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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>National history</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-National_history-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle National history subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-National_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-France_(from_15th_century)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#France_(from_15th_century)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>France (from 15th century)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-France_(from_15th_century)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Entertainment_venues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Entertainment_venues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Entertainment venues</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Entertainment_venues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Netherlands_(from_1885)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Netherlands_(from_1885)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Netherlands (from 1885)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Netherlands_(from_1885)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Germany_(from_1901)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Germany_(from_1901)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Germany (from 1901)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Germany_(from_1901)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Polish_(from_1905)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Polish_(from_1905)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Polish (from 1905)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Polish_(from_1905)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States_(from_1911)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States_(from_1911)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>United States (from 1911)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States_(from_1911)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom_(from_1912)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom_(from_1912)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>United Kingdom (from 1912)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom_(from_1912)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iran_(until_1979)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iran_(until_1979)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Iran (until 1979)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iran_(until_1979)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sweden_(from_1970s)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sweden_(from_1970s)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Sweden (from 1970s)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sweden_(from_1970s)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Serbia_(from_2010s)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Serbia_(from_2010s)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>Serbia (from 2010s)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Serbia_(from_2010s)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_venues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_venues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Notable venues</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_venues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_artists" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_artists"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Notable artists</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_artists-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_and_citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_and_citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Notes and citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_and_citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Cabaret</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 67 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-67" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">67 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%87" title="كباريه – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كباريه" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabar%C3%A9" title="Cabaré – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Cabaré" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabare" title="Kabare – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kabare" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87" title="ক্যাবারে – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ক্যাবারে" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8D" title="Кабарэ – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кабарэ" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8D" title="Кабарэ – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Кабарэ" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Кабаре – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кабаре" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabaret" title="Cabaret – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cabaret" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabaret" title="Kabaret – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kabaret" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabaret" title="Cabaret – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cabaret" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabaret" title="Kabaret – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kabaret" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kleinkunstb%C3%BChne" title="Kleinkunstbühne – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kleinkunstbühne" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabaree" title="Kabaree – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kabaree" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabar%C3%A9" title="Cabaré – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cabaré" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabaredo" title="Kabaredo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kabaredo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabaret" title="Kabaret – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kabaret" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87" title="کاباره – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کاباره" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabaret" title="Cabaret – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cabaret" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabaret" title="Kabaret – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Kabaret" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabar%C3%A9" title="Cabaré – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cabaré" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EB%B0%94%EB%A0%88" title="카바레 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="카바레" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A5" title="Կաբարե – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կաբարե" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabaret" title="Kabaret – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kabaret" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabareto" title="Kabareto – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kabareto" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabaret" title="Kabaret – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kabaret" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabaret" title="Cabaret – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cabaret" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%98" title="קברט – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קברט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94" title="კაბარე – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კაბარე" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Кабаре – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Кабаре" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabaretus" title="Cabaretus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Cabaretus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabar%C4%93" title="Kabarē – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kabarē" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabaretas" title="Kabaretas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kabaretas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabaret" title="Cabaret – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Cabaret" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabar%C3%A9_(sz%C3%ADnh%C3%A1zi_produkci%C3%B3)" title="Kabaré (színházi produkció) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kabaré (színházi produkció)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Кабаре – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Кабаре" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%86" title="കാബറെ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കാബറെ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%87" title="كباريه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كباريه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87" title="کاواره – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="کاواره" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabaret" title="Kabaret – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kabaret" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabaret_(kleinkunst)" title="Cabaret (kleinkunst) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Cabaret (kleinkunst)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AD%E3%83%A3%E3%83%90%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BC" title="キャバレー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="キャバレー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabaret" title="Kabaret – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kabaret" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabaret" title="Kabaret – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kabaret" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87" title="ਕੈਬਰੇ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕੈਬਰੇ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabaret" title="Cabaret – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Cabaret" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabaret" title="Kabaret – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kabaret" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabar%C3%A9" title="Cabaré – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cabaré" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabaret" title="Cabaret – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cabaret" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Кабаре – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кабаре" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabaret" title="Cabaret – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Cabaret" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taverna_(b%C3%A8ttula)" title="Taverna (bèttula) – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Taverna (bèttula)" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabaret" title="Cabaret – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Cabaret" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabaret" title="Kabaret – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kabaret" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabaret" title="Kabaret – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kabaret" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%8E%DB%8C" title="کابەرێی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کابەرێی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Кабаре – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кабаре" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabare" title="Kabare – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kabare" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabaree" title="Kabaree – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kabaree" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabar%C3%A9" title="Kabaré – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kabaré" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C" title="คาบาเรต์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คาบาเรต์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabare" title="Kabare – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kabare" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Кабаре – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кабаре" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%92" title="کیبرے – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کیبرے" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabaret" title="Cabaret – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cabaret" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B7%B4%E8%8E%B1" title="卡巴莱 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="卡巴莱" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%8C%E8%88%9E%E8%A1%A8%E6%BC%94" title="歌舞表演 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="歌舞表演" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B7%B4%E8%90%8A" title="卡巴萊 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="卡巴萊" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit 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data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Venue for a variety show of music and theatrical revue</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Kabarett" title="Kabarett">Kabarett</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cabaret_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Cabaret (disambiguation)">Cabaret (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cafe_Le_Chat_Noir_c.1920.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Cafe_Le_Chat_Noir_c.1920.jpg/220px-Cafe_Le_Chat_Noir_c.1920.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Cafe_Le_Chat_Noir_c.1920.jpg/330px-Cafe_Le_Chat_Noir_c.1920.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Cafe_Le_Chat_Noir_c.1920.jpg/440px-Cafe_Le_Chat_Noir_c.1920.jpg 2x" data-file-width="998" data-file-height="617" /></a><figcaption>Cafe Le Chat Noir <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1920</span></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Cabaret</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[kabaʁɛ]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/4\/47\/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Beno%C3%AEt_Prieur-cabaret.wav\/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Beno%C3%AEt_Prieur-cabaret.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"LL-Q150 (fra)-Beno\u00eet Prieur-cabaret.wav"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/47/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Beno%C3%AEt_Prieur-cabaret.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Beno%C3%AEt_Prieur-cabaret.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:LL-Q150_(fra)-Beno%C3%AEt_Prieur-cabaret.wav" title="File:LL-Q150 (fra)-Benoît Prieur-cabaret.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>) is a form of theatrical <a href="/wiki/Entertainment" title="Entertainment">entertainment</a> featuring <a href="/wiki/Music" title="Music">music</a>, <a href="/wiki/Song" title="Song">song</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dance" title="Dance">dance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Recitation" title="Recitation">recitation</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Drama" title="Drama">drama</a>. The performance venue might be a <a href="/wiki/Pub" title="Pub">pub</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Casino" title="Casino">casino</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Hotel" title="Hotel">hotel</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Restaurant" title="Restaurant">restaurant</a>, or a <a href="/wiki/Nightclub" title="Nightclub">nightclub</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with a stage for performances. The audience, often dining or drinking, does not typically dance but usually sits at tables. Performances are usually introduced by a <a href="/wiki/Master_of_ceremonies" title="Master of ceremonies">master of ceremonies</a> (M.C.). The entertainment, as performed by an ensemble of actors and according to its European origins, is often (but not always) oriented towards adult audiences and of a clearly <a href="/wiki/Underground_music" title="Underground music">underground</a> nature. In the United States, <a href="/wiki/Striptease" title="Striptease">striptease</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_burlesque" title="American burlesque">burlesque</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drag_show" title="Drag show">drag shows</a>, or a <a href="/wiki/Solo_(music)" title="Solo (music)">solo vocalist</a> with a pianist, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Music_venue" title="Music venue">venues</a> which offer this entertainment, are often advertised as cabarets. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cabaret&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term originally came from <a href="/wiki/Picard_language" title="Picard language">Picard language</a> or <a href="/wiki/Walloon_language" title="Walloon language">Walloon language</a> words <i>camberete</i> or <i>cambret</i> for a small room (12th century). The first printed use of the word <i>kaberet</i> is found in a document from 1275 in <a href="/wiki/Tournai" title="Tournai">Tournai</a>. The term was used since the 13th century in <a href="/wiki/Middle_Dutch" title="Middle Dutch">Middle Dutch</a> to mean an inexpensive inn or restaurant (<i>caberet</i>, <i>cabret</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The word <i>cambret</i>, itself probably derived from an earlier form of <i>chambrette</i>, little room, or from the Norman French <i>chamber</i> meaning tavern, itself derived from the Late Latin word <i>camera</i> meaning an arched roof.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="National_history">National history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cabaret&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: National history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="France_(from_15th_century)"><span id="France_.28from_15th_century.29"></span>France (from 15th century)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cabaret&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: France (from 15th century)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cabarets had appeared in Paris by at least the late 15th century. They were distinguished from taverns because they served food as well as wine, the table was covered with a cloth, and the price was charged by the plate, not the mug.<sup id="cite_ref-fierro_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fierro-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were not particularly associated with entertainment even if musicians sometimes performed in both.<sup id="cite_ref-chev_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chev-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Early on, cabarets were considered better than taverns; by the end of the sixteenth century, they were the preferred place to dine out. In the 17th century, a clearer distinction emerged when taverns were limited to selling wine, and later to serving roast meats. </p><p>Cabarets were frequently used as meeting places for writers, actors, friends and artists. Writers such as <a href="/wiki/La_Fontaine" class="mw-redirect" title="La Fontaine">La Fontaine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moliere" class="mw-redirect" title="Moliere">Moliere</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jean_Racine" title="Jean Racine">Jean Racine</a> were known to frequent a cabaret called the <i>Mouton Blanc</i> on rue du Vieux-Colombier, and later the <i>Croix de Lorraine</i> on the modern rue Bourg-Tibourg. In 1773, French poets, painters, musicians and writers began to meet in a cabaret called <i>Le Caveau</i> on rue de Buci, where they composed and sang songs. The Caveau continued until 1816, when it was forced to close because its clients wrote songs mocking the royal government.<sup id="cite_ref-fierro_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fierro-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Entertainment_venues">Entertainment venues</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cabaret&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Entertainment venues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Caf%C3%A9_des_aveugles.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Caf%C3%A9_des_aveugles.jpg/310px-Caf%C3%A9_des_aveugles.jpg" decoding="async" width="310" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Caf%C3%A9_des_aveugles.jpg/465px-Caf%C3%A9_des_aveugles.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Caf%C3%A9_des_aveugles.jpg/620px-Caf%C3%A9_des_aveugles.jpg 2x" data-file-width="992" data-file-height="645" /></a><figcaption>The Café des Aveugles in the cellars of the Palais-Royal (beginning of the 19th century)</figcaption></figure> <p>In the 18th century, the <i>café-concert</i> or <i><a href="/wiki/Caf%C3%A9-chantant" title="Café-chantant">café-chantant</a></i> appeared, which offered food along with music, singers, or magicians. The most famous was the <i>Cafe des Aveugles</i> in the cellars of the <a href="/wiki/Palais-Royal" title="Palais-Royal">Palais-Royal</a>, which had a small orchestra of blind musicians. In the early 19th century, many cafés-chantants appeared around the city; the most famous were the Café des Ambassadeurs (1843) on the <a href="/wiki/Champs-%C3%89lys%C3%A9es" title="Champs-Élysées">Champs-Élysées</a> and the Eldorado (1858) on boulevard Strasbourg. By 1900, there were more than 150 cafés-chantants in Paris.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Santiago_Rusi%C3%B1ol_-_Portrait_of_Erik_Satie_Playing_the_Harmonium_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Santiago_Rusi%C3%B1ol_-_Portrait_of_Erik_Satie_Playing_the_Harmonium_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/220px-Santiago_Rusi%C3%B1ol_-_Portrait_of_Erik_Satie_Playing_the_Harmonium_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="327" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Santiago_Rusi%C3%B1ol_-_Portrait_of_Erik_Satie_Playing_the_Harmonium_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/330px-Santiago_Rusi%C3%B1ol_-_Portrait_of_Erik_Satie_Playing_the_Harmonium_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Santiago_Rusi%C3%B1ol_-_Portrait_of_Erik_Satie_Playing_the_Harmonium_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/440px-Santiago_Rusi%C3%B1ol_-_Portrait_of_Erik_Satie_Playing_the_Harmonium_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3115" data-file-height="4633" /></a><figcaption>The composer <a href="/wiki/Eric_Satie" class="mw-redirect" title="Eric Satie">Eric Satie</a> playing the harmonium at <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Le_Chat_Noir" title="Le Chat Noir">Le Chat Noir</a></span></span> (1880s)</figcaption></figure> <p>The first cabaret in the modern sense was <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Le_Chat_Noir" title="Le Chat Noir">Le Chat Noir</a></span></span> in the bohemian neighborhood of <a href="/wiki/Montmartre" title="Montmartre">Montmartre</a>, created in 1881 by <a href="/wiki/Rodolphe_Salis" title="Rodolphe Salis">Rodolphe Salis</a>, a theatrical agent and entrepreneur.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It combined music and other entertainment with political commentary and satire.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;">Chat Noir</span></span> brought together the wealthy and famous of Paris with the bohemians and artists of Montmartre and the <a href="/wiki/Quartier_Pigalle" class="mw-redirect" title="Quartier Pigalle">Pigalle</a>. Its clientele "was a mixture of writers and painters, of journalists and students, of employees and high-livers, as well as models, prostitutes and true grand dames searching for exotic experiences."<sup id="cite_ref-Fierro,_pg._738_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fierro,_pg._738-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The host was Salis himself, calling himself a gentleman-<i>cabaretier</i>; he began each show with a monologue mocking the wealthy, ridiculing the deputies of the National Assembly, and making jokes about the events of the day. The cabaret was too small for the crowds trying to get in; at midnight on June 10, 1885, Salis and his customers moved down the street to a larger new club at 12 rue de Laval, which had a decor described as "A sort of Beirut with Chinese influences." The composer <a href="/wiki/Eric_Satie" class="mw-redirect" title="Eric Satie">Eric Satie</a>, after finishing his studies at the Conservatory, earned his living playing the piano at the <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;">Chat Noir</span></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-Fierro,_pg._738_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fierro,_pg._738-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GOUDEAU%26VIDAL_-_Au_Moulin_Rouge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/GOUDEAU%26VIDAL_-_Au_Moulin_Rouge.jpg/170px-GOUDEAU%26VIDAL_-_Au_Moulin_Rouge.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/GOUDEAU%26VIDAL_-_Au_Moulin_Rouge.jpg/255px-GOUDEAU%26VIDAL_-_Au_Moulin_Rouge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/GOUDEAU%26VIDAL_-_Au_Moulin_Rouge.jpg/340px-GOUDEAU%26VIDAL_-_Au_Moulin_Rouge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1481" data-file-height="2021" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Moulin_Rouge" title="Moulin Rouge">Moulin Rouge</a> in 1893</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Th%C3%A9ophile-Alexandre_Steinlen_-_Tourn%C3%A9e_du_Chat_Noir_de_Rodolphe_Salis_(Tour_of_Rodolphe_Salis%27_Chat_Noir)_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Th%C3%A9ophile-Alexandre_Steinlen_-_Tourn%C3%A9e_du_Chat_Noir_de_Rodolphe_Salis_%28Tour_of_Rodolphe_Salis%27_Chat_Noir%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/220px-Th%C3%A9ophile-Alexandre_Steinlen_-_Tourn%C3%A9e_du_Chat_Noir_de_Rodolphe_Salis_%28Tour_of_Rodolphe_Salis%27_Chat_Noir%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Th%C3%A9ophile-Alexandre_Steinlen_-_Tourn%C3%A9e_du_Chat_Noir_de_Rodolphe_Salis_%28Tour_of_Rodolphe_Salis%27_Chat_Noir%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/330px-Th%C3%A9ophile-Alexandre_Steinlen_-_Tourn%C3%A9e_du_Chat_Noir_de_Rodolphe_Salis_%28Tour_of_Rodolphe_Salis%27_Chat_Noir%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Th%C3%A9ophile-Alexandre_Steinlen_-_Tourn%C3%A9e_du_Chat_Noir_de_Rodolphe_Salis_%28Tour_of_Rodolphe_Salis%27_Chat_Noir%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/440px-Th%C3%A9ophile-Alexandre_Steinlen_-_Tourn%C3%A9e_du_Chat_Noir_de_Rodolphe_Salis_%28Tour_of_Rodolphe_Salis%27_Chat_Noir%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2699" data-file-height="3607" /></a><figcaption>1896 advertisement for a tour of the first French cabaret show, <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Le_Chat_Noir" title="Le Chat Noir">Le Chat Noir</a></span></span>.</figcaption></figure> <p>By 1896, there were 56 cabarets and cafes with music in Paris, along with a dozen music halls. The cabarets did not have a high reputation; one critic wrote in 1897 that "they sell drinks which are worth fifteen centimes along with verses which, for the most part, are worth nothing."<sup id="cite_ref-Fierro,_pg._738_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fierro,_pg._738-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The traditional cabarets, with monologues and songs and little decor, were replaced by more specialized venues; some, like the <i>Boite a Fursy</i> (1899), specialized in current events, politics and satire. Some were purely theatrical, producing short scenes of plays. Some focused on the macabre or erotic. The <i>Caberet de la fin du Monde</i> had servers dressed as Greek and Roman gods and presented living tableaus that were between erotic and pornographic.<sup id="cite_ref-Fierro_1996_page_738_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fierro_1996_page_738-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the end of the century, there were only a few cabarets of the old style remaining where artists and bohemians gathered. They included the <i><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_des_Noctambules" title="Théâtre des Noctambules">Cabaret des noctambules</a></i> on Rue Champollion on the Left Bank; the <a href="/wiki/Lapin_Agile" title="Lapin Agile">Lapin Agile</a> at Montmartre; and <i>Le Soleil d'or</i> at the corner of the quai Saint-Michel and boulevard Saint-Michel, where poets including <a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Apollinaire" title="Guillaume Apollinaire">Guillaume Apollinaire</a> and <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Salmon" title="André Salmon">André Salmon</a> met to share their work.<sup id="cite_ref-Fierro_1996_page_738_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fierro_1996_page_738-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Music_hall#Music_halls_of_Paris" title="Music hall">music hall</a>, first invented in London, appeared in Paris in 1862. It offered more lavish musical and theatrical productions, with elaborate costumes, singing, and dancing. The theaters of Paris, fearing competition from the music halls, had a law passed by the National Assembly forbidding music hall performers to wear costumes, dance, wear wigs, or recite dialogue. The law was challenged by the owner of the music hall <i>Eldorado</i> in 1867, who put a former famous actress from the Comédie-Française on stage to recite verse from Corneille and Racine. The public took the side of the music halls, and the law was repealed.<sup id="cite_ref-Fierro_1996,_page=1006_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fierro_1996,_page=1006-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Moulin_Rouge" title="Moulin Rouge">Moulin Rouge</a> was opened in 1889 by the Catalan Joseph Oller. It was greatly prominent because of the large red imitation windmill on its roof, and became the birthplace of the dance known as the French <a href="/wiki/Cancan" class="mw-redirect" title="Cancan">Cancan</a>. It helped make famous the singers <a href="/wiki/Mistinguett" title="Mistinguett">Mistinguett</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C3%89dith_Piaf" title="Édith Piaf">Édith Piaf</a> and the painter <a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Toulouse-Lautrec" title="Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec">Toulouse-Lautrec</a>, who made posters for the venue. The <i>Olympia</i>, also run by Oller, was the first to be called a music hall; it opened in 1893, followed by the Alhambra Music Hall in 1902, and the Printania in 1903. The Printania, open only in summer, had a large <i>music garden</i> which seated twelve thousand spectators, and produced dinner shows which presented twenty-three different acts, including singers, acrobats, horses, mimes, jugglers, lions, bears and elephants, with two shows a day.<sup id="cite_ref-Fierro_1996,_page=1006_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fierro_1996,_page=1006-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 20th century, the competition from motion pictures forced the dance halls to put on shows that were more spectacular and more complex. In 1911, the producer Jacques Charles of the <a href="/wiki/Olympia_Paris" class="mw-redirect" title="Olympia Paris">Olympia Paris</a> created the grand staircase as a setting for his shows, competing with its great rival, the <a href="/wiki/Folies_Berg%C3%A8re" title="Folies Bergère">Folies Bergère</a> which had been founded in 1869. Its stars in the 1920s included the American singer and dancer <a href="/wiki/Josephine_Baker" title="Josephine Baker">Josephine Baker</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Casino_de_Paris" title="Casino de Paris">Casino de Paris</a>, directed by Leon Volterra and then Henri Varna, presented many famous French singers, including Mistinguett, <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Chevalier" title="Maurice Chevalier">Maurice Chevalier</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tino_Rossi" title="Tino Rossi">Tino Rossi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Fierro_1996,_page=1006_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fierro_1996,_page=1006-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Le_Lido" title="Le Lido">Le Lido</a> on the Champs-Élysées opened in 1946, presenting Édith Piaf, <a href="/wiki/Laurel_and_Hardy" title="Laurel and Hardy">Laurel and Hardy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shirley_MacLaine" title="Shirley MacLaine">Shirley MacLaine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich">Marlene Dietrich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Chevalier" title="Maurice Chevalier">Maurice Chevalier</a>, and <a href="/wiki/No%C3%ABl_Coward" title="Noël Coward">Noël Coward</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Crazy_Horse_(cabaret)" title="Crazy Horse (cabaret)">Crazy Horse Saloon</a>, featuring striptease, dance, and magic, opened in 1951. The Olympia Paris went through a number of years as a movie theater before being revived as a music hall and concert stage in 1954. Performers there included Piaf, Dietrich, <a href="/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis">Miles Davis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland">Judy Garland</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Grateful_Dead" title="Grateful Dead">Grateful Dead</a>. A handful of music halls exist today in Paris, attended mostly by visitors to the city; and a number of more traditional cabarets, with music and satire, can be found. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Netherlands_(from_1885)"><span id="Netherlands_.28from_1885.29"></span><span class="anchor" id="Dutch_cabaret"></span>Netherlands (from 1885)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cabaret&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Netherlands (from 1885)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the Netherlands, cabaret or <i>kleinkunst</i> (literally: "small art") is a popular form of entertainment, usually performed in theatres. The birth date of Dutch cabaret is usually set at August 19, 1895.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Amsterdam, there is the Kleinkunstacademie (English: Cabaret Academy). It is often a mixture of (stand-up) comedy, theatre, and music and often includes social themes and political satire. In the mid twentieth century, "the big three" were <a href="/wiki/Wim_Sonneveld" title="Wim Sonneveld">Wim Sonneveld</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wim_Kan" title="Wim Kan">Wim Kan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Toon_Hermans" title="Toon Hermans">Toon Hermans</a>. Nowadays, many cabaret shows of popular "cabaretiers" (performers of cabaret) are broadcast on national television, especially on New Year's Eve, when several special cabaret shows are aired where the cabaretier usually reflects on large events of the past year.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Germany_(from_1901)"><span id="Germany_.28from_1901.29"></span>Germany (from 1901)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cabaret&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Germany (from 1901)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Kabarett" title="Kabarett">Kabarett</a></div> <p>German <i>Kabarett</i> developed from 1901, with the creation of the <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cberbrettl" title="Überbrettl">Überbrettl</a> (<i>Superstage</i>) venue, and by the <a href="/wiki/Weimar_era" class="mw-redirect" title="Weimar era">Weimar era</a> in the mid-1920s, the <i>Kabarett</i> performances were characterized by <a href="/wiki/Political_satire" title="Political satire">political satire</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gallows_humor" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallows humor">gallows humor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica97V2p702_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica97V2p702-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It shared the characteristic atmosphere of intimacy with the French cabaret from which it was imported, but the gallows humor was a distinct German aspect.<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica97V2p702_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica97V2p702-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Polish_(from_1905)"><span id="Polish_.28from_1905.29"></span><span class="anchor" id="Polish_cabaret"></span>Polish (from 1905)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cabaret&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Polish (from 1905)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:Polish_cabarets" title="Category:Polish cabarets">Category:Polish cabarets</a></div> <p>The Polish <i>kabaret</i> is a popular form of live (often <a href="/wiki/Televised" class="mw-redirect" title="Televised">televised</a>) entertainment involving a comedy troupe, and consisting mostly of comedy <a href="/wiki/Sketch_(comedy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sketch (comedy)">sketches</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monologue" title="Monologue">monologues</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stand_up_comedy" class="mw-redirect" title="Stand up comedy">stand up comedy</a>, songs and <a href="/wiki/Political_satire" title="Political satire">political satire</a> (often hidden behind <a href="/wiki/Double_entendre" title="Double entendre">double entendre</a> to fool <a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_the_People%27s_Republic_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Censorship in the People's Republic of Poland">censors</a>).<br /> It traces its origins to <a href="/wiki/Zielony_Balonik" title="Zielony Balonik">Zielony Balonik</a>, a famous literary cabaret founded in <a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Kraków</a> by local poets, writers and artists during the final years of the <a href="/wiki/Partitions_of_Poland" title="Partitions of Poland">Partitions of Poland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-APZ_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-APZ-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IK_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IK-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Interwar_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Interwar Poland">interwar Poland</a> there was a considerable number of <a href="/wiki/Yiddish" title="Yiddish">Yiddish</a>-language cabarets. This art form was called <i><b>kleynkunst</b></i> (lliterally "small art") in Yiddish. </p><p>In post-<a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">war</a> Poland, it is almost always associated with the <a href="/wiki/Dance_troupe" title="Dance troupe">troupe</a> (often <a href="/wiki/Touring_theatre" title="Touring theatre">on tour</a>), not the <a href="/wiki/Theater_(structure)" title="Theater (structure)">venue</a>; pre-war <a href="/wiki/Revue" title="Revue">revue</a> shows (with female dancers) were long gone.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States_(from_1911)"><span id="United_States_.28from_1911.29"></span>United States (from 1911)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cabaret&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: United States (from 1911)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Don%27t_Tell_Mama_Restaurant_2008_Manhattan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Don%27t_Tell_Mama_Restaurant_2008_Manhattan.jpg/220px-Don%27t_Tell_Mama_Restaurant_2008_Manhattan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Don%27t_Tell_Mama_Restaurant_2008_Manhattan.jpg/330px-Don%27t_Tell_Mama_Restaurant_2008_Manhattan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Don%27t_Tell_Mama_Restaurant_2008_Manhattan.jpg/440px-Don%27t_Tell_Mama_Restaurant_2008_Manhattan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>A long-established cabaret venue in Manhattan, New York</figcaption></figure> <p>American cabaret was imported from French cabaret by <a href="/wiki/Jesse_Louis_Lasky" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesse Louis Lasky">Jesse Louis Lasky</a> in 1911.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the United States, cabaret diverged into several different styles of performance mostly due to the influence of <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a> music. <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a> cabaret focused intensely on the larger band ensembles and reached its peak during <a href="/wiki/Roaring_Twenties" title="Roaring Twenties">Roaring Twenties</a>, under the <a href="/wiki/Prohibition_in_the_United_States" title="Prohibition in the United States">Prohibition Era</a>, where it was featured in the <a href="/wiki/Speakeasies" class="mw-redirect" title="Speakeasies">speakeasies</a> and <a href="/wiki/Steakhouse" title="Steakhouse">steakhouses</a>. </p><p>New York cabaret never developed to feature a great deal of social commentary. When New York cabarets featured jazz, they tended to focus on famous vocalists like <a href="/wiki/Nina_Simone" title="Nina Simone">Nina Simone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bette_Midler" title="Bette Midler">Bette Midler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eartha_Kitt" title="Eartha Kitt">Eartha Kitt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peggy_Lee" title="Peggy Lee">Peggy Lee</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hildegarde" title="Hildegarde">Hildegarde</a> rather than instrumental musicians. <a href="/wiki/Julius_Monk" title="Julius Monk">Julius Monk</a>'s annual revues established the standard for New York cabaret during the late 1950s and '60s. </p><p>Cabaret in the United States began to decline in the 1960s, due to the rising popularity of <a href="/wiki/Rock_concert" title="Rock concert">rock concert</a> shows, television <a href="/wiki/Variety_shows" class="mw-redirect" title="Variety shows">variety shows</a>,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and general <a href="/wiki/Comedy" title="Comedy">comedy</a> theaters. However, it remained in some Las Vegas-style dinner shows, such as the <a href="/wiki/Tropicana_Resort_%26_Casino" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropicana Resort & Casino">Tropicana</a>, with fewer comedy segments. The art form still survives in various musical formats, as well as in the <a href="/wiki/Stand-up_comedy" title="Stand-up comedy">stand-up comedy</a> format, and in popular <a href="/wiki/Drag_show" title="Drag show">drag show</a> performances. </p><p>The late 20th and early 21st century saw a revival of American cabaret, particularly in <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon">Portland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orlando,_Florida" title="Orlando, Florida">Orlando</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tulsa,_Oklahoma" title="Tulsa, Oklahoma">Tulsa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asheville,_North_Carolina" title="Asheville, North Carolina">Asheville, North Carolina</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kansas_City,_Missouri" title="Kansas City, Missouri">Kansas City, Missouri</a>, as new generations of performers reinterpret the old forms in both music and theater. Many contemporary cabaret groups in the United States and elsewhere feature a combination of original music, <a href="/wiki/American_burlesque" title="American burlesque">burlesque</a> and political satire. In New York City, since 1985, successful, enduring or innovative cabaret acts have been honored by the annual Bistro Awards.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ani_Mru_Mru_in_Edinburgh_04.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Ani_Mru_Mru_in_Edinburgh_04.jpg/220px-Ani_Mru_Mru_in_Edinburgh_04.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Ani_Mru_Mru_in_Edinburgh_04.jpg/330px-Ani_Mru_Mru_in_Edinburgh_04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Ani_Mru_Mru_in_Edinburgh_04.jpg/440px-Ani_Mru_Mru_in_Edinburgh_04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="556" data-file-height="371" /></a><figcaption>The <i>Ani Mru Mru</i> Polish cabaret group performing in Edinburgh in 2007</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Giti_Kashani_performing_the_Chains_in_the_Sky,_Tehran,_Iran,_1974-1975_(1)_(51033985896).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Giti_Kashani_performing_the_Chains_in_the_Sky%2C_Tehran%2C_Iran%2C_1974-1975_%281%29_%2851033985896%29.jpg/220px-Giti_Kashani_performing_the_Chains_in_the_Sky%2C_Tehran%2C_Iran%2C_1974-1975_%281%29_%2851033985896%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Giti_Kashani_performing_the_Chains_in_the_Sky%2C_Tehran%2C_Iran%2C_1974-1975_%281%29_%2851033985896%29.jpg/330px-Giti_Kashani_performing_the_Chains_in_the_Sky%2C_Tehran%2C_Iran%2C_1974-1975_%281%29_%2851033985896%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Giti_Kashani_performing_the_Chains_in_the_Sky%2C_Tehran%2C_Iran%2C_1974-1975_%281%29_%2851033985896%29.jpg/440px-Giti_Kashani_performing_the_Chains_in_the_Sky%2C_Tehran%2C_Iran%2C_1974-1975_%281%29_%2851033985896%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1971" data-file-height="1495" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Persian_theatre" title="Persian theatre">Giti Kashani</a> performing at a cabaret in <a href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</a>, before the <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Revolution">1979 revolution</a> and new government policy.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Kingdom_(from_1912)"><span id="United_Kingdom_.28from_1912.29"></span>United Kingdom (from 1912)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cabaret&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: United Kingdom (from 1912)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Cabaret Theatre Club, later known as <a href="/wiki/The_Cave_of_the_Golden_Calf" title="The Cave of the Golden Calf">The Cave of the Golden Calf</a>, was opened by <a href="/wiki/Frida_Uhl" title="Frida Uhl">Frida Strindberg</a> (modelled on the Kaberett Fledermaus in Strindberg's native Vienna) in a basement at 9 Heddon Street, London, in 1912. She intended her club to be an avant-garde meeting place for bohemian writers and artists, with decorations by <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Epstein" title="Jacob Epstein">Jacob Epstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eric_Gill" title="Eric Gill">Eric Gill</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wyndham_Lewis" title="Wyndham Lewis">Wyndham Lewis</a>, but it rapidly came to be seen as an amusing place for high society and went bankrupt in 1914. The Cave was nevertheless an influential venture, which introduced the concept of cabaret to London. It provided a model for the generation of nightclubs that came after it.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>"The clubs that started the present vogue for dance clubs were the Cabaret Club in Heddon Street . . . . The Cabaret Club was the first club where members were expected to appear in evening clothes. . . . The Cabaret Club began a system of vouchers which friends of members could use to obtain admission to the club. . . . the question of the legality of these vouchers led to a famous visitation of the police. That was the night a certain Duke was got out by way of the kitchen lift . . . The visitation was a well-mannered affair'<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iran_(until_1979)"><span id="Iran_.28until_1979.29"></span>Iran (until 1979)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cabaret&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Iran (until 1979)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One of the main gathering centers of cabarets in <a href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</a> (Iranian capital) was <a href="/wiki/Laleh-Zar_Street" title="Laleh-Zar Street">Laleh-Zar Street</a>. Famous Persian cabarets were active in the city until <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Revolution">1979</a>. They also introduced many domestic artists. In common language, <i>cabaret</i> sometimes called by Iranians "home of dance" (In <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>: <i>رقاص‌خانه</i>) or "dancing place".<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sweden_(from_1970s)"><span id="Sweden_.28from_1970s.29"></span>Sweden (from 1970s)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cabaret&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Sweden (from 1970s)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fattighuskabar%C3%A9n_%22Sankta_Bongita%22_1974.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Fattighuskabar%C3%A9n_%22Sankta_Bongita%22_1974.jpg/220px-Fattighuskabar%C3%A9n_%22Sankta_Bongita%22_1974.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Fattighuskabar%C3%A9n_%22Sankta_Bongita%22_1974.jpg/330px-Fattighuskabar%C3%A9n_%22Sankta_Bongita%22_1974.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Fattighuskabar%C3%A9n_%22Sankta_Bongita%22_1974.jpg/440px-Fattighuskabar%C3%A9n_%22Sankta_Bongita%22_1974.jpg 2x" data-file-width="796" data-file-height="639" /></a><figcaption><i>Saint Bongita</i> in the 1974 Christmas show at the Poor House, Stockholm</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Underground_music" title="Underground music">underground</a> show called <i>Fattighuskabarén</i> (<i>Poor House Cabaret</i>) opened in 1974 and ran for 10 years.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Performers of later celebrity and fame (in Sweden) such as <a href="/wiki/Ted_%C3%85str%C3%B6m" title="Ted Åström">Ted Åström</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%96rjan_Ramberg" title="Örjan Ramberg">Örjan Ramberg</a>, and Agneta Lindén began their careers there. <i><a href="/wiki/Wild_Side_Story" title="Wild Side Story">Wild Side Story</a></i> also had several runs in Stockholm, at <a href="/wiki/Alexandra_Charles" title="Alexandra Charles">Alexandra's</a> (1976 with <a href="/wiki/Ulla_Jones" title="Ulla Jones">Ulla Jones</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christer_Lindarw" title="Christer Lindarw">Christer Lindarw</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Camarillo (1997),<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rosenlundsteatern/Teater Tre (2000),<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wild Side Lounge at Bäckahästen (2003 with <a href="/wiki/Helena_Mattsson" title="Helena Mattsson">Helena Mattsson</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Mango Bar (2004).<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alexandra's had also hosted <i>AlexCab</i> in 1975,<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as had Compagniet in <a href="/wiki/Gothenburg" title="Gothenburg">Gothenburg</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Serbia_(from_2010s)"><span id="Serbia_.28from_2010s.29"></span>Serbia (from 2010s)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cabaret&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Serbia (from 2010s)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2019 the first Serbian cabaret club Lafayette opened.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although Serbia and <a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a> had a rich <a href="/wiki/Nightlife_in_Belgrade" title="Nightlife in Belgrade">nightlife</a> and theater life there was no cabaret house until 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_venues">Notable venues</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cabaret&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Notable venues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabane_Choucoune" title="Cabane Choucoune">Cabane Choucoune</a> in <a href="/wiki/Port-au-Prince" title="Port-au-Prince">Port-au-Prince</a>, Haiti</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabaret_Red_Light" title="Cabaret Red Light">Cabaret Red Light</a> in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia,_Pennsylvania" class="mw-redirect" title="Philadelphia, Pennsylvania">Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabaret_Voltaire_(Z%C3%BCrich)" title="Cabaret Voltaire (Zürich)">Cabaret Voltaire</a> in <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Zürich">Zürich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlyle_Hotel" title="Carlyle Hotel">Café Carlyle</a> in New York City</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caf%C3%A9_de_Paris_(London)" class="mw-redirect" title="Café de Paris (London)">Café de Paris</a> in London, England</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Cabaret_Theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="American Cabaret Theatre">The Cabaret</a> in Indianapolis, Indiana</li> <li>Cabaret rooms at various <a href="/wiki/Chuck_E._Cheese" title="Chuck E. Cheese">Chuck E. Cheese's Pizza Time Theatres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crazy_Horse_(cabaret)" title="Crazy Horse (cabaret)">Crazy Horse</a> in Paris, France</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darling_Cabaret" title="Darling Cabaret">Darling Cabaret</a> in <a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Mocambo" title="El Mocambo">El Mocambo</a> in <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>, Ontario, Canada</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=El_Molino_(cabaret)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="El Molino (cabaret) (page does not exist)">El Molino</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Molino" class="extiw" title="es:El Molino">es</a>]</span> in <a href="/wiki/List_of_theatres_and_concert_halls_in_Barcelona" title="List of theatres and concert halls in Barcelona">Barcelona</a>, Spain</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feinstein%27s/54_Below" class="mw-redirect" title="Feinstein's/54 Below">Feinstein's/54 Below</a> in New York City</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folies_Bergere" class="mw-redirect" title="Folies Bergere">Folies Bergere</a> in Paris, France</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lafayette_Cuisine_Cabaret_Club&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lafayette Cuisine Cabaret Club (page does not exist)">Lafayette</a> in <a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a>, Serbia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapin_Agile" title="Lapin Agile">Lapin Agile</a> in Paris, France</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Lido" title="Le Lido">Le Lido</a> in Paris, France</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Rat_Mort" title="Le Rat Mort">Le Rat Mort</a> in Paris, France</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_Chicago" title="Metro Chicago">Metro Chicago</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chicago,_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicago, Illinois">Chicago, Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moulin_Rouge" title="Moulin Rouge">Moulin Rouge</a> in Paris, France</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropicana_Club" title="Tropicana Club">The Tropicana</a> in <a href="/wiki/Havana" title="Havana">Havana</a>, Cuba</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_artists">Notable artists</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cabaret&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Notable artists"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/May_Alix" title="May Alix">May Alix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josephine_Baker" title="Josephine Baker">Josephine Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernie_Dieter" title="Bernie Dieter">Bernie Dieter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich">Marlene Dietrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascinating_A%C3%AFda" title="Fascinating Aïda">Fascinating Aïda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ute_Lemper" title="Ute Lemper">Ute Lemper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melissa_Madden_Gray" title="Melissa Madden Gray">Meow Meow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mabel_Mercer" title="Mabel Mercer">Mabel Mercer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eartha_Kitt" title="Eartha Kitt">Eartha Kitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89dith_Piaf" title="Édith Piaf">Édith Piaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tino_Rossi" title="Tino Rossi">Tino Rossi</a></li> <li>Lady Rizo</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cabaret&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabaret_(musical)" title="Cabaret (musical)">Cabaret (musical)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cabaret_Paradis" title="Cabaret Paradis">Cabaret Paradis</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_cabaret" title="Dark cabaret">Dark cabaret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinner_theater" title="Dinner theater">Dinner theater</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Soir%C3%A9e" title="La Soirée">La Soirée</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nightclub_act" title="Nightclub act">Nightclub act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revue" title="Revue">Revue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedette_(cabaret)" title="Vedette (cabaret)">Vedette (cabaret)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cabaret&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cabaret&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFFierro1996" class="citation book cs1">Fierro, Alfred (1996). <i>Histoire et dictionnaire de Paris</i>. Robert Laffont. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-221--07862-4" title="Special:BookSources/2-221--07862-4"><bdi>2-221--07862-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+et+dictionnaire+de+Paris&rft.pub=Robert+Laffont&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=2-221--07862-4&rft.aulast=Fierro&rft.aufirst=Alfred&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACabaret" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes_and_citations">Notes and citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cabaret&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Notes and citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLatham2002" class="citation book cs1">Latham, Alison (2002). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780198662129/page/189"><i>The Oxford Companion to Music</i></a></span>. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780198662129/page/189">189</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780198662129" title="Special:BookSources/9780198662129"><bdi>9780198662129</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Companion+to+Music&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=189&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9780198662129&rft.aulast=Latham&rft.aufirst=Alison&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780198662129%2Fpage%2F189&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACabaret" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnrtl.fr/etymologie/cabaret">"Etymology of Cabaret"</a> (in French). Ortolong: site of the Centre National des Resources Textuelles et Lexicales<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Etymology+of+Cabaret&rft.pub=Ortolong%3A+site+of+the+Centre+National+des+Resources+Textuelles+et+Lexicales&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnrtl.fr%2Fetymologie%2Fcabaret&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACabaret" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/cabaret">"Cabaret definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary"</a>. <i>www.collinsdictionary.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-08-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.collinsdictionary.com&rft.atitle=Cabaret+definition+and+meaning+%7C+Collins+English+Dictionary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.collinsdictionary.com%2Fdictionary%2Fenglish%2Fcabaret&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACabaret" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fierro-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fierro_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fierro_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFierro1996" class="citation book cs1">Fierro, Alfred (1996). <i>Histoire et Dictionnaire de Paris</i>. Robert Laffont. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-221-07862-4" title="Special:BookSources/2-221-07862-4"><bdi>2-221-07862-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+et+Dictionnaire+de+Paris&rft.pub=Robert+Laffont&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=2-221-07862-4&rft.aulast=Fierro&rft.aufirst=Alfred&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACabaret" class="Z3988"></span>, page 737</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-chev-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-chev_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jim Chevallier, <i>A History of the Food of Paris: From Roast Mammoth to Steak Frites</i>, 2018, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1442272821" title="Special:BookSources/1442272821">1442272821</a>, pp. 67-80</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fierro (1996), page 744</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeakin2011" class="citation news cs1">Meakin, Anna (2011-12-19). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bonjourparis.com/archives/chat-noir-montmartre-cabaret/">"Le Chat Noir: Historic Montmartre Cabaret"</a>. <i>Bonjour Paris</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-08-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bonjour+Paris&rft.atitle=Le+Chat+Noir%3A+Historic+Montmartre+Cabaret&rft.date=2011-12-19&rft.aulast=Meakin&rft.aufirst=Anna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbonjourparis.com%2Farchives%2Fchat-noir-montmartre-cabaret%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACabaret" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(Haine 8).<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaine2013" class="citation book cs1">Haine, W.Scott (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150923185544/http://www.ashgate.com/isbn/9781409438793"><i>The Thinking Space: The Café as a Cultural Institution in Paris, Italy and Vienna</i></a>. Ashgate. p. 8. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781409438793" title="Special:BookSources/9781409438793"><bdi>9781409438793</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ashgate.com/isbn/9781409438793">the original</a> on 2015-09-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-11-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Thinking+Space%3A+The+Caf%C3%A9+as+a+Cultural+Institution+in+Paris%2C+Italy+and+Vienna&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=Ashgate&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9781409438793&rft.aulast=Haine&rft.aufirst=W.Scott&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ashgate.com%2Fisbn%2F9781409438793&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACabaret" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fierro,_pg._738-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fierro,_pg._738_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fierro,_pg._738_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fierro,_pg._738_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cited in Fierro, <i>Histoire et Dictionnaire de Paris</i>, pg. 738</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fierro_1996_page_738-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fierro_1996_page_738_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fierro_1996_page_738_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Fierro (1996) page 738</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fierro_1996,_page=1006-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fierro_1996,_page=1006_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fierro_1996,_page=1006_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fierro_1996,_page=1006_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Fierro (1996), page 1006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Willem Frijhoff, Marijke Spies (2004) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PwaRGhi24qEC&pg=PA507"><i>Dutch Culture in a European Perspective: 1900, the age of bourgeois culture</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160522204637/https://books.google.com/books?id=PwaRGhi24qEC&pg=PA507">Archived</a> 2016-05-22 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, p.507</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oudejaarsconference" class="extiw" title="nl:Oudejaarsconference">nl:Oudejaarsconference</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Wikipedia_and_sources_that_mirror_or_use_it" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="This claim cites another Wikipedia article. Articles need references to reliable third-party sources. (April 2019)">circular reference</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Britannica97V2p702-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica97V2p702_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Britannica97V2p702_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">(1997) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eecaAQAAMAAJ"><i>The new encyclopaedia Britannica</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160428140908/https://books.google.com/books?id=eecaAQAAMAAJ">Archived</a> 2016-04-28 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Volume 2, p.702 quote: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>It retained the intimate atmosphere, entertainment platform, and improvisational character of the French cabaret but developed its own characteristic gallows humour. By the late 1920s the German cabaret gradually had come to feature mildly risque musical entertainment for the middle-class man, as well as biting political and social satire. It was also a centre for underground political and literary movements. [...] They were the centres of leftist of opposition to the rise of the German Nazi Party and often experienced Nazi retaliation for their criticism of the government.</p></blockquote></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-APZ-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-APZ_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.apz.org.pl/pokaz/op_14">The Little Green Balloon (Zielony Balonik).</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120425081005/http://www.apz.org.pl/pokaz/op_14">Archived</a> 2012-04-25 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>Akademia Pełni Życia,</i> Kraków. <span class="languageicon">(in English and Polish)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IK-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IK_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bookinstitute.pl/en,ik,site,40,78,1326.php">Zielony Balonik.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120401070054/http://www.bookinstitute.pl/en%2Cik%2Csite%2C40%2C78%2C1326.php">Archived</a> 2012-04-01 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 2011 <i>Instytut Książki</i>, Poland.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vogel, Shane (2009) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0KhrX5Q4_AoC&pg=PA39"><i>The scene of Harlem cabaret: race, sexuality, performance</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160428140802/https://books.google.com/books?id=0KhrX5Q4_AoC&pg=PA39">Archived</a> 2016-04-28 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, ch.1, p.39</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Erenberg, Lewis A. (1984) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/steppinoutnewyor00eren/page/75"><i>Steppin' out: New York nightlife and the transformation of American culture, 1890-1930</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160511223002/https://books.google.com/books?id=nulbpUq-rFkC&pg=PA75">Archived</a> 2016-05-11 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> pp.75-76</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Malnig, Julie (1992) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dancingtilldawnc0000maln"><i>Dancing till dawn: a century of exhibition ballroom dance</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160520035553/https://books.google.com/books?id=ZpwkAQAAIAAJ">Archived</a> 2016-05-20 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, p.95</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hall, Kevin Scott. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.edgenewyork.com/index.php?ch=entertainment&sc=music&sc2=features&sc3=&id=104603">"@ the 2010 Bistro Awards"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110710171805/http://www.edgenewyork.com/index.php?ch=entertainment&sc=music&sc2=features&sc3=&id=104603">Archived</a> 2011-07-10 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>Edge</i> magazine, April 15, 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161228072711/http://www.20thcenturylondon.org.uk/mol-34-257-244">"The programme and menu from the Cave of the Golden Calf, Cabaret and Theatre Club - Explore 20th Century London"</a>. <i>20thcenturylondon.org.uk</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.20thcenturylondon.org.uk/mol-34-257-244">the original</a> on 28 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=20thcenturylondon.org.uk&rft.atitle=The+programme+and+menu+from+the+Cave+of+the+Golden+Calf%2C+Cabaret+and+Theatre+Club+-+Explore+20th+Century+London&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.20thcenturylondon.org.uk%2Fmol-34-257-244&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACabaret" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">'A Round of the Night Clubs' G H Fosdyke Nichols p 945 in <i>Wonderful London</i> ed. St. John Adcock 1927</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEntekhab.ir2023" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Entekhab.ir, پایگاه خبری تحلیلی انتخاب | (2023-05-29). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.entekhab.ir/fa/news/657920">"گزارشی از شب های تهران ۴۷ سال پیش / آمارهای قابل توجه درمورد تهرانی ها و خرج هایی که صرف خوشگذرانی می کردند"</a>. <i>fa</i> (in Persian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=fa&rft.atitle=%DA%AF%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B4%DB%8C+%D8%A7%D8%B2+%D8%B4%D8%A8+%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C+%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86+%DB%B4%DB%B7+%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84+%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B4+%2F+%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C+%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%84+%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%87+%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF+%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C+%D9%87%D8%A7+%D9%88+%D8%AE%D8%B1%D8%AC+%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C+%DA%A9%D9%87+%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%81+%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B4%DA%AF%D8%B0%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C+%D9%85%DB%8C+%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86%D8%AF&rft.date=2023-05-29&rft.aulast=Entekhab.ir&rft.aufirst=%D9%BE%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87+%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C+%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C+%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A8+%7C&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.entekhab.ir%2Ffa%2Fnews%2F657920&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACabaret" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.203105123047460.52499.135967279761245">"About Swenglistic Underground - Facebook"</a>. <i>Facebook.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Facebook.com&rft.atitle=About+Swenglistic+Underground+-+Facebook&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Fmedia%2Fset%2F%3Fset%3Da.203105123047460.52499.135967279761245&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACabaret" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kalle Westerling (2006) <i>La Dolce Vita</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/91-85505-15-3" title="Special:BookSources/91-85505-15-3">91-85505-15-3</a> pp. 20-22</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Christer_Lindarw" title="Christer Lindarw">Christer Lindarw</a> and Christina Kellberg in <i>This Is My Life</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-91-7424-533-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-91-7424-533-2">978-91-7424-533-2</a> pp. 75-76</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sten_Hedman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sten Hedman (page does not exist)">Sten Hedman</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sten_Hedman_(f%C3%B6dd_1942)" class="extiw" title="sv:Sten Hedman (född 1942)">sv</a>]</span> (January 14, 1976) <i>Damernas Värld</i> <a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a> "Wild side story stans bästa show" p. 10<sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Wikipedia_and_sources_that_mirror_or_use_it" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="This claim cites another Wikipedia article. Articles need references to reliable third-party sources. (September 2022)">circular reference</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Eva Norlén (July 21, 1997) <i><a href="/wiki/Aftonbladet" title="Aftonbladet">Aftonbladet</a></i> "Åtta handplockade artister lovar en helvild kväll" p. 37</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kathy Riley (July 16, 1997) <i>Stockholm International</i> <a href="/wiki/SR_International_%E2%80%93_Radio_Sweden" title="SR International – Radio Sweden">SR International – Radio Sweden</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Linda Romanus, <i>Tidningen <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B6dermalm" title="Södermalm">Södermalm</a> / Nöjesrepubliken</i>, 24. Juni 2000, "KABARÉ: Wild side story till Gamla stan" p. 22</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>What's On</i> by the City of <a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a> (July 2003) "Wild Side Story – What Leonard Bernstein Didn't Write" p. 16</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>What's On</i> by the City of <a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a> (July 2004) "Don't Miss Wild Side Story in English" p. 12</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lisbeth Borger-Bendegard in <i><a href="/wiki/Svenska_Dagbladet" title="Svenska Dagbladet">Svenska Dagbladet</a></i> 1975-09-14 "Man borde inte sova ..." p. 20 & 1975-10-24 "Krogen just nu; vilket hålligång!" p. 17</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lasse Råde in <i><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6teborgs-Tidningen" class="mw-redirect" title="Göteborgs-Tidningen">Göteborgs-Tidningen</a></i> 1975-11-21 "Jubelshow!" p. 16</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.muskimagazin.rs/Lifestyle/Hedonizam/pariski-duh-u-beogradu-otvoren-lafayette-cuisine-cabaret-club">"Pariski duh u Beogradu - otvoren "Lafayette" cuisine cabaret club"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pariski+duh+u+Beogradu+-+otvoren+%22Lafayette%22+cuisine+cabaret+club&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.muskimagazin.rs%2FLifestyle%2FHedonizam%2Fpariski-duh-u-beogradu-otvoren-lafayette-cuisine-cabaret-club&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACabaret" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ataimages.rs/media.details.php?mediaID=172816">"Opening of a new nightclub in Belgrade - Lafayette.Otvaranje novog nocnog kluba u Beogradu - Lafayette. – ATAIMAGES.RS"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Opening+of+a+new+nightclub+in+Belgrade+-+Lafayette.Otvaranje+novog+nocnog+kluba+u+Beogradu+-+Lafayette.+%E2%80%93+ATAIMAGES.RS&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fataimages.rs%2Fmedia.details.php%3FmediaID%3D172816&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACabaret" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lafayette.rs/">"Laffayete Belgrade"</a>. <i>lafayette.rs</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-11-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=lafayette.rs&rft.atitle=Laffayete+Belgrade&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flafayette.rs%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACabaret" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cabaret&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library" title="Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library">Library resources</a> about <br /> <b>Cabaret</b> <hr /></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=cabaret">Resources in your library</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=cabaret&library=0CHOOSE0">Resources in other libraries</a></li> </ul></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cabaret" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Cabaret">Cabaret</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/_low001199301_01/_low001199301_01_0034.php">An Anatomy of Dutch Cabaret</a> article from the magazine <i>The Low Countries</i> (1994)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://netherlandsbynumbers.com/2015/02/25/dutch-cabaret-in-8-steps/">Dutch cabaret in 8 steps</a> article on 'The Netherlands by numbers' (2015)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100624090418/http://www.deineka.info/work-cabare.php"><i>The Cabaret</i>, 1921 painting by Alexander Deyneka</a></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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