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Faisalabad</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Faisalabad"> <meta name="keywords" content="Faisalabad"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Faisalabad"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 47</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Faisalabad</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">47</span> Environmental Impacts on the British Era Structures of Faisalabad-a Detailed Study of the Clock Tower of Faisalabad</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bazla%20Manzoor">Bazla Manzoor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aqsa%20Yasin"> Aqsa Yasin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Pakistan is the country which is progressing by leaps and bounds through agricultural and industrial growth. The main area, which presents the largest income rate through industrial activities, is Faisalabad from the Province of Punjab. Faisalabad’s main occupations include agriculture and industry. As these sectors i.e. agriculture and industry is developing day by day, they are earning much income for the country and generating thousands of job vacancies. On one hand the city, i.e. Faisalabad is on the way of development through industrial growth, while on the other hand this industrial growth is producing a bad impact on the environment. In return, that damaged environment is affecting badly on the people and built environment. This research is chiefly based on one of the above-mentioned factors i.e. adverse environmental impacts on the built structures. Faisalabad is an old city, therefore; it is having many old structures especially from British Era. Many of those structures are still surviving and are functioning as the government, private and public buildings. However, these structures are getting in a poor condition with the passage of time due to bad maintenance and adverse environmental impacts. Bad maintenance is a factor, which can be controlled by financial assistance and management. The factor needs to be seriously considered is the other one i.e. adverse environmental impacts on British Era structures of the city because this factor requires controlled and refined human activities and actions. For this reason, a research was required to conserve the British Era structures of Faisalabad so that these structures can function well. The other reason to conserve them is that these structures are historically important and are the heritage of the city. For doing this research, literature has been reviewed which was present in the libraries of the city. Department of Environment, Town Municipal Administration, Faisalabad Development Authority and Lyallpur Heritage Foundation were visited to collect the existing data available. Various British Era structures were also visited to note down the environmental impacts on them. From all the structures “Clock Tower,” was deeply studied as it is one of the oldest and most important heritage structures of the city because the earlier settlements of the city were planned based on its location by The British Government. The architectural and environmental analyses were done for The Clock Tower. This research study found the deterioration factors of the tower according to which suggestions have been made. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lyallpur" title="lyallpur">lyallpur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heritage" title=" heritage"> heritage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=architecture" title=" architecture"> architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environment" title=" environment"> environment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39941/environmental-impacts-on-the-british-era-structures-of-faisalabad-a-detailed-study-of-the-clock-tower-of-faisalabad" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39941.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">302</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">46</span> Assessment of the Adoption and Distribution Pattern of Agroforestry in Faisalabad District Using GIS</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irfan%20Ahmad">Irfan Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raza%20Ghafoor"> Raza Ghafoor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hammad%20Raza%20Ahmad"> Hammad Raza Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Asif"> Muhammad Asif</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farrakh%20Nawaz"> Farrakh Nawaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Tahir%20Siddiqui"> M. Tahir Siddiqui</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Due to the exploding population of Pakistan the pressure on natural forests is increasing to meet the demands of wood and wood based products. Agroforestry is being practiced throughout the world on scientific basis but unfortunately the farmers of Pakistan are reluctant in its adoption. The presents study was designed to assess the adoption of agroforestry practices in Faisalabad with respect to land holdings of farmers and future suitability by using Geographic information system (GIS). Faisalabad is the third largest city of the country and is famous due to the textile industry. A comprehensive survey from target villages of the Lyallpur town of Faisalabad district was carried out. Out of total 65 villages, 40 were selected for study. From each selected village, one farmer who was actively engaged in farming activities was selected. It was observed that medium sized farmers having 10-20 acre were more in number as compared to small and large farmers. Number of trees was found maximum in large farm lands, ratio of diseased trees was almost similar in all categories with maximum in small farmlands (24.1%). Regarding the future prospects 35% farmer were interested in agroforestry practices 65% were not interested in the promotion of trees due to the non-availability of technical guidance and proper markets. Geographic images of the study site can further help the researchers and policy makers in the promotion of agroforestry. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agroforestry%20trends" title="agroforestry trends">agroforestry trends</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adoption" title=" adoption"> adoption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faisalabad" title=" Faisalabad"> Faisalabad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geographic%20information%20system%20%28GIS%29" title=" geographic information system (GIS)"> geographic information system (GIS)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37737/assessment-of-the-adoption-and-distribution-pattern-of-agroforestry-in-faisalabad-district-using-gis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37737.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">504</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">45</span> An Analysis of Heavy Metal Pollution by Shisham (Dalbergia sissoo) in Different Cities of Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shumaila%20Shakoor">Shumaila Shakoor</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The levels of metal pollution (Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn) were investigated in the leaves of Dalbergia sisso in urban areas of the Sahiwal and Faisalabad City. For this purpose, three habitats were selected for sampling (roads, residential areas and parks). High concentration of metal was found in roadside samples as compared to residential areas and parks. In Sahiwal city the mean concentration of Copper (7.68µgg-¹) Zinc (43.55µgg-¹) and lead (4.79µgg-¹) were detected. Similarly, concentration of Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd in leaves of Faisalabad city ranged from 14.4-11.3µgg-¹, 49.7-49.5µgg-¹,138.7-47.1µgg-¹. Highest concentration of heavy metals was detected in Faisalabad as compared to Sahiwal city and level of heavy metals was below the threshold limits, therefore, the concentration of heavy metals was not high in Dalbergia sissoo. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cadmium" title="cadmium">cadmium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=copper" title=" copper"> copper</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lead" title=" lead"> lead</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zinc" title=" zinc"> zinc</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55644/an-analysis-of-heavy-metal-pollution-by-shisham-dalbergia-sissoo-in-different-cities-of-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55644.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">258</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">44</span> Ecological Investigations for the Control of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in the Selected Study Districts of Punjab, Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Sohail%20Sajid">Muhammad Sohail Sajid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Abdullah%20Malik"> Muhammad Abdullah Malik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Saqib"> Muhammad Saqib</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faiz%20Ahmad%20Raza"> Faiz Ahmad Raza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Waseem%20Akram"> Waseem Akram</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aedes (Ae.) aegypti, the vector of pathogens of one health significance, has gained currency over the last decade. The present study reports the prevalence of A. aegypti larvae in indoor and outdoor niches from the three districts of different agro-geo-climatic zones of Punjab, including Chakwal (north), Faisalabad (central), and Dera Ghazi Khan (south). Mosquito larvae were collected, preserved, and transferred for identification. The relevant data were collected on a predesigned questionnaire. Stegomyia indices, including House Index (HI), Breteau Index (BI), and Container Index (CI), were calculated. The association of different breeding containers with the prevalence of Ae. aegypti larvae were estimated through Chi-square analysis. The highest Stegomyia indices were calculated in Chakwal (HI = 46.61%, BI = 91.67%, and CI = 15.28%) as compared to Faisalabad (HI = 34.11%, BI = 68.75% and, CI = 13.04%) and DG Khan (HI = 28.39%, BI = 68.23% and, CI = 11.29%), respectively. Irrespective of the geographical area, earthen jars, water tanks, and tree holes were found to be significantly associated (p < 0.05) with the abundance of Ae. aegypti larvae. However, tires and plastic bottles in Faisalabad and DG Khan while flower tubs and plastic buckets in Faisalabad and Chakwal were found to be significantly associated (p < 0.05) with the larval abundance. The results are a maiden attempt to correlate the magnitude of Ae. aegypti larvae in various microclimatic niches of Punjab, Pakistan, which might help in policy-making for preventive management of the menace. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aedes%20aegypti" title="Aedes aegypti">Aedes aegypti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ecology" title=" ecology"> ecology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breeding%20habitats" title=" breeding habitats"> breeding habitats</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stegomyia%20indices" title=" Stegomyia indices"> Stegomyia indices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breeding%20containers" title=" breeding containers"> breeding containers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155110/ecological-investigations-for-the-control-of-aedes-aegypti-diptera-culicidae-in-the-selected-study-districts-of-punjab-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155110.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">120</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">43</span> Fungi Associated with Decline of Kikar (Acacia nilotica) and Red River Gum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) in Faisalabad</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Ahmad">I. Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Hannan"> A. Hannan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Ahmad"> S. Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Asif"> M. Asif</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20F.%20Nawaz"> M. F. Nawaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20A.%20Tanvir"> M. A. Tanvir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20F.%20Azhar"> M. F. Azhar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> During this research, a comprehensive survey of tree growing areas of Faisalabad district of Pakistan was conducted to observe the symptoms, spectrum, occurrence and severity of <em>A. nilotica</em> and <em>E. camaldulensis</em> decline. Objective of current research was to investigate specific fungal pathogens involved in decline of <em>A. nilotica</em> and <em>E. camaldulensis</em>. For this purpose, infected roots, bark, neck portion, stem, branches, leaves and infected soils were collected to identify associated fungi. Potato dextrose agar (PDA) and Czepak dox agar media were used for isolations. Identification of isolated fungi was done microscopically and different fungi were identified. During survey of urban locations of Faisalabad, disease incidence on Kikar and Eucalyptus was recorded as 3.9-7.9% and 2.6-7.1% respectively. Survey of Agroforest zones of Faisalabad revealed decline incidence on kikar 7.5% from Sargodha road while on Satiana and Jhang road it was not planted. In eucalyptus trees, 4%, 8% and 0% disease incidence was observed on Jhang road, Sargodha road and Satiana road respectively. The maximum fungus isolated from the kikar tree was <em>Drechslera australiensis</em> (5.00%) from the stem part. <em>Aspergillus flavus</em> also gave the maximum value of (3.05%) from the bark. <em>Alternaria alternata</em> gave the maximum value of (2.05%) from leaves. <em>Rhizopus</em> and <em>Mucor</em> spp. were recorded minimum as compared to the <em>Drechslera, Alternaria</em> and <em>Aspergillus</em>. The maximum fungus isolated from the Eucalyptus tree was <em>Armillaria luteobubalina</em> (5.00%) from the stem part. The other fungi isolated were <em>Macrophamina phaseolina</em> and <em>A</em>.<em> niger.</em> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decline" title="decline">decline</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=frequency%20of%20mycoflora" title=" frequency of mycoflora"> frequency of mycoflora</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20nilotica%20and%20E.%20camaldulensis" title=" A. nilotica and E. camaldulensis"> A. nilotica and E. camaldulensis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Drechslera%20australiensis" title=" Drechslera australiensis"> Drechslera australiensis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Armillaria%20luteobubalina" title=" Armillaria luteobubalina"> Armillaria luteobubalina</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64040/fungi-associated-with-decline-of-kikar-acacia-nilotica-and-red-river-gum-eucalyptus-camaldulensis-in-faisalabad" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64040.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">369</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">42</span> Health and Nutrition-Related Stress in Working Women: Faisalabad Perspective</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sabah%20Yasin">Sabah Yasin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anum%20Obaid"> Anum Obaid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Abstract—Working women in Pakistan should not be neglected, as women make up to half of the population, and are highly educated and diversified in their skills and capabilities. With a shift in global economic and social demands the obligations of a women have altered significantly, impacted by the dual pressures of career and personal life. Despite global efforts to improve economic empowerment and health of women, through Sustainable Development Goals, they suffer from social, economic, psychological and physiological challenges. A sound understanding of working women’s nutrition and health-related stress is a prompt necessity, in areas like Faisalabad, thus leading to a public health issue. The current qualitative study is grounded under the paradigm of in-depth interviews with working women, currently working full time in Faisalabad. Participants collected through snowball sampling were women ages 30-40. This study explores the perceptions and experiences as well as barriers and factors effecting the overall wellbeing of working women, regarding nutrition and health-related stress. Findings of the current study disclosed that the nutritional and health well-being of working women in Faisalabad suffers from the impact of various stressors, like long working hours, excessive workload, low income, poor work place culture, unavailability of healthy food choices at work, lack of time, lack of self-care, unattended nutritional deficiencies and overburdened share of responsibilities. Hence, these findings highlight the need for effective strategies and support systems that will address the unique stressors faced by working women and also by educating them in changing their attitudes and understanding psychosocial barriers that impede their ability to maintain nutrition and overall well-being. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20triangle" title="health triangle">health triangle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lifestyle%20behaviors" title=" lifestyle behaviors"> lifestyle behaviors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nutrition-related" title=" nutrition-related"> nutrition-related</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=professional%20life" title=" professional life"> professional life</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress" title=" stress"> stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=working%20women" title=" working women"> working women</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191369/health-and-nutrition-related-stress-in-working-women-faisalabad-perspective" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191369.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">18</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">41</span> A New Genus Longicheles (Acari: Mesostigmata: Macrochelidae) for Pakistan Fauna from Punjab, Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Asif%20Qayyoum">Muhammad Asif Qayyoum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bilal%20Saeed%20Khan"> Bilal Saeed Khan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Macrochelid mites are poorly studied from the planes of Punjab, Pakistan. The study was conducted as a part of PhD thesis research partially funded by the Royal Society of Entomology, UK. The genus Longicheles was first time reported from the Pakistan. Samples were collected on the monthly basis from different districts of Punjab province, Pakistan. The genus Longicheles was frequently found from five districts (Faisalabad, Dera Ghazi Khan, Jhung, Layyah, and Rajanpur) of Punjab province. Taxonomic studies were performed in Acarology Lab., Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad with slide deposition. Taxonomic work was performed by using Phase contrast microscope and adobe illustrator (drawings) for finishing of picture. The detail descriptions of two (Longicheles mandibularis and Longicheles hortorum) females are given along with diagrams and key. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=macrochelidae" title="macrochelidae">macrochelidae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=longicheles" title=" longicheles"> longicheles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=new%20records" title=" new records"> new records</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Punjab" title=" Punjab"> Punjab</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44007/a-new-genus-longicheles-acari-mesostigmata-macrochelidae-for-pakistan-fauna-from-punjab-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44007.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">409</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">40</span> Feasibility of BioMass Power Generation in Punjab Province of Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Ghaffar%20Doggar">Muhammad Ghaffar Doggar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farah"> Farah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The primary objective of this feasibility study is to conduct a techno-financial assessment for installation of biomass based power plant in Faisalabad division. The study involves identification of best site for power plant followed by an assessment of biomass resource potential in the area and propose power plant of suitable size. The study also entailed comprehensive supply chain analysis to determine biomass fuel pricing, transportation and storage. Further technical and financial analyses have been done for selection of appropriate technology for the power plant and its financial viability, respectively. The assessment of biomass resources and the subsequent technical analysis revealed that 20 MW biomass power plant could be implemented at one of the locations near Faisalabad city i.e. AARI Site, Near Chak Jhumra district Faisalabad, Punjab province. Three options for steam pressure; namely, 70 bar, 90 bar and 100 bar boilers have been considered. Using international experience and prices on power plant technology and local prices on locally available equipment, the study concludes biomass fuel price of around 50 US dollars (USD) per ton when delivered to power plant site. The electricity prices used for feasibility calculations were 0.13 USD per KWh for electricity from a locally financed project and 0.11 USD per KWh for internationally financed power plant. For local financing the most viable choice is the 70 bar solution and with international financing, the most feasible solution is using a 90 bar boiler. Between the two options, the internationally financed 90 bar boiler setup gives better financial results than the locally financed 70 bar boiler project. It has been concluded that 20 MW with 90 bar power plant and internationally financed would have an equity IRR of 23% and a payback period of 7 years. This will be a cheap option for installation of power plants. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AARI" title="AARI">AARI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayub%20agriculture%20research%20institute" title=" Ayub agriculture research institute"> Ayub agriculture research institute</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomass%20-%20crops%20residue" title=" biomass - crops residue"> biomass - crops residue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=KWh%20-%20electricity%20Units" title=" KWh - electricity Units"> KWh - electricity Units</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MG%20-%20Muhammad%20Ghaffar" title=" MG - Muhammad Ghaffar"> MG - Muhammad Ghaffar</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62606/feasibility-of-biomass-power-generation-in-punjab-province-of-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62606.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">340</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">39</span> Influence of Marital Status on Nutritional, Physical, Mental, and Social Health: A Study on Women in Faisalabad, Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anum%20Obaid">Anum Obaid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iman%20Fatima"> Iman Fatima</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wanisha%20Feroz"> Wanisha Feroz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haleema%20Imran"> Haleema Imran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hammad%20Tariq"> Hammad Tariq</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Unmarried women over thirty years of age as a health issue is a relatively young phenomenon, but it is rapidly growing in Pakistan; therefore, it is a public health issue. The challenges affecting nutrition and public health are some of the indispensable components that need to be met to achieve sustainable development goals (SDGs). This research intends to explain these goals in the context of nutrition and public health, especially analyzing the issues related to unmarried women above the age of thirty in Faisalabad, Pakistan. Still, this research is not feasible in Pakistan. In Pakistan alone, 10 million women over the age of 35 are unmarried, based on a recent United Nations report. The United Nations, in cooperation with the World Health Organization, has identified health as a state of being healthy, free from illness or disease, and not just a condition where there are no diseases or bodily disabilities. The current generation of women is unmarried and living a life under constant pressure from society to deliver changes like the diet these women take, and hence, their nutritional status defines their comprehensive health triangle, a mix of physical, mental, and social well-being. The research was carried out under the qualitative research paradigm, specifically through interviews with the participants who were unmarried women and married women above the age of thirty. This qualitative study explores how marriage affects the intake of nutrients, nutritional health, psychological and social well-being and their effects. The realization of well-being consisted of factors like physical health, mental and emotional health, pressure from society, social health, economic independence, and decision-making power to reveal the impact of singleness on well-being. The findings disclosed that marital status had a notable impact on the diet habits and nutritional behaviors of women in Faisalabad. Also, it was found that single women suffer from more stress and are not as positive as married women because they are lonely, as their husbands are absent from their lives. The findings established that nutritional understanding is differentially affected by marital status as a determinant of the health triangle consisting of physical, mental, and social health. Awareness of these factors is significant in designing specific goal-directed interventions that can enhance the nutritional well-being and general health status of unmarried women in Faisalabad. Hence, this study underscores the necessity of maintaining supportive environments and increasing the regard concerning the health state of single ladies beyond thirty. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20triangle" title="health triangle">health triangle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=over%20thirty" title=" over thirty"> over thirty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=singleness" title=" singleness"> singleness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=age%20barriers" title=" age barriers"> age barriers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unmarried%20women" title=" unmarried women"> unmarried women</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=women%E2%80%99s%20health" title=" women’s health"> women’s health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=well-being" title=" well-being"> well-being</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187656/influence-of-marital-status-on-nutritional-physical-mental-and-social-health-a-study-on-women-in-faisalabad-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187656.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">27</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">38</span> Imidacloprid and Acetamiprid Residues in Okra and Brinjal Grown in Peri-Urban Environments and Their Dietary Intake Assessment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Atif%20Randhawa">Muhammad Atif Randhawa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adnan%20Amjad"> Adnan Amjad </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Assessment of insecticides used for growing vegetables in comparison with their safety status was the main purpose of this study. A total of 180 samples of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) and brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) comprising 30 samples of each vegetable were collected from the peri-urban farming system of Multan, Faisalabad and Gujranwala. The mean value for imidacloprid residues found in brinjal (0.226 mg kg-1) and okra (0.176 mg kg-1) from Multan region were greater than the residues reported from Gujranwala and Faisalabad, showing excessive application of imidacloprid in Multan. Out of total 180 samples analysed for imidacloprid and acetamaprid residues, (90 samples for each of okra and brinjal), 104 (58%) and 117 (65%) samples contained detectable imidacloprid and acetamiprid residues, respectively. Whereas 10% and 15% samples exceeded their respective MRLs for imidacloprid and acetamiprid residues. Dietary intake assessment for imidacloprid and acetamiprid was calculated according to their MPI values 3.84 and 4.48 mg person-1day-1, respectively. The dietary intake assessment data revealed that although a reasonable proportion of samples exceeded the MRLs in studied areas but their consumption was found within safe limit in comparison to values obtained for MPI. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Acceptable%20Daily%20Intake%20%28ADI%29" title="Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI)">Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=insecticides" title=" insecticides"> insecticides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maximum%20Residual%20Limits%20%28MRLs%29" title=" Maximum Residual Limits (MRLs)"> Maximum Residual Limits (MRLs)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20assessment" title=" risk assessment"> risk assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vegetables" title=" vegetables"> vegetables</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41482/imidacloprid-and-acetamiprid-residues-in-okra-and-brinjal-grown-in-peri-urban-environments-and-their-dietary-intake-assessment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41482.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">315</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">37</span> Health Challenges of Unmarried Women over Thirty in Pakistan: A Public Health Perspective on Nutrition and Well-being</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anum%20Obaid">Anum Obaid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iman%20Fatima"> Iman Fatima</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wanisha%20Feroz"> Wanisha Feroz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haleema%20Imran"> Haleema Imran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hammad%20Tariq"> Hammad Tariq</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In Pakistan, the health of unmarried women over thirty is an emerging public health concern due to its increasing prevalence. Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) requires addressing nutrition and public health issues. This research investigates these goals through the lens of nutrition and public health, specifically examining the challenges faced by unmarried women over thirty in Faisalabad, Pakistan. According to a recent United Nations report, there are 10 million unmarried women over the age of 35 in Pakistan. The United Nations defines health as "a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity." Being unmarried and under constant societal pressure profoundly influences the dietary behaviors and nutritional status of these women, affecting their overall health, including physical, mental, and social well-being. A qualitative research approach was employed, involving interviews with both unmarried and married women over thirty. This research examines how marital status influences dietary practices, nutritional status, mental and social health, and their subsequent impacts. Factors such as physical health, mental and emotional status, societal pressure, social health, economic independence, and decision-making power were analyzed to understand the effect of singleness on overall wellness. Findings indicated that marital status significantly affects the dietary patterns and nutritional practices among women in Faisalabad. It was also revealed that unmarried women experienced more stress and had a less optimistic mindset compared to married women, due to loneliness or the absence of a spouse in their lives. Nutritional knowledge varied across marital status, impacting the overall health triangle, including physical, mental, and social health. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for developing targeted interventions to improve nutritional outcomes and overall health among unmarried women in Faisalabad. This study highlights the importance of fostering supportive environments and raising awareness about the health needs of unmarried women over thirty to enhance their overall well-being. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20triangle" title="health triangle">health triangle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unmarried%20woman%20over%20thirty" title=" unmarried woman over thirty"> unmarried woman over thirty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=socio-cultural%20barriers" title=" socio-cultural barriers"> socio-cultural barriers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=women%E2%80%99s%20health" title=" women’s health"> women’s health</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186912/health-challenges-of-unmarried-women-over-thirty-in-pakistan-a-public-health-perspective-on-nutrition-and-well-being" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186912.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">34</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">36</span> Rural Development through Women Participation in Livestock Care and Management in District Faisalabad</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arfan%20Riasat">Arfan Riasat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Iqbal%20Zafar"> M. Iqbal Zafar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gulfam%20Riasat"> Gulfam Riasat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Pakistani women actively participate in livestock management activities, along with their normal domestic chores. The study was designed to measure the position and contribution of rural women, their constraints in livestock management activities and mainly how the rural women contribute for development in the district Faisalabad. It was envisioned that women participation in livestock activities have rarely been investigated. A multistage random sampling technique was used to collect the data from Tehsil Summandry of the district selected at random. Two union councils were taken by using simple random sampling technique. Four Chak (village) from each union council were selected at random and fifteen woman were further selected randomly from each selected chak. The results show that a vast majority of women were illiterate, having annual family income of one to two lac. They are living in joint family system. Their main occupation is agriculture and they spend long hours in whole livestock related activities to support their families. A large proportion of the respondents reported that they had to face problems and constraints in livestock activities in the context of decision making, medication, awareness, training along with social and economic issues. Analysis indicated that education level of women, income of household, age were significantly associated with level of participation. Women participation in livestock activities increased production and they were involved in income generating activities for better economic conditions of their families. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=women" title="women">women</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=participation" title=" participation"> participation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=livestock" title=" livestock"> livestock</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=management" title=" management"> management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rural%20development" title=" rural development"> rural development</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10170/rural-development-through-women-participation-in-livestock-care-and-management-in-district-faisalabad" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10170.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">404</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">35</span> Distribution of Spotted Fever Group in Ixodid Ticks, Domestic Cattle and Buffalos of Faisalabad District, Punjab, Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Sohail%20Sajid">Muhammad Sohail Sajid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qurat-ul-Ain"> Qurat-ul-Ain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zafar%20Iqbal"> Zafar Iqbal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Nisar%20Khan"> Muhammad Nisar Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asma%20Kausar"> Asma Kausar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adil%20Ejaz"> Adil Ejaz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rickettsiosis, caused by a Spotted Fever Group Rickettsiae (SFGR), is considered as an emerging infectious disease from public and veterinary perspective. The present study reports distribution of SFGR in the host (buffalo and cattle) and vector (ticks) population determined through gene specific amplification through PCR targeting outer membrane protein (ompA). Tick and blood samples were collected using standard protocols through convenient sampling from district Faisalabad. Ticks were dissected to extract salivary glands (SG). Blood and tick SG pools were subjected to DNA extraction and amplification of ompA using PCR. Overall prevalence of SFGR was reported as 21.5% and 33.6 % from blood and ticks, respectively. Hyalomma anatolicum was more prevalent tick associated with SFGR as compared to Rhipicephalus sp. Higher prevalence of SFGR was reported in cattle (25%) population as compared to that of buffalo (17.07%). On seasonal basis, high SFGR prevalence was recorded during spring season (48.1%, 26.32%, 17.76%) as compared to winter (27.9%, 21.43%, 15.38%) in vector and host (cattle and buffalo respectively) population. Sequencing analysis indicated that rickettsial endo-symbionts were associated with ticks of the study area. These results provided baseline information about the prevalence of SFGR in vector and host population. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rickettsia" title="Rickettsia">Rickettsia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=livestock" title=" livestock"> livestock</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymerase%20chain%20reaction" title=" polymerase chain reaction"> polymerase chain reaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sequencing" title=" sequencing"> sequencing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ticks" title=" ticks"> ticks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vectors" title=" vectors"> vectors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91264/distribution-of-spotted-fever-group-in-ixodid-ticks-domestic-cattle-and-buffalos-of-faisalabad-district-punjab-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91264.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">269</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">34</span> DNA Based Identification of Insect Vectors for Zoonotic Diseases From District Faisalabad, Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zain%20Ul%20Abdin">Zain Ul Abdin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mirza%20Aizaz%20Asim"> Mirza Aizaz Asim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rao%20Sohail%20Ahmad%20Khan"> Rao Sohail Ahmad Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luqman%20Amrao"> Luqman Amrao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fiaz%20Hussain"> Fiaz Hussain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hasooba%20Hira"> Hasooba Hira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saqi%20Kosar%20Abbas"> Saqi Kosar Abbas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The success of Integrated vector management programmes mainly depends on the correct identification of insect vector species involved in vector borne diseases. Based on molecular data the most important insect species involved as vectors for Zoonotic diseases in Pakistan were identified. The precise and accurate identification of such type of organism is only possible through molecular based techniques like “DNA barcoding”. Morphological species identification in insects at any life stage, is very challenging, therefore, DNA barcoding was used as a tool for rapid and accurate species identification in a wide variety of taxa across the globe and parallel studies revealed that DNA barcoding data can be effectively used in resolving taxonomic ambiguities, detection of cryptic diversity, invasion biology, description of new species etc. A comprehensive survey was carried out for the collection of insects (both adult and immature stages) in district Faisalabad, Pakistan and their DNA was extracted and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI-59) barcode sequences was used for molecular identification of immature and adult life stage.This preliminary research work opens new frontiers for developing sustainable insect vectors management programmes for saving lives of mankind from fatal diseases. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zoonotic%20diseases" title="zoonotic diseases">zoonotic diseases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cytochrome%20oxidase" title=" cytochrome oxidase"> cytochrome oxidase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=and%20insect%20vectors" title=" and insect vectors"> and insect vectors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CO1" title=" CO1"> CO1</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153916/dna-based-identification-of-insect-vectors-for-zoonotic-diseases-from-district-faisalabad-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153916.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">169</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">33</span> Varietal Screening of Advance Wheat Genotypes against Wheat Aphids</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zunnu%20Raen%20Akhtar">Zunnu Raen Akhtar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haseeb%20Jan"> Haseeb Jan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Latif"> Muhammad Latif</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Aziz"> Ali Aziz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Akash"> Ali Akash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Waleed%20Afzal%0D%0ANaveed"> Waleed Afzal Naveed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Naveed%20Akhtar"> Muhammad Naveed Akhtar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Wheat (Triticum aestivium) is main staple food crop of Pakistan. This crop is highly infested with aphids which cause the loss of yield. A study was carried out at Entomological Research Institute of Ayub Agriculture Research Institute Faisalabad during 2015-16. Eleven wheat genotypes (FSD- 08, v-11098, NIBGE gandum-3, shafaq 2006, v-13372, Punjab-2011, v-12304, 11C023, v-13005, v-13016, v-12120) were sown using the Randomized Complete Block Design in the research area of Entomological Research Institute Faisalabad during the year 2015-16. The aphid infestation per tiller on each genotype was observed from the first week of January till the third week of March maximum. The results reveal that shafaq 2006 and V-12120 were found more susceptible with 10.22 and 9.90 aphids per tiller and minimum infestation was observed on the Punjab-2011 and 11C023 i.e., 5.72 and 5.99 aphid per tiller respectively. When the peak season observations were analyzed, slight changes occur in the peak population of aphid among all wheat genotypes. The most susceptible genotypes were Shafaq 2006 and V-12304 with 18.63 and 18.23 aphids per tiller while the wheat genotypes 11C023 and Punjab 2011 received minimum aphid population which was 9.99 and 10.47 aphids per tiller and they considered more tolerant. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Triticum%20aestivium" title="Triticum aestivium">Triticum aestivium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Schizaphis%20graminum" title=" Schizaphis graminum"> Schizaphis graminum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=population" title=" population"> population</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resistance" title=" resistance"> resistance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75583/varietal-screening-of-advance-wheat-genotypes-against-wheat-aphids" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75583.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">332</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">32</span> Weighing the Economic Cost of Illness Due to Dysentery and Cholera Triggered by Poor Sanitation in Rural Faisalabad, Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syed%20Asif%20Ali%20Naqvi">Syed Asif Ali Naqvi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Azeem%20Tufail"> Muhammad Azeem Tufail</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Inadequate sanitation causes direct costs of treating illnesses and loss of income through reduced productivity. This study estimated the economic cost of health (ECH) due to poor sanitation and factors determining the lack of access to latrine for the rural, backward hamlets and slums of district Faisalabad, Pakistan. Cross sectional data were collected and analyzed for the study. As the population under study was homogenous in nature, it is why a simple random sampling technique was used for the collection of data. Data of 440 households from 4 tehsils were gathered. The ordinary least square (OLS) model was used for health cost analysis, and the Probit regression model was employed for determining the factors responsible for inaccess to toilets. The results of the study showed that condition of toilets, situation of sewerage system, access to adequate sanitation, Cholera, diarrhea and dysentery, Water and Sanitation Agency (WASA) maintenance, source of medical treatment can plausibly have a significant connection with the dependent variable. Outcomes of the second model showed that the variables of education, family system, age, and type of dwelling have positive and significant sway with the dependent variable. Variable of age depicted an insignificant association with access to toilets. Variable of monetary expenses would negatively influence the dependent variable. Findings revealed the fact, health risks are often exacerbated by inadequate sanitation, and ultimately, the cost on health also surges. Public and community toilets for youths and social campaigning are suggested for public policy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sanitation" title="sanitation">sanitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=toilet" title=" toilet"> toilet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20cost%20of%20health" title=" economic cost of health"> economic cost of health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water" title=" water"> water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Punjab" title=" Punjab"> Punjab</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132341/weighing-the-economic-cost-of-illness-due-to-dysentery-and-cholera-triggered-by-poor-sanitation-in-rural-faisalabad-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132341.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">120</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">31</span> Growth and Yield Potential of Quinoa genotypes on Salt Affected Soils</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahzad%20M.%20A.%20Basra">Shahzad M. A. Basra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahid%20Iqbal"> Shahid Iqbal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irfan%20Afzal"> Irfan Afzal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hafeez-ur-Rehman"> Hafeez-ur-Rehman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Quinoa a facultative halophyte crop plant is a new introduction in Pakistan due to its superior nutritional profile and its abiotic stress tolerance, especially against salinity. Present study was conducted to explore halophytic behavior of quinoa. Four quinoa genotypes (A1, A2, A7 and A9) were evaluated against high salinity (control, 100, 200, 300 and 400 mM). Evaluation was made on the basis of ionic analysis (Na+, K+ and K+: Na+ ratio in shoot) and root- shoot fresh and dry weight at four leaf stage. Seedling growth i.e. fresh and dry weight of shoot and root increased by 100 mM salinity and then growth decreased gradually with increasing salinity level in all geno types. Mineral analysis indicated that A2 and A7 have more tolerant behavior having low Na+ and high K+ ¬concentration as compared to A1 and A9. Same geno types as above were also evaluated against high salinity (control, 10, 20, 30, and 40 dS m-1) in pot culture during 2012-13. It was found that increase in salinity up to 10 dS m-1 the plant height, stem diameter and yield related traits increased but decreased with further increase in salinity. Same trend was observed in ionic contents. Maximum grain yield was achieved by A7 (100 g plant-1) followed by A2 (82 g plant-1) at salinity level 10 dS m-1. Next phase was carried out through field settings by using salt tolerant geno types (A2 and A7) at Crop Physiology Research Area Farm (non saline soil as control)/ Proka Farm (salt affected with EC up to 15 dS m-1), University of Agriculture, Faisalabad and Soil Salinity Research Institute, Pindi Bhtiaan (SSRI) Farm (one normal as control and two salt affected fields with EC values up to 15 and 30 dS m-1) during 2013-14. Genotype A7 showed maximum growth and gave maximum yield (3200 kg ha-1) at Proka Farm which was statistically at par to the values of yield obtained on normal soils of Faisalabad. Geno type A7 also gave maximum yield 2800 kg ha-1 on normal field of Pindi bhtiaan followed by as obtained (2340) on salt problem field (15 dS m-1) of same location. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quinoa" title="quinoa">quinoa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salinity" title=" salinity"> salinity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=halophyte" title=" halophyte"> halophyte</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genotype" title=" genotype"> genotype</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19258/growth-and-yield-potential-of-quinoa-genotypes-on-salt-affected-soils" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19258.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">570</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30</span> Health Risk Assessment and Source Apportionment of Elemental Particulate Contents from a South Asian Future Megacity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Afifa%20Aslam">Afifa Aslam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Ibrahim"> Muhammad Ibrahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abid%20Mahmood"> Abid Mahmood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Usman%20Alvi"> Muhammad Usman Alvi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fariha%20Jabeen"> Fariha Jabeen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Umara%20Tabassum"> Umara Tabassum</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Many factors cause air pollution in Pakistan, which poses a significant threat to human health. Diesel fuel and gasoline motor vehicles, as well as industrial companies, pollute the air in Pakistan's cities. The study's goal is to determine the level of air pollution in a Pakistani industrial city and to establish risk levels for the health of the population. We measured the intensity of air pollution by chemical characterization and examination of air samples collected at stationary remark sites. The PM10 levels observed at all sampling sites, including residential, commercial, high-traffic, and industrial areas were well above the limits imposed by Pakistan EPA, the United States EPA, and WHO. We assessed the health risk via chemical factors using a methodology approved for risk assessment. All Igeo index values greater than one were considered moderately contaminated or moderately to severely contaminated. Heavy metals have a substantial risk of acute adverse effects. In Faisalabad, Pakistan, there was an enormously high risk of chronic effects produced by a heavy metal acquaintance. Concerning specified toxic metals, intolerable levels of carcinogenic risks have been determined for the entire population. As a result, in most of the investigated areas of Faisalabad, the indices and hazard quotients for chronic and acute exposure exceeded the permissible level of 1.0. In the current study, re-suspended roadside mineral dust, anthropogenic exhaust emissions from traffic and industry, and industrial dust were identified as major emission sources of elemental particulate contents. Because of the unacceptable levels of risk in the research area, it is strongly suggested that a comprehensive study of the population's health status as a result of air pollution should be conducted for policies to be developed against these risks. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elemental%20composition" title="elemental composition">elemental composition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particulate%20pollution" title=" particulate pollution"> particulate pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Igeo%20index" title=" Igeo index"> Igeo index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20risk%20assessment" title=" health risk assessment"> health risk assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hazard%20quotient" title=" hazard quotient"> hazard quotient</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158911/health-risk-assessment-and-source-apportionment-of-elemental-particulate-contents-from-a-south-asian-future-megacity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158911.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">91</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">29</span> Investigating the Glass Ceiling Phenomenon: An Empirical Study of Glass Ceiling's Effects on Selection, Promotion and Female Effectiveness</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sharjeel%20Saleem">Sharjeel Saleem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The glass ceiling has been a burning issue for many researchers. In this research, we examine gender of the BOD, training and development, workforce diversity, positive attitude towards women, and employee acts as antecedents of glass ceiling. Furthermore, we also look for effects of glass ceiling on likelihood of female selection and promotion and on female effectiveness. Multiple linear regression conducted on data drawn from different public and private sector organizations support our hypotheses. The research, however, is limited to Faisalabad city and only females from minority group are targeted here. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glass%20ceiling" title="glass ceiling">glass ceiling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stereotype%20attitudes" title=" stereotype attitudes"> stereotype attitudes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=female%20effectiveness" title=" female effectiveness"> female effectiveness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29431/investigating-the-glass-ceiling-phenomenon-an-empirical-study-of-glass-ceilings-effects-on-selection-promotion-and-female-effectiveness" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29431.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">291</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28</span> Effect of Green Manuring Jantar (Sesbania acculata. L.) on the Growth and Yield of Crops Grown in Wheat-Based Cropping Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Javed%20Kamal">Javed Kamal </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A proposed field study of wheat-based cropping systems was conducted at Faisalabad (Post-Graduate Research Station). We used 7 treatments and Jantar as a green manuring crop to increase the fertility status of soil; after the vegetative phases of wheat, rice, sorghum, and mungbean, the agronomic parameters of these crops were recorded. Hopefully, all increased with jantar treatment when compared with controls. The benefit: cost ratio and physicochemical characteristics of the soil before and after the crop harvest were also calculated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=benifit%20cost%20ratio" title="benifit cost ratio">benifit cost ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=jantar" title=" jantar"> jantar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sunflower" title=" sunflower"> sunflower</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rice" title=" rice"> rice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wheat" title=" wheat"> wheat</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1683/effect-of-green-manuring-jantar-sesbania-acculata-l-on-the-growth-and-yield-of-crops-grown-in-wheat-based-cropping-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1683.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">402</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">27</span> Exploring the Biochemical and Therapeutic Properties of Aged Garlic</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farhan%20Saeed">Farhan Saeed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The core objective of this work is to explicate the biochemical and therapeutic properties of aged garlic. For this purpose, two varieties of garlic were obtained from Ayub Agricultural Research Institute (AARI) Faisalabad-Pakistan. Additionally, fresh garlic was converted into aged garlic via fermentation method in the incubator at 70 to 80 % humidity level and 60C0 temperature for one month. Similarly, biochemical and antioxidant properties of fresh and aged garlic were also elucidated. Mean values showed that moisture content was decreased, whereas crude fat, crude protein, crude fiber, crude ash and total carbohydrates were enhanced after fermentation. Additionally, crude protein of fresh and aged garlic was 7.57±0.16 and 5.52±0.12%, respectively, whilst 9.68±0.41 and 8.78±0.29%, respectively, after the fermentation process. In addition, NFE contents were also enhanced up to 39% after the fermentation method. Moreover, Zn, S, Al, K, Fe, Na, Mg, and Cu contents were also increased. Furthermore, Total phenolic contents (TPC) of fresh and aged garlic were 2498.70 & 2188.50mg GAE/kg whilst 3008.59, & 2591.81mg GAE/kg for aged garlic. In conclusion, aged garlic explicated the better biochemical properties, mineral profile and antioxidant properties as compared to fresh garlic. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aged%20garlic" title="aged garlic">aged garlic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nutritional%20values" title=" nutritional values"> nutritional values</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioactive%20properties" title=" bioactive properties"> bioactive properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fermentation" title=" fermentation"> fermentation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143777/exploring-the-biochemical-and-therapeutic-properties-of-aged-garlic" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143777.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">174</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">26</span> Family Values and Honest Attitudes in Pakistan: The Role of Tolerance and Justice Attitudes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Shoaib">Muhammad Shoaib</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of the study is to examine the effects of family values on honest attitudes by the mediation of tolerance attitudes and justice attitudes among family members. As many other developing settings, Pakistani society is undergoing a rapid and multifaceted social changes, in which traditional thinking coexists and often clashes with modern thinking. Family values have great effects on the honest attitudes among family members as well as all the members of Pakistani society. Tolerance attitudes, justice attitudes, personal experiences and modernity factors are contributing to the development of honest attitudes among family members. Family values attitudes enhance the concept of honesty feelings, fairness, and less thinking towards theft. For the present study 520 respondents were sampled from two urban areas of Punjab province; Lahore and Faisalabad, through proportionate random sampling technique. A survey method was used as a technique of data collection and an interview schedule was administered to collect information from the respondents. The results shows similar positive effects of tolerance and justice attitudes on honest attitude by the mediation of family values attitudes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=family%20values" title="family values">family values</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tolerance" title=" tolerance"> tolerance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=justice" title=" justice"> justice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=honesty" title=" honesty"> honesty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attitudes" title=" attitudes"> attitudes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pakistan" title=" Pakistan "> Pakistan </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15090/family-values-and-honest-attitudes-in-pakistan-the-role-of-tolerance-and-justice-attitudes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15090.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">446</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25</span> Evaluation of Trapping Efficiency of Slow Released Formulations of Methyl Eugenol with Lanolin Wax against Bactrocera zonata</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Waleed%20Afzal%20Naveed">Waleed Afzal Naveed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammd%20Dildar%20Gogi"> Muhammd Dildar Gogi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Sufian"> Muhammad Sufian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Amjad%20Ali"> Muhammad Amjad Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Junaid%20Nisar"> Muhammad Junaid Nisar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mubashar%20Iqbal"> Mubashar Iqbal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amna%20Jalal"> Amna Jalal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faisal%20Munir"> Faisal Munir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study was carried out to evaluate the performance of Slow-Released Formulations (SRF) of Methyl eugenol with Lanolin wax in orchard of the University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan against fruit flies. Lanolin wax was mixed with methyl eugenol in nine ratios (10:90, 20:80, 30:70, 40:60, 50:50, 60:40, 70:30, 80:20 and 90:10). The results revealed that SRFₗₗ-7 trapped 42.1 flies /day/trap, exhibited an attractancy index (AI) of 51.71%, proved strongly attractive SRFₗₗ for B. zonata and was categorized as Class-III slow-released formulation (AI > 50%). The SRFₗₗ-2, SRFₗₗ-3, SRFₗₗ-4, SRFₗₗ-5, SRFₗₗ-6, SRFₗₗ-8 and SRFₗₗ-9 trapped 17.7, 27.9, 32.3, 23.8, 28.3, 37.8 and 19.9 flies /day/trap, exhibited an attractancy index (AI) of 20.54%, 41.02%, 26.00%, 34.15%, 43.50%, 49.86% and 46.07% AI respectively, proved moderately attractive slow-released formulations for B. zonata and were categorized as Class-II slow-released formulations (AI = 11-50%). However, SRFₗₗ-1 trapped 14.8 flies /day/trap, exhibited 0.71% AI proved little or nonattractive slow-released formulation and was categorized as Class-I slow-released formulation for B. zonata (AI < 11%). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bactrocera%20zonata" title="Bactrocera zonata">Bactrocera zonata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slow-released%20formulation" title=" slow-released formulation"> slow-released formulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lenoline%20wax" title=" lenoline wax"> lenoline wax</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=methyl%20euginol" title=" methyl euginol"> methyl euginol</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97291/evaluation-of-trapping-efficiency-of-slow-released-formulations-of-methyl-eugenol-with-lanolin-wax-against-bactrocera-zonata" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97291.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">237</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">24</span> Trapping Efficiency of Highly Effective Slow Released Formulations of Biodegradable Waxes with Methyl Eugenol Against Bactrocera zonata </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Waleed%20Afzal%20Naveed">Waleed Afzal Naveed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammd%20Dildar%20Gogi"> Muhammd Dildar Gogi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mubashir%20Iqbal"> Mubashir Iqbal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Junaid%20Nisar"> Muhammad Junaid Nisar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Hamza%20Khaliq"> Muhammad Hamza Khaliq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faisal%20Munir"> Faisal Munir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Experiment was carried out to evaluate the performance of highly effective Slow-Released Formulations (SRF) of Methyl eugenol with Lanolin wax, Candellila wax, Bee-wax, Carnauba wax and paraffin wax in the orchard of University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan against fruit flies. The waxes were mixed with methyl eugenol in 1:9 ratio. The results revealed that SRF of Candellila, Paraffin, Bees and Carnauba wax attracted 13.77, 11, 8.15 and 7.23 flies/day/trap which was 2.6, 2, 1.5 and 1.4 times higher than standard respectively and exhibited 41.42%, 32.05%, 20.98% and 12.87% attractive index respectively, proved moderately attractive slow-released formulation to B. zonata and was catagorized as Class-II slow-released formulation (AI = 11-50%). However, SRF of Lanolin wax trapped 1.81 flies/day/trap which was 3 times less than standard and exhibited -61.86% attractive index proved little or non attractive slow-released formulation and was categorized as Class-I slow-released formulation for B. zonata (AI < 11%). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biodegradable%20waxes" title="biodegradable waxes">biodegradable waxes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slow-released%20formulation" title=" slow-released formulation"> slow-released formulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bactrocera%20zonata" title=" Bactrocera zonata"> Bactrocera zonata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=methyl%20euginol" title=" methyl euginol"> methyl euginol</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97345/trapping-efficiency-of-highly-effective-slow-released-formulations-of-biodegradable-waxes-with-methyl-eugenol-against-bactrocera-zonata" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97345.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">259</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">23</span> Causes and Implications of Obesity in Urban School Going Children</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Amjad">Mohammad Amjad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Iqbal%20Zafar"> Muhammad Iqbal Zafar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashfaq%20Ahmed%20Maan"> Ashfaq Ahmed Maan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Tayyab%20Kashif"> Muhammad Tayyab Kashif</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Obesity is an abnormal physical condition where an increased and undesirable fat accumulates in the human body. Obesity is an international phenomenon. In the present study, 12 schools were randomly selected from each district considering the areas i.e. Elite Private Schools in the private sector, Government schools in urban areas and Government schools in rural areas. Interviews were conducted with male students studying in grade 5 to grade 9 in each school. The sample size was 600 students; 300 from Faisalabad district and 300 from Rawalpindi district in Pakistan. A well-structured and pre-tested questionnaire was used for data collection. The calibrated scales were used to attain the heights and weights of the respondents. Obesity of school-going children depends on family types, family size, family history, junk food consumption, mother’s education, weekly time spent in walking, and sports facility at school levels. Academic performance, physical health and psychological health of school going children are affected with obesity. Concrete steps and policies could minimize the incidence of obesity in children in Pakistan. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=body%20mass%20index" title="body mass index">body mass index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cardiovascular%20disease" title=" cardiovascular disease"> cardiovascular disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fast%20food" title=" fast food"> fast food</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=morbidity" title=" morbidity"> morbidity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=overweight" title=" overweight"> overweight</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86313/causes-and-implications-of-obesity-in-urban-school-going-children" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86313.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">184</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">22</span> Association of Non Synonymous SNP in DC-SIGN Receptor Gene with Tuberculosis (Tb)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saima%20Suleman">Saima Suleman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kalsoom%20Sughra"> Kalsoom Sughra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naeem%20Mahmood%20Ashraf"> Naeem Mahmood Ashraf</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a communicable chronic illness. This disease is being highly focused by researchers as it is present approximately in one third of world population either in active or latent form. The genetic makeup of a person plays an important part in producing immunity against disease. And one important factor association is single nucleotide polymorphism of relevant gene. In this study, we have studied association between single nucleotide polymorphism of CD-209 gene (encode DC-SIGN receptor) and patients of tuberculosis. Dry lab (in silico) and wet lab (RFLP) analysis have been carried out. GWAS catalogue and GEO database have been searched to find out previous association data. No association study has been found related to CD-209 nsSNPs but role of CD-209 in pulmonary tuberculosis have been addressed in GEO database.Therefore, CD-209 has been selected for this study. Different databases like ENSEMBLE and 1000 Genome Project has been used to retrieve SNP data in form of VCF file which is further submitted to different software to sort SNPs into benign and deleterious. Selected SNPs are further annotated by using 3-D modeling techniques using I-TASSER online software. Furthermore, selected nsSNPs were checked in Gujrat and Faisalabad population through RFLP analysis. In this study population two SNPs are found to be associated with tuberculosis while one nsSNP is not found to be associated with the disease. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=association" title="association">association</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CD209" title=" CD209"> CD209</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DC-SIGN" title=" DC-SIGN"> DC-SIGN</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tuberculosis" title=" tuberculosis"> tuberculosis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58905/association-of-non-synonymous-snp-in-dc-sign-receptor-gene-with-tuberculosis-tb" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58905.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">309</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21</span> Varietal Screening of Watermelon against Powdery Mildew Disease and Its Management</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asim%20Abbasi">Asim Abbasi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amer%20Habib"> Amer Habib</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sajid%20Hussain"> Sajid Hussain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Sufyan"> Muhammad Sufyan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iqra"> Iqra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hasnain%20Sajjad"> Hasnain Sajjad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Except for few scattered cases, powdery mildew disease was not a big problem for watermelon in the past but with the outbreaks of its pathotypes, races 1W and 2W, this disease becomes a serious issue all around the globe. The severe outbreak of this disease also increased the rate of fungicide application for its proper management. Twelve varieties of watermelon were screened in Research Area of Department of Plant pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad to check the incidence of powdery mildew disease. Disease inoculum was prepared and applied with the help of foliar spray method. Fungicides and plants extracts were also applied after the disease incidence. Percentage leaf surface area diseased was assessed visually with a modified Horsfall-Barratt scale. The results of the experiment revealed that among all varieties, WT2257 and Zcugma F1 were highly resistant showing less than 5% disease incidence while Anar Kali and Sugar baby were highly susceptible with disease incidence of more than 65%. Among botanicals neem extract gave best results with disease incidence of less than 20%. Besides neem, all other botanicals also gave significant control of powdery mildew disease than the untreated check. In case of fungicides, Gemstar showed least disease incidence i.e. < 10%, however besides control maximum disease incidence was observed in Curzate (> 30%). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=botanicals" title="botanicals">botanicals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fungicides" title=" fungicides"> fungicides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pathotypes" title=" pathotypes"> pathotypes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=powdery%20mildew" title=" powdery mildew"> powdery mildew</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79893/varietal-screening-of-watermelon-against-powdery-mildew-disease-and-its-management" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79893.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">297</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20</span> Assesment of Trapping Efficiency of Slow Released Formulations of Methyl Euginol with Carnauba Wax against Bactrocera zonata</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Waleed%20Afzal%20Naveed">Waleed Afzal Naveed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammd%20Dildar%20Gogi"> Muhammd Dildar Gogi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Sufian"> Muhammad Sufian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Junaid%20Nisar"> Muhammad Junaid Nisar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mubashir%20Iqbal"> Mubashir Iqbal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hafiz%20Muhammad%20Waqas%20Amjad"> Hafiz Muhammad Waqas Amjad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Hamza%20Khaliq"> Muhammad Hamza Khaliq</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Present study was carried out to evaluate the performance of Slow-Released Formulations (SRF) of methyl eugenol with Carnauba wax in orchard of University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan against fruit flies. Carnauba wax was mixed with methyl eugenol in nine ratios (10:90, 20:80, 30:70, 40:60, 50:50, 60:40, 70:30, 80:20 and 90:10). The results revealed that SRFCN-9 trapped 35.3 flies/day/trap, exhibited an attractancy index (AI) of 50.35%, proved strongly attractive SRFCN for B. zonata and was categorized as Class-III slow-released formulation (Attractive Index > 50%). The SRFCN-1, SRFCN-2, SRFCN-3, SRFCN-4, SRFCN-5, SRFCN-6, SRFCN-7 and SRFCN-8 trapped 2.0, 5.3, 3.3, 4.0, 5.7, 12.0, 9.7 and 14.3 flies/day/trap respectively exhibited an attractancy index (AI) of -70.73%, -37.25%, -55.55%, -48.93%, -34.61%, 1.40%, -9.37% and 10.25% Attractive Index respectively, proved little or non attractive slow-released formulation and was categorized as Class-I slow-released formulation for B. zonata (Attractive Index < 11%). Results revealed that the Slow-Released Formulation containing 10% Carnauba wax with 90% methyl eugenol trapped maximum number of flies of over 30 days. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slow-released%20formulation" title="slow-released formulation">slow-released formulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bactrocera%20zonata" title=" Bactrocera zonata"> Bactrocera zonata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carnauba%20wax" title=" Carnauba wax"> Carnauba wax</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=methyl%20euginol" title=" methyl euginol"> methyl euginol</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97337/assesment-of-trapping-efficiency-of-slow-released-formulations-of-methyl-euginol-with-carnauba-wax-against-bactrocera-zonata" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97337.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">262</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19</span> Insect Diversity Assessment of Maize Crop (Zea mays L.) by Using Sweep Net, Pitfall Trap and Plant Inspection Methods </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Naeem%20Mushtaq">Muhammad Naeem Mushtaq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Arshad"> Muhammad Arshad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahid%20Majeed"> Shahid Majeed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Maize is known as queen of cereals because of its highest genetic yield potential and multipurpose characteristics in human being and animal diet. Maize crop visited by many major, minor, visitors and sporadic insect pests. This study was conducted during 2014 to evaluate the richness and evenness of these insect pests and their interaction with metrological conditions at University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. In this experiment, two localities were selected; one was treated with pesticide and second was untreated. Maize field visited by many insect pests. Those insect pests were collected by using three collection method: sweep net, pitfall trap and plant inspection. The data was collected weekly interval from August to October and statistically analyzed by using Shannon Index which showed the results of insect pest richness and evenness. The value of Shannon Index was higher with the increase in number of species and abundance of insects. Camponotus nearcticus was most abundant in sweep net and pitfall trap method while Rhopalosiphum maidis was abundant in plant inspection method. Temperature was negatively co-relate with the insect population in all three collection methods while the relative humidity and rainfall had varying results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=abundance" title="abundance">abundance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evenness" title=" evenness"> evenness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maize" title=" maize"> maize</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=richness" title=" richness"> richness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99026/insect-diversity-assessment-of-maize-crop-zea-mays-l-by-using-sweep-net-pitfall-trap-and-plant-inspection-methods" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99026.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">220</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18</span> Sustainable Improvement in Soil Properties and Maize Performance by Organic Fertilizers at Different Levels </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahid%20Iqbal">Shahid Iqbal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haroon%20Z.%20Khan"> Haroon Z. Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Arif"> Muhammad Arif</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A sustainable agricultural system involving the improvement in soil properties and crop performance cannot be developed without organic fertilizer use. The effects of poultry manure compost (PMC) and pressmud compost (PrMC) at different levels on improving the soil properties and maize performance has not been yet described by any study comprehensively. Thus, field experiments (2011 and 2012) were conducted at Agronomy Research Area, University of Agriculture Faisalabad (31°26'5" N and 73°4'6" E) in sandy loam soil to determine the improvement in soil properties and maize performance due to application of PMC and PrMC each at five different levels (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 t ha-1). A control (unamended) treatment was also included for comparison. The results indicated that performance of PMC levels was superior to PrMC levels. Increasing both composts levels improved soil properties, maize growth, and stover yield. Results showed that during both years’ highest rates of PMC i.e. 10 and 8 t ha-1 improved the soil properties: ECe, pH, inorganic N, OM, and WHC higher than other treatments. While, 10 and 8 t PMC ha-1 also significantly increased leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (CGR) and net assimilation rate (NAR), and stover yield. Similarly, 10 and 8 t PMC ha-1 also improved the grain protein content, but contrarily, grain oil was lowest for 10 and 8 t ha-1 PMC during both years. Moreover, in both years highest gross and net income, and benefit cost ratio was also achieved by 10 and 8 t ha-1 PMC. It is concluded that PMC at rate of 10 and 8 t ha-1 sustainably improved soil properties and maize performance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compost" title="compost">compost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil" title=" soil"> soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maize" title=" maize"> maize</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=growth" title=" growth"> growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=yield" title=" yield"> yield</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38623/sustainable-improvement-in-soil-properties-and-maize-performance-by-organic-fertilizers-at-different-levels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38623.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">364</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faisalabad&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faisalabad&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" 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