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class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B1.%D8%AC%DB%8C." title="اوتو کرنر.جی. – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اوتو کرنر.جی." data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Kerner" title="Otto Kerner – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Otto Kerner" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Kerner,_Jr." title="Otto Kerner, Jr. – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Otto Kerner, Jr." data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Kerner" title="Otto Kerner – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Otto Kerner" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%98%D7%95_%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%A8" title="אוטו קרנר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אוטו קרנר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Kerner" title="Otto Kerner – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Otto Kerner" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88_%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B1" title="اوتو كيرنر – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اوتو كيرنر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Kerner" title="Otto Kerner – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Otto Kerner" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Kerner_Jr." title="Otto Kerner Jr. – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Otto Kerner Jr." data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Kerner" title="Otto Kerner – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Otto Kerner" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q746960#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Otto Kerner</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Governor_Otto_Kerner_Color_Portrait_(cropped_less).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Governor_Otto_Kerner_Color_Portrait_%28cropped_less%29.png/220px-Governor_Otto_Kerner_Color_Portrait_%28cropped_less%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Governor_Otto_Kerner_Color_Portrait_%28cropped_less%29.png/330px-Governor_Otto_Kerner_Color_Portrait_%28cropped_less%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Governor_Otto_Kerner_Color_Portrait_%28cropped_less%29.png/440px-Governor_Otto_Kerner_Color_Portrait_%28cropped_less%29.png 2x" data-file-width="796" data-file-height="1061" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Kerner as governor, circa 1963</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Judge of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Seventh_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit">United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />April 22, 1968 – July 22, 1974</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Appointed by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Winfred_George_Knoch" title="Winfred George Knoch">Winfred George Knoch</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_J._Bauer" title="William J. Bauer">William J. Bauer</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">33rd <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Illinois" title="Governor of Illinois">Governor of Illinois</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 9, 1961 – May 21, 1968</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Lieutenant</th><td class="infobox-data">Samuel H. Shapiro</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_Stratton" title="William Stratton">William Stratton</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_H._Shapiro" class="mw-redirect" title="Samuel H. Shapiro">Samuel H. Shapiro</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney" title="United States Attorney">United States Attorney</a> for the <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Northern_District_of_Illinois" title="United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois">Northern District of Illinois</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1947–1954</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">J. Albert Woll</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Irwin N. Cohen</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1908-08-15</span>)</span>August 15, 1908<br /><a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">May 9, 1976<span style="display:none">(1976-05-09)</span> (aged 67)<br />Chicago, Illinois, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Arlington_National_Cemetery" title="Arlington National Cemetery">Arlington National Cemetery</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;">Helena Cermak</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1934)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">2</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Otto_Kerner_Sr." title="Otto Kerner Sr.">Otto Kerner Sr.</a> (father)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Brown_University" title="Brown University">Brown University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Trinity_College,_Cambridge" title="Trinity College, Cambridge">Trinity College, Cambridge</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_University" title="Northwestern University">Northwestern University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Laws" title="Bachelor of Laws">LLB</a>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Military service</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Branch/service</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_the_United_States_Army.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_the_United_States_Army.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_the_United_States_Army.svg/43px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="6336" data-file-height="4992" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1934–1954</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_colonel_(United_States)" title="Lieutenant colonel (United States)">Lieutenant Colonel</a> (Army)<br /><a href="/wiki/Major_general_(United_States)" title="Major general (United States)">Major General</a> (National Guard)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Unit</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/33rd_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="33rd Infantry Division (United States)">33rd Infantry Division</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Army_National_Guard" title="Illinois Army National Guard">Illinois Army National Guard</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Battles/wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bronze_Star_Medal" title="Bronze Star Medal">Bronze Star</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Soldier%27s_Medal" title="Soldier's Medal">Soldier's Medal</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Otto Kerner Jr.</b> (August 15, 1908 – May 9, 1976) was an American jurist and politician. He served as the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Governors of Illinois">33rd governor</a> of <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a> from 1961 to 1968 and chaired the National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders (the <a href="/wiki/Kerner_Commission" title="Kerner Commission">Kerner Commission</a>). He was then appointed a <a href="/wiki/United_States_federal_judge" title="United States federal judge">United States circuit judge</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Seventh_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit">United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit</a>. He was forced to step down from the bench after being convicted of <a href="/wiki/Mail_and_wire_fraud" title="Mail and wire fraud">mail fraud</a> in 1974. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Otto_Kerner_Jr.&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kerner was born in <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, Illinois, on August 15, 1908, the son of Rosalie [née Chmelíková] (1885–1979) and <a href="/wiki/Otto_Kerner,_Sr." class="mw-redirect" title="Otto Kerner, Sr.">Otto Kerner, Sr.</a> (1884–1952).<sup id="cite_ref-Encyclopedia.com_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Encyclopedia.com-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His father, born in Chicago to <a href="/wiki/Czechs" title="Czechs">Czech</a> immigrants from <a href="/wiki/Ronov_nad_Doubravou" title="Ronov nad Doubravou">Ronov nad Doubravou</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hrazany" title="Hrazany">Hrazánky</a>, served as <a href="/wiki/Illinois_Attorney_General" title="Illinois Attorney General">Illinois Attorney General</a> and a judge of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Seventh_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit">United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His mother was born in <a href="/wiki/Li%C5%A1ov" title="Lišov">Lišov</a> and came to America with her parents and sisters.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Born into the Czech community of Chicago, he was named after his father.<sup id="cite_ref-j27792286_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-j27792286-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After graduating with an <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">Artium Baccalaureus</a> degree from <a href="/wiki/Brown_University" title="Brown University">Brown University</a> in 1930, Kerner attended <a href="/wiki/Trinity_College,_Cambridge" title="Trinity College, Cambridge">Trinity College, Cambridge</a> in England from 1930 to 1931. In 1934, he received a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Laws#United_States" title="Bachelor of Laws">Bachelor of Laws</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from <a href="/wiki/Northwestern_University_School_of_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="Northwestern University School of Law">Northwestern University School of Law</a> in Chicago and was admitted to the Illinois bar. On October 20, 1934, he married Helena Cermak, daughter of the late <a href="/wiki/Anton_Cermak" title="Anton Cermak">Anton Cermak</a>, who had been mayor of Chicago before he was shot and mortally wounded in <a href="/wiki/Miami" title="Miami">Miami</a>, Florida, in 1933 by <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Zangara" title="Giuseppe Zangara">Giuseppe Zangara</a> in what may have been an attempt on the life of president-elect <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a>. </p><p>Kerner joined the 33rd Division of the Illinois <a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Guard" class="mw-redirect" title="United States National Guard">National Guard</a> in 1934 and because of his time in the National Guard he was quickly granted a commission when the Second World War broke out. In 1942, he entered active duty in <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, serving as a field artillery officer in the <a href="/wiki/U.S._9th_Infantry_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. 9th Infantry Division">9th Infantry Division</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a> in North Africa and Italy and in the <a href="/wiki/U.S._32nd_Infantry_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. 32nd Infantry Division">32nd Infantry Division</a> in the Pacific. He was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Star_Medal" title="Bronze Star Medal">Bronze Star Medal</a> for merit and the <a href="/wiki/Soldier%27s_Medal" title="Soldier's Medal">Soldier's Medal</a> for rescuing a drowning soldier off the coast of <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a>. He was released from active duty in 1946 as a <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_colonel" title="Lieutenant colonel">lieutenant colonel</a> and rejoined the Illinois National Guard. In the 33rd Division, Kerner was promoted to the rank of <a href="/wiki/Colonel" title="Colonel">colonel</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Illinois_Army_National_Guard" title="Illinois Army National Guard">Illinois Army National Guard</a> that same year and to <a href="/wiki/Brigadier_general" title="Brigadier general">brigadier general</a> in 1951. He retired from the <a href="/wiki/Army_National_Guard" title="Army National Guard">Army National Guard</a> in 1954 as a major general. During his time in the Army, Kerner deeply impressed his commanding officer at the time, <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Arvey" title="Jacob Arvey">Jacob Arvey</a>, who was also the leader of the Cook County Democratic party.<sup id="cite_ref-j27792286_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-j27792286-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This friendship proved beneficial to Kerner as it garnered him much support from local politicians, notably <a href="/wiki/Richard_J._Daley" title="Richard J. Daley">Richard J. Daley</a>, who supported Kerner as a Democratic nominee. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_career">Political career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Otto_Kerner_Jr.&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Political career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1947, Kerner was appointed <a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney" title="United States Attorney">United States Attorney</a> for the <a href="/wiki/U.S._District_Court_for_the_Northern_District_of_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Illinois">Northern District of Illinois</a>, a post which he held until 1954. He then became a judge in the <a href="/wiki/Illinois_Circuit_Court_of_Cook_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Illinois Circuit Court of Cook County">Illinois Circuit Court of Cook County</a> from 1954 to 1961. In both of those posts, Kerner was an advocate for reforming <a href="/wiki/Adoption" title="Adoption">adoption</a> laws and procedures. He also prosecuted famed automobile executive <a href="/wiki/Preston_Tucker" title="Preston Tucker">Preston Tucker</a> for fraud, but Tucker was acquitted. </p><p>He defeated incumbent <a href="/wiki/William_G._Stratton" class="mw-redirect" title="William G. Stratton">William G. Stratton</a> by more than 500,000 votes in the 1960 Illinois gubernatorial election and was re-elected in 1964, defeating moderate <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> <a href="/wiki/Charles_H._Percy" title="Charles H. Percy">Charles H. Percy</a>. As governor, Kerner promoted economic development, education, mental health services, and equal access to jobs and housing. Some of his major economic developments were when he won the contract to build the <a href="/wiki/Fermilab" title="Fermilab">Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-j27792286_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-j27792286-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1965 Kerner submitted an article called "Illinois Opens the Export Doors" in which he explained his goal to initiate the full employment granted by export trade citing a potential 250.000 workers that could be put to work.<sup id="cite_ref-Illinois_State_Historical_Society_1984_pp._318-329_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Illinois_State_Historical_Society_1984_pp._318-329-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The primary goal was job creation, which to him was achieved through the improvement of trade. As a result, Kerner funded an Illinois Committee for Trade Expansion. His first mission to Europe in 1963 saw an additional $5 million generated for Illinoisan agriculturists. At that time Japan was the state's largest trading partner, with $145 million of annual trade.<sup id="cite_ref-Illinois_State_Historical_Society_1984_pp._318-329_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Illinois_State_Historical_Society_1984_pp._318-329-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kerner saw Japan as a valuable asset and thus funded the Illinois Far Eastern Movement which included many corporate delegates. Relations with Japan remained good; the Japanese Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Eisaku_Sato" class="mw-redirect" title="Eisaku Sato">Eisaku Sato</a>, who had been previously invited by Kerner in 1965, gave an impressive speech in 1967 praising the State of Illinois for its continued trade with Japan.<sup id="cite_ref-Illinois_State_Historical_Society_1984_pp._318-329_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Illinois_State_Historical_Society_1984_pp._318-329-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Otto_Kerner_1967.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Otto_Kerner_1967.jpg/270px-Otto_Kerner_1967.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Otto_Kerner_1967.jpg/405px-Otto_Kerner_1967.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Otto_Kerner_1967.jpg/540px-Otto_Kerner_1967.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1339" /></a><figcaption>Kerner (center) meeting with <a href="/wiki/Roy_Wilkins" title="Roy Wilkins">Roy Wilkins</a> (left) and President Lyndon B. Johnson (right) at the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> in 1967.</figcaption></figure> <p>Kerner also proved competent in terms of welfare arrangements. Later on, his advances in mental health programs were so successful that they became a model for the coming national health reform. He served on the <a href="/wiki/National_Governors%27_Conference" class="mw-redirect" title="National Governors' Conference">National Governors' Conference</a> Executive Committee from 1967 to 1968, and chaired the Midwestern Governors' Conference that same year. In July 1967, President <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a> formed the <a href="/wiki/Kerner_Commission" title="Kerner Commission">National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders</a> and named Kerner its chairman.<sup id="cite_ref-'70s_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-'70s-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As chairman of the National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders, Kerner sent a number of letters to Lyndon Johnson urging him to increase the number of black officers in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a>, which was drastically low (Army 1.15%, Air Force 0.6%).<sup id="cite_ref-Harris_1988_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harris_1988-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also sent a number of letters to Attorney General <a href="/wiki/Ramsey_Clark" title="Ramsey Clark">Ramsey Clark</a> and Rosel H Hyde, Chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Communications_Commission" title="Federal Communications Commission">Federal Communications Commission</a>, pressing them for more effective radio equipment for the police force as well as improved riot training. The letters stressed the need to not overlook the major points of the Commission's findings but to use the lessons learned in the riots to further promote law and order across the nation.<sup id="cite_ref-Harris_1988_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harris_1988-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kerner did not run for a third term and resigned as governor on May 20, 1968, to accept a federal judicial appointment. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Federal_judicial_service">Federal judicial service</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Otto_Kerner_Jr.&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Federal judicial service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kerner was nominated by President <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a> on March 11, 1968, to a seat on the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Seventh_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit">United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit</a> vacated by Judge <a href="/wiki/Winfred_George_Knoch" title="Winfred George Knoch">Winfred George Knoch</a>. He was confirmed by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a> on April 11, 1968, and received his commission on April 22, 1968. His service terminated on July 22, 1974, due to his resignation.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Scandal_and_conviction">Scandal and conviction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Otto_Kerner_Jr.&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Scandal and conviction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1969, Marje Lindheimer Everett, manager of <a href="/wiki/Arlington_Park" title="Arlington Park">Arlington Park</a> and <a href="/wiki/Washington_Park_Race_Track" title="Washington Park Race Track">Washington Park</a> race tracks, engaged by federal prosecutors as an unindicted co-conspirator, was accused of bribing then-Governor Kerner and his Finance Director, Ted Isaacs, to gain choice racing dates for her Arlington Park racetrack. The alleged bribes were in the form of stock options in 1961 that Kerner bought at a reduced price and then sold in 1968 at a profit. The events came to light because Everett had deducted the value of the stock on her <a href="/wiki/Federal_income_tax" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal income tax">federal income tax</a> returns in the belief that the stock option was an ordinary business expense in Illinois. Everett denied at trial that she intended to bribe Kerner, and the government never identified her as a briber. </p><p>Even though Kerner reported the profits in his tax returns he was charged with bribery and retained Paul Connolly and Thomas Patton of <a href="/wiki/Williams_%26_Connolly" title="Williams & Connolly">Williams & Connolly</a> to represent him. Following a 1973 trial in which his prosecutors were future Illinois Republican governor <a href="/wiki/James_R._Thompson" class="mw-redirect" title="James R. Thompson">James R. Thompson</a> and future White House Chief of Staff, Republican <a href="/wiki/Samuel_K._Skinner" title="Samuel K. Skinner">Samuel K. Skinner</a>. Kerner was convicted on 17 counts of mail fraud, conspiracy, perjury, and related charges.<sup id="cite_ref-'70s_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-'70s-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On appeal 13 counts were overturned. Four counts of mail fraud were upheld. He was sentenced to three years in federal prison in Chicago and fined $50,000.<sup id="cite_ref-King_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-King-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Faced with almost certain impeachment, he resigned his position on the federal bench on July 22, 1974. </p><p>Kerner began his sentence at a minimum security <a href="/wiki/Federal_Medical_Center,_Lexington" title="Federal Medical Center, Lexington">Federal prison hospital</a> in <a href="/wiki/Lexington,_Kentucky" title="Lexington, Kentucky">Lexington, Kentucky</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-King_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-King-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was released early from prison when it was determined that he was suffering from terminal cancer.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Encyclopedia.com_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Encyclopedia.com-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Otto_Kerner_Jr.&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kerner died in Chicago on May 9, 1976. Due to his military service, he was interred at <a href="/wiki/Arlington_National_Cemetery" title="Arlington National Cemetery">Arlington National Cemetery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arlington_County,_Virginia" title="Arlington County, Virginia">Arlington County, Virginia</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards">Awards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Otto_Kerner_Jr.&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Otto Kerner was inducted as a Laureate of <a href="/wiki/The_Lincoln_Academy_of_Illinois" title="The Lincoln Academy of Illinois">The Lincoln Academy of Illinois</a> and awarded the Order of Lincoln (the State's highest honor) by the Governor of Illinois in 1977 in the area of Government.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Otto_Kerner_Jr.&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Encyclopedia.com-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Encyclopedia.com_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Encyclopedia.com_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBeetz2020" class="citation news cs1">Beetz, Kirk H. (March 31, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/kerner-otto-jr">"Kerner, Otto, Jr"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 12,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia.com&rft.atitle=Kerner%2C+Otto%2C+Jr.&rft.date=2020-03-31&rft.aulast=Beetz&rft.aufirst=Kirk+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.encyclopedia.com%2Fhumanities%2Fencyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps%2Fkerner-otto-jr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOtto+Kerner+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKerner1924" class="citation web cs1">Kerner (1924). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QV5Y-XFSH">"United States Passport Applications, 1795–1925"</a>. <i>FamilySearch</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FamilySearch&rft.atitle=United+States+Passport+Applications%2C+1795%E2%80%931925&rft.date=1924&rft.au=Kerner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffamilysearch.org%2Fark%3A%2F61903%2F1%3A1%3AQV5Y-XFSH&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOtto+Kerner+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKerner1852" class="citation web cs1">Kerner (1852). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-C91Z-49KY-2?from=lynx1UIV8&treeref=93PG-PGS">"Ronov nad Doubravou Church Records"</a>. <i>FamilySearch</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FamilySearch&rft.atitle=Ronov+nad+Doubravou+Church+Records&rft.date=1852&rft.au=Kerner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.familysearch.org%2Fark%3A%2F61903%2F3%3A1%3A3Q9M-C91Z-49KY-2%3Ffrom%3Dlynx1UIV8%26treeref%3D93PG-PGS&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOtto+Kerner+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ebadatelna.soapraha.cz/d/11168/44">"Státní oblastní archiv v Praze"</a>. <i>ebadatelna.soapraha.cz</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 22,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ebadatelna.soapraha.cz&rft.atitle=St%C3%A1tn%C3%AD+oblastn%C3%AD+archiv+v+Praze&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Febadatelna.soapraha.cz%2Fd%2F11168%2F44&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOtto+Kerner+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digi.ceskearchivy.cz/DA?menu=3&id=5260&page=185&x=2101&y=1322&z=53">"DigiArchiv of SRA Trebon – ver. 20.03.13"</a>. <i>digi.ceskearchivy.cz</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 22,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=digi.ceskearchivy.cz&rft.atitle=DigiArchiv+of+SRA+Trebon+%E2%80%93+ver.+20.03.13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigi.ceskearchivy.cz%2FDA%3Fmenu%3D3%26id%3D5260%26page%3D185%26x%3D2101%26y%3D1322%26z%3D53&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOtto+Kerner+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-j27792286-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-j27792286_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-j27792286_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-j27792286_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStern2017" class="citation journal cs1">Stern, Helena Kerner (May 5, 2017). "Personal information".</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Personal+information&rft.date=2017-05-05&rft.aulast=Stern&rft.aufirst=Helena+Kerner&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOtto+Kerner+Jr." class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.northwestern.edu/about/history/#:~:text=1969%20LLB%20replaced%20by%20JD,to%20holders%20of%20the%20LLB.">"History, About: Northwestern Pritzker School of Law"</a>. <i>www.law.northwestern.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 16,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.law.northwestern.edu&rft.atitle=History%2C+About%3A+Northwestern+Pritzker+School+of+Law&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.law.northwestern.edu%2Fabout%2Fhistory%2F%23%3A~%3Atext%3D1969%2520LLB%2520replaced%2520by%2520JD%2Cto%2520holders%2520of%2520the%2520LLB.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOtto+Kerner+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Illinois_State_Historical_Society_1984_pp._318-329-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Illinois_State_Historical_Society_1984_pp._318-329_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Illinois_State_Historical_Society_1984_pp._318-329_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Illinois_State_Historical_Society_1984_pp._318-329_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"1962–1976". <i>Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society</i>. <b>69</b> (4): 318–329. January 1, 1976. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40191414">40191414</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Illinois+State+Historical+Society&rft.atitle=1962%E2%80%931976&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=318-329&rft.date=1976-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40191414%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOtto+Kerner+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-'70s-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-'70s_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-'70s_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrum2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Frum" title="David Frum">Frum, David</a> (2000). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/howwegothere70sd00frum/page/29"><i>How We Got Here: The '70s</i></a></span>. New York, New York: Basic Books. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/howwegothere70sd00frum/page/29">29</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-465-04195-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-465-04195-7"><bdi>0-465-04195-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+We+Got+Here%3A+The+%2770s&rft.place=New+York%2C+New+York&rft.pages=29&rft.pub=Basic+Books&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-465-04195-7&rft.aulast=Frum&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhowwegothere70sd00frum%2Fpage%2F29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOtto+Kerner+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Harris_1988-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Harris_1988_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Harris_1988_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarrisWilkins1988" class="citation book cs1">Harris, Fred; Wilkins, Roger (1988). <i>Quiet Riots: Race and Poverty in the United States: The Kerner Report Twenty Years Later</i> (First ed.). New York: Pantheon Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0394574738" title="Special:BookSources/978-0394574738"><bdi>978-0394574738</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Quiet+Riots%3A+Race+and+Poverty+in+the+United+States%3A+The+Kerner+Report+Twenty+Years+Later&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=First&rft.pub=Pantheon+Books&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0394574738&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Fred&rft.au=Wilkins%2C+Roger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOtto+Kerner+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fjc.gov/node/1383266">Otto Kerner Jr.</a> at the <i><a href="/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_Federal_Judges" title="Biographical Directory of Federal Judges">Biographical Directory of Federal Judges</a></i>, a publication of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Judicial_Center" title="Federal Judicial Center">Federal Judicial Center</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-King-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-King_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-King_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKing1974" class="citation news cs1">King, Seth S. (July 29, 1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1974/07/29/archives/otto-kerner-goes-to-jail-today-his-onceshining-career-at-end-income.html">"Otto Kerner Goes to Jail Today, His Once-Shining Career at End"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. Chicago. p. 47<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 14,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Otto+Kerner+Goes+to+Jail+Today%2C+His+Once-Shining+Career+at+End&rft.pages=47&rft.date=1974-07-29&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=Seth+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1974%2F07%2F29%2Farchives%2Fotto-kerner-goes-to-jail-today-his-onceshining-career-at-end-income.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOtto+Kerner+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1976/05/10/archives/exgov-otto-kerner-dies-convicted-while-a-judge.html">"Ex-Gov. Otto Kerner Dies; Convicted While a Judge"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. Associated Press. May 10, 1976. p. 29.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Ex-Gov.+Otto+Kerner+Dies%3B+Convicted+While+a+Judge&rft.pages=29&rft.date=1976-05-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1976%2F05%2F10%2Farchives%2Fexgov-otto-kerner-dies-convicted-while-a-judge.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOtto+Kerner+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thelincolnacademyofillinois.org/4632-2/#toggle-id-39">"Laureates by Year – The Lincoln Academy of Illinois"</a>. <i>The Lincoln Academy of Illinois</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 4,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Lincoln+Academy+of+Illinois&rft.atitle=Laureates+by+Year+%E2%80%93+The+Lincoln+Academy+of+Illinois&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthelincolnacademyofillinois.org%2F4632-2%2F%23toggle-id-39&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOtto+Kerner+Jr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Otto_Kerner_Jr.&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fjc.gov/node/1383266">Otto Kerner Jr.</a> at the <i><a href="/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_Federal_Judges" title="Biographical Directory of Federal Judges">Biographical Directory of Federal Judges</a></i>, a publication of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Judicial_Center" title="Federal Judicial Center">Federal Judicial Center</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Otto_Kerner_Jr.&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Otto_Kerner_Jr." class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Otto Kerner Jr.">Otto Kerner Jr.</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arlingtoncemetery.net/okerner.htm">Otto Kerner marker at Arlington National Cemetery</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #DDCEF2;">Legal offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Albert Woll</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney" title="United States Attorney">United States Attorney</a> for the <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Northern_District_of_Illinois" title="United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois">Northern District of Illinois</a> </b><br />1947–1954 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Irwin Cohen</div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Winfred_George_Knoch" title="Winfred George Knoch">Winfred George Knoch</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <span class="nowrap">Judge of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Seventh_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit">United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit</a></span> </b><br />1968–1974 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_J._Bauer" title="William J. Bauer">William J. Bauer</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Richard_B._Austin" title="Richard B. Austin">Richard B. Austin</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> nominee for <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Illinois" title="Governor of Illinois">Governor of Illinois</a> </b><br /><a href="/wiki/1960_Illinois_gubernatorial_election" title="1960 Illinois gubernatorial election">1960</a>, <a href="/wiki/1964_Illinois_gubernatorial_election" title="1964 Illinois gubernatorial election">1964</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_H._Shapiro" class="mw-redirect" title="Samuel H. Shapiro">Samuel H. Shapiro</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_Stratton" title="William Stratton">William Stratton</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Governors of Illinois">Governor of Illinois</a> </b><br />1961–1968 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_H._Shapiro" class="mw-redirect" title="Samuel H. Shapiro">Samuel H. Shapiro</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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Edwards">Edwards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Reynolds_(Illinois_politician)" title="John Reynolds (Illinois politician)">Reynolds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lee_D._Ewing" title="William Lee D. Ewing">Ewing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Duncan_(politician)" title="Joseph Duncan (politician)">Duncan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Carlin" title="Thomas Carlin">Carlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Ford_(politician)" title="Thomas Ford (politician)">Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustus_C._French" title="Augustus C. French">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_Aldrich_Matteson" title="Joel Aldrich Matteson">Matteson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Bissell" title="William Henry Bissell">Bissell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wood_(governor)" title="John Wood (governor)">Wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Yates_(politician,_born_1815)" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Yates (politician, born 1815)">Yates Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_J._Oglesby" title="Richard J. Oglesby">Oglesby (1st time)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Palmer_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="John M. Palmer (politician)">Palmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_J._Oglesby" title="Richard J. Oglesby">Oglesby (2nd time)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lourie_Beveridge" title="John Lourie Beveridge">Beveridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelby_M._Cullom" title="Shelby M. Cullom">Cullom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Marshall_Hamilton" title="John Marshall Hamilton">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_J._Oglesby" title="Richard J. Oglesby">Oglesby (3rd time)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_W._Fifer" title="Joseph W. Fifer">Fifer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Peter_Altgeld" title="John Peter Altgeld">Altgeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Riley_Tanner" title="John Riley Tanner">Tanner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Yates_Jr." title="Richard Yates Jr.">Yates Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_S._Deneen" title="Charles S. Deneen">Deneen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Fitzsimmons_Dunne" title="Edward Fitzsimmons Dunne">Dunne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Orren_Lowden" class="mw-redirect" title="Frank Orren Lowden">Lowden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Len_Small" title="Len Small">Small</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Lincoln_Emmerson" title="Louis Lincoln Emmerson">Emmerson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Horner" title="Henry Horner">Horner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Stelle" title="John Henry Stelle">Stelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_H._Green" title="Dwight H. Green">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson_II" title="Adlai Stevenson II">Stevenson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Stratton" title="William Stratton">Stratton</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kerner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_H._Shapiro" class="mw-redirect" title="Samuel H. Shapiro">Shapiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_B._Ogilvie" title="Richard B. Ogilvie">Ogilvie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Walker_(politician)" title="Dan Walker (politician)">Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_R._Thompson" class="mw-redirect" title="James R. Thompson">Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Edgar" title="Jim Edgar">Edgar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Ryan" title="George Ryan">Ryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rod_Blagojevich" title="Rod Blagojevich">Blagojevich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Quinn_(politician)" title="Pat Quinn (politician)">Quinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Rauner" title="Bruce Rauner">Rauner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._B._Pritzker" title="J. B. Pritzker">Pritzker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Recipients_of_the_Soldier&#039;s_Medal" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Recipients_of_the_Soldier%27s_Medal" title="Template:Recipients of the Soldier's Medal"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Recipients_of_the_Soldier%27s_Medal" title="Template talk:Recipients of the Soldier's Medal"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Recipients_of_the_Soldier%27s_Medal" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Recipients of the Soldier's Medal"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Recipients_of_the_Soldier&#039;s_Medal" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Recipients of the <a href="/wiki/Soldier%27s_Medal" title="Soldier's Medal">Soldier's Medal</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marty_Allen" title="Marty Allen">Marty Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_Andreotta" title="Glenn Andreotta">Glenn Andreotta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clift_Andrus" title="Clift Andrus">Clift Andrus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Bank" title="Aaron Bank">Aaron Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Leroy_Bondsteel" title="James Leroy Bondsteel">James Leroy Bondsteel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Boswell" title="Leonard Boswell">Leonard Boswell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allison_Brooks" title="Allison Brooks">Allison Brooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Francis_Buckley" title="William Francis Buckley">William Francis Buckley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Cleland" title="Max Cleland">Max Cleland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Colburn" title="Lawrence Colburn">Lawrence Colburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Thomas_Corley" title="John Thomas Corley">John Thomas Corley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_A._Downing" title="Wayne A. Downing">Wayne A. Downing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Leslie_Futch" title="Theodore Leslie Futch">Theodore Leslie Futch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Galvin_(general)" title="John Galvin (general)">John Galvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elmer_Gedeon" title="Elmer Gedeon">Elmer Gedeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hershel_W._Gober" class="mw-redirect" title="Hershel W. Gober">Hershel W. Gober</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Goodman" title="John F. Goodman">John F. Goodman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_E._Grange_Jr." title="David E. Grange Jr.">David E. Grange Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Grady" title="Ed Grady">Ed Grady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Ellen_Greenwood" class="mw-redirect" title="Edith Ellen Greenwood">Edith Ellen Greenwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bo_Gritz" title="Bo Gritz">Bo Gritz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_W._Hartzog" title="William W. Hartzog">William W. Hartzog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Hayden" title="Mike Hayden">Mike Hayden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Herbert_(lieutenant_colonel)" title="Anthony Herbert (lieutenant colonel)">Anthony Herbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_J._Hessian" title="Patrick J. Hessian">Patrick J. Hessian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Holleder" title="Don Holleder">Don Holleder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Hoover" title="Bob Hoover">Bob Hoover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eli_D._Hoyle" title="Eli D. Hoyle">Eli D. Hoyle</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Otto Kerner Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_Kimsey" title="Melbourne Kimsey">Melbourne Kimsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darwin_K._Kyle" title="Darwin K. Kyle">Darwin K. Kyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_L._Lawson" title="Richard L. Lawson">Richard L. Lawson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reis_Leming" title="Reis Leming">Reis Leming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Andrew_MacGillivary" title="Charles Andrew MacGillivary">Charles Andrew MacGillivary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_A._Matheny" title="William A. Matheny">William A. Matheny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_J._McDonnell" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles J. McDonnell">Charles J. McDonnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_N._Merritt" title="Jack N. Merritt">Jack N. Merritt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_J._Meyer" title="Leo J. Meyer">Leo J. Meyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Mucci" title="Henry Mucci">Henry Mucci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_Mu%C3%B1iz" title="José Antonio Muñiz">José Antonio Muñiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Alexander_Parrott" title="Thomas Alexander Parrott">Thomas Alexander Parrott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_D._Peregory" title="Frank D. Peregory">Frank D. Peregory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Powell" title="Colin Powell">Colin Powell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_W._Rawlings" title="Edwin W. Rawlings">Edwin W. Rawlings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Scholtes" title="Richard Scholtes">Richard Scholtes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preston_Schoyer" title="Preston Schoyer">Preston Schoyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Silvasy_Jr." title="Stephen Silvasy Jr.">Stephen Silvasy Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_K._Singlaub" title="John K. Singlaub">John K. Singlaub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alek_Skarlatos" title="Alek Skarlatos">Alek Skarlatos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Speer" title="Christopher Speer">Christopher Speer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donn_A._Starry" title="Donn A. Starry">Donn A. Starry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Warren_Stilwell_Jr." title="Joseph Warren Stilwell Jr.">Joseph Warren Stilwell Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Tackaberry" title="Thomas Tackaberry">Thomas Tackaberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Thompson_Jr." title="Hugh Thompson Jr.">Hugh Thompson Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_L._Tinker" title="Clarence L. Tinker">Clarence L. Tinker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_L._Treadwell" title="Jack L. Treadwell">Jack L. Treadwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Valenzuela" title="Alfred Valenzuela">Alfred Valenzuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leon_L._Van_Autreve" title="Leon L. Van Autreve">Leon L. Van Autreve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Wade_(general)" class="mw-redirect" title="David Wade (general)">David Wade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Welch" title="Ron Welch">Ron Welch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brad_Wenstrup" title="Brad Wenstrup">Brad Wenstrup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Tankersley_Williams" title="Samuel Tankersley Williams">Samuel Tankersley Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_K._Wilson_Jr." title="Walter K. Wilson Jr.">Walter K. Wilson Jr.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div>Names are in alphabetical order</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q746960#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q746960#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q746960#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000020374174">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/13196152">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/23527/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJyWXCxtfxWdxTb8rqcpT3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/122640675">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n78025310">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810551744905606">Poland</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10581484">NARA</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6qr6pjn">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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