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class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Anneau de Bishop</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 15 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">15 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bishop%C5%AFv_kruh" title="Bishopův kruh – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bishopův kruh" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%8D%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%AF%CF%83%CE%BF%CF%80" title="Κύκλος του Μπίσοπ – grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κύκλος του Μπίσοπ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bishop%27s_Ring" title="Bishop's Ring – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Bishop's Ring" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anillo_de_Bishop" title="Anillo de Bishop – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Anillo de Bishop" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%82%D9%87_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%82%D9%81" title="حلقه اسقف – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="حلقه اسقف" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bishopin_rengas" title="Bishopin rengas – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Bishopin rengas" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bishopov_prsten" title="Bishopov prsten – croate" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Bishopov prsten" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%AB%D5%B7%D5%B8%D5%BA%D5%AB_%D6%85%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%AF" title="Բիշոպի օղակ – arménien" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բիշոպի օղակ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%93%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%83%E3%83%97%E7%92%B0" title="ビショップ環 – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ビショップ環" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EC%88%8D_%EA%B3%A0%EB%A6%AC" title="비숍 고리 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="비숍 고리" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ring_van_Bishop" title="Ring van Bishop – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ring van Bishop" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pier%C5%9Bcie%C5%84_Bishopa" title="Pierścień Bishopa – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pierścień Bishopa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bishopov_prstenec" title="Bishopov prstenec – slovaque" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Bishopov prstenec" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bishops_ring" title="Bishops ring – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bishops ring" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A0nh_%C4%91ai_Gi%C3%A1m_m%E1%BB%A5c" title="Vành đai Giám mục – vietnamien" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Vành đai Giám mục" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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connecté [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Élément Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Outils de la page"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Apparence"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Apparence</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">masquer</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><div class="bandeau-container metadata homonymie hatnote"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Aide:Homonymie" title="Aide:Homonymie"><img alt="Page d’aide sur l’homonymie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/20px-Logo_disambig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/30px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/40px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="375" /></a></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p>Pour les articles homonymes, voir <a href="/wiki/Bishop" class="mw-disambig" title="Bishop">Bishop</a>. </p> </div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:BishopRing18mei2010_18_sml.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/BishopRing18mei2010_18_sml.jpg/220px-BishopRing18mei2010_18_sml.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/BishopRing18mei2010_18_sml.jpg/330px-BishopRing18mei2010_18_sml.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/BishopRing18mei2010_18_sml.jpg/440px-BishopRing18mei2010_18_sml.jpg 2x" data-file-width="899" data-file-height="579" /></a><figcaption>Anneau de Bishop autour du soleil pendant l'éruption du volcan islandais <a href="/wiki/Eyjafjallaj%C3%B6kull" title="Eyjafjallajökull">Eyjafjallajökull</a>, photographié aux Pays-Bas le 18 mai 2010.</figcaption></figure> <p>Un <b>anneau de Bishop</b> est un cercle blanchâtre, d'un rayon d'environ <span title="0,383 972 rad" style="cursor:help">22</span> degrés, centré sur le Soleil ou la Lune, présentant une légère teinte bleuâtre à l'intérieur et brun rougeâtre à l'extérieur. L'anneau observé autour de la Lune ne présente généralement qu'une frange rouge pâle. L'anneau de Bishop est dû à la diffraction de la lumière par de fines poussières volcaniques<sup id="cite_ref-OMM_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OMM-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Villeneuve_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Villeneuve-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. La première observation historique de ce phénomène est due au révérend Sereno Bishop à <a href="/wiki/Honolulu" title="Honolulu">Honolulu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hawa%C3%AF" title="Hawaï">Hawaï</a>, en 1883 lors de l'éruption du volcan <a href="/wiki/Krakatoa" title="Krakatoa">Krakatoa</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historique">Historique</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anneau_de_Bishop&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifier la section : Historique" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anneau_de_Bishop&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Historique"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1883-08-23" data-sort-value="1883-08-23">23 août 1883</time>, le Krakatoa projette une énorme quantité de cendre et de gaz dans la haute atmosphère. Les aérosols de sulfate resteront dans la stratosphère de nombreuses années, causant des levers et couchers de Soleil spectaculaires. Le <a href="/wiki/Pasteur_protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Pasteur protestant">révérend</a> Bishop publie en 1883 ses observations d'un faible <a href="/wiki/Halo_(ph%C3%A9nom%C3%A8ne_optique)" title="Halo (phénomène optique)">halo</a> autour du Soleil qu'il a vu le <time class="nowrap" datetime="09-05" data-sort-value="09-05">5 septembre</time> à Honolulu et le phénomène portera son nom en son honneur. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Albert_Riggenbach" title="Albert Riggenbach">Albert Riggenbach</a> étudiera le phénomène et l'expliquera dans sa thèse doctorale en 1886<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Des anneaux de Bishop ont été observés ensuite avec les éruptions volcaniques, dont celle du mont <a href="/wiki/Pinatubo" title="Pinatubo">Pinatubo</a> aux <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description_et_cause">Description et cause</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anneau_de_Bishop&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifier la section : Description et cause" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anneau_de_Bishop&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Description et cause"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La zone à l'intérieur de l'anneau est plus brillante que le voisinage. La plupart des observations décrivent le cercle interne comme étant de couleur blanche ou bleuâtre. Le cercle externe est rouge ou rougeâtre. La séquence des couleurs porte à conclure qu'il s'agit d'un phénomène de <a href="/wiki/Diffraction" title="Diffraction">diffraction</a> parce que le rouge est à l'extérieur contrairement aux <a href="/wiki/Halo_(ph%C3%A9nom%C3%A8ne_optique)" title="Halo (phénomène optique)">halos</a> où il est à l'intérieur. Le rayon moyen est de <span title="0,383 972 rad" style="cursor:help">22</span><abbr class="abbr" title="degré">°</abbr>, ce qui est plutôt grand et qui ne peut s'expliquer que par le passage de la lumière dans une zone contenant de très petites particules (environ 0,002 <abbr class="abbr" title="millimètre">mm</abbr>). Il a été démontré que ce sont les sulfates contenus dans un <a href="/wiki/Panache_volcanique" title="Panache volcanique">nuage de cendres</a> volcaniques qui en sont la cause<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anneau_de_Bishop&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anneau_de_Bishop&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes et références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-OMM-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-OMM_1-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="météorologique_mondiale"><span class="ouvrage" id="Organisation_météorologique_mondiale"><a href="/wiki/Organisation_m%C3%A9t%C3%A9orologique_mondiale" title="Organisation météorologique mondiale">Organisation météorologique mondiale</a>, <span class="noarchive">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eumetcal.org/euromet/glossary/bishopsr.htm"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Anneau de Bishop</cite></a> » <small class="plainlinks cachelinks">[<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303183924/http://www.eumetcal.org/euromet/glossary/bishopsr.htm">archive du <time class="nowrap" datetime="2016-03-03" data-sort-value="2016-03-03">3 mars 2016</time></a>]</small></span>, <span class="italique">Glossaire météorologique</span>, <a href="/wiki/Eumetcal" title="Eumetcal">Eumetcal</a> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2010-05-10" data-sort-value="2010-05-10">10 mai 2010</time>)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Villeneuve-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Villeneuve_2-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Villeneuve1980"><span class="ouvrage" id="Oscar_Villeneuve1980">Oscar Villeneuve, <cite class="italique">Glossaire de la météorologie</cite>, Québec, <time>1980</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="deuxième">2<sup>e</sup></abbr> <abbr class="abbr" title="édition">éd.</abbr>, 645 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-7637-6896-0" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-7637-6896-0"><span class="nowrap">978-2-7637-6896-0</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37480178w.public">37480178</a></span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=ajk1Y5VdbrAC&dq=anneau+de+Bishop&pg=PA19">présentation en ligne</a>)</small>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 19<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Glossaire+de+la+m%C3%A9t%C3%A9orologie&rft.place=Qu%C3%A9bec&rft.edition=2&rft.aulast=Villeneuve&rft.aufirst=Oscar&rft.date=1980&rft.pages=19&rft.tpages=645&rft.isbn=978-2-7637-6896-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAnneau+de+Bishop"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Riggenbach1886"><span class="ouvrage" id="Albert_Riggenbach1886"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : allemand">(de)</abbr> Albert Riggenbach, <cite class="italique" lang="de">Beobachtungen über die Dämmerung, insbesondere über das Purpurlicht und seine Beziehungen zum Bishop'schen Sonnenring</cite>, Bâle, H. Georg's Verlag, <time>1886</time>, 105 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=LQYqAAAAYAAJ">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Beobachtungen+%C3%BCber+die+D%C3%A4mmerung%2C+insbesondere+%C3%BCber+das+Purpurlicht+und+seine+Beziehungen+zum+Bishop%27schen+Sonnenring&rft.place=B%C3%A2le&rft.pub=H.+Georg%27s+Verlag&rft.aulast=Riggenbach&rft.aufirst=Albert&rft.date=1886&rft.tpages=105&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAnneau+de+Bishop"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Asano1993"><span class="ouvrage" id="S._Asano1993"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> S. <span class="nom_auteur">Asano</span>, « <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">Estimation of the size distribution of Pinatubo volcanic dust from the Bishop's ring simulations</cite> », <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Geophysical research letters</span></i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 20, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 6,‎ <time>1993</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">447-450</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/93GL00512">10.1029/93GL00512</a></span>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Estimation+of+the+size+distribution+of+Pinatubo+volcanic+dust+from+the+Bishop%27s+ring+simulations&rft.jtitle=Geophysical+research+letters&rft.issue=6&rft.aulast=Asano&rft.aufirst=S.&rft.date=1993&rft.volume=20&rft.pages=447-450&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1029%2F93GL00512&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAnneau+de+Bishop"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="SassenThomasBeipingCrutzen1994"><span class="ouvrage" id="Kenneth_SassenPeter_ThomasP._Luo_BeipingPaul_J._Crutzen1994"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Kenneth <span class="nom_auteur">Sassen</span>, Peter <span class="nom_auteur">Thomas</span>, P. Luo <span class="nom_auteur">Beiping</span> et Paul J. <span class="nom_auteur">Crutzen</span>, « <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">Volcanic Bishop’s ring: evidence for a sulfuric acid tetrahydrate particle aureole</cite> », <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Applied Optics</span></i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 33, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 21,‎ <time>1994</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">4602-4606</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1364/AO.33.004602">10.1364/AO.33.004602</a></span>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Volcanic+Bishop%E2%80%99s+ring%3A+evidence+for+a+sulfuric+acid+tetrahydrate+particle+aureole&rft.jtitle=Applied+Optics&rft.issue=21&rft.aulast=Sassen&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft.au=Thomas%2C+Peter&rft.au=Beiping%2C+P.+Luo&rft.au=Crutzen%2C+Paul+J.&rft.date=1994&rft.volume=33&rft.pages=4602-4606&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1364%2FAO.33.004602&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAnneau+de+Bishop"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voir_aussi">Voir aussi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anneau_de_Bishop&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifier la section : Voir aussi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anneau_de_Bishop&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Voir aussi"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lien_externe">Lien externe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anneau_de_Bishop&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifier la section : Lien externe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anneau_de_Bishop&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Lien externe"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.atoptics.co.uk/droplets/bring.htm">Photographie</a> d'anneau de Bishop avec commentaires.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-container" style="clear:both;"> <table class="navbox collapsible noprint autocollapse" style=""> <tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style=""><div style="float:left; width:6em; text-align:left"><div class="noprint plainlinks nowrap tnavbar" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000000);"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Photom%C3%A9t%C3%A9ores" title="Modèle:Palette Photométéores"><abbr class="abbr" title="Voir ce modèle.">v</abbr></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Photom%C3%A9t%C3%A9ores&action=edit"><abbr class="abbr" title="Modifier ce modèle. Merci de prévisualiser avant de sauvegarder.">m</abbr></a></div></div><div style="font-size:110%"><a href="/wiki/Photom%C3%A9t%C3%A9ore" title="Photométéore">Photométéores</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Nuvola_apps_kweather.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Nuvola_apps_kweather.svg/20px-Nuvola_apps_kweather.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Nuvola_apps_kweather.svg/30px-Nuvola_apps_kweather.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Nuvola_apps_kweather.svg/40px-Nuvola_apps_kweather.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="419" data-file-height="419" /></a></span></div></th> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Halo_(ph%C3%A9nom%C3%A8ne_optique)" title="Halo (phénomène optique)">Halos</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anth%C3%A9lie" title="Anthélie">Anthélie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arc_circumhorizontal" title="Arc circumhorizontal">Arc circumhorizontal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arc_circumz%C3%A9nithal" title="Arc circumzénithal">Arc circumzénithal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arc_infralat%C3%A9ral" title="Arc infralatéral">Arc infralatéral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arcs_de_Parry" title="Arcs de Parry">Arcs de Parry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arc_supralat%C3%A9ral" title="Arc supralatéral">Arc supralatéral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arcs_tangents" title="Arcs tangents">Arcs tangents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cercle_parh%C3%A9lique" title="Cercle parhélique">Cercle parhélique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonne_lumineuse" title="Colonne lumineuse">Colonne lumineuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halo_de_22%C2%B0" title="Halo de 22°">Petit halo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halo_de_46%C2%B0" title="Halo de 46°">Grand halo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parh%C3%A9lie" title="Parhélie">Parhélie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parh%C3%A9lie#Paranthélies_et_parhélies_secondaires" title="Parhélie">Paranthélie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paras%C3%A9l%C3%A8ne" title="Parasélène">Parasélène</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Couronne_(ph%C3%A9nom%C3%A8ne_optique)" title="Couronne (phénomène optique)">Couronnes</a> et arcs</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Anneau de Bishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arc_blanc" title="Arc blanc">Arc blanc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arc-en-ciel" title="Arc-en-ciel">Arc-en-ciel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arc-en-ciel_de_ros%C3%A9e" title="Arc-en-ciel de rosée">Arc-en-ciel de rosée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arc-en-ciel_lunaire" title="Arc-en-ciel lunaire">Arc-en-ciel lunaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aur%C3%A9ole_du_pilote" title="Auréole du pilote">Auréole du pilote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gegenschein" title="Gegenschein">Gegenschein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloire_(ph%C3%A9nom%C3%A8ne_optique)" title="Gloire (phénomène optique)">Gloire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heiligenschein" title="Heiligenschein">Heiligenschein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spectre_de_Brocken" title="Spectre de Brocken">Spectre de Brocken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sous-soleil" title="Sous-soleil">Sous-soleil</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Couleur_du_ciel" title="Couleur du ciel">Couleur du ciel</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heure_bleue" title="Heure bleue">Heure bleue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iridescence" title="Iridescence">Iridescence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumi%C3%A8re_zodiacale" title="Lumière zodiacale">Lumière zodiacale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lune_cuivr%C3%A9e_(astronomie)" title="Lune cuivrée (astronomie)">Lune cuivrée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rayon_vert" title="Rayon vert">Rayon vert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rayons_anticr%C3%A9pusculaires" title="Rayons anticrépusculaires">Rayons anticrépusculaires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rayon_cr%C3%A9pusculaire" title="Rayon crépusculaire">Rayons crépusculaires</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-banner" style="" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Glossaire_de_la_m%C3%A9t%C3%A9orologie" title="Glossaire de la météorologie">Glossaire de la météorologie</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:M%C3%A9t%C3%A9orologie" title="Portail de la météorologie"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Circle-icons-weather.svg/24px-Circle-icons-weather.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" 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