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gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Map_gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liquidation_scandal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liquidation_scandal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Liquidation scandal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liquidation_scandal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Coins</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">French East India Company</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 43 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-43" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">43 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franse_Oos-Indiese_Kompanjie" title="Franse Oos-Indiese Kompanjie – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Franse Oos-Indiese Kompanjie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="شركة الهند الشرقية الفرنسية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شركة الهند الشرقية الفرنسية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ost-Hind_%C5%9Firk%C9%99ti_(Fransa)" title="Ost-Hind şirkəti (Fransa) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ost-Hind şirkəti (Fransa)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F_%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF" title="ফরাসি ইস্ট ইন্ডিয়া কোম্পানি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ফরাসি ইস্ট ইন্ডিয়া কোম্পানি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Companyia_Francesa_de_les_%C3%8Dndies_Orientals" title="Companyia Francesa de les Índies Orientals – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Companyia Francesa de les Índies Orientals" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francouzsk%C3%A1_V%C3%BDchodoindick%C3%A1_spole%C4%8Dnost" title="Francouzská Východoindická společnost – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Francouzská Východoindická společnost" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det_franske_ostindiske_kompagni" title="Det franske ostindiske kompagni – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Det franske ostindiske kompagni" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz%C3%B6sische_Ostindienkompanie" title="Französische Ostindienkompanie – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Französische Ostindienkompanie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prantsuse_Ida-India_Kompanii" title="Prantsuse Ida-India Kompanii – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Prantsuse Ida-India Kompanii" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compa%C3%B1%C3%ADa_Francesa_de_las_Indias_Orientales" title="Compañía Francesa de las Indias Orientales – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Compañía Francesa de las Indias Orientales" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franca_Kompanio_de_Orientaj_Hindioj" title="Franca Kompanio de Orientaj Hindioj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Franca Kompanio de Orientaj Hindioj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekialdeko_Indietako_Frantziar_Konpainia" title="Ekialdeko Indietako Frantziar Konpainia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ekialdeko Indietako Frantziar Konpainia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%85%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82%DB%8C_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%87" title="کمپانی هند شرقی فرانسه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کمپانی هند شرقی فرانسه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compagnie_fran%C3%A7aise_des_Indes_orientales" title="Compagnie française des Indes orientales – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Compagnie française des Indes orientales" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%A2nske_Eastyndyske_Kompanjy" title="Frânske Eastyndyske Kompanjy – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Frânske Eastyndyske Kompanjy" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%9E%91%EC%8A%A4_%EB%8F%99%EC%9D%B8%EB%8F%84_%ED%9A%8C%EC%82%AC" title="프랑스 동인도 회사 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="프랑스 동인도 회사" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="फ्रांसीसी ईस्ट इंडिया कंपनी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="फ्रांसीसी ईस्ट इंडिया कंपनी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perusahaan_Hindia_Timur_Prancis" title="Perusahaan Hindia Timur Prancis – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Perusahaan Hindia Timur Prancis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compagnia_francese_delle_Indie_orientali" title="Compagnia francese delle Indie orientali – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Compagnia francese delle Indie orientali" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%95%D7%93%D7%95_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%97%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A6%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%AA" title="חברת הודו המזרחית הצרפתית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חברת הודו המזרחית הצרפתית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francia_Kelet-indiai_T%C3%A1rsas%C3%A1g" title="Francia Kelet-indiai Társaság – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Francia Kelet-indiai Társaság" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compagnie_fran%C3%A7aise_des_Indes_orientales" title="Compagnie française des Indes orientales – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Compagnie française des Indes orientales" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9A_%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="फ्रेंच ईस्ट इंडिया कंपनी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="फ्रेंच ईस्ट इंडिया कंपनी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franse_Oost-Indische_Compagnie" title="Franse Oost-Indische Compagnie – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Franse Oost-Indische Compagnie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="फ्रान्सेली इस्ट इन्डिया कम्पनी – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="फ्रान्सेली इस्ट इन्डिया कम्पनी" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9%E6%9D%B1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E4%BC%9A%E7%A4%BE" title="フランス東インド会社 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フランス東インド会社" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det_franske_ostindiske_kompani" title="Det franske ostindiske kompani – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Det franske ostindiske kompani" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det_franske_austindiske_kompaniet" title="Det franske austindiske kompaniet – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Det franske austindiske kompaniet" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francuska_Kompania_Wschodnioindyjska" title="Francuska Kompania Wschodnioindyjska – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Francuska Kompania Wschodnioindyjska" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Companhia_Francesa_das_%C3%8Dndias_Orientais" title="Companhia Francesa das Índias Orientais – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Companhia Francesa das Índias Orientais" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%82-%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Французская Ост-Индская компания – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Французская Ост-Индская компания" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franc%C3%BAzska_v%C3%BDchodoindick%C3%A1_spolo%C4%8Dnos%C5%A5" title="Francúzska východoindická spoločnosť – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Francúzska východoindická spoločnosť" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Француска источноиндијска компанија – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Француска источноиндијска компанија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francuska_isto%C4%8Dnoindijska_kompanija" title="Francuska istočnoindijska kompanija – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Francuska istočnoindijska kompanija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranskan_It%C3%A4-Intian_kauppakomppania" title="Ranskan Itä-Intian kauppakomppania – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ranskan Itä-Intian kauppakomppania" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franska_ostindiska_kompaniet" title="Franska ostindiska kompaniet – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Franska ostindiska kompaniet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%9E%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF" title="பிரெஞ்சுக் கிழக்கிந்தியக் கம்பனி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பிரெஞ்சுக் கிழக்கிந்தியக் கம்பனி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9D%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%AA" title="บริษัทอินเดียตะวันออกของฝรั่งเศส – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="บริษัทอินเดียตะวันออกของฝรั่งเศส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compagnie_des_Indes_Orientales" title="Compagnie des Indes Orientales – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Compagnie des Indes Orientales" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%82-%D0%86%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Французька Ост-Індійська компанія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Французька Ост-Індійська компанія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%B9_%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%88%DB%8C%D8%A7_%DA%A9%D9%85%D9%BE%D9%86%DB%8C" title="فرانسیسی ایسٹ انڈیا کمپنی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="فرانسیسی ایسٹ انڈیا کمپنی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B4ng_ty_%C4%90%C3%B4ng_%E1%BA%A4n_Ph%C3%A1p" title="Công ty Đông Ấn Pháp – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Công ty Đông Ấn Pháp" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E4%B8%9C%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" title="法国东印度公司 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="法国东印度公司" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q213663#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">French trading company (1664–1794)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_language plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice skin-invert-image" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" 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.hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="font-size:100%; padding: 0px;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center; padding-right: 3em; font-weight: normal; text-align: left">You can help <b>expand this article with text translated from <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compagnie_fran%C3%A7aise_des_Indes_orientales" class="extiw" title="fr:Compagnie française des Indes orientales">the corresponding article</a> in French</b>.  <i><small>(March 2016)</small></i> <small>Click [show] for important translation instructions.</small></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li>Machine translation, like <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deepl.com">DeepL</a> or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/">Google Translate</a>, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia.</li> <li>Consider <b><a href="/wiki/Template:Expand_French#Topics_and_categorization" title="Template:Expand French">adding a topic</a></b> to this template: there are already 1,880 articles in the <a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_translation_from_French_Wikipedia" title="Category:Articles needing translation from French Wikipedia">main category</a>, and specifying<code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|topic=</code> will aid in categorization.</li> <li>Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. 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A model attribution edit summary is <code>Content in this edit is translated from the existing French Wikipedia article at [[:fr:Compagnie française des Indes orientales]]; see its history for attribution.</code></li> <li>You may also add the template <code>{{Translated|fr|Compagnie française des Indes orientales}}</code> to the <a href="/wiki/Talk:French_East_India_Company" title="Talk:French East India Company">talk page</a>.</li> <li>For more guidance, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Translation" title="Wikipedia:Translation">Wikipedia:Translation</a>.</li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242257876">.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-label{padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-below{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-locality,.mw-parser-output .ib-company-country{display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org" style="font-size: 125%;">French East India Company</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Drapeau_du_r%C3%A9giment_de_la_Compagnie_des_Indes_en_1756.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Drapeau_du_r%C3%A9giment_de_la_Compagnie_des_Indes_en_1756.png/150px-Drapeau_du_r%C3%A9giment_de_la_Compagnie_des_Indes_en_1756.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Drapeau_du_r%C3%A9giment_de_la_Compagnie_des_Indes_en_1756.png/225px-Drapeau_du_r%C3%A9giment_de_la_Compagnie_des_Indes_en_1756.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Drapeau_du_r%C3%A9giment_de_la_Compagnie_des_Indes_en_1756.png/300px-Drapeau_du_r%C3%A9giment_de_la_Compagnie_des_Indes_en_1756.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Company flag</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Armoiries_de_la_Compagnie_des_Indes_Orientales.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Armoiries_de_la_Compagnie_des_Indes_Orientales.jpg/220px-Armoiries_de_la_Compagnie_des_Indes_Orientales.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Armoiries_de_la_Compagnie_des_Indes_Orientales.jpg/330px-Armoiries_de_la_Compagnie_des_Indes_Orientales.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Armoiries_de_la_Compagnie_des_Indes_Orientales.jpg/440px-Armoiries_de_la_Compagnie_des_Indes_Orientales.jpg 2x" data-file-width="459" data-file-height="455" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Coat of arms <br /> <br /><b>Motto</b>: <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Florebo_quocumque_ferar" title="Florebo quocumque ferar">Florebo quocumque ferar</a></i></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> for "I will flourish wherever I will be brought"</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Native name</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Compagnie française pour le commerce des Indes orientales</i></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Public_company" title="Public company">Public</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/State-owned_enterprise" title="State-owned enterprise">State-owned enterprise</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Trade" title="Trade">Trade</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1 September 1664</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Colbert" title="Jean-Baptiste Colbert">Jean-Baptiste Colbert</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Defunct</th><td class="infobox-data">1794 <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213663?uselang=en#P576" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fate</th><td class="infobox-data">Dissolved and activities absorbed by the French Crown in 1769; reconstituted 1785, bankrupt 1794</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Lorient" title="Lorient">Lorient</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <style 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.sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Colonial_India" title="Colonial India">Colonial India</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:India,_by_British_Information_Services,_1944_restored_version.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Colonial India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/India%2C_by_British_Information_Services%2C_1944_restored_version.jpg/250px-India%2C_by_British_Information_Services%2C_1944_restored_version.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="375" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/India%2C_by_British_Information_Services%2C_1944_restored_version.jpg/375px-India%2C_by_British_Information_Services%2C_1944_restored_version.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/India%2C_by_British_Information_Services%2C_1944_restored_version.jpg/500px-India%2C_by_British_Information_Services%2C_1944_restored_version.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5839" data-file-height="8748" /></a></span><div class="sidebar-caption">Map of colonial <i>India</i>, distributed by the <a href="/wiki/British_Information_Services" title="British Information Services">British Information Services</a> (1942)</div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="border-top:1px #aaa solid; border-bottom:1px #aaa solid;"> <table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:85%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Austrian_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Austrian India">Austrian India</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;"> 1778–1785</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:85%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Swedish_East_India_Company" title="Swedish East India Company">Swedish India</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;"> 1731–1813</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:85%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Dutch_India" title="Dutch India">Dutch India</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;"> 1605–1825</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:85%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Danish_India" title="Danish India">Danish India</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;"> 1620–1869</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:85%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/French_India" title="French India">French India</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;"> 1668–1954</td></tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_India" title="Portuguese India">Portuguese India</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="nobold">(1505–1961)</span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="border-top:1px #aaa solid; border-bottom:1px #aaa solid;"> <table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:85%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Casa_da_%C3%8Dndia" title="Casa da Índia">Casa da Índia</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;"> 1434–1833</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:85%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_East_India_Company" title="Portuguese East India Company">Portuguese East India Company</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;"> 1628–1633</td></tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Presidencies_and_provinces_of_British_India" title="Presidencies and provinces of British India">British India</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="nobold">(1600–1947)</span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="border-top:1px #aaa solid; border-bottom:1px #aaa solid;"> <table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:85%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">EIC in India</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;"> 1600–1757</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:85%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Company_rule_in_India" title="Company rule in India">Company rule in India</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;"> 1757–1858</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:85%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/British_rule_in_Portuguese_India" title="British rule in Portuguese India">British rule in Portuguese India</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;"> 1797–1813</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:85%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj in India</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;"> 1858–1947</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:85%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/British_rule_in_Burma" title="British rule in Burma">British rule in Burma</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;"> 1824–1948</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:85%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Princely_state" title="Princely state">Princely states</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;"> 1721–1949</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:85%;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">Partition of India</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;"> 1947</td></tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Colonial_India" title="Template:Colonial India"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Colonial_India" title="Template talk:Colonial India"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Colonial_India" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Colonial India"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>French East India Company</b> (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">Compagnie française pour le commerce des Indes orientales</i>) was a <a href="/wiki/Joint-stock_company" title="Joint-stock company">joint-stock company</a> founded in <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">France</a> on 1 September <a href="/wiki/1664" title="1664">1664</a> to engage in trade in India and other Asian lands. It competed with the <a href="/wiki/English_East_India_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="English East India Company">English</a> (later British) and <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_India_Company" title="Dutch East India Company">Dutch</a> trading companies in the <a href="/wiki/East_Indies" title="East Indies">East Indies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMole201624_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMole201624-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Planned by <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Colbert" title="Jean-Baptiste Colbert">Jean-Baptiste Colbert</a>, it was chartered by King <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XIV of France">Louis XIV</a> for the purpose of trading in the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Hemisphere" title="Eastern Hemisphere">Eastern Hemisphere</a>. It resulted from the fusion of three earlier companies, the <a href="/wiki/1660" title="1660">1660</a> <a href="/wiki/Compagnie_de_Chine" title="Compagnie de Chine">Compagnie de Chine</a>, the Compagnie d'Orient and Compagnie de Madagascar. The first Director General for the Company was <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_de_la_Faye&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="François de la Faye (page does not exist)">François de la Faye</a>, who was adjoined by two Directors belonging to the two most successful trading organizations at that time: <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Caron" title="François Caron">François Caron</a>, who had spent 30 years working for the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_India_Company" title="Dutch East India Company">Dutch East India Company</a>, including more than 20 years in <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Marcara_Avanchintz" title="Marcara Avanchintz">Marcara Avanchintz</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Armenians" title="Armenians">Armenian</a> trader from <a href="/wiki/Isfahan" title="Isfahan">Isfahan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Persia">Persia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcCabe2008104_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcCabe2008104-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_East_India_Company&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1604, King <a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_France" title="Henry IV of France">Henry IV of France</a> authorized the establishment of the <i>Compagnie des Indes Orientales</i> (<i>East India Company</i>), granting the new firm a 15-year monopoly on French trade with the <a href="/wiki/East_Indies" title="East Indies">East Indies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-booneshares.com_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-booneshares.com-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This company was a precursor to a firm of the same name founded <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Colbert" title="Jean-Baptiste Colbert">Jean-Baptiste Colbert</a>, though the first business was not a <a href="/wiki/Joint-stock_company" title="Joint-stock company">joint-stock company</a>, and was funded by the French Crown. The seventeenth century saw several French efforts to trade with the East Indies. They were influenced by the successful business ventures of the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_India_Company" title="Dutch East India Company">Dutch East India Company</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMole201627_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMole201627-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between the 1630s and early 1660s, French efforts were smaller in scale, but they enjoyed some success. French <a href="/wiki/Merchant_ship" title="Merchant ship">merchant ships</a> traversed the <a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf" title="Persian Gulf">Persian Gulf</a>, Red Sea, and the northwestern coast of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMole201628_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMole201628-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These accomplishments paled France in comparison with <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">England</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic">Dutch Republic</a>. France's Atlantic ports pursued to compete and amalgamate with each other. The commercial and capital expertise was disbursed around the coastal regions of <a href="/wiki/Brittany" title="Brittany">Brittany</a> and <a href="/wiki/Normandy" title="Normandy">Normandy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMole201628_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMole201628-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like other nationally-chartered trading companies of the time, the Company was based on a <a href="/wiki/Mercantilist" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercantilist">mercantilist</a> model of trade, and complemented a <a href="/wiki/Colonialist" class="mw-redirect" title="Colonialist">colonialist</a> foreign policy. </p><p>The initial capital of the revamped <i>Compagnie des Indes Orientales</i> was 15 million livres, divided into shares of 1000 livres apiece. <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XIV of France">Louis XIV</a> funded the first 3 million livres of investment, against which losses in the first 10 years were to be charged.<sup id="cite_ref-booneshares.com_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-booneshares.com-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The initial stock offering quickly sold out, as courtiers of Louis XIV recognized that it was in their interests to support the King's overseas initiative. The <i>Compagnie des Indes Orientales</i> was granted a 50-year monopoly on French trade in the Indian and Pacific Oceans, a region stretching from the <a href="/wiki/Cape_of_Good_Hope" title="Cape of Good Hope">Cape of Good Hope</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Strait_of_Magellan" title="Strait of Magellan">Straits of Magellan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-booneshares.com_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-booneshares.com-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The French monarch also granted the company a concession in perpetuity for the island of Madagascar, as well as any other territories it could conquer. The company possessed greater resources and better political banking than France's previous ventures in the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a>. Colbert's obsession with <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_India_Company" title="Dutch East India Company">VOC</a> led to series of early letdowns. One of France's main aims was to establish a French entrepôt in Madagascar to rival the Dutch colony of Batavia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMole201634–35_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMole201634–35-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the 1680s, the company went insolvent and they had little choice but to rent out its monopoly to a group of merchants.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMole201614_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMole201614-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Indian trade remained under the company for approximately thirty years. In 1716, Scottish financier <a href="/wiki/John_Law_(economist)" title="John Law (economist)">John Law</a> arrived at the French royal court. The French court were in deep misery and were impotent to cover their debts caused due to <a href="/wiki/War_of_Spanish_Succession" class="mw-redirect" title="War of Spanish Succession">War of Spanish Succession</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMole201614_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMole201614-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Law approached the Crown with a scheme to construct a national bank and introduce paper currency, which would facilitate France's shift to credit economy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMole201614_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMole201614-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company failed to found a successful <a href="/wiki/Colony" title="Colony">colony</a> on <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a>, but was able to establish ports on the nearby islands of Bourbon and Île-de-France (today's <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a>). By 1719, it had established itself in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, but the firm was near <a href="/wiki/Bankruptcy" title="Bankruptcy">bankruptcy</a>. In the same year the <i>Compagnie des Indes Orientales</i> was merged under Law's direction with other French trading companies to form the <i><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Company" title="Mississippi Company">Compagnie Perpétuelle des Indes</a></i>. This merger resulted in the company being involved in <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade" title="Atlantic slave trade">importing slaves</a> to <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_(New_France)" title="Louisiana (New France)">Louisiana</a>, as the colony operated on a <a href="/wiki/Plantation_economy" title="Plantation economy">plantation economy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKleen201741_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKleen201741-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The French economy crashed drastically in 1721 due to Law's reforms. Following this event, the company again started trading and settling in India.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMole201614–15_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMole201614–15-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The reorganized corporation resumed its operating independence in 1723. </p><p>The company's interest in the <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Empire</a> was to prove no easier. The French arrived at the Indian subcontinent decades after the English, <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire">Portuguese</a> and Dutch in establishing trade in India. On 4 September 1666, the French secured a royal mandate from Emperor <a href="/wiki/Aurangzeb" title="Aurangzeb">Aurangzeb</a> that granted them to trade on the port of <a href="/wiki/Surat" title="Surat">Surat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMole201635_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMole201635-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1683, the French had directed their attention toward the prominent site of Pondicherry, however the shift did little to offset the company's chronic shortage of capital.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMole201636_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMole201636-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1738, the company owned 1,432 slaves, 630 of whom resided in the French colony of <a href="/wiki/Isle_de_France_(Mauritius)" title="Isle de France (Mauritius)">Isle de France</a>. Many slaves in the colony were imported by the company from the <a href="/wiki/West_Africa" title="West Africa">West African</a> region of <a href="/wiki/Senegambia" title="Senegambia">Senegambia</a>; these included <i>laptots</i>, African slaves who forcibly served onboard the company's ships.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDanleySpeelman2012_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDanleySpeelman2012-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the decline of the Mughal Empire, the French decided to intervene in Indian political affairs to protect their interests, notably by forging alliances with local rulers in south India. From 1741 the French under <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Fran%C3%A7ois_Dupleix" title="Joseph François Dupleix">Joseph François Dupleix</a> pursued an aggressive policy against both the Indians and the British until they ultimately were defeated by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Clive" title="Robert Clive">Robert Clive</a>. Several Indian trading ports, including <a href="/wiki/Pondicherry_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Pondicherry district">Pondichéry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chandernagore" class="mw-redirect" title="Chandernagore">Chandernagore</a>, remained under French control until 1954. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:French_East_Indies_Cannon_de_4_bronze_1755_Douai_84mm_237cm_545kg_iron_ball_2kg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/French_East_Indies_Cannon_de_4_bronze_1755_Douai_84mm_237cm_545kg_iron_ball_2kg.jpg/220px-French_East_Indies_Cannon_de_4_bronze_1755_Douai_84mm_237cm_545kg_iron_ball_2kg.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/French_East_Indies_Cannon_de_4_bronze_1755_Douai_84mm_237cm_545kg_iron_ball_2kg.jpg/330px-French_East_Indies_Cannon_de_4_bronze_1755_Douai_84mm_237cm_545kg_iron_ball_2kg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/French_East_Indies_Cannon_de_4_bronze_1755_Douai_84mm_237cm_545kg_iron_ball_2kg.jpg/440px-French_East_Indies_Cannon_de_4_bronze_1755_Douai_84mm_237cm_545kg_iron_ball_2kg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2239" data-file-height="2752" /></a><figcaption>French East India Company <a href="/wiki/Cannon" title="Cannon">cannon</a> ("Canon de 4"). <a href="/wiki/Bronze" title="Bronze">Bronze</a>, 1755, <a href="/wiki/Douai" title="Douai">Douai</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>France's main rivalry came from the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">British</a>. As a result of constant wars in Europe, notably the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Austrian_Succession" title="War of the Austrian Succession">War of the Austrian Succession</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Years%27_War" title="Seven Years' War">Seven Years' War</a> the British were able to exert control over French territories in India. With the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1763)" title="Treaty of Paris (1763)">Treaty of Paris</a> in 1763, the territories were returned to France.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMole201615_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMole201615-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company was not able to maintain itself financially, and it was abolished in 1769.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMole201615_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMole201615-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> King <a href="/wiki/Louis_XV_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XV of France">Louis XV</a> issued a 1769 edict that required the company to transfer to the state all its properties, assets and rights, which were valued at 30 million livres. The King agreed to pay all of the company's debts and obligations, though holders of company stock and notes received only an estimated 15 percent of the face value of their investments by the end of corporate liquidation in 1790.<sup id="cite_ref-booneshares.com_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-booneshares.com-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The company was reconstituted in 1785<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESoboul1975192_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESoboul1975192-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and issued 40,000 shares of stock, priced at 1,000 livres apiece.<sup id="cite_ref-booneshares.com_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-booneshares.com-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was given monopoly on all trade with countries beyond the Cape of Good Hope<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESoboul1975192_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESoboul1975192-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for an agreed period of seven years.<sup id="cite_ref-booneshares.com_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-booneshares.com-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The agreement, however, did not anticipate the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a>, and on 3 April 1790 the monopoly was abolished by an act of the new <a href="/wiki/National_Constituent_Assembly_(France)" title="National Constituent Assembly (France)">French Assembly</a> which enthusiastically declared that the lucrative Far Eastern trade would henceforth be "thrown open to all Frenchmen".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESoboul1975192_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESoboul1975192-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company, accustomed neither to competition nor official disfavor, fell into steady decline and was finally liquidated in 1794.<sup id="cite_ref-booneshares.com_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-booneshares.com-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Map_gallery">Map gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_East_India_Company&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Map gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bellin_Indoustan_1770.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Carte de L'Indoustan. Bellin, 1770."><img alt="Carte de L'Indoustan. Bellin, 1770." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Bellin_Indoustan_1770.jpg/120px-Bellin_Indoustan_1770.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Bellin_Indoustan_1770.jpg/180px-Bellin_Indoustan_1770.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Bellin_Indoustan_1770.jpg/240px-Bellin_Indoustan_1770.jpg 2x" data-file-width="623" data-file-height="571" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Carte de L'Indoustan. Bellin, 1770.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:European_settlements_in_India_1501-1739.png" class="mw-file-description" title="French and other European settlements in India."><img alt="French and other European settlements in India." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/European_settlements_in_India_1501-1739.png/120px-European_settlements_in_India_1501-1739.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/European_settlements_in_India_1501-1739.png/180px-European_settlements_in_India_1501-1739.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/European_settlements_in_India_1501-1739.png/240px-European_settlements_in_India_1501-1739.png 2x" data-file-width="1140" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">French and other European settlements in India.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:French_India_1741-1754.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Acme of French influence, 1741–1754."><img alt="Acme of French influence, 1741–1754." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/French_India_1741-1754.png/97px-French_India_1741-1754.png" decoding="async" width="97" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/French_India_1741-1754.png/146px-French_India_1741-1754.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/French_India_1741-1754.png/195px-French_India_1741-1754.png 2x" data-file-width="1044" data-file-height="1287" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Acme of French influence, 1741–1754.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Liquidation_scandal">Liquidation scandal</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_East_India_Company&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Liquidation scandal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Even as the company was headed consciously toward extinction, it became embroiled in its most infamous scandal. The <a href="/wiki/Committee_of_Public_Safety" title="Committee of Public Safety">Committee of Public Safety</a> had banned all joint-stock companies on 24 August 1793, and specifically seized the assets and papers of the East India Company.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESoboul1975360–363_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESoboul1975360–363-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While its liquidation proceedings were being set up, directors of the company bribed various senior state officials to allow the company to carry out its own liquidation, rather than be supervised by the government.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESoboul1975360–363_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESoboul1975360–363-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When this became known the following year, the resulting scandal led to the execution of key <a href="/wiki/The_Mountain" title="The Mountain">Montagnard</a> deputies like <a href="/wiki/Fabre_d%27Eglantine" class="mw-redirect" title="Fabre d'Eglantine">Fabre d'Églantine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Delaunay" title="Joseph Delaunay">Joseph Delaunay</a>, among others.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESoboul1975360–363_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESoboul1975360–363-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The infighting sparked by the episode also brought down <a href="/wiki/Georges_Danton" title="Georges Danton">Georges Danton</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoyle1990273–274_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoyle1990273–274-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and can be said to have led to the downfall of the Montagnards as a whole.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESoboul1975360–363_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESoboul1975360–363-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Coins">Coins</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_East_India_Company&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Coins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:French_issued_copper_coin_cast_in_Pondicherry_for_internal_Indian_trade.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="French-issued copper coin, minted in Pondichéry, used for internal Indian trade."><img alt="French-issued copper coin, minted in Pondichéry, used for internal Indian trade." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/French_issued_copper_coin_cast_in_Pondicherry_for_internal_Indian_trade.jpg/120px-French_issued_copper_coin_cast_in_Pondicherry_for_internal_Indian_trade.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/French_issued_copper_coin_cast_in_Pondicherry_for_internal_Indian_trade.jpg/180px-French_issued_copper_coin_cast_in_Pondicherry_for_internal_Indian_trade.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/French_issued_copper_coin_cast_in_Pondicherry_for_internal_Indian_trade.jpg/240px-French_issued_copper_coin_cast_in_Pondicherry_for_internal_Indian_trade.jpg 2x" data-file-width="716" data-file-height="674" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">French-issued copper coin, minted in <a href="/wiki/Puducherry_(union_territory)" title="Puducherry (union territory)">Pondichéry</a>, used for internal Indian trade.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:French_issued_gold_Pagoda_for_Southern_India_trade_cast_in_Pondicherry_1705_1780.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="French-issued "Gold Pagoda" for Southern India trade, cast in Pondichéry 1705–1780."><img alt="French-issued "Gold Pagoda" for Southern India trade, cast in Pondichéry 1705–1780." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/French_issued_gold_Pagoda_for_Southern_India_trade_cast_in_Pondicherry_1705_1780.jpg/120px-French_issued_gold_Pagoda_for_Southern_India_trade_cast_in_Pondicherry_1705_1780.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="61" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/French_issued_gold_Pagoda_for_Southern_India_trade_cast_in_Pondicherry_1705_1780.jpg/180px-French_issued_gold_Pagoda_for_Southern_India_trade_cast_in_Pondicherry_1705_1780.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/French_issued_gold_Pagoda_for_Southern_India_trade_cast_in_Pondicherry_1705_1780.jpg/240px-French_issued_gold_Pagoda_for_Southern_India_trade_cast_in_Pondicherry_1705_1780.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1094" data-file-height="560" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">French-issued "<a href="/wiki/Pagoda_(coin)" title="Pagoda (coin)">Gold Pagoda</a>" for <a href="/wiki/Southern_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern India">Southern India</a> trade, cast in <a href="/wiki/Puducherry_(union_territory)" title="Puducherry (union territory)">Pondichéry</a> 1705–1780.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:French_issued_rupee_in_the_name_of_Mohammed_Sha_1719_1758_for_Northern_India_trade_cast_in_Pondicherry.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="French-issued rupee in the name of Mohammed Shah (1719–1748) for Northern India trade, cast in Pondichéry."><img alt="French-issued rupee in the name of Mohammed Shah (1719–1748) for Northern India trade, cast in Pondichéry." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/French_issued_rupee_in_the_name_of_Mohammed_Sha_1719_1758_for_Northern_India_trade_cast_in_Pondicherry.jpg/120px-French_issued_rupee_in_the_name_of_Mohammed_Sha_1719_1758_for_Northern_India_trade_cast_in_Pondicherry.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/French_issued_rupee_in_the_name_of_Mohammed_Sha_1719_1758_for_Northern_India_trade_cast_in_Pondicherry.jpg/180px-French_issued_rupee_in_the_name_of_Mohammed_Sha_1719_1758_for_Northern_India_trade_cast_in_Pondicherry.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/French_issued_rupee_in_the_name_of_Mohammed_Sha_1719_1758_for_Northern_India_trade_cast_in_Pondicherry.jpg/240px-French_issued_rupee_in_the_name_of_Mohammed_Sha_1719_1758_for_Northern_India_trade_cast_in_Pondicherry.jpg 2x" data-file-width="912" data-file-height="887" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">French-issued <a href="/wiki/Rupee" title="Rupee">rupee</a> in the name of <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Shah" title="Muhammad Shah">Mohammed Shah</a> (1719–1748) for Northern India trade, cast in Pondichéry.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Silver_Rupee_issued_by_the_French_East_India_Company,_Arkat_Mint,_AH_1221_and_Regnal_Year_45,_having_the_%22Saya-e-fazle_elah%22_couplet,_struck_in_the_name_of_Mughal_emperor_Shah_Alam_II.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Silver Rupee issued by the French East India Company, Arkat Mint, AH 1221 and Regnal Year 45, having the "Saya-e-fazle elah" couplet, struck in the name of Mughal emperor Shah Alam II."><img alt="Silver Rupee issued by the French East India Company, Arkat Mint, AH 1221 and Regnal Year 45, having the "Saya-e-fazle elah" couplet, struck in the name of Mughal emperor Shah Alam II." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Silver_Rupee_issued_by_the_French_East_India_Company%2C_Arkat_Mint%2C_AH_1221_and_Regnal_Year_45%2C_having_the_%22Saya-e-fazle_elah%22_couplet%2C_struck_in_the_name_of_Mughal_emperor_Shah_Alam_II.jpg/120px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Silver_Rupee_issued_by_the_French_East_India_Company%2C_Arkat_Mint%2C_AH_1221_and_Regnal_Year_45%2C_having_the_%22Saya-e-fazle_elah%22_couplet%2C_struck_in_the_name_of_Mughal_emperor_Shah_Alam_II.jpg/180px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Silver_Rupee_issued_by_the_French_East_India_Company%2C_Arkat_Mint%2C_AH_1221_and_Regnal_Year_45%2C_having_the_%22Saya-e-fazle_elah%22_couplet%2C_struck_in_the_name_of_Mughal_emperor_Shah_Alam_II.jpg/240px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2240" data-file-height="1824" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Silver Rupee issued by the French East India Company, Arkat Mint, AH 1221 and Regnal Year 45, having the "Saya-e-fazle elah" couplet, struck in the name of Mughal emperor <a href="/wiki/Shah_Alam_II" title="Shah Alam II">Shah Alam II</a>.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_East_India_Company&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pondicherry_Dupliex.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Pondicherry_Dupliex.jpg/183px-Pondicherry_Dupliex.jpg" decoding="async" width="183" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Pondicherry_Dupliex.jpg/274px-Pondicherry_Dupliex.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Pondicherry_Dupliex.jpg/366px-Pondicherry_Dupliex.jpg 2x" data-file-width="679" data-file-height="905" /></a><figcaption>Monument to Joseph François Dupleix in <a href="/wiki/Pondicherry_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pondicherry (city)">Pondicherry</a>.</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/28px-Industry5.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/42px-Industry5.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/56px-Industry5.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Companies" title="Portal:Companies">Companies portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_East_India_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="British East India Company">British East India Company</a>, founded in 1600</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_East_India_Company" title="Portuguese East India Company">Portuguese East India Company</a>, founded 1628</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnatic_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Carnatic Wars">Carnatic Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chanda_Sahib" title="Chanda Sahib">Chanda Sahib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_India_Company" title="Dutch East India Company">Dutch East India Company</a>, founded in 1602</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_West_India_Company" title="Dutch West India Company">Dutch West India Company</a>, founded in 1621</li> <li><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compagnies_europ%C3%A9ennes_fond%C3%A9es_au_XVIIe_si%C3%A8cle" class="extiw" title="fr:Compagnies européennes fondées au XVIIe siècle">European chartered companies founded around the 17th century</a> (in French)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/France-Asia_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="France-Asia relations">France-Asia relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_colonial_empire" title="French colonial empire">French colonial empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_India" title="French India">French India</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_East_India_Company&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMole201624-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMole201624_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMole2016">Mole 2016</a>, p. 24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRogala2001">Rogala 2001</a>, p. 31. Caron lived in Japan from 1619 to 1641.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcCabe2008104-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcCabe2008104_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcCabe2008">McCabe 2008</a>, p. 104.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-booneshares.com-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-booneshares.com_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-booneshares.com_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-booneshares.com_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-booneshares.com_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-booneshares.com_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-booneshares.com_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-booneshares.com_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFShakespeare,_Howard2001" class="citation web cs1">Shakespeare, Howard (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071225184121/http://www.booneshares.com/Indes.htm">"The Compagnie des Indes"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.booneshares.com/Indes.htm">the original</a> on 25 December 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Compagnie+des+Indes&rft.date=2001&rft.au=Shakespeare%2C+Howard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.booneshares.com%2FIndes.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+East+India+Company" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMole201627-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMole201627_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMole2016">Mole 2016</a>, p. 27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMole201628-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMole201628_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMole201628_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMole2016">Mole 2016</a>, p. 28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMole201634–35-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMole201634–35_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMole2016">Mole 2016</a>, pp. 34–35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMole201614-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMole201614_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMole201614_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMole201614_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMole2016">Mole 2016</a>, p. 14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKleen201741-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKleen201741_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKleen2017">Kleen 2017</a>, p. 41.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMole201614–15-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMole201614–15_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMole2016">Mole 2016</a>, p. 14–15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMole201635-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMole201635_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMole2016">Mole 2016</a>, p. 35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMole201636-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMole201636_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMole2016">Mole 2016</a>, p. 36.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDanleySpeelman2012-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDanleySpeelman2012_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDanleySpeelman2012">Danley & Speelman 2012</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMole201615-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMole201615_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMole201615_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMole2016">Mole 2016</a>, p. 15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESoboul1975192-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESoboul1975192_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESoboul1975192_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESoboul1975192_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSoboul1975">Soboul 1975</a>, p. 192.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESoboul1975360–363-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESoboul1975360–363_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESoboul1975360–363_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESoboul1975360–363_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESoboul1975360–363_16-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSoboul1975">Soboul 1975</a>, pp. 360–363.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDoyle1990273–274-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDoyle1990273–274_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDoyle1990">Doyle 1990</a>, pp. 273–274.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_East_India_Company&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmes1996" class="citation book cs1">Ames, Glenn J. (1996). <i>Colbert, Mercantilism, and the French Quest for Asian Trade</i>. DeKalb, IL: Northern Illinois University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87580-207-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-87580-207-9"><bdi>0-87580-207-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Colbert%2C+Mercantilism%2C+and+the+French+Quest+for+Asian+Trade&rft.place=DeKalb%2C+IL&rft.pub=Northern+Illinois+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-87580-207-9&rft.aulast=Ames&rft.aufirst=Glenn+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+East+India+Company" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoucher1985" class="citation book cs1">Boucher, P. (1985). <i>The Shaping of the French Colonial Empire: A Bio-Bibliography of the Careers of Richelieu, Fouquet and Colbert</i>. New York: Garland.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Shaping+of+the+French+Colonial+Empire%3A+A+Bio-Bibliography+of+the+Careers+of+Richelieu%2C+Fouquet+and+Colbert&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Garland&rft.date=1985&rft.aulast=Boucher&rft.aufirst=P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+East+India+Company" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDanleySpeelman2012" class="citation book cs1">Danley, Mark H.; Speelman, Patrick J., eds. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lQAzAQAAQBAJ&dq=French+East+India+Company+slave&pg=PA267"><i>The Seven Years' War: Global Views</i></a>. Leiden: Brill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-23644-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-23644-8"><bdi>978-90-04-23644-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Seven+Years%27+War%3A+Global+Views&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-90-04-23644-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlQAzAQAAQBAJ%26dq%3DFrench%2BEast%2BIndia%2BCompany%2Bslave%26pg%3DPA267&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+East+India+Company" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDoyle1990" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_Doyle_(historian)" title="William Doyle (historian)">Doyle, William</a> (1990). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oxfordhistoryoff00doyl"><i>The Oxford History of the French Revolution</i></a></span> (2 ed.). Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-925298-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-925298-5"><bdi>978-0-19-925298-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+History+of+the+French+Revolution&rft.place=Oxford%3B+New+York&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-19-925298-5&rft.aulast=Doyle&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foxfordhistoryoff00doyl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+East+India+Company" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Greenwald, Erin M. (2016). <i>Marc-Antoine Caillot and the Company of the Indies in Louisiana: Trade in the French Atlantic World.</i> Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780807162859" title="Special:BookSources/9780807162859">9780807162859</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKleen2017" class="citation book cs1">Kleen, Michael (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zM8wDwAAQBAJ&dq=French+East+India+Company+slave&pg=PA41"><i>Witchcraft in Illinois: A Cultural History</i></a>. Charleston, South Carolina: The History Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-62585-876-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-62585-876-4"><bdi>978-1-62585-876-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Witchcraft+in+Illinois%3A+A+Cultural+History&rft.place=Charleston%2C+South+Carolina&rft.pub=The+History+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-62585-876-4&rft.aulast=Kleen&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzM8wDwAAQBAJ%26dq%3DFrench%2BEast%2BIndia%2BCompany%2Bslave%26pg%3DPA41&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+East+India+Company" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLokke1932" class="citation book cs1">Lokke, C. L. (1932). <i>France and the Colonial Question: A Study of Contemporary French Public Opinion, 1763–1801</i>. New York: Columbia University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=France+and+the+Colonial+Question%3A+A+Study+of+Contemporary+French+Public+Opinion%2C+1763%E2%80%931801&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=1932&rft.aulast=Lokke&rft.aufirst=C.+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+East+India+Company" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMalleson1893" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_Bruce_Malleson" title="George Bruce Malleson">Malleson, G. B.</a> (1893). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyoffrenchi00mallrich"><i>History of the French in India</i></a>. London: W.H. Allen & Co.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+French+in+India&rft.place=London&rft.pub=W.H.+Allen+%26+Co&rft.date=1893&rft.aulast=Malleson&rft.aufirst=G.+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryoffrenchi00mallrich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+East+India+Company" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRogala2001" class="citation book cs1">Rogala, Jozef (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=29cty-eprmgC&dq=Fran%25C3%25A7ois+Caron+years+Japan&pg=PA31"><i>A Collector's Guide to Books on Japan in English: A Select List of Over 2500 Titles</i></a>. Richmond, Surrey: Japan Library. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-873410-90-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-873410-90-5"><bdi>1-873410-90-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Collector%27s+Guide+to+Books+on+Japan+in+English%3A+A+Select+List+of+Over+2500+Titles&rft.place=Richmond%2C+Surrey&rft.pub=Japan+Library&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=1-873410-90-5&rft.aulast=Rogala&rft.aufirst=Jozef&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D29cty-eprmgC%26dq%3DFran%2525C3%2525A7ois%2BCaron%2Byears%2BJapan%26pg%3DPA31&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+East+India+Company" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSen1958" class="citation book cs1">Sen, S. P. (1958). <i>The French in India, 1763–1816</i>. Calcutta: Firma K.L. Mukhopadhyay. <a href="/wiki/ASIN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ASIN (identifier)">ASIN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B000HINRSC">B000HINRSC</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+French+in+India%2C+1763%E2%80%931816&rft.place=Calcutta&rft.pub=Firma+K.L.+Mukhopadhyay&rft.date=1958&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2Fdp%2FB000HINRSC%23id-name%3DASIN&rft.aulast=Sen&rft.aufirst=S.+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+East+India+Company" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSen1947" class="citation book cs1">Sen, S. P. (1947). <i>The French in India: First Establishment and Struggle</i>. Calcutta: University of Calcutta Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+French+in+India%3A+First+Establishment+and+Struggle&rft.place=Calcutta&rft.pub=University+of+Calcutta+Press&rft.date=1947&rft.aulast=Sen&rft.aufirst=S.+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+East+India+Company" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSoboul1975" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Soboul" title="Albert Soboul">Soboul, Albert</a> (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2gt4AAAAIAAJ"><i>The French Revolution 1787–1799</i></a>. New York: Vintage. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-394-71220-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-394-71220-X"><bdi>0-394-71220-X</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+French+Revolution+1787%E2%80%931799&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Vintage&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=0-394-71220-X&rft.aulast=Soboul&rft.aufirst=Albert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2gt4AAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+East+India+Company" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSubramanian1999" class="citation book cs1">Subramanian, Lakshmi, ed. (1999). <i>French East India Company and the Trade of the Indian Ocean: A Collection of Essays by Indrani Chatterjee</i>. Delhi: Munshiram Publishers.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=French+East+India+Company+and+the+Trade+of+the+Indian+Ocean%3A+A+Collection+of+Essays+by+Indrani+Chatterjee&rft.place=Delhi&rft.pub=Munshiram+Publishers&rft.date=1999&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+East+India+Company" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCabe2008" class="citation book cs1">McCabe, Ina Baghdiantz (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LK0iAQAAIAAJ"><i>Orientalism in early Modern France</i></a>. Berg. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84520-374-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84520-374-0"><bdi>978-1-84520-374-0</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Orientalism+in+early+Modern+France&rft.pub=Berg&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-84520-374-0&rft.aulast=McCabe&rft.aufirst=Ina+Baghdiantz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLK0iAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+East+India+Company" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWellington2006" class="citation book cs1">Wellington, Donald C. (2006). <i>French East India Companies: A Historical Account and Record of Trade</i>. Lanham, Maryland: Hamilton Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=French+East+India+Companies%3A+A+Historical+Account+and+Record+of+Trade&rft.place=Lanham%2C+Maryland&rft.pub=Hamilton+Books&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Wellington&rft.aufirst=Donald+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+East+India+Company" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMole2016" class="citation book cs1">Mole, Gregory (2016). <i>Privileging Commerce: The Compagnie des Indes and the politics of trade in old Regime France</i>. Carolina Digital Repository.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Privileging+Commerce%3A+The+Compagnie+des+Indes+and+the+politics+of+trade+in+old+Regime+France&rft.pub=Carolina+Digital+Repository&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Mole&rft.aufirst=Gregory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrench+East+India+Company" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_East_India_Company&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140425154556/http://musee.lorient.fr/">Museum of the French East India Company at Lorient</a> (archived 25 April 2014)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cambaceres.org/relation/financiers/financiers.htm#CIE-INDES">The French East India Company (1785–1875)</a> – history of the last French East India Company on the site dedicated to its business lawyer Jean-Jacques Regis of Cambaceres.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080603033843/http://www.les-compagnies-des-indes.com/">French East Indies Company nowadays</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://frenchbooksonindia.com/">Frenchbooksonindia.com</a> – an open access multilingual discovery tool with book data from 1531 to 2020, full-text ebooks from 1531 to 1937 and in-text search from <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1830–1920</span>]</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output 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.mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="French_overseas_empire62" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:French_overseas_empire" title="Template:French overseas empire"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:French_overseas_empire" title="Template talk:French 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Indian Ocean</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/French_North_Africa" title="French North Africa">North Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Algeria" title="French Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_protectorate_in_Morocco" title="French protectorate in Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_protectorate_of_Tunisia" title="French protectorate of Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/French_West_Africa" title="French West Africa">West Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Ivory_Coast" class="mw-redirect" title="French Ivory Coast">Côte d'Ivoire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Dahomey" title="French Dahomey">Dahomey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Sudan" title="French Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Guinea" title="French Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_Mauritania" title="Colonial Mauritania">Mauritania</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arguin" title="Arguin">Arguin Island</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Niger" title="Colony of Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Senegal" class="mw-redirect" title="French Senegal">Senegal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Four_Communes" title="Four Communes">Four Communes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Upper_Volta" title="French Upper Volta">Upper Volta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Togoland" title="French Togoland">Togoland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunta_Kinteh_Island" title="Kunta Kinteh Island">James Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albreda" title="Albreda">Albreda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/French_Equatorial_Africa" title="French Equatorial Africa">Equatorial Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Chad" title="French Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Gabon" class="mw-redirect" title="French Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Congo" title="French Congo">Middle Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubangi-Shari" title="Ubangi-Shari">Ubangi-Shari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Cameroons" class="mw-redirect" title="French Cameroons">Cameroons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/French_Comoros" class="mw-redirect" title="French Comoros">Comoros</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anjouan" title="Anjouan">Anjouan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grande_Comore" title="Grande Comore">Grande Comore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moh%C3%A9li" title="Mohéli">Mohéli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Somaliland" title="French Somaliland">Somaliland (Djibouti)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Madagascar" title="French Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_de_France_(Mauritius)" title="Isle de France (Mauritius)">Isle de France</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Former_French_colonies_in_the_Americas" title="Template:Former French colonies in the Americas"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Former_French_colonies_in_the_Americas" title="Template talk:Former French colonies in the Americas"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Former_French_colonies_in_the_Americas" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Former French colonies in the Americas"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Former_French_colonies_in_the_Americas274" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/French_colonial_empire" title="French colonial empire">Former French colonies</a> <a href="/wiki/French_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="French colonization of the Americas">in the Americas</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/New_France" title="New France">French North America</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acadia" title="Acadia">Acadia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_(New_France)" title="Louisiana (New France)">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada_(New_France)" title="Canada (New France)">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_(island)" title="Newfoundland (island)">Terre Neuve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Florida" title="French Florida">French Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_colonization_of_Texas" title="French colonization of Texas">French Texas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/French_West_Indies" title="French West Indies">French Caribbean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dominica" title="Dominica">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenadines" title="Grenadines">The Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Domingue" title="Saint-Domingue">Saint-Domingue</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ha%C3%AFti" class="mw-redirect" title="Haïti">Haïti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Era_de_Francia" title="Era de Francia">Dominican Republic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts_%26_Nevis" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Kitts & Nevis">Saint Kitts & Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_(island)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Vincent (island)">Saint Vincent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobago" title="Tobago">Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands" title="History of the British Virgin Islands">Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Equinoctial_France" title="Equinoctial France">Equinoctial France</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berbice" title="Berbice">Berbice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France_Antarctique" title="France Antarctique">France Antarctique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inini" title="Inini">Inini</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="French colonization of the Americas">French colonization of the Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_West_India_Company" title="French West India Company">French West India Company</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Former_French_colonies_in_Asia_and_Oceania" title="Template:Former French colonies in Asia and Oceania"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Former_French_colonies_in_Asia_and_Oceania" title="Template talk:Former French colonies in Asia and Oceania"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Former_French_colonies_in_Asia_and_Oceania" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Former French colonies in Asia and Oceania"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Former_French_colonies_in_Asia_and_Oceania265" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/French_colonial_empire" title="French colonial empire">Former French colonies</a> in Asia and Oceania</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/French_India" title="French India">French India</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chandannagar" title="Chandannagar">Chandernagor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coromandel_Coast" title="Coromandel Coast">Coromandel Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Chennai" title="History of Chennai">Madras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mah%C3%A9,_India" title="Mahé, India">Mahé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Puducherry" title="History of Puducherry">Pondichéry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karaikal" title="Karaikal">Karaikal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanam" title="Yanam">Yanaon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/French_Indochina" title="French Indochina">Indochinese Union</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_protectorate_of_Cambodia" title="French protectorate of Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_protectorate_of_Laos" title="French protectorate of Laos">Laos</a></li> <li>Vietnam<sup>[<a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%C3%A1p_thu%E1%BB%99c" class="extiw" title="vi:Pháp thuộc">vi</a>]</sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Cochinchina" title="French Cochinchina">Cochinchina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annam_(French_protectorate)" title="Annam (French protectorate)">Annam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonkin_(French_protectorate)" title="Tonkin (French protectorate)">Tonkin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leased_Territory_of_Guangzhouwan" title="Leased Territory of Guangzhouwan">Kouang-Tchéou-Wan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mandate_for_Syria_and_the_Lebanon" title="Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon">Mandate for Syria<br />and the Lebanon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Syria_(1925%E2%80%931930)" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Syria (1925–1930)">State of Syria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Aleppo" title="State of Aleppo">Aleppo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Damascus" title="State of Damascus">Damascus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alawite_State" title="Alawite State">Alawite State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Lebanon" title="Greater Lebanon">Greater Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabal_Druze_State" title="Jabal Druze State">Jabal al-Druze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Alexandretta" title="Sanjak of Alexandretta">Sanjak of Alexandretta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Hebrides" title="New Hebrides">New Hebrides</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Vanuatu" title="History of Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanto-Bordelaise_Company" title="Nanto-Bordelaise Company">Port Louis-Philippe (Akaroa)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/France%E2%80%93Asia_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="France–Asia relations">France–Asia relations</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">French East India Company</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Overseas_France" title="Template:Overseas France"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Overseas_France" title="Template talk:Overseas France"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Overseas_France" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Overseas France"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Overseas_France298" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Overseas_France" title="Overseas France">Overseas France</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Inhabited_territories298" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Inhabited territories</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Overseas_departments_and_regions_of_France" title="Overseas departments and regions of France">Overseas<wbr /> regions</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana">French Guiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Overseas_collectivity" title="Overseas collectivity">Overseas<wbr /> collectivities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Polynesia" title="French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy" title="Saint Barthélemy">Saint Barthélemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin" title="Collectivity of Saint Martin">Saint Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon" title="Saint Pierre and Miquelon">Saint Pierre and Miquelon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallis_and_Futuna" title="Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sui_generis" title="Sui generis">Sui generis</a><wbr /> collectivity</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia" title="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Uninhabited_territories298" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Uninhabited territories</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">North Pacific Ocean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clipperton_Island" title="Clipperton Island">Clipperton Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Overseas_territory_(France)" title="Overseas territory (France)">Overseas territory</a><wbr /> (<a href="/wiki/French_Southern_and_Antarctic_Lands" title="French Southern and Antarctic Lands">French Southern<wbr /> and Antarctic Lands</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ad%C3%A9lie_Land" title="Adélie Land">Adélie Land</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crozet_Islands" title="Crozet Islands">Crozet Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_domains_of_Saint_Helena" title="French domains of Saint Helena">French domains of Saint Helena</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_domains_of_the_Holy_Land&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French domains of the Holy Land (page does not exist)">French domains of the Holy Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerguelen_Islands" title="Kerguelen Islands">Kerguelen Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Saint-Paul" title="Île Saint-Paul">Saint Paul</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Amsterdam" title="Île Amsterdam">Amsterdam Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Scattered_Islands_in_the_Indian_Ocean" title="Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean">Scattered Islands in<wbr /> the Indian Ocean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bassas_da_India" title="Bassas da India">Bassas da India</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europa_Island" title="Europa Island">Europa Island</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glorioso_Islands" title="Glorioso Islands">Glorioso Islands</a><sup><small>2, 3</small></sup> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Banc_du_Geyser" title="Banc du Geyser">Banc du Geyser</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Nova_Island" title="Juan de Nova Island">Juan de Nova Island</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tromelin_Island" title="Tromelin Island">Tromelin Island</a><sup><small>4</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup><small>1</small></sup> Also known as <a href="/wiki/Overseas_departments_and_regions_of_France" title="Overseas departments and regions of France">overseas departments</a></li> <li><sup><small>2</small></sup> Claimed by the <a href="/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><sup><small>3</small></sup> Claimed by <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><sup><small>4</small></sup> Claimed by <a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chartered_companies249" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Chartered_companies" title="Template:Chartered companies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Chartered_companies" title="Template talk:Chartered companies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Chartered_companies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Chartered companies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chartered_companies249" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Chartered_company" title="Chartered company">Chartered companies</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">British</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Company_of_Merchants" title="African Company of Merchants">African Company of Merchants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbary_Company" title="Barbary Company">Barbary Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_American_Land_Company" title="British American Land Company">British American Land Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_British_East_Africa_Company" title="Imperial British East Africa Company">British East Africa Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada_Company" title="Canada Company">Canada Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canterbury_Association" title="Canterbury Association">Canterbury Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Company_of_Merchant_Adventurers_of_London" title="Company of Merchant Adventurers of London">Company of Merchant Adventurers of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Company_of_Merchant_Adventurers_to_New_Lands" title="Company of Merchant Adventurers to New Lands">Company of Merchant Adventurers to New Lands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Company_of_Scotland" title="Company of Scotland">Company of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">East India Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Archipelago_Company" title="Eastern Archipelago Company">Eastern Archipelago Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastland_Company" title="Eastland Company">Eastland Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea_Company_(London)" title="Guinea Company (London)">Guinea Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson%27s_Bay_Company" title="Hudson's Bay Company">Hudson's Bay Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levant_Company" title="Levant Company">Levant Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_and_Bristol_Company" title="London and Bristol Company">London and Bristol Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Bay_Colony" title="Massachusetts Bay Colony">Massachusetts Bay Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscovy_Company" title="Muscovy Company">Muscovy Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Company" title="New Zealand Company">New Zealand Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Borneo_Chartered_Company" title="North Borneo Chartered Company">North Borneo Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Providence_Island_Company" title="Providence Island Company">Providence Island Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_African_Company" title="Royal African Company">Royal African Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_British_Bank" title="Royal British Bank">Royal British Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Niger_Company" title="Royal Niger Company">Royal Niger Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_South_Africa_Company" title="British South Africa Company">South Africa Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone_Company" title="Sierra Leone Company">Sierra Leone Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somers_Isles_Company" title="Somers Isles Company">Somers Isles Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Australian_Company" title="South Australian Company">South Australian Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Sea_Company" title="South Sea Company">South Sea Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Company" title="Spanish Company">Spanish Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venice_Company" title="Venice Company">Venice Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Company" title="Virginia Company">Virginia Company</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Company" title="Plymouth Company">Plymouth Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Company_of_London" title="Virginia Company of London">Virginia Company of London</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">French</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Compagnie_de_l%27Occident" title="Compagnie de l'Occident">Compagnie de l'Occident</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Company_of_the_American_Islands" title="Company of the American Islands">Compagnie des Îles de l'Amérique</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Company_of_Habitants" title="Company of Habitants">Company of Habitants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Company_of_One_Hundred_Associates" title="Company of One Hundred Associates">Company of One Hundred Associates</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">East India Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Company" title="Mississippi Company">Mississippi Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compagnie_du_S%C3%A9n%C3%A9gal" title="Compagnie du Sénégal">Senegal Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_West_India_Company" title="French West India Company">West India Company</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">German</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brandenburger_Gold_Coast" title="Brandenburger Gold Coast">Brandenburg African Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_East_Africa_Company" title="German East Africa Company">East Africa Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emden_Company" title="Emden Company">Emden Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_New_Guinea_Company" title="German New Guinea Company">New Guinea Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_West_African_Company" title="German West African Company">West African Company</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Portuguese</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cacheu_and_Cape_Verde_Company" title="Cacheu and Cape Verde Company">Cacheu and Cape Verde Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_East_India_Company" title="Portuguese East India Company">East India Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A3o_Par%C3%A1_and_Maranh%C3%A3o_Company" title="Grão Pará and Maranhão Company">Grão Pará and Maranhão Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casa_da_Guin%C3%A9" title="Casa da Guiné">Company of Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casa_da_%C3%8Dndia" title="Casa da Índia">House of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambique_Company" title="Mozambique Company">Mozambique Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambezia_Company" title="Zambezia Company">Zambezia Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niassa_Company" title="Niassa Company">Niassa Company</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Austrian and<br />Low Countries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brabantsche_Compagnie" title="Brabantsche Compagnie">Brabantsche Compagnie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_India_Company" title="Dutch East India Company">Dutch East India Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_East_India_Company" title="Austrian East India Company">Imperial Company of Trieste and Antwerp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Privileged_Oriental_Company" title="Imperial Privileged Oriental Company">Imperial Privileged Oriental Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Netherland_Company" title="New Netherland Company">New Netherland Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noordsche_Compagnie" title="Noordsche Compagnie">Noordsche Compagnie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostend_Company" title="Ostend Company">Ostend Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_West_India_Company" title="Dutch West India Company">Dutch West India Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compagnie_van_Verre" title="Compagnie van Verre">Compagnie van Verre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compagnie_van_De_Moucheron" title="Compagnie van De Moucheron">Compagnie van De Moucheron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veerse_Compagnie" title="Veerse Compagnie">Veerse Compagnie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spanish</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barcelona_Trading_Company" title="Barcelona Trading Company">Barcelona Trading Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guipuzcoan_Company_of_Caracas" title="Guipuzcoan Company of Caracas">Guipuzcoan Company of Caracas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Company_of_the_Philippines" title="Royal Company of the Philippines">Royal Company of the Philippines</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Swedish</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Africa_Company" title="Swedish Africa Company">Swedish Africa Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_East_India_Company" title="Swedish East India Company">Swedish East India Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Levant_Company" title="Swedish Levant Company">Swedish Levant Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_South_Company" title="Swedish South Company">Swedish South Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_West_India_Company" title="Swedish West India Company">Swedish West India Company</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Danish</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danish_Asiatic_Company" title="Danish Asiatic Company">Danish Asiatic Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_East_India_Company" title="Danish East India Company">Danish East India Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_West_India_Company" title="Danish West India Company">Danish West India Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Greenland_Trading_Department" title="Royal Greenland Trading Department">Royal Greenland Trading Department</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Russian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian-American_Company" title="Russian-American Company">Russian-American Company</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" 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authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213663#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1038" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213663#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1038" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213663#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/000000012202233X">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/168214685">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/811937-5">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n83150572">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Compagnie des Indes orientales"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ko20221140564&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007430291405171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=French_East_India_Company&oldid=1273318795">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=French_East_India_Company&oldid=1273318795</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:French_East_India_Company" title="Category:French East India Company">French East India Company</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Yanam" 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