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href="#Patrilineal_descent"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Patrilineal descent</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Patrilineal_descent-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header 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</div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Robert I, Duke of Parma</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 26 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-26" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">26 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%82_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7" title="روبرت الأول دوق بارما – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="روبرت الأول دوق بارما" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE_I_%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD-%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Роберто I Бурбон-Пармски – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Роберто I Бурбон-Пармски" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberto_Ia%C3%B1_Parma" title="Roberto Iañ Parma – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Roberto Iañ Parma" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_I_de_Parma" title="Robert I de Parma – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Robert I de Parma" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_I._Parmsk%C3%BD" title="Robert I. Parmský – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Robert I. Parmský" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_1._af_Parma" title="Robert 1. af Parma – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Robert 1. af Parma" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_I._(Parma)" title="Robert I. (Parma) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Robert I. (Parma)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberto_I" title="Roberto I – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Roberto I" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%BF%CE%B2%CE%AD%CF%81%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%91%CE%84_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%A0%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Ροβέρτος Α΄ της Πάρμας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ροβέρτος Α΄ της Πάρμας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberto_I_de_Parma" title="Roberto I de Parma – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Roberto I de Parma" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Ier_(duc_de_Parme)" title="Robert Ier (duc de Parme) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Robert Ier (duc de Parme)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EB%A5%B4%EB%A7%88_%EA%B3%B5%EC%9E%91_%EB%A1%9C%EB%B2%A0%EB%A5%B4%ED%86%A0_1%EC%84%B8" title="파르마 공작 로베르토 1세 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="파르마 공작 로베르토 1세" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberto_I_di_Parma" title="Roberto I di Parma – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Roberto I di Parma" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%95_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%9F,_%D7%93%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%A1_%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%94" title="רוברטו הראשון, דוכס פארמה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רוברטו הראשון, דוכס פארמה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D_I_(%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%B0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AA%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%98)" title="რობერტო I (პარმის ჰერცოგი) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რობერტო I (პარმის ჰერცოგი)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/I._R%C3%B3bert_parmai_herceg" title="I. Róbert parmai herceg – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="I. Róbert parmai herceg" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%82_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7" title="روبرت الاول دوق بارما – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="روبرت الاول دوق بارما" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_I_van_Parma" title="Robert I van Parma – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Robert I van Parma" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AD%E3%83%99%E3%83%AB%E3%83%881%E4%B8%96_(%E3%83%91%E3%83%AB%E3%83%9E%E5%85%AC)" title="ロベルト1世 (パルマ公) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ロベルト1世 (パルマ公)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_I_Parme%C5%84ski" title="Robert I Parmeński – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Robert I Parmeński" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberto_I,_Duque_de_Parma" title="Roberto I, Duque de Parma – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Roberto I, Duque de Parma" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_I,_Duce_de_Parma" title="Robert I, Duce de Parma – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Robert I, Duce de Parma" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_I_(%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%B3_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9)" title="Роберт I (герцог Пармский) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Роберт I (герцог Пармский)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_I_av_Parma" title="Robert I av Parma – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Robert I av Parma" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_I_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Роберт I Пармський – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Роберт I Пармський" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E8%B4%9D%E6%89%98%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96_(%E5%B8%95%E5%B0%94%E9%A9%AC)" title="罗贝托一世 (帕尔马) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="罗贝托一世 (帕尔马)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Duke of Parma and Piacenza from 1854 to 1859</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Robert I</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:1848_Robert-05.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/1848_Robert-05.jpg/220px-1848_Robert-05.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="272" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/1848_Robert-05.jpg/330px-1848_Robert-05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/1848_Robert-05.jpg 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="433" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;">Duke Robert I in 1900</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Parma_and_Piacenza" class="mw-redirect" title="Duke of Parma and Piacenza">Duke of Parma and Piacenza</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">27 March 1854 – 9 June 1859</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Charles_III,_Duke_of_Parma" title="Charles III, Duke of Parma">Charles III</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Regent</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Louise_Marie_Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_d%27Artois" class="mw-redirect" title="Louise Marie Thérèse d'Artois">Louise Marie Thérèse d'Artois</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon-Parma#Nominal_Dukes_of_Parma_(since_1859)" title="House of Bourbon-Parma">Head of the House of Bourbon-Parma</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Tenure</th><td class="infobox-data">9 June 1859 – 16 November 1907</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Henry,_Duke_of_Parma" title="Henry, Duke of Parma">Henry</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1848-07-09</span>)</span>9 July 1848<br /><a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany" title="Grand Duchy of Tuscany">Tuscany</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">16 November 1907<span style="display:none">(1907-11-16)</span> (aged 59)<br /><a href="/wiki/Viareggio" title="Viareggio">Viareggio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Italy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Princess_Maria_Pia_of_Bourbon-Two_Sicilies_(1849%E2%80%931882)" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Maria Pia of Bourbon-Two Sicilies (1849–1882)">Princess Maria Pia of Bourbon-Two Sicilies</a><br /></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="5 April 1869">1869</span>; died <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="29 September 1882">1882</span>)<wbr /></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Infanta_Maria_Antonia_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Infanta Maria Antonia of Portugal">Infanta Maria Antonia of Portugal</a><br /></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="15 October 1884">1884</span>)<wbr /></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Issue_(genealogy)" title="Issue (genealogy)">Issue</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal"><i><a href="#Marriages_and_issue">more...</a></i></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Princess_Marie_Louise_of_Bourbon-Parma" title="Princess Marie Louise of Bourbon-Parma">Marie Louise, Princess of Bulgaria</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Henry,_Duke_of_Parma" title="Henry, Duke of Parma">Henry, Duke of Parma</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Joseph,_Duke_of_Parma" title="Joseph, Duke of Parma">Joseph, Duke of Parma</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Elias,_Duke_of_Parma" title="Elias, Duke of Parma">Elias, Duke of Parma</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Prince_Sixtus_of_Bourbon-Parma" title="Prince Sixtus of Bourbon-Parma">Prince Sixtus</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Prince_Xavier_of_Bourbon-Parma" title="Prince Xavier of Bourbon-Parma">Xavier, Duke of Parma</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Zita_of_Bourbon-Parma" title="Zita of Bourbon-Parma">Zita, Empress of Austria</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Prince_Felix_of_Bourbon-Parma" title="Prince Felix of Bourbon-Parma">Felix, Prince consort of Luxembourg</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Prince_Ren%C3%A9_of_Bourbon-Parma" title="Prince René of Bourbon-Parma">Prince René</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Prince_Gaetano_of_Bourbon-Parma" title="Prince Gaetano of Bourbon-Parma">Prince Gaetano</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">House</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon-Parma" title="House of Bourbon-Parma">Bourbon-Parma</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Charles_III,_Duke_of_Parma" title="Charles III, Duke of Parma">Charles III, Duke of Parma</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mother</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Louise_Marie_Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_d%27Artois" class="mw-redirect" title="Louise Marie Thérèse d'Artois">Louise Marie Thérèse d'Artois</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Robert I</b> (Italian: <i>Roberto Carlo Luigi Maria</i>) (French: <i>Robert Charles Louis Marie</i>) ; 9 July 1848 – 16 November 1907) was the last sovereign <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Parma" title="Duke of Parma">Duke of Parma and Piacenza</a> from 1854 until 1859, when the duchy was annexed to <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sardinia_(1720%E2%80%931861)" title="Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861)">Sardinia-Piedmont</a> during the <i><a href="/wiki/Italian_unification" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian unification">Risorgimento</a></i>. He was a member of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon-Parma" title="House of Bourbon-Parma">House of Bourbon-Parma</a> and descended from <a href="/wiki/Philip,_Duke_of_Parma" title="Philip, Duke of Parma">Philip, Duke of Parma</a>, the third son of <a href="/wiki/Philip_V_of_Spain" title="Philip V of Spain">King Philip V of Spain</a> and <a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_Farnese" title="Elisabeth Farnese">Queen Elisabeth Farnese</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_I,_Duke_of_Parma&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Louise_d%27Artois_with_her_son_Roberto_I_as_Regent_of_Parma.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Louise_d%27Artois_with_her_son_Roberto_I_as_Regent_of_Parma.jpg/170px-Louise_d%27Artois_with_her_son_Roberto_I_as_Regent_of_Parma.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Louise_d%27Artois_with_her_son_Roberto_I_as_Regent_of_Parma.jpg/255px-Louise_d%27Artois_with_her_son_Roberto_I_as_Regent_of_Parma.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Louise_d%27Artois_with_her_son_Roberto_I_as_Regent_of_Parma.jpg/340px-Louise_d%27Artois_with_her_son_Roberto_I_as_Regent_of_Parma.jpg 2x" data-file-width="868" data-file-height="1170" /></a><figcaption>Robert I as <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Parma" title="Duke of Parma">Duke of Parma</a> with his mother <a href="/wiki/Louise_Marie_Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_d%27Artois" class="mw-redirect" title="Louise Marie Thérèse d'Artois">Louise Marie Thérèse</a> in 1854.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_life">Early life</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_I,_Duke_of_Parma&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Born in <a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a>, Robert was the elder son of <a href="/wiki/Charles_III,_Duke_of_Parma" title="Charles III, Duke of Parma">Charles III, Duke of Parma</a> and <a href="/wiki/Louise_Marie_Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_d%27Artois" class="mw-redirect" title="Louise Marie Thérèse d'Artois">Louise Marie Thérèse d'Artois</a>, daughter of <a href="/wiki/Charles_Ferdinand,_duc_de_Berry" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Ferdinand, duc de Berry">Charles Ferdinand, duc de Berry</a> and granddaughter of King <a href="/wiki/Charles_X_of_France" title="Charles X of France">Charles X of France</a>. He succeeded his father to the ducal throne in 1854 upon the latter's assassination, when he was only six, while his mother stood as regent. The duchess initially dismissed some of her unpopular husband's most reactionary advisers, but was surprised by the <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Mazzini" title="Giuseppe Mazzini">Mazzini uprisings</a> in July 1854 and then reverted to a harshly repressive policy that continued until the <a href="/wiki/Second_Italian_War_of_Independence" title="Second Italian War of Independence">Second Italian War of Independence</a>. </p><p>When Robert was eleven years old, he was deposed, as Piedmontese troops annexed other Italian states, ultimately to form the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Kingdom of Italy</a>. Despite losing his throne, Robert and his family enjoyed considerable wealth, traveling in a private train of more than a dozen cars from his castles at Schwarzau am Steinfeld near <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>, to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Villa_Pianore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Villa Pianore (page does not exist)">Villa Pianore</a> in northwest Italy, and the magnificent <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Chambord" title="Château de Chambord">Château de Chambord</a> in France. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Death_and_legacy">Death and legacy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_I,_Duke_of_Parma&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Death and legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Less than four months after Robert's death in November 1907, the Grand Marshal of the Austrian court declared six of the children of his first marriage legally incompetent (they had severe <a href="/wiki/Intellectual_disability" title="Intellectual disability">intellectual disabilities</a>), at the behest of his widow, Maria Antonia. Nonetheless, Robert's primary heir was his son <a href="/wiki/Elias,_Duke_of_Parma" title="Elias, Duke of Parma">Elias</a>, the youngest son of his first marriage and the only one of his sons by that marriage to beget children of his own. Elias also became the legal guardian of his six elder siblings. While Elias had eight children, seven of whom lived to advanced age, only <a href="/wiki/Infanta_Alicia,_Duchess_of_Calabria" title="Infanta Alicia, Duchess of Calabria">one of them</a> ever married; she had three children. </p><p>The two eldest sons of Robert's second marriage, Sixte and Xavier, eventually sued their older half-brother Elias for trying to obtain a greater share of the ducal fortune. They lost in the French courts, leaving the children of Robert's second marriage with very modest wealth, and the need to earn a living; some of his younger sons served in the Austrian armed forces. Nevertheless, two of the children born of the second marriage made extraordinary marriages: <a href="/wiki/Prince_Felix_of_Bourbon-Parma" title="Prince Felix of Bourbon-Parma">Felix</a> married <a href="/wiki/Charlotte,_Grand_Duchess_of_Luxembourg" title="Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg">the grand-duchess of Luxembourg</a> shortly after her accession and is the grandfather of <a href="/wiki/Henri,_Grand_Duke_of_Luxembourg" title="Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg">the present duke</a>. <a href="/wiki/Zita_of_Bourbon-Parma" title="Zita of Bourbon-Parma">Zita</a> married the <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_Austria" title="Charles I of Austria">last Emperor of Austria</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Karl_von_Habsburg" title="Karl von Habsburg">present claimant</a> is her grandson. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Marriages_and_issue">Marriages and issue</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_I,_Duke_of_Parma&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Marriages and issue"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 5 April 1869, while in exile in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, he married <a href="/wiki/Princess_Maria_Pia_of_Bourbon-Two_Sicilies_(1849%E2%80%931882)" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Maria Pia of Bourbon-Two Sicilies (1849–1882)">Princess Maria Pia of Bourbon-Two Sicilies</a> (1849–1882), daughter of King <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies">Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies</a>. She was his half first cousin once removed, as her father (Ferdinand II) and Robert's maternal grandmother (<a href="/wiki/Princess_Caroline_Ferdinande_of_Bourbon-Two_Sicilies" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Caroline Ferdinande of Bourbon-Two Sicilies">Princess Caroline Ferdinande of Bourbon-Two Sicilies</a>) were half-siblings, both being children of <a href="/wiki/Francis_I_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Francis I of the Two Sicilies">Francis I of the Two Sicilies</a>. </p><p>Maria Pia belonged to the deposed royal family of the Kingdom of Two Sicilies and was thus a Bourbon, like her husband. She gave birth to 12 children, many of whom had <a href="/wiki/Intellectual_disabilities" class="mw-redirect" title="Intellectual disabilities">intellectual disabilities</a>, before dying in childbirth: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th>Name</th> <th>Birth</th> <th>Death</th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Maria_Louise_of_Bourbon-Parma_Princess_of_Bulgaria.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Maria_Louise_of_Bourbon-Parma_Princess_of_Bulgaria.jpg/90px-Maria_Louise_of_Bourbon-Parma_Princess_of_Bulgaria.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Maria_Louise_of_Bourbon-Parma_Princess_of_Bulgaria.jpg/135px-Maria_Louise_of_Bourbon-Parma_Princess_of_Bulgaria.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Maria_Louise_of_Bourbon-Parma_Princess_of_Bulgaria.jpg/179px-Maria_Louise_of_Bourbon-Parma_Princess_of_Bulgaria.jpg 2x" data-file-width="396" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Princess_Marie_Louise_of_Bourbon-Parma" title="Princess Marie Louise of Bourbon-Parma">Princess Maria Luisa</a></td> <td>17 January 1870</td> <td>31 January 1899<span style="display:none">(1899-01-31)</span> (aged 29)</td> <td>Married <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_Bulgaria" title="Ferdinand I of Bulgaria">Ferdinand I, Prince of Bulgaria</a> (later Tsar) and had issue. </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Ferdinando, Prince of Piacenza</td> <td>5 March 1871</td> <td>14 April 1871<span style="display:none">(1871-04-14)</span> (aged 0)</td> <td>Heir of Parma in 1871. Died in infancy. </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Princess Luisa Maria</td> <td>24 March 1872</td> <td>22 June 1943<span style="display:none">(1943-06-22)</span> (aged 71)</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Henry,_Duke_of_Parma_titular.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Henry%2C_Duke_of_Parma_titular.png/90px-Henry%2C_Duke_of_Parma_titular.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Henry%2C_Duke_of_Parma_titular.png/135px-Henry%2C_Duke_of_Parma_titular.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Henry%2C_Duke_of_Parma_titular.png/180px-Henry%2C_Duke_of_Parma_titular.png 2x" data-file-width="1316" data-file-height="1682" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Henry,_Duke_of_Parma" title="Henry, Duke of Parma">Henry, Duke of Parma</a></td> <td>13 June 1873</td> <td>16 November 1939<span style="display:none">(1939-11-16)</span> (aged 66)</td> <td>Titular pretender of Parma 1907-1939. From 1907 (his father's death), his brother Elias took up the role as head of the family, although Henry continued to be considered the nominal pretender to the ducal throne. He held the title till his death. </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Princess Maria Immacolata</td> <td>21 July 1874</td> <td>16 May 1914<span style="display:none">(1914-05-16)</span> (aged 39)</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Joseph,_Duke_of_Parma_titular.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Joseph%2C_Duke_of_Parma_titular.png/90px-Joseph%2C_Duke_of_Parma_titular.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Joseph%2C_Duke_of_Parma_titular.png/135px-Joseph%2C_Duke_of_Parma_titular.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/Joseph%2C_Duke_of_Parma_titular.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="212" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Joseph,_Duke_of_Parma" title="Joseph, Duke of Parma">Joseph, Duke of Parma</a></td> <td>30 June 1875</td> <td>7 January 1950<span style="display:none">(1950-01-07)</span> (aged 74)</td> <td>Titular pretender of Parma 1939-1950. His brother Elias continued the role as head of the family as he had done with their brother Henry. </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Princess Maria Teresa</td> <td>15 October 1876</td> <td>25 January 1959<span style="display:none">(1959-01-25)</span> (aged 82)</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Princess Maria Pia</td> <td>9 October 1877</td> <td>29 January 1915<span style="display:none">(1915-01-29)</span> (aged 37)</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Princess_Beatrice_of_Bourbon-Parma,_Countess_Lucchesi-Palli.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Princess_Beatrice_of_Bourbon-Parma%2C_Countess_Lucchesi-Palli.jpg/90px-Princess_Beatrice_of_Bourbon-Parma%2C_Countess_Lucchesi-Palli.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Princess_Beatrice_of_Bourbon-Parma%2C_Countess_Lucchesi-Palli.jpg/135px-Princess_Beatrice_of_Bourbon-Parma%2C_Countess_Lucchesi-Palli.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Princess_Beatrice_of_Bourbon-Parma%2C_Countess_Lucchesi-Palli.jpg/180px-Princess_Beatrice_of_Bourbon-Parma%2C_Countess_Lucchesi-Palli.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="847" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td>Princess Beatrice</td> <td>9 January 1879</td> <td>11 March 1946<span style="display:none">(1946-03-11)</span> (aged 67)</td> <td>Married Count Pietro Lucchesi-Palli (a grandson of <a href="/wiki/Princess_Caroline_of_Naples_and_Sicily" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Caroline of Naples and Sicily">Princess Caroline of Naples and Sicily</a> and her second husband) and had issue. </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:ELIAS_OF_BORBON,_DUKE_OF_PARMA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/ELIAS_OF_BORBON%2C_DUKE_OF_PARMA.jpg/90px-ELIAS_OF_BORBON%2C_DUKE_OF_PARMA.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/ELIAS_OF_BORBON%2C_DUKE_OF_PARMA.jpg/134px-ELIAS_OF_BORBON%2C_DUKE_OF_PARMA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/ELIAS_OF_BORBON%2C_DUKE_OF_PARMA.jpg/179px-ELIAS_OF_BORBON%2C_DUKE_OF_PARMA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="265" data-file-height="378" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Elias,_Duke_of_Parma" title="Elias, Duke of Parma">Elias, Duke of Parma</a></td> <td>23 July 1880</td> <td>27 June 1959<span style="display:none">(1959-06-27)</span> (aged 78)</td> <td>Titular pretender of Parma 1950–1959. Married <a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Maria_Anna_of_Austria_(1882%E2%80%931940)" class="mw-redirect" title="Archduchess Maria Anna of Austria (1882–1940)">Archduchess Maria Anna of Austria</a> and had issue. Last surviving child of his father's first marriage. </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Princess Maria Anastasia</td> <td>25 August 1881</td> <td>7 September 1881<span style="display:none">(1881-09-07)</span> (aged 0)</td> <td>Died in infancy. </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Prince Augusto</td> <td>22 September 1882</td> <td>22 September 1882<span style="display:none">(1882-09-22)</span> (aged 0)</td> <td>(stillborn). Maria Pia died giving birth to this child.<sup id="cite_ref-Willis_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Willis-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>After his first wife's death in childbirth, he remarried on 15 October 1884 to <a href="/wiki/Infanta_Maria_Antonia_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Infanta Maria Antonia of Portugal">Infanta Maria Antonia of Portugal</a>, daughter of the deposed King <a href="/wiki/Miguel_I_of_Portugal" title="Miguel I of Portugal">Miguel I of Portugal</a> and his wife, <a href="/wiki/Adelaide_of_L%C3%B6wenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg" title="Adelaide of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg">Adelaide of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg</a>. Maria Antonia was his second cousin once removed, as her paternal grandmother (<a href="/wiki/Charlotte_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Charlotte of Spain">Charlotte of Spain</a>) and Robert's paternal great-grandmother (<a href="/wiki/Maria_Louisa,_Duchess_of_Lucca" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria Louisa, Duchess of Lucca">Maria Luisa of Spain</a>) were siblings, both being children of <a href="/wiki/Charles_IV_of_Spain" title="Charles IV of Spain">Charles IV of Spain</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maria_Luisa_of_Parma" title="Maria Luisa of Parma">Maria Luisa of Parma</a>. She had another 12 children: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th>Name</th> <th>Birth</th> <th>Death</th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Princess Maria Adelaide</td> <td>5 August 1885</td> <td>6 February 1959<span style="display:none">(1959-02-06)</span> (aged 73)</td> <td>A Benedictine nun at <a href="/wiki/St._Cecilia%27s_Abbey,_Solesmes" title="St. Cecilia's Abbey, Solesmes">St. Cecilia's Abbey, Solesmes</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Prince_Sixtus_of_Bourbon-Parma.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Prince_Sixtus_of_Bourbon-Parma.jpg/90px-Prince_Sixtus_of_Bourbon-Parma.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Prince_Sixtus_of_Bourbon-Parma.jpg/135px-Prince_Sixtus_of_Bourbon-Parma.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Prince_Sixtus_of_Bourbon-Parma.jpg/180px-Prince_Sixtus_of_Bourbon-Parma.jpg 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="388" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Prince_Sixtus_of_Bourbon-Parma" title="Prince Sixtus of Bourbon-Parma">Prince Sixtus</a></td> <td>1 August 1886</td> <td>14 March 1934<span style="display:none">(1934-03-14)</span> (aged 47)</td> <td>Married Duchess Hedwige de La Rochefoucauld and had a daughter, Isabelle. </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Prinses_Madeleine,_prins_Xavier_en_Marie_des_Neiges_van_Bourbon-Parma_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Prinses_Madeleine%2C_prins_Xavier_en_Marie_des_Neiges_van_Bourbon-Parma_%28cropped%29.jpg/90px-Prinses_Madeleine%2C_prins_Xavier_en_Marie_des_Neiges_van_Bourbon-Parma_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Prinses_Madeleine%2C_prins_Xavier_en_Marie_des_Neiges_van_Bourbon-Parma_%28cropped%29.jpg/135px-Prinses_Madeleine%2C_prins_Xavier_en_Marie_des_Neiges_van_Bourbon-Parma_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Prinses_Madeleine%2C_prins_Xavier_en_Marie_des_Neiges_van_Bourbon-Parma_%28cropped%29.jpg/180px-Prinses_Madeleine%2C_prins_Xavier_en_Marie_des_Neiges_van_Bourbon-Parma_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="219" data-file-height="304" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Prince_Xavier_of_Bourbon-Parma" title="Prince Xavier of Bourbon-Parma">Xavier, Duke of Parma</a></td> <td>25 May 1889</td> <td>7 May 1977<span style="display:none">(1977-05-07)</span> (aged 87)</td> <td>Titular pretender of Parma 1974–1977. Married Countess <a href="/wiki/Madeleine_de_Bourbon-Busset" title="Madeleine de Bourbon-Busset">Madeleine de Bourbon-Busset</a> and had issue. <a href="/wiki/Carlism" title="Carlism">Carlist</a> pretender to the throne of Spain. </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Princess Francesca</td> <td>22 April 1890</td> <td>7 October 1978<span style="display:none">(1978-10-07)</span> (aged 88)</td> <td>A Benedictine nun at <a href="/wiki/St._Cecilia%27s_Abbey,_Solesmes" title="St. Cecilia's Abbey, Solesmes">St. Cecilia's Abbey, Solesmes</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Empress_Zita_of_Austria_-_Hungary.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Empress_Zita_of_Austria_-_Hungary.jpg/90px-Empress_Zita_of_Austria_-_Hungary.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Empress_Zita_of_Austria_-_Hungary.jpg/135px-Empress_Zita_of_Austria_-_Hungary.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Empress_Zita_of_Austria_-_Hungary.jpg/180px-Empress_Zita_of_Austria_-_Hungary.jpg 2x" data-file-width="539" data-file-height="707" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zita_of_Bourbon-Parma" title="Zita of Bourbon-Parma">Princess Zita</a></td> <td>9 May 1892</td> <td>14 March 1989<span style="display:none">(1989-03-14)</span> (aged 96)</td> <td>Married Emperor <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_Austria" title="Charles I of Austria">Charles I of Austria</a>. Last surviving child of her father's two marriages. </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Hermann_Clemens_Kosel_-_Photograph_of_Prince_F%C3%A9lix_of_Bourbon-Parma_(1916).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Hermann_Clemens_Kosel_-_Photograph_of_Prince_F%C3%A9lix_of_Bourbon-Parma_%281916%29.jpg/90px-Hermann_Clemens_Kosel_-_Photograph_of_Prince_F%C3%A9lix_of_Bourbon-Parma_%281916%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Hermann_Clemens_Kosel_-_Photograph_of_Prince_F%C3%A9lix_of_Bourbon-Parma_%281916%29.jpg/135px-Hermann_Clemens_Kosel_-_Photograph_of_Prince_F%C3%A9lix_of_Bourbon-Parma_%281916%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Hermann_Clemens_Kosel_-_Photograph_of_Prince_F%C3%A9lix_of_Bourbon-Parma_%281916%29.jpg/180px-Hermann_Clemens_Kosel_-_Photograph_of_Prince_F%C3%A9lix_of_Bourbon-Parma_%281916%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="612" data-file-height="831" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Prince_Felix_of_Bourbon-Parma" title="Prince Felix of Bourbon-Parma">Prince Felix</a></td> <td>28 October 1893</td> <td>8 April 1970<span style="display:none">(1970-04-08)</span> (aged 76)</td> <td>Married Grand Duchess <a href="/wiki/Charlotte_of_Luxembourg" class="mw-redirect" title="Charlotte of Luxembourg">Charlotte of Luxembourg</a>, his first cousin (their mothers were sisters), and had issue, including <a href="/wiki/Jean,_Grand_Duke_of_Luxembourg" title="Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg">Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Hermann_Clemens_Kosel_-_Photograph_of_Prince_Renato_of_Bourbon-Parma_(1917).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Hermann_Clemens_Kosel_-_Photograph_of_Prince_Renato_of_Bourbon-Parma_%281917%29.jpg/90px-Hermann_Clemens_Kosel_-_Photograph_of_Prince_Renato_of_Bourbon-Parma_%281917%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Hermann_Clemens_Kosel_-_Photograph_of_Prince_Renato_of_Bourbon-Parma_%281917%29.jpg/135px-Hermann_Clemens_Kosel_-_Photograph_of_Prince_Renato_of_Bourbon-Parma_%281917%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Hermann_Clemens_Kosel_-_Photograph_of_Prince_Renato_of_Bourbon-Parma_%281917%29.jpg/180px-Hermann_Clemens_Kosel_-_Photograph_of_Prince_Renato_of_Bourbon-Parma_%281917%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="584" data-file-height="830" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Prince_Ren%C3%A9_of_Bourbon-Parma" title="Prince René of Bourbon-Parma">Prince René</a></td> <td>17 October 1894</td> <td>30 July 1962<span style="display:none">(1962-07-30)</span> (aged 67)</td> <td>Married <a href="/wiki/Princess_Margrethe_of_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Margrethe of Denmark">Princess Margrethe of Denmark</a> and had issue, including Queen <a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Romania" title="Anne of Romania">Anne of Romania</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Princess Maria Antonia</td> <td>7 November 1895</td> <td>19 October 1977<span style="display:none">(1977-10-19)</span> (aged 81)</td> <td>A Benedictine nun at <a href="/wiki/St._Cecilia%27s_Abbey,_Solesmes" title="St. Cecilia's Abbey, Solesmes">St. Cecilia's Abbey, Solesmes</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Princess Isabella</td> <td>14 June 1898</td> <td>28 July 1984<span style="display:none">(1984-07-28)</span> (aged 86)</td> <td>Died unmarried. </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Prince_Luigi_of_Parma.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Prince_Luigi_of_Parma.jpg/90px-Prince_Luigi_of_Parma.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Prince_Luigi_of_Parma.jpg/135px-Prince_Luigi_of_Parma.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Prince_Luigi_of_Parma.jpg/180px-Prince_Luigi_of_Parma.jpg 2x" data-file-width="476" data-file-height="728" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td>Prince Luigi</td> <td>5 December 1899</td> <td>4 December 1967<span style="display:none">(1967-12-04)</span> (aged 67)</td> <td>Married <a href="/wiki/Princess_Maria_Francesca_of_Savoy" title="Princess Maria Francesca of Savoy">Princess Maria Francesca of Savoy</a> and had issue. </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Princess Henrietta Anna</td> <td>8 March 1903</td> <td>13 June 1987<span style="display:none">(1987-06-13)</span> (aged 84)</td> <td>Died unmarried. </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Prince_Gaetano_of_Bourbon-Parma" title="Prince Gaetano of Bourbon-Parma">Prince Gaetano</a></td> <td>11 June 1905</td> <td>9 March 1958<span style="display:none">(1958-03-09)</span> (aged 52)</td> <td>Married <a href="/wiki/Princess_Margarete_of_Thurn_and_Taxis" title="Princess Margarete of Thurn and Taxis">Princess Margarete of Thurn and Taxis</a>, daughter of <a href="/wiki/Alessandro,_1st_Duke_of_Castel_Duino" title="Alessandro, 1st Duke of Castel Duino">Alessandro, 1st Duke of Castel Duino</a>. They had a daughter, <a href="/wiki/Princess_Diana_of_Bourbon-Parma" title="Princess Diana of Bourbon-Parma">Diana</a> (who married Prince Franz Joseph, son of <a href="/wiki/Frederick,_Prince_of_Hohenzollern" title="Frederick, Prince of Hohenzollern">Frederick, Prince of Hohenzollern</a>) and later divorced. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honours">Honours</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_I,_Duke_of_Parma&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Honours"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_the_Duchy_of_Parma.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Duchy_of_Parma.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_the_Duchy_of_Parma.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Duchy_of_Parma.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_the_Duchy_of_Parma.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Duchy_of_Parma.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Parma" class="mw-redirect" title="Duchy of Parma">Duchy of Parma</a>: Grand Prefect of the <a href="/wiki/Sacred_Military_Constantinian_Order_of_Saint_George" title="Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George">Sacred Military Constantinian Order of St. George</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>: Knight of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Golden_Fleece" title="Order of the Golden Fleece">Order of the Golden Fleece</a>, <i>19 January 1854</i><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/State_Flag_of_the_Duchy_of_Modena_and_Reggio_%281830-1859%29.svg/23px-State_Flag_of_the_Duchy_of_Modena_and_Reggio_%281830-1859%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/State_Flag_of_the_Duchy_of_Modena_and_Reggio_%281830-1859%29.svg/35px-State_Flag_of_the_Duchy_of_Modena_and_Reggio_%281830-1859%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/State_Flag_of_the_Duchy_of_Modena_and_Reggio_%281830-1859%29.svg/45px-State_Flag_of_the_Duchy_of_Modena_and_Reggio_%281830-1859%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Modena_and_Reggio" title="Duchy of Modena and Reggio">Duchy of Modena and Reggio</a>: Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Eagle_of_Este" title="Order of the Eagle of Este">Order of the Eagle of Este</a>, <i>1856</i><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_Bavaria_%28striped%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bavaria_%28striped%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_Bavaria_%28striped%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bavaria_%28striped%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_Bavaria_%28striped%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bavaria_%28striped%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bavaria" title="Kingdom of Bavaria">Kingdom of Bavaria</a>: Knight of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_St._Hubert" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of St. Hubert">Order of St. Hubert</a>, <i>1897</i><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Hessen_ohne_Wappen.svg/19px-Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Hessen_ohne_Wappen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Hessen_ohne_Wappen.svg/29px-Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Hessen_ohne_Wappen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Hessen_ohne_Wappen.svg/38px-Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Hessen_ohne_Wappen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Hesse" title="Grand Duchy of Hesse">Grand Duchy of Hesse</a>: Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Order" title="Ludwig Order">Ludwig Order</a>, <i>9 November 1899</i><sup id="cite_ref-ordensliste_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ordensliste-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg/23px-Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg/35px-Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg/45px-Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">Kingdom of France</a>: Knight of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Holy_Spirit" title="Order of the Holy Spirit">Order of the Holy Spirit</a>, <i>unknown date</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ancestry">Ancestry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_I,_Duke_of_Parma&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Ancestry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886387087">.mw-parser-output table.ahnentafel{border-collapse:separate;border-spacing:0;line-height:130%}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel tr{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel-t{border-top:#000 solid 1px;border-left:#000 solid 1px}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel-b{border-bottom:#000 solid 1px;border-left:#000 solid 1px}</style><div class="noresize"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="margin:0.3em auto;clear:none;min-width:60em;width:auto;font-size:88%;border:1px solid #aaa"><tbody><tr><th style="padding:0.2em 0.3em 0.2em 4.3em;background:none;color:inherit;width:auto">Ancestors of Robert I, Duke of Parma</th></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center"><table class="ahnentafel" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="60" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="29"> </td><td rowspan="28" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="13"> </td><td rowspan="12" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="5"> </td><td rowspan="4" colspan="2"> </td><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #9fe;">16. <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand,_Duke_of_Parma" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferdinand, Duke of Parma">Ferdinand, Duke of Parma</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">8. <a href="/wiki/Louis_I_of_Etruria" title="Louis I of Etruria">Louis I of Etruria</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #9fe;">17. <a href="/wiki/Maria_Amalia,_Duchess_of_Parma" title="Maria Amalia, Duchess of Parma">Maria Amalia of Austria</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">4. <a href="/wiki/Charles_II,_Duke_of_Parma" title="Charles II, Duke of Parma">Charles II, Duke of Parma</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #9fe;">18. <a href="/wiki/Charles_IV_of_Spain" title="Charles IV of Spain">Charles IV of Spain</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">9. <a href="/wiki/Maria_Luisa,_Duchess_of_Lucca" title="Maria Luisa, Duchess of Lucca">Maria Luisa, Duchess of Lucca</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #9fe;">19. <a href="/wiki/Maria_Luisa_of_Parma" title="Maria Luisa of Parma">Maria Luisa of Parma</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #fb9;">2. <a href="/wiki/Charles_III,_Duke_of_Parma" title="Charles III, Duke of Parma">Charles III, Duke of Parma</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="11"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="31" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="30" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #9fe;">20. <a href="/wiki/Victor_Amadeus_III_of_Sardinia" class="mw-redirect" title="Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia">Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">10. <a href="/wiki/Victor_Emmanuel_I_of_Sardinia" class="mw-redirect" title="Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia">Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #9fe;">21. <a href="/wiki/Maria_Antonia_Ferdinanda_of_Spain" title="Maria Antonia Ferdinanda of Spain">Maria Antonia Ferdinanda of Spain</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">5. <a href="/wiki/Maria_Teresa_of_Savoy_(1803%E2%80%931879)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria Teresa of Savoy (1803–1879)">Maria Theresa of Savoy</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="15"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #9fe;">22. <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand,_Duke_of_Breisgau" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferdinand, Duke of Breisgau">Ferdinand Karl, Archduke of Austria-Este</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">11. <a href="/wiki/Maria_Theresa_of_Austria-Este,_Queen_of_Sardinia" title="Maria Theresa of Austria-Este, Queen of Sardinia">Maria Theresa of Austria-Este</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #9fe;">23. <a href="/wiki/Maria_Beatrice_d%27Este,_Duchess_of_Massa" title="Maria Beatrice d'Este, Duchess of Massa">Maria Beatrice d'Este, Duchess of Massa</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #fcc;">1. <b>Robert I, Duke of Parma</b></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="15"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="60" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="31" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="30" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="15"> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #9fe;">24. <a href="/wiki/Louis,_Dauphin_of_France_(son_of_Louis_XV)" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis, Dauphin of France (son of Louis XV)">Louis, Dauphin of France</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">12. <a href="/wiki/Charles_X_of_France" title="Charles X of France">Charles X of France</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #9fe;">25. <a href="/wiki/Maria_Josepha_of_Saxony,_Dauphine_of_France" title="Maria Josepha of Saxony, Dauphine of France">Maria Josepha of Saxony</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">6. <a href="/wiki/Charles_Ferdinand,_Duke_of_Berry" title="Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry">Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #9fe;">26. <a href="/wiki/Victor_Amadeus_III_of_Sardinia" class="mw-redirect" title="Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia">Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia</a> (= 20)</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">13. <a href="/wiki/Maria_Theresa_of_Savoy" title="Maria Theresa of Savoy">Maria Theresa of Savoy</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #9fe;">27. <a href="/wiki/Maria_Antonia_Ferdinanda_of_Spain" title="Maria Antonia Ferdinanda of Spain">Maria Antonia Ferdinanda of Spain</a> (= 21)</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #fb9;">3. <a href="/wiki/Louise_Marie_Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_of_Artois" class="mw-redirect" title="Louise Marie Thérèse of Artois">Louise of Artois</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="11"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="29"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="28" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #9fe;">28. <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies">Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">14. <a href="/wiki/Francis_I_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Francis I of the Two Sicilies">Francis I of the Two Sicilies</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #9fe;">29. <a href="/wiki/Maria_Carolina_of_Austria" title="Maria Carolina of Austria">Maria Carolina of Austria</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">7. <a href="/wiki/Marie-Caroline_de_Bourbon-Sicile,_duchesse_de_Berry" class="mw-redirect" title="Marie-Caroline de Bourbon-Sicile, duchesse de Berry">Maria Carolina of Naples and Sicily</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="13"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="12" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #9fe;">30. <a href="/wiki/Leopold_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor">Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">15. <a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Maria_Clementina_of_Austria" title="Archduchess Maria Clementina of Austria">Maria Clementina of Austria</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="5"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="4" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #9fe;">31. <a href="/wiki/Maria_Luisa_of_Spain" title="Maria Luisa of Spain">Maria Louise of Spain</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Patrilineal_descent">Patrilineal descent</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_I,_Duke_of_Parma&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Patrilineal descent"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="collapsible expanded" style="margin: 0.3em auto auto; clear:none; min-width:60em; width:auto; font-size:85%; border:1px solid #aaa"> <tbody><tr> <th style="padding:0.2em 0.3em 0.2em 4.3em;background:none; color: inherit; width:auto">Patrilineal descent </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"> <p>Robert's patriline is the line from which he is descended father to son. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Patrilineal_descent" class="mw-redirect" title="Patrilineal descent">Patrilineal descent</a> is the principle behind membership in royal houses, as it can be traced back through the generations - which means that if Duke Robert were to choose an historically accurate house name it would be Robert, as all his male-line ancestors have been of that house. </p><p>Robert is a member of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon-Parma" title="House of Bourbon-Parma">House of Bourbon-Parma</a>, a sub-branch of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Bourbons" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Bourbons">House of Bourbon-Spain</a>, itself originally a branch of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon" title="House of Bourbon">House of Bourbon</a>, and thus of the <a href="/wiki/Capetian_dynasty" title="Capetian dynasty">Capetian dynasty</a> and of the <a href="/wiki/Robertians" title="Robertians">Robertians</a>. </p><p>Robert's patriline is the line from which he is descended father to son. It follows the Dukes of Parma as well as the Kings of Spain, France, and Navarre. The line can be traced back more than 1,200 years from Robert of Hesbaye to the present day, through Kings of France & Navarre, Spain and Two-Sicilies, Dukes of Parma and Grand-Dukes of Luxembourg, Princes of Orléans and Emperors of Brazil. It is one of the oldest in Europe. </p> <ol><li>Robert II of Worms and Rheingau (<a href="/wiki/Robert_of_Hesbaye" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert of Hesbaye">Robert of Hesbaye</a>), 770 - 807</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_III_of_Worms" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert III of Worms">Robert III of Worms</a> and Rheingau, 808 - 834</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_IV_the_Strong" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert IV the Strong">Robert IV the Strong</a>, 820 - 866</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_I_of_France" title="Robert I of France">Robert I of France</a>, 866 - 923</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_the_Great" title="Hugh the Great">Hugh the Great</a>, 895 - 956</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Capet" title="Hugh Capet">Hugh Capet</a>, 941 - 996</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_II_of_France" title="Robert II of France">Robert II of France</a>, 972 - 1031</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_I_of_France" title="Henry I of France">Henry I of France</a>, 1008–1060</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_I_of_France" title="Philip I of France">Philip I of France</a>, 1053–1108</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_VI_of_France" title="Louis VI of France">Louis VI of France</a>, 1081–1137</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_VII_of_France" title="Louis VII of France">Louis VII of France</a>, 1120–1180</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_France" title="Philip II of France">Philip II of France</a>, 1165–1223</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_VIII_of_France" title="Louis VIII of France">Louis VIII of France</a>, 1187–1226</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_IX_of_France" title="Louis IX of France">Louis IX of France</a>, 1215–1270</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert,_Count_of_Clermont" title="Robert, Count of Clermont">Robert, Count of Clermont</a>, 1256–1317</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_I,_Duke_of_Bourbon" title="Louis I, Duke of Bourbon">Louis I, Duke of Bourbon</a>, 1279–1342</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_I,_Count_of_La_Marche" title="James I, Count of La Marche">James I, Count of La Marche</a>, 1319–1362</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_I,_Count_of_La_Marche" title="John I, Count of La Marche">John I, Count of La Marche</a>, 1344–1393</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis,_Count_of_Vend%C3%B4me" title="Louis, Count of Vendôme">Louis, Count of Vendôme</a>, 1376–1446</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_VIII,_Count_of_Vend%C3%B4me" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean VIII, Count of Vendôme">Jean VIII, Count of Vendôme</a>, 1428–1478</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois,_Count_of_Vend%C3%B4me" class="mw-redirect" title="François, Count of Vendôme">François, Count of Vendôme</a>, 1470–1495</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Bourbon,_Duke_of_Vend%C3%B4me" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles de Bourbon, Duke of Vendôme">Charles de Bourbon, Duke of Vendôme</a>, 1489–1537</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_of_Navarre" title="Antoine of Navarre">Antoine, King of Navarre, Duke of Vendôme</a>, 1518–1562</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_France" title="Henry IV of France">Henry IV, King of France and of Navarre</a>, 1553–1610</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XIII_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XIII of France">Louis XIII, King of France and Navarre</a>, 1601–1643</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XIV of France">Louis XIV, King of France and Navarre</a>, 1638–1715</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis,_Grand_Dauphin" title="Louis, Grand Dauphin">Louis, <i>Grand</i> Dauphin of France</a>, 1661–1711</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_V_of_Spain" title="Philip V of Spain">Philip V of Spain</a>, 1683–1746</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip,_Duke_of_Parma" title="Philip, Duke of Parma">Philip, Duke of Parma</a>, 1720–1765</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand,_Duke_of_Parma" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferdinand, Duke of Parma">Ferdinand, Duke of Parma</a>, 1751–1802</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_of_Etruria" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis of Etruria">Louis of Etruria</a>, 1773–1803</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_II,_Duke_of_Parma" title="Charles II, Duke of Parma">Charles II, Duke of Parma</a>, 1799–1883</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_III,_Duke_of_Parma" title="Charles III, Duke of Parma">Charles III, Duke of Parma</a>, 1823–1854</li> <li>Robert I, Duke of Parma, 1848–1907</li></ol> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_I,_Duke_of_Parma&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Parma" class="mw-redirect" title="Duchy of Parma">Duchy of Parma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Parma" title="Duke of Parma">Duke of Parma</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_I,_Duke_of_Parma&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Willis-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Willis_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Willis, Daniel, <i>The Descendants of Louis XIII</i>, Clearfield Co., Inc., Baltimore, Maryland, 1999, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8063-4942-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-8063-4942-5">0-8063-4942-5</a>, p. 342.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Beate Hammond: "Maria Theresia, Elisabeth, Zita; Jugendjahre großer Kaiserinnen", Ueberreuter 2002</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=v5lAAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA28"><i>Almanacco di corte: per l'anno ... 1852</i></a>. Tipografia Reale. 1852. p. 28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Almanacco+di+corte%3A+per+l%27anno+...+1852&rft.pages=28&rft.pub=Tipografia+Reale&rft.date=1852&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dv5lAAAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPA28&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+I%2C+Duke+of+Parma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">"Caballeros de la insigne orden del toisón de oro". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/issue.vm?id=0000941464&search=&lang=es"><i>Guía Oficial de España</i></a> (in Spanish). 1887. p. 146<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Caballeros+de+la+insigne+orden+del+tois%C3%B3n+de+oro&rft.btitle=Gu%C3%ADa+Oficial+de+Espa%C3%B1a&rft.pages=146&rft.date=1887&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhemerotecadigital.bne.es%2Fissue.vm%3Fid%3D0000941464%26search%3D%26lang%3Des&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+I%2C+Duke+of+Parma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=N29SDfqL548C&pg=PA30"><i>Almanacco di corte</i></a>. p. 30.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Almanacco+di+corte&rft.pages=30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DN29SDfqL548C%26pg%3DPA30&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+I%2C+Duke+of+Parma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreich Bayern</i> (1906), "Königliche Orden" p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_nTedipoxoGcC/page/n39/mode/2up">8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ordensliste-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ordensliste_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">"Ludewigs-orden", <i>Großherzoglich Hessische Ordensliste</i> (in German), Darmstadt: Staatsverlag, 1907, p. 8</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ludewigs-orden&rft.btitle=Gro%C3%9Fherzoglich+Hessische+Ordensliste&rft.place=Darmstadt&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=Staatsverlag&rft.date=1907&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+I%2C+Duke+of+Parma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lorl.free.fr/stesprit.htm">"Ordre du St. Esprit"</a>. <i>lorl.free.fr</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-07-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=lorl.free.fr&rft.atitle=Ordre+du+St.+Esprit&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Florl.free.fr%2Fstesprit.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+I%2C+Duke+of+Parma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFD700; text-align:center;"><div>Robert I, Duke of Parma </div><div><b><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon-Parma" title="House of Bourbon-Parma">House of Bourbon-Parma</a></b></div><div style="font-size:90%">Cadet branch of the <b><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon" title="House of Bourbon">House of Bourbon</a></b></div><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"><b>Born:</b> 9 July 1848</span><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"> <b>Died:</b> 16 November 1907</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ACE777;">Regnal titles </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Charles_III,_Duke_of_Parma" title="Charles III, Duke of Parma">Charles III</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Dukes_of_Parma" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Dukes of Parma">Duke of Parma</a> </b><br />1854–1859 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Annexation by the<br /><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_(1861%E2%80%931946)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)">Kingdom of Italy</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #79DBFF;"><a href="/wiki/Pretender" title="Pretender">Titles in pretence</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>New title</b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><small><b>— TITULAR —</b></small><br /><i><b> Duke of Parma </b></i><br />1859–1907<br /><span style="font-size: 90%;">Reason for succession failure:</span><br /><span style="font-size: 90%;">Annexed by <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_(1861%E2%80%931946)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)">Kingdom of Italy</a></span> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Henry,_Duke_of_Parma" title="Henry, Duke of Parma">Henry</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template:Princes_of_Parma" title="Template:Princes of Parma"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Princes_of_Parma" title="Template talk:Princes of Parma"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Princes_of_Parma" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Princes of Parma"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Princes_of_Parma" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Princes of Parma</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1st generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ottavio_Farnese,_Duke_of_Parma" title="Ottavio Farnese, Duke of Parma">Ottavio, Duke of Parma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Farnese_(cardinal)" title="Alessandro Farnese (cardinal)">Prince Alessandro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranuccio_Farnese_(cardinal)" title="Ranuccio Farnese (cardinal)">Prince Rannucio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2nd generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Farnese,_Duke_of_Parma" title="Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma">Alexander, Duke of Parma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">3rd generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ranuccio_I_Farnese,_Duke_of_Parma" class="mw-redirect" title="Ranuccio I Farnese, Duke of Parma">Ranuccio I, Duke of Parma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odoardo_Farnese_(cardinal)" title="Odoardo Farnese (cardinal)">Cardinal-Prince Odoardo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">4th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Odoardo_Farnese,_Duke_of_Parma" title="Odoardo Farnese, Duke of Parma">Odoardo, Duke of Parma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">5th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ranuccio_II_Farnese,_Duke_of_Parma" class="mw-redirect" title="Ranuccio II Farnese, Duke of Parma">Ranuccio II, Duke of Parma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Farnese,_Prince_of_Parma" title="Alexander Farnese, Prince of Parma">Prince Alessandro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">6th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Odoardo_Farnese,_Hereditary_Prince_of_Parma" title="Odoardo Farnese, Hereditary Prince of Parma">Odoardo, Hereditary Prince of Parma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Farnese,_Duke_of_Parma" class="mw-redirect" title="Francesco Farnese, Duke of Parma">Francesco, Duke of Parma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Farnese,_Duke_of_Parma" class="mw-redirect" title="Antonio Farnese, Duke of Parma">Antonio, Duke of Parma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">7th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>None</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">8th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>None</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">9th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I,_Duke_of_Parma" title="Ferdinand I, Duke of Parma">Ferdinand I, Duke of Parma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">10th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_I_of_Etruria" title="Louis I of Etruria">Louis I of Etruria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">11th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_II,_Duke_of_Parma" title="Charles II, Duke of Parma">Charles II, Duke of Parma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">12th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_III,_Duke_of_Parma" title="Charles III, Duke of Parma">Charles III, Duke of Parma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">13th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Robert I, Duke of Parma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Henry,_Count_of_Bardi" title="Prince Henry, Count of Bardi">Prince Henry, Count of Bardi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">14th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry,_Duke_of_Parma" title="Henry, Duke of Parma">Henry, Duke of Parma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph,_Duke_of_Parma" title="Joseph, Duke of Parma">Joseph, Duke of Parma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elias,_Duke_of_Parma" title="Elias, Duke of Parma">Elias, Duke of Parma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Sixtus_of_Bourbon-Parma" title="Prince Sixtus of Bourbon-Parma">Prince Sixtus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Xavier_of_Bourbon-Parma" title="Prince Xavier of Bourbon-Parma">Xavier, Duke of Parma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Felix_of_Bourbon-Parma" title="Prince Felix of Bourbon-Parma">Felix, Prince Consort of Luxembourg</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Ren%C3%A9_of_Bourbon-Parma" title="Prince René of Bourbon-Parma">Prince René</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Gaetano_of_Bourbon-Parma" title="Prince Gaetano of Bourbon-Parma">Prince Gaetano</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">15th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hugo,_Duke_of_Parma" title="Robert Hugo, Duke of Parma">Robert II, Duke of Parma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Hugo,_Duke_of_Parma" title="Carlos Hugo, Duke of Parma">Carlos Hugo, Duke of Parma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Sixtus_Henry_of_Bourbon-Parma" title="Prince Sixtus Henry of Bourbon-Parma">Prince Sixtus Henry, Duke of Aranjuez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean,_Grand_Duke_of_Luxembourg" title="Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg">Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg</a>*^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Charles_of_Luxembourg_(1927%E2%80%931977)" title="Prince Charles of Luxembourg (1927–1977)">Prince Charles</a>*^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Jacques_of_Bourbon-Parma" title="Prince Jacques of Bourbon-Parma">Prince Jacques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Michel_of_Bourbon-Parma" title="Prince Michel of Bourbon-Parma">Prince Michel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">16th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Carlos,_Duke_of_Parma" title="Prince Carlos, Duke of Parma">Prince Carlos, Duke of Parma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaime_de_Bourbon_de_Parme" title="Jaime de Bourbon de Parme">Prince Jaime, Count of Bardi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri,_Grand_Duke_of_Luxembourg" title="Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg">Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg</a>*^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Jean_of_Luxembourg" title="Prince Jean of Luxembourg">Prince Jean</a>*^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Guillaume_of_Luxembourg" title="Prince Guillaume of Luxembourg">Prince Guillaume</a>*^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Robert_of_Luxembourg" title="Prince Robert of Luxembourg">Prince Robert</a>*^</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup><small>*</small></sup><i>also <a href="/wiki/Template:Princes_of_Luxembourg" title="Template:Princes of Luxembourg">prince of Luxembourg</a></i></li> <li><sup><small>^</small></sup><i>also <a href="/wiki/Template:Princes_of_Nassau" title="Template:Princes of Nassau">prince of Nassau</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Infantes_of_Spain" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Infantes_of_Spain" title="Template:Infantes of Spain"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Infantes_of_Spain" title="Template talk:Infantes of Spain"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Infantes_of_Spain" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Infantes of Spain"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Infantes_of_Spain" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Infante" title="Infante">Infantes of Spain</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>The generations indicate descent from <a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Carlos I</a>, under whom the crowns of Castile and Aragon were united, forming the Kingdom of Spain. Previously, the title Infante had been largely used in the different realms.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1st generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Spain" title="Philip II of Spain">Felipe II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2nd generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carlos,_Prince_of_Asturias" title="Carlos, Prince of Asturias">Carlos, Prince of Asturias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand,_Prince_of_Asturias" title="Ferdinand, Prince of Asturias">Fernando, Prince of Asturias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diego,_Prince_of_Asturias" title="Diego, Prince of Asturias">Diego, Prince of Asturias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_III_of_Spain" title="Philip III of Spain">Felipe III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">3rd generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philip_IV_of_Spain" title="Philip IV of Spain">Felipe IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Carlos_of_Spain_(1607%E2%80%931632)" title="Infante Carlos of Spain (1607–1632)">Infante Carlos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardinal-Infante_Ferdinand_of_Austria" title="Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand of Austria">Infante Fernando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Alonso_of_Spain" title="Infante Alonso of Spain">Infante Alonso</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">4th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balthasar_Charles,_Prince_of_Asturias" title="Balthasar Charles, Prince of Asturias">Baltasar Carlos, Prince of Asturias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Prospero,_Prince_of_Asturias" title="Philip Prospero, Prince of Asturias">Felipe Próspero, Prince of Asturias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_Spain" title="Charles II of Spain">Carlos II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">5th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>None</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">6th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>None</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">7th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_I_of_Spain" title="Louis I of Spain">Luis I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Philip_of_Spain_(1712%E2%80%931719)" title="Infante Philip of Spain (1712–1719)">Infante Felipe Pedro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_VI_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferdinand VI of Spain">Fernando VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_III_of_Spain" title="Charles III of Spain">Carlos III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip,_Duke_of_Parma" title="Philip, Duke of Parma">Felipe I, Duke of Parma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Luis_of_Spain" title="Infante Luis of Spain">Infante Luis, Count of Chinchón</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">8th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Philip,_Duke_of_Calabria" title="Infante Philip, Duke of Calabria">Infante Felipe, Duke of Calabria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_IV_of_Spain" title="Charles IV of Spain">Carlos IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies">Fernando I of the Two Sicilies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Gabriel_of_Spain" title="Infante Gabriel of Spain">Infante Gabriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Antonio_Pascual_of_Spain" title="Infante Antonio Pascual of Spain">Infante Antonio Pascual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Francisco_Javier_of_Spain" title="Infante Francisco Javier of Spain">Infante Francisco Javier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I,_Duke_of_Parma" title="Ferdinand I, Duke of Parma">Fernando I, Duke of Parma</a><sup>1</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">9th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_VII_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferdinand VII of Spain">Fernando VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Carlos_Mar%C3%ADa_Isidro_of_Spain" title="Infante Carlos María Isidro of Spain">Infante Carlos, Count of Molina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Francisco_de_Paula_of_Spain" title="Infante Francisco de Paula of Spain">Infante Francisco de Paula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Pedro_Carlos_of_Spain_and_Portugal" title="Infante Pedro Carlos of Spain and Portugal">Infante Pedro Carlos, Infante of Portugal</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_I_of_Etruria" title="Louis I of Etruria">Luis I of Etruria</a><sup>2</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">10th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Antoine,_Duke_of_Montpensier" title="Prince Antoine, Duke of Montpensier">Infante Antonio, Duke of Montpensier</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Luis_de_Borb%C3%B3n" title="Carlos Luis de Borbón">Infante Carlos, Count of Montemolin</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Juan,_Count_of_Montiz%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Infante Juan, Count of Montizón">Infante Juan, Count of Montizón</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Fernando_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Infante Fernando of Spain">Infante Fernando</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_de_As%C3%ADs,_Duke_of_C%C3%A1diz" title="Francisco de Asís, Duke of Cádiz">Francisco de Asís, King Consort of Spain</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Enrique,_Duke_of_Seville" title="Infante Enrique, Duke of Seville">Infante Enrique, Duke of Seville</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Sebasti%C3%A3o_of_Spain_and_Portugal" title="Infante Sebastião of Spain and Portugal">Infante Sebastián, Infante of Portugal</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_II,_Duke_of_Parma" title="Charles II, Duke of Parma">Carlos II, Duke of Parma</a><sup>1</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">11th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_XII" title="Alfonso XII">Alfonso XII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Gaetan,_Count_of_Girgenti" title="Prince Gaetan, Count of Girgenti">Infante Gaetan, Count of Girgenti</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Ludwig_Ferdinand_of_Bavaria" title="Prince Ludwig Ferdinand of Bavaria">Infante Luis Fernando</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Antonio,_Duke_of_Galliera" title="Infante Antonio, Duke of Galliera">Infante Antonio, Duke of Galliera</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Carlos,_Duke_of_Madrid" class="mw-redirect" title="Infante Carlos, Duke of Madrid">Infante Carlos, Duke of Madrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Alfonso_Carlos,_Duke_of_San_Jaime" class="mw-redirect" title="Infante Alfonso Carlos, Duke of San Jaime">Infante Alfonso Carlos, Duke of San Jaime</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_III,_Duke_of_Parma" title="Charles III, Duke of Parma">Carlos III, Duke of Parma</a><sup>1</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">12th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Carlos_of_Bourbon-Two_Sicilies" title="Prince Carlos of Bourbon-Two Sicilies">Infante Carlos of Bourbon-Two Sicilies</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Ferdinand_of_Bavaria" title="Prince Ferdinand of Bavaria">Infante Ferdinand of Bavaria</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Alfonso,_Duke_of_Galliera" title="Infante Alfonso, Duke of Galliera">Infante Alfonso, Duke of Galliera</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Luis_Fernando_of_Spain" title="Infante Luis Fernando of Spain">Infante Luis Fernando of Orléans</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Jaime,_Duke_of_Madrid" class="mw-redirect" title="Infante Jaime, Duke of Madrid">Infante Jaime, Duke of Madrid</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Roberto I, Duke of Parma</a><sup>1</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">13th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso,_Prince_of_Asturias_(1907%E2%80%931938)" title="Alfonso, Prince of Asturias (1907–1938)">Alfonso, Prince of Asturias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Jaime,_Duke_of_Segovia" title="Infante Jaime, Duke of Segovia">Infante Jaime, Duke of Segovia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Juan,_Count_of_Barcelona" title="Infante Juan, Count of Barcelona">Infante Juan, Count of Barcelona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Gonzalo_of_Spain" title="Infante Gonzalo of Spain">Infante Gonzalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Alfonso,_Duke_of_Calabria" title="Infante Alfonso, Duke of Calabria">Infante Alfonso, Duke of Calabria</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_%C3%81lvaro,_Duke_of_Galliera" title="Infante Álvaro, Duke of Galliera">Infante Álvaro, Duke of Galliera</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">14th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Carlos_I" title="Juan Carlos I">Juan Carlos I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Alfonso_of_Spain" title="Infante Alfonso of Spain">Infante Alfonso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Carlos,_Duke_of_Calabria" title="Infante Carlos, Duke of Calabria">Infante Carlos, Duke of Calabria</a><sup>1</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">15th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Felipe_VI" title="Felipe VI">Felipe VI</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">16th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>None</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup>1</sup> <span class="wrap">title granted by Royal Decree</span></li> <li><sup>2</sup> <span class="wrap">consort to an Infanta naturalized as a Spanish Infante</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Dukes_of_Parma" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Dukes_of_Parma" title="Template:Dukes of Parma"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Dukes_of_Parma" title="Template talk:Dukes of Parma"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Dukes_of_Parma" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Dukes of Parma"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Dukes_of_Parma" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Parma" title="Duke of Parma">Dukes of Parma</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Parma_und_Piacenza-Stroehl.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Parma_und_Piacenza-Stroehl.jpg/60px-Parma_und_Piacenza-Stroehl.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Parma_und_Piacenza-Stroehl.jpg/90px-Parma_und_Piacenza-Stroehl.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Parma_und_Piacenza-Stroehl.jpg/120px-Parma_und_Piacenza-Stroehl.jpg 2x" data-file-width="445" data-file-height="545" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pier_Luigi_Farnese,_Duke_of_Parma" class="mw-redirect" title="Pier Luigi Farnese, Duke of Parma">Pier Luigi</a> (1545–47)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottavio_Farnese,_Duke_of_Parma" title="Ottavio Farnese, Duke of Parma">Ottavio</a> (1556–86)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Farnese,_Duke_of_Parma" title="Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma">Alexander</a> (1586–92)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranuccio_I_Farnese,_Duke_of_Parma" class="mw-redirect" title="Ranuccio I Farnese, Duke of Parma">Ranuccio I</a> (1592–1622)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odoardo_Farnese,_Duke_of_Parma" title="Odoardo Farnese, Duke of Parma">Odoardo</a> (1622–46)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranuccio_II_Farnese,_Duke_of_Parma" class="mw-redirect" title="Ranuccio II Farnese, Duke of Parma">Ranuccio II</a> (1646–94)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Farnese,_Duke_of_Parma" class="mw-redirect" title="Francesco Farnese, Duke of Parma">Francesco</a> (1694–1727)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Farnese,_Duke_of_Parma" class="mw-redirect" title="Antonio Farnese, Duke of Parma">Antonio</a> (1727–31)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_III_of_Spain" title="Charles III of Spain">Charles I</a> (1731–35)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles II</a> (1735–40)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Theresa" title="Maria Theresa">Maria Theresa</a> (1740–48)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip,_Duke_of_Parma" title="Philip, Duke of Parma">Philip</a> (1748–65)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I,_Duke_of_Parma" title="Ferdinand I, Duke of Parma">Ferdinand</a> (1765–1802)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Jacques_R%C3%A9gis_de_Cambac%C3%A9r%C3%A8s" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean Jacques Régis de Cambacérès">Cambacérès</a> <small>(<i>Parma</i>)</small> (1808-1814)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles-Fran%C3%A7ois_Lebrun,_duc_de_Plaisance" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles-François Lebrun, duc de Plaisance">Lebrun</a> <small>(<i>Piacenza</i>)</small> (1808-1814)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Louise,_Duchess_of_Parma" title="Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma">Marie Louise</a> (1814–47)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_II,_Duke_of_Parma" title="Charles II, Duke of Parma">Charles Louis</a> (1847–49)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_III,_Duke_of_Parma" title="Charles III, Duke of Parma">Charles III</a> (1849–54)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Robert I</a> (1854–1859)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">Held in pretence, no implied sovereignty: <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Robert</a>* (1859–1907)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry,_Duke_of_Parma" title="Henry, Duke of Parma">Henry</a>* (1907–39)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph,_Duke_of_Parma" title="Joseph, Duke of Parma">Joseph</a>* (1939–50)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elias,_Duke_of_Parma" title="Elias, Duke of Parma">Elias</a>* (1950–59)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hugo,_Duke_of_Parma" title="Robert Hugo, Duke of Parma">Robert II</a>* (1959–74)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Xavier_of_Bourbon-Parma" title="Prince Xavier of Bourbon-Parma">Xavier</a>* (1974–77)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Hugo,_Duke_of_Parma" title="Carlos Hugo, Duke of Parma">Carlos Hugo</a>* (1977–2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Carlos,_Duke_of_Parma" title="Prince Carlos, Duke of Parma">Carlos</a>* (2010–present)</li></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>* denotes titular Duke</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q314577#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q314577#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q314577#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" 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href="https://viaf.org/viaf/80587096">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1686153/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJfWXWcWvqP84YTXm9J7HC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/129125903">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2007113821">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16648385t">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16648385t">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Borbone, Roberto : di <duca di Parma>"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/UBOV056567">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/29276">Vatican</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd129125903.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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