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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Korean_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Korean_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Korean War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Korean_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vietnam_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vietnam_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Vietnam War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vietnam_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gulf_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gulf_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Gulf War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gulf_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kashmir_conflict" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kashmir_conflict"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Kashmir conflict</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kashmir_conflict-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Northern_Ireland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Northern_Ireland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Northern Ireland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Northern_Ireland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Israeli–Palestinian_conflict" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Israeli–Palestinian_conflict"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Israeli–Palestinian conflict</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Israeli–Palestinian_conflict-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Syrian_Civil_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Syrian_Civil_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>Syrian Civil War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Syrian_Civil_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Russo-Ukrainian_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russo-Ukrainian_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10</span> <span>Russo-Ukrainian War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russo-Ukrainian_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2020_global_ceasefire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2020_global_ceasefire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.11</span> <span>2020 global ceasefire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2020_global_ceasefire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2024_Israel-Hezbollah_ceasefire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2024_Israel-Hezbollah_ceasefire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.12</span> <span>2024 Israel-Hezbollah ceasefire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2024_Israel-Hezbollah_ceasefire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ceasefire</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 55 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-55" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">55 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%82%D9%81_%D8%A5%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82_%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="وقف إطلاق نار – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="وقف إطلاق نار" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altu%27l_fueu" title="Altu'l fueu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Altu'l fueu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/At%C9%99%C5%9Fk%C9%99s" title="Atəşkəs – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Atəşkəs" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alto_el_foc" title="Alto el foc – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Alto el foc" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klid_zbran%C3%AD" title="Klid zbraní – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Klid zbraní" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadoediad" title="Cadoediad – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cadoediad" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D8%AF_%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="حبيس د لقرطاس – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="حبيس د لقرطاس" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waffenruhe" title="Waffenruhe – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Waffenruhe" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relvarahu" title="Relvarahu – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Relvarahu" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%BA%CE%B5%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Εκεχειρία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Εκεχειρία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alto_el_fuego" title="Alto el fuego – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Alto el fuego" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalhalto" title="Batalhalto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Batalhalto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Su-eten" title="Su-eten – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Su-eten" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%AA%D8%B4%E2%80%8C%D8%A8%D8%B3" title="آتش‌بس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آتش‌بس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cessez-le-feu" title="Cessez-le-feu – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cessez-le-feu" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjitferbod" title="Sjitferbod – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Sjitferbod" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alto_o_fogo" title="Alto o fogo – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Alto o fogo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%95%EC%A0%84_(%EA%B5%B0%EC%82%AC)" title="정전 (군사) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="정전 (군사)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%A4%D5%A1%D6%80" title="Հրադադար – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հրադադար" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE" title="युद्धविराम – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="युद्धविराम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prekid_vatre" title="Prekid vatre – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Prekid vatre" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gencatan_senjata" title="Gencatan senjata – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gencatan senjata" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cessate_il_fuoco" title="Cessate il fuoco – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cessate il fuoco" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%AA_%D7%90%D7%A9" title="הפסקת אש – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הפסקת אש" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%A6%E0%B2%A8_%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AE" title="ಕದನ ವಿರಾಮ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕದನ ವಿರಾಮ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kusitisha_mapigano" title="Kusitisha mapigano – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kusitisha mapigano" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agirbest" title="Agirbest – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Agirbest" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indutiae" title="Indutiae – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Indutiae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cessee_%27l_foeugh" title="Cessee 'l foeugh – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Cessee 'l foeugh" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fegyversz%C3%BCnet" title="Fegyverszünet – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Fegyverszünet" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gencatan_senjata" title="Gencatan senjata – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Gencatan senjata" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE" title="युद्धविराम – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="युद्धविराम" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%81%9C%E6%88%A6" title="停戦 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="停戦" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alta-au-fu%C3%B2c" title="Alta-au-fuòc – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Alta-au-fuòc" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80" title="ਜੰਗਬੰਦੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜੰਗਬੰਦੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zawieszenie_broni" title="Zawieszenie broni – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Zawieszenie broni" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cessar-fogo" title="Cessar-fogo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cessar-fogo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Прекращение огня – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Прекращение огня" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceasefire" title="Ceasefire – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Ceasefire" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pushimi_i_zjarrit_(konflikt)" title="Pushimi i zjarrit (konflikt) – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Pushimi i zjarrit (konflikt)" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceasefire" title="Ceasefire – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ceasefire" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="ئاگربەست – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئاگربەست" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Truce&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Truce">Truce</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Temporary agreement to stop a war</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Truce" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Truce_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Truce (disambiguation)">Truce (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Ceasefire_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Ceasefire (disambiguation)">Ceasefire (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tilden_or_blood.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Tilden_or_blood.jpg/250px-Tilden_or_blood.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Tilden_or_blood.jpg/375px-Tilden_or_blood.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Tilden_or_blood.jpg/500px-Tilden_or_blood.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1343" data-file-height="876" /></a><figcaption><i>A truce—not a compromise, but a chance for high-toned gentlemen to retire gracefully from their very civil declarations of war</i><br />By <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Nast" title="Thomas Nast">Thomas Nast</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Harper%27s_Weekly" title="Harper's Weekly">Harper's Weekly</a></i>, February 17, 1877, p. 132.</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>ceasefire</b> (also known as a <b>truce</b> or <b><a href="/wiki/Armistice" title="Armistice">armistice</a></b>),<b><sup id="cite_ref-:2_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></b> also spelled <b>cease fire</b> (the <a href="/wiki/Antonym" class="mw-redirect" title="Antonym">antonym</a> of 'open fire'),<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a stoppage of a <a href="/wiki/War" title="War">war</a> in which each side agrees with the other to suspend aggressive actions often due to mediation by a third party.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ceasefires may be between state actors or involve non-state actors.<b><sup id="cite_ref-:2_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></b> </p><p>Ceasefires may be declared as part of a formal <a href="/wiki/Treaty" title="Treaty">treaty</a> but also as part of an informal understanding between opposing forces.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They may occur via mediation or otherwise as part of a <a href="/wiki/Peace_process" title="Peace process">peace process</a> or be imposed by <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">United Nations Security Council</a> resolutions via Chapter VII of the <a href="/wiki/Charter_of_the_United_Nations" title="Charter of the United Nations">United Nations Charter</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The immediate goal of a ceasefire is to stop violence but the underlying purposes of ceasefires vary. Ceasefires may be intended to meet short-term limited needs (such as providing humanitarian aid), manage a conflict to make it less devastating, or advance efforts to peacefully resolve a dispute.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An actor may not always intend for a ceasefire to advance the peaceful resolution of a conflict but instead give the actor an upper hand in the conflict (for example, by re-arming and repositioning forces or attacking an unsuspecting adversary), which creates <a href="/wiki/Bargaining_model_of_war" title="Bargaining model of war">bargaining problems</a> that may make ceasefires less likely to be implemented and less likely to be durable if implemented.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The durability of ceasefire agreements is affected by several factors, such as demilitarized zones, withdrawal of troops and third-party guarantees and monitoring (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Peacekeeping" title="Peacekeeping">peacekeeping</a>). Ceasefire agreements are more likely to be durable when they reduce incentives to attack, reduce uncertainty about the adversary's intentions, and when mechanisms are put in place to prevent accidents from spiraling into conflict.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceasefire&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ceasefire agreements are more likely to be reached when the costs of conflict are high and when the actors in a conflict have lower <a href="/wiki/Audience_cost" title="Audience cost">audience costs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Scholars emphasize that war termination is more likely to occur when actors have more information about each other, when actors can make credible commitments, and when the domestic political situation makes it possible for leaders to make war termination agreements without incurring domestic punishment.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By one estimate, there were at least 2202 ceasefires across 66 countries in 109 civil conflicts over the period 1989–2020.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical_examples">Historical examples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceasefire&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Historical examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Historically, the concept of a ceasefire existed at least by the time of the Middle Ages, when it was known as a <a href="/wiki/Peace_and_Truce_of_God" title="Peace and Truce of God">'truce of God'</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_War_I">World War I</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceasefire&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: World War I"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Christmas_truce" title="Christmas truce">Christmas truce</a></div> <p>During <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, on December 24, 1914, there was an <a href="/wiki/Christmas_truce" title="Christmas truce">unofficial ceasefire</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Western_Front_(World_War_I)" title="Western Front (World War I)">Western Front</a> as <a href="/wiki/French_Third_Republic" title="French Third Republic">France</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom</a>, and <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">Germany</a> observed <a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas</a>. There are accounts that claimed the unofficial ceasefire took place throughout the week leading to Christmas, and that British and German troops exchanged seasonal greetings and songs between their trenches.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ceasefire was brief but spontaneous. Beginning when German soldiers lit <a href="/wiki/Christmas_tree" title="Christmas tree">Christmas trees</a>, it quickly spread up and down the Western Front.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One account described the development in the following words: </p> <blockquote><p>It was good to see the human spirit prevailed amongst all sides at the front, the sharing and fraternity. All was well until the higher echelons of command got to hear about the effect of the ceasefire, whereby their wrath ensured a return to hostilities.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>There was no peace treaty signed during the <a href="/wiki/Christmas_truce" title="Christmas truce">Christmas truce</a>, and the war resumed after a few days. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Liberation_of_Bergen-belsen_Concentration_Camp,_April_1945_BU4068.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/The_Liberation_of_Bergen-belsen_Concentration_Camp%2C_April_1945_BU4068.jpg/220px-The_Liberation_of_Bergen-belsen_Concentration_Camp%2C_April_1945_BU4068.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/The_Liberation_of_Bergen-belsen_Concentration_Camp%2C_April_1945_BU4068.jpg/330px-The_Liberation_of_Bergen-belsen_Concentration_Camp%2C_April_1945_BU4068.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/The_Liberation_of_Bergen-belsen_Concentration_Camp%2C_April_1945_BU4068.jpg/440px-The_Liberation_of_Bergen-belsen_Concentration_Camp%2C_April_1945_BU4068.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="798" /></a><figcaption>British and German officers after arranging the German handover of the <a href="/wiki/Bergen-Belsen_concentration_camp" title="Bergen-Belsen concentration camp">Bergen-Belsen concentration camp</a> and the surrounding area, negotiated during a temporary truce, April 1945</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Karachi_Agreement">Karachi Agreement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceasefire&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Karachi Agreement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Karachi_Agreement" title="Karachi Agreement">Karachi Agreement</a></div> <p>The <b>Karachi Agreement</b> of 1949 was signed by the military representatives of India and Pakistan, supervised by the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Commission_for_India_and_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Commission for India and Pakistan">United Nations Commission for India and Pakistan</a>, establishing a cease-fire line in <a href="/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir">Kashmir</a> following the <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1947" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1947">Indo-Pakistani War of 1947</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Korean_War">Korean War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceasefire&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Korean War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On November 29, 1952, the US <a href="/wiki/President-elect_of_the_United_States" title="President-elect of the United States">president-elect</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a>, went to Korea to see how to end the <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a>. With the <a href="/wiki/UN" class="mw-redirect" title="UN">UN</a>'s acceptance of <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>'s proposed armistice, the ceasefire between the <a href="/wiki/UN_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="UN Command">UN Command</a> on the one side and the <a href="/wiki/Korean_People%27s_Army" title="Korean People's Army">Korean People's Army</a> (KPA) and the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Volunteer_Army" title="People's Volunteer Army">People's Volunteer Army</a> (PVA) on the other took hold at approximately the <a href="/wiki/38th_parallel_north" title="38th parallel north">38th parallel north</a>. These parties signed the <a href="/wiki/Korean_Armistice_Agreement" title="Korean Armistice Agreement">Korean Armistice Agreement</a> on July 27, 1953<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-findlaw-19530727_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-findlaw-19530727-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but South Korean President <a href="/wiki/Syngman_Rhee" title="Syngman Rhee">Syngman Rhee</a>, who attacked the ceasefire proceedings, did not.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Upon agreeing to the ceasefire which called upon the governments of South Korea, the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, North Korea and <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> to participate in continued peace talks, the principal <a href="/wiki/Belligerents" class="mw-redirect" title="Belligerents">belligerents</a> of the war established the <a href="/wiki/Korean_Demilitarized_Zone" title="Korean Demilitarized Zone">Korean Demilitarized Zone</a> (DMZ) and it has since been patrolled by the joint <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Korea_Army" title="Republic of Korea Army">Republic of Korea Army</a>, US, and UN Command on the one side and the KPA on the other. The war is considered to have ended at that point even though there still is no peace treaty. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vietnam_War">Vietnam War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceasefire&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Vietnam War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On New Years Day, 1968, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_VI" title="Pope Paul VI">Pope Paul VI</a> convinced <a href="/wiki/South_Vietnam" title="South Vietnam">South Vietnam</a> and the United States to declare a 24-hour-truce. However, the <a href="/wiki/Viet_Cong" title="Viet Cong">Viet Cong</a> and <a href="/wiki/North_Vietnam" title="North Vietnam">North Vietnam</a> did not adhere to the truce, and ambushed the 2nd Battalion, <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Vietnam_Marine_Division" title="Republic of Vietnam Marine Division">Republic of Vietnam Marine Division</a>, 10 minutes after midnight in <a href="/wiki/M%E1%BB%B9_Tho" title="Mỹ Tho">Mỹ Tho</a>. The Viet Cong would also attack a <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">U.S. Army</a> fire support base near <a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Ho Chi Minh City">Saigon</a>, causing more casualties.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On January 15, 1973, US President <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> ordered a ceasefire of the aerial bombings in <a href="/wiki/North_Vietnam" title="North Vietnam">North Vietnam</a>. The decision came after <a href="/wiki/Henry_Kissinger" title="Henry Kissinger">Henry Kissinger</a>, the <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Advisor_(United_States)" title="National Security Advisor (United States)">National Security Advisor</a> to the President, returned to <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, from <a href="/wiki/Paris,_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Paris, France">Paris, France</a>, with a draft peace proposal. Combat missions continued in <a href="/wiki/South_Vietnam" title="South Vietnam">South Vietnam</a>. By January 27, 1973, all parties of the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a> signed a ceasefire as a prelude to the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Peace_Accord" class="mw-redirect" title="Paris Peace Accord">Paris Peace Accord</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gulf_War">Gulf War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceasefire&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Gulf War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> was driven out of <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a> by US-led coalition forces during <a href="/wiki/Operation_Desert_Storm" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Desert Storm">Operation Desert Storm</a>, Iraq and the <a href="/wiki/UN_Security_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="UN Security Council">UN Security Council</a> signed a ceasefire agreement on March 3, 1991.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Subsequently, throughout the 1990s, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">U.N. Security Council</a> passed numerous resolutions calling for Iraq to disarm its <a href="/wiki/Weapons_of_mass_destruction" class="mw-redirect" title="Weapons of mass destruction">weapons of mass destruction</a> unconditionally and immediately. Because no peace treaty was signed after the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a>, the war still remained in effect, including an alleged assassination attempt of former US President <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> by Iraqi agents while on a visit to Kuwait;<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/Cruise_missile_strikes_on_Iraq_(June_1993)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cruise missile strikes on Iraq (June 1993)">Iraq being bombed in June 1993</a> as a response, Iraqi forces firing on coalition aircraft patrolling the <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_no-fly_zones" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraqi no-fly zones">Iraqi no-fly zones</a>, US President <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a>'s bombing of Baghdad in 1998 during <a href="/wiki/Operation_Desert_Fox" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Desert Fox">Operation Desert Fox</a>, and an earlier 1996 bombing of Iraq by the US during <a href="/wiki/Cruise_missile_strikes_on_Iraq_(1996)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cruise missile strikes on Iraq (1996)">Operation Desert Strike</a>. The war remained in effect until 2003, when US and UK forces <a href="/wiki/2003_invasion_of_Iraq" title="2003 invasion of Iraq">invaded Iraq</a> and toppled <a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a>'s regime from power. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kashmir_conflict">Kashmir conflict</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceasefire&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Kashmir conflict"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1947%E2%80%931948" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948">Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948</a> and <a href="/wiki/UN_mediation_of_the_Kashmir_dispute" title="UN mediation of the Kashmir dispute">UN mediation of the Kashmir dispute</a></div> <p>A UN-mediated ceasefire was agreed between <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, on 1 January 1949, ending the <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1947" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1947">Indo-Pakistani War of 1947</a> (also called the 1947 Kashmir War). Fighting broke out between the two newly independent countries in <a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(princely_state)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)">Kashmir</a> in October 1947, with India intervening on behalf of the princely ruler of Kashmir, who had joined India, and Pakistan supporting the rebels. The fighting was limited to Kashmir, but, apprehensive that it might develop into a full-scale international war, India referred the matter to the UN Security Council under Article 35 of the UN Charter, which addresses situations "likely to endanger the maintenance of international peace". The Security Council set up the dedicated <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Commission_for_India_and_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Commission for India and Pakistan">United Nations Commission for India and Pakistan</a>, which mediated for an entire year as the fighting continued. After several UN resolutions outlining a procedure for resolving the dispute via a <a href="/wiki/Plebiscite" class="mw-redirect" title="Plebiscite">plebiscite</a>, a ceasefire agreement was reached between the countries towards the end of December 1948, which came into effect in the New Year. The Security Council set up the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Military_Observer_Group_for_India_and_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Military Observer Group for India and Pakistan">United Nations Military Observer Group for India and Pakistan</a> (UNMOGIP) to monitor the ceasefire line.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> India declared a ceasefire in Kashmir Valley during Ramadan in 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Northern_Ireland">Northern Ireland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceasefire&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Northern Ireland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army" title="Provisional Irish Republican Army">Irish Republican Army</a> held several Christmas ceasefires (usually referred to as truces) during the Northern Ireland conflict.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Israeli–Palestinian_conflict"><span id="Israeli.E2.80.93Palestinian_conflict"></span>Israeli–Palestinian conflict</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceasefire&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Israeli–Palestinian conflict"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2023_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_ceasefire" title="2023 Israel–Hamas ceasefire">2023 Israel–Hamas ceasefire</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:117a.CeaseFireVigil.WH.WDC.24December2023_(53451851200).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/117a.CeaseFireVigil.WH.WDC.24December2023_%2853451851200%29.jpg/220px-117a.CeaseFireVigil.WH.WDC.24December2023_%2853451851200%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/117a.CeaseFireVigil.WH.WDC.24December2023_%2853451851200%29.jpg/330px-117a.CeaseFireVigil.WH.WDC.24December2023_%2853451851200%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/117a.CeaseFireVigil.WH.WDC.24December2023_%2853451851200%29.jpg/440px-117a.CeaseFireVigil.WH.WDC.24December2023_%2853451851200%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5806" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Christmas Eve Ceasefire Vigil at the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> in Washington, D.C. on 24 December 2023</figcaption></figure> <p>An example of a ceasefire in the <a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Israeli–Palestinian conflict</a> was announced between <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian National Authority">Palestinian National Authority</a> on February 8, 2005. When announced, chief <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian people">Palestinian</a> <a href="/wiki/Negotiation" title="Negotiation">negotiator</a> <a href="/wiki/Saeb_Erekat" title="Saeb Erekat">Saeb Erekat</a> publicly defined the ceasefire as follows: "We have agreed that today President <a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Abbas" title="Mahmoud Abbas">Mahmoud Abbas</a> will declare a full cessation of violence against Israelis anywhere and Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Ariel_Sharon" title="Ariel Sharon">Ariel Sharon</a> will declare a full cessation of violence and military activities against Palestinians anywhere."<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On November 21, 2023, Qatar announced that they had negotiated a truce between Israel and Hamas would pause <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Israel–Hamas war">Gaza fighting</a>, allow for the release of some hostages and bring more aid to Palestinian civilians. As part of the deal, 50 Hamas held hostages are to be released while Israel will release 150 Palestinian prisoners.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Syrian_Civil_War">Syrian Civil War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceasefire&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Syrian Civil War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Syrian_peace_process" title="Syrian peace process">Syrian peace process</a></div> <p>Several attempts have been made to broker ceasefires in the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian Civil War">Syrian Civil War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Russo-Ukrainian_War">Russo-Ukrainian War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceasefire&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Russo-Ukrainian War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Peace_negotiations_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Peace negotiations in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Peace negotiations in the Russian invasion of Ukraine</a></div> <p>Several attempts have been made to broker ceasefires during the <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 2023, <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> told the UK's GB news that as US president he would end the war within 24 hours, given that he had good relationships with the leaders of Ukraine and Russia. He added that it would be easy to conclude a ceasefire agreement to end the war. <sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2020_global_ceasefire">2020 global ceasefire</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceasefire&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: 2020 global ceasefire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Global_ceasefire" title="Global ceasefire">Global ceasefire</a></div> <p>The 2020 global ceasefire was a response to a formal appeal by United Nations Secretary-General <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Guterres" title="António Guterres">António Manuel de Oliveira Guterres</a> on March 23 for a global ceasefire as part of the United Nations' response to the COVID-19 <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">coronavirus pandemic</a>. On 24 June 2020, 170 UN Member States and Observers signed a non-binding statement in support of the appeal, rising to 172 on 25 June 2020, and on 1 July 2020, the UN Security Council passed a resolution demanding a general and immediate global cessation of hostilities for at least 90 days.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2024_Israel-Hezbollah_ceasefire">2024 Israel-Hezbollah ceasefire</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceasefire&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: 2024 Israel-Hezbollah ceasefire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hezbollah_conflict_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="Israel–Hezbollah conflict (2023–present)">Israel–Hezbollah_conflict_(2023–present)</a></div> <p>The 2024 Israel-Hezbollah ceasefire was announced by United States President <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> on November 26, 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceasefire&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_Nagorno-Karabakh_ceasefire_agreement" title="2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement">2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armistice" title="Armistice">Armistice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De-escalation" title="De-escalation">De-escalation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demilitarized_zone" title="Demilitarized zone">Demilitarized zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Truce" title="Olympic Truce">Olympic Truce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_War#Armistice_(July_1953–November_1954)" title="Korean War">Korean Armistice Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peacebuilding" title="Peacebuilding">Peacebuilding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peacemaking" title="Peacemaking">Peacemaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_process" title="Peace process">Peace process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_treaty" title="Peace treaty">Peace treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrender_(military)" title="Surrender (military)">Surrender (military)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceasefire&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output 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q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFClaytonNygårdRustadStrand2023" class="citation journal cs1">Clayton, Govinda; Nygård, Håvard Mokleiv; Rustad, Siri Aas; Strand, Håvard (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F00220027221128300">"Ceasefires in Civil Conflict: A Research Agenda"</a>. <i>Journal of Conflict Resolution</i>. <b>67</b> (7–8): 1279–1295. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F00220027221128300">10.1177/00220027221128300</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850%2F576568">20.500.11850/576568</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0022-0027">0022-0027</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:252793375">252793375</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Conflict+Resolution&rft.atitle=Ceasefires+in+Civil+Conflict%3A+A+Research+Agenda&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=7%E2%80%938&rft.pages=1279-1295&rft.date=2023&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F20.500.11850%2F576568&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A252793375%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0022-0027&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F00220027221128300&rft.aulast=Clayton&rft.aufirst=Govinda&rft.au=Nyg%C3%A5rd%2C+H%C3%A5vard+Mokleiv&rft.au=Rustad%2C+Siri+Aas&rft.au=Strand%2C+H%C3%A5vard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1177%252F00220027221128300&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACeasefire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFForster2019" class="citation cs2">Forster, Robert A. (2019), "Ceasefires", in Romaniuk, Scott; Thapa, Manish; Marton, Péter (eds.), <i>The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Global Security Studies</i>, Springer, pp. 1–8, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-319-74336-3_8-2">10.1007/978-3-319-74336-3_8-2</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-319-74336-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-319-74336-3"><bdi>978-3-319-74336-3</bdi></a>, <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:239326729">239326729</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ceasefires&rft.btitle=The+Palgrave+Encyclopedia+of+Global+Security+Studies&rft.pages=1-8&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A239326729%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-3-319-74336-3_8-2&rft.isbn=978-3-319-74336-3&rft.aulast=Forster&rft.aufirst=Robert+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACeasefire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFortna2004" class="citation book cs1">Fortna, Virginia Page (2004). <i>Peace Time: Cease-Fire Agreements and the Durability of Peace</i>. <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University_Press" title="Princeton University Press">Princeton University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-18795-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-691-18795-2"><bdi>978-0-691-18795-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1044838807">1044838807</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Peace+Time%3A+Cease-Fire+Agreements+and+the+Durability+of+Peace&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1044838807&rft.isbn=978-0-691-18795-2&rft.aulast=Fortna&rft.aufirst=Virginia+Page&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACeasefire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opil.ouplaw.com/display/10.1093/law:epil/9780199231690/law-9780199231690-e263?prd=EPIL">"Ceasefire"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxford_Public_International_Law&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oxford Public International Law (page does not exist)">Oxford Public International Law</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Flaw%3Aepil%2F9780199231690">10.1093/law:epil/9780199231690</a> (inactive 1 November 2024)<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-08-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=undocs.org&rft.atitle=S%2FRES%2F2532%282020%29+-+E+-+S%2FRES%2F2532%282020%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fundocs.org%2Fen%2FS%2FRES%2F2532%282020%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACeasefire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.un.org/en/story/2020/07/1067552">"Stalled Security Council resolution adopted, backing UN's global humanitarian ceasefire call"</a>. <i>UN News</i>. 2020-07-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-08-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UN+News&rft.atitle=Stalled+Security+Council+resolution+adopted%2C+backing+UN%27s+global+humanitarian+ceasefire+call&rft.date=2020-07-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.un.org%2Fen%2Fstory%2F2020%2F07%2F1067552&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACeasefire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/israel-hezbollah-lebanon-ceasefire-biden-gaza-hamas-rcna181859">"Stalled Security Council resolution adopted, backing UN's global humanitarian ceasefire call"</a>. <i>NBCAdde News</i>. 2020-07-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-11-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NBCAdde+News&rft.atitle=Stalled+Security+Council+resolution+adopted%2C+backing+UN%27s+global+humanitarian+ceasefire+call&rft.date=2020-07-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fisrael-hezbollah-lebanon-ceasefire-biden-gaza-hamas-rcna181859&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACeasefire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceasefire&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Clayton Govinda, Nygård Håvard Mokleiv, Strand Håvard, Rustad Siri Aas, Wiehler Claudia, Sagård Tora, Landsverk Peder, Ryland Reidun, Sticher Valerie, Wink Emma, Bara Corrine. 2022. “Introducing the Civil Conflict Ceasefire Dataset.” <i>Journal of Conflict Resolution</i>.</li> <li>Akebo, Malin. (2016). <i>Ceasefire Agreements and Peace Processes: A Comparative Study</i>. Routledge.</li> <li>Colletta, Nat. (2011). "Mediating ceasefires and cessations of hostilities agreements in the framework of peace processes." In <i>Peacemaking: From Practice to Theory</i>. Praeger, 135–147.</li> <li>Forster, Robert A. (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007%2F978-3-319-74336-3_8-2">Ceasefires</a>. In <i>The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Global Security Studies</i>. Palgrave.</li> <li>Fortna, Virginia Page. (2004). <i>Peace Time: Cease-fire Agreements and the Durability of Peace</i>. Princeton University Press.</li> <li>Williams, R., Gustafson, D., Gent, S., & Crescenzi, M. (2021). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017/psrm.2019.23">A latent variable approach to measuring and explaining peace agreement strength.</a>" <i>Political Science Research and Methods,</i> <i>9</i>(1), 89–105.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceasefire&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ceasefire" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:ceasefire">ceasefire</a></b></i> or <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/truce" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:truce">truce</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pax.peaceagreements.org/static/covid19ceasefires/">University of Edinburgh Ceasefires Tracker</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://peaceagreements.org/searchadv?SearchForm%5Bname%5D=&SearchForm%5Bdate_after%5D=&SearchForm%5Bdate_before%5D=&SearchForm%5Bcategory_mode%5D=any&SearchForm%5Bagreement_text%5D=&SearchForm%5Bagreement_stage_sub%5D%5B%5D=Ceasefire%2Frelated&s=Search+D">Search for ceasefire agreements on the Peace Agreement Access Tool (PA-X), 1990-2015.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://peacemaker.un.org/document-search">Search for ceasefire agreements in the UN Peacemaker Database</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://peaceagreements.org/wsearch">Search for women and ceasefire agreements in PA-X Women Database</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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