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Pierre Moscovici - Wikipedia

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<div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Political career</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Political_career-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Political career subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Political_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_political_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_political_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Early political career</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_political_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Member_of_the_European_Parliament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Member_of_the_European_Parliament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Member of the European Parliament</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Member_of_the_European_Parliament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Minister_delegate_for_European_Affairs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Minister_delegate_for_European_Affairs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Minister delegate for European Affairs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Minister_delegate_for_European_Affairs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Member_of_the_European_Parliament_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Member_of_the_European_Parliament_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Member of the European Parliament</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Member_of_the_European_Parliament_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Member_of_the_French_National_Assembly" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Member_of_the_French_National_Assembly"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Member of the French National Assembly</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Member_of_the_French_National_Assembly-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Minister_for_Finance_and_Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Minister_for_Finance_and_Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Minister for Finance and Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Minister_for_Finance_and_Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Commissioner_for_Economic_and_Financial_Affairs,_Taxation_and_Customs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commissioner_for_Economic_and_Financial_Affairs,_Taxation_and_Customs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Commissioner for Economic and Financial Affairs, Taxation and Customs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commissioner_for_Economic_and_Financial_Affairs,_Taxation_and_Customs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wiretapping_by_NSA" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wiretapping_by_NSA"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Wiretapping by NSA</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wiretapping_by_NSA-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_activities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_activities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Other activities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_activities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Overview" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Overview"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Overview</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Overview-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Overview subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Overview-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Governmental_function" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Governmental_function"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Governmental function</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Governmental_function-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electoral_mandates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electoral_mandates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Electoral mandates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electoral_mandates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-European_Parliament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#European_Parliament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.1</span> <span>European Parliament</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-European_Parliament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_Assembly_of_France" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_Assembly_of_France"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.2</span> <span>National Assembly of France</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_Assembly_of_France-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regional_Council" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regional_Council"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.3</span> <span>Regional Council</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regional_Council-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_Council" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_Council"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.4</span> <span>General Council</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_Council-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Municipal_Council" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Municipal_Council"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.5</span> <span>Municipal Council</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Municipal_Council-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Agglomeration_community_Council" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agglomeration_community_Council"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.6</span> <span>Agglomeration community Council</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agglomeration_community_Council-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opinion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opinion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Opinion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opinion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown 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id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 23 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-23" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">23 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Пиер Московиси – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Пиер Московиси" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Moscovici" title="Pierre Moscovici – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pierre Moscovici" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Moscovici" title="Pierre Moscovici – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pierre Moscovici" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Moscovici" title="Pierre Moscovici – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Pierre Moscovici" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Moscovici" title="Pierre Moscovici – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Pierre Moscovici" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Moscovici" title="Pierre Moscovici – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Pierre Moscovici" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B9%CE%B5%CF%81_%CE%9C%CE%BF%CF%83%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%B2%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%AF" title="Πιερ Μοσκοβισί – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πιερ Μοσκοβισί" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Moscovici" title="Pierre Moscovici – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pierre Moscovici" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Moscovici" title="Pierre Moscovici – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Pierre Moscovici" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Moscovici" title="Pierre Moscovici – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pierre Moscovici" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Moscovici" title="Pierre Moscovici – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pierre Moscovici" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Moscovici" title="Pierre Moscovici – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pierre Moscovici" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%88%DA%A4%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%89" title="پير موسكوڤيسى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="پير موسكوڤيسى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Moscovici" title="Pierre Moscovici – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Pierre Moscovici" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Moscovici" title="Pierre Moscovici – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Pierre Moscovici" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Moscovici" title="Pierre Moscovici – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Pierre Moscovici" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Moscovici" title="Pierre Moscovici – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pierre Moscovici" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Moscovici" title="Pierre Moscovici – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Pierre Moscovici" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8,_%D0%9F%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Московиси, Пьер – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Московиси, Пьер" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Moscovici" title="Pierre Moscovici – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pierre Moscovici" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Moscovici" title="Pierre Moscovici – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Pierre Moscovici" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Moscovici" title="Pierre Moscovici – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Pierre Moscovici" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%27%D1%94%D1%80_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%81%D1%96" title="П&#039;єр Московісі – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="П&#039;єр Московісі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q356919#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit 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background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">First President of the <a href="/wiki/Court_of_Audit_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Court of Audit (France)">Court of Audit</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; margin:0; color: black; background-color: lavender"><b><a href="/wiki/Incumbent" title="Incumbent">Incumbent</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>Assumed office</b></span>&#32;<br />3 June 2020</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Emmanuel Macron</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Didier_Migaud" title="Didier Migaud">Didier Migaud</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/European_Commissioner_for_Economic_and_Financial_Affairs,_Taxation_and_Customs" class="mw-redirect" title="European Commissioner for Economic and Financial Affairs, Taxation and Customs">European Commissioner for Economic and Financial Affairs, Taxation and Customs</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1 November 2014&#160;–&#32;30 November 2019</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Claude_Juncker" title="Jean-Claude Juncker">Jean-Claude Juncker</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Algirdas_%C5%A0emeta" title="Algirdas Šemeta">Algirdas Šemeta</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Paolo_Gentiloni" title="Paolo Gentiloni">Paolo Gentiloni</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Finance_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Finance (France)">Minister of Finance</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />16 May 2012&#160;–&#32;2 April 2014</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Hollande" title="François Hollande">François Hollande</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Marc_Ayrault" title="Jean-Marc Ayrault">Jean-Marc Ayrault</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Baroin" title="François Baroin">François Baroin</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Michel_Sapin" title="Michel Sapin">Michel Sapin</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Deputy_(France)" title="Deputy (France)">Member</a> of the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(France)" title="National Assembly (France)">National Assembly</a><br />for <a href="/wiki/Doubs" title="Doubs">Doubs</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Doubs%27s_4th_constituency" title="Doubs&#39;s 4th constituency">4th constituency</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />16 May 1997&#160;–&#32;1 November 2014</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ir%C3%A8ne_Tharin" title="Irène Tharin">Irène Tharin</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Barbier_(politician)" title="Frédéric Barbier (politician)">Frédéric Barbier</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1957-09-16</span>) </span>16 September 1957<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age&#160;67)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_Fourth_Republic" title="French Fourth Republic">France</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(France)" title="Socialist Party (France)">Socialist Party</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Anne-Michelle Basteri</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px">&#8203;</div>&#32;<div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;">&#8203;</div>&#40;<abbr title="married">m.</abbr>&#160;2015&#41;<wbr />&#8203;</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">1</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Serge_Moscovici" title="Serge Moscovici">Serge Moscovici</a><br />Marie Broomberg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lyc%C3%A9e_Condorcet" title="Lycée Condorcet">Lycée Condorcet</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sciences_Po" title="Sciences Po">Sciences Po</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_nationale_d%27administration" title="École nationale d&#39;administration">ÉNA</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Pierre Moscovici</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">&#91;pjɛʁ<span class="wrap"> </span>mɔskɔvisi&#93;</a></span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Romanian:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ro-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Romanian" title="Help:IPA/Romanian">&#91;moskoˈvitʃʲ&#93;</a></span>; born 16 September 1957) is a French politician who served as the <a href="/wiki/European_Commissioner_for_Economy" title="European Commissioner for Economy">European Commissioner for Economic and Financial Affairs, Taxation and Customs</a> from 2014 to 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> He previously served as <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Finance" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Finance">Minister of Finance</a> from 2012 to 2014 and as Minister for European Affairs between 1997 and 2002. </p><p>Previously a member of the <a href="/wiki/Trotskyist" class="mw-redirect" title="Trotskyist">Trotskyist</a> group the <a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Communist_League_(France)" title="Revolutionary Communist League (France)">Revolutionary Communist League</a>, Moscovici joined the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(France)" title="Socialist Party (France)">French Socialist Party</a> (PS) in 1984 and has since that time been a member of the Departmental Council of <a href="/wiki/Doubs_(department)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doubs (department)">Doubs</a> and of the <a href="/wiki/French_Parliament" title="French Parliament">French Parliament</a> and the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a>. </p><p>In May 2014 he was entrusted by the Prime Minister of France with a six-month mission to assess how European policies can better contribute to growth and employment. In July 2014 French President <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Hollande" title="François Hollande">François Hollande</a> proposed him to be France's representative in the next <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a>. In September 2014, he was named as European Commissioner for Economic and Financial Affairs, Taxation and Customs by President-designate of the <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a> <a href="/wiki/Jean-Claude_Juncker" title="Jean-Claude Juncker">Jean-Claude Juncker</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Moscovici&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Born in Paris, Moscovici is the son of the influential Romanian Jewish <a href="/wiki/Social_psychology" title="Social psychology">social psychologist</a> <a href="/wiki/Serge_Moscovici" title="Serge Moscovici">Serge Moscovici</a> and of the Polish <a href="/wiki/Psychoanalysis" title="Psychoanalysis">psychoanalyst</a> Marie Bromberg-Moscovici.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Moscovici obtained his <a href="/wiki/Baccalaur%C3%A9at" title="Baccalauréat">Baccalauréat</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Lyc%C3%A9e_Condorcet" title="Lycée Condorcet">Lycée Condorcet</a> in 1974, a <a href="/wiki/DEA_(former_French_degree)" class="mw-redirect" title="DEA (former French degree)">DEA</a> in economics and in philosophy, and he graduated from <a href="/wiki/Sciences_Po_Paris" class="mw-redirect" title="Sciences Po Paris">Sciences Po Paris</a> and the <a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_nationale_d%27administration" title="École nationale d&#39;administration">École nationale d'administration</a>, where he studied under <a href="/wiki/Dominique_Strauss-Kahn" title="Dominique Strauss-Kahn">Dominique Strauss-Kahn</a>, who became a friend and mentor in politics. He was a president of <i>À gauche en Europe</i>, a group founded by Strauss-Kahn and <a href="/wiki/Michel_Rocard" title="Michel Rocard">Michel Rocard</a> and also created his own group "Besoin de Gauche".<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>After graduating from the <a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_nationale_d%27administration" title="École nationale d&#39;administration">École nationale d'administration</a> in 1984, Moscovici was appointed to the <a href="/wiki/Court_of_Audit_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Court of Audit (France)">Court of Audit</a>, of which he is currently a senior member. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_career">Political career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Moscovici&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Political career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_political_career">Early political career</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Moscovici&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Early political career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Initially active in the <a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Communist_League_(France)" title="Revolutionary Communist League (France)">Revolutionary Communist League</a>, he left in 1984 to join the PS and, in 1986, became secretary of the "experts' group" created by <a href="/wiki/Claude_All%C3%A8gre" title="Claude Allègre">Claude Allègre</a>. </p><p>In 1988, he moved on to the Ministry for National Education in Minister Lionel Jospin's cabinet, first as conseiller technique, then as chargé de mission. </p><p>From 1990 to 1994, he headed the Public Service Modernisation and Financing Department at the Commissariat général du Plan – French Planning Office. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Member_of_the_European_Parliament">Member of the European Parliament</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Moscovici&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Member of the European Parliament"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From 1994 to 1997, Moscovici was a Member of the European Parliament.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In parliament, he served on the <a href="/wiki/Committee_on_Economic_and_Monetary_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs">Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs</a>. In addition to his committee assignments, he was part of the Parliament's delegation for relations with the countries of Central America and Mexico.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Minister_delegate_for_European_Affairs">Minister delegate for European Affairs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Moscovici&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Minister delegate for European Affairs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Elected to the French Parliament from the Doubs département in 1997, he went on to become a Member of the <a href="/wiki/Franche-Comt%C3%A9" title="Franche-Comté">Franche-Comté</a> Regional Council from 1998 to 2004, and of the Doubs département General Council from 1994 to 2002. </p><p>From 1997 to 2002, Moscovici was Minister delegate for European Affairs in the government of <a href="/wiki/Lionel_Jospin" title="Lionel Jospin">Lionel Jospin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> At the request of Chirac, he represented the French authorities at the <a href="/wiki/Convention_on_the_Future_of_Europe" title="Convention on the Future of Europe">Convention on the Future of Europe</a> in 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Member_of_the_European_Parliament_2">Member of the European Parliament</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Moscovici&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: Member of the European Parliament"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 20 July 2004, Moscovici was elected one of the 14 <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Parliament" title="President of the European Parliament">Vice-presidents of the European Parliament</a> and was re-elected on 17 January 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In addition, he served on the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament_Committee_on_Foreign_Affairs" title="European Parliament Committee on Foreign Affairs">Committee on Foreign Affairs</a>. </p><p>Of Romanian origin, he was one of the supporters of Romania's EU integration. He stated that he identifies itself as a half Romanian.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Member_of_the_French_National_Assembly">Member of the French National Assembly</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Moscovici&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: Member of the French National Assembly"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From 2007 to 2012, Moscovici was a Member of the French National Assembly (4th constituency in the Doubs), serving on the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and subsequently the Finance Committee. He also served as vice-president of the Assembly's Committee on European Affairs. </p><p>He was President of the Pays de Montbéliard Agglomération (PMA – Greater Montbéliard Authority) from 2008 to 2012. </p><p>In 2011, Moscovici endorsed <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Hollande" title="François Hollande">François Hollande</a> and ran his successful campaign for the <a href="/wiki/2012_French_presidential_election" title="2012 French presidential election">2012 French presidential election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In the subsequent <a href="/wiki/2012_French_legislative_election" title="2012 French legislative election">legislative election</a>, Moscovici was re-elected to the National Assembly from the 4th constituency in the Doubs. </p><p>Moscovici served as a Member of the French National Assembly. In May 2014 he was entrusted by the Prime Minister of France with a six-month mission to assess how European policies can better contribute to growth and employment.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Minister_for_Finance_and_Economy">Minister for Finance and Economy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Moscovici&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: Minister for Finance and Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Moscovici served as France's Minister for Finance and Economy<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> from May 2012 to April 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ahead of the Socialist Party's <a href="/wiki/Toulouse_Congress,_2012" title="Toulouse Congress, 2012">2012 convention in Toulouse</a>, Moscovici publicly endorsed <a href="/wiki/Harlem_D%C3%A9sir" title="Harlem Désir">Harlem Désir</a> as candidate to succeed <a href="/wiki/Martine_Aubry" title="Martine Aubry">Martine Aubry</a> at the party's leadership.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Moscovici was among the guests invited to the <a href="/wiki/State_dinner" class="mw-redirect" title="State dinner">state dinner</a> hosted by <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">U.S. President</a> <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> in honor of Hollande at the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> on 11 February 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Commissioner_for_Economic_and_Financial_Affairs,_Taxation_and_Customs"><span id="Commissioner_for_Economic_and_Financial_Affairs.2C_Taxation_and_Customs"></span>Commissioner for Economic and Financial Affairs, Taxation and Customs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Moscovici&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section: Commissioner for Economic and Financial Affairs, Taxation and Customs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In July 2014 <a href="/wiki/President_of_France" title="President of France">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Francois_Hollande" class="mw-redirect" title="Francois Hollande">Francois Hollande</a> nominated Moscovici to be France's candidate for the <a href="/wiki/Juncker_Commission" title="Juncker Commission">European Commission</a> led by <a href="/wiki/Jean-Claude_Juncker" title="Jean-Claude Juncker">Jean-Claude Juncker</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Juncker subsequently nominated Moscovici as Commissioner for Economic and Financial Affairs, Taxation and Customs. </p><p>Moscovici served as Commissioner from 2014 until 2019. In this capacity, he was in charge of the application of the <a href="/wiki/Stability_and_Growth_Pact" title="Stability and Growth Pact">Stability and Growth Pact</a>, as well as ensuring the economic soundness of Commission proposals and deepening the <a href="/wiki/Economic_and_Monetary_Union_of_the_European_Union" title="Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union">Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union</a> to create the conditions for jobs, growth and investment, and encouraging further structural reforms. On taxation matters, he was responsible for developing a <a href="/wiki/Value_added_tax" class="mw-redirect" title="Value added tax">value added tax</a> system at the European level, improving the functioning of the internal market in both direct and indirect taxation and fighting tax fraud and tax evasion. His responsibilities also included the development and management of an efficient <a href="/wiki/European_Union_Customs_Union" title="European Union Customs Union">European Union Customs Union</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 2017, Moscovici openly advocated a fully formed <a href="/wiki/Eurozone" title="Eurozone">eurozone</a> finance minister, and admitted that he would be interested in that position. In the meantime, the as Commissioner for Economic and Financial Affairs, Taxation and Customs should also assume the presidency of the <a href="/wiki/Eurogroup" title="Eurogroup">Eurogroup</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a 2018 letter to <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Stanishev" class="mw-redirect" title="Sergei Stanishev">Sergei Stanishev</a>, then chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Party_of_European_Socialists" title="Party of European Socialists">Party of European Socialists</a> (PES), Moscovici ruled himself out of the race to succeed <a href="/wiki/Jean-Claude_Juncker" title="Jean-Claude Juncker">Jean-Claude Juncker</a> and become the commission's next president, “due to profound disagreements with [the French Socialist Party’s] political line and strategy on Europe.”<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Wiretapping_by_NSA">Wiretapping by NSA</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Moscovici&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Edit section: Wiretapping by NSA"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2015, <a href="/wiki/WikiLeaks" title="WikiLeaks">WikiLeaks</a> revealed that the <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Agency" title="National Security Agency">U.S. National Security Agency</a> wiretapped Moscovici's communication during his time as Minister of Finance.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_activities">Other activities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Moscovici&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Edit section: Other activities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paris_School_of_International_Affairs" title="Paris School of International Affairs">Paris School of International Affairs</a> (PSIA), Member of the Strategic Committee<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Moscovici&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Governmental_function">Governmental function</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Moscovici&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="Edit section: Governmental function"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Minister of Economy and Finances, June 2012 – April 2014</li> <li>Minister of Economy, Finances, and Foreign Trade, May 2012 – June 2012</li> <li>Minister of European Affairs, 1997–2002.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Electoral_mandates">Electoral mandates</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Moscovici&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14" title="Edit section: Electoral mandates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="European_Parliament">European Parliament</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Moscovici&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15" title="Edit section: European Parliament"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Member of <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a>, 1994–1997 (elected in the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="National Assembly of France">National Assembly of France</a> in 1997, and became minister) 2004–2007 (Resignation, re-elected member of the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="National Assembly of France">National Assembly of France</a> in 2007). Elected in 1994, re-elected in 2004.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="National_Assembly_of_France">National Assembly of France</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Moscovici&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16" title="Edit section: National Assembly of France"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Member of the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="National Assembly of France">National Assembly of France</a> for <a href="/wiki/Doubs" title="Doubs">Doubs</a>, elected in 1997, but became minister in June) 2007–2012 (became minister in May).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (February 2015)">clarification needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> Elected in 1997, re-elected in 2007, 2012.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Regional_Council">Regional Council</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Moscovici&amp;action=edit&amp;section=17" title="Edit section: Regional Council"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Regional councillor of <a href="/wiki/Franche-Comt%C3%A9" title="Franche-Comté">Franche-Comté</a>, 1998–2004.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="General_Council">General Council</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Moscovici&amp;action=edit&amp;section=18" title="Edit section: General Council"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>General councillor of <a href="/wiki/Doubs" title="Doubs">Doubs</a>, 1994–2001.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Municipal_Council">Municipal Council</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Moscovici&amp;action=edit&amp;section=19" title="Edit section: Municipal Council"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Municipal councillor of <a href="/wiki/Valentigney" title="Valentigney">Valentigney</a>, 2008–2014.</li> <li>Municipal councillor of <a href="/wiki/Montb%C3%A9liard" title="Montbéliard">Montbéliard</a>, 1995–2008. Re-elected in 2001.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Agglomeration_community_Council">Agglomeration community Council</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Moscovici&amp;action=edit&amp;section=20" title="Edit section: Agglomeration community Council"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>President of the <a href="/wiki/Agglomeration_community" class="mw-redirect" title="Agglomeration community">Agglomeration community</a> of the Pays de Montbéliard, 2008–2012 (resignation).</li> <li>Member of the <a href="/wiki/Agglomeration_community" class="mw-redirect" title="Agglomeration community">Agglomeration community</a> of the Pays de Montbéliard, 2008–2014.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Opinion">Opinion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Moscovici&amp;action=edit&amp;section=21" title="Edit section: Opinion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>"We sincerely hope that <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> remains in the Eurozone", Moscovici said.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Moscovici&amp;action=edit&amp;section=22" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ireland_as_a_tax_haven" title="Ireland as a tax haven">Ireland as a tax haven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_Irish_arrangement" title="Double Irish arrangement">Double Irish arrangement</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Moscovici&amp;action=edit&amp;section=23" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMérand2021" class="citation book cs1">Mérand, Frédéric (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=j8owEAAAQBAJ"><i>The Political Commissioner: A European Ethnography</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-264624-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-264624-8"><bdi>978-0-19-264624-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Political+Commissioner%3A+A+European+Ethnography&amp;rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2021&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-19-264624-8&amp;rft.aulast=M%C3%A9rand&amp;rft.aufirst=Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dj8owEAAAQBAJ&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APierre+Moscovici" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=fr&amp;tl=en&amp;js=n&amp;prev=_t&amp;hl=en&amp;ie=UTF-8&amp;layout=2&amp;eotf=1&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww1.alliancefr.com%2Fpierre-moscovici-desir-d-avenir-news0%2C39%2C3729.html">"Google Translate"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Google+Translate&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftranslate.google.com%2Ftranslate%3Fsl%3Dfr%26tl%3Den%26js%3Dn%26prev%3D_t%26hl%3Den%26ie%3DUTF-8%26layout%3D2%26eotf%3D1%26u%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww1.alliancefr.com%252Fpierre-moscovici-desir-d-avenir-news0%252C39%252C3729.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APierre+Moscovici" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.besoindegauche.fr/">"besoindegauche.fr"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=besoindegauche.fr&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.besoindegauche.fr%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APierre+Moscovici" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/fr/1983/PIERRE_MOSCOVICI_home.html">"Pierre MOSCOVICI"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Pierre+MOSCOVICI&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.europarl.europa.eu%2Fmeps%2Ffr%2F1983%2FPIERRE_MOSCOVICI_home.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APierre+Moscovici" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/1983/PIERRE_MOSCOVICI/history/4#detailedcardmep">Pierre Moscovici</a> <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000000566649&amp;dateTexte=">"DECRET du 4 JUIN 1997 RELATIF A LA COMPOSITION DU GOUVERNEMENT – Legifrance"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=DECRET+du+4+JUIN+1997+RELATIF+A+LA+COMPOSITION+DU+GOUVERNEMENT+%E2%80%93+Legifrance&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.legifrance.gouv.fr%2FaffichTexte.do%3FcidTexte%3DJORFTEXT000000566649%26dateTexte%3D&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APierre+Moscovici" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Simon Coss (July 3, 2002), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.eu/article/moscovici-fights-to-keep-convention-seat/">Moscovici fights to keep Convention seat</a> <i><a href="/wiki/European_Voice" class="mw-redirect" title="European Voice">European Voice</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.europarl.europa.eu/members/archive/alphaOrder/view.do?language=EN&amp;id=1983">"Directory"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Directory&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.europarl.europa.eu%2Fmembers%2Farchive%2FalphaOrder%2Fview.do%3Flanguage%3DEN%26id%3D1983&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APierre+Moscovici" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hotnews.ro/stiri-arhiva-1235335-tatal-raportorului-moscovici-fost-terorizat-brucan.htm">"Tatal raportorului Moscovici a fost terorizat de Brucan - Arhiva noiembrie 2007 - HotNews.ro"</a>. 25 March 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Tatal+raportorului+Moscovici+a+fost+terorizat+de+Brucan+-+Arhiva+noiembrie+2007+-+HotNews.ro&amp;rft.date=2005-03-25&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hotnews.ro%2Fstiri-arhiva-1235335-tatal-raportorului-moscovici-fost-terorizat-brucan.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APierre+Moscovici" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://adevarul.ro/international/europa/exclusiv-pierre-moscovici-fiul-serge-moscovici-am-fost-crescut-vreoreferinta-traditiile-romaniei-insa-pasa-deoriginile-mele-1_609a70bc5163ec4271ec6bd6/index.html">"EXCLUSIV Pierre Moscovici, fiul lui Serge Moscovici: "Am fost crescut fără vreo referinţă la tradiţiile României, însă îmi pasă de originile mele"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. 15 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=EXCLUSIV+Pierre+Moscovici%2C+fiul+lui+Serge+Moscovici%3A+%22Am+fost+crescut+f%C4%83r%C4%83+vreo+referin%C5%A3%C4%83+la+tradi%C5%A3iile+Rom%C3%A2niei%2C+%C3%AEns%C4%83+%C3%AEmi+pas%C4%83+de+originile+mele%22&amp;rft.date=2021-05-15&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fadevarul.ro%2Finternational%2Feuropa%2Fexclusiv-pierre-moscovici-fiul-serge-moscovici-am-fost-crescut-vreoreferinta-traditiile-romaniei-insa-pasa-deoriginile-mele-1_609a70bc5163ec4271ec6bd6%2Findex.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APierre+Moscovici" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zf.ro/politica/cine-este-romanul-pierre-moscovici-9990881">"Cine este "românul" Pierre Moscovici"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Cine+este+%22rom%C3%A2nul%22+Pierre+Moscovici&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zf.ro%2Fpolitica%2Fcine-este-romanul-pierre-moscovici-9990881&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APierre+Moscovici" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">James Kanter (December 17, 2014), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/18/business/international/pierre-moscovici-embodies-a-softer-approach-to-europes-recovery.html">Pierre Moscovici Embodies a Softer Approach to Europe’s Recovery</a> <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLe_Point,_magazine2014" class="citation web cs1">Le Point, magazine (6 May 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lepoint.fr/politique/en-bonne-place-pour-bruxelles-moscovici-herite-d-une-mission-parlementaire-06-05-2014-1819634_20.php">"En bonne place pour Bruxelles, Moscovici hérite d'une mission parlementaire"</a>. <i>Le Point</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Le+Point&amp;rft.atitle=En+bonne+place+pour+Bruxelles%2C+Moscovici+h%C3%A9rite+d%27une+mission+parlementaire&amp;rft.date=2014-05-06&amp;rft.au=Le+Point%2C+magazine&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lepoint.fr%2Fpolitique%2Fen-bonne-place-pour-bruxelles-moscovici-herite-d-une-mission-parlementaire-06-05-2014-1819634_20.php&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APierre+Moscovici" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gouvernement.fr/gouvernement/pierre-moscovici">"Composition du Gouvernement – Le Gouvernement et les Institutions"</a>. <i>Gouvernement.fr</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Gouvernement.fr&amp;rft.atitle=Composition+du+Gouvernement+%E2%80%93+Le+Gouvernement+et+les+Institutions&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gouvernement.fr%2Fgouvernement%2Fpierre-moscovici&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APierre+Moscovici" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-18090173">"Profile: Hollande's government for France"</a>. BBC News. 17 May 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Profile%3A+Hollande%27s+government+for+France&amp;rft.date=2012-05-17&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-18090173&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APierre+Moscovici" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Caroline Vigoureux (7 September 2012), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lejdd.fr/Politique/PS-Manuel-Valls-soutient-Harlem-Desir-552438-3129605">Face à Cambadélis, Désir engrange les soutiens</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Journal_du_Dimanche" title="Le Journal du Dimanche">Le Journal du Dimanche</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2014/02/11/expected-attendees-tonight-s-state-dinner">Expected Attendees at Tonight’s State Dinner</a> <a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_First_Lady_of_the_United_States" title="Office of the First Lady of the United States">Office of the First Lady of the United States</a>, press release of 11 February 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIngrid_Melander_and_Emmanuel_Jarry2014" class="citation web cs1">Ingrid Melander and Emmanuel Jarry (30 July 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-eu-commission-moscovici-idUSKBN0FZ1C420140730">"Moscovici says confident will have important economic role in EU Commission"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Reuters&amp;rft.atitle=Moscovici+says+confident+will+have+important+economic+role+in+EU+Commission&amp;rft.date=2014-07-30&amp;rft.au=Ingrid+Melander+and+Emmanuel+Jarry&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-eu-commission-moscovici-idUSKBN0FZ1C420140730&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APierre+Moscovici" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Toby Vogel (July 29, 2014), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.eu/article/moscovici-named-as-frances-european-commissioner/">Moscovici named as France’s European commissioner</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Politico_Europe" title="Politico Europe">Politico Europe</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ec.europa.eu/commission/sites/cwt/files/commissioner_mission_letters/moscovici_en.pdf">"European Commission President Juncker's Mission Letter to Pierre Moscovici"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. European Commission.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=European+Commission+President+Juncker%27s+Mission+Letter+to+Pierre+Moscovici&amp;rft.pub=European+Commission&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Fcommission%2Fsites%2Fcwt%2Ffiles%2Fcommissioner_mission_letters%2Fmoscovici_en.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APierre+Moscovici" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ryan Heath (June 14, 2017), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.eu/article/pierre-moscovici-finance-commissioner-should-run-eurogroup-eu-confidential-ryan-heath/">Pierre Moscovici: Finance commissioner should also run Eurogroup</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Politico_Europe" title="Politico Europe">Politico Europe</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bjarke Smith-Meyer (October 4, 2018), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.eu/article/pierre-moscovici-rules-out-commission-presidency/">Pierre Moscovici rules out Commission presidency</a>&#160;<i><a href="/wiki/Politico_Europe" title="Politico Europe">Politico Europe</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Leila Abboud and Gregory Blanchier (June 30, 2015) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSKCN0P92QV20150630">NSA wiretapped two French finance ministers: Wikileaks</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencespo.fr/psia/content/psia-strategic-committee.html">Strategic Committee</a> <a href="/wiki/Paris_School_of_International_Affairs" title="Paris School of International Affairs">Paris School of International Affairs</a> (PSIA).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.europeonline-magazine.eu/dont-violate-the-bailout-deal_213506.html">Don't violate the bailout deal</a>, Europe Online Magazine, 4 May 2012</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Moscovici&amp;action=edit&amp;section=24" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pierre_Moscovici" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Pierre Moscovici">Pierre Moscovici</a> at Wikimedia Commons </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130429154216/http://www.pierremoscovici.fr/">Personal blog</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded&#160;by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Baroin" title="François Baroin">François Baroin</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Economics_and_Finance_(France)" title="Ministry of Economics and Finance (France)">Minister of Economy and Finance</a> </b><br />2012–2014 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded&#160;by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Michel_Sapin" title="Michel Sapin">Michel Sapin</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded&#160;by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Michel_Barnier" title="Michel Barnier">Michel Barnier</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_European_Commissioners_by_nationality#France" class="mw-redirect" title="List of European Commissioners by nationality">French European Commissioner</a> </b><br />2014–2019 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded&#160;by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Thierry_Breton" title="Thierry Breton">Thierry Breton</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded&#160;by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Jyrki_Katainen" title="Jyrki Katainen">Jyrki Katainen</a></div><i><b>as European Commissioner for Economic and Monetary Affairs and the Euro </b></i> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2"><b> European Commissioner for <a href="/wiki/European_Commissioner_for_Economic_and_Monetary_Affairs_and_the_Euro" class="mw-redirect" title="European Commissioner for Economic and Monetary Affairs and the Euro">Economic and Financial Affairs</a>, <a href="/wiki/European_Commissioner_for_Taxation_and_Customs_Union,_Audit_and_Anti-Fraud" class="mw-redirect" title="European Commissioner for Taxation and Customs Union, Audit and Anti-Fraud">Taxation and Customs</a> </b><br />2014–2019 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2">Succeeded&#160;by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Paolo_Gentiloni" title="Paolo Gentiloni">Paolo Gentiloni</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded&#160;by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Algirdas_%C5%A0emeta" title="Algirdas Šemeta">Algirdas Šemeta</a></div><i><b>as European Commissioner for Taxation and Customs Union, Audit and Anti-Fraud </b></i> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #DDCEF2;">Legal offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded&#160;by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Didier_Migaud" title="Didier Migaud">Didier Migaud</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> First President of the <a href="/wiki/Court_of_Audit_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Court of Audit (France)">Court of Audit</a> </b><br />2020–present </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>Incumbent</b> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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aria-labelledby="Finance_ministers_of_France" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Finance_Ministers_of_France" title="Template:Finance Ministers of France"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Finance_Ministers_of_France" title="Template talk:Finance Ministers of France"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Finance_Ministers_of_France" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Finance Ministers of France"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Finance_ministers_of_France" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_finance_ministers_of_France" title="List of finance ministers of France">Finance ministers</a> of <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Superintendent_of_Finances" title="Superintendent of Finances">Superintendent of Finances</a> (1561–1661)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Controller-General_of_Finances" title="Controller-General of Finances">Controller-General of Finances</a> (1661–1791)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Valois" title="House of Valois">House of Valois</a><br />(1518–1589)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_de_Beaune&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Jacques de Beaune (page does not exist)">de Beaune</a> (1518–1524)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philibert_Babou" title="Philibert Babou">Babou</a> (1524–1544)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_du_Thiers" title="Jean du Thiers">du Thiers</a> (1544–1546)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_d%27Annebault" title="Claude d&#39;Annebault">d'Annebault</a> (1546–1552)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andr%C3%A9_Guillart&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="André Guillart (page does not exist)">Guillart</a> (1552–1556)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_d%27Avan%C3%A7on&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean d&#39;Avançon (page does not exist)">d'Avançon</a> (1556–1559)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles,_Cardinal_of_Lorraine" title="Charles, Cardinal of Lorraine">de Lorraine</a> (1559–1560)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artus_de_Coss%C3%A9-Brissac" class="mw-redirect" title="Artus de Cossé-Brissac">de Cossé-Brissac</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_d%27Ongnyes&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis d&#39;Ongnyes (page does not exist)">d'Ongnyes</a> (1561–1567)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_de_Birague" title="René de Birague">de Birague</a> (1568–1570)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomponne_de_Belli%C3%A8vre" title="Pomponne de Bellièvre">de Bellièvre</a> (1574–1588)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_d%27O" title="François d&#39;O">d'O</a> (1588–1589)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon" title="House of Bourbon">House of Bourbon</a><br />(1589–1792)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_d%27O" title="François d&#39;O">d'O</a> (1589–1594)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilien_de_B%C3%A9thune,_Duke_of_Sully" title="Maximilien de Béthune, Duke of Sully">de Béthune</a> (1598–1611)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Jeannin" title="Pierre Jeannin">Jeannin</a> (1614–1619)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Schomberg" title="Henri de Schomberg">de Schomberg</a> (1619–1622)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_La_Vieuville" title="Charles de La Vieuville">de La Vieuville</a> (1623–1624)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Bochart_de_Champigny" title="Jean Bochart de Champigny">de Champigny</a>/<a href="/wiki/Michel_de_Marillac" title="Michel de Marillac">de Marillac</a> (1624–1626)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Co%C3%ABffier_de_Ruz%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Antoine Coëffier de Ruzé">de Ruzé</a> (1626–1632)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_de_Bullion" title="Claude de Bullion">de Bullion</a>/<a href="/wiki/Claude_Bouthillier" title="Claude Bouthillier">Bouthillier</a> (1632–1640)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Bouthillier" title="Claude Bouthillier">Bouthillier</a> (1640–1643)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicolas_de_Bailleul&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicolas de Bailleul (page does not exist)">de Bailleul</a>/<a href="/wiki/Claude_de_Mesmes,_comte_d%27Avaux" title="Claude de Mesmes, comte d&#39;Avaux">de Mesmes</a> (1643–1647)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Particelli_d%27Emery" title="Michel Particelli d&#39;Emery">d'Emery</a> (1647–1648)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_La_Porte" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles de La Porte">de La Porte</a> (1648–1649)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Particelli_d%27Emery" title="Michel Particelli d&#39;Emery">d'Emery</a>/<a href="/wiki/Claude_de_Mesmes" class="mw-redirect" title="Claude de Mesmes">de Mesmes</a> (1649–1650)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_de_Longueil" title="René de Longueil">de Longueil</a> (1650–1651)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_La_Vieuville" title="Charles de La Vieuville">de La Vieuville</a> (1651–1653)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abel_Servien" title="Abel Servien">Servien</a>/<a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Fouquet" title="Nicolas Fouquet">Fouquet</a> (1653–1659)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Fouquet" title="Nicolas Fouquet">Fouquet</a> (1659–1661)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Colbert" title="Jean-Baptiste Colbert">Colbert</a> (1661–1683)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Claude_Le_Pelletier&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Claude Le Pelletier (page does not exist)">Le Pelletier</a> (1683–1689)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Ph%C3%A9lypeaux,_comte_de_Pontchartrain" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis Phélypeaux, comte de Pontchartrain">Phélypeaux</a> (1689–1699)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Chamillart" title="Michel Chamillart">Chamillart</a> (1699–1708)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Desmarets" title="Nicolas Desmarets">Desmarets</a> (1708–1715)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrien_Maurice_de_Noailles" class="mw-redirect" title="Adrien Maurice de Noailles">de Noailles</a> (1715–1718)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri-Jacques_Nompar_de_Caumont,_duc_de_La_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Henri-Jacques Nompar de Caumont, duc de La Force">de Caumont</a> (1718–January 1720)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc-Ren%C3%A9_de_Voyer_de_Paulmy_d%27Argenson_(1652%E2%80%931721)" title="Marc-René de Voyer de Paulmy d&#39;Argenson (1652–1721)">de Voyer de Paulmy d'Argenson</a> (1718–January 1720)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Law_(economist)" title="John Law (economist)">Law</a> (January–May 1720)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michel_Robert_Le_Peletier_des_Forts&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Michel Robert Le Peletier des Forts (page does not exist)">des Forts</a> (May–December 1720)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Le_Pelletier_de_La_Houssaye" title="Félix Le Pelletier de La Houssaye">de La Houssaye</a> (December 1720–1722)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Gaspard_Dodun&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Gaspard Dodun (page does not exist)">Dodun</a> (1722–1726)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michel_Robert_Le_Peletier_des_Forts&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Michel Robert Le Peletier des Forts (page does not exist)">des Forts</a> (1726–1730)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philibert_Orry" title="Philibert Orry">Orry</a> (1730–1745)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_de_Machault_d%27Arnouville" title="Jean-Baptiste de Machault d&#39;Arnouville">d'Arnouville</a> (1745–1754)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Moreau_de_S%C3%A9chelles" title="Jean Moreau de Séchelles">de Séchelles</a> (1754–1756)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Marie_Peyrenc_de_Moras" title="François Marie Peyrenc de Moras">de Moras</a> (1756–1757)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_de_Boullonges" title="Jean de Boullonges">de Boullonges</a> (1757–1759)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_de_Silhouette" title="Étienne de Silhouette">de Silhouette</a> (1759)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_L%C3%A9onard_Jean_Baptiste_Bertin" class="mw-redirect" title="Henri Léonard Jean Baptiste Bertin">Bertin</a> (1759–1763)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cl%C3%A9ment_Charles_Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Laverdy" title="Clément Charles François de Laverdy">de Laverdy</a> (1763–1768)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Maynon_d%27Invault" title="Étienne Maynon d&#39;Invault">d'Invault</a> (1768–1769)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Marie_Terray" title="Joseph Marie Terray">Terray</a> (1769–1774)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Robert_Jacques_Turgot" title="Anne Robert Jacques Turgot">Turgot</a> (1774–1776)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_%C3%89tienne_Bernard_Ogier_de_Clugny&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Étienne Bernard Ogier de Clugny (page does not exist)">de Clugny</a> (1776)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis-Gabriel_Taboureau_des_R%C3%A9aux&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis-Gabriel Taboureau des Réaux (page does not exist)">des Réaux</a> (1776–1777)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Necker" title="Jacques Necker">Necker</a> (1777–1781)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Joly_de_Fleury" title="Jean-François Joly de Fleury">de Fleury</a> (1781–1783)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Paule_Lef%C3%A8vre_d%27Ormesson" class="mw-redirect" title="Henri François de Paule Lefèvre d&#39;Ormesson">d'Ormesson</a> (1783)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Alexandre_de_Calonne" title="Charles Alexandre de Calonne">de Calonne</a> (1783–1787)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michel_Bouvard_de_Fourqueux&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Michel Bouvard de Fourqueux (page does not exist)">de Fourqueux</a> (1787)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Charles_de_Lom%C3%A9nie_de_Brienne" title="Étienne Charles de Loménie de Brienne">de Brienne</a> (1787–1788)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Necker" title="Jacques Necker">Necker</a> (1788–1789)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Auguste_Le_Tonnelier_de_Breteuil" title="Louis Auguste Le Tonnelier de Breteuil">de Breteuil</a> (1789)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Necker" title="Jacques Necker">Necker</a> (1789–1790)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Claude_Guillaume_Lambert&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Claude Guillaume Lambert (page does not exist)">Lambert</a> (1790)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Antoine_de_Valdec_de_Lessart" title="Claude Antoine de Valdec de Lessart">de Lessart</a> (1790–1791)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_Hardouin_Tarb%C3%A9&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis Hardouin Tarbé (page does not exist)">Tarbé</a> (1791–March 1792)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Clavi%C3%A8re" title="Étienne Clavière">Clavière</a> (March–13 June 1792)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Duranthon" class="mw-redirect" title="Antoine Duranthon">Duranthon</a> (13 June–18 June 1792)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jules_%C3%89mile_Fran%C3%A7ois_Herv%C3%A9_de_Beaulieu&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Jules Émile François Hervé de Beaulieu (page does not exist)">de Beaulieu</a> (18 June–29 July 1792)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Delaville-Leroulx&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Delaville-Leroulx (page does not exist)">Delaville-Leroulx</a> (29 July–10 August 1792)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Clavi%C3%A8re" title="Étienne Clavière">Clavière</a> (10 August–21 September 1792)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/French_First_Republic" title="French First Republic">First Republic</a><br />(1792–1804)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Clavi%C3%A8re" title="Étienne Clavière">Clavière</a> (21 September 1792–1793)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Gr%C3%A9goire_Deschamps_Destournelles" title="Louis Grégoire Deschamps Destournelles">Destournelles</a> (1793–1794)</li> <li><i>Vacant</i> (1794–1795)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillaume-Charles_Faipoult" title="Guillaume-Charles Faipoult">Faipoult</a> (1795–1796)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominique-Vincent_Ramel-Nogaret" title="Dominique-Vincent Ramel-Nogaret">Ramel-Nogaret</a> (1796–July 1799)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Robert_Lindet" title="Jean-Baptiste Robert Lindet">Lindet</a> (July–November 1799)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin-Michel-Charles_Gaudin" class="mw-redirect" title="Martin-Michel-Charles Gaudin">Gaudin</a> (1799–1804)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/First_French_Empire" title="First French Empire">House of Bonaparte</a><br />(1804–1814)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martin-Michel-Charles_Gaudin" class="mw-redirect" title="Martin-Michel-Charles Gaudin">Gaudin</a> (1804–1814)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bourbon_Restoration_in_France" title="Bourbon Restoration in France">House of Bourbon</a><br />(1814–1815)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Dominique,_baron_Louis" title="Joseph Dominique, baron Louis">Dominique</a> (1814–1815)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hundred_Days" title="Hundred Days">House of Bonaparte</a><br />(1815)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martin-Michel-Charles_Gaudin" class="mw-redirect" title="Martin-Michel-Charles Gaudin">Gaudin</a> (March–July 1815)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bourbon_Restoration_in_France" title="Bourbon Restoration in France">House of Bourbon</a><br />(1815–1830)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Dominique,_baron_Louis" title="Joseph Dominique, baron Louis">Dominique</a> (July–September 1815)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Emmanuel_Corvetto" title="Louis-Emmanuel Corvetto">Corvetto</a> (September 1815–December 1818)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Roy" title="Antoine Roy">Roy</a> (7 December–29 December 1818)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Dominique,_baron_Louis" title="Joseph Dominique, baron Louis">Dominique</a> (December 29, 1818–November 1819)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Roy" title="Antoine Roy">Roy</a> (1819–1821)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_de_Vill%C3%A8le" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean-Baptiste de Villèle">de Villèle</a> (1821–1828)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Roy" title="Antoine Roy">Roy</a> (1828–1829)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christophe_de_Chabrol_de_Crouzol" title="Christophe de Chabrol de Crouzol">de Crouzol</a> (1829–May 1830)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillaume-Isidore_Baron_de_Montbel" title="Guillaume-Isidore Baron de Montbel">de Montbel</a> (May–July 1830)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Dominique,_baron_Louis" title="Joseph Dominique, baron Louis">Dominique</a> (July–August 1830)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/July_Monarchy" title="July Monarchy">House of Orléans</a><br />(1830–1848)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Dominique,_baron_Louis" title="Joseph Dominique, baron Louis">Dominique</a> (August–November 1830)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Laffitte" title="Jacques Laffitte">Laffitte</a> (1830–1831)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Dominique,_baron_Louis" title="Joseph Dominique, baron Louis">Dominique</a> (1831–1832)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Humann" title="Georges Humann">Humann</a> (1832–10 November 1834)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippolyte_Passy" title="Hippolyte Passy">Passy</a> (10 November–18 November 1834)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Humann" title="Georges Humann">Humann</a> (18 November 1834–1836)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Maurice_Apollinaire_d%27Argout" title="Antoine Maurice Apollinaire d&#39;Argout">d'Argout</a> (January–September 1836)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanneguy_Duch%C3%A2tel" title="Tanneguy Duchâtel">Duchâtel</a> (1836–1837)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Lacave-Laplagne" title="Jean Lacave-Laplagne">Lacave-Laplagne</a> (1837–March 1839)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-%C3%89lie_Gautier" title="Jean-Élie Gautier">Gautier</a> (March–May 1839)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippolyte_Passy" title="Hippolyte Passy">Passy</a> (May 1839–March 1840)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Pelet_de_la_Loz%C3%A8re" title="Joseph Pelet de la Lozère">de la Lozère</a> (March 1840–October 1840)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Humann" title="Georges Humann">Humann</a> (October 1840–1842)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Lacave-Laplagne" title="Jean Lacave-Laplagne">Lacave-Laplagne</a> (1842–1847)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Sylvain_Dumon" title="Pierre Sylvain Dumon">Dumon</a> (1847–February 1848)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/French_Second_Republic" title="French Second Republic">Second Republic</a><br />(1848–1852)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Goudchaux" title="Michel Goudchaux">Goudchaux</a> (February–March 1848)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Antoine_Garnier-Pag%C3%A8s" title="Louis-Antoine Garnier-Pagès">Garnier-Pagès</a> (March–May 1848)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Duclerc" title="Charles Duclerc">Duclerc</a> (May–June 1848)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Goudchaux" title="Michel Goudchaux">Goudchaux</a> (June–October 1848)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariste_Jacques_Trouv%C3%A9-Chauvel" title="Ariste Jacques Trouvé-Chauvel">Trouvé-Chauvel</a> (October–December 1848)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippolyte_Passy" title="Hippolyte Passy">Passy</a> (December 1848–October 1849)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achille_Fould" title="Achille Fould">Fould</a> (October 1849–January 1851)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Le_B%C3%A8gue_de_Germiny" title="Charles Le Bègue de Germiny">de Germiny</a> (January–April 1851)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achille_Fould" title="Achille Fould">Fould</a> (April–October 1851)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Blondel" title="Antoine Blondel">Blondel</a> (October–November 1851)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Xavier_Joseph_de_Casabianca" title="François-Xavier Joseph de Casabianca">de Casabianca</a> (November–December 1851)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achille_Fould" title="Achille Fould">Fould</a> (December 1851–January 1852)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Second_French_Empire" title="Second French Empire">House of Bonaparte</a><br />(1852–1870)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Martial_Bineau" title="Jean-Martial Bineau">Bineau</a> (January 1852–1855)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Magne" title="Pierre Magne">Magne</a> (1855–1860)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolphe_de_Forcade_La_Roquette" title="Adolphe de Forcade La Roquette">La Roquette</a> (1860–1861)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achille_Fould" title="Achille Fould">Fould</a> (1861–1867)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Rouher" title="Eugène Rouher">Rouher</a> (January–November 1867)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Magne" title="Pierre Magne">Magne</a> (1867–January 1870)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Buffet" title="Louis Buffet">Buffet</a> (January–April 1870)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89mile_Alexis_Segris&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Émile Alexis Segris (page does not exist)">Segris</a> (April–August 1870)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Magne" title="Pierre Magne">Magne</a> (August–September 1870)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/French_Third_Republic" title="French Third Republic">Third Republic</a><br />(1870–1940)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Picard" title="Ernest Picard">Picard</a> (September 1870–19 February 1871)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Buffet" title="Louis Buffet">Buffet</a> (19 February–25 February 1871)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustin_Pouyer-Quertier" title="Augustin Pouyer-Quertier">Pouyer-Quertier</a> (1871–1872)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eug%C3%A8ne_de_Goulard&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Eugène de Goulard (page does not exist)">de Goulard</a> (April–December 1872)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Say" title="Léon Say">Say</a> (December 1872–1873)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Magne" title="Pierre Magne">Magne</a> (1873–1874)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Mathieu-Bodet&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre Mathieu-Bodet (page does not exist)">Mathieu-Bodet</a> (1874–1875)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Say" title="Léon Say">Say</a> (1875–May 1877)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Caillaux" title="Eugène Caillaux">Caillaux</a> (May 1877–November 1877)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Dutilleul&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="François Dutilleul (page does not exist)">Dutilleul</a> (November–December 1877)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Say" title="Léon Say">Say</a> (1877–1879)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Magnin" title="Pierre Magnin">Magnin</a> (1879–1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Allain-Targ%C3%A9" title="François Allain-Targé">Allain-Targé</a> (1881–1882)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Say" title="Léon Say">Say</a> (January–August 1882)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Tirard" title="Pierre Tirard">Tirard</a> (August 1882–6 April 1885)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Clamageran" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean Clamageran">Clamageran</a> (6 April–16 April 1885)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Fran%C3%A7ois_Sadi_Carnot" class="mw-redirect" title="Marie François Sadi Carnot">Carnot</a> (16 April 1885–December 1886)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Dauphin" title="Albert Dauphin">Dauphin</a> (December 1886–May 1887)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Rouvier" title="Maurice Rouvier">Rouvier</a> (May–December 1887)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Tirard" title="Pierre Tirard">Tirard</a> (December 1887–April 1888)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Peytral" title="Paul Peytral">Peytral</a> (April 1888–1889)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Rouvier" title="Maurice Rouvier">Rouvier</a> (1889–1892)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Tirard" title="Pierre Tirard">Tirard</a> (1892–April 1893)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Peytral" title="Paul Peytral">Peytral</a> (April–December 1893)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auguste_Burdeau" title="Auguste Burdeau">Burdeau</a> (December 1893–May 1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Poincar%C3%A9" title="Raymond Poincaré">Poincaré</a> (May 1894–January 1895)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Ribot" title="Alexandre Ribot">Ribot</a> (January–November 1895)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Doumer" title="Paul Doumer">Doumer</a> (November 1895–1896)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Cochery" title="Georges Cochery">Cochery</a> (1896–1898)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Peytral" title="Paul Peytral">Peytral</a> (1898–1899)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Caillaux" title="Joseph Caillaux">Caillaux</a> (1899–1902)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Rouvier" title="Maurice Rouvier">Rouvier</a> (1902–1905)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Merlou&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre Merlou (page does not exist)">Merlou</a> (1905–March 1906)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Poincar%C3%A9" title="Raymond Poincaré">Poincaré</a> (March–October 1906)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Caillaux" title="Joseph Caillaux">Caillaux</a> (October 1906–1909)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Cochery" title="Georges Cochery">Cochery</a> (1909–1910)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Lucien_Klotz" title="Louis-Lucien Klotz">Klotz</a> (1910–March 1911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Caillaux" title="Joseph Caillaux">Caillaux</a> (March–June 1911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Lucien_Klotz" title="Louis-Lucien Klotz">Klotz</a> (June 1911–March 1913)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Dumont_(politician)" title="Charles Dumont (politician)">Dumont</a> (March–December 1913)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Caillaux" title="Joseph Caillaux">Caillaux</a> (December 1913–March 1914)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Renoult" title="René Renoult">Renoult</a> (March–June 1914)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Cl%C3%A9mentel" title="Étienne Clémentel">Clémentel</a> (9 June–13 June 1914)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Noullens" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Noullens">Noullens</a> (June–August 1914)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Ribot" title="Alexandre Ribot">Ribot</a> (August 1914–1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Thierry" title="Joseph Thierry">Thierry</a> (March–September 1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Lucien_Klotz" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis Lucien Klotz">Klotz</a> (1917–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Fran%C3%A7ois-Marsal" title="Frédéric François-Marsal">François-Marsal</a> (1920–1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Doumer" title="Paul Doumer">Doumer</a> (1921–1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Lasteyrie" title="Charles de Lasteyrie">de Lasteyrie</a> (1922–1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Fran%C3%A7ois-Marsal" title="Frédéric François-Marsal">François-Marsal</a> (March–June 1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Clementel" class="mw-redirect" title="Étienne Clementel">Clementel</a> (June 1924–3 April 1925)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatole_de_Monzie" title="Anatole de Monzie">de Monzie</a> (3 April–17 April 1925)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Caillaux" title="Joseph Caillaux">Caillaux</a> (April–October 1925)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Painlev%C3%A9" title="Paul Painlevé">Painlevé</a> (October–November 1925)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Loucheur" title="Louis Loucheur">Loucheur</a> (November–December 1925)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Doumer" title="Paul Doumer">Doumer</a> (December 1925–March 1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raoul_P%C3%A9ret" title="Raoul Péret">Péret</a> (March–June 1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Caillaux" title="Joseph Caillaux">Caillaux</a> (June–July 1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatole_de_Monzie" title="Anatole de Monzie">de Monzie</a> (19 July–23 July 1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Poincar%C3%A9" title="Raymond Poincaré">Poincaré</a> (July 1926–1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Ch%C3%A9ron" title="Henry Chéron">Chéron</a> (1928–February 1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Dumont_(politician)" title="Charles Dumont (politician)">Dumont</a> (February–March 1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Reynaud" title="Paul Reynaud">Reynaud</a> (March–December 1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Germain-Martin" title="Louis Germain-Martin">Germain-Martin</a> (December 1930–January 1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-%C3%89tienne_Flandin" title="Pierre-Étienne Flandin">Flandin</a> (January 1931–1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Germain-Martin" title="Louis Germain-Martin">Germain-Martin</a> (June–December 1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Ch%C3%A9ron" title="Henry Chéron">Chéron</a> (December 1932–January 1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Bonnet" title="Georges Bonnet">Bonnet</a> (January 1933–January 1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Pi%C3%A9tri" title="François Piétri">Piétri</a> (January–February 1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Marchandeau" title="Paul Marchandeau">Marchandeau</a> (4 February–9 February 1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Germain-Martin" title="Louis Germain-Martin">Germain-Martin</a> (February 1934–June 1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Caillaux" title="Joseph Caillaux">Caillaux</a> (1 June–7 June 1935)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marcel_R%C3%A9gnier&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Marcel Régnier (page does not exist)">Régnier</a> (June 1935–1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Auriol" title="Vincent Auriol">Auriol</a> (1936–1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Bonnet" title="Georges Bonnet">Bonnet</a> (1937–January 1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Marchandeau" title="Paul Marchandeau">Marchandeau</a> (January–March 1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Blum" title="Léon Blum">Blum</a> (March–April 1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Marchandeau" title="Paul Marchandeau">Marchandeau</a> (April–November 1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Reynaud" title="Paul Reynaud">Reynaud</a> (November 1938–March 1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucien_Lamoureux_(France)" title="Lucien Lamoureux (France)">Lamoureux</a> (March–June 1940)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Vichy France</a><br />(1940–1944)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yves_Bouthillier" title="Yves Bouthillier">Bouthillier</a> (1940–1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Cathala" title="Pierre Cathala">Cathala</a> (1942–1944)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Free_France" title="Free France">Free France</a><br />(1941–1944)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Pleven" title="René Pleven">Pleven</a> (1941–1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Diethelm" title="André Diethelm">Diethelm</a> (1942–June 1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Couve_de_Murville" title="Maurice Couve de Murville">Couve de Murville</a> (June–November 1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Mend%C3%A8s_France" title="Pierre Mendès France">France</a> (November 1943–September 1944)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_the_French_Republic" title="Provisional Government of the French Republic">Provisional Government</a><br />(1944–1946)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aim%C3%A9_Lepercq" title="Aimé Lepercq">Lepercq</a> (September–November 1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Pleven" title="René Pleven">Pleven</a> (November 1944–January 1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Philip" title="André Philip">Philip</a> (January–June 1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Schuman" title="Robert Schuman">Schuman</a> (June–October 1946)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/French_Fourth_Republic" title="French Fourth Republic">Fourth Republic</a><br />(1946–1958)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Schuman" title="Robert Schuman">Schuman</a> (October–December 1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Philip" title="André Philip">Philip</a> (December 1946–January 1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Schuman" title="Robert Schuman">Schuman</a> (January–November 1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Mayer" title="René Mayer">Mayer</a> (November 1947–July 1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Reynaud" title="Paul Reynaud">Reynaud</a> (July–September 1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Pineau" title="Christian Pineau">Pineau</a> (5 September–11 September 1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Queuille" title="Henri Queuille">Queuille</a> (September 1948–January 1949)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maurice_Petsche&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Maurice Petsche (page does not exist)">Petsche</a> (1949–1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Mayer" title="René Mayer">Mayer</a> (1951–January 1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Faure" title="Edgar Faure">Faure</a> (January–March 1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Pinay" title="Antoine Pinay">Pinay</a> (March 1952–January 1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Bourg%C3%A8s-Maunoury" title="Maurice Bourgès-Maunoury">Bourgès-Maunoury</a> (January–June 1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Faure" title="Edgar Faure">Faure</a> (1953–1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Buron" title="Robert Buron">Buron</a> (January–February 1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Pflimlin" title="Pierre Pflimlin">Pflimlin</a> (February 1955–February 1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Lacoste" title="Robert Lacoste">Lacoste</a> (1 February–14 February 1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Ramadier" title="Paul Ramadier">Ramadier</a> (February 1956–June 1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Gaillard" title="Félix Gaillard">Gaillard</a> (June–November 1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Pflimlin" title="Pierre Pflimlin">Pflimlin</a> (November 1957–May 1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Faure" title="Edgar Faure">Faure</a> (May–June 1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Pinay" title="Antoine Pinay">Pinay</a> (June–October 1958)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/French_Fifth_Republic" title="French Fifth Republic">Fifth Republic</a><br />(1958–present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Pinay" title="Antoine Pinay">Pinay</a> (October 1958–1960)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilfrid_Baumgartner&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilfrid Baumgartner (page does not exist)">Baumgartner</a> (1960–1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Val%C3%A9ry_Giscard_d%27Estaing" title="Valéry Giscard d&#39;Estaing">Giscard d'Estaing</a> (1962–1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Debr%C3%A9" title="Michel Debré">Debré</a> (1966–May 1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Couve_de_Murville" title="Maurice Couve de Murville">Couve de Murville</a> (May–July 1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Xavier_Ortoli" title="François-Xavier Ortoli">Ortoli</a> (July 1968–June 1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Val%C3%A9ry_Giscard_d%27Estaing" title="Valéry Giscard d&#39;Estaing">Giscard d'Estaing</a> (1969–1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Fourcade" title="Jean-Pierre Fourcade">Fourcade</a> (1974–1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Barre" title="Raymond Barre">Barre</a> (1976–1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Monory" title="René Monory">Monory</a> (1978–1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Delors" title="Jacques Delors">Delors</a> (1981–1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_B%C3%A9r%C3%A9govoy" title="Pierre Bérégovoy">Bérégovoy</a> (1984–1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Balladur" title="Édouard Balladur">Balladur</a> (1986–1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_B%C3%A9r%C3%A9govoy" title="Pierre Bérégovoy">Bérégovoy</a> (1988–1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Sapin" title="Michel Sapin">Sapin</a> (1992–1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmond_Alphand%C3%A9ry" title="Edmond Alphandéry">Alphandéry</a> (1993–May 1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alain_Madelin" title="Alain Madelin">Madelin</a> (May–August 1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Arthuis" title="Jean Arthuis">Arthuis</a> (August 1995–1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominique_Strauss-Kahn" title="Dominique Strauss-Kahn">Strauss-Kahn</a> (1997–1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Sautter" title="Christian Sautter">Sautter</a> (1999–2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurent_Fabius" title="Laurent Fabius">Fabius</a> (2000–2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Mer" title="Francis Mer">Mer</a> (2002–2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Sarkozy" title="Nicolas Sarkozy">Sarkozy</a> (March–November 2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herv%C3%A9_Gaymard" title="Hervé Gaymard">Gaymard</a> (November 2004–2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thierry_Breton" title="Thierry Breton">Breton</a> (2005–May 2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Louis_Borloo" title="Jean-Louis Borloo">Borloo</a> (May–June 2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christine_Lagarde" title="Christine Lagarde">Lagarde</a> (June 2007–2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Baroin" title="François Baroin">Baroin</a> (2011–2012)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Moscovici</a> (2012–2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Sapin" title="Michel Sapin">Sapin</a> (2014–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruno_Le_Maire" title="Bruno Le Maire">Le Maire</a> (2017–2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Armand" title="Antoine Armand">Armand</a> (2024–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ayrault_government" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ayrault" title="Template:Ayrault"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ayrault" title="Template talk:Ayrault"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ayrault" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ayrault"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ayrault_government" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ayrault_government" title="Ayrault government">Ayrault government</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Marc_Ayrault" title="Jean-Marc Ayrault">Jean-Marc Ayrault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurent_Fabius" title="Laurent Fabius">Laurent Fabius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Peillon" title="Vincent Peillon">Vincent Peillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christiane_Taubira" title="Christiane Taubira">Christiane Taubira</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pierre Moscovici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marisol_Touraine" title="Marisol Touraine">Marisol Touraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9cile_Duflot" title="Cécile Duflot">Cécile Duflot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Valls" title="Manuel Valls">Manuel Valls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicole_Bricq" title="Nicole Bricq">Nicole Bricq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnaud_Montebourg" title="Arnaud Montebourg">Arnaud Montebourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Sapin" title="Michel Sapin">Michel Sapin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Yves_Le_Drian" title="Jean-Yves Le Drian">Jean-Yves Le Drian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aur%C3%A9lie_Filippetti" title="Aurélie Filippetti">Aurélie Filippetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genevi%C3%A8ve_Fioraso" title="Geneviève Fioraso">Geneviève Fioraso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Najat_Vallaud-Belkacem" title="Najat Vallaud-Belkacem">Najat Vallaud-Belkacem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Le_Foll" title="Stéphane Le Foll">Stéphane Le Foll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marylise_Lebranchu" title="Marylise Lebranchu">Marylise Lebranchu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victorin_Lurel" title="Victorin Lurel">Victorin Lurel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Val%C3%A9rie_Fourneyron" title="Valérie Fourneyron">Valérie Fourneyron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Martin_(politician)" title="Philippe Martin (politician)">Philippe Martin</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Armoiries_r%C3%A9publique_fran%C3%A7aise.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of Arms of France"><img alt="Coat of Arms of France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Armoiries_r%C3%A9publique_fran%C3%A7aise.svg/50px-Armoiries_r%C3%A9publique_fran%C3%A7aise.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Armoiries_r%C3%A9publique_fran%C3%A7aise.svg/75px-Armoiries_r%C3%A9publique_fran%C3%A7aise.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Armoiries_r%C3%A9publique_fran%C3%A7aise.svg/100px-Armoiries_r%C3%A9publique_fran%C3%A7aise.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="175" data-file-height="199" /></a><figcaption>Coat of Arms of France</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Juncker_Commission_(2014–2019)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Juncker_Commission" title="Template:Juncker Commission"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Juncker_Commission" title="Template talk:Juncker Commission"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Juncker_Commission" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Juncker Commission"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Juncker_Commission_(2014–2019)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Juncker_Commission" title="Juncker Commission">Juncker Commission</a> (2014–2019)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vytenis_Andriukaitis" title="Vytenis Andriukaitis">Vytenis Andriukaitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrus_Ansip" title="Andrus Ansip">Andrus Ansip</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Arias_Ca%C3%B1ete" title="Miguel Arias Cañete">Miguel Arias Cañete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitris_Avramopoulos" title="Dimitris Avramopoulos">Dimitris Avramopoulos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El%C5%BCbieta_Bie%C5%84kowska" title="Elżbieta Bieńkowska">Elżbieta Bieńkowska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violeta_Bulc" title="Violeta Bulc">Violeta Bulc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corina_Cre%C8%9Bu" title="Corina Crețu">Corina Crețu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valdis_Dombrovskis" title="Valdis Dombrovskis">Valdis Dombrovskis</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariya_Gabriel" title="Mariya Gabriel">Mariya Gabriel</a><sup>4</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristalina_Georgieva" title="Kristalina Georgieva">Kristalina Georgieva</a><sup>2</sup><sup>4</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Hahn" title="Johannes Hahn">Johannes Hahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Hill,_Baron_Hill_of_Oareford" title="Jonathan Hill, Baron Hill of Oareford">Jonathan Hill</a><sup>3</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Hogan" title="Phil Hogan">Phil Hogan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C4%9Bra_Jourov%C3%A1" title="Věra Jourová">Věra Jourová</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_King_(diplomat)" title="Julian King (diplomat)">Julian King</a><sup>3</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Claude_Juncker" title="Jean-Claude Juncker">Jean-Claude Juncker</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jyrki_Katainen" title="Jyrki Katainen">Jyrki Katainen</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cecilia_Malmstr%C3%B6m" title="Cecilia Malmström">Cecilia Malmström</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neven_Mimica" title="Neven Mimica">Neven Mimica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Moedas" title="Carlos Moedas">Carlos Moedas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federica_Mogherini" title="Federica Mogherini">Federica Mogherini</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pierre Moscovici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibor_Navracsics" title="Tibor Navracsics">Tibor Navracsics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnther_Oettinger" title="Günther Oettinger">Günther Oettinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maro%C5%A1_%C5%A0ef%C4%8Dovi%C4%8D" title="Maroš Šefčovič">Maroš Šefčovič</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christos_Stylianides" title="Christos Stylianides">Christos Stylianides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marianne_Thyssen" title="Marianne Thyssen">Marianne Thyssen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frans_Timmermans" title="Frans Timmermans">Frans Timmermans</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karmenu_Vella" title="Karmenu Vella">Karmenu Vella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margrethe_Vestager" title="Margrethe Vestager">Margrethe Vestager</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-size:smaller;"><div>1 = <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Commission" title="President of the European Commission">President</a>. 2 = <a href="/wiki/Vice-President_of_the_European_Commission" title="Vice-President of the European Commission">Vice President</a>. 3 = King replaced Hill on 19 September 2016. 4 = Gabriel replaced Georgieva on 7 July 2017.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&amp;#124;border_&amp;#124;alt=European_Union&amp;#124;link=European_Union_European_Commissioners_for_Economic_and_Monetary_Affairs_and_the_Euro" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:EU_Finance_Commissioners" title="Template:EU Finance Commissioners"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:EU_Finance_Commissioners" title="Template talk:EU Finance Commissioners"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a 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href="/wiki/European_Commissioner_for_Economic_and_Monetary_Affairs_and_the_Euro" class="mw-redirect" title="European Commissioner for Economic and Monetary Affairs and the Euro">European Commissioners for Economic and Monetary Affairs and the Euro</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Marjolin" title="Robert Marjolin">Robert Marjolin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Barre" title="Raymond Barre">Raymond Barre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Haferkamp" title="Wilhelm Haferkamp">Wilhelm Haferkamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Xavier_Ortoli" title="François-Xavier Ortoli">François-Xavier Ortoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henning_Christophersen" title="Henning Christophersen">Henning Christophersen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yves-Thibault_de_Silguy" title="Yves-Thibault de Silguy">Yves-Thibault de Silguy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Solbes" title="Pedro Solbes">Pedro Solbes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Almunia" title="Joaquín Almunia">Joaquín Almunia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siim_Kallas" title="Siim Kallas">Siim Kallas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Almunia" title="Joaquín Almunia">Joaquín Almunia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olli_Rehn" title="Olli Rehn">Olli Rehn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siim_Kallas" title="Siim Kallas">Siim Kallas</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Acting)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jyrki_Katainen" title="Jyrki Katainen">Jyrki Katainen</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pierre Moscovici</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="European_Commissioners_from_France" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:European_Commissioners_from_France" title="Template:European Commissioners from France"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:European_Commissioners_from_France" title="Template talk:European Commissioners from France"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:European_Commissioners_from_France" title="Special:EditPage/Template:European Commissioners from France"><abbr title="Edit this 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href="/wiki/Claude_Cheysson" title="Claude Cheysson">Claude Cheysson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgard_Pisani" title="Edgard Pisani">Edgard Pisani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Delors" title="Jacques Delors">Jacques Delors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christiane_Scrivener" title="Christiane Scrivener">Christiane Scrivener</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yves-Thibault_de_Silguy" title="Yves-Thibault de Silguy">Yves-Thibault de Silguy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89dith_Cresson" title="Édith Cresson">Édith Cresson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pascal_Lamy" title="Pascal Lamy">Pascal Lamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Barnier" title="Michel Barnier">Michel Barnier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Barrot" title="Jacques Barrot">Jacques Barrot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Barnier" title="Michel Barnier">Michel Barnier</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pierre Moscovici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thierry_Breton" title="Thierry Breton">Thierry Breton</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Europe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/50px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/75px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/100px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000117727079">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/84212138">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJwxGcKCc4BKjhDwpgbKh3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/122543793">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n92033812">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb122353500">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb122353500">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&amp;local_base=aut&amp;ccl_term=ica=js20020311004&amp;CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=78757">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810540148305606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&amp;local_base=NLX10&amp;find_code=UID&amp;request=987007333140905171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14066447">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA06586726?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.assemblee-nationale.fr/sycomore/fiche/(num_dept)/5437">Sycomore</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/1983">MEP directory</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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