CINXE.COM

Safety

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challenges of direct-contact nondestructive testing using a drone.</div> <div class="PromoC-footer"> <div class="PromoC-by-line">April 2, 2025 &bull; Jennifer Pallanich &bull; <span class="PromoC-publication">Data Science and Digital Engineering</span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ListG-items-column"> <div class="ListG-items-item"> <div class="PromoB"data-content-type="article" data-image-align="top" data-image-size=> <div class="PromoB-content"> <div class="PromoB-media"> <a class="Link" aria-label="Tech Advantage: Augmented Reality, Wireless Sensors, and Digital Twins Enhance Offshore Operations" href="https://jpt.spe.org/tech-advantage-augmented-reality-wireless-sensors-and-digital-twins-enhance-offshore-operations" data-cms-ai="0" > <img class="Image" alt="Shell_hero.jpg" width="320" height="180" 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efficiency.</div> <div class="PromoB-footer"> <div class="PromoB-by-line">April 1, 2025 &bull; Jennifer Pallanich &bull; <span class="PromoB-publication">Data Science and Digital Engineering</span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ListG-items-item"> <div class="PromoB"data-content-type="article" data-image-align="top" data-image-size=> <div class="PromoB-content"> <div class="PromoB-media"> <a class="Link" aria-label="Under Pressure: Mental Resilience in Saturation Diving" href="https://jpt.spe.org/under-pressure-mental-resilience-in-saturation-diving" data-cms-ai="0" > <img class="Image" alt="image0.jpeg" width="320" height="180" data-src="https://assets.spe.org/dims4/default/ed46815/2147483647/strip/true/crop/1123x632+0+0/resize/320x180!/quality/90/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fspe-brightspot.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com%2Fa6%2F6b%2Fb729c0d045fdbaad0e5f34a633bd%2Fimage0.jpeg" data-lazy-load="true" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="data-image-size="promoMediumShort" > </a> </div> <div class="PromoB-category"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/subsea-systems" data-cms-ai="0" >Offshore/subsea systems</a> </div> <div class="PromoB-title"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/under-pressure-mental-resilience-in-saturation-diving" data-cms-ai="0" >Under Pressure: Mental Resilience in Saturation Diving</a> </div> <div class="PromoB-description">TechnipFMC diver Stuart Cowie shares his 17-year experience working as a saturation diver in the oil and gas industry and how to manage mental health and well-being during the often isolating work demands.</div> <div class="PromoB-footer"> <div class="PromoB-by-line">March 31, 2025 &bull; Stuart Cowie &bull; <span class="PromoB-publication">HSE Now</span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="RichTextModule"> <div class="RichTextModule-items RichTextBody"><p><hr style="width:100%"></hr style="width:100%"></p></div> </div> <div class="OneColumnContainer"> <div class="OneColumnContainer-row"> <div class="OneColumnContainer-column"> <ps-list-pagination> <div class="ListE ListE-Pagination"> <div class="ListE-header" data-no-title> </div> <ul class="ListE-items"> <li class="ListE-items-item"> <div class="PromoB"data-content-type="article" data-image-align="right" data-image-size=> <div class="PromoB-content"> <div class="PromoB-media"> <a class="Link" aria-label="EPA Announces Reconsideration of Risk Management Plan" href="https://jpt.spe.org/epa-announces-reconsideration-of-risk-management-plan" data-cms-ai="0" > <img class="Image" alt="EPA Offices, Washington DC" width="365" height="204" data-src="https://assets.spe.org/dims4/default/5d056ec/2147483647/strip/true/crop/934x522+0+0/resize/365x204!/quality/90/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fspe-brightspot.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com%2F31%2F9e%2Ff2ba2a674f03bcd756020877b7fe%2Fepa.jpg" 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Source: Altave." width="365" height="204" data-src="https://assets.spe.org/dims4/default/e9119c3/2147483647/strip/true/crop/850x475+0+45/resize/365x204!/quality/90/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fspe-brightspot.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com%2Fdf%2Fd1%2Fe951f5bb4bbc88cf70b0b77081fd%2Fjpt-2025-02-altave-system-hero.jpg" data-lazy-load="true" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="data-image-size="promoSearch" > </a> </div> <div class="PromoB-category"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/ai-machine-learning" data-cms-ai="0" >AI/machine learning</a> </div> <div class="PromoB-title"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/seeing-the-unseen-computer-vision-in-action-restricted" data-cms-ai="0" >Seeing the Unseen: Computer Vision in Action</a> </div> <div class="PromoB-description">From optimizing drilling performance to enhancing worker safety, computer vision can change how the industry works.</div> <div class="PromoB-footer"> <span class="PromoB-lock"> <svg><use xlink:href="#lock"></use></svg><span class="sr-only">Locked</span> </span> <div class="PromoB-by-line">February 1, 2025 &bull; Jennifer Pallanich &bull; <a href="http://www.spe.org/publications/subscribe.php" class="PromoB-publication" data-cms-ai="0">Journal of Petroleum Technology</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="ListE-items-item"> <div class="PromoB"data-content-type="article" data-image-align="right" data-image-size=> <div class="PromoB-content"> <div class="PromoB-media"> <a class="Link" aria-label="SafeOCS Releases Updated Offshore Well Control Equipment Failure Reporting Form and Guidance" href="https://jpt.spe.org/safeocs-releases-updated-offshore-well-control-equipment-failure-reporting-form-and-guidance" data-cms-ai="0" > <img class="Image" alt="HDR of Offshore Jack Up Rig in The Middle of The Sea at Sunset Time" width="365" height="204" data-src="https://assets.spe.org/dims4/default/977b950/2147483647/strip/true/crop/943x527+0+0/resize/365x204!/quality/90/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fspe-brightspot.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com%2Fdf%2F15%2F2b6c164a40819c69967197397097%2Foffshore.jpg" data-lazy-load="true" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="data-image-size="promoSearch" > </a> </div> <div class="PromoB-category"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/safety" data-cms-ai="0" >Safety</a> </div> <div class="PromoB-title"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/safeocs-releases-updated-offshore-well-control-equipment-failure-reporting-form-and-guidance" data-cms-ai="0" >SafeOCS Releases Updated Offshore Well Control Equipment Failure Reporting Form and Guidance</a> </div> <div class="PromoB-description">The update is designed to improve the accuracy and completeness of reported data, reduce the time needed to complete the form, and support deeper understanding of equipment failures.</div> <div class="PromoB-footer"> <div class="PromoB-by-line">January 27, 2025 &bull; <span class="PromoB-publication">HSE Now</span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="ListE-items-item"> <div class="PromoB"data-content-type="article" data-image-align="right" data-image-size=> <div class="PromoB-content"> <div class="PromoB-media"> <a class="Link" aria-label="Quantitative Risk Assessments: Why They Fall Short and How to Use Them Better " href="https://jpt.spe.org/quantitative-risk-assessments-why-they-fall-short-and-how-to-use-them-better" data-cms-ai="0" > <img class="Image" alt="TexasCity.jpg" width="365" height="204" data-src="https://assets.spe.org/dims4/default/74ec0f5/2147483647/strip/true/crop/1022x571+39+0/resize/365x204!/quality/90/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fspe-brightspot.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com%2F14%2F12%2F7384b3c5471e9f581d3aaec0505c%2Ftexascity.jpg" data-lazy-load="true" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="data-image-size="promoSearch" > </a> </div> <div class="PromoB-category"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/safety" data-cms-ai="0" >Safety</a> </div> <div class="PromoB-title"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/quantitative-risk-assessments-why-they-fall-short-and-how-to-use-them-better" data-cms-ai="0" >Quantitative Risk Assessments: Why They Fall Short and How to Use Them Better </a> </div> <div class="PromoB-description">This paper discusses and demonstrates the limitations of quantitative risk assessments (QRA) with respect to the usefulness of the concept in managing day-to-day and emerging risks as well as the effect of change. The paper goes on to discuss improved solution sets compared with pure reliance on QRA.</div> <div class="PromoB-footer"> <div class="PromoB-by-line">January 21, 2025 &bull; <span class="PromoB-publication">HSE Now</span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="ListE-items-item"> <div class="PromoB"data-content-type="article" data-image-align="right" data-image-size=> <div class="PromoB-content"> <div class="PromoB-media"> <a class="Link" aria-label="Riskwashing Identification and Minimization" href="https://jpt.spe.org/riskwashing-identification-and-minimization" data-cms-ai="0" > <img class="Image" alt="Risk management is the process of identifying, assessing, and mitigating risks to minimize future occurrences, ensuring organizational readiness and stability amidst unforeseen challenges." width="365" height="204" data-src="https://assets.spe.org/dims4/default/9106771/2147483647/strip/true/crop/862x482+100+0/resize/365x204!/quality/90/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fspe-brightspot.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com%2F88%2Ff4%2F4c43130b4cfcbee039f89684a4ff%2Frisk.jpg" data-lazy-load="true" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="data-image-size="promoSearch" > </a> </div> <div class="PromoB-category"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/risk-management" data-cms-ai="0" >Risk management</a> </div> <div class="PromoB-title"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/riskwashing-identification-and-minimization" data-cms-ai="0" >Riskwashing Identification and Minimization</a> </div> <div class="PromoB-description">“Riskwashing” refers to a situation where an organization engages in superficial or insincere actions to create the appearance of addressing a particular risk or issue without actually taking substantive action to address the underlying problem. This paper presents methods to identify and minimize riskwashing as an organizational response to incidents.</div> <div class="PromoB-footer"> <div class="PromoB-by-line">January 13, 2025 &bull; <span class="PromoB-publication">HSE Now</span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="ListE-items-item"> <div class="PromoB"data-content-type="article" data-image-align="right" data-image-size=> <div class="PromoB-content"> <div class="PromoB-media"> <a class="Link" aria-label="Geomechanical-Risk Screening for Producing Fields—A Key Contribution to Safety Standards" href="https://jpt.spe.org/geomechanical-risk-screening-for-producing-fields-a-key-contribution-to-safety-standards" data-cms-ai="0" > <img class="Image" alt="Gas Pipeline In Front Of The Oil Pump" width="365" height="204" data-src="https://assets.spe.org/dims4/default/4f6b913/2147483647/strip/true/crop/952x532+75+0/resize/365x204!/quality/90/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fspe-brightspot.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com%2Fef%2F76%2Fbfbf09884d77bc638f432a52bc55%2Fproduction.jpg" data-lazy-load="true" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="data-image-size="promoSearch" > </a> </div> <div class="PromoB-category"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/hse-sustainability" data-cms-ai="0" >HSE &amp; Sustainability</a> </div> <div class="PromoB-title"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/geomechanical-risk-screening-for-producing-fields-a-key-contribution-to-safety-standards" data-cms-ai="0" >Geomechanical-Risk Screening for Producing Fields—A Key Contribution to Safety Standards</a> </div> <div class="PromoB-description">This paper presents a method of geomechanical-risk screening and gives examples of its positive effect on the company’s safety standards through implementation of integrated solutions to prevent or mitigate the risks.</div> <div class="PromoB-footer"> <div class="PromoB-by-line">December 3, 2024 &bull; <span class="PromoB-publication">HSE Now</span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="ListE-items-item"> <div class="PromoB"data-content-type="article" data-image-align="right" data-image-size=> <div class="PromoB-content"> <div class="PromoB-media"> <a class="Link" aria-label="Ground Robots Bring Potential for Efficiency, Safety in FPSO Operations" href="https://jpt.spe.org/ground-robots-bring-potential-for-efficiency-safety-in-fpso-operations-restricted" data-cms-ai="0" > <img class="Image" alt="Aerial view of an FPSO oil production platform." width="365" height="204" data-src="https://assets.spe.org/dims4/default/0fd1829/2147483647/strip/true/crop/850x475+0+45/resize/365x204!/quality/90/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fspe-brightspot.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com%2F29%2F8f%2F4a87e01f4da6988716b324c263f3%2Fjpt-2024-12-pf32872-gi-2083493428.jpg" data-lazy-load="true" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="data-image-size="promoSearch" > </a> </div> <div class="PromoB-category"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/topsides-floating-production-systems" data-cms-ai="0" >Floating production systems</a> </div> <div class="PromoB-title"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/ground-robots-bring-potential-for-efficiency-safety-in-fpso-operations-restricted" data-cms-ai="0" >Ground Robots Bring Potential for Efficiency, Safety in FPSO Operations</a> </div> <div class="PromoB-description">This paper presents the operator’s learnings in evaluating the routine of a floating production, storage, and offloading asset crew to identify scenarios for the application of robotics in day-to-day offshore activities.</div> <div class="PromoB-footer"> <span class="PromoB-lock"> <svg><use xlink:href="#lock"></use></svg><span class="sr-only">Locked</span> </span> <div class="PromoB-by-line">December 1, 2024 &bull; <a href="http://www.spe.org/publications/subscribe.php" class="PromoB-publication" data-cms-ai="0">Journal of Petroleum Technology</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="ListE-items-item"> <div class="PromoB"data-content-type="article" data-image-align="right" data-image-size=> <div class="PromoB-content"> <div class="PromoB-media"> <a class="Link" aria-label="Guidelines Assist Selection of Corrosion-Resistant Alloys for CCS and CCUS Injection Wells" href="https://jpt.spe.org/guidelines-assist-selection-of-corrosion-resistant-alloys-for-ccs-and-ccus-injection-wells-restricted" data-cms-ai="0" > <img class="Image" alt="Drilling rig view with Top Drive, many pipes, sky bottom up view in sunny weather in Siberia" width="365" height="204" data-src="https://assets.spe.org/dims4/default/d71def0/2147483647/strip/true/crop/850x475+0+46/resize/365x204!/quality/90/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fspe-brightspot.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com%2F30%2Fd0%2Fbf099cff4ee392607b87bc9fe0af%2Fjpt-2024-12-pf217664-gi-505259670d.jpg" data-lazy-load="true" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="data-image-size="promoSearch" > </a> </div> <div class="PromoB-category"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/sustainability" data-cms-ai="0" >Sustainability</a> </div> <div class="PromoB-title"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/guidelines-assist-selection-of-corrosion-resistant-alloys-for-ccs-and-ccus-injection-wells-restricted" data-cms-ai="0" >Guidelines Assist Selection of Corrosion-Resistant Alloys for CCS and CCUS Injection Wells</a> </div> <div class="PromoB-description">This paper describes the development of guidelines to determine the most suitable corrosion-resistant alloys for downhole injection equipment in wells for carbon capture and storage and carbon capture, use, and storage.</div> <div class="PromoB-footer"> <span class="PromoB-lock"> <svg><use xlink:href="#lock"></use></svg><span class="sr-only">Locked</span> </span> <div class="PromoB-by-line">December 1, 2024 &bull; <a href="http://www.spe.org/publications/subscribe.php" class="PromoB-publication" data-cms-ai="0">Journal of Petroleum Technology</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> <div class="ListE-pagination"> <div class="ListE-previousPage" data-inactive><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></div> <div class="ListE-pageCounts">Page 1 of 64</div> <div class="ListE-nextPage" ><a href="?00000176-732a-d76b-af77-7f2fb0270000-page=2" rel="next" data-cms-ai="0"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg><span class="sr-only">Next</span></a></div> </div> </div> </ps-list-pagination> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> 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