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<div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" 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.navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Henry Frédéric Chéron</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Henry_Ch%C3%A9ron_1921.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Henry_Ch%C3%A9ron_1921.jpg/220px-Henry_Ch%C3%A9ron_1921.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Henry_Ch%C3%A9ron_1921.jpg/330px-Henry_Ch%C3%A9ron_1921.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ef/Henry_Ch%C3%A9ron_1921.jpg 2x" data-file-width="396" data-file-height="458" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Chéron in 1921</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Social_Affairs_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Social Affairs (France)">Minister of Labor and Social Security</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />22 March 1913 – 9 December 1913</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Besnard" title="René Besnard">René Besnard</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Albert_M%C3%A9tin" title="Albert Métin">Albert Métin</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Agriculture_(France)" title="Ministry of Agriculture (France)">Minister of Agriculture</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />15 January 1922 – 29 March 1924</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Edmond_Lefebvre_du_Prey" title="Edmond Lefebvre du Prey">Edmond Lefebvre du Prey</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Capus" title="Joseph Capus">Joseph Capus</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Commerce_and_Industry_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Commerce and Industry (France)">Minister of Commerce and Industry</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />14 September 1928 – 11 November 1928</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Bokanowski" title="Maurice Bokanowski">Maurice Bokanowski</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Georges_Bonnefous" title="Georges Bonnefous">Georges Bonnefous</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Finance_Ministers_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Finance Ministers of France">Minister of Finance</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />11 November 1928 – 21 February 1930</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Poincar%C3%A9" title="Raymond Poincaré">Raymond Poincaré</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Dumont_(politician)" title="Charles Dumont (politician)">Charles Dumont</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Justice_(France)" title="Ministry of Justice (France)">Minister of Justice</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />17 November 1930 – 22 January 1931</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Raoul_P%C3%A9ret" title="Raoul Péret">Raoul Péret</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_B%C3%A9rard" title="Léon Bérard">Léon Bérard</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Finance_Ministers_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Finance Ministers of France">Minister of Finance</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />18 December 1932 – 31 January 1933</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Louis_Germain-Martin" title="Louis Germain-Martin">Louis Germain-Martin</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Georges_Bonnet" title="Georges Bonnet">Georges Bonnet</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Justice_(France)" title="Ministry of Justice (France)">Minister of Justice</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />9 February 1934 – 14 October 1934</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Penancier" title="Eugène Penancier">Eugène Penancier</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Henry_L%C3%A9mery" title="Henry Lémery">Henry Lémery</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1867-05-11</span>)</span>11 May 1867<br /><a href="/wiki/Lisieux" title="Lisieux">Lisieux</a>, Calvados, <a href="/wiki/Second_French_Empire" title="Second French Empire">France</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">14 April 1936<span style="display:none">(1936-04-14)</span> (aged 68)<br /><a href="/wiki/Lisieux" title="Lisieux">Lisieux</a>, Calvados, <a href="/wiki/French_Third_Republic" title="French Third Republic">France</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data">Lawyer, politician</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Henry Frédéric Chéron</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[ɑ̃ʁi<span class="wrap"> </span>fʁedeʁik<span class="wrap"> </span>ʃeʁɔ̃]</a></span>; 11 May 1867 – 14 April 1936) was a French lawyer and politician who became active in local politics in the <a href="/wiki/Calvados_(department)" title="Calvados (department)">Calvados</a> department of Normandy while still a young man, and always maintained his roots in Normandy. He was elected to the Chamber of Deputies and then to the Senate, and held various ministerial posts between 1913 and 1934. He generally held moderately conservative views, believed in fiscal responsibility and balanced budgets, and felt strongly that agriculture was the foundation of France's prosperity. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_years">Early years</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Ch%C3%A9ron&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Henry Frédéric Chéron was born on 11 May 1867 at <a href="/wiki/Lisieux" title="Lisieux">Lisieux</a>, Calvados. His father, Isidore-Frédéric Chéron (born in 1843), was a sales representative. His mother was Felicie Duval (1844–1912).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHenri_CHERON_–_CAEF_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHenri_CHERON_–_CAEF-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Henry Chéron worked as a technician in a pharmacy to earn money to attend law school.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJolly1977_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJolly1977-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 8 July 1889 he married Marie-Louise Fauguet, daughter of a large landowner of Calvados. They had two sons. Henry Chéron obtained a degree in Law in 1891.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHenri_CHERON_–_CAEF_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHenri_CHERON_–_CAEF-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Local_politician">Local politician</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Ch%C3%A9ron&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Local politician"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Chéron was mayor of <a href="/wiki/Lisieux" title="Lisieux">Lisieux</a>, Calvados from 1894 to 1936, and General Councillor for the canton of Lisieux from 1901 to 1936. He was a moderate conservative.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHenri_CHERON_–_CAEF_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHenri_CHERON_–_CAEF-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was an affable and approachable leader. He was one of the first mayors in Normandy to apply the restrictions to drinking establishments authorized by the law of 1880. He opened a municipal abattoir in order to reduce the cost of meat to the people of Lisieux. Chéron was president of the general council of Calvados from 1911 to 1936. Chéron ran for election as deputy for Calvados on four occasions in 1893, 1896, 1898 and 1902, but although his views were moderate he was not sufficiently conservative for the electorate.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJolly1977_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJolly1977-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Deputy">Deputy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Ch%C3%A9ron&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Deputy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Chéron ran successfully for election as deputy for the 1st district of <a href="/wiki/Caen" title="Caen">Caen</a> on 6 May 1906. He was reelected as deputy on 24 April 1910. Chéron was appointed Under-Secretary of State for War on 25 October 1906 in the cabinet of <a href="/wiki/Georges_Clemenceau" title="Georges Clemenceau">Georges Clemenceau</a>. He was popular for his attempts to improve the living conditions of the troops. In the first cabinet of <a href="/wiki/Aristide_Briand" title="Aristide Briand">Aristide Briand</a>, formed on 24 July 1909, he was appointed Under-Secretary of State for the Navy. He undertook an administrative reorganization, and tried to mediate an end to a strike of enlisted seamen.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJolly1977_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJolly1977-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 2 November 1910 the cabinet was dissolved and Chéron left the government. He joined the radical left, and presented five bills on social issues. He was chosen to report on many financial projects, and to present the general report on the budget in 1911, 1912 and 1913. On 23 January 1913 he presented and defended a vote of confidence in the Briand government.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJolly1977_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJolly1977-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chéron was an honorary president of the French consultative committee to the first <a href="/wiki/International_Eugenics_Conference" title="International Eugenics Conference">International Eugenics Conference</a> in London in 1912.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchneider200285_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchneider200285-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 22 March 1913 <a href="/wiki/Louis_Barthou" title="Louis Barthou">Louis Barthou</a> appointed Chéron <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Social_Affairs_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Social Affairs (France)">Minister of Labor and Social Security</a> (<i>Ministre du Travail et de la Prévoyance sociale</i>). Chéron appointed a commission to prepare a law on regulating savings companies to protect small savers. He also tried to apply the law on workers' pensions. He left office when the Barthou cabinet fell on 9 December 1913.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJolly1977_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJolly1977-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Senator">Senator</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Ch%C3%A9ron&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Senator"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Chéron was elected to the Senate on 20 July 1913. He was reelected to the Senate on 9 January 1921 and on 20 October 1929. He remained a Senator until his death in 1936.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJolly1977_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJolly1977-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was actively interested in social issues, but was primarily involved in financial issues. During <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> (1914–18) he worked hard for the war effort. He submitted many legal texts on ways to ensure that as many men as possible were available to the army. On 23 December 1916 he led the Senate to adopt a motion letting the Briand government place the entire war effort under one organization. He also submitted proposals to reduce the social costs of the war, on topics such as rents, leases and taxation of food. One of his proposals significantly extended the role of trade unions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJolly1977_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJolly1977-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the war there was a widespread feeling that France must produce more children to make up for the wartime losses.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoberts2009110_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoberts2009110-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A law against propaganda for abortion and contraception was proposed in January 1919.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoberts2009112_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoberts2009112-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It included an article that required doctors to give information about abortion care providers even if they had obtained the information under professional secrecy. As a lawyer, Chéron considered that principle of confidentiality was "the safeguard of his profession." He hastened to clarify that confidentiality was "enacted not in the interests of a profession, but in that of the public order and individual security".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoberts2009112_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoberts2009112-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He granted that women made all decisions about family planning, and said that propaganda for abortion and contraception "consists in saying to French women: 'You will no longer have children.<span style="padding-right:.15em;">'</span>"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoberts2009121_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoberts2009121-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Chéron said Malthusian propaganda was "against the very existence of the country ... this is a question of life or death for France."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoberts2009110_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoberts2009110-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Chéron's was preoccupied with restoring the French economy after World War I. He advocated fiscal discipline with reduced public and private spending. He supported economic liberalism, and saw agriculture as the driver of economic growth. In 1921 he was general rapporteur of the Senate's Finance Committee, where he made many suggestions on control of public expenditures, and rapporteur on the commission on state contracts.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJolly1977_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJolly1977-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Minister_of_Agriculture">Minister of Agriculture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Ch%C3%A9ron&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Minister of Agriculture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 15 January 1922 <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Poincar%C3%A9" title="Raymond Poincaré">Raymond Poincaré</a> appointed Chéron <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Agriculture_(France)" title="Ministry of Agriculture (France)">Minister of Agriculture</a>. Chéron saw agriculture as the foundation for prosperity and a balanced budget, and wanted to make France self-sufficient in food. He supported rural electrification, increased production of fertilizer, cooperative abattoirs and reduced railway tariffs for agricultural products. He was involved in programs for agricultural education, marketing, insurance and social welfare, and laws to prevent fragmentation of farm properties. He restored the freedom to export agricultural products, while restricting imports of dairy products. Chéron was blamed for rising prices, which he in turn blamed on profiteers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJolly1977_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJolly1977-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Chéron left office on 26 March 1924, and again became active in the Senate Finance Committee. He continued to promote his economic doctrine of increasing agricultural production while restoring public finances. He proclaimed, "Wheat is gold." He was made president of the <i>Union républicaine</i> group of Senators. He defended the bill to legalize the <i>Caisse d'amortissement</i> (Sinking Fund) to amortize public debt, and projects to increase tax revenues and stabilize the franc.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJolly1977_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJolly1977-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In February 1928 Chéron obtained approval in the Senate and Chamber for a bill making preparation for military service compulsory, with the goal of ensuring that when men were called up for military service they would be found fit.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETumblety201272_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETumblety201272-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Henri_Ch%C3%A9ron.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Henri_Ch%C3%A9ron.jpg/220px-Henri_Ch%C3%A9ron.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/Henri_Ch%C3%A9ron.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="240" data-file-height="320" /></a><figcaption>Chéron as Minister of Finance</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Minister_of_Finance">Minister of Finance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Ch%C3%A9ron&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Minister of Finance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 14 September 1928 Poincaré appointed Chéron <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Commerce_and_Industry_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Commerce and Industry (France)">Minister of Commerce and Industry</a> to replace <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Bokanowski" title="Maurice Bokanowski">Maurice Bokanowski</a>, who had died, then on 11 November 1928 made him <a href="/wiki/List_of_Finance_Ministers_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Finance Ministers of France">Minister of Finance</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJolly1977_2-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJolly1977-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chéron was Minister of Finance in Pointcaré's cabinet from 11 November 1928 to 29 July 1929, in the subsequent cabinet of Briand from 29 July to 3 November 1929 and then in the cabinet of <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Tardieu" title="André Tardieu">André Tardieu</a> from 3 November 1929 to 21 February 1930.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHenri_CHERON_–_CAEF_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHenri_CHERON_–_CAEF-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1929 Chéron called for an investigation of the Compagnie Foncière.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJankowski200291_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJankowski200291-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In an effort to boost the economy, particularly agriculture, he continued the policy of fiscal consolidation through maintaining a balanced budget without increasing taxes. He was known for his saying <i>L'épi sauvera le franc</i> (agriculture will save the currency).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHenri_CHERON_–_CAEF_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHenri_CHERON_–_CAEF-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He tried to provide support where possible for shopkeepers and small farmers. He accepted the need for new appropriations for water works and electrification.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJolly1977_2-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJolly1977-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While Chéron was in office the market was troubled by the scandal of <a href="/wiki/Marthe_Hanau" title="Marthe Hanau">Marthe Hanau</a>'s <i>Gazette du Franc</i>. He tried to increase confidence in the financial markets and give investors greater protection. He submitted the law of 30 December 1828 that established an insurance fund and protection against agricultural disasters. He wrote the decree of 17 February 1930 on the administrative and financial organization of municipal utilities, and participation of communes in private companies.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHenri_CHERON_–_CAEF_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHenri_CHERON_–_CAEF-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He defended the agreements in London and Washington on repayment of French debt, and the French positions at the Hague Conference on the <a href="/wiki/Bank_for_International_Settlements" title="Bank for International Settlements">Bank for International Settlements</a>. Chéron was criticized for retaining his portfolio under Tardieu and giving support to a policy of relief that he had previously condemned. He asserted that he would maintain financial stability, but on 17 February 1930 lost a vote of confidence and left the cabinet.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJolly1977_2-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJolly1977-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was replaced by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Dumont_(politician)" title="Charles Dumont (politician)">Charles Dumont</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMouré2002281_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMouré2002281-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Last_years">Last years</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Ch%C3%A9ron&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Last years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Briand,_Tardieu,_Ch%C3%A9ron_%C3%A0_la_Conf%C3%A9rence_de_La_Haye,_1930.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Briand%2C_Tardieu%2C_Ch%C3%A9ron_%C3%A0_la_Conf%C3%A9rence_de_La_Haye%2C_1930.jpg/220px-Briand%2C_Tardieu%2C_Ch%C3%A9ron_%C3%A0_la_Conf%C3%A9rence_de_La_Haye%2C_1930.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Briand%2C_Tardieu%2C_Ch%C3%A9ron_%C3%A0_la_Conf%C3%A9rence_de_La_Haye%2C_1930.jpg/330px-Briand%2C_Tardieu%2C_Ch%C3%A9ron_%C3%A0_la_Conf%C3%A9rence_de_La_Haye%2C_1930.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Briand%2C_Tardieu%2C_Ch%C3%A9ron_%C3%A0_la_Conf%C3%A9rence_de_La_Haye%2C_1930.jpg/440px-Briand%2C_Tardieu%2C_Ch%C3%A9ron_%C3%A0_la_Conf%C3%A9rence_de_La_Haye%2C_1930.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5137" data-file-height="4611" /></a><figcaption>Briand, Tardieu and Chéron at the Hague Conference in 1930</figcaption></figure> <p>On 17 November 1930 Tardieu appointed Chéron <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Justice_(France)" title="Ministry of Justice (France)">Minister of Justice</a> to replace <a href="/wiki/Raoul_P%C3%A9ret" title="Raoul Péret">Raoul Péret</a>, who was involved in the affair of the criminal bankruptcy of the banker <a href="/wiki/Albert_Oustric" title="Albert Oustric">Albert Oustric</a>. Chéron obtained approval of a parliamentary commission of inquiry. He affirmed his commitment to clean up certain financial circles and deal with the guilty to the full extent of the law.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJolly1977_2-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJolly1977-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 24 December 1930 he sent a circular to all general prosecutors in France, urging them to take the lead in prosecutions, regardless of who was involved, and not to ask for prior approval from the Ministry.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJankowski200291_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJankowski200291-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9odore_Steeg" title="Théodore Steeg">Théodore Steeg</a> retained him as Minister of Justice until 22 January 1931, when Steeg's cabinet fell.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJolly1977_2-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJolly1977-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Chéron was briefly Minister of Finance in the cabinet of <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Paul-Boncour" title="Joseph Paul-Boncour">Joseph Paul-Boncour</a> from 18 December 1832 to 21 January 1933.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHenri_CHERON_–_CAEF_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHenri_CHERON_–_CAEF-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His political allies were disgusted by his decision to join the Radical Boncour government.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJankowski2002230_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJankowski2002230-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chéron set up a committee under Charles Farnier, assistant governor of the <a href="/wiki/Banque_de_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Banque de France">Banque de France</a>, to dispel alarmist rumors about the 1933 budget deficit. In a report that was leaked to <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Temps_(Paris)" title="Le Temps (Paris)">Le Temps</a></i> on 19 January 1933 Charnier reported that the causes were an increase in state expenditure of almost 10 billion frances and a drop in tax revenue of almost 6 billion francs. The government could not count on an economic recovery solving the problem, but would have to implement an austerity program.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMouré2002165_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMouré2002165-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chéron proposed to restore a balanced budget in part through new taxes and in part through cost reductions, including civil service salaries. He lost his position when he found himself in the minority on 28 January 1933 after an all-night session.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJolly1977_2-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJolly1977-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was replaced by <a href="/wiki/Georges_Bonnet" title="Georges Bonnet">Georges Bonnet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMouré2002281_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMouré2002281-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Chéron accepted the position of Minister of Justice in the cabinet formed by <a href="/wiki/Gaston_Doumergue" title="Gaston Doumergue">Gaston Doumergue</a> after 6 February 1934.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJolly1977_2-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJolly1977-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 1934 Chéron submitted a bill that barred naturalized citizens from certain occupations for a period after they had obtained citizenship. These would include positions in the civil service, semi-public professions such as notaries, and lawyers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFette2012119–120_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFette2012119–120-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nothing was done about the proposal until June 1934, when Deputy Aulois proposed a similar but more restrictive law in the Chamber.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFette2012120_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFette2012120-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was approved by the Chamber and then by the Senate without debate, and became law on 19 July 1934. Naturalized citizens now had to wait for ten years before they could practice law in France.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFette2012121_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFette2012121-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The communist journal <i><a href="/wiki/L%27Humanit%C3%A9" title="L'Humanité">L'Humanité</a></i> of 29 September 1934 cited a circular issued by Chéron to public prosecutors in frontier areas warning them to monitor communists, who were "inciting soldiers to disobey their leaders" and were sabotaging mobilization.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETumblety2012160_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETumblety2012160-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Chéron was appointed Justice Minister at a time when the <a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Stavisky" title="Alexandre Stavisky">Stavisky</a> scandal had come into the open. He said, "We have arrived at a time when the public consciousness craves closure" and pressed for a faster investigation, although maintaining at times that he respected judicial freedom. While worrying about the effect the revelations would have on the government, he had to deal with constant questions from a 44-member parliamentary commission of inquiry which continued throughout his term of office.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJankowski2002230_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJankowski2002230-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In August 1934 <a href="/wiki/Georges_Mandel" title="Georges Mandel">Georges Mandel</a> accused Chéron of refraining from prosecuting friends of Stavisky. The commission of inquiry passed a motion asking what Chéron had done about 26 cases they had sent him to have investigated. <i>Le Cri du Jour</i> said Chéron must resign and action must be taken on these cases or Mandel would bring down Doumerge's government.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESherwood1970146_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESherwood1970146-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chéron's loyalty was questioned over the affair of Albert Prince.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chéron resigned on 14 October 1934.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJolly1977_2-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJolly1977-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Chéron remained in the Senate until his death, but was no longer as active. He died at Lisieux following surgery on 14 April 1936, aged 69.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJolly1977_2-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJolly1977-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The anarchist <a href="/wiki/Victor_M%C3%A9ric" title="Victor Méric">Victor Méric</a> wrote a hostile profile in January 1910 in which he described Chéron as having a round head, thick beard, and small eyes almost glued to the side of a thick nose, giving the impression of an educated calf.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMéric1910_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMéric1910-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A more sympathetic author, writing of Chéron in 1931, described him as a huge, jovial figure, full of energy, a gourmand with an enormous appetite.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanet-Rivet201279–80_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanet-Rivet201279–80-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is an <i>Avenue Henry Chéron</i> in Caen and a <i>Rue Henry Chéron</i> in Lisieux.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvenue_Henry_Chéron_Caen_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvenue_Henry_Chéron_Caen-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERue_Henry_Chéron_Lisieux_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERue_Henry_Chéron_Lisieux-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publications">Publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Ch%C3%A9ron&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFChéron1904" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Chéron (1904). <i>Rapport présenté au Conseil général dans la session d'août 1904, par M. Chéron, au nom de la Commission chargée d'examiner les modifications à apporter au règlement départemental de l'assistance médicale gratuite</i> (in French). Caen: C. Valin. p. 8.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rapport+pr%C3%A9sent%C3%A9+au+Conseil+g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral+dans+la+session+d%27ao%C3%BBt+1904%2C+par+M.+Ch%C3%A9ron%2C+au+nom+de+la+Commission+charg%C3%A9e+d%27examiner+les+modifications+%C3%A0+apporter+au+r%C3%A8glement+d%C3%A9partemental+de+l%27assistance+m%C3%A9dicale+gratuite&rft.place=Caen&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=C.+Valin&rft.date=1904&rft.au=Ch%C3%A9ron&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Ch%C3%A9ron" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChéron1906" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Chéron (1906). <i>Rapport... [Budget général de l'exercice 1907 (Ministère de l'intérieur; service pénitentiaire)] [13 juillet 1906]</i> (in French). Paris: Impr. de Motteroz et Martinet. p. 74.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rapport...+%5BBudget+g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral+de+l%27exercice+1907+%28Minist%C3%A8re+de+l%27int%C3%A9rieur%3B+service+p%C3%A9nitentiaire%29%5D+%5B13+juillet+1906%5D&rft.place=Paris&rft.pages=74&rft.pub=Impr.+de+Motteroz+et+Martinet&rft.date=1906&rft.au=Ch%C3%A9ron&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Ch%C3%A9ron" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChéron1907" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Chéron (1907). <i>Département du Calvados. Assistance des vieillards, des infirmes et des incurables privés de ressources (loi du 14 juillet 1907). I. Rapport présenté au Conseil général par la Commission spéciale chargée d'étudier le Règlement départemental (délibération du Conseil général du 20 août 1906). (Signé : Chéron.) II. Règlement départemental voté par le Conseil général le 22 août 1906</i> (in French). Caen: C. Valin. p. 34.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=D%C3%A9partement+du+Calvados.+Assistance+des+vieillards%2C+des+infirmes+et+des+incurables+priv%C3%A9s+de+ressources+%28loi+du+14+juillet+1907%29.+I.+Rapport+pr%C3%A9sent%C3%A9+au+Conseil+g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral+par+la+Commission+sp%C3%A9ciale+charg%C3%A9e+d%27%C3%A9tudier+le+R%C3%A8glement+d%C3%A9partemental+%28d%C3%A9lib%C3%A9ration+du+Conseil+g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral+du+20+ao%C3%BBt+1906%29.+%28Sign%C3%A9+%3A+Ch%C3%A9ron.%29+II.+R%C3%A8glement+d%C3%A9partemental+vot%C3%A9+par+le+Conseil+g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral+le+22+ao%C3%BBt+1906&rft.place=Caen&rft.pages=34&rft.pub=C.+Valin&rft.date=1907&rft.au=Ch%C3%A9ron&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Ch%C3%A9ron" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChéron1918" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Chéron (1918). <i>La Loi du 9 mars 1918 sur les loyers, commentaire par Henry Chéron,... Emile Bender,...</i> (in French). Paris: Dalloz. p. 343.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+Loi+du+9+mars+1918+sur+les+loyers%2C+commentaire+par+Henry+Ch%C3%A9ron%2C...+Emile+Bender%2C...&rft.place=Paris&rft.pages=343&rft.pub=Dalloz&rft.date=1918&rft.au=Ch%C3%A9ron&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Ch%C3%A9ron" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChéron1922" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Chéron (1922). <i>1er Salon de la machine agricole tenu à Paris au Grand Palais des Champs-Elysées du 28 janvier au 5 février 1922</i> (in French). Paris: A. Davy et fils aîné. p. 24.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=1er+Salon+de+la+machine+agricole+tenu+%C3%A0+Paris+au+Grand+Palais+des+Champs-Elys%C3%A9es+du+28+janvier+au+5+f%C3%A9vrier+1922&rft.place=Paris&rft.pages=24&rft.pub=A.+Davy+et+fils+a%C3%AEn%C3%A9&rft.date=1922&rft.au=Ch%C3%A9ron&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Ch%C3%A9ron" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Ch%C3%A9ron&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Albert Prince, the magistrate who had been leading the investigation into the Stavisky affair, was found dead on 20 February 1934 on the Paris-Dijon railway, with an open and empty briefcase nearby. He had been seen the day before struggling with two men in a motor vehicle. Prince had been scheduled to soon give an initial report of his investigations to Chéron. The case was never solved. Public outrage eventually forced Chéron to resign.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVivian2009_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVivian2009-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </span> </li> </ol></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHenri_CHERON_–_CAEF-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHenri_CHERON_–_CAEF_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHenri_CHERON_–_CAEF_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHenri_CHERON_–_CAEF_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHenri_CHERON_–_CAEF_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHenri_CHERON_–_CAEF_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHenri_CHERON_–_CAEF_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHenri_CHERON_–_CAEF_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHenri_CHERON_–_CAEF">Henri CHERON – CAEF</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJolly1977-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJolly1977_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJolly1977_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJolly1977_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJolly1977_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJolly1977_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJolly1977_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJolly1977_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJolly1977_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJolly1977_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJolly1977_2-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJolly1977_2-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJolly1977_2-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJolly1977_2-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJolly1977_2-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJolly1977_2-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJolly1977_2-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJolly1977_2-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJolly1977_2-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJolly1977_2-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJolly1977">Jolly 1977</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchneider200285-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchneider200285_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSchneider2002">Schneider 2002</a>, p. 85.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERoberts2009110-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoberts2009110_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoberts2009110_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRoberts2009">Roberts 2009</a>, p. 110.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERoberts2009112-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoberts2009112_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoberts2009112_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRoberts2009">Roberts 2009</a>, p. 112.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERoberts2009121-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoberts2009121_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRoberts2009">Roberts 2009</a>, p. 121.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETumblety201272-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETumblety201272_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTumblety2012">Tumblety 2012</a>, p. 72.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJankowski200291-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJankowski200291_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJankowski200291_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJankowski2002">Jankowski 2002</a>, p. 91.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMouré2002281-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMouré2002281_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMouré2002281_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMouré2002">Mouré 2002</a>, p. 281.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJankowski2002230-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJankowski2002230_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJankowski2002230_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJankowski2002">Jankowski 2002</a>, p. 230.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMouré2002165-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMouré2002165_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMouré2002">Mouré 2002</a>, p. 165.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFette2012119–120-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFette2012119–120_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFette2012">Fette 2012</a>, p. 119–120.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFette2012120-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFette2012120_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFette2012">Fette 2012</a>, p. 120.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFette2012121-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFette2012121_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFette2012">Fette 2012</a>, p. 121.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETumblety2012160-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETumblety2012160_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTumblety2012">Tumblety 2012</a>, p. 160.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESherwood1970146-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESherwood1970146_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSherwood1970">Sherwood 1970</a>, p. 146.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVivian2009-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVivian2009_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVivian2009">Vivian 2009</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMéric1910-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMéric1910_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMéric1910">Méric 1910</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanet-Rivet201279–80-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanet-Rivet201279–80_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBanet-Rivet2012">Banet-Rivet 2012</a>, p. 79–80.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvenue_Henry_Chéron_Caen-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvenue_Henry_Chéron_Caen_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAvenue_Henry_Chéron_Caen">Avenue Henry Chéron Caen</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERue_Henry_Chéron_Lisieux-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERue_Henry_Chéron_Lisieux_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRue_Henry_Chéron_Lisieux">Rue Henry Chéron Lisieux</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style 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decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Henri_Ch%C3%A9ron" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Henri Chéron">Henri Chéron</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Ch%C3%A9ron&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAvenue_Henry_Chéron_Caen" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gralon.net/plan-ville/planr-avenue-henry-cheron-caen-234875.htm">"Avenue Henry Chéron Caen"</a>. <i>Gralon</i> (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-06-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gralon&rft.atitle=Avenue+Henry+Ch%C3%A9ron+Caen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gralon.net%2Fplan-ville%2Fplanr-avenue-henry-cheron-caen-234875.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Ch%C3%A9ron" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBanet-Rivet2012" class="citation book cs1">Banet-Rivet, Raoul (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8l1iy651BvYC&pg=PA79"><i>Souvenirs 1893 - 1958</i></a>. BoD - Books on Demand France. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-8106-2475-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-8106-2475-1"><bdi>978-2-8106-2475-1</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-06-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Souvenirs+1893+-+1958&rft.pub=BoD+-+Books+on+Demand+France&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-2-8106-2475-1&rft.aulast=Banet-Rivet&rft.aufirst=Raoul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8l1iy651BvYC%26pg%3DPA79&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Ch%C3%A9ron" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFette2012" class="citation book cs1">Fette, Julie (2012-03-27). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/exclusionspracti00fett"><i>Exclusions: Practicing Prejudice in French Law and Medicine, 1920-1945</i></a></span>. Cornell University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/exclusionspracti00fett/page/119">119</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8014-6446-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8014-6446-1"><bdi>978-0-8014-6446-1</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-06-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Exclusions%3A+Practicing+Prejudice+in+French+Law+and+Medicine%2C+1920-1945&rft.pages=119&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=2012-03-27&rft.isbn=978-0-8014-6446-1&rft.aulast=Fette&rft.aufirst=Julie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fexclusionspracti00fett&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Ch%C3%A9ron" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenri_CHERON_–_CAEF" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economie.gouv.fr/caef/henri-cheron">"Henri CHERON"</a>. <i>CAEF</i> (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-06-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CAEF&rft.atitle=Henri+CHERON&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.economie.gouv.fr%2Fcaef%2Fhenri-cheron&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Ch%C3%A9ron" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJolly1977" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Jolly, Jean (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.senat.fr/senateur-3eme-republique/cheron_henry0337r3.html">"CHÉRON (HENRY, FRÉDÉRIC)"</a>. <i>Dictionnaire des parlementaires français de 1889 à 1940</i> (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-06-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=CH%C3%89RON+%28HENRY%2C+FR%C3%89D%C3%89RIC%29&rft.btitle=Dictionnaire+des+parlementaires+fran%C3%A7ais+de+1889+%C3%A0+1940&rft.date=1977&rft.aulast=Jolly&rft.aufirst=Jean&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.senat.fr%2Fsenateur-3eme-republique%2Fcheron_henry0337r3.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Ch%C3%A9ron" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJankowski2002" class="citation book cs1">Jankowski, Paul (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=r7Byd-NqkFQC&pg=PA230"><i>Stavisky: A Confidence Man in the Republic of Virtue</i></a>. Cornell University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8014-3959-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-8014-3959-0"><bdi>0-8014-3959-0</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-06-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stavisky%3A+A+Confidence+Man+in+the+Republic+of+Virtue&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-8014-3959-0&rft.aulast=Jankowski&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dr7Byd-NqkFQC%26pg%3DPA230&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Ch%C3%A9ron" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMéric1910" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Méric, Victor (1910-01-23). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bmlisieux.com/normandie/cheron01.htm">"Henry Chéron"</a>. <i>Les Hommes du Jour</i> (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-06-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Les+Hommes+du+Jour&rft.atitle=Henry+Ch%C3%A9ron&rft.date=1910-01-23&rft.aulast=M%C3%A9ric&rft.aufirst=Victor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bmlisieux.com%2Fnormandie%2Fcheron01.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Ch%C3%A9ron" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMouré2002" class="citation book cs1">Mouré, Kenneth (2002-04-30). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EEZiO1SSPJsC&pg=PA165"><i>Managing the Franc Poincaré: Economic Understanding and Political Constraint in French Monetary Policy, 1928-1936</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-52284-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-52284-7"><bdi>978-0-521-52284-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-06-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Managing+the+Franc+Poincar%C3%A9%3A+Economic+Understanding+and+Political+Constraint+in+French+Monetary+Policy%2C+1928-1936&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2002-04-30&rft.isbn=978-0-521-52284-7&rft.aulast=Mour%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEEZiO1SSPJsC%26pg%3DPA165&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Ch%C3%A9ron" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoberts2009" class="citation book cs1">Roberts, Mary Louise (2009-02-15). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3oTXQHjKXREC&pg=PA112"><i>Civilization without Sexes: Reconstructing Gender in Postwar France, 1917-1927</i></a>. University of Chicago Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-72127-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-72127-9"><bdi>978-0-226-72127-9</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-06-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Civilization+without+Sexes%3A+Reconstructing+Gender+in+Postwar+France%2C+1917-1927&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2009-02-15&rft.isbn=978-0-226-72127-9&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=Mary+Louise&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3oTXQHjKXREC%26pg%3DPA112&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Ch%C3%A9ron" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRue_Henry_Chéron_Lisieux" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gralon.net/plan-ville/planr-rue-henry-cheron-lisieux-236394.htm">"Rue Henry Chéron Lisieux"</a>. <i>Gralon</i> (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-06-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gralon&rft.atitle=Rue+Henry+Ch%C3%A9ron+Lisieux&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gralon.net%2Fplan-ville%2Fplanr-rue-henry-cheron-lisieux-236394.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Ch%C3%A9ron" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchneider2002" class="citation book cs1">Schneider, William H. (2002-08-08). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GCpvrsvGR5IC&pg=PA85"><i>Quality and Quantity: The Quest for Biological Regeneration in Twentieth-Century France</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-52461-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-52461-2"><bdi>978-0-521-52461-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Quality+and+Quantity%3A+The+Quest+for+Biological+Regeneration+in+Twentieth-Century+France&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2002-08-08&rft.isbn=978-0-521-52461-2&rft.aulast=Schneider&rft.aufirst=William+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGCpvrsvGR5IC%26pg%3DPA85&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Ch%C3%A9ron" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSherwood1970" class="citation book cs1">Sherwood, John M. (1970-01-01). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/georgesmandelthi0000sher"><i>Georges Mandel and the Third Republic</i></a></span>. Stanford University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/georgesmandelthi0000sher/page/146">146</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-0731-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-0731-2"><bdi>978-0-8047-0731-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-06-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Georges+Mandel+and+the+Third+Republic&rft.pages=146&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=1970-01-01&rft.isbn=978-0-8047-0731-2&rft.aulast=Sherwood&rft.aufirst=John+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgeorgesmandelthi0000sher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Ch%C3%A9ron" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTumblety2012" class="citation book cs1">Tumblety, Joan (2012-10-04). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TkloAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA72"><i>Remaking the Male Body: Masculinity and the uses of Physical Culture in Interwar and Vichy France</i></a>. OUP Oxford. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-163689-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-163689-9"><bdi>978-0-19-163689-9</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-06-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Remaking+the+Male+Body%3A+Masculinity+and+the+uses+of+Physical+Culture+in+Interwar+and+Vichy+France&rft.pub=OUP+Oxford&rft.date=2012-10-04&rft.isbn=978-0-19-163689-9&rft.aulast=Tumblety&rft.aufirst=Joan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTkloAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA72&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Ch%C3%A9ron" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVivian2009" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Vivian, Éric (2009-10-21). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100803011608/http://magistratures.20minutes-blogs.fr/tag/ch%C3%A9ron%20%28henry%29">"La mort inexpliquée du magistrat Albert PRINCE, le 20 février 1934"</a> (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://magistratures.20minutes-blogs.fr/tag/ch%C3%A9ron+(henry)">the original</a> on 2010-08-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-06-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=La+mort+inexpliqu%C3%A9e+du+magistrat+Albert+PRINCE%2C+le+20+f%C3%A9vrier+1934&rft.date=2009-10-21&rft.aulast=Vivian&rft.aufirst=%C3%89ric&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmagistratures.20minutes-blogs.fr%2Ftag%2Fch%25C3%25A9ron%2B%28henry%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Ch%C3%A9ron" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Ch%C3%A9ron&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLebaillif1931" class="citation book cs1">Lebaillif, A.. (1931). <i>Henry Chéron. L'Aigle de Lisieux</i>. A. Mouville, Ozanne et Cie. p. 56.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Henry+Ch%C3%A9ron.+L%27Aigle+de+Lisieux&rft.pages=56&rft.pub=A.+Mouville%2C+Ozanne+et+Cie&rft.date=1931&rft.aulast=Lebaillif&rft.aufirst=A..&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Ch%C3%A9ron" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobert2010" class="citation book cs1">Robert, Yves (2010). <i>Henry Chéron, 1867-1936: un grand nom de l'histoire normande</i>. Cahiers du temps. p. 111. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-35507-033-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-35507-033-4"><bdi>978-2-35507-033-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Henry+Ch%C3%A9ron%2C+1867-1936%3A+un+grand+nom+de+l%27histoire+normande&rft.pages=111&rft.pub=Cahiers+du+temps&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-2-35507-033-4&rft.aulast=Robert&rft.aufirst=Yves&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+Ch%C3%A9ron" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output 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ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Finance_Ministers_of_France" title="Template:Finance Ministers of France"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Finance_Ministers_of_France" title="Template talk:Finance Ministers of France"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Finance_Ministers_of_France" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Finance Ministers of France"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Finance_ministers_of_France" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_finance_ministers_of_France" title="List of finance ministers of France">Finance ministers</a> of <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Superintendent_of_Finances" title="Superintendent of Finances">Superintendent of Finances</a> (1561–1661)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Controller-General_of_Finances" title="Controller-General of Finances">Controller-General of Finances</a> (1661–1791)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Valois" title="House of Valois">House of Valois</a><br />(1518–1589)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_de_Beaune&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jacques de Beaune (page does not exist)">de Beaune</a> (1518–1524)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philibert_Babou" title="Philibert Babou">Babou</a> (1524–1544)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_du_Thiers" title="Jean du Thiers">du Thiers</a> (1544–1546)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_d%27Annebault" title="Claude d'Annebault">d'Annebault</a> (1546–1552)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andr%C3%A9_Guillart&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="André Guillart (page does not exist)">Guillart</a> (1552–1556)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_d%27Avan%C3%A7on&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean d'Avançon (page does not exist)">d'Avançon</a> (1556–1559)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles,_Cardinal_of_Lorraine" title="Charles, Cardinal of Lorraine">de Lorraine</a> (1559–1560)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artus_de_Coss%C3%A9-Brissac" class="mw-redirect" title="Artus de Cossé-Brissac">de Cossé-Brissac</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_d%27Ongnyes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis d'Ongnyes (page does not exist)">d'Ongnyes</a> (1561–1567)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_de_Birague" title="René de Birague">de Birague</a> (1568–1570)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomponne_de_Belli%C3%A8vre" title="Pomponne de Bellièvre">de Bellièvre</a> (1574–1588)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_d%27O" title="François d'O">d'O</a> (1588–1589)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon" title="House of Bourbon">House of Bourbon</a><br />(1589–1792)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_d%27O" title="François d'O">d'O</a> (1589–1594)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilien_de_B%C3%A9thune,_Duke_of_Sully" title="Maximilien de Béthune, Duke of Sully">de Béthune</a> (1598–1611)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Jeannin" title="Pierre Jeannin">Jeannin</a> (1614–1619)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Schomberg" title="Henri de Schomberg">de Schomberg</a> (1619–1622)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_La_Vieuville" title="Charles de La Vieuville">de La Vieuville</a> (1623–1624)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Bochart_de_Champigny" title="Jean Bochart de Champigny">de Champigny</a>/<a href="/wiki/Michel_de_Marillac" title="Michel de Marillac">de Marillac</a> (1624–1626)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Co%C3%ABffier_de_Ruz%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Antoine Coëffier de Ruzé">de Ruzé</a> (1626–1632)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_de_Bullion" title="Claude de Bullion">de Bullion</a>/<a href="/wiki/Claude_Bouthillier" title="Claude Bouthillier">Bouthillier</a> (1632–1640)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Bouthillier" title="Claude Bouthillier">Bouthillier</a> (1640–1643)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicolas_de_Bailleul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicolas de Bailleul (page does not exist)">de Bailleul</a>/<a href="/wiki/Claude_de_Mesmes,_comte_d%27Avaux" title="Claude de Mesmes, comte d'Avaux">de Mesmes</a> (1643–1647)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Particelli_d%27Emery" title="Michel Particelli d'Emery">d'Emery</a> (1647–1648)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_La_Porte" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles de La Porte">de La Porte</a> (1648–1649)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Particelli_d%27Emery" title="Michel Particelli d'Emery">d'Emery</a>/<a href="/wiki/Claude_de_Mesmes" class="mw-redirect" title="Claude de Mesmes">de Mesmes</a> (1649–1650)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_de_Longueil" title="René de Longueil">de Longueil</a> (1650–1651)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_La_Vieuville" title="Charles de La Vieuville">de La Vieuville</a> (1651–1653)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abel_Servien" title="Abel Servien">Servien</a>/<a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Fouquet" title="Nicolas Fouquet">Fouquet</a> (1653–1659)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Fouquet" title="Nicolas Fouquet">Fouquet</a> (1659–1661)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Colbert" title="Jean-Baptiste Colbert">Colbert</a> (1661–1683)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Claude_Le_Pelletier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Claude Le Pelletier (page does not exist)">Le Pelletier</a> (1683–1689)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Ph%C3%A9lypeaux,_comte_de_Pontchartrain" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis Phélypeaux, comte de Pontchartrain">Phélypeaux</a> (1689–1699)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Chamillart" title="Michel Chamillart">Chamillart</a> (1699–1708)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Desmarets" title="Nicolas Desmarets">Desmarets</a> (1708–1715)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrien_Maurice_de_Noailles" class="mw-redirect" title="Adrien Maurice de Noailles">de Noailles</a> (1715–1718)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri-Jacques_Nompar_de_Caumont,_duc_de_La_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Henri-Jacques Nompar de Caumont, duc de La Force">de Caumont</a> (1718–January 1720)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc-Ren%C3%A9_de_Voyer_de_Paulmy_d%27Argenson_(1652%E2%80%931721)" title="Marc-René de Voyer de Paulmy d'Argenson (1652–1721)">de Voyer de Paulmy d'Argenson</a> (1718–January 1720)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Law_(economist)" title="John Law (economist)">Law</a> (January–May 1720)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michel_Robert_Le_Peletier_des_Forts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michel Robert Le Peletier des Forts (page does not exist)">des Forts</a> (May–December 1720)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Le_Pelletier_de_La_Houssaye" title="Félix Le Pelletier de La Houssaye">de La Houssaye</a> (December 1720–1722)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Gaspard_Dodun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Gaspard Dodun (page does not exist)">Dodun</a> (1722–1726)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michel_Robert_Le_Peletier_des_Forts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michel Robert Le Peletier des Forts (page does not exist)">des Forts</a> (1726–1730)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philibert_Orry" title="Philibert Orry">Orry</a> (1730–1745)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_de_Machault_d%27Arnouville" title="Jean-Baptiste de Machault d'Arnouville">d'Arnouville</a> (1745–1754)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Moreau_de_S%C3%A9chelles" title="Jean Moreau de Séchelles">de Séchelles</a> (1754–1756)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Marie_Peyrenc_de_Moras" title="François Marie Peyrenc de Moras">de Moras</a> (1756–1757)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_de_Boullonges" title="Jean de Boullonges">de Boullonges</a> (1757–1759)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_de_Silhouette" title="Étienne de Silhouette">de Silhouette</a> (1759)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_L%C3%A9onard_Jean_Baptiste_Bertin" class="mw-redirect" title="Henri Léonard Jean Baptiste Bertin">Bertin</a> (1759–1763)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cl%C3%A9ment_Charles_Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Laverdy" title="Clément Charles François de Laverdy">de Laverdy</a> (1763–1768)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Maynon_d%27Invault" title="Étienne Maynon d'Invault">d'Invault</a> (1768–1769)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Marie_Terray" title="Joseph Marie Terray">Terray</a> (1769–1774)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Robert_Jacques_Turgot" title="Anne Robert Jacques Turgot">Turgot</a> (1774–1776)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_%C3%89tienne_Bernard_Ogier_de_Clugny&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Étienne Bernard Ogier de Clugny (page does not exist)">de Clugny</a> (1776)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis-Gabriel_Taboureau_des_R%C3%A9aux&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis-Gabriel Taboureau des Réaux (page does not exist)">des Réaux</a> (1776–1777)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Necker" title="Jacques Necker">Necker</a> (1777–1781)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Joly_de_Fleury" title="Jean-François Joly de Fleury">de Fleury</a> (1781–1783)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Paule_Lef%C3%A8vre_d%27Ormesson" class="mw-redirect" title="Henri François de Paule Lefèvre d'Ormesson">d'Ormesson</a> (1783)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Alexandre_de_Calonne" title="Charles Alexandre de Calonne">de Calonne</a> (1783–1787)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michel_Bouvard_de_Fourqueux&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michel Bouvard de Fourqueux (page does not exist)">de Fourqueux</a> (1787)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Charles_de_Lom%C3%A9nie_de_Brienne" title="Étienne Charles de Loménie de Brienne">de Brienne</a> (1787–1788)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Necker" title="Jacques Necker">Necker</a> (1788–1789)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Auguste_Le_Tonnelier_de_Breteuil" title="Louis Auguste Le Tonnelier de Breteuil">de Breteuil</a> (1789)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Necker" title="Jacques Necker">Necker</a> (1789–1790)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Claude_Guillaume_Lambert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Claude Guillaume Lambert (page does not exist)">Lambert</a> (1790)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Antoine_de_Valdec_de_Lessart" title="Claude Antoine de Valdec de Lessart">de Lessart</a> (1790–1791)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_Hardouin_Tarb%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis Hardouin Tarbé (page does not exist)">Tarbé</a> (1791–March 1792)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Clavi%C3%A8re" title="Étienne Clavière">Clavière</a> (March–13 June 1792)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Duranthon" class="mw-redirect" title="Antoine Duranthon">Duranthon</a> (13 June–18 June 1792)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jules_%C3%89mile_Fran%C3%A7ois_Herv%C3%A9_de_Beaulieu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jules Émile François Hervé de Beaulieu (page does not exist)">de Beaulieu</a> (18 June–29 July 1792)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Delaville-Leroulx&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Delaville-Leroulx (page does not exist)">Delaville-Leroulx</a> (29 July–10 August 1792)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Clavi%C3%A8re" title="Étienne Clavière">Clavière</a> (10 August–21 September 1792)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/French_First_Republic" title="French First Republic">First Republic</a><br />(1792–1804)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Clavi%C3%A8re" title="Étienne Clavière">Clavière</a> (21 September 1792–1793)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Gr%C3%A9goire_Deschamps_Destournelles" title="Louis Grégoire Deschamps Destournelles">Destournelles</a> (1793–1794)</li> <li><i>Vacant</i> (1794–1795)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillaume-Charles_Faipoult" title="Guillaume-Charles Faipoult">Faipoult</a> (1795–1796)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominique-Vincent_Ramel-Nogaret" title="Dominique-Vincent Ramel-Nogaret">Ramel-Nogaret</a> (1796–July 1799)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Robert_Lindet" title="Jean-Baptiste Robert Lindet">Lindet</a> (July–November 1799)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin-Michel-Charles_Gaudin" class="mw-redirect" title="Martin-Michel-Charles Gaudin">Gaudin</a> (1799–1804)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/First_French_Empire" title="First French Empire">House of Bonaparte</a><br />(1804–1814)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martin-Michel-Charles_Gaudin" class="mw-redirect" title="Martin-Michel-Charles Gaudin">Gaudin</a> (1804–1814)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bourbon_Restoration_in_France" title="Bourbon Restoration in France">House of Bourbon</a><br />(1814–1815)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Dominique,_baron_Louis" title="Joseph Dominique, baron Louis">Dominique</a> (1814–1815)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hundred_Days" title="Hundred Days">House of Bonaparte</a><br />(1815)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martin-Michel-Charles_Gaudin" class="mw-redirect" title="Martin-Michel-Charles Gaudin">Gaudin</a> (March–July 1815)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bourbon_Restoration_in_France" title="Bourbon Restoration in France">House of Bourbon</a><br />(1815–1830)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Dominique,_baron_Louis" title="Joseph Dominique, baron Louis">Dominique</a> (July–September 1815)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Emmanuel_Corvetto" title="Louis-Emmanuel Corvetto">Corvetto</a> (September 1815–December 1818)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Roy" title="Antoine Roy">Roy</a> (7 December–29 December 1818)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Dominique,_baron_Louis" title="Joseph Dominique, baron Louis">Dominique</a> (December 29, 1818–November 1819)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Roy" title="Antoine Roy">Roy</a> (1819–1821)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_de_Vill%C3%A8le" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean-Baptiste de Villèle">de Villèle</a> (1821–1828)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Roy" title="Antoine Roy">Roy</a> (1828–1829)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christophe_de_Chabrol_de_Crouzol" title="Christophe de Chabrol de Crouzol">de Crouzol</a> (1829–May 1830)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillaume-Isidore_Baron_de_Montbel" title="Guillaume-Isidore Baron de Montbel">de Montbel</a> (May–July 1830)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Dominique,_baron_Louis" title="Joseph Dominique, baron Louis">Dominique</a> (July–August 1830)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/July_Monarchy" title="July Monarchy">House of Orléans</a><br />(1830–1848)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Dominique,_baron_Louis" title="Joseph Dominique, baron Louis">Dominique</a> (August–November 1830)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Laffitte" title="Jacques Laffitte">Laffitte</a> (1830–1831)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Dominique,_baron_Louis" title="Joseph Dominique, baron Louis">Dominique</a> (1831–1832)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Humann" title="Georges Humann">Humann</a> (1832–10 November 1834)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippolyte_Passy" title="Hippolyte Passy">Passy</a> (10 November–18 November 1834)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Humann" title="Georges Humann">Humann</a> (18 November 1834–1836)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Maurice_Apollinaire_d%27Argout" title="Antoine Maurice Apollinaire d'Argout">d'Argout</a> (January–September 1836)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanneguy_Duch%C3%A2tel" title="Tanneguy Duchâtel">Duchâtel</a> (1836–1837)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Lacave-Laplagne" title="Jean Lacave-Laplagne">Lacave-Laplagne</a> (1837–March 1839)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-%C3%89lie_Gautier" title="Jean-Élie Gautier">Gautier</a> (March–May 1839)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippolyte_Passy" title="Hippolyte Passy">Passy</a> (May 1839–March 1840)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Pelet_de_la_Loz%C3%A8re" title="Joseph Pelet de la Lozère">de la Lozère</a> (March 1840–October 1840)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Humann" title="Georges Humann">Humann</a> (October 1840–1842)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Lacave-Laplagne" title="Jean Lacave-Laplagne">Lacave-Laplagne</a> (1842–1847)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Sylvain_Dumon" title="Pierre Sylvain Dumon">Dumon</a> (1847–February 1848)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/French_Second_Republic" title="French Second Republic">Second Republic</a><br />(1848–1852)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Goudchaux" title="Michel Goudchaux">Goudchaux</a> (February–March 1848)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Antoine_Garnier-Pag%C3%A8s" title="Louis-Antoine Garnier-Pagès">Garnier-Pagès</a> (March–May 1848)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Duclerc" title="Charles Duclerc">Duclerc</a> (May–June 1848)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Goudchaux" title="Michel Goudchaux">Goudchaux</a> (June–October 1848)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariste_Jacques_Trouv%C3%A9-Chauvel" title="Ariste Jacques Trouvé-Chauvel">Trouvé-Chauvel</a> (October–December 1848)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippolyte_Passy" title="Hippolyte Passy">Passy</a> (December 1848–October 1849)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achille_Fould" title="Achille Fould">Fould</a> (October 1849–January 1851)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Le_B%C3%A8gue_de_Germiny" title="Charles Le Bègue de Germiny">de Germiny</a> (January–April 1851)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achille_Fould" title="Achille Fould">Fould</a> (April–October 1851)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Blondel" title="Antoine Blondel">Blondel</a> (October–November 1851)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Xavier_Joseph_de_Casabianca" title="François-Xavier Joseph de Casabianca">de Casabianca</a> (November–December 1851)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achille_Fould" title="Achille Fould">Fould</a> (December 1851–January 1852)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Second_French_Empire" title="Second French Empire">House of Bonaparte</a><br />(1852–1870)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Martial_Bineau" title="Jean-Martial Bineau">Bineau</a> (January 1852–1855)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Magne" title="Pierre Magne">Magne</a> (1855–1860)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolphe_de_Forcade_La_Roquette" title="Adolphe de Forcade La Roquette">La Roquette</a> (1860–1861)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achille_Fould" title="Achille Fould">Fould</a> (1861–1867)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Rouher" title="Eugène Rouher">Rouher</a> (January–November 1867)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Magne" title="Pierre Magne">Magne</a> (1867–January 1870)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Buffet" title="Louis Buffet">Buffet</a> (January–April 1870)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89mile_Alexis_Segris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Émile Alexis Segris (page does not exist)">Segris</a> (April–August 1870)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Magne" title="Pierre Magne">Magne</a> (August–September 1870)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/French_Third_Republic" title="French Third Republic">Third Republic</a><br />(1870–1940)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Picard" title="Ernest Picard">Picard</a> (September 1870–19 February 1871)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Buffet" title="Louis Buffet">Buffet</a> (19 February–25 February 1871)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustin_Pouyer-Quertier" title="Augustin Pouyer-Quertier">Pouyer-Quertier</a> (1871–1872)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eug%C3%A8ne_de_Goulard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eugène de Goulard (page does not exist)">de Goulard</a> (April–December 1872)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Say" title="Léon Say">Say</a> (December 1872–1873)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Magne" title="Pierre Magne">Magne</a> (1873–1874)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Mathieu-Bodet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre Mathieu-Bodet (page does not exist)">Mathieu-Bodet</a> (1874–1875)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Say" title="Léon Say">Say</a> (1875–May 1877)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Caillaux" title="Eugène Caillaux">Caillaux</a> (May 1877–November 1877)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Dutilleul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="François Dutilleul (page does not exist)">Dutilleul</a> (November–December 1877)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Say" title="Léon Say">Say</a> (1877–1879)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Magnin" title="Pierre Magnin">Magnin</a> (1879–1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Allain-Targ%C3%A9" title="François Allain-Targé">Allain-Targé</a> (1881–1882)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Say" title="Léon Say">Say</a> (January–August 1882)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Tirard" title="Pierre Tirard">Tirard</a> (August 1882–6 April 1885)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Clamageran" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean Clamageran">Clamageran</a> (6 April–16 April 1885)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Fran%C3%A7ois_Sadi_Carnot" class="mw-redirect" title="Marie François Sadi Carnot">Carnot</a> (16 April 1885–December 1886)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Dauphin" title="Albert Dauphin">Dauphin</a> (December 1886–May 1887)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Rouvier" title="Maurice Rouvier">Rouvier</a> (May–December 1887)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Tirard" title="Pierre Tirard">Tirard</a> (December 1887–April 1888)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Peytral" title="Paul Peytral">Peytral</a> (April 1888–1889)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Rouvier" title="Maurice Rouvier">Rouvier</a> (1889–1892)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Tirard" title="Pierre Tirard">Tirard</a> (1892–April 1893)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Peytral" title="Paul Peytral">Peytral</a> (April–December 1893)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auguste_Burdeau" title="Auguste Burdeau">Burdeau</a> (December 1893–May 1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Poincar%C3%A9" title="Raymond Poincaré">Poincaré</a> (May 1894–January 1895)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Ribot" title="Alexandre Ribot">Ribot</a> (January–November 1895)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Doumer" title="Paul Doumer">Doumer</a> (November 1895–1896)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Cochery" title="Georges Cochery">Cochery</a> (1896–1898)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Peytral" title="Paul Peytral">Peytral</a> (1898–1899)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Caillaux" title="Joseph Caillaux">Caillaux</a> (1899–1902)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Rouvier" title="Maurice Rouvier">Rouvier</a> (1902–1905)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Merlou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre Merlou (page does not exist)">Merlou</a> (1905–March 1906)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Poincar%C3%A9" title="Raymond Poincaré">Poincaré</a> (March–October 1906)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Caillaux" title="Joseph Caillaux">Caillaux</a> (October 1906–1909)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Cochery" title="Georges Cochery">Cochery</a> (1909–1910)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Lucien_Klotz" title="Louis-Lucien Klotz">Klotz</a> (1910–March 1911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Caillaux" title="Joseph Caillaux">Caillaux</a> (March–June 1911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Lucien_Klotz" title="Louis-Lucien Klotz">Klotz</a> (June 1911–March 1913)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Dumont_(politician)" title="Charles Dumont (politician)">Dumont</a> (March–December 1913)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Caillaux" title="Joseph Caillaux">Caillaux</a> (December 1913–March 1914)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Renoult" title="René Renoult">Renoult</a> (March–June 1914)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Cl%C3%A9mentel" title="Étienne Clémentel">Clémentel</a> (9 June–13 June 1914)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Noullens" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Noullens">Noullens</a> (June–August 1914)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Ribot" title="Alexandre Ribot">Ribot</a> (August 1914–1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Thierry" title="Joseph Thierry">Thierry</a> (March–September 1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Lucien_Klotz" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis Lucien Klotz">Klotz</a> (1917–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Fran%C3%A7ois-Marsal" title="Frédéric François-Marsal">François-Marsal</a> (1920–1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Doumer" title="Paul Doumer">Doumer</a> (1921–1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Lasteyrie" title="Charles de Lasteyrie">de Lasteyrie</a> (1922–1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Fran%C3%A7ois-Marsal" title="Frédéric François-Marsal">François-Marsal</a> (March–June 1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Clementel" class="mw-redirect" title="Étienne Clementel">Clementel</a> (June 1924–3 April 1925)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatole_de_Monzie" title="Anatole de Monzie">de Monzie</a> (3 April–17 April 1925)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Caillaux" title="Joseph Caillaux">Caillaux</a> (April–October 1925)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Painlev%C3%A9" title="Paul Painlevé">Painlevé</a> (October–November 1925)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Loucheur" title="Louis Loucheur">Loucheur</a> (November–December 1925)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Doumer" title="Paul Doumer">Doumer</a> (December 1925–March 1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raoul_P%C3%A9ret" title="Raoul Péret">Péret</a> (March–June 1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Caillaux" title="Joseph Caillaux">Caillaux</a> (June–July 1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatole_de_Monzie" title="Anatole de Monzie">de Monzie</a> (19 July–23 July 1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Poincar%C3%A9" title="Raymond Poincaré">Poincaré</a> (July 1926–1928)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chéron</a> (1928–February 1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Dumont_(politician)" title="Charles Dumont (politician)">Dumont</a> (February–March 1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Reynaud" title="Paul Reynaud">Reynaud</a> (March–December 1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Germain-Martin" title="Louis Germain-Martin">Germain-Martin</a> (December 1930–January 1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-%C3%89tienne_Flandin" title="Pierre-Étienne Flandin">Flandin</a> (January 1931–1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Germain-Martin" title="Louis Germain-Martin">Germain-Martin</a> (June–December 1932)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chéron</a> (December 1932–January 1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Bonnet" title="Georges Bonnet">Bonnet</a> (January 1933–January 1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Pi%C3%A9tri" title="François Piétri">Piétri</a> (January–February 1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Marchandeau" title="Paul Marchandeau">Marchandeau</a> (4 February–9 February 1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Germain-Martin" title="Louis Germain-Martin">Germain-Martin</a> (February 1934–June 1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Caillaux" title="Joseph Caillaux">Caillaux</a> (1 June–7 June 1935)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marcel_R%C3%A9gnier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marcel Régnier (page does not exist)">Régnier</a> (June 1935–1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Auriol" title="Vincent Auriol">Auriol</a> (1936–1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Bonnet" title="Georges Bonnet">Bonnet</a> (1937–January 1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Marchandeau" title="Paul Marchandeau">Marchandeau</a> (January–March 1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Blum" title="Léon Blum">Blum</a> (March–April 1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Marchandeau" title="Paul Marchandeau">Marchandeau</a> (April–November 1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Reynaud" title="Paul Reynaud">Reynaud</a> (November 1938–March 1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucien_Lamoureux_(France)" title="Lucien Lamoureux (France)">Lamoureux</a> (March–June 1940)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Vichy France</a><br />(1940–1944)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yves_Bouthillier" title="Yves Bouthillier">Bouthillier</a> (1940–1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Cathala" title="Pierre Cathala">Cathala</a> (1942–1944)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Free_France" title="Free France">Free France</a><br />(1941–1944)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Pleven" title="René Pleven">Pleven</a> (1941–1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Diethelm" title="André Diethelm">Diethelm</a> (1942–June 1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Couve_de_Murville" title="Maurice Couve de Murville">Couve de Murville</a> (June–November 1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Mend%C3%A8s_France" title="Pierre Mendès France">France</a> (November 1943–September 1944)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_the_French_Republic" title="Provisional Government of the French Republic">Provisional Government</a><br />(1944–1946)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aim%C3%A9_Lepercq" title="Aimé Lepercq">Lepercq</a> (September–November 1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Pleven" title="René Pleven">Pleven</a> (November 1944–January 1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Philip" title="André Philip">Philip</a> (January–June 1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Schuman" title="Robert Schuman">Schuman</a> (June–October 1946)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/French_Fourth_Republic" title="French Fourth Republic">Fourth Republic</a><br />(1946–1958)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Schuman" title="Robert Schuman">Schuman</a> (October–December 1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Philip" title="André Philip">Philip</a> (December 1946–January 1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Schuman" title="Robert Schuman">Schuman</a> (January–November 1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Mayer" title="René Mayer">Mayer</a> (November 1947–July 1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Reynaud" title="Paul Reynaud">Reynaud</a> (July–September 1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Pineau" title="Christian Pineau">Pineau</a> (5 September–11 September 1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Queuille" title="Henri Queuille">Queuille</a> (September 1948–January 1949)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maurice_Petsche&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maurice Petsche (page does not exist)">Petsche</a> (1949–1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Mayer" title="René Mayer">Mayer</a> (1951–January 1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Faure" title="Edgar Faure">Faure</a> (January–March 1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Pinay" title="Antoine Pinay">Pinay</a> (March 1952–January 1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Bourg%C3%A8s-Maunoury" title="Maurice Bourgès-Maunoury">Bourgès-Maunoury</a> (January–June 1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Faure" title="Edgar Faure">Faure</a> (1953–1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Buron" title="Robert Buron">Buron</a> (January–February 1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Pflimlin" title="Pierre Pflimlin">Pflimlin</a> (February 1955–February 1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Lacoste" title="Robert Lacoste">Lacoste</a> (1 February–14 February 1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Ramadier" title="Paul Ramadier">Ramadier</a> (February 1956–June 1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Gaillard" title="Félix Gaillard">Gaillard</a> (June–November 1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Pflimlin" title="Pierre Pflimlin">Pflimlin</a> (November 1957–May 1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Faure" title="Edgar Faure">Faure</a> (May–June 1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Pinay" title="Antoine Pinay">Pinay</a> (June–October 1958)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/French_Fifth_Republic" title="French Fifth Republic">Fifth Republic</a><br />(1958–present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Pinay" title="Antoine Pinay">Pinay</a> (October 1958–1960)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilfrid_Baumgartner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilfrid Baumgartner (page does not exist)">Baumgartner</a> (1960–1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Val%C3%A9ry_Giscard_d%27Estaing" title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing">Giscard d'Estaing</a> (1962–1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Debr%C3%A9" title="Michel Debré">Debré</a> (1966–May 1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Couve_de_Murville" title="Maurice Couve de Murville">Couve de Murville</a> (May–July 1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Xavier_Ortoli" title="François-Xavier Ortoli">Ortoli</a> (July 1968–June 1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Val%C3%A9ry_Giscard_d%27Estaing" title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing">Giscard d'Estaing</a> (1969–1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Fourcade" title="Jean-Pierre Fourcade">Fourcade</a> (1974–1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Barre" title="Raymond Barre">Barre</a> (1976–1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Monory" title="René Monory">Monory</a> (1978–1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Delors" title="Jacques Delors">Delors</a> (1981–1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_B%C3%A9r%C3%A9govoy" title="Pierre Bérégovoy">Bérégovoy</a> (1984–1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Balladur" title="Édouard Balladur">Balladur</a> (1986–1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_B%C3%A9r%C3%A9govoy" title="Pierre Bérégovoy">Bérégovoy</a> (1988–1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Sapin" title="Michel Sapin">Sapin</a> (1992–1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmond_Alphand%C3%A9ry" title="Edmond Alphandéry">Alphandéry</a> (1993–May 1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alain_Madelin" title="Alain Madelin">Madelin</a> (May–August 1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Arthuis" title="Jean Arthuis">Arthuis</a> (August 1995–1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominique_Strauss-Kahn" title="Dominique Strauss-Kahn">Strauss-Kahn</a> (1997–1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Sautter" title="Christian Sautter">Sautter</a> (1999–2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurent_Fabius" title="Laurent Fabius">Fabius</a> (2000–2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Mer" title="Francis Mer">Mer</a> (2002–2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Sarkozy" title="Nicolas Sarkozy">Sarkozy</a> (March–November 2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herv%C3%A9_Gaymard" title="Hervé Gaymard">Gaymard</a> (November 2004–2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thierry_Breton" title="Thierry Breton">Breton</a> (2005–May 2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Louis_Borloo" title="Jean-Louis Borloo">Borloo</a> (May–June 2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christine_Lagarde" title="Christine Lagarde">Lagarde</a> (June 2007–2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Baroin" title="François Baroin">Baroin</a> (2011–2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Moscovici" title="Pierre Moscovici">Moscovici</a> (2012–2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Sapin" title="Michel Sapin">Sapin</a> (2014–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruno_Le_Maire" title="Bruno Le Maire">Le Maire</a> (2017–2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Armand" title="Antoine Armand">Armand</a> (2024–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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href="https://viaf.org/viaf/168093254">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PCjwgcY6Td8XBgX9J6bTXHP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/143539272">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/nb2013026912">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb108901580">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb108901580">BnF data</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.assemblee-nationale.fr/sycomore/fiche/(num_dept)/1768">Sycomore</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd13330986X.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/098419250">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" 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