CINXE.COM

Water management

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class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/water-management" data-cms-ai="0" >Water management</a> </div> <div class="PromoC-title"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/digitized-workflow-aids-water-management-for-hydraulic-fracturing" data-cms-ai="0" >Digitized Workflow Aids Water Management for Hydraulic Fracturing</a> </div> <div class="PromoC-description">A comprehensive, digitized water-management application has been designed to streamline and enhance the monitoring and management of water resources used in hydraulic fracturing.</div> <div class="PromoC-footer"> <div class="PromoC-by-line">November 14, 2024 &bull; Adam McConnell &bull; <span class="PromoC-publication">HSE Now</span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ListG-items-column"> <div class="ListG-items-item"> <div class="PromoB"data-content-type="article" data-image-align="top" data-image-size=> <div class="PromoB-content"> <div class="PromoB-media"> <a class="Link" aria-label="Mastering Produced-Water Management in Deepwater GOM: 25 Years of Insights" href="https://jpt.spe.org/mastering-produced-water-management-in-deepwater-gom-25-years-of-insights-part-1" data-cms-ai="0" > <img class="Image" alt="Offshore oil rig in a large body of water" width="320" height="180" data-src="https://assets.spe.org/dims4/default/5e1ad68/2147483647/strip/true/crop/2121x1193+0+110/resize/320x180!/quality/90/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fspe-brightspot.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com%2F47%2Fa3%2F731b08c94f05b0b03a5e6a738570%2Foffshore-water-management-gettyimages-168581340.jpg" data-lazy-load="true" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="data-image-size="promoMediumShort" > </a> </div> <div class="PromoB-category"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/water-management" data-cms-ai="0" >Water management</a> </div> <div class="PromoB-title"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/mastering-produced-water-management-in-deepwater-gom-25-years-of-insights-part-1" data-cms-ai="0" >Mastering Produced-Water Management in Deepwater GOM: 25 Years of Insights</a> </div> <div class="PromoB-description">This first of a two-part series provides guidelines for designing and operating advanced produced-water systems on offshore platforms, covering fluid characterization, chemical treatment, equipment, process configuration, operations, and effluent quality.</div> <div class="PromoB-footer"> <div class="PromoB-by-line">October 7, 2024 &bull; John M. Walsh &bull; <a href="http://www.spe.org/publications/subscribe.php" class="PromoB-publication" data-cms-ai="0">Oil and Gas Facilities</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ListG-items-item"> <div class="PromoB"data-content-type="article" data-image-align="top" data-image-size=> <div class="PromoB-content"> <div class="PromoB-media"> <a class="Link" aria-label="Integrated Technique Provides Effective Water Diagnostics in Tight Sand" href="https://jpt.spe.org/integrated-technique-provides-effective-water-diagnostics-in-tight-sand" data-cms-ai="0" > <img class="Image" alt="The E-probe measures water holdup." width="320" height="180" data-src="https://assets.spe.org/dims4/default/3c4e7bd/2147483647/strip/true/crop/850x478+0+44/resize/320x180!/quality/90/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fspe-brightspot.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com%2F39%2Fdc%2F56b1c5c54beea1468f79a2d44b38%2Fjpt-2024-07-utr3864145f1.jpg" data-lazy-load="true" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="data-image-size="promoMediumShort" > </a> </div> <div class="PromoB-category"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/unconventional-complex-reservoirs" data-cms-ai="0" >Unconventional/complex reservoirs</a> </div> <div class="PromoB-title"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/integrated-technique-provides-effective-water-diagnostics-in-tight-sand" data-cms-ai="0" >Integrated Technique Provides Effective Water Diagnostics in Tight Sand</a> </div> <div class="PromoB-description">This study describes a technique combining borehole acoustic reflection imaging with production logging in a horizontal well experiencing high water cut with the aim of enabling a mitigation plan.</div> <div class="PromoB-footer"> <span class="PromoB-lock"> <svg><use xlink:href="#lock"></use></svg><span class="sr-only">Locked</span> </span> <div class="PromoB-by-line">July 1, 2024 &bull; <a href="http://www.spe.org/publications/subscribe.php" class="PromoB-publication" data-cms-ai="0">Journal of Petroleum Technology</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="RichTextModule"> <div class="RichTextModule-items RichTextBody"><p><hr style="width:100%"></hr style="width:100%"></p></div> </div> <div class="OneColumnContainer"> <div class="OneColumnContainer-row"> <div class="OneColumnContainer-column"> <ps-list-pagination> <div class="ListE ListE-Pagination"> <div class="ListE-header" data-no-title> </div> <ul class="ListE-items"> <li class="ListE-items-item"> <div class="PromoB"data-content-type="article" data-image-align="right" data-image-size=> <div class="PromoB-content"> <div class="PromoB-media"> <a class="Link" aria-label="URTeC: Holistic Approach Needed To Handle Permian Basin’s Produced Water " href="https://jpt.spe.org/urtec-holistic-approach-needed-to-handle-permian-basins-produced-water" data-cms-ai="0" > <img class="Image" alt="URTeC-Permian-Future-Panel.JPG" width="365" height="204" data-src="https://assets.spe.org/dims4/default/f9eafa7/2147483647/strip/true/crop/923x516+0+0/resize/365x204!/quality/90/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fspe-brightspot.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com%2F12%2F5c%2F6d9bf40b4ed7bd18218874866f7f%2Furtec-permian-future-panel.JPG" data-lazy-load="true" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="data-image-size="promoSearch" > </a> </div> <div class="PromoB-category"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/water-management" data-cms-ai="0" >Water management</a> </div> <div class="PromoB-title"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/urtec-holistic-approach-needed-to-handle-permian-basins-produced-water" data-cms-ai="0" >URTeC: Holistic Approach Needed To Handle Permian Basin’s Produced Water </a> </div> <div class="PromoB-description">The Permian’s produced-water challenge presents an opportunity for innovation to pave the way toward a more sustainable future for the industry.</div> <div class="PromoB-footer"> <div class="PromoB-by-line">June 21, 2024 &bull; Jennifer Pallanich &bull; <a href="http://www.spe.org/publications/subscribe.php" class="PromoB-publication" data-cms-ai="0">Journal of Petroleum Technology</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="ListE-items-item"> <div class="PromoB"data-content-type="article" data-image-align="right" data-image-size=> <div class="PromoB-content"> <div class="PromoB-media"> <a class="Link" aria-label="Study Explores Effect of Solids on Topside Operations in an EOR Context" href="https://jpt.spe.org/study-explores-effect-of-solids-on-topside-operations-in-an-eor-context-v1" data-cms-ai="0" > <img class="Image" alt="Presence of solid particles at the O/W interface in a test involving sand and clay." width="365" height="204" data-src="https://assets.spe.org/dims4/default/e0cd418/2147483647/strip/true/crop/850x475+0+45/resize/365x204!/quality/90/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fspe-brightspot.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com%2Fff%2F32%2F2dc63e964237bbc1bda656991790%2Fjpt-2024-06-eoro216848.jpg" data-lazy-load="true" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="data-image-size="promoSearch" > </a> </div> <div class="PromoB-category"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/enhanced-recovery" data-cms-ai="0" >Enhanced recovery</a> </div> <div class="PromoB-title"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/study-explores-effect-of-solids-on-topside-operations-in-an-eor-context-v1" data-cms-ai="0" >Study Explores Effect of Solids on Topside Operations in an EOR Context</a> </div> <div class="PromoB-description">The authors of this paper study the effect of solids particles on oil/water separators and on produced-water treatment.</div> <div class="PromoB-footer"> <span class="PromoB-lock"> <svg><use xlink:href="#lock"></use></svg><span class="sr-only">Locked</span> </span> <div class="PromoB-by-line">June 1, 2024 &bull; <a href="http://www.spe.org/publications/subscribe.php" class="PromoB-publication" data-cms-ai="0">Journal of Petroleum Technology</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="ListE-items-item"> <div class="PromoB"data-content-type="article" data-image-align="right" data-image-size=> <div class="PromoB-content"> <div class="PromoB-media"> <a class="Link" aria-label="Liquid Goldmine: Unlocking the Critical Mineral Potential of Produced Water Using Carbon Dioxide" href="https://jpt.spe.org/liquid-goldmine-unlocking-the-critical-mineral-potential-of-produced-water-using-carbon-dioxide" data-cms-ai="0" > <img class="Image" alt="ihs-water-hero.jpg" width="365" height="204" data-src="https://assets.spe.org/dims4/default/72f6eaf/2147483647/strip/true/crop/1024x572+0+64/resize/365x204!/quality/90/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fspe-brightspot.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com%2F0d%2F4f%2Fa486439be114fc0140199888efd8%2Fihs-water-hero.jpg" data-lazy-load="true" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="data-image-size="promoSearch" > </a> </div> <div class="PromoB-category"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/water-management" data-cms-ai="0" >Water management</a> </div> <div class="PromoB-title"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/liquid-goldmine-unlocking-the-critical-mineral-potential-of-produced-water-using-carbon-dioxide" data-cms-ai="0" >Liquid Goldmine: Unlocking the Critical Mineral Potential of Produced Water Using Carbon Dioxide</a> </div> <div class="PromoB-description">Researchers at Texas A&amp;M University have developed a method of refining &quot;liquid gold&quot; for valuable critical minerals using what many consider traditional waste products: produced water and carbon dioxide.</div> <div class="PromoB-footer"> <div class="PromoB-by-line">January 1, 2024 &bull; Jennifer Presley &bull; <a href="http://www.spe.org/publications/subscribe.php" class="PromoB-publication" data-cms-ai="0">Journal of Petroleum Technology</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="ListE-items-item"> <div class="PromoB"data-content-type="article" data-image-align="right" data-image-size=> <div class="PromoB-content"> <div class="PromoB-media"> <a class="Link" aria-label="Water Management-2023" href="https://jpt.spe.org/water-management-2023" data-cms-ai="0" > <img class="Image" alt="JPT_2023-12_WMFocus.jpg" width="365" height="204" data-src="https://assets.spe.org/dims4/default/eb2cc0d/2147483647/strip/true/crop/850x475+0+81/resize/365x204!/quality/90/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fspe-brightspot.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com%2F2e%2Ff0%2F85e9a14c421eac4345f92c6ef2a5%2Fjpt-2023-12-wmfocus.jpg" data-lazy-load="true" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="data-image-size="promoSearch" > </a> </div> <div class="PromoB-category"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/water-management" data-cms-ai="0" >Water management</a> </div> <div class="PromoB-title"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/water-management-2023" data-cms-ai="0" >Water Management-2023</a> </div> <div class="PromoB-description">Industrialization typically carries the blame for causing the water crisis across the continents, but it also creates and shepherds the innovation and introduction of a plethora of technologies and tools that enable intelligent use of water, intuitive approaches to conserve it, and implementable practices that preserve the watershed and prolong the life of aquifers.</div> <div class="PromoB-footer"> <div class="PromoB-by-line">December 1, 2023 &bull; Swamy Margan &bull; <a href="http://www.spe.org/publications/subscribe.php" class="PromoB-publication" data-cms-ai="0">Journal of Petroleum Technology</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="ListE-items-item"> <div class="PromoB"data-content-type="article" data-image-align="right" data-image-size=> <div class="PromoB-content"> <div class="PromoB-media"> <a class="Link" aria-label="Produced-Water Desalination Approach Uses Renewable Thermal Energy" href="https://jpt.spe.org/produced-water-desalination-approach-uses-renewable-thermal-energy" data-cms-ai="0" > <img class="Image" alt="Simulated monthly thermal energy output for the proposed pilot plant (MWh) over the last 5 years." width="365" height="204" data-src="https://assets.spe.org/dims4/default/93a8106/2147483647/strip/true/crop/850x475+0+45/resize/365x204!/quality/90/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fspe-brightspot.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com%2F30%2F23%2F96573bcb47be99769c00f8f8af95%2Fjpt-2023-12-wm211175.jpg" data-lazy-load="true" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="data-image-size="promoSearch" > </a> </div> <div class="PromoB-category"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/water-management" data-cms-ai="0" >Water management</a> </div> <div class="PromoB-title"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/produced-water-desalination-approach-uses-renewable-thermal-energy" data-cms-ai="0" >Produced-Water Desalination Approach Uses Renewable Thermal Energy</a> </div> <div class="PromoB-description">This paper describes a method to manage high-salinity produced water in an environmentally sustainable way by extracting potable water and reducing discharge water volume by at least 50%.</div> <div class="PromoB-footer"> <span class="PromoB-lock"> <svg><use xlink:href="#lock"></use></svg><span class="sr-only">Locked</span> </span> <div class="PromoB-by-line">December 1, 2023 &bull; <a href="http://www.spe.org/publications/subscribe.php" class="PromoB-publication" data-cms-ai="0">Journal of Petroleum Technology</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="ListE-items-item"> <div class="PromoB"data-content-type="article" data-image-align="right" data-image-size=> <div class="PromoB-content"> <div class="PromoB-media"> <a class="Link" aria-label="Emulsion System With Nanoparticles Suitable for High-Temperature, High‑Salinity Reservoirs " href="https://jpt.spe.org/emulsion-system-with-nanoparticles-suitable-for-high-temperature-high-salinity-reservoirs" data-cms-ai="0" > <img class="Image" alt="Schematic mechanism of ESN reversibility for blocking and unblocking. (a) ESN injection operation; (b) flowback operation." width="365" height="204" data-src="https://assets.spe.org/dims4/default/4f0e8b4/2147483647/strip/true/crop/850x475+0+46/resize/365x204!/quality/90/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fspe-brightspot.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com%2F9c%2F02%2Fd80e485c4227903aadfc8a780206%2Fjpt-2023-12-wm211167.jpg" data-lazy-load="true" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="data-image-size="promoSearch" > </a> </div> <div class="PromoB-category"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/water-management" data-cms-ai="0" >Water management</a> </div> <div class="PromoB-title"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/emulsion-system-with-nanoparticles-suitable-for-high-temperature-high-salinity-reservoirs" data-cms-ai="0" >Emulsion System With Nanoparticles Suitable for High-Temperature, High‑Salinity Reservoirs </a> </div> <div class="PromoB-description">This paper presents the evaluation results of a water-shutoff agent based on an emulsion-type chemical material with nanoparticles.</div> <div class="PromoB-footer"> <span class="PromoB-lock"> <svg><use xlink:href="#lock"></use></svg><span class="sr-only">Locked</span> </span> <div class="PromoB-by-line">December 1, 2023 &bull; <a href="http://www.spe.org/publications/subscribe.php" class="PromoB-publication" data-cms-ai="0">Journal of Petroleum Technology</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="ListE-items-item"> <div class="PromoB"data-content-type="article" data-image-align="right" data-image-size=> <div class="PromoB-content"> <div class="PromoB-media"> <a class="Link" aria-label="Nanomembrane Approach Reuses Waste, Cleans Produced Water" href="https://jpt.spe.org/nanomembrane-approach-reuses-waste-cleans-produced-water" data-cms-ai="0" > <img class="Image" alt="Schematic representation of water/oil separation by nanomembrane." width="365" height="204" data-src="https://assets.spe.org/dims4/default/7f2891e/2147483647/strip/true/crop/850x475+0+45/resize/365x204!/quality/90/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fspe-brightspot.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com%2F4d%2F78%2F6562ac29463c9092b32239b7bdf6%2Fjpt-2023-12-wm213946.jpg" data-lazy-load="true" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="data-image-size="promoSearch" > </a> </div> <div class="PromoB-category"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/water-management" data-cms-ai="0" >Water management</a> </div> <div class="PromoB-title"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/nanomembrane-approach-reuses-waste-cleans-produced-water" data-cms-ai="0" >Nanomembrane Approach Reuses Waste, Cleans Produced Water</a> </div> <div class="PromoB-description">The authors of this paper discuss the use of dissolved polystyrene waste for the preparation of nanomembranes for separation of hydrocarbon pollutants from wastewater streams.</div> <div class="PromoB-footer"> <span class="PromoB-lock"> <svg><use xlink:href="#lock"></use></svg><span class="sr-only">Locked</span> </span> <div class="PromoB-by-line">December 1, 2023 &bull; <a href="http://www.spe.org/publications/subscribe.php" class="PromoB-publication" data-cms-ai="0">Journal of Petroleum Technology</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="ListE-items-item"> <div class="PromoB"data-content-type="article" data-image-align="right" data-image-size=> <div class="PromoB-content"> <div class="PromoB-media"> <a class="Link" aria-label="Sustainable Treatment of Waste Water Generated by Oil and Gas Drilling Rig Camps " href="https://jpt.spe.org/sustainable-treatment-of-waste-water-generated-by-oil-and-gas-drilling-rig-camps" data-cms-ai="0" > <img class="Image" alt="wastewater.jpg" width="365" height="204" data-src="https://assets.spe.org/dims4/default/ec2b218/2147483647/strip/true/crop/515x288+0+0/resize/365x204!/quality/90/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fspe-brightspot.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com%2F26%2F39%2F4f2789234a5e92b0875e34155b08%2Fwastewater.jpg" data-lazy-load="true" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="data-image-size="promoSearch" > </a> </div> <div class="PromoB-category"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/environment" data-cms-ai="0" >Environment</a> </div> <div class="PromoB-title"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/sustainable-treatment-of-waste-water-generated-by-oil-and-gas-drilling-rig-camps" data-cms-ai="0" >Sustainable Treatment of Waste Water Generated by Oil and Gas Drilling Rig Camps </a> </div> <div class="PromoB-description">Nature-based solutions, such as constructed wetlands, have gained increasing interest over the past decade as a sustainable option for wastewater treatment in the domestic, industrial, and oil and gas sectors, with a growing number of examples now existing throughout the UAE, Oman, and other oil-producing regions.</div> <div class="PromoB-footer"> <div class="PromoB-by-line">November 16, 2023 &bull; <span class="PromoB-publication">HSE Now</span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="ListE-items-item"> <div class="PromoB"data-content-type="article" data-image-align="right" data-image-size=> <div class="PromoB-content"> <div class="PromoB-media"> <a class="Link" aria-label="The Growing Pressures of Produced Water Disposal " href="https://jpt.spe.org/the-growing-pressures-of-produced-water-disposal" data-cms-ai="0" > <img class="Image" alt="Fracking Drilling Rig Evening Shot under dramatic Sky in West Texas with Settling Ponds on the Prairie" width="365" height="204" data-src="https://assets.spe.org/dims4/default/814d6e5/2147483647/strip/true/crop/848x474+185+0/resize/365x204!/quality/90/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fspe-brightspot.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com%2F18%2F96%2F19269fb94ead9e14651ed58b1a2c%2Fpressure-hero.jpg" data-lazy-load="true" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="data-image-size="promoSearch" > </a> </div> <div class="PromoB-category"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/water-management" data-cms-ai="0" >Water management</a> </div> <div class="PromoB-title"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/the-growing-pressures-of-produced-water-disposal" data-cms-ai="0" >The Growing Pressures of Produced Water Disposal </a> </div> <div class="PromoB-description">Permian Basin oil wells produce a lot of water. Much of it is injected into disposal zones above and below the basin’s primary oil- and gas-producing zone. When water is injected into these disposal zones, the pressure increases, mainly because no fluid is concurrently removed. Is this increase in pressure a concern? The data would suggest yes.</div> <div class="PromoB-footer"> <div class="PromoB-by-line">November 14, 2023 &bull; Rob Bruant &bull; <span class="PromoB-publication">HSE Now</span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="ListE-items-item"> <div class="PromoB"data-content-type="article" data-image-align="right" data-image-size=> <div class="PromoB-content"> <div class="PromoB-media"> <a class="Link" aria-label="Is Produced Water Really Water?" href="https://jpt.spe.org/is-produced-water-really-water" data-cms-ai="0" > <img class="Image" alt="oil or gas transportation with blue gas or pipe line valves" width="365" height="204" data-src="https://assets.spe.org/dims4/default/e8ebe41/2147483647/strip/true/crop/850x475+0+45/resize/365x204!/quality/90/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fspe-brightspot.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com%2F55%2F08%2Fbaf6e1e842c08a0cbbf19809d6a8%2Fjpt-2023-10-produced-gi-1312405670.jpg" data-lazy-load="true" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw=="data-image-size="promoSearch" > </a> </div> <div class="PromoB-category"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/topic/water-management" data-cms-ai="0" >Water management</a> </div> <div class="PromoB-title"> <a class="Link" href="https://jpt.spe.org/is-produced-water-really-water" data-cms-ai="0" >Is Produced Water Really Water?</a> </div> <div class="PromoB-description">Produced water is a brew of salt, chemicals, and minerals that oil companies have always had to deal with. Landowners had no problem with that arrangement until they could see ways to make some money from it.</div> <div class="PromoB-footer"> <span class="PromoB-lock"> <svg><use xlink:href="#lock"></use></svg><span class="sr-only">Locked</span> </span> <div class="PromoB-by-line">October 1, 2023 &bull; Stephen Rassenfoss &bull; <a href="http://www.spe.org/publications/subscribe.php" class="PromoB-publication" data-cms-ai="0">Journal of Petroleum Technology</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> <div class="ListE-pagination"> <div class="ListE-previousPage" data-inactive><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg></div> <div class="ListE-pageCounts">Page 1 of 27</div> <div class="ListE-nextPage" ><a href="?00000176-732a-d76b-af77-7f2fb0270000-page=2" rel="next" data-cms-ai="0"><svg class="chevron"><use xlink:href="#chevron"></use></svg><span class="sr-only">Next</span></a></div> </div> </div> </ps-list-pagination> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div 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