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href="#Population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Population </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Languages </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Member_states" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Member_states"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Member states </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Member_states-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Member states subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Member_states-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Members" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Members"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Members </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Members-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Observers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Observers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Observers </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Observers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Politics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Politics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Governance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Governance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Governance </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Governance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Role_of_African_Union" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Role_of_African_Union"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1.1 Role of African Union </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Role_of_African_Union-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Selection_of_the_chairperson" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Selection_of_the_chairperson"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Selection of the chairperson </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Selection_of_the_chairperson-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-List_of_chairpersons" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_chairpersons"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2.1 List of chairpersons </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_chairpersons-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Headquarters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Headquarters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Headquarters </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Headquarters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Espionage_accusations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Espionage_accusations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3.1 Espionage accusations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Espionage_accusations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-African_Union_summits" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#African_Union_summits"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4 African Union summits </div> </a> <ul id="toc-African_Union_summits-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Migration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Migration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Migration </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Migration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Foreign relations </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Foreign_relations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Foreign relations subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Foreign_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Africa–Caribbean_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Africa–Caribbean_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Africa–Caribbean relations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Africa–Caribbean_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Africa–China_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Africa–China_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Africa–China relations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Africa–China_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Africa–EU_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Africa–EU_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3 Africa–EU relations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Africa–EU_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Africa–India_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Africa–India_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.4 Africa–India relations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Africa–India_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Africa–Russia_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Africa–Russia_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.5 Africa–Russia relations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Africa–Russia_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Africa–South_Korea_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Africa–South_Korea_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.6 Africa–South Korea relations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Africa–South_Korea_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Africa–Turkey_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Africa–Turkey_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.7 Africa–Turkey relations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Africa–Turkey_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Africa–United_States_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Africa–United_States_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.8 Africa–United States relations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Africa–United_States_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Africa–Israel_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Africa–Israel_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.9 Africa–Israel relations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Africa–Israel_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Economy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Economy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Indicators" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indicators"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Indicators </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indicators-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Culture </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Culture subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Symbols" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Symbols"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 Symbols </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Symbols-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Celebration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Celebration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Celebration </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Celebration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Current_issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Current issues </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Current_issues-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Current issues subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Current_issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.1 Health </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-AIDS_in_Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#AIDS_in_Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.1.1 AIDS in Africa </div> </a> <ul id="toc-AIDS_in_Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-COVID-19_pandemic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#COVID-19_pandemic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.1.2 COVID-19 pandemic </div> </a> <ul id="toc-COVID-19_pandemic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Corruption" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Corruption"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.2 Corruption </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Corruption-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Libya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Libya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.3 Libya </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Libya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.4 Military </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Togo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Togo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.4.1 Togo </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Togo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mauritania" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mauritania"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.4.2 Mauritania </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mauritania-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mali" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mali"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.4.3 Mali </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mali-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2021_hotspots" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2021_hotspots"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.4.4 2021 hotspots </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2021_hotspots-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Coup_Belt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coup_Belt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.4.4.1 Coup Belt </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coup_Belt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regional_conflicts_and_peacekeeping" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regional_conflicts_and_peacekeeping"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Regional conflicts and peacekeeping </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Regional_conflicts_and_peacekeeping-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Regional conflicts and peacekeeping subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Regional_conflicts_and_peacekeeping-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Darfur,_Sudan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Darfur,_Sudan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13.1 Darfur, Sudan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Darfur,_Sudan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Somalia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Somalia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13.2 Somalia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Somalia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anjouan,_Comoros" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anjouan,_Comoros"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13.3 Anjouan, Comoros </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anjouan,_Comoros-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chagos_Islands_dispute" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chagos_Islands_dispute"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13.4 Chagos Islands dispute </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chagos_Islands_dispute-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15.1 Footnotes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15.2 Sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_and_cited_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_and_cited_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15.3 General and cited references </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_and_cited_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">African Union</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 155 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-155" aria-hidden="true" > 155 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrika-unie" title="Afrika-unie – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Afrika-unie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrikanische_Union" title="Afrikanische Union – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Afrikanische Union" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%A8%E1%8A%A0%E1%8D%8D%E1%88%AA%E1%8A%AB_%E1%8A%85%E1%89%A5%E1%88%A8%E1%89%B5" title="የአፍሪካ ኅብረት – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="የአፍሪካ ኅብረት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%8A" title="الاتحاد الإفريقي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الاتحاد الإفريقي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uni%C3%B3n_Africana" title="Unión Africana – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Unión Africana" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xuni%C3%B3n_Africana" title="Xunión Africana – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Xunión Africana" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81frika_Joaju" title="Áfrika Joaju – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Áfrika Joaju" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrika_%C4%B0ttifaq%C4%B1" title="Afrika İttifaqı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Afrika İttifaqı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%A8" title="আফ্রিকান ইউনিয়ন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আফ্রিকান ইউনিয়ন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hui-chiu_Li%C3%A2n-b%C3%AAng" title="Hui-chiu Liân-bêng – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hui-chiu Liân-bêng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%88%D0%BC%D3%99%D2%BB%D0%B5" title="Африка берләшмәһе – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Африка берләшмәһе" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%8E%D0%B7" title="Афрыканскі Саюз – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Афрыканскі Саюз" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%B7" title="Афрыканскі зьвяз – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Афрыканскі зьвяз" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%8A%D1%8E%D0%B7" title="Африкански съюз – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Африкански съюз" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afri%C4%8Dka_unija" title="Afrička unija – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Afrička unija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unaniezh_Afrika" title="Unaniezh Afrika – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Unaniezh Afrika" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Африкын Холбоон – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Африкын Холбоон" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uni%C3%B3_Africana" title="Unió Africana – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Unió Africana" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africk%C3%A1_unie" title="Africká unie – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Africká unie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yr_Undeb_Affricanaidd" title="Yr Undeb Affricanaidd – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Yr Undeb Affricanaidd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrikanske_Union" title="Afrikanske Union – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Afrikanske Union" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%8A" title="ليتيحاد ليفريقي – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="ليتيحاد ليفريقي" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrikanische_Union" title="Afrikanische Union – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Afrikanische Union" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aafrika_Liit" title="Aafrika Liit – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Aafrika Liit" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%86%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%88%CE%BD%CF%89%CF%83%CE%B7" title="Αφρικανική Ένωση – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αφρικανική Ένωση" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uni%C3%B3n_Africana" title="Unión Africana – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Unión Africana" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrika_Unio" title="Afrika Unio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Afrika Unio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrikako_Batasuna" title="Afrikako Batasuna – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Afrikako Batasuna" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gur mw-list-item"><a href="https://gur.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union – Frafra" lang="gur" hreflang="gur" data-title="African Union" data-language-autonym="Farefare" data-language-local-name="Frafra" class="interlanguage-link-target">Farefare</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%87_%D8%A2%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%82%D8%A7" title="اتحادیه آفریقا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اتحادیه آفریقا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="African Union" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrikanska_Samveldi%C3%B0" title="Afrikanska Samveldið – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Afrikanska Samveldið" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_africaine" title="Union africaine – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Union africaine" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrikaanske_Uny" title="Afrikaanske Uny – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Afrikaanske Uny" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aontas_Afracach" title="Aontas Afracach – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Aontas Afracach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrika_Birlii" title="Afrika Birlii – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Afrika Birlii" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagauz</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uni%C3%B3n_Africana" title="Unión Africana – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Unión Africana" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guw mw-list-item"><a href="https://guw.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%E1%BB%8Dnin%E1%BB%8D_M%E1%BA%B9yu_L%E1%BA%B9_T%E1%BB%8Dn" title="Pọninọ Mẹyu Lẹ Tọn – Gun" lang="guw" hreflang="guw" data-title="Pọninọ Mẹyu Lẹ Tọn" data-language-autonym="Gungbe" data-language-local-name="Gun" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gungbe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%B9%B4_%EC%97%B0%ED%95%A9" title="아프리카 연합 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아프리카 연합" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarayyar_Afrika" title="Tarayyar Afrika – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Tarayyar Afrika" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D6%86%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%84%D5%AB%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Աֆրիկյան Միություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Աֆրիկյան Միություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%98" title="अफ्रीकी संघ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अफ्रीकी संघ" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afri%C4%8Dka_unija" title="Afrička unija – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Afrička unija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrikana_Uniono" title="Afrikana Uniono – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Afrikana Uniono" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%BB%8Cch%E1%BB%8Bch%E1%BB%8B_ikike_mmad%E1%BB%A5_mpaghara" title="Ọchịchị ikike mmadụ mpaghara – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Ọchịchị ikike mmadụ mpaghara" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igbo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kappon_ti_Aprika" title="Kappon ti Aprika – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Kappon ti Aprika" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uni_Afrika" title="Uni Afrika – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Uni Afrika" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_African" title="Union African – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Union African" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="African Union" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%C3%A6%D0%B9%D1%8B_%D0%A6%C3%A6%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Африкæйы Цæдис – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Африкæйы Цæдис" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afr%C3%ADkusambandi%C3%B0" title="Afríkusambandið – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Afríkusambandið" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unione_africana" title="Unione africana – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Unione africana" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%99%D7%97%D7%95%D7%93_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%99" title="האיחוד האפריקאי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="האיחוד האפריקאי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uni_Afrika" title="Uni Afrika – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Uni Afrika" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrika_k%C9%A9kp%C9%9Bnd%CA%8A_%C5%8Bgb%C9%9By%C9%9B" title="Afrika kɩkpɛndʊ ŋgbɛyɛ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Afrika kɩkpɛndʊ ŋgbɛyɛ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%AB%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%92%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%9F" title="ಆಫ್ರಿಕನ್ ಒಕ್ಕೂಟ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಆಫ್ರಿಕನ್ ಒಕ್ಕೂಟ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Африкан бирлик – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Африкан бирлик" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Къарачай-малкъар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%A8%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="აფრიკის კავშირი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="აფრიკის კავშირი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D2%93%D1%8B" title="Африка одағы – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Африка одағы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unyans_Afrika" title="Unyans Afrika – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Unyans Afrika" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umoja_wa_Afrika" title="Umoja wa Afrika – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Umoja wa Afrika" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimvuka_ya_Afelika" title="Kimvuka ya Afelika – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Kimvuka ya Afelika" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kongo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yek%C3%AEtiya_Afr%C3%AEkay%C3%AA" title="Yekîtiya Afrîkayê – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Yekîtiya Afrîkayê" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Африка бирлиги – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Африка бирлиги" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_Africana" title="Union Africana – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Union Africana" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_Afrikana" title="Union Afrikana – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Union Afrikana" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unio_Africana" title="Unio Africana – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Unio Africana" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%80frikas_Savien%C4%ABba" title="Āfrikas Savienība – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Āfrikas Savienība" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrikanesch_Unioun" title="Afrikanesch Unioun – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Afrikanesch Unioun" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D3%80" title="Африкадин галкӀ – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Африкадин галкӀ" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лезги</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrikos_S%C4%85junga" title="Afrikos Sąjunga – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Afrikos Sąjunga" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrikaanse_Unie" title="Afrikaanse Unie – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Afrikaanse Unie" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisang%C3%A1_ya_Afr%C3%ADka" title="Lisangá ya Afríka – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Lisangá ya Afríka" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/friko_gunma" title="friko gunma – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="friko gunma" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target">La .lojban.</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Cniun_Africana" title="Üniun Africana – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Üniun Africana" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrikai_Uni%C3%B3" title="Afrikai Unió – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Afrikai Unió" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Африканска Унија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Африканска Унија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vondrona_Afrikana" title="Vondrona Afrikana – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Vondrona Afrikana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB" title="ആഫ്രിക്കൻ യൂണിയൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ആഫ്രിക്കൻ യൂണിയൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%98" title="आफ्रिकन संघ – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="आफ्रिकन संघ" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A1%E1%83%AE%E1%83%A3" title="აფრიკაშ რსხუ – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="აფრიკაშ რსხუ" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%89" title="الاتحاد الافريقى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الاتحاد الافريقى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%82%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%87" title="آفریقا اتحادیه – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="آفریقا اتحادیه" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kesatuan_Afrika" title="Kesatuan Afrika – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kesatuan Afrika" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ounion_Africana" title="Ounion Africana – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Ounion Africana" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE" title="Африкийн Холбоо – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Африкийн Холбоо" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%96%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%80%E1%80%9E%E1%80%99%E1%80%82%E1%80%B9%E1%80%82" title="အာဖရိကသမဂ္ဂ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အာဖရိကသမဂ္ဂ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrikaanse_Unie" title="Afrikaanse Unie – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Afrikaanse Unie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrikaanse_Unie" title="Afrikaanse Unie – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Afrikaanse Unie" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%98" title="अफ्रिकी सङ्घ – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="अफ्रिकी सङ्घ" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8" title="अफ्रिकन युनियन – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="अफ्रिकन युनियन" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%95%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB%E9%80%A3%E5%90%88" title="アフリカ連合 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アフリカ連合" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82" title="Африкин барт – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Африкин барт" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrikoonsk_Union" title="Afrikoonsk Union – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Afrikoonsk Union" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_afrikanske_union" title="Den afrikanske union – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Den afrikanske union" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_afrikanske_unionen" title="Den afrikanske unionen – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Den afrikanske unionen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_Africana" title="Union Africana – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Union Africana" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamtaa_Afrikaa" title="Gamtaa Afrikaa – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Gamtaa Afrikaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oromoo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrika_Ittifoqi" title="Afrika Ittifoqi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Afrika Ittifoqi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%98" title="ਅਫ਼ਰੀਕੀ ਸੰਘ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਅਫ਼ਰੀਕੀ ਸੰਘ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%82%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="افریقی اتحاد – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="افریقی اتحاد" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%82%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%87" title="د افریقا اتحادیه – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د افریقا اتحادیه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_African-a" title="Union African-a – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Union African-a" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrikaansche_Union" title="Afrikaansche Union – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Afrikaansche Union" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unia_Afryka%C5%84ska" title="Unia Afrykańska – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Unia Afrykańska" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uni%C3%A3o_Africana" title="União Africana – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="União Africana" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrika_Awqam%C4%B1" title="Afrika Awqamı – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Afrika Awqamı" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrika_Birligi" title="Afrika Birligi – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Afrika Birligi" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniunea_African%C4%83" title="Uniunea Africană – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Uniunea Africană" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Африцька унія – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Африцька унія" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%8E%D0%B7" title="Африканский союз – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Африканский союз" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BEh%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Африка Холбоhуга – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Африка Холбоhуга" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1_%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B1" title="ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱤᱭᱩᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱤᱭᱩᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unione_africana" title="Unione africana – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Unione africana" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="African Union" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="African Union" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sesotho sa Leboa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union – Tswana" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="African Union" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="Tswana" class="interlanguage-link-target">Setswana</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bashkimi_Afrikan" title="Bashkimi Afrikan – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Bashkimi Afrikan" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="African Union" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%DA%AA%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="آفريڪي اتحاد – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="آفريڪي اتحاد" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africk%C3%A1_%C3%BAnia" title="Africká únia – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Africká únia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afri%C5%A1ka_unija" title="Afriška unija – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Afriška unija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midowga_Afrika" title="Midowga Afrika – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Midowga Afrika" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%DB%95%DA%A9%DB%8E%D8%AA%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%82%D8%A7" title="یەکێتیی ئەفریقا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="یەکێتیی ئەفریقا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Афричка унија – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Афричка унија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afri%C4%8Dka_unija" title="Afrička unija – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Afrička unija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uni_Afrika" title="Uni Afrika – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Uni Afrika" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrikan_unioni" title="Afrikan unioni – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Afrikan unioni" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrikanska_unionen" title="Afrikanska unionen – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Afrikanska unionen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unyong_Aprikano" title="Unyong Aprikano – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Unyong Aprikano" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95_%E0%AE%92%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="ஆப்பிரிக்க ஒன்றியம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஆப்பிரிக்க ஒன்றியம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aun%C3%ACone_Africane" title="Aunìone Africane – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Aunìone Africane" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tarandíne</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5" title="Африка Берлеге – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Африка Берлеге" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2" title="สหภาพแอฟริกา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สหภาพแอฟริกา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akutmatic_Apir%C3%AFka" title="Akutmatic Apirïka – Dinka" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Akutmatic Apirïka" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="Dinka" class="interlanguage-link-target">Thuɔŋjäŋ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B8%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D2%9B%D0%BE" title="Иттиҳоди Африқо – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Иттиҳоди Африқо" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrika_Birli%C4%9Fi" title="Afrika Birliği – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Afrika Birliği" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrika_Bilele%C5%9Figi" title="Afrika Bileleşigi – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Afrika Bileleşigi" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%8E%D0%B7" title="Африканський Союз – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Африканський Союз" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%82%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="افریقی اتحاد – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="افریقی اتحاد" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_Africana" title="Union Africana – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Union Africana" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%C3%AAn_minh_ch%C3%A2u_Phi" title="Liên minh châu Phi – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Liên minh châu Phi" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afriga_Liit" title="Afriga Liit – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Afriga Liit" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unyon_Aprikana" title="Unyon Aprikana – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Unyon Aprikana" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F" title="非洲联盟 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="非洲联盟" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nhlangono_wa_matiko_ya_Afrika" title="Nhlangono wa matiko ya Afrika – Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Nhlangono wa matiko ya Afrika" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Xitsonga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%A2%D7%A8_%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%93" title="אפריקאנער פארבאנד – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אפריקאנער פארבאנד" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8C%E1%B9%A3%E1%BB%8D%CC%80kan_%C3%81fr%C3%ADk%C3%A0" title="Ìṣọ̀kan Áfríkà – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ìṣọ̀kan Áfríkà" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F" title="非洲聯盟 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="非洲聯盟" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yewiya_Afrika" title="Yewiya Afrika – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Yewiya Afrika" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afr%C4%97kas_S%C4%81jonga" title="Afrėkas Sājonga – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Afrėkas Sājonga" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F" title="非洲联盟 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="非洲联盟" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ntitiin%CC%84_Afirika" title="Ntitiin̄ Afirika – Obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Ntitiin̄ Afirika" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="Obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Obolo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uni_Afrika" title="Uni Afrika – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Uni Afrika" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target">Batak Mandailing</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gpe mw-list-item"><a href="https://gpe.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union – Ghanaian Pidgin" lang="gpe" hreflang="gpe" data-title="African Union" data-language-autonym="Ghanaian Pidgin" data-language-local-name="Ghanaian Pidgin" 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article"><img alt="Listen to this article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/20px-Sound-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/30px-Sound-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/40px-Sound-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="96" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_the_African_Union&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of the African Union">Politics of the African Union</a>)</div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Continental union of African states</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the predecessor organisation, see <a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_African_Unity" title="Organisation of African Unity">Organisation of African Unity</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media 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.ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">African Union</div><div class="ib-country-names"> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 100%;font-size: 88%;text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; border-top: 0px;"> </th></tr> <tr style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa"> <th style="padding-left:0.5em"><a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a> </th> <td>الاتحاد الأفريقي </td></tr> <tr style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa"> <th style="padding-left:0.5em"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a> </th> <td>Unión Africana </td></tr> <tr style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa"> <th style="padding-left:0.5em"><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> </th> <td>Union africaine </td></tr> <tr style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa"> <th style="padding-left:0.5em"><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a> </th> <td>União Africana </td></tr> <tr style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa"> <th style="padding-left:0.5em"><a href="/wiki/Swahili_language" title="Swahili language">Swahili</a> </th> <td>Umoja wa Afrika </td></tr> </tbody></table></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px 3px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of the African Union"><img alt="Flag of the African Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg/125px-Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg/188px-Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg/250px-Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></div> </div> <div><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_African_Union" title="Flag of the African Union">Flag</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Motto: "A United and Strong Africa"</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data anthem">Anthem: "<a href="/wiki/Let_Us_All_Unite_and_Celebrate_Together" title="Let Us All Unite and Celebrate Together">Let Us All Unite and Celebrate Together</a>"<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"></div><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;margin-top:0em;"> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_the_African_Union_with_Suspended_States.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="An orthographic projection of the world, highlighting the African Union and its member states (green)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Map_of_the_African_Union_with_Suspended_States.svg/220px-Map_of_the_African_Union_with_Suspended_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Map_of_the_African_Union_with_Suspended_States.svg/330px-Map_of_the_African_Union_with_Suspended_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Map_of_the_African_Union_with_Suspended_States.svg/440px-Map_of_the_African_Union_with_Suspended_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a><div class="ib-country-map-caption"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style>  Member states <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">  Suspended states</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political centres</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa" title="Addis Ababa">Addis Ababa</a>a</li><li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a>b</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Largest urban agglomerations</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Lagos" title="Lagos">Lagos</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Swahili_language" title="Swahili language">Swahili</a></li><li>and any other <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Africa" title="Languages of Africa">African language</a><a href="#cite_note-au.int-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-:4-3">[3]</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/African_people" class="mw-redirect" title="African people">African</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Continental_union" title="Continental union">Continental union</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Membership</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal;"><div><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_African_Union" title="Member states of the African Union">55 member states</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/23px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/35px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/45px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/23px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/35px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/45px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Botswana.svg/23px-Flag_of_Botswana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Botswana.svg/35px-Flag_of_Botswana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Botswana.svg/45px-Flag_of_Botswana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/23px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/35px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/45px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a><a href="#cite_note-sp-4">[note 1]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Burundi.svg/23px-Flag_of_Burundi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Burundi.svg/35px-Flag_of_Burundi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Burundi.svg/46px-Flag_of_Burundi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1020" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde" title="Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic" title="Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros">Comoros</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/31px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/23px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/35px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/45px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg/23px-Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg/35px-Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg/45px-Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Equatorial_Guinea" title="Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Eritrea.svg/23px-Flag_of_Eritrea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Eritrea.svg/35px-Flag_of_Eritrea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Eritrea.svg/46px-Flag_of_Eritrea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Eswatini.svg/23px-Flag_of_Eswatini.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Eswatini.svg/35px-Flag_of_Eswatini.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Eswatini.svg/45px-Flag_of_Eswatini.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini">Eswatini</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Gabon.svg/20px-Flag_of_Gabon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Gabon.svg/31px-Flag_of_Gabon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Gabon.svg/40px-Flag_of_Gabon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a><a href="#cite_note-sp-4">[note 1]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg/23px-Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg/35px-Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg/45px-Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/The_Gambia" title="The Gambia">Gambia</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/45px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a><a href="#cite_note-sp-4">[note 1]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/46px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/23px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/35px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/45px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/45px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_Lesotho.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lesotho.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_Lesotho.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lesotho.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_Lesotho.svg/45px-Flag_of_Lesotho.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Liberia_23px.svg/23px-Flag_of_Liberia_23px.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Liberia_23px.svg/35px-Flag_of_Liberia_23px.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Liberia_23px.svg/46px-Flag_of_Liberia_23px.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1255" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberia</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/46px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /> <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/45px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Malawi.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malawi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Malawi.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malawi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Malawi.svg/45px-Flag_of_Malawi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a><a href="#cite_note-sp-4">[note 1]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Mauritius.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mauritius.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Mauritius.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mauritius.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Mauritius.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mauritius.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/23px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/35px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/45px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/18px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/27px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/35px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a><a href="#cite_note-sp-4">[note 1]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/23px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/35px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/45px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" title="Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic">Sahrawi Republic</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg/23px-Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg/35px-Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg/46px-Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Seychelles.svg/23px-Flag_of_Seychelles.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Seychelles.svg/35px-Flag_of_Seychelles.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Seychelles.svg/46px-Flag_of_Seychelles.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg/45px-Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg/46px-Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1140" data-file-height="570" /> <a href="/wiki/South_Sudan" title="South Sudan">South Sudan</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a><a href="#cite_note-sp-4">[note 1]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/45px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/46px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a> </li></ul> </div> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal;"><div>9 observer states</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a><a href="#cite_note-sp-4">[note 1]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /> <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/46px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">Palestine</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /> <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Leaders</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Chairperson_of_the_African_Union" title="Chairperson of the African Union">Chairperson</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Ould_Ghazouani" title="Mohamed Ould Ghazouani">Mohamed Ould Ghazouani</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Chairperson_of_the_African_Union_Commission" title="Chairperson of the African Union Commission">Commission Chairperson</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Moussa_Faki" title="Moussa Faki">Moussa Faki</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[4]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Pan-African_Parliament#Presidents_of_the_Pan-African_Parliament" title="Pan-African Parliament">Parliamentary President</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fortune_Z._Charumbira" title="Fortune Z. Charumbira">Fortune Z. Charumbira</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Legislature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pan-African_Parliament" title="Pan-African Parliament">Pan-African Parliament</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Establishment</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_African_Unity" title="Organisation of African Unity">OAU Charter</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">25 May 1963</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Abuja_Treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="Abuja Treaty">Abuja Treaty</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">3 June 1991</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Sirte_Declaration" title="Sirte Declaration">Sirte Declaration</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">9 September 1999</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• African Union founded </div></th><td class="infobox-data">July 9, 2002; 22 years ago (2002-07-09)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/History_of_South_Sudan" title="History of South Sudan">Admission of</a> <a href="/wiki/South_Sudan" title="South Sudan">South Sudan</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">9 July 2011</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_African_Union" title="Member states of the African Union">Admission of</a> <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">31 January 2017</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/African_Continental_Free_Trade_Area" title="African Continental Free Trade Area">African Continental Free Trade Area</a> (AfCFTA) </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1 January 2021</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_African_Union" title="Geography of the African Union">Area </a></th></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">29,922,059<a href="#cite_note-Stat2016-6">[5]</a> km2 (11,552,972 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 2024 estimate</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 1,494,988,668 <a href="#cite_note-7">[6]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>(<a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">PPP</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data">2024 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> $8.990 trillion<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEOAU-8">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-exclusion-9">[note 2]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> $6,330<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEOAU-8">[7]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(nominal)</th><td class="infobox-data">2024 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> $2.81 trillion<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEOAU-8">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-exclusion-9">[note 2]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> $1,960<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEOAU-8">[7]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(2020)</th><td class="infobox-data">0.577 <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style>medium</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Country_code_top-level_domain" title="Country code top-level domain">Internet TLD</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/.africa" title=".africa">.africa</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="ib-country-website">Website <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://au.int">au.int</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="ib-country-fn"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>a Seat of the <a href="/wiki/African_Union_Commission" title="African Union Commission">African Union Commission</a>.</li><li>b Seat of the <a href="/wiki/Pan-African_Parliament" title="Pan-African Parliament">Pan-African Parliament</a>.</li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> The African Union (AU) is a <a href="/wiki/Continental_union" title="Continental union">continental union</a> of 55 member states<a href="#cite_note-10">[8]</a> located on the continent of <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>. The AU was announced in the <a href="/wiki/Sirte_Declaration" title="Sirte Declaration">Sirte Declaration</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sirte,_Libya" class="mw-redirect" title="Sirte, Libya">Sirte, Libya</a>, on 9 September 1999, calling for the establishment of the African Union. The bloc was launched on 9 July 2002 in <a href="/wiki/Durban" title="Durban">Durban</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-African_Union_2002-11">[9]</a> The intention of the AU was to replace the <a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_African_Unity" title="Organisation of African Unity">Organisation of African Unity</a> (OAU), established on 25 May 1963 in <a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa" title="Addis Ababa">Addis Ababa</a> by 32 signatory governments; the OAU was disbanded on 9 July 2002. The most important decisions of the AU are made by the <a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_the_African_Union" title="Assembly of the African Union">Assembly of the African Union</a>, a semi-annual meeting of the heads of state and <a href="/wiki/Government" title="Government">government</a> of its member states. The AU's secretariat, the <a href="/wiki/African_Union_Commission" title="African Union Commission">African Union Commission</a>, is based in <a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa" title="Addis Ababa">Addis Ababa</a>. The largest city in the AU is <a href="/wiki/Lagos,_Nigeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Lagos, Nigeria">Lagos, Nigeria</a> while the <a href="/wiki/List_of_urban_areas_in_Africa_by_population" title="List of urban areas in Africa by population">largest urban agglomeration</a> is <a href="/wiki/Cairo,_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Cairo, Egypt">Cairo, Egypt</a>. The African Union has more than 1.3 billion people and an area of around 30 million km2 (12 million sq mi) and includes world landmarks such as the <a href="/wiki/Sahara" title="Sahara">Sahara</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Nile" title="Nile">Nile</a>.<a href="#cite_note-12">[10]</a> The primary working languages are <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a>, <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Swahili_language" title="Swahili language">Swahili</a>.<a href="#cite_note-au.int-2">[2]</a> Within the African Union, there are official bodies, such as the <a href="/wiki/Peace_and_Security_Council" title="Peace and Security Council">Peace and Security Council</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Pan-African_Parliament" title="Pan-African Parliament">Pan-African Parliament</a>. At a <a href="/wiki/G20" title="G20">G20</a> (Group of 20) meeting held in <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> in 2023, the African Union was admitted as a member to the G20 like the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>.<a href="#cite_note-13">[11]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=African_Union&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview">edit</a>]</div> The objectives of the African Union are:<a href="#cite_note-14">[12]</a> <ol><li>To achieve greater unity, cohesion and solidarity among the African countries and <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">African</a> nations.</li> <li>To defend the sovereignty, <a href="/wiki/Territorial_integrity" title="Territorial integrity">territorial integrity</a> and independence of its Member States.</li> <li>To accelerate the political and social-economic integration of the continent.</li> <li>To promote and defend <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">African</a> common positions on issues of interest to the continent and its peoples.</li> <li>To encourage international cooperation, taking due account of the <a href="/wiki/Charter_of_the_United_Nations" title="Charter of the United Nations">Charter of the United Nations</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights" title="Universal Declaration of Human Rights">Universal Declaration of Human Rights</a>.</li> <li>To promote peace, security, and stability on the continent.</li> <li>To promote democratic principles and institutions, popular participation and good governance.</li> <li>To promote and protect human and peoples' rights in accordance with the <a href="/wiki/African_Charter_on_Human_and_Peoples%27_Rights" title="African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights">African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights</a> and other relevant <a href="/wiki/International_human_rights_instruments" title="International human rights instruments">human rights instruments</a>.</li> <li>To establish the necessary conditions which enable the continent to play its rightful role in the global economy and in international negotiations.</li> <li>To promote <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_development" title="Sustainable development">sustainable development</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Economic,_social_and_cultural_rights" title="Economic, social and cultural rights">economic, social and cultural levels</a> as well as the integration of African economies.</li> <li>To promote co-operation in all fields of human activity to raise the <a href="/wiki/Standard_of_living" title="Standard of living">living standards</a> of African people.</li> <li>To coordinate and harmonise the policies between the existing and future <a href="/wiki/Regional_Economic_Communities" title="Regional Economic Communities">Regional Economic Communities</a> for the gradual attainment of the objectives of the Union.</li> <li>To advance the development of the continent by promoting research in all fields, in particular in science and technology.</li> <li>To work with relevant international partners in the eradication of preventable diseases and the promotion of good health on the continent.</li></ol> The African Union is made up of both political and administrative bodies. The highest decision-making organ is the <a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_the_African_Union" title="Assembly of the African Union">Assembly of the African Union</a>, made up of all the heads of state or government of member states of the AU. The Assembly is chaired by <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Tshisekedi" title="Félix Tshisekedi">Félix Tshisekedi</a>, President of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a>. The AU also has a representative body, the <a href="/wiki/Pan-African_Parliament" title="Pan-African Parliament">Pan-African Parliament</a>, which consists of 265 members elected by the national legislatures of the AU member states. Its president is <a href="/wiki/Roger_Nkodo_Dang" title="Roger Nkodo Dang">Roger Nkodo Dang</a>. Other political institutions of the AU include: <ul><li>the <a href="/wiki/Executive_Council_of_the_African_Union" title="Executive Council of the African Union">Executive Council</a>, made up of <a href="/wiki/Foreign_minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign minister">foreign ministers</a>, which prepares decisions for the Assembly;</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Permanent_Representatives%27_Committee_of_the_African_Union" title="Permanent Representatives' Committee of the African Union">Permanent Representatives Committee</a>, made up of the ambassadors to <a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa" title="Addis Ababa">Addis Ababa</a> of AU member states; and</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Economic,_Social,_and_Cultural_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic, Social, and Cultural Council">Economic, Social, and Cultural Council</a> (ECOSOCC), a civil society consultative body.</li></ul> The <a href="/wiki/African_Union_Commission" title="African Union Commission">AU Commission</a>, the secretariat to the political structures, is chaired by <a href="/wiki/Nkosazana_Dlamini-Zuma" title="Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma">Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma</a> of South Africa. On 15 July 2012, Dlamini-Zuma won a tightly contested vote to become the first female head of the African Union Commission, replacing <a href="/wiki/Jean_Ping" title="Jean Ping">Jean Ping</a> of <a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a>. Other AU structures are hosted by different member states: <ul><li>the <a href="/wiki/African_Commission_on_Human_and_Peoples%27_Rights" title="African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights">African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights</a> is based in <a href="/wiki/Banjul" title="Banjul">Banjul</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Gambia" title="The Gambia">the Gambia</a>; and</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/New_Partnership_for_Africa%27s_Development" title="New Partnership for Africa's Development">New Partnership for Africa's Development</a> (NEPAD) and <a href="/wiki/APRM" class="mw-redirect" title="APRM">APRM</a> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/secretariat" class="extiw" title="wikt:secretariat">Secretariats</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Pan-African_Parliament" title="Pan-African Parliament">Pan-African Parliament</a> are in <a href="/wiki/Midrand" title="Midrand">Midrand</a>, South Africa.</li></ul> The AU's first military intervention in a member state was the May 2003 deployment of a peacekeeping force of soldiers from South Africa, <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a> to oversee the implementation of the various agreements in <a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi</a>. AU troops were also deployed in the <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a> for peacekeeping during the <a href="/wiki/War_in_Darfur" title="War in Darfur">Darfur Conflict</a>, before the mission was handed over to the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> on 1 January 2008 via <a href="/wiki/United_Nations%E2%80%93African_Union_Mission_in_Darfur" title="United Nations–African Union Mission in Darfur">UNAMID</a>. The AU has a peacekeeping mission in <a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a>, consisting of troops from <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a> and Burundi.<a href="#cite_note-15">[13]</a> The AU has adopted a number of important new documents establishing norms at continental level, to supplement those already in force when it was created. These include the <a href="/wiki/African_Union_Convention_on_Preventing_and_Combating_Corruption" title="African Union Convention on Preventing and Combating Corruption">African Union Convention on Preventing and Combating Corruption</a> (2003), the African Charter on Democracy, Elections and Governance (2007), the <a href="/wiki/New_Partnership_for_Africa%27s_Development" title="New Partnership for Africa's Development">New Partnership for Africa's Development</a> (NEPAD) and its associated Declaration on Democracy, Political, Economic and Corporate Governance.<a href="#cite_note-16">[14]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=African_Union&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_African_Union" title="History of the African Union">History of the African Union</a> and <a href="/wiki/History_of_Africa" title="History of Africa">History of Africa</a></div> The historical foundations of the African Union originated in the First Congress of Independent African States, held in <a href="/wiki/Accra" title="Accra">Accra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a> from 15 to 22 April 1958. The conference was aimed at establishing <a href="/wiki/Africa_Day" title="Africa Day">Africa Day</a> to annually mark the liberation movement concerning the willingness of the African people to free themselves from colonial rule, as well as subsequent attempts to unite Africa, including the <a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_African_Unity" title="Organisation of African Unity">Organisation of African Unity</a> (OAU), which was established on 25 May 1963, and the <a href="/wiki/African_Economic_Community" title="African Economic Community">African Economic Community</a> in 1991.<a href="#cite_note-17">[15]</a> Critics argued that the OAU in particular did little to protect the rights and liberties of African citizens from their own political leaders, often dubbing it the "Dictators' Club".<a href="#cite_note-bbc2115736-18">[16]</a> The idea of creating the AU was revived in the mid-1990s under the leadership of Libyan head of state <a href="/wiki/Muammar_al-Gaddafi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muammar al-Gaddafi">Muammar al-Gaddafi</a>;<a href="#cite_note-19">[17]</a> the heads of state and governments of the OAU issued the <a href="/wiki/Sirte_Declaration" title="Sirte Declaration">Sirte Declaration</a> (named after Sirte, Libya) on 9 September 1999, calling for the establishment of an African Union.<a href="#cite_note-20">[18]</a> The Declaration was followed by summits at <a href="/wiki/Lom%C3%A9" title="Lomé">Lomé</a> in 2000, when the <a href="/wiki/Constitutive_Act_of_the_African_Union" title="Constitutive Act of the African Union">Constitutive Act of the African Union</a> was adopted, and at <a href="/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka">Lusaka</a> in 2001, when the plan for the implementation of the African Union was adopted. During the same period, the initiative for the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/New_Partnership_for_Africa%27s_Development" title="New Partnership for Africa's Development">New Partnership for Africa's Development</a> (NEPAD) was also established.<a href="#cite_note-21">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[20]</a> The African Union was launched in <a href="/wiki/Durban" title="Durban">Durban</a> on 9 July 2002 by its first chairperson, former South African head of state <a href="/wiki/Thabo_Mbeki" title="Thabo Mbeki">Thabo Mbeki</a>, at the first session of the Assembly of the African Union.<a href="#cite_note-23">[21]</a> The second session of the Assembly was held in <a href="/wiki/Maputo" title="Maputo">Maputo</a> in 2003 and the third session in <a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa" title="Addis Ababa">Addis Ababa</a> was held on 6 July 2004. Since 2010, the African Union eyes the establishment of a joint African <a href="/wiki/Space_agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Space agency">space agency</a>.<a href="#cite_note-24">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[25]</a> <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> was the first-ever sitting United States president to speak in front of the African Union in Addis Ababa on 29 July 2015. During his speech, he encouraged the world to increase economic ties via investments and trade with the <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Africa" title="Outline of Africa">continent</a> and lauded the signs of progress made in <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Africa" title="Education in Africa">education</a>, infrastructure and <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Africa" title="Economy of Africa">economy</a>. However, he also criticized a lack of democracy and leaders who refuse to step down, discrimination against minorities (including <a href="/wiki/LGBT" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT">LGBT</a> people, religious groups and ethnicities) and corruption. He suggested an intensified <a href="/wiki/Democratization" title="Democratization">democratization</a> and free trade to significantly increase living quality for Africans.<a href="#cite_note-28">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[27]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Treaties">Treaties</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=African_Union&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Treaties">edit</a>]</div> <table width="70%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="1" style="font-size:88%; line-height:1.2em; text-align:center; margin:0"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> <td style="text-align:right">Signed In force <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_African_Union" title="History of the African Union">Document</a> </td> <td width="10%" style="border-left:1px solid #C7C7C7">1961 1962 </td> <td width="40%" style="border-left:1px solid #C7C7C7">1963 1965 OAU Charter </td> <td width="20%" style="border-left:1px solid #C7C7C7">1991 N/A <a href="/wiki/Abuja_Treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="Abuja Treaty">Abuja Treaty</a> </td> <td width="10%" colspan="1" style="border-left:1px solid #C7C7C7">1999 2002 <a href="/wiki/Sirte_Declaration" title="Sirte Declaration">Sirte Declaration</a> </td> <td width="5%" rowspan="1" style="padding:0"><a href="/wiki/File:Pix.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="1" height="1" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a> </td> <td rowspan="1" style="padding:0"><a href="/wiki/File:Pix.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="1" height="1" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a> </td> <td rowspan="1" style="padding:0"><a href="/wiki/File:Pix.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="1" height="1" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a> </td> <td rowspan="1" style="padding:0"><a href="/wiki/File:Pix.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="1" height="1" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a> </td> <td rowspan="1" style="padding:0"><a href="/wiki/File:Pix.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="1" height="1" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a> </td> <td rowspan="1" style="padding:0"><a href="/wiki/File:Pix.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="1" height="1" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a> </td> <td rowspan="1" style="padding:0"><a href="/wiki/File:Pix.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="1" height="1" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a> </td> <td rowspan="1" style="padding:0"><a href="/wiki/File:Pix.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="1" height="1" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="13">  </td> <td style="border-left:1px solid #C7C7C7">  </td> <td style="border-left:1px solid #C7C7C7">  </td> <td style="border-left:1px solid #C7C7C7">  </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-left:1px solid #C7C7C7; border-bottom:3px solid #449001"> </td> <td colspan="1" style="border-bottom:3px solid #589C1D"> </td> <td colspan="1" style="border-bottom:3px solid #6DA839"> </td> <td colspan="1" style="border-bottom:3px solid #82B555"> </td> <td colspan="1" style="border-bottom:3px solid #97C171"> </td> <td colspan="1" style="border-bottom:3px solid #ABCD8E"> </td> <td colspan="1" style="border-bottom:3px solid #C0DAAA"> </td> <td colspan="1" style="border-bottom:3px solid #D5E6C6"> </td> <td colspan="1" style="border-bottom:3px solid #EAF2E2"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid #C7C7C7">  </td> <td rowspan="11" colspan="1" style="background:#44B12B"><a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_African_Unity" title="Organisation of African Unity">Organisation of African Unity</a> (OAU) </td> <td colspan="1" style="background:#464646; border-left:3px solid #464646; border-right:3px solid #464646"><a href="/wiki/African_Economic_Community" title="African Economic Community">African Economic Community:</a> (AEC) </td> <td colspan="1" style="background:#464646; border-left:3px solid #449001; border-right:3px solid #464646"> </td> <td rowspan="11" style="background:#449001"> </td> <td rowspan="11" style="background:#589C1D; padding:0"> </td> <td rowspan="11" style="background:#6DA839; padding:0"> </td> <td rowspan="11" style="background:#82B555; padding:0"> </td> <td rowspan="11" style="background:#97C171; padding:0"> </td> <td rowspan="11" style="background:#ABCD8E; padding:0"> </td> <td rowspan="11" style="background:#C0DAAA; padding:0"> </td> <td rowspan="11" style="background:#D5E6C6; padding:0"> </td> <td rowspan="11" style="background:#EAF2E2; padding:0"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid #C7C7C7">  </td> <td colspan="1" style="background:#42B995; border-left:3px solid #464646"><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Sahel%E2%80%93Saharan_States" title="Community of Sahel–Saharan States">Community of Sahel–Saharan States</a> (CEN-SAD) </td> <td colspan="1" style="background:#42B995; border-left:3px solid #449001; border-right:3px solid #464646"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid #C7C7C7">  </td> <td colspan="1" style="background:#E6E600; border-left:3px solid #464646"><a href="/wiki/Common_Market_for_Eastern_and_Southern_Africa" title="Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa">Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa</a> (COMESA) </td> <td colspan="1" style="background:#E6E600; border-left:3px solid #449001; border-right:3px solid #464646"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid #C7C7C7">  </td> <td colspan="1" style="background:#93DAE7; border-left:3px solid #464646"><a href="/wiki/East_African_Community" title="East African Community">East African Community</a> (EAC) </td> <td colspan="1" style="background:#93DAE7; border-left:3px solid #449001; border-right:3px solid #464646"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid #C7C7C7">  </td> <td colspan="1" style="background:#D4BE00; border-left:3px solid #464646"><a href="/wiki/Economic_Community_of_Central_African_States" title="Economic Community of Central African States">Economic Community of Central African States</a> (ECCAS) </td> <td colspan="1" style="background:#D4BE00; border-left:3px solid #449001; border-right:3px solid #464646"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid #C7C7C7">  </td> <td colspan="1" style="background:#AD76C9; border-left:3px solid #464646"><a href="/wiki/Economic_Community_of_West_African_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic Community of West African States">Economic Community of West African States</a> (ECOWAS) </td> <td colspan="1" style="background:#AD76C9; border-left:3px solid #449001; border-right:3px solid #464646"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid #C7C7C7">  </td> <td colspan="1" style="background:#7AA7CB; border-left:3px solid #464646"><a href="/wiki/Intergovernmental_Authority_on_Development" title="Intergovernmental Authority on Development">Intergovernmental Authority on Development</a> (IGAD) </td> <td colspan="1" style="background:#7AA7CB; border-left:3px solid #449001; border-right:3px solid #464646"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid #C7C7C7">  </td> <td colspan="1" style="background:#FF6666; border-left:3px solid #464646"><a href="/wiki/Southern_African_Development_Community" title="Southern African Development Community">Southern African Development Community</a> (SADC) </td> <td colspan="1" style="background:#FF6666; border-left:3px solid #449001; border-right:3px solid #464646"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid #C7C7C7">  </td> <td colspan="1" style="background:#FFFF97; border-left:3px solid #464646; border-bottom:3px solid #464646;"><a href="/wiki/Arab_Maghreb_Union" title="Arab Maghreb Union">Arab Maghreb Union</a> (AMU) </td> <td colspan="1" style="background:#FFFF97; border-left:3px solid #449001; border-right:3px solid #464646; border-bottom:3px solid #464646"> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background:#44B0B8"><a href="/wiki/Casablanca_Group" title="Casablanca Group">Casablanca Group</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="background:#44B12B"> </td> <td colspan="1" rowspan="2" style="background:#449001; border-left:3px solid #449001"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">African Union</a> (AU) </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background:#44B07C"><a href="/wiki/Monrovia_Group" title="Monrovia Group">Monrovia Group</a> </td></tr> <tr style="line-height:1em"> <td style="border-left:1px solid #C7C7C7">  </td> <td style="border-left:1px solid #C7C7C7">  </td> <td style="border-left:1px solid #C7C7C7">  </td> <td colspan="10" style="border-left:1px solid #C7C7C7"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:AU_evolution_timeline" title="Template:AU evolution timeline"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:AU_evolution_timeline" title="Template talk:AU evolution timeline"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:AU_evolution_timeline" title="Special:EditPage/Template:AU evolution timeline"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=African_Union&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Geography">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_African_Union" title="Geography of the African Union">Geography of the African Union</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Regions_of_the_African_Union.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Regions_of_the_African_Union.png/220px-Regions_of_the_African_Union.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Regions_of_the_African_Union.png/330px-Regions_of_the_African_Union.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Regions_of_the_African_Union.png/440px-Regions_of_the_African_Union.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_the_African_Union" title="Regions of the African Union">Regions of the African Union</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"> Northern Region (Sahara)  <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"> Southern Region (Kalahari)  <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"> Eastern Region (Nile)  <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"> Western Regions A and B (Niger and Volta Niger)  <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"> Central Region (Congo) </figcaption></figure> Member <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">states</a> of the African Union cover almost the entirety of continental Africa, except for several territories held by Spain (<a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla">Melilla</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pe%C3%B1%C3%B3n_de_V%C3%A9lez_de_la_Gomera" title="Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera">Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera</a>). In addition, European countries have dependencies among the offshore islands of Africa: Spain (the <a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a> and the islands of the <a href="/wiki/Plazas_de_soberan%C3%ADa" title="Plazas de soberanía">plazas de soberanía</a>); France (<a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a>, <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Scattered_Islands_in_the_Indian_Ocean" title="Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean">Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean</a>); Portugal (the <a href="/wiki/Azores" title="Azores">Azores</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira">Madeira</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Savage_Islands" title="Savage Islands">Savage Islands</a>); and the United Kingdom (<a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena,_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha">Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha</a>). The geography of the African Union is wildly diverse, including the world's largest hot desert (the <a href="/wiki/Sahara" title="Sahara">Sahara</a>), huge jungles and <a href="/wiki/Savanna" title="Savanna">savannas</a>, and the world's longest river (the <a href="/wiki/Nile" title="Nile">Nile</a>). The AU has an area of 29,922,059 square kilometres (11,552,972 sq mi), with 24,165 kilometres (15,015 mi) of coastline. The vast majority of this area is on continental Africa, while the only significant territories off the mainland are the island of <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a> (the world's largest <a href="/wiki/Continental_fragment" title="Continental fragment">microcontinent</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_by_area" title="List of islands by area">fourth-largest island</a>) and the <a href="/wiki/Sinai_Peninsula" title="Sinai Peninsula">Sinai Peninsula</a> (geographically a part of Asia), accounting for slightly less than 2% of the total area. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=African_Union&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Demographics">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Africa" title="Demographics of Africa">Demographics of Africa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_African_Union" title="Member states of the African Union">Member states of the African Union</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Population">Population</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=African_Union&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Population">edit</a>]</div> The total population of the African Union, as of 2017<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=African_Union&action=edit">[update]</a>, is estimated at more than 1.25 billion, with a growth rate of more than 2.5% p.a.<a href="#cite_note-30">[28]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Languages">Languages</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=African_Union&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Languages">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_official_languages_by_country_and_territory" title="List of official languages by country and territory">List of official languages by country and territory</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Africa_ethnic_groups_1996.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Africa_ethnic_groups_1996.jpg/220px-Africa_ethnic_groups_1996.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Africa_ethnic_groups_1996.jpg/330px-Africa_ethnic_groups_1996.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Africa_ethnic_groups_1996.jpg/440px-Africa_ethnic_groups_1996.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2446" data-file-height="2819" /></a><figcaption>Map showing the traditional language families represented in Africa (1996)</figcaption></figure> The official languages of the African Union are Arabic, English, French, Portuguese, Spanish, <a href="/wiki/Swahili_language" title="Swahili language">Swahili</a>, and "any other African language".<a href="#cite_note-au.int-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-:4-3">[3]</a> The primary working languages of the African Union are English and French. To a lesser extent Portuguese and Arabic are used. The <a href="/wiki/Constitutive_Act_of_the_African_Union" title="Constitutive Act of the African Union">Constitutive Act</a>, for example, is written in English, French and Arabic, while the protocol amending the Constitutive Act is written in English, French and Portuguese. As of 2020, the AU website is available in its entirety in English, partially in French and minimally in Arabic.<a href="#cite_note-31">[29]</a> Portuguese and Swahili versions were added as "coming soon" (em breve) in April 2019.<a href="#cite_note-32">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[31]</a> According to the Constitutive Act of the African Union,<a href="#cite_note-34">[32]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">The working languages of the Union and all its institutions shall be, if possible, African languages, Arabic, English, French and Portuguese.</blockquote> A protocol amending the Constitutive Act was adopted in 2003 and as of April 2020 has been ratified by 30 of the 37 member states needed for a two-thirds majority. It would change the above wording to,<a href="#cite_note-35">[33]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">1. The official languages of the Union and all its institutions shall be Arabic, English, French, Portuguese, Spanish, Kiswahili and any other African language. 2. The Executive Council shall determine the process and practical modalities for the use of official languages as working languages.</blockquote> Founded in 2001 under the auspices of the AU, the <a href="/wiki/African_Academy_of_Languages" title="African Academy of Languages">African Academy of Languages</a> promotes the usage and perpetuation of <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Africa" title="Languages of Africa">African languages</a> among African people. In 2004 <a href="/wiki/Joaquim_Chissano" title="Joaquim Chissano">Joaquim Chissano</a> of Mozambique addressed the assembly in Swahili, but had to translate his words himself.<a href="#cite_note-36">[34]</a> The AU declared 2006 the Year of African Languages.<a href="#cite_note-Year_of_African_Languages-37">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-Year_of_African_Languages_2-38">[36]</a> 2006 also marked Ghana's 55th anniversary since it founded the <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Ghana_Languages" title="Bureau of Ghana Languages">Bureau of Ghana Languages</a> originally known as <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Ghana_Languages" title="Bureau of Ghana Languages">Gold Coast Vernacular Literature Bureau</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Member_states">Member states</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=African_Union&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Member states">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_African_Union" title="Member states of the African Union">Member states of the African Union</a></div> All <a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_United_Nations" title="Member states of the United Nations">UN member states</a> based in Africa and on African islands are members of the AU, as is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">partially recognized state</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" title="Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic">Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic</a> (SADR). <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>, which claims sovereignty over the <a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara" title="Western Sahara">Western Sahara</a>, withdrew from the Organisation of African Unity in 1984 due to the admission of the SADR as a member. On 30 January 2017, the AU readmitted Morocco as a member state.<a href="#cite_note-worldbulletin-39">[37]</a> <a href="/wiki/Somaliland" title="Somaliland">Somaliland</a>'s 2005 application to join the AU is still pending.<a href="#cite_note-Nelson-40">[38]</a> Mali was suspended from the African Union on 19 August 2020 following a <a href="/wiki/2020_Malian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2020 Malian coup d'état">military coup</a>.<a href="#cite_note-41">[39]</a> On 9 October of the same year, the <a href="/wiki/Peace_and_Security_Council" title="Peace and Security Council">Peace and Security Council</a> of the African Union lifted the suspension imposed on Mali, citing progress made to return to democracy.<a href="#cite_note-42">[40]</a> The country was again suspended on 1 June 2021, following its <a href="/wiki/2021_Malian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2021 Malian coup d'état">second military coup</a> within nine months.<a href="#cite_note-43">[41]</a> Guinea's membership was also suspended by the African Union on 10 September 2021, after a <a href="/wiki/2021_Guinean_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2021 Guinean coup d'état">military coup</a> deposed the country's President <a href="/wiki/Alpha_Cond%C3%A9" title="Alpha Condé">Alpha Condé</a>.<a href="#cite_note-44">[42]</a> Sudan's membership was suspended by the African Union on 27 October 2021, after a <a href="/wiki/October_2021_Sudanese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" class="mw-redirect" title="October 2021 Sudanese coup d'état">military coup</a> deposed the civilian government led by Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Abdalla_Hamdok" title="Abdalla Hamdok">Abdalla Hamdok</a>.<a href="#cite_note-45">[43]</a> Burkina Faso's membership was suspended by the African Union in the aftermath of a <a href="/wiki/January_2022_Burkina_Faso_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="January 2022 Burkina Faso coup d'état">military coup</a> on 31 January 2022.<a href="#cite_note-46">[44]</a> Niger's membership was suspended by the African Union on 22 August 2023 following a <a href="/wiki/2023_Nigerien_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2023 Nigerien coup d'état">military coup in late July</a> that deposed democratically elected president <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Bazoum" title="Mohamed Bazoum">Mohamed Bazoum</a>; this has since also led to the <a href="/wiki/2023_Nigerien_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Nigerien crisis">2023 Nigerien crisis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-47">[45]</a> Gabon's membership was suspended by the African Union on 31 August 2023 following a <a href="/wiki/2023_Gabonese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2023 Gabonese coup d'état">military coup</a> that deposed president <a href="/wiki/Ali_Bongo_Ondimba" class="mw-redirect" title="Ali Bongo Ondimba">Ali Bongo Ondimba</a>.<a href="#cite_note-48">[46]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Members">Members</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=African_Union&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Members">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/23px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/35px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/45px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/23px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/35px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/45px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Botswana.svg/23px-Flag_of_Botswana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Botswana.svg/35px-Flag_of_Botswana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Botswana.svg/45px-Flag_of_Botswana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/23px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/35px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/45px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a> (suspended)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Burundi.svg/23px-Flag_of_Burundi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Burundi.svg/35px-Flag_of_Burundi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Burundi.svg/46px-Flag_of_Burundi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1020" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde" title="Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic" title="Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/31px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/23px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/35px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/45px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg/23px-Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg/35px-Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg/45px-Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Equatorial_Guinea" title="Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Eritrea.svg/23px-Flag_of_Eritrea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Eritrea.svg/35px-Flag_of_Eritrea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Eritrea.svg/46px-Flag_of_Eritrea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Eswatini.svg/23px-Flag_of_Eswatini.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Eswatini.svg/35px-Flag_of_Eswatini.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Eswatini.svg/45px-Flag_of_Eswatini.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Gabon.svg/20px-Flag_of_Gabon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Gabon.svg/31px-Flag_of_Gabon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Gabon.svg/40px-Flag_of_Gabon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a> (suspended)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg/23px-Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg/35px-Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg/45px-Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/The_Gambia" title="The Gambia">Gambia</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/45px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a> (suspended)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/46px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/23px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/35px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/45px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/45px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_Lesotho.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lesotho.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_Lesotho.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lesotho.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_Lesotho.svg/45px-Flag_of_Lesotho.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Liberia_23px.svg/23px-Flag_of_Liberia_23px.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Liberia_23px.svg/35px-Flag_of_Liberia_23px.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Liberia_23px.svg/46px-Flag_of_Liberia_23px.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1255" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/46px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /> <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/45px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Malawi.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malawi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Malawi.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malawi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Malawi.svg/45px-Flag_of_Malawi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a> (suspended)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Mauritius.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mauritius.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Mauritius.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mauritius.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Mauritius.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mauritius.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/23px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/35px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/45px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/18px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/27px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/35px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a> (suspended)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/23px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/35px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/45px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" title="Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic">Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg/23px-Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg/35px-Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg/46px-Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Seychelles.svg/23px-Flag_of_Seychelles.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Seychelles.svg/35px-Flag_of_Seychelles.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Seychelles.svg/46px-Flag_of_Seychelles.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg/45px-Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg/46px-Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1140" data-file-height="570" /> <a href="/wiki/South_Sudan" title="South Sudan">South Sudan</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a> (suspended)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/45px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/46px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Observers">Observers</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=African_Union&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Observers">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/23px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/35px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/46px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[47]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> (suspended as of February 2023)<a href="#cite_note-50">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-51">[49]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[50]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[51]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /> <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a><a href="#cite_note-54">[52]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/46px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">Palestine</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[53]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /> <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[54]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[55]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[56]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[57]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=African_Union&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Politics">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid 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0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="adr"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_African_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of the African Union">Politics of the African Union</a></div></th></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg/125px-Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg/188px-Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg/250px-Flag_of_the_African_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></th></tr><tr><th style="border-bottom: #aaa 1px solid"></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:palegreen;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Organs_of_the_African_Union" title="Organs of the African Union">Institutions</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Casablanca_Group" title="Casablanca Group">Casablanca Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_African_States" title="Union of African States">Union of African States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_African_Unity" title="Organisation of African Unity">Organisation of African Unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Economic_Community" title="African Economic Community">African Economic Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Unification_Front" title="African Unification Front">African Unification Front</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:palegreen;color: var(--color-base)">Executive</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_the_African_Union" title="Assembly of the African Union">Assembly</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chairperson_of_the_African_Union" title="Chairperson of the African Union">Chairperson</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Union_Commission" title="African Union Commission">Commission</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chairperson_of_the_African_Union_Commission" title="Chairperson of the African Union Commission">Chairperson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_of_Conferences_and_Events&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate of Conferences and Events (page does not exist)">Conference and Events</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_of_Peace_and_Security&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate of Peace and Security (page does not exist)">Peace & Sec.</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_of_Political_Affairs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate of Political Affairs (page does not exist)">Pol. Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_of_Infrastructure_and_Energy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate of Infrastructure and Energy (page does not exist)">Infra. & Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_of_Social_Affairs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate of Social Affairs (page does not exist)">Soc. Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_of_Human_Resources,_Science,_and_Technology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate of Human Resources, Science, and Technology (page does not exist)">HR, Sci., & Tech.</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_of_Trade_and_Industry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate of Trade and Industry (page does not exist)">Trade and Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_of_Rural_Economy_and_Agriculture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate of Rural Economy and Agriculture (page does not exist)">Rural Econ. & Agri.</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Directorate_of_Economic_Affairs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Directorate of Economic Affairs (page does not exist)">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Office_of_the_Legal_Counsel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Office of the Legal Counsel (page does not exist)">Legal Counsel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Council_of_the_African_Union" title="Executive Council of the African Union">Executive Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_Representatives%27_Committee_of_the_African_Union" title="Permanent Representatives' Committee of the African Union">Rep. Committee</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:palegreen;color: var(--color-base)">Legislature</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pan-African_Parliament" title="Pan-African Parliament">Pan-African Parliament</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_the_Pan-African_Parliament&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="President of the Pan-African Parliament (page does not exist)">President</a> (<a href="/wiki/Fortune_Z._Charumbira" title="Fortune Z. Charumbira">Fortune Z. Charumbira</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_the_Pan-African_Parliament" title="Bureau of the Pan-African Parliament">Bureau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_the_Pan-African_Parliament" title="Secretariat of the Pan-African Parliament">Secretariat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Pan-African_Parliament" title="List of members of the Pan-African Parliament">List of members</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_Committees_of_the_Pan-African_Parliament" title="Permanent Committees of the Pan-African Parliament">Permanent Committees</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Committee_on_Rural_Economy,_Agriculture,_Natural_Resources,_and_Environment" title="Committee on Rural Economy, Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Environment">Rural Econ., Agri., Resources, Environ.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_on_Monetary_and_Financial_Affairs" title="Committee on Monetary and Financial Affairs">Monetary & Financial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_on_Trade,_Customs,_and_Immigration_Matters" title="Committee on Trade, Customs, and Immigration Matters">Trade, Customs, & Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_on_Cooperation,_International_Relations,_and_Conflict_Resolution" title="Committee on Cooperation, International Relations, and Conflict Resolution">Cooperation, IR, & Conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_on_Transport,_Industry,_Communication,_Energy,_Science,_and_Technology" title="Committee on Transport, Industry, Communication, Energy, Science, and Technology">Transport, Industry, Communication, Energy, Science, & Tech.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_on_Health,_Labour,_and_Social_Affairs" title="Committee on Health, Labour, and Social Affairs">Health, Labour, & Social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_on_Education,_Culture,_Tourism,_and_Human_Resources" title="Committee on Education, Culture, Tourism, and Human Resources">Educ., Culture, Tourism, & HR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_on_Gender,_Family,_Youth,_and_People_with_Disabilities" title="Committee on Gender, Family, Youth, and People with Disabilities">Gender, Family, Youth, Disabilities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_on_Justice_and_Human_Rights" title="Committee on Justice and Human Rights">Justice & Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_on_Rules,_Privileges,_and_Discipline" title="Committee on Rules, Privileges, and Discipline">Rules, Privileges, & Discipline</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Committee_on_Audit_and_Public_Accounts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Committee on Audit and Public Accounts (page does not exist)">Committee on Audit and Public Accounts</a> (CAPA)</li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:palegreen;color: var(--color-base)">Judiciary</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sirte_Declaration" title="Sirte Declaration">Sirte Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutive_Act_of_the_African_Union" title="Constitutive Act of the African Union">Constitutive Act of the AU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Union_law" title="African Union law">Law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Charter_on_Human_and_Peoples%27_Rights" title="African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights">Charter on Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Commission_on_Human_and_Peoples%27_Rights" title="African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights"> Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Court_of_Justice_and_Human_Rights" title="African Court of Justice and Human Rights">Justice and Human Rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Justice_of_the_African_Union" title="Court of Justice of the African Union">Court of Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Court_on_Human_and_Peoples%27_Rights" title="African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights">Court on Human and Peoples' Rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judges_of_the_African_Court_on_Human_and_Peoples%27_Rights" title="Judges of the African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights">List of judges</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:palegreen;color: var(--color-base)">Advisory bodies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peace_and_Security_Council" title="Peace and Security Council">Peace and Security Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic,_Social_and_Cultural_Council" title="Economic, Social and Cultural Council">Economic, Social and Cultural Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Specialised_Technical_Committees_of_the_African_Union" title="Specialised Technical Committees of the African Union">Specialised Technical Committees</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specialised_Technical_Committee_on_Rural_Economy_and_Agricultural_Matters&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Specialised Technical Committee on Rural Economy and Agricultural Matters (page does not exist)">Rural Econ., Agri.</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specialised_Technical_Committee_on_Monetary_and_Financial_Affairs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Specialised Technical Committee on Monetary and Financial Affairs (page does not exist)">Monetary & Financial</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specialised_Technical_Committee_on_Trade,_Customs,_and_Immigration_Matters&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Specialised Technical Committee on Trade, Customs, and Immigration Matters (page does not exist)">Trade, Customs, and Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specialised_Technical_Committee_on_Industry,_Science_and_Technology,_Energy,_Natural_Resources,_and_Environment&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Specialised Technical Committee on Industry, Science and Technology, Energy, Natural Resources, and Environment (page does not exist)">Industry, Sci. & Tech., Energy, Natural Resources, & Environment</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specialised_Technical_Committee_on_Transport,_Communications,_and_Tourism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Specialised Technical Committee on Transport, Communications, and Tourism (page does not exist)">Transport, Comm., Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specialised_Technical_Committee_on_Health,_Labor,_and_Social_Affairs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Specialised Technical Committee on Health, Labor, and Social Affairs (page does not exist)">Health, Labor, Social</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specialised_Technical_Committee_on_Education,_Culture,_and_Human_Resources&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Specialised Technical Committee on Education, Culture, and Human Resources (page does not exist)"> Edu., Culture, & Human Resources</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:palegreen;color: var(--color-base)">Financial bodies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li>AEC Pillars (<a href="/wiki/African_Economic_Community" title="African Economic Community">Abuja Treaty</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Sahel%E2%80%93Saharan_States" title="Community of Sahel–Saharan States">CEN-SAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Market_for_Eastern_and_Southern_Africa" title="Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa">COMESA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_African_Community" title="East African Community">EAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Community_of_Central_African_States" title="Economic Community of Central African States">ECCAS/CEEAC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_and_Monetary_Community_of_Central_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa">CEMAC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECOWAS" title="ECOWAS">ECOWAS/CEDEAO</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/West_African_Economic_and_Monetary_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="West African Economic and Monetary Union">UEMOA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_African_Monetary_Zone" class="mw-redirect" title="West African Monetary Zone">WAMZ</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intergovernmental_Authority_on_Development" title="Intergovernmental Authority on Development">IGAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_African_Development_Community" title="Southern African Development Community">SADC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_African_Customs_Union" title="Southern African Customs Union">SACU</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Maghreb_Union" title="Arab Maghreb Union">AMU/UMA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Central_Bank" title="African Central Bank">African Central Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Monetary_Union" title="African Monetary Union">African Monetary Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Investment_Bank" title="African Investment Bank">African Investment Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Partnership_for_Africa%27s_Development" title="New Partnership for Africa's Development">New Partnership for Africa's Development</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Peer_Review_Mechanism" title="African Peer Review Mechanism">African Peer Review Mechanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Partnership_for_Africa%27s_Development_E-School_Program" title="New Partnership for Africa's Development E-School Program">New Partnership for Africa's Development E-School Program</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:palegreen;color: var(--color-base)">Decentralised bodies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agencies_of_the_African_Union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agencies of the African Union (page does not exist)">Agencies of the AU</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Africa_Centres_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention">Africa CDC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Space_Agency" title="African Space Agency">African Space Agency</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:palegreen;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:African_Union" title="Category:African Union">Related topics</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_the_African_Union" title="Enlargement of the African Union">Enlargement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_African_Union" title="Foreign relations of the African Union">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrafrica_partnership" title="Terrafrica partnership">TerrAfrica partnership</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <div class="hlist" style="text-align:center;font-weight:normal;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_political_science#Politics_by_region" title="Outline of political science">Other countries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_the_African_Union" title="Template:Politics of the African Union"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_the_African_Union" title="Template talk:Politics of the African Union"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_the_African_Union" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of the African Union"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> The African Union has a number of official bodies: <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Pan-African_Parliament" title="Pan-African Parliament">Pan-African Parliament</a> (PAP)</dt> <dd>To become the highest legislative body of the African Union. The seat of the PAP is at <a href="/wiki/Midrand" title="Midrand">Midrand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a>, South Africa. The Parliament is composed of 265 elected representatives from all 55 AU states, and intended to provide popular and civil-society participation in the processes of democratic governance. Its president is <a href="/wiki/Roger_Nkodo_Dang" title="Roger Nkodo Dang">Roger Nkodo Dang</a>, of <a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a>.</dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_the_African_Union" title="Assembly of the African Union">Assembly of the African Union</a></dt> <dd>Composed of heads of state and heads of government of AU states, the Assembly is currently the supreme governing body of the African Union. It is gradually devolving some of its decision-making powers to the Pan-African Parliament. It meets once a year and makes its decisions by consensus or by a two-thirds majority. The current <a href="/wiki/Chairperson_of_the_African_Union" title="Chairperson of the African Union">chair of the AU</a> is President <a href="/wiki/Macky_Sall" title="Macky Sall">Macky Sall</a>, President of <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a>.</dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/African_Union_Commission" title="African Union Commission">African Union Commission (or Authority)</a></dt> <dd>The secretariat of the African Union, composed of ten commissioners and supporting staff and headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa" title="Addis Ababa">Addis Ababa</a>, Ethiopia. In a similar fashion to its <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European</a> counterpart, the <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a>, it is responsible for the administration and coordination of the AU's activities and meetings.</dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Justice_of_the_African_Union" title="Court of Justice of the African Union">Court of Justice of the African Union</a></dt> <dd>The Constitutive Act provides for a Court of Justice to rule on disputes over interpretation of AU treaties. A protocol to set up this Court of Justice was adopted in 2003 and entered into force in 2009. It was, however, superseded by a protocol creating an <a href="/wiki/African_Court_of_Justice_and_Human_Rights" title="African Court of Justice and Human Rights">African Court of Justice and Human Rights</a>, which will incorporate the already established <a href="/wiki/African_Court_on_Human_and_Peoples%27_Rights" title="African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights">African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights</a> (see below) and have two chambers: one for general legal matters and one for rulings on the human rights treaties.</dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Executive_Council_of_the_African_Union" title="Executive Council of the African Union">Executive Council</a></dt> <dd>Composed of ministers designated by the governments of member states. It decides on matters such as foreign trade, social security, food, agriculture and communications, is accountable to the Assembly, and prepares material for the Assembly to discuss and approve. It is chaired by Shawn Makuyana of Zimbabwe (2015– ).</dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Permanent_Representatives%27_Committee_of_the_African_Union" title="Permanent Representatives' Committee of the African Union">Permanent Representatives' Committee</a></dt> <dd>Consisting of nominated permanent representatives of member states, the Committee prepares the work for the Executive Council, similar to the role of the <a href="/wiki/Committee_of_Permanent_Representatives" title="Committee of Permanent Representatives">Committee of Permanent Representatives</a> in the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>.</dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Peace_and_Security_Council" title="Peace and Security Council">Peace and Security Council</a> (PSC)</dt> <dd>Proposed at the Lusaka Summit in 2001 and established in 2004 under a protocol to the Constitutive Act adopted by the AU Assembly in July 2002. The protocol defines the PSC as a collective security and early-warning arrangement to facilitate timely and effective response to conflict and crisis situations in Africa. Other responsibilities conferred to the PSC by the protocol include prevention, management and resolution of conflicts, post-conflict peace building and developing common defence policies. The PSC has fifteen members elected on a regional basis by the Assembly. Similar in intent and operation to the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">United Nations Security Council</a>.</dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Economic,_Social_and_Cultural_Council" title="Economic, Social and Cultural Council">Economic, Social and Cultural Council</a></dt> <dd>An advisory organ composed of professional and civic representatives, similar to the European <a href="/wiki/Economic_and_Social_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic and Social Committee">Economic and Social Committee</a>. The chair of ECOSOCC, elected in 2008, is Cameroonian lawyer <a href="/wiki/Akere_Muna" title="Akere Muna">Akere Muna</a> of the Pan-African Lawyers Union (PALU).</dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Specialised_Technical_Committees_of_the_African_Union" title="Specialised Technical Committees of the African Union">Specialised Technical Committees</a></dt> <dd>Both the Abuja Treaty and the Constitutive Act provide for Specialised Technical Committees to be established made up of African ministers to advise the Assembly. In practice, they have never been set up. The ten proposed themes are: Rural Economy and Agricultural Matters; Monetary and Financial Affairs; Trade, Customs, and Immigration; Industry, Science and Technology; Energy, Natural Resources, and Environment; Transport, Communications, and Tourism; Health; Labour, and Social Affairs; Education, Culture, and Human Resources.</dd> <dt>Financial institutions</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Central_Bank" title="African Central Bank">African Central Bank</a> – <a href="/wiki/Abuja" title="Abuja">Abuja</a>, Nigeria</li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Investment_Bank" title="African Investment Bank">African Investment Bank</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tripoli,_Libya" title="Tripoli, Libya">Tripoli, Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Monetary_Fund" title="African Monetary Fund">African Monetary Fund</a> – <a href="/wiki/Yaound%C3%A9" title="Yaoundé">Yaoundé</a>, Cameroon</li></ul> These institutions have not yet been established; however, the Steering Committees working on their founding have been constituted. Eventually, the AU aims to have a single currency (the <a href="/wiki/Afro_(currency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Afro (currency)">Afro</a>). <dl><dt>Health</dt> <dd>The <a href="/wiki/Africa_Centres_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention">Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention</a> (Africa CDC), founded in 2016 and launched in 2017. Its Headquarters are in Addis Ababa Ethiopia.<a href="#cite_note-au.int-2017-01-31-60">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-reliefweb.int-2017-02-02-61">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-cdc.gov-2017-07-27-62">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[61]</a></dd> <dt>Human rights</dt> <dd>The <a href="/wiki/African_Commission_on_Human_and_Peoples%27_Rights" title="African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights">African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights</a>, in existence since 1986, is established under the <a href="/wiki/African_Charter_on_Human_and_Peoples%27_Rights" title="African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights">African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights</a> (the African Charter) rather than the Constitutive Act of the African Union. It is the premier African human rights body, with responsibility for monitoring and promoting compliance with the African Charter. The <a href="/wiki/African_Court_on_Human_and_Peoples%27_Rights" title="African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights">African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights</a> was established in 2006 to supplement the work of the commission, following the entry into force of a protocol to the African Charter providing for its creation. It is planned that the African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights will be merged with the Court of Justice of the African Union (see above).</dd> <dt>Space</dt> <dd>There is the <a href="/wiki/African_Space_Agency" title="African Space Agency">African Space Agency</a> officially formed in 2023. It is headquartered in Cairo.</dd> <dt>Energy</dt> <dd>There is the <a href="/wiki/African_Energy_Commission" title="African Energy Commission">African Energy Commission</a>.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Governance">Governance</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=African_Union&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Governance">edit</a>]</div> The principal topic for debate at the July 2007 AU summit held in <a href="/wiki/Accra" title="Accra">Accra</a>, Ghana, was the creation of a Union Government,<a href="#cite_note-64">[62]</a> with the aim of moving towards a <a href="/wiki/United_States_of_Africa" title="United States of Africa">United States of Africa</a>. A study on the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Union_Government_of_Africa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Union Government of Africa (page does not exist)">Union Government</a> was adopted in late 2006,<a href="#cite_note-65">[63]</a> and proposes various options for "completing" the African Union project. There are divisions among African states on the proposals, with some (notably <a href="/wiki/Great_Socialist_People%27s_Libyan_Arab_Jamahiriya" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya">Libya</a>) following a maximalist view leading to a common government with an AU army; and others (especially the southern African states) supporting rather a strengthening of the existing structures, with some reforms to deal with administrative and political challenges in making the AU Commission and other bodies truly effective.<a href="#cite_note-66">[64]</a> Following a heated debate in Accra, the <a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_the_African_Union" title="Assembly of the African Union">Assembly of Heads of State and Government</a> agreed in the form of a declaration to review the state of affairs of the AU with a view to determining its readiness towards a Union Government.<a href="#cite_note-67">[65]</a> In particular, the Assembly agreed to: <ul><li>Accelerate the economic and political integration of the African continent, including the formation of a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Union_Government_of_Africa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Union Government of Africa (page does not exist)">Union Government of Africa</a>;</li> <li>Conduct an audit of the institutions and organs of the AU; review the relationship between the AU and the RECs; find ways to strengthen the AU and elaborate a timeframe to establish a Union Government of Africa.</li></ul> The declaration lastly noted the "importance of involving the African peoples, including <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_the_African_Union#African_diaspora" title="Regions of the African Union">Africans in the Diaspora</a>, in the processes leading to the formation of the Union Government." Following this decision, a panel of eminent persons was set up to conduct the "audit review". The review team began its work on 1 September 2007. The review was presented to the Assembly of Heads of State and Government at the January 2008 summit in Addis Ababa. No final decision was taken on the recommendations, however, and a committee of ten heads of state was appointed to consider the review and report back to the July 2008 summit to be held in Egypt.<a href="#cite_note-68">[66]</a> At the July 2008 summit, a decision was once again deferred, for a "final" debate at the January 2009 summit to be held in Addis Ababa. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Role_of_African_Union">Role of African Union</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=African_Union&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Role of African Union">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right noresize" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Supranational_African_Bodies-en.svg/500px-Supranational_African_Bodies-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="450" class="mw-file-element" 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href="/wiki/West_African_Economic_and_Monetary_Union" shape="rect" coords="150,116,184,124" alt="West African Economic and Monetary Union" title="West African Economic and Monetary Union" /><area href="/wiki/Liptako%E2%80%93Gourma_Authority" shape="rect" coords="232,102,256,115" alt="Liptako–Gourma Authority" title="Liptako–Gourma Authority" /><area href="/wiki/Mali" shape="rect" coords="242,114,269,136" alt="Mali" title="Mali" /><area href="/wiki/ECOWAS" shape="rect" coords="224,15,271,25" alt="Economic Community of West African States" title="Economic Community of West African States" /><area href="/wiki/Intergovernmental_Authority_on_Development" shape="rect" coords="212,177,237,187" alt="Intergovernmental Authority on Development" title="Intergovernmental Authority on Development" /><area href="/wiki/African_Union" shape="rect" coords="366,92,463,140" alt="African Union" title="African Union" /><area href="/wiki/Mano_River_Union" shape="rect" coords="129,79,160,90" alt="Mano River Union" title="Mano River Union" /><area href="/wiki/ECOWAS#West_African_Monetary_Zone" shape="rect" coords="194,30,229,41" alt="West African Monetary Zone" title="West African Monetary Zone" /></map><figcaption><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><img alt="The image above contains clickable links" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Interactive_icon.svg/18px-Interactive_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Interactive_icon.svg/27px-Interactive_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Interactive_icon.svg/36px-Interactive_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="133" data-file-height="200" /><figcaption>The image above contains clickable links</figcaption></figure><a href="/wiki/Euler_diagram" title="Euler diagram">Euler diagram</a> showing the relationships among various multinational African entities <a href="/wiki/Template:Supranational_African_Bodies" title="Template:Supranational African Bodies">v</a> • <a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Supranational_African_Bodies" title="Template talk:Supranational African Bodies">t</a> • <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Supranational_African_Bodies&action=edit">e</a> </figcaption></figure> One of the key debates in relation to the achievement of greater continental integration is the relative priority that should be given to integration of the continent as a unit in itself or to integration of the sub-regions. The 1980 <a href="/wiki/Lagos_Plan_of_Action_for_the_Development_of_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Lagos Plan of Action for the Development of Africa">Lagos Plan of Action for the Development of Africa</a> and the 1991 treaty to establish the African Economic Community (also referred to as the Abuja Treaty), proposed the creation of <a href="/wiki/Regional_Economic_Communities" title="Regional Economic Communities">Regional Economic Communities</a> (RECs) as the basis for African integration, with a timetable for regional and then continental integration to follow.<a href="#cite_note-69">[67]</a> Currently, there are eight RECs recognised by the AU, each established under a separate regional treaty. They are: <ul><li>the <a href="/wiki/Arab_Maghreb_Union" title="Arab Maghreb Union">Arab Maghreb Union</a> (AMU)</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Common_Market_for_Eastern_and_Southern_Africa" title="Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa">Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa</a> (COMESA)</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Community_of_Sahel-Saharan_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Community of Sahel-Saharan States">Community of Sahel-Saharan States</a> (CEN-SAD)</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/East_African_Community" title="East African Community">East African Community</a> (EAC)</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Economic_Community_of_Central_African_States" title="Economic Community of Central African States">Economic Community of Central African States</a> (ECCAS)</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Economic_Community_of_West_African_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic Community of West African States">Economic Community of West African States</a> (ECOWAS)</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Intergovernmental_Authority_on_Development" title="Intergovernmental Authority on Development">Intergovernmental Authority on Development</a> (IGAD)</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Africa_Development_Community" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Africa Development Community">Southern Africa Development Community</a> (SADC)</li></ul> The membership of many of the communities overlaps, and their rationalisation has been under discussion for several years—and formed the theme of the 2006 Banjul summit. At the July 2007 Accra summit the Assembly finally decided to adopt a Protocol on Relations between the African Union and the Regional Economic Communities.<a href="#cite_note-70">[68]</a> This protocol is intended to facilitate the harmonisation of policies and ensure compliance with the Abuja Treaty and Lagos Plan of Action time frames. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Selection_of_the_chairperson">Selection of the chairperson</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=African_Union&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Selection of the chairperson">edit</a>]</div> In 2006, the AU decided to create a Committee "to consider the implementation of a rotation system between the regions" in relation to the presidency. Controversy arose at the 2006 summit when Sudan announced its candidacy for the AU's chairmanship, as a representative of the East African region. Several member states refused to support Sudan because of tensions over <a href="/wiki/Darfur" title="Darfur">Darfur</a> (see also below). Sudan ultimately withdrew its candidacy and President <a href="/wiki/Denis_Sassou-Nguesso" class="mw-redirect" title="Denis Sassou-Nguesso">Denis Sassou-Nguesso</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a> was elected to a one-year term. At the January 2007 summit, Sassou-Nguesso was replaced by President <a href="/wiki/John_Agyekum_Kufuor" class="mw-redirect" title="John Agyekum Kufuor">John Agyekum Kufuor</a> of Ghana, despite another attempt by Sudan to gain the chair. The year 2007 was the 50th anniversary of Ghana's independence, a symbolic moment for the country to hold the chair of the AU—and to host the mid-year summit at which the proposed Union Government was also discussed. In January 2008, President <a href="/wiki/Jakaya_Kikwete" title="Jakaya Kikwete">Jakaya Kikwete</a> of Tanzania took over as chair, representing the East African region and thus apparently ending Sudan's attempt to become chair—at least till the rotation returned to East Africa.<a href="#cite_note-71">[69]</a> The current chair is <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Ould_Ghazouani" title="Mohamed Ould Ghazouani">Mohamed Ould Ghazouani</a>, President of <a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a>, whose term began on February 17, 2024.<a href="#cite_note-72">[70]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="List_of_chairpersons">List of chairpersons</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=African_Union&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: List of chairpersons">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Chairperson_of_the_African_Union" title="Chairperson of the African Union">Chairperson of the African Union</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jakaya_Kikwete_and_Muammar_al-Gaddafi,_12th_AU_Summit,_090202-N-0506A-678.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Jakaya_Kikwete_and_Muammar_al-Gaddafi%2C_12th_AU_Summit%2C_090202-N-0506A-678.jpg/220px-Jakaya_Kikwete_and_Muammar_al-Gaddafi%2C_12th_AU_Summit%2C_090202-N-0506A-678.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Jakaya_Kikwete_and_Muammar_al-Gaddafi%2C_12th_AU_Summit%2C_090202-N-0506A-678.jpg/330px-Jakaya_Kikwete_and_Muammar_al-Gaddafi%2C_12th_AU_Summit%2C_090202-N-0506A-678.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Jakaya_Kikwete_and_Muammar_al-Gaddafi%2C_12th_AU_Summit%2C_090202-N-0506A-678.jpg/440px-Jakaya_Kikwete_and_Muammar_al-Gaddafi%2C_12th_AU_Summit%2C_090202-N-0506A-678.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4256" data-file-height="2832" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Muammar_Gaddafi" title="Muammar Gaddafi">Muammar Gaddafi</a> embracing Tanzanian President <a href="/wiki/Jakaya_Kikwete" title="Jakaya Kikwete">Kikwete</a> after assuming the chairmanship</figcaption></figure> <div style="clear:left;" class=""></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Chairpersons of the African Union </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Name </th> <th scope="col">Beginning of term </th> <th scope="col">End of term </th> <th scope="col">Country </th></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Thabo_Mbeki" title="Thabo Mbeki">Thabo Mbeki</a> </td> <td>9 July 2002 </td> <td>10 July 2003 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Joaquim_Chissano" title="Joaquim Chissano">Joaquim Chissano</a> </td> <td>10 July 2003 </td> <td>6 July 2004 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Olusegun_Obasanjo" title="Olusegun Obasanjo">Olusegun Obasanjo</a> </td> <td>6 July 2004 </td> <td>24 January 2006 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Denis_Sassou-Nguesso" class="mw-redirect" title="Denis Sassou-Nguesso">Denis Sassou-Nguesso</a> </td> <td>24 January 2006 </td> <td>24 January 2007 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/John_Kufuor" title="John Kufuor">John Kufuor</a> </td> <td>30 January 2007 </td> <td>31 January 2008 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Jakaya_Kikwete" title="Jakaya Kikwete">Jakaya Kikwete</a> </td> <td>31 January 2008 </td> <td>2 February 2009 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Muammar_al-Gaddafi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muammar al-Gaddafi">Muammar al-Gaddafi</a> </td> <td>2 February 2009 </td> <td>31 January 2010 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Libya_%281977%E2%80%932011%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Libya_%281977%E2%80%932011%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Libya_%281977%E2%80%932011%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Libya_%281977%E2%80%932011%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Libya_%281977%E2%80%932011%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Libya_%281977%E2%80%932011%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Great_Socialist_People%27s_Libyan_Arab_Jamahiriya" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya">Libya</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Bingu_wa_Mutharika" title="Bingu wa Mutharika">Bingu wa Mutharika</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-74">[72]</a> </td> <td>31 January 2010 </td> <td>31 January 2011 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Malawi_%282010%E2%80%932012%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malawi_%282010%E2%80%932012%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Malawi_%282010%E2%80%932012%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malawi_%282010%E2%80%932012%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Malawi_%282010%E2%80%932012%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Malawi_%282010%E2%80%932012%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Teodoro_Obiang_Nguema_Mbasogo" title="Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo">Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[73]</a> </td> <td>31 January 2011 </td> <td>29 January 2012 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg/23px-Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg/35px-Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg/45px-Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Equatorial_Guinea" title="Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Yayi_Boni" class="mw-redirect" title="Yayi Boni">Yayi Boni</a> </td> <td>29 January 2012 </td> <td>27 January 2013 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/23px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/35px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/45px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Hailemariam_Desalegn" title="Hailemariam Desalegn">Hailemariam Desalegn</a> </td> <td>27 January 2013 </td> <td>30 January 2014 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Ould_Abdel_Aziz" title="Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz">Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz</a> </td> <td>30 January 2014 </td> <td>30 January 2015 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Mauritania_%281959%E2%80%932017%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mauritania_%281959%E2%80%932017%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Mauritania_%281959%E2%80%932017%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mauritania_%281959%E2%80%932017%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Mauritania_%281959%E2%80%932017%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mauritania_%281959%E2%80%932017%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe">Robert Mugabe</a> </td> <td>30 January 2015 </td> <td>30 January 2016 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/46px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Idriss_D%C3%A9by" title="Idriss Déby">Idriss Déby</a> </td> <td>30 January 2016 </td> <td>30 January 2017 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Cond%C3%A9" title="Alpha Condé">Alpha Condé</a> </td> <td>30 January 2017 </td> <td>28 January 2018 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/45px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Kagame" title="Paul Kagame">Paul Kagame</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[74]</a> </td> <td>28 January 2018 </td> <td>10 February 2019 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/23px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/35px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/45px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Abdel_Fattah_el-Sisi" title="Abdel Fattah el-Sisi">Abdel Fattah el-Sisi</a> </td> <td>10 February 2019 </td> <td>10 February 2020 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Cyril_Ramaphosa" title="Cyril Ramaphosa">Cyril Ramaphosa</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[75]</a> </td> <td>10 February 2020 </td> <td>10 February 2021 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Tshisekedi" title="Félix Tshisekedi">Félix Tshisekedi</a> </td> <td>10 February 2021 </td> <td>5 February 2022 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/31px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Macky_Sall" title="Macky Sall">Macky Sall</a> </td> <td>5 February 2022 </td> <td>18 February 2023 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Azali_Assoumani" title="Azali Assoumani">Azali Assoumani</a> </td> <td>18 February 2023 </td> <td>17 February 2024 </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros">Comoros</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Ould_Ghazouani" title="Mohamed Ould Ghazouani">Mohamed Ould Ghazouani</a> </td> <td>17 February 2024 </td> <td>Incumbent </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Headquarters">Headquarters</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=African_Union&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Headquarters">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/African_Union_Conference_Center_and_Office_Complex" title="African Union Conference Center and Office Complex">African Union Conference Center and Office Complex</a></div> The main administrative capital of the African Union is in <a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa" title="Addis Ababa">Addis Ababa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a>, where the African Union Commission is headquartered. A new headquarters complex, the <a href="/wiki/African_Union_Conference_Center_and_Office_Complex" title="African Union Conference Center and Office Complex">AU Conference Center and Office Complex</a> (AUCC), was inaugurated on 28 January 2012, during the 18th AU summit.<a href="#cite_note-AU_NewHQ-78">[76]</a> The complex was built by <a href="/wiki/China_State_Construction_Engineering_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="China State Construction Engineering Corporation">China State Construction Engineering Corporation</a> as a gift from the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of the People's Republic of China">Chinese government</a>, and accommodates, among other facilities, a 2,500-seat plenary hall and a 20-story office tower. The tower is 99.9 meters high to signify the date 9 September 1999, when the <a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_African_Unity" title="Organisation of African Unity">Organisation of African Unity</a> voted to become the African Union.<a href="#cite_note-Chinadaily_NewHQ-79">[77]</a> The building cost US$200 million to construct.<a href="#cite_note-:1-80">[78]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Espionage_accusations">Espionage accusations</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=African_Union&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Espionage accusations">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2018_China%E2%80%93African_Union_espionage_allegations" title="2018 China–African Union espionage allegations">2018 China–African Union espionage allegations</a></div> On 26 January 2018, five years after the completion of the building of the AU Headquarters, the French newspaper <a href="/wiki/Le_Monde" title="Le Monde">Le Monde</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[79]</a> published an article stating that the Chinese government had heavily bugged the building, installing listening devices in the walls and furniture and setting up the computer system to copy data to servers in Shanghai daily.<a href="#cite_note-:1-80">[78]</a> The Chinese government denied that they bugged the building, stating that the accusations were "utterly groundless and ridiculous."<a href="#cite_note-:1-80">[78]</a> Ethiopian Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Hailemariam_Desalegn" title="Hailemariam Desalegn">Hailemariam Desalegn</a> rejected the French media report.<a href="#cite_note-82">[80]</a> <a href="/wiki/Moussa_Faki" title="Moussa Faki">Moussa Faki Mahamat</a>, head of the African Union Commission, said the allegations in the Le Monde's report were false. "These are totally false allegations and I believe that we are completely disregarding them."<a href="#cite_note-83">[81]</a> The African Union replaced its Chinese-supplied servers and started encrypting its communications following the event.<a href="#cite_note-84">[82]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="African_Union_summits">African Union summits</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=African_Union&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: African Union summits">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Niger,_Niamey,_Boulevard_Mali_B%C3%A9ro_(2)(Rue_IB-56).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Niger%2C_Niamey%2C_Boulevard_Mali_B%C3%A9ro_%282%29%28Rue_IB-56%29.jpg/300px-Niger%2C_Niamey%2C_Boulevard_Mali_B%C3%A9ro_%282%29%28Rue_IB-56%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Niger%2C_Niamey%2C_Boulevard_Mali_B%C3%A9ro_%282%29%28Rue_IB-56%29.jpg/450px-Niger%2C_Niamey%2C_Boulevard_Mali_B%C3%A9ro_%282%29%28Rue_IB-56%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Niger%2C_Niamey%2C_Boulevard_Mali_B%C3%A9ro_%282%29%28Rue_IB-56%29.jpg/600px-Niger%2C_Niamey%2C_Boulevard_Mali_B%C3%A9ro_%282%29%28Rue_IB-56%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="1648" /></a><figcaption>Billboard in Niamey (Niger) announcing the 33rd AU Summit (2019)</figcaption></figure> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <table class="sortable wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th width="155px">Session </th> <th>Host country </th> <th>Host city </th> <th>Date </th> <th>Theme </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td>37th</td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa" title="Addis Ababa">Addis Ababa</a></td> <td>17–18 February 2024</td> <td>"Educate and Skill Africa for the 21st Century"<a href="#cite_note-85">[83]</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>36th</td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa" title="Addis Ababa">Addis Ababa</a></td> <td>18–19 February 2023</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>35th</td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa" title="Addis Ababa">Addis Ababa</a></td> <td>5–6 February 2022</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>34th</td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa" title="Addis Ababa">Addis Ababa</a></td> <td>6–7 February 2021</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>33rd<a href="#cite_note-development-86">[84]</a></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa" title="Addis Ababa">Addis Ababa</a></td> <td>9–10 February 2020<a href="#cite_note-87">[85]</a></td> <td>"Silencing the guns: creating conducive conditions for Africa's development"<a href="#cite_note-development-86">[84]</a></td> <td>Agreement for <a href="/wiki/African_Continental_Free_Trade_Agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="African Continental Free Trade Agreement">African Continental Free Trade Agreement</a> to become operational in July 2020.<a href="#cite_note-tradeandmore-88">[86]</a> Agreements to reduce gender gap and inequality and to "silence guns" on the continent.<a href="#cite_note-tradeandmore-88">[86]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>12th Extraordinary Summit on <a href="/wiki/African_Continental_Free_Trade_Agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="African Continental Free Trade Agreement">AfCFTA</a><a href="#cite_note-extra12-89">[87]</a></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/18px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/27px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/35px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Niamey" title="Niamey">Niamey</a></td> <td>4–8 July 2019</td> <td>"Refugees, Returnees and Internally Displaced Persons: Towards Durable Solutions to Forced Displacement in Africa"</td> <td>Launch of the <a href="/wiki/African_Continental_Free_Trade_Agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="African Continental Free Trade Agreement">African Continental Free Trade Agreement</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>32nd<a href="#cite_note-summit32-90">[88]</a></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa" title="Addis Ababa">Addis Ababa</a></td> <td>10–11 February 2019</td> <td>"Refugees, Returnees and Internally Displaced Persons: Towards Durable Solutions to Forced Displacement in Africa"</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>11th Extraordinary Summit on AfCFTA<a href="#cite_note-extra11-91">[89]</a></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa" title="Addis Ababa">Addis Ababa</a></td> <td>5–18 November 2018</td> <td></td> <td>Agreement reached on reorganisation AU Commission<a href="#cite_note-extra11-91">[89]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>31st<a href="#cite_note-summit31-92">[90]</a></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nouakchott" title="Nouakchott">Nouakchott</a></td> <td>25 June – 2 July 2018</td> <td>"Winning the Fight Against Corruption: A Sustainable Path to Africa's Transformation"</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10th Extraordinary Summit on AfCFTA<a href="#cite_note-extra10-93">[91]</a></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/23px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/35px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/45px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kigali" title="Kigali">Kigali</a></td> <td>17–21 March 2018</td> <td>"Creating One African Market"</td> <td>Agreement reached on the AfCFTA </td></tr> <tr> <td>30th<a href="#cite_note-summit30-94">[92]</a></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa" title="Addis Ababa">Addis Ababa</a></td> <td>22–29 January 2018</td> <td>"Winning the Fight Against Corruption: A Sustainable Path to Africa's Transformation"</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>29th<a href="#cite_note-summit29-95">[93]</a></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa" title="Addis Ababa">Addis Ababa</a></td> <td>27 June – 4 July 2017</td> <td>"Harnessing the Demographic Dividend Through Investments in Youth"</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>28th<a href="#cite_note-summit28-96">[94]</a></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa" title="Addis Ababa">Addis Ababa</a></td> <td>22–31 January 2017</td> <td>"Harnessing the Demographic Dividend Through Investments in Youth"</td> <td>Morocco rejoins the AU after 33 years </td></tr> <tr> <td>27th<a href="#cite_note-summit27-97">[95]</a></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/23px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/35px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/45px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kigali" title="Kigali">Kigali</a></td> <td>10–18 July 2016</td> <td>"African Year of Human Rights with Particular Focus on the Rights of Women"</td> <td>Launch of <a href="/wiki/African_Union_Passport" title="African Union Passport">African Union Passport</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>26th<a href="#cite_note-summit26-98">[96]</a></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa" title="Addis Ababa">Addis Ababa</a></td> <td>21–31 January 2016</td> <td>"African Year of Human Rights with Particular Focus on the Rights of Women"</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Third_India-Africa_Forum_Summit" class="mw-redirect" title="Third India-Africa Forum Summit">Third India-Africa Forum Summit</a></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a></td> <td>26–29 October 2015</td> <td>"Reinvigorated Partnership—Shared Vision"</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>25th<a href="#cite_note-summit25-99">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-100">[98]</a></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a></td> <td>7–15 June 2015</td> <td>"Year of Women Empowerment and Development Towards Africa's Agenda 2063"</td> <td>Featured Angelina Jolie<a href="#cite_note-101">[99]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>24th<a href="#cite_note-summit24-102">[100]</a></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa" title="Addis Ababa">Addis Ababa</a></td> <td>23–31 January 2015</td> <td>"Year of Women Empowerment and Development Towards Africa's Agenda 2063"</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2nd Africa–Turkey Summit</td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg/23px-Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg/35px-Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg/45px-Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Equatorial_Guinea" title="Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Malabo" title="Malabo">Malabo</a></td> <td>19–21 November 2014</td> <td>"A New Model of Partnership to Enhance a Sustainable Development and Integration of Africa"</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-103">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-104">[102]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>23rd<a href="#cite_note-summit23-105">[103]</a></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg/23px-Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg/35px-Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg/45px-Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Equatorial_Guinea" title="Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Malabo" title="Malabo">Malabo</a></td> <td>20–27 June 2014</td> <td>"Year of Agriculture and food security"</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>22nd<a href="#cite_note-summit22-106">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-107">[105]</a></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa" title="Addis Ababa">Addis Ababa</a></td> <td>21–31 January 2014</td> <td>"Year Agriculture and food security, Marking 10th Anniversary of the Adoption of the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP)"</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Extraordinary Summit on the <a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court" title="International Criminal Court">ICC</a><a href="#cite_note-summiticc-108">[106]</a></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa" title="Addis Ababa">Addis Ababa</a> </td> <td>11–12 October 2013</td> <td>"Africa's Relationship with the <a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court" title="International Criminal Court">ICC</a>"</td> <td>This was in regards to the ICC's non-adherence to AU calls to drop certain charges against sitting leaders and claims that it was disproportionally targeting Africans.<a href="#cite_note-109">[107]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>21st<a href="#cite_note-summit21-110">[108]</a></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa" title="Addis Ababa">Addis Ababa</a></td> <td>19–27 May 2013</td> <td>"Panafricanism and African Renaissance"</td> <td>50th Anniversary of the Establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_African_Unity" title="Organisation of African Unity">Organisation of African Unity</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>20th<a href="#cite_note-summit20-111">[109]</a></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa" title="Addis Ababa">Addis Ababa</a></td> <td>27–28 January 2013</td> <td>"Panafricanism and African Renaissance"</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Diaspora Summit<a href="#cite_note-112">[110]</a></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sandton,_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Sandton, South Africa">Sandton</a></td> <td>23–25 May 2012</td> <td>"Towards the Realisation of a United and Integrated Africa and Its Diaspora"</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>19th<a href="#cite_note-summit19-113">[111]</a></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa" title="Addis Ababa">Addis Ababa</a></td> <td>9–16 July 2012</td> <td>"Boosting Intra-African Trade"</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>18th<a href="#cite_note-summit18-114">[112]</a></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa" title="Addis Ababa">Addis Ababa</a></td> <td>23–30 January 2012</td> <td>"Boosting Intra-African Trade"</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/17th_Ordinary_African_Union_Summit" title="17th Ordinary African Union Summit">17th</a><a href="#cite_note-summit17-115">[113]</a></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg/23px-Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg/35px-Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg/45px-Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Equatorial_Guinea" title="Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Malabo" title="Malabo">Malabo</a></td> <td>23 June – 1 July 2011</td> <td>"Youth Empowerment for Sustainable Development"</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2nd Africa–India Summit</td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa" title="Addis Ababa">Addis Ababa</a></td> <td>20–25 May 2011</td> <td>"Enhancing partnership: shared vision"</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-116">[114]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>16th<a href="#cite_note-summit16-117">[115]</a></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa" title="Addis Ababa">Addis Ababa</a></td> <td>24–31 January 2011</td> <td>"Towards Greater Unity and Integration through Shared Values"</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>15th<a href="#cite_note-summit15-118">[116]</a></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/45px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kampala" title="Kampala">Kampala</a></td> <td>19–27 July 2010</td> <td>"Maternal, Infant, and Child Health and Development in Africa"</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>14th<a href="#cite_note-summit14-119">[117]</a></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa" title="Addis Ababa">Addis Ababa</a></td> <td>25 January – 2 February 2010</td> <td>"Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in Africa: Challenges and Prospects for Development"</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>13th<a href="#cite_note-summit13-120">[118]</a></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Libya_%281977%E2%80%932011%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Libya_%281977%E2%80%932011%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Libya_%281977%E2%80%932011%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Libya_%281977%E2%80%932011%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Libya_%281977%E2%80%932011%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Libya_%281977%E2%80%932011%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sirte" title="Sirte">Sirte</a></td> <td>24 June – 3 July 2009</td> <td>"Investing in Agriculture for Economic Growth and Food Security"</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>12th<a href="#cite_note-summit12-121">[119]</a></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa" title="Addis Ababa">Addis Ababa</a></td> <td>26 January – 3 February 2009</td> <td>"Infrastructure Development in Africa"</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>11th<a href="#cite_note-summit11-122">[120]</a></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sharm_el-Sheikh" class="mw-redirect" title="Sharm el-Sheikh">Sharm el-Sheikh</a></td> <td>24 June – 1 July 2008</td> <td>"Meeting the Millennium Development Goals on Water and Sanitation"</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10th<a href="#cite_note-summit10-123">[121]</a></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa" title="Addis Ababa">Addis Ababa</a></td> <td>25 January – 2 February 2008</td> <td>"Industrial Development of Africa"</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>9th<a href="#cite_note-summit9-124">[122]</a></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Accra" title="Accra">Accra</a></td> <td>25 June – 6 July 2007</td> <td>"Grand Debate on the Union Government"</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>8th<a href="#cite_note-summit8-125">[123]</a></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa" title="Addis Ababa">Addis Ababa</a></td> <td>22–30 January 2007</td> <td>1. "Science, Technology and Scientific Research for Development" 2. "Climate Change in Africa"</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>7th<a href="#cite_note-summit7-126">[124]</a></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg/23px-Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg/35px-Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg/45px-Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/The_Gambia" title="The Gambia">Gambia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Banjul" title="Banjul">Banjul</a></td> <td>25 June – 2 July 2006</td> <td>"Rationalisation of Recs and Regional Integration"</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>6th<a href="#cite_note-summit6-127">[125]</a></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Khartoum" title="Khartoum">Khartoum</a></td> <td>16–24 January 2006</td> <td>"Education and Culture"</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>5th<a href="#cite_note-summit5-128">[126]</a></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Libya_%281977%E2%80%932011%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Libya_%281977%E2%80%932011%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Libya_%281977%E2%80%932011%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Libya_%281977%E2%80%932011%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Libya_%281977%E2%80%932011%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Libya_%281977%E2%80%932011%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sirte" title="Sirte">Sirte</a></td> <td>28–29 June 2005</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Extraordinary summit on UN Reform<a href="#cite_note-summitlist-129">[127]</a></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa" title="Addis Ababa">Addis Ababa</a></td> <td>4 August 2005</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4th<a href="#cite_note-summit4-130">[128]</a></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Abuja" title="Abuja">Abuja</a></td> <td>24–31 January 2005</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3rd<a href="#cite_note-summit3-131">[129]</a></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa" title="Addis Ababa">Addis Ababa</a></td> <td>6–8 July 2004</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2nd<a href="#cite_note-summit2-132">[130]</a></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maputo" title="Maputo">Maputo</a></td> <td>2–12 July 2003</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1st<a href="#cite_note-summit1-133">[131]</a></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Durban,_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Durban, South Africa">Durban</a></td> <td>28 June 2002 – 10 July 2002</td> <td>"Peace, Development and Prosperity: The African Century"</td> <td>Notable events include the launch of the African Union.<a href="#cite_note-134">[132]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Migration">Migration</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=African_Union&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Migration">edit</a>]</div> In 2018,<a href="#cite_note-135">[133]</a> the African Union adopted the Free Movement Protocol.<a href="#cite_note-136">[134]</a><a href="#cite_note-137">[135]</a> This protocol allows for free movement of people between countries that are part of the African Union. Article 14 of the Protocol to the treaty establishing the African economic community relating to the free movement of persons, right of residence, and the right of establishment discusses the free movement of workers.<a href="#cite_note-138">[136]</a> The African Union also has a Migration Policy Framework for Africa (MPFA).<a href="#cite_note-139">[137]</a> Forced displacement of people and groups has also been an area of focus for the AU—over thirty states have ratified the <a href="/wiki/Kampala_Convention" title="Kampala Convention">Kampala Convention</a>, the only continental treaty focusing on internally displaced persons in the world.<a href="#cite_note-140">[138]</a> Beginning in 2016, the African Union introduced continent-wide passports.<a href="#cite_note-passport-141">[139]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Foreign_relations">Foreign relations</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=African_Union&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Foreign relations">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_African_Union" title="Foreign relations of the African Union">Foreign relations of the African Union</a></div> The individual member states of the African Union coordinate foreign policy through this agency, in addition to conducting their own <a href="/wiki/International_relations" title="International relations">international relations</a> on a state-by-state basis. The AU represents the interests of African peoples at large in <a href="/wiki/Intergovernmental_organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Intergovernmental organisation">intergovernmental organisations</a> (IGOs); for instance, it is a <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_observers" title="United Nations General Assembly observers">permanent observer</a> at the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">United Nations General Assembly</a>. Both the African Union and the United Nations work in tandem to address issues of common concerns in various areas. The African Union Mission to the United Nations aspires to serve as a bridge between the two organisations. Membership of the AU overlaps with other IGOs, and occasionally, these third-party organisations and the AU will coordinate on matters of public policy. The African Union maintains special diplomatic representation with the <a href="/wiki/Ambassadors_from_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Ambassadors from the United States">United States</a> and the <a href="/wiki/European_Union_Special_Representative" title="European Union Special Representative">European Union</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Africa–Caribbean_relations">Africa–Caribbean relations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=African_Union&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Africa–Caribbean relations">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Group_of_77" title="Group of 77">Group of 77</a> and <a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_African,_Caribbean_and_Pacific_States" title="Organisation of African, Caribbean and Pacific States">Organisation of African, Caribbean and Pacific States</a></div> Many <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a> nations have sought to deepen ties with the continent of <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>. The African Union has referred to the Caribbean as the potential "Sixth Region" of the bloc.<a href="#cite_note-142">[140]</a> Some Caribbean nations moved to join African institutions, including <a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a>,<a href="#cite_note-143">[141]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Bahamas" title="The Bahamas">the Bahamas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a>, which all became members of the <a href="/wiki/African_Export%E2%80%93Import_Bank" title="African Export–Import Bank">African Export–Import Bank</a>.<a href="#cite_note-144">[142]</a> Also, the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Development_Bank" title="Caribbean Development Bank">Caribbean Development Bank</a> signed a cooperation strategic partnership agreement with the <a href="/wiki/African_Development_Bank" title="African Development Bank">African Development Bank</a> (AfDB).<a href="#cite_note-145">[143]</a> <a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a> has also shown interest in a direct transport link between Africa and the Caribbean.<a href="#cite_note-146">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-147">[145]</a> However, it has resulted in some challenges regarding migration.<a href="#cite_note-148">[146]</a><a href="#cite_note-149">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-150">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-151">[149]</a><a href="#cite_note-152">[150]</a><a href="#cite_note-153">[151]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Africa–China_relations">Africa–China relations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=African_Union&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Africa–China relations">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Africa%E2%80%93China_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Africa–China relations">Africa–China relations</a></div> One of the leading economic partners of the continent has been the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">People's Republic of China</a> (PRC). The <a href="/wiki/Forum_on_China%E2%80%93Africa_Cooperation" title="Forum on China–Africa Cooperation">Forum on China–Africa Cooperation</a> is the main multi-lateral coordination mechanism between the African countries and China.<a href="#cite_note-154">[152]</a> Since joining FOCAC in 2012, the African Union has increasingly played a coordinating role, although each African country in FOCAC continues to represent itself individually.<a href="#cite_note-155">[153]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Africa–EU_relations">Africa–EU relations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=African_Union&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Africa–EU relations">edit</a>]</div> For the European Commission, the European Union's relationship with Africa is a key priority. The future Africa-EU partnership vision of the European Commission and the European External Action Service is outlined in the Joint Communication "Towards a Comprehensive Strategy with Africa". It proposes partnering on:<a href="#cite_note-156">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-157">[155]</a> <ul><li>Green Transition and Energy Access</li> <li>Digital Transformation</li> <li>Sustainable Growth and Jobs<a href="#cite_note-158">[156]</a><a href="#cite_note-africa-eu-partnership.org-159">[157]</a></li> <li>Peace, Security and Governance<a href="#cite_note-africa-eu-partnership.org-159">[157]</a></li> <li>Migration and Mobility<a href="#cite_note-160">[158]</a></li></ul> On 2 December 2020, five Africa-Europe Foundation Strategy Groups were established in the areas of Health, Digital, Agriculture and Sustainable Food Systems, Sustainable energy and Transport and Connectivity. It was done together with a consortium comprising Friends of Europe, Mo Ibrahim Foundation and IPEMED.<a href="#cite_note-161">[159]</a> In regards to strengthening resilience, peace, security and governance, the African Union and the European Union recognize that resilience, peace, security and governance are all closely linked. Peace and security are important elements for sustainable development, prosperity and resilience of societies.<a href="#cite_note-africa-eu-partnership.org-159">[157]</a> For ensuring peace and security, it had worked out the African Peace Facility.<a href="#cite_note-162">[160]</a> This has been itself replaced in 2021 by the European Peace Facility.<a href="#cite_note-163">[161]</a><a href="#cite_note-164">[162]</a> The AU and EU are also partnering on promoting sustainable resources management, <a href="/wiki/Climate_change_adaptation" title="Climate change adaptation">environmental resilience</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Africa" title="Climate change in Africa">climate change mitigation</a><a href="#cite_note-africa-eu-partnership.org-159">[157]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Africa_Adaptation_Initiative" class="mw-redirect" title="Africa Adaptation Initiative">Africa Adaptation Initiative</a> is also being supported by the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>.<a href="#cite_note-165">[163]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Africa–India_relations">Africa–India relations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=African_Union&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Africa–India relations">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Africa-India_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Africa-India relations">Africa-India relations</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Prime_Minister,_Dr._Manmohan_Singh_addressing_the_First_India-Africa_Forum_Summit_in_New_Delhi_on_April_08,_2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/The_Prime_Minister%2C_Dr._Manmohan_Singh_addressing_the_First_India-Africa_Forum_Summit_in_New_Delhi_on_April_08%2C_2008.jpg/220px-The_Prime_Minister%2C_Dr._Manmohan_Singh_addressing_the_First_India-Africa_Forum_Summit_in_New_Delhi_on_April_08%2C_2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/The_Prime_Minister%2C_Dr._Manmohan_Singh_addressing_the_First_India-Africa_Forum_Summit_in_New_Delhi_on_April_08%2C_2008.jpg/330px-The_Prime_Minister%2C_Dr._Manmohan_Singh_addressing_the_First_India-Africa_Forum_Summit_in_New_Delhi_on_April_08%2C_2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/The_Prime_Minister%2C_Dr._Manmohan_Singh_addressing_the_First_India-Africa_Forum_Summit_in_New_Delhi_on_April_08%2C_2008.jpg/440px-The_Prime_Minister%2C_Dr._Manmohan_Singh_addressing_the_First_India-Africa_Forum_Summit_in_New_Delhi_on_April_08%2C_2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2200" data-file-height="1371" /></a><figcaption>Inaugural <a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Africa_Forum_Summit" title="India–Africa Forum Summit">India–Africa Forum Summit</a> held in New Delhi, 2008</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Africa_Forum_Summit" title="India–Africa Forum Summit">India–Africa Forum Summit</a> (IAFS) is the official platform for the <a href="/wiki/Africa-India_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Africa-India relations">African-Indian relations</a>. IAFS is held once in every three years. It was first held from April 4 to April 8, 2008 in <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>.<a href="#cite_note-166">[164]</a> In 2015, the <a href="/wiki/Third_India-Africa_Forum_Summit" class="mw-redirect" title="Third India-Africa Forum Summit">Third India-Africa Forum Summit</a> was held in <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a> and summit was attended by 51 heads of states of the African Union.<a href="#cite_note-167">[165]</a> In 2023, the African Union was admitted to <a href="/wiki/G20" title="G20">G20</a> under the presidency of <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, chaired by Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Africa–Russia_relations">Africa–Russia relations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=African_Union&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Africa–Russia relations">edit</a>]</div> Russia hosted the first <a href="/wiki/2019_Russia%E2%80%93Africa_Summit" title="2019 Russia–Africa Summit">Africa-Russia heads-of-state summit</a> on October 23–24, 2019, Representatives from all 54 African states, including 43 heads-of-state or government, attended the summit. The second summit is expected to be held this year, though the date and venue of the summit are not yet determined.<a href="#cite_note-168">[166]</a> The <a href="/wiki/2023_Russia-Africa_Summit" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Russia-Africa Summit">second Russia-Africa Summit</a> was scheduled for October 2022 in <a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa" title="Addis Ababa">Addis Ababa</a>, but was then rescheduled to 26–29 July 2023 in <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a>.<a href="#cite_note-169">[167]</a><a href="#cite_note-170">[168]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Africa–South_Korea_relations">Africa–South Korea relations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=African_Union&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Africa–South Korea relations">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Africa%E2%80%93South_Korea_relations" title="Africa–South Korea relations">Africa–South Korea relations</a></div> The first summit was the <a href="/wiki/2024_South_Korea%E2%80%93Africa_Summit" title="2024 South Korea–Africa Summit">South Korea–Africa Summit</a>, Seoul in June 2024.<a href="#cite_note-171">[169]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Africa–Turkey_relations">Africa–Turkey relations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=African_Union&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Africa–Turkey relations">edit</a>]</div> Turkey–Africa relations have gained substantial momentum since the declaration of Turkey as a strategic partner of the continent by the African Union in January 2008. Since 2008, various major summits and meetings have been taking place between Turkey and AU. The first summit was The Turkey–Africa Cooperation summit, Istanbul in August 2008.<a href="#cite_note-172">[170]</a> As of 2020, Turkey has embassies in 42 countries and commercial counselors in 26 countries on the Africa continent. Turkey's national flag carrier <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Airlines" title="Turkish Airlines">Turkish Airlines</a> also flies to 35 destinations on the continent. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Africa–United_States_relations">Africa–United States relations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=African_Union&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Africa–United States relations">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:P20221215AS-1181_(52651359240).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/P20221215AS-1181_%2852651359240%29.jpg/220px-P20221215AS-1181_%2852651359240%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/P20221215AS-1181_%2852651359240%29.jpg/330px-P20221215AS-1181_%2852651359240%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/P20221215AS-1181_%2852651359240%29.jpg/440px-P20221215AS-1181_%2852651359240%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/African_Union_Commission" title="African Union Commission">AUC</a> Chairperson <a href="/wiki/Moussa_Faki" title="Moussa Faki">Moussa Faki</a>, US President <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> and African leaders at the <a href="/wiki/United_States%E2%80%93Africa_Leaders_Summit_2022" title="United States–Africa Leaders Summit 2022">United States–Africa Leaders Summit</a> in Washington, D.C., 15 December 2022</figcaption></figure> In 2017, <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>, <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a>, issued an executive order to ban citizens from seven countries with suspected links to terrorism from entering the United States. Three of these are African countries, and members of the AU. During the 28th African Union Summit in Ethiopia, African leaders criticised the ban as they expressed their growing concerns for the future of the African economy under President Trump's leadership and subsequent policies.<a href="#cite_note-173">[171]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Africa–Israel_relations">Africa–Israel relations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=African_Union&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Africa–Israel relations">edit</a>]</div> The African Union periodically invites the President of the State of Palestine to make an opening speech during its annual Summit in Addis Ababa. According to Article 10 of the Rules of Procedure of the Union, during the opening of the meeting sessions, the President of the State of Palestine in person is entitled to make an opening speech. After the <a href="/wiki/Operation_Al-Aqsa_Flood" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Al-Aqsa Flood">Hamas attack on Israel</a> in October 2023, African Union Commission Chairperson <a href="/wiki/Moussa_Faki" title="Moussa Faki">Moussa Faki</a> expressed his "utmost concern" at the situation and called for an immediate cessation of hostilities; additionally, he recalled that denial of the fundamental rights of the Palestinian people, particularly that of an independent and sovereign <a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">State of Palestine</a>, was the "main cause of the permanent Israeli-Palestinian tension."<a href="#cite_note-174">[172]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=African_Union&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Economy">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_African_Union" title="Economy of the African Union">Economy of the African Union</a></div> The <a href="/wiki/African_Continental_Free_Trade_Area" title="African Continental Free Trade Area">African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA)</a> was created among 54 of the 55 AU nations, with trade commencing as of 1 January 2021.<a href="#cite_note-175">[173]</a> The <a href="/wiki/African_Export%E2%80%93Import_Bank" title="African Export–Import Bank">African Export–Import Bank</a>, to support this initiative, created the <a href="/wiki/Pan-African_Payment_and_Settlement_System" title="Pan-African Payment and Settlement System">Pan-African Payment and Settlement System</a>. The AU's future goals include a <a href="/wiki/Customs_union" title="Customs union">customs union</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Single_market" title="Single market">single market</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Central_bank" title="Central bank">central bank</a>, and a common currency (see <a href="/wiki/African_Monetary_Union" title="African Monetary Union">African Monetary Union</a>), thereby establishing <a href="/wiki/Economic_and_monetary_union" title="Economic and monetary union">economic and monetary union</a>.<a href="#cite_note-176">[174]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indicators">Indicators</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=African_Union&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Indicators">edit</a>]</div> The following table shows various data for AU member states, including area, population, economic output and income inequality, as well as various indices, including human development, viability of the state, perception of corruption, economic freedom, state of peace, freedom of the press and democratic level. <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Country </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_outlying_territories_by_total_area" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries and outlying territories by total area">Land Area</a> (km2) 2015<a href="#cite_note-wdi-177">[175]</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by population">Population</a> 2021<a href="#cite_note-UN_WPP-178">[176]</a><a href="#cite_note-UN_WPP_2022-179">[177]</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP)">GDP (PPP)</a> (<a href="/wiki/Geary%E2%80%93Khamis_dollar" class="mw-redirect" title="Geary–Khamis dollar">Intl. $</a>) 2015<a href="#cite_note-wdi-177">[175]</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita">GDP (PPP)</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita">per capita</a> (<a href="/wiki/Geary%E2%80%93Khamis_dollar" class="mw-redirect" title="Geary–Khamis dollar">Intl. $</a>) 2015<a href="#cite_note-wdi-177">[175]</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> 2014<a href="#cite_note-:0-180">[178]</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Fragile_States_Index" title="Fragile States Index">FSI</a> 2016<a href="#cite_note-181">[179]</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Corruption_Perceptions_Index" title="Corruption Perceptions Index">CPI</a> 2016<a href="#cite_note-182">[180]</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Economic_Freedom" title="Index of Economic Freedom">IEF</a> 2016<a href="#cite_note-183">[181]</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Global_Peace_Index" title="Global Peace Index">GPI</a> 2016<a href="#cite_note-184">[182]</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Press_Freedom_Index" class="mw-redirect" title="Press Freedom Index">WPFI</a> 2016<a href="#cite_note-185">[183]</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Democracy_Index" class="mw-redirect" title="Democracy Index">DI</a> 2016<a href="#cite_note-186">[184]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a> </td> <td>2,381,741 </td> <td>44,177,969 </td> <td>548,293,085,686 </td> <td>13,823 </td> <td>0.736 </td> <td>78.3 </td> <td>34 </td> <td>50.06 </td> <td>2.21 </td> <td>41.69 </td> <td>3.56 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/23px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/35px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/45px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a> </td> <td>1,246,700 </td> <td>34,503,774 </td> <td>173,593,223,667 </td> <td>6,938 </td> <td>0.532 </td> <td>90.5 </td> <td>18 </td> <td>48.94 </td> <td>2.14 </td> <td>39.89 </td> <td>3.40 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/23px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/35px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/45px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a> </td> <td>112,760 </td> <td>12,996,895 </td> <td>21,016,184,357 </td> <td>1,932 </td> <td>0.48 </td> <td>78.9 </td> <td>36 </td> <td>59.31 </td> <td>2.00 </td> <td>28.97 </td> <td>5.67 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Botswana.svg/23px-Flag_of_Botswana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Botswana.svg/35px-Flag_of_Botswana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_Botswana.svg/45px-Flag_of_Botswana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a> </td> <td>566,730 </td> <td>2,588,423 </td> <td>33,657,545,969 </td> <td>14,876 </td> <td>0.698 </td> <td>63.5 </td> <td>60 </td> <td>71.07 </td> <td>1.64 </td> <td>22.91 </td> <td>7.87 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/23px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/35px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/45px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a> </td> <td>273,600 </td> <td>22,100,683 </td> <td>28,840,666,622 </td> <td>1,593 </td> <td>0.402 </td> <td>89.4 </td> <td>42 </td> <td>59.09 </td> <td>2.06 </td> <td>22.66 </td> <td>4.70 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Burundi.svg/23px-Flag_of_Burundi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Burundi.svg/35px-Flag_of_Burundi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Burundi.svg/46px-Flag_of_Burundi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi</a> </td> <td>25,680 </td> <td>12,551,213 </td> <td>7,634,578,343 </td> <td>300 </td> <td>0.4 </td> <td>100.7 </td> <td>20 </td> <td>53.91 </td> <td>2.50 </td> <td>54.10 </td> <td>2.40 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1020" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde" title="Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a> </td> <td>4,030 </td> <td>587,925 </td> <td>3,205,197,585 </td> <td>6,158 </td> <td>0.646 </td> <td>71.5 </td> <td>59 </td> <td>66.46 </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>19.82 </td> <td>7.94 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a> </td> <td>472,710 </td> <td>27,198,628 </td> <td>68,302,439,597 </td> <td>2,926 </td> <td>0.512 </td> <td>97.8 </td> <td>26 </td> <td>54.18 </td> <td>2.36 </td> <td>40.53 </td> <td>3.46 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic" title="Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a> </td> <td>622,980 </td> <td>5,457,154 </td> <td>2,847,726,468 </td> <td>581 </td> <td>0.35 </td> <td>112.1 </td> <td>20 </td> <td>45.23 </td> <td>3.35 </td> <td>33.60 </td> <td>1.61 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Chad.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a> </td> <td>1,259,200 </td> <td>17,179,740 </td> <td>28,686,194,920 </td> <td>2,044 </td> <td>0.392 </td> <td>110.1 </td> <td>20 </td> <td>46.33 </td> <td>2.46 </td> <td>40.59 </td> <td>1.50 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros">Comoros</a> </td> <td>1,861 </td> <td>821,625 </td> <td>1,098,546,195 </td> <td>1,393 </td> <td>0.503 </td> <td>83.8 </td> <td>24 </td> <td>52.35 </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>24.33 </td> <td>3.71 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/31px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Congo, Democratic Republic of the</a> </td> <td>2,267,050 </td> <td>95,894,118 </td> <td>56,920,935,460 </td> <td>300 </td> <td>0.433 </td> <td> </td> <td>21 </td> <td>46.38 </td> <td>3.11 </td> <td>50.97 </td> <td>1.93 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Republic of the Congo">Congo, Republic of the</a> </td> <td>341,500 </td> <td>5,835,806 </td> <td>27,690,345,067 </td> <td>5,993 </td> <td>0.591 </td> <td>92.2 </td> <td>20 </td> <td>42.80 </td> <td>2.25 </td> <td>35.84 </td> <td>2.91 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/23px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/35px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Djibouti.svg/45px-Flag_of_Djibouti.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a> </td> <td>23,180 </td> <td>1,105,557 </td> <td>2,911,406,226 </td> <td>3,279 </td> <td>0.47 </td> <td>89.7 </td> <td>30 </td> <td>55.96 </td> <td>2.29 </td> <td>70.90 </td> <td>2.83 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> </td> <td>1,010,407 </td> <td>109,262,178 </td> <td>1,173,000,000,000 </td> <td>10,250 </td> <td>0.69 </td> <td>90.2 </td> <td>34 </td> <td>55.96 </td> <td>2.57 </td> <td>54.45 </td> <td>3.31 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg/23px-Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg/35px-Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg/45px-Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Equatorial_Guinea" title="Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a> </td> <td>28,050 </td> <td>1,634,466 </td> <td>32,317,928,931 </td> <td>38,243 </td> <td>0.587 </td> <td>85.2 </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>43.67 </td> <td>1.94 </td> <td>66.47 </td> <td>1.70 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Eritrea.svg/23px-Flag_of_Eritrea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Eritrea.svg/35px-Flag_of_Eritrea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Eritrea.svg/46px-Flag_of_Eritrea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a><a href="#cite_note-187">[185]</a> </td> <td>101,000 </td> <td>3,620,312 </td> <td>8,845,000,000b </td> <td>600b </td> <td>0.391 </td> <td>98.6 </td> <td>18 </td> <td>42.7 </td> <td>2.46 </td> <td>83.92 </td> <td>2.37 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Eswatini.svg/23px-Flag_of_Eswatini.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Eswatini.svg/35px-Flag_of_Eswatini.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Eswatini.svg/45px-Flag_of_Eswatini.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini">Eswatini</a> </td> <td>17,204 </td> <td>1,192,271 </td> <td>10,452,834,007 </td> <td>8,122 </td> <td>0.531 </td> <td>87.6 </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>59.65 </td> <td>2.07 </td> <td>52.37 </td> <td>3.03 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a> </td> <td>1,104,300 </td> <td>120,283,026 </td> <td>152,057,290,468 </td> <td>1,530 </td> <td>0.442 </td> <td>97.2 </td> <td>34 </td> <td>51.52 </td> <td>2.28 </td> <td>45.13 </td> <td>3.60 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Gabon.svg/20px-Flag_of_Gabon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Gabon.svg/31px-Flag_of_Gabon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Gabon.svg/40px-Flag_of_Gabon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /> <a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a> </td> <td>257,670 </td> <td>2,341,179 </td> <td>32,539,376,597 </td> <td>18,860 </td> <td>0.684 </td> <td>72 </td> <td>35 </td> <td>58.96 </td> <td>2.03 </td> <td>32.20 </td> <td>3.74 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg/23px-Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg/35px-Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg/45px-Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/The_Gambia" title="The Gambia">Gambia, The</a> </td> <td>10,120 </td> <td>2,639,916 </td> <td>3,140,820,062 </td> <td>1,578 </td> <td>0.441 </td> <td>86.8 </td> <td>26 </td> <td>57.14 </td> <td>2.09 </td> <td>46.53 </td> <td>2.91 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a> </td> <td>227,540 </td> <td>32,833,031 </td> <td>108,393,071,924 </td> <td>3,955 </td> <td>0.579 </td> <td>71.2 </td> <td>43 </td> <td>63.00 </td> <td>1.81 </td> <td>17.95 </td> <td>6.75 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Guinea.svg/45px-Flag_of_Guinea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a> </td> <td>245,720 </td> <td>13,531,906 </td> <td>14,316,884,358 </td> <td>1,135 </td> <td>0.411 </td> <td>103.8 </td> <td>27 </td> <td>53.33 </td> <td>2.15 </td> <td>33.08 </td> <td>3.14 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg/46px-Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a> </td> <td>28,120 </td> <td>2,060,721 </td> <td>2,521,743,682 </td> <td>1,367 </td> <td>0.42 </td> <td>99.8 </td> <td>16 </td> <td>51.81 </td> <td>2.26 </td> <td>29.03 </td> <td>1.98 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/23px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/35px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/45px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a> </td> <td>318,000 </td> <td>27,478,249 </td> <td>74,916,780,423 </td> <td>3,300 </td> <td>0.462 </td> <td>97.9 </td> <td>34 </td> <td>60.01 </td> <td>2.28 </td> <td>30.17 </td> <td>3.81 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/45px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a> </td> <td>569,140 </td> <td>53,005,614 </td> <td>133,592,522,053 </td> <td>2,901 </td> <td>0.548 </td> <td>98.3 </td> <td>26 </td> <td>57.51 </td> <td>2.38 </td> <td>31.16 </td> <td>5.33 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_Lesotho.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lesotho.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_Lesotho.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lesotho.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_Lesotho.svg/45px-Flag_of_Lesotho.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a> </td> <td>30,360 </td> <td>2,281,454 </td> <td>5,914,437,068 </td> <td>2,770 </td> <td>0.497 </td> <td>80.9 </td> <td>39 </td> <td>50.62 </td> <td>1.94 </td> <td>28.78 </td> <td>6.59 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Liberia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Liberia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Liberia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Liberia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Liberia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Liberia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1140" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberia</a> </td> <td>96,320 </td> <td>5,193,416 </td> <td>3,533,313,381 </td> <td>500 </td> <td>0.43 </td> <td>95.5 </td> <td>37 </td> <td>52.19 </td> <td>2.00 </td> <td>30.71 </td> <td>5.31 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/46px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /> <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a><a href="#cite_note-188">[186]</a> </td> <td>1,759,540 </td> <td>6,735,277 </td> <td>94,010,000,000b </td> <td>14,900b </td> <td>0.724 </td> <td>96.4 </td> <td>14 </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>3.20 </td> <td>57.89 </td> <td>2.25 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/45px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a> </td> <td>581,800 </td> <td>28,915,653 </td> <td>33,354,200,458 </td> <td>1,376 </td> <td>0.51 </td> <td>84.2 </td> <td>26 </td> <td>61.06 </td> <td>1.76 </td> <td>27.04 </td> <td>5.07 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Malawi.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malawi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Malawi.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malawi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Malawi.svg/45px-Flag_of_Malawi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a> </td> <td>94,280 </td> <td>19,889,742 </td> <td>19,137,290,349 </td> <td>1,112 </td> <td>0.445 </td> <td>87.6 </td> <td>31 </td> <td>51.8 </td> <td>1.82 </td> <td>28.12 </td> <td>5.55 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a> </td> <td>1,220,190 </td> <td>21,904,983 </td> <td>33,524,899,739 </td> <td>1,905 </td> <td>0.419 </td> <td>95.2 </td> <td>32 </td> <td>56.54 </td> <td>2.49 </td> <td>39.83 </td> <td>5.70 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a><a href="#cite_note-189">[187]</a> </td> <td>1,030,700 </td> <td>4,614,974 </td> <td>16,190,000,000b </td> <td>4,400b </td> <td>0.506 </td> <td>95.4 </td> <td>27 </td> <td>54.8 </td> <td>2.30 </td> <td>24.03 </td> <td>3.96 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Mauritius.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mauritius.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Mauritius.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mauritius.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Mauritius.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mauritius.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a> </td> <td>2,030 </td> <td>1,298,915 </td> <td>23,817,914,134 </td> <td>18,864 </td> <td>0.777 </td> <td>43.2 </td> <td>54 </td> <td>74.73 </td> <td>1.56 </td> <td>27.69 </td> <td>8.28 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/23px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/35px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/45px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a> </td> <td>446,300 </td> <td>37,076,584 </td> <td>257,398,957,178 </td> <td>7,365 </td> <td>0.628 </td> <td>74.2 </td> <td>37 </td> <td>61.27 </td> <td>2.09 </td> <td>42.64 </td> <td>4.77 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Mozambique.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mozambique.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a> </td> <td>786,380 </td> <td>32,077,072 </td> <td>31,326,751,237 </td> <td>1,120 </td> <td>0.416 </td> <td>87.8 </td> <td>27 </td> <td>53.19 </td> <td>1.96 </td> <td>30.25 </td> <td>4.02 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a> </td> <td>823,290 </td> <td>2,530,151 </td> <td>24,043,436,006 </td> <td>9,778 </td> <td>0.628 </td> <td>71.1 </td> <td>52 </td> <td>61.85 </td> <td>1.87 </td> <td>15.15 </td> <td>6.31 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/18px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/27px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_Niger.svg/35px-Flag_of_Niger.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a> </td> <td>1,266,700 </td> <td>25,252,722 </td> <td>17,857,377,171 </td> <td>897 </td> <td>0.348 </td> <td>98.4 </td> <td>35 </td> <td>54.26 </td> <td>2.24 </td> <td>24.62 </td> <td>3.96 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a> </td> <td>910,770 </td> <td>213,401,323 </td> <td>1,168,000,000,000 </td> <td>5,639 </td> <td>0.514 </td> <td>103.5 </td> <td>28 </td> <td>57.46 </td> <td>2.88 </td> <td>35.90 </td> <td>4.50 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/23px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/35px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Rwanda.svg/45px-Flag_of_Rwanda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a> </td> <td>24,670 </td> <td>13,461,888 </td> <td>19,216,033,048 </td> <td>1,655 </td> <td>0.483 </td> <td>91.3 </td> <td>54 </td> <td>63.07 </td> <td>2.32 </td> <td>54.61 </td> <td>3.07 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg/23px-Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg/35px-Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg/46px-Flag_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a> </td> <td>960 </td> <td>223,107 </td> <td>575,391,345 </td> <td>3,023 </td> <td>0.555 </td> <td>72.9 </td> <td>46 </td> <td>56.71 </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>N/A </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a> </td> <td>192,530 </td> <td>16,876,720 </td> <td>34,398,281,018 </td> <td>2,274 </td> <td>0.466 </td> <td>83.6 </td> <td>45 </td> <td>58.09 </td> <td>1.98 </td> <td>27.99 </td> <td>6.21 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Seychelles.svg/23px-Flag_of_Seychelles.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Seychelles.svg/35px-Flag_of_Seychelles.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Seychelles.svg/46px-Flag_of_Seychelles.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a> </td> <td>460 </td> <td>106,471 </td> <td>2,384,515,771 </td> <td>25,525 </td> <td>0.772 </td> <td>60.2 </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>62.2 </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>30.60 </td> <td>N/A </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg/45px-Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a> </td> <td>72,180 </td> <td>8,420,641 </td> <td>9,511,431,824 </td> <td>1,474 </td> <td>0.413 </td> <td>91 </td> <td>30 </td> <td>52.31 </td> <td>1.81 </td> <td>29.94 </td> <td>4.55 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a><a href="#cite_note-190">[188]</a> </td> <td>627,340 </td> <td>17,065,581 </td> <td>5,900,000,000c </td> <td>600c </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>114 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>3.41 </td> <td>65.35 </td> <td>N/A </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a> </td> <td>1,213,090 </td> <td>59,392,255 </td> <td>742,461,000,000 </td> <td>12,393 </td> <td>0.666 </td> <td>69.9 </td> <td>45 </td> <td>61.9 </td> <td>2.32 </td> <td>21.92 </td> <td>7.41 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg/46px-Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1140" data-file-height="570" /> <a href="/wiki/South_Sudan" title="South Sudan">South Sudan</a> </td> <td>619,745 </td> <td>10,748,272 </td> <td>21,484,823,398 </td> <td>1,741 </td> <td>0.467 </td> <td>113.8 </td> <td>11 </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>3.59 </td> <td>44.87 </td> <td>N/A </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a> </td> <td>1,886,086 </td> <td>45,657,202 </td> <td>165,813,461,495 </td> <td>4,121 </td> <td>0.479 </td> <td>111.5 </td> <td>14 </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>3.27 </td> <td>72.53 </td> <td>2.37 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Tanzania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Tanzania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a> </td> <td>885,800 </td> <td>63,588,334 </td> <td>130,297,806,032 </td> <td>2,510 </td> <td>0.521 </td> <td>81.8 </td> <td>32 </td> <td>58.46 </td> <td>1.90 </td> <td>28.65 </td> <td>5.76 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a> </td> <td>54,390 </td> <td>8,644,829 </td> <td>10,018,697,437 </td> <td>1,372 </td> <td>0.484 </td> <td>85.8 </td> <td>32 </td> <td>53.64 </td> <td>1.95 </td> <td>30.31 </td> <td>3.32 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a> </td> <td>155,360 </td> <td>12,262,946 </td> <td>121,200,025,401 </td> <td>10,770 </td> <td>0.721 </td> <td>74.6 </td> <td>41 </td> <td>57.55 </td> <td>1.95 </td> <td>31.60 </td> <td>6.40 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/45px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a> </td> <td>200,520 </td> <td>45,853,778 </td> <td>67,856,334,117 </td> <td>1,738 </td> <td>0.483 </td> <td>97.7 </td> <td>25 </td> <td>59.26 </td> <td>2.15 </td> <td>32.58 </td> <td>5.26 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" title="Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic">Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic</a><a href="#cite_note-191">[189]</a> </td> <td>266,000 </td> <td>565,581 </td> <td>906,500,000d </td> <td>2,500d </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>N/A </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a> </td> <td>743,390 </td> <td>19,473,125 </td> <td>58,400,082,027 </td> <td>3,602 </td> <td>0.586 </td> <td>86.3 </td> <td>38 </td> <td>58.79 </td> <td>1.78 </td> <td>35.08 </td> <td>5.99 </td></tr> <tr> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/46px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a> </td> <td>386,850 </td> <td>15,993,524 </td> <td>26,180,942,292 </td> <td>500 </td> <td>0.509 </td> <td>100.5 </td> <td>22 </td> <td>38.23 </td> <td>2.32 </td> <td>40.41 </td> <td>3.05 </td></tr> <tr> <td> African Union </td> <td>30,370,000 </td> <td>1,393,676,444 </td> <td>5,457,724,064,668 </td> <td>4,602 </td> <td>0.524d </td> <td>88.99d </td> <td>31.51d </td> <td>55.55d </td> <td>2.27 </td> <td>37.89 </td> <td>4.30 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Country </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_outlying_territories_by_total_area" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries and outlying territories by total area">Land Area</a> (km2) 2015 </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by population">Population</a> 2021 </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP)">GDP (PPP)</a> (<a href="/wiki/Geary%E2%80%93Khamis_dollar" class="mw-redirect" title="Geary–Khamis dollar">Intl. $</a>) 2015 </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita">GDP (PPP)</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita">per capita</a> (<a href="/wiki/Geary%E2%80%93Khamis_dollar" class="mw-redirect" title="Geary–Khamis dollar">Intl. $</a>) 2015 </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> 2014 </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Fragile_States_Index" title="Fragile States Index">FSI</a> 2016 </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Corruption_Perceptions_Index" title="Corruption Perceptions Index">CPI</a> 2016 </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Economic_Freedom" title="Index of Economic Freedom">IEF</a> 2016 </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Global_Peace_Index" title="Global Peace Index">GPI</a> 2016 </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Reporters_Without_Borders" title="Reporters Without Borders">WPFI</a> 2016 </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Democracy_Index" class="mw-redirect" title="Democracy Index">DI</a> 2016 </th></tr></tbody></table> a External data from 2016. b External data from 2015. c External data from 2014. d AU total used for indicators 1 through 3; AU weighted average used for indicator 4; AU unweighted average used for indicators 5 through 12. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=African_Union&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Culture">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Symbols">Symbols</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=African_Union&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Symbols">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_African_Union.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f5/Emblem_of_the_African_Union.svg/200px-Emblem_of_the_African_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f5/Emblem_of_the_African_Union.svg/300px-Emblem_of_the_African_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f5/Emblem_of_the_African_Union.svg/400px-Emblem_of_the_African_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="145" data-file-height="130" /></a><figcaption>Emblem of the African Union</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_the_African_Union" title="Emblem of the African Union">emblem of the African Union</a> consists of a gold ribbon bearing small interlocking red rings, from which palm leaves shoot up around an outer gold circle and an inner green circle, within which is a gold representation of Africa. The red interlinked rings stand for African solidarity and the blood shed for the liberation of Africa; the palm leaves, for peace; the gold, for Africa's wealth and bright future; the green, for African hopes and aspirations. To symbolise African unity, the silhouette of Africa is drawn without internal borders.<a href="#cite_note-192">[190]</a> The African Union adopted its new flag at its 14th Ordinary Session of the Assembly of Heads of State and Government taking place in Addis Ababa 2010. During the 8th African Union Summit which took place in Addis Ababa on 29 and 30 January 2007, the Heads of State and Government decided to launch a competition for the selection of a new flag for the Union. They prescribed a green background for the flag symbolising hope of Africa and stars to represent Member States. Pursuant to this decision, the African Union Commission (AUC) organised a competition for the selection of a new flag for the African Union. The AUC received a total of 106 entries proposed by citizens of 19 African countries and 2 from the Diaspora. The proposals were then examined by a panel of experts put in place by the African Union Commission and selected from the five African regions for short listing according to the main directions given by the Heads of State and Government.<a href="#cite_note-bojia-193">[191]</a> At the 13th Ordinary Session of the Assembly, the Heads of State and Government examined the report of the Panel and selected one among all the proposals. The flag is now part of the paraphernalia of the African Union and replaces the old one. The old <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_African_Union" title="Flag of the African Union">flag of the African Union</a> bears a broad green horizontal stripe, a narrow band of gold, the emblem of the African Union at the centre of a broad white stripe, another narrow gold band and a final broad green stripe. Again, the green and gold symbolise Africa's hopes and aspirations as well as its wealth and bright future, and the white represents the purity of Africa's desire for friends throughout the world. The flag has led to the creation of the "<a href="/wiki/National_colours" title="National colours">national colours</a>" of Africa of gold and green (sometimes together with white). These colours are visible in one way or another in the flags of many African nations. Together the colours green, gold, and red constitute the <a href="/wiki/Pan-African_colours" title="Pan-African colours">Pan-African colours</a>. The African Union has adopted the anthem "<a href="/wiki/Let_Us_All_Unite_and_Celebrate_Together" title="Let Us All Unite and Celebrate Together">Let Us All Unite and Celebrate Together</a>". <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Celebration">Celebration</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=African_Union&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Celebration">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Africa_Day" title="Africa Day">Africa Day</a> (formerly African Freedom Day and African Liberation Day) is an annual commemoration regarding the founding of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU), on 25 May 1963, and occurring on the same date of the month each year. Other celebrations include the following: <ul><li>The Fez Festival of World Sacred Music: a week-long celebration for harmony between cultures with dancing, Moroccan music, art exhibitions and films.<a href="#cite_note-194">[192]</a></li> <li>The Knysna <a href="/wiki/Oyster_festival" title="Oyster festival">Oyster festival</a>: held in <a href="/wiki/Knysna" title="Knysna">Knysna</a> and focused around sport, food and their oyster heritage.<a href="#cite_note-195">[193]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_of_Stars_Festival" title="Lake of Stars Festival">Lake of Stars Festival</a>: three-day celebration that takes place in <a href="/wiki/Lake_Malawi" title="Lake Malawi">Lake Malawi</a>, showcasing African music and welcoming people from around the world.<a href="#cite_note-196">[194]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%AAte_du_Vodoun" title="Fête du Vodoun">Fête du Vodoun</a>: also known as the Ouidah Voodoo Festival. It is centred around their rituals on voodoo temples, with entertainment that includes horse races and traditional drum performances.<a href="#cite_note-197">[195]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umhlanga_(ceremony)" title="Umhlanga (ceremony)">Umhlanga (ceremony)</a>: is mainly a private event for young women but on the sixth and seventh days the traditions are done publicly.<a href="#cite_note-198">[196]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Border_Day" title="African Border Day">African Border Day</a> is celebrated annually on 7 June to promote peace, <a href="/wiki/Cross-border_cooperation" title="Cross-border cooperation">cross-border cooperation</a> and regional and continental integration in Africa</li> <li>Marsabit Lake Turkana Cultural Festival: held in Kenya and celebrates harmony amongst tribes with their culture, singing, dancing and traditional costumes.<a href="#cite_note-199">[197]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enkutatash" title="Enkutatash">Enkutatash</a> is the word for the Ethiopian New Year in Amharic, the official language of Ethiopia. It occurs on 11 September in the Gregorian Calendar; except for the year preceding a leap year, when it occurs on 12 September.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Current_issues">Current issues</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=African_Union&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Current issues">edit</a>]</div> The AU faces many challenges, including health issues such as combating <a href="/wiki/Malaria" title="Malaria">malaria</a> and the <a href="/wiki/AIDS/HIV" class="mw-redirect" title="AIDS/HIV">AIDS/HIV</a> epidemic; political issues such as confronting undemocratic regimes and mediating in the many civil wars; economic issues such as improving the <a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">standard of living</a> of millions of impoverished, uneducated Africans; ecological issues such as dealing with recurring famines, <a href="/wiki/Desertification" title="Desertification">desertification</a>, and lack of ecological <a href="/wiki/Sustainability" title="Sustainability">sustainability</a>; as well as the <a href="/wiki/International_law" title="International law">legal</a> <a href="/wiki/Legal_status_of_Western_Sahara" class="mw-redirect" title="Legal status of Western Sahara">issues regarding Western Sahara</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Health">Health</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=African_Union&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Health">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="AIDS_in_Africa">AIDS in Africa</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=African_Union&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: AIDS in Africa">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HIV_in_Africa_2011.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/HIV_in_Africa_2011.svg/260px-HIV_in_Africa_2011.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/HIV_in_Africa_2011.svg/390px-HIV_in_Africa_2011.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/HIV_in_Africa_2011.svg/520px-HIV_in_Africa_2011.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Prevalence of HIV/AIDS in Africa, total (% of population ages 15–49), in 2011 (<a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a>) <table style="width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  over 15%</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  5–15%</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  2–5%</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  1–2%</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  0.5–1%</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  0.1–0.5%</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  not available</div> </td></tr></tbody></table></figcaption></figure> The AU has been active in addressing the AIDS pandemic in Africa. In 2001, the AU established AIDS Watch Africa to coordinate and mobilise a continent-wide response.<a href="#cite_note-200">[198]</a> <a href="/wiki/Sub-Saharan_Africa" title="Sub-Saharan Africa">Sub-Saharan Africa</a>, especially southern and eastern Africa, is the most affected area in the world. Though this region is home to only 6.2% of the world's population, it is also home to half of the world's population infected with HIV.<a href="#cite_note-201">[199]</a> While the measurement of HIV prevalence rates has proved methodologically challenging, more than 20% of the sexually active population of many countries of southern Africa may be infected, with South Africa, Botswana, <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a>, Namibia, and <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a> all expected to have a decrease in <a href="/wiki/Life_expectancy" title="Life expectancy">life expectancy</a> by an average of 6.5 years. The pandemic has had massive implications for the economy of the continent, reducing economic growth rates by 2–4% across Africa.<a href="#cite_note-202">[200]</a> In July 2007, the AU endorsed two new initiatives to combat the AIDS crisis, including a push to recruit, train and integrate two million community health workers into the continent's healthcare systems.<a href="#cite_note-203">[201]</a> In January 2012, the African Union Assembly requested that the African Union Commission would work out "a roadmap of shared responsibility to draw on African efforts for a viable health funding with support of traditional and emerging partners to address AIDS dependency response." Once created, the roadmap (as it is officially known) provided a group of solutions that would enhance the shared responsibility and global solidarity for <a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS" title="HIV/AIDS">AIDS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis">TB</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Malaria" title="Malaria">Malaria</a> responses in Africa by 2015. The roadmap was organised into three pillars: diversified financing, access to medicines, and enhanced health governance. The roadmap held stakeholders accountable for the realisation of these solutions between 2012 and 2015. The first pillar, diversified financing, ensures that countries begin to develop a country specific financial sustainability plans with clear targets, and identify and maximise opportunities to diversify funding sources in order to increase the domestic resource allocation to AIDS and other diseases. The second pillar, access to affordable and quality-assured medicines, tries to promote and facilitate investing in leading medicine hub manufacturers in Africa, accelerate and strengthen medicine regulatory harmonisation, and create legislation that would help to protect the knowledge of the researchers who develop these life-saving medicines. The third pillar, enhanced leadership and governance, tries to invest in programs that support people and communities to prevent HIV and ensure that leadership at all levels is mobilised to implement the roadmap. There are several organisations that will ensure the smooth implementation of the roadmap, including <a href="/wiki/New_Partnership_for_Africa%27s_Development" title="New Partnership for Africa's Development">NEPAD</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joint_United_Nations_Programme_on_HIV/AIDS" title="Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS">UNAIDS</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">WHO</a>, and several other UN partners.<a href="#cite_note-204">[202]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="COVID-19_pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=African_Union&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: COVID-19 pandemic">edit</a>]</div> By February 2021, the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Africa">COVID-19 pandemic in Africa</a> had resulted in 3.6 million confirmed cases and 89,000 related deaths, and only 25% of African countries had adequate plans for vaccination, according to the <a href="/wiki/Africa_Centres_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention">Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention</a> (Africa CDC).<a href="#cite_note-2021_priorities-205">[203]</a> The pandemic has also devastated economies around the world, including in Africa. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Corruption">Corruption</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=African_Union&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Corruption">edit</a>]</div> Daniel Batidam, an anti-corruption advisory board member of the African Union, resigned after stating that the organisation had "multiple irregularities" and that "issues have come up over and over again" regarding corruption. The African Union quickly accepted his resignation, with Batidam saying that it was a sign that mismanagement towards corruption will "continue with business as usual".<a href="#cite_note-206">[204]</a> In a story published on 12 March 2020, AU staff alleged that Commission chairman Moussa Faki Mahamat was guilty of corruption and cronyism, as well as running of a "mafia-style cartel" that operates with impunity.<a href="#cite_note-207">[205]</a> The allegations were contained in a memo leaked to the South African <a href="/wiki/Mail_%26_Guardian" title="Mail & Guardian">Mail & Guardian</a>. This followed <a href="/wiki/Sexual_harassment" title="Sexual harassment">sexual harassment</a> allegations raised in late 2018. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Libya">Libya</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=African_Union&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Libya">edit</a>]</div> In 2011, when the conflict in Libya began, the African Union was initially criticised for doing little to prevent the conflict's escalation. Additionally, the AU hesitated to take a side. It was unclear whether the AU supported the Libyan regime or the rebels. This occurred as several human right violations were perpetrated against members of the Libyan regime. It was later realised that the AU's hesitation was due to its lack of capacity and its inability to engage in democratic reform.<a href="#cite_note-:2-208">[206]</a> The AU attempted to mediate in the early stages of the <a href="/wiki/2011_Libyan_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="2011 Libyan civil war">2011 Libyan civil war</a>, forming an ad hoc committee of five presidents (<a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Republic of the Congo">Congolese</a> President <a href="/wiki/Denis_Sassou_Nguesso" title="Denis Sassou Nguesso">Denis Sassou Nguesso</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Malian</a> President <a href="/wiki/Amadou_Toumani_Tour%C3%A9" title="Amadou Toumani Touré">Amadou Toumani Touré</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritanian</a> President <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Ould_Abdel_Aziz" title="Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz">Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South African</a> President <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Zuma" title="Jacob Zuma">Jacob Zuma</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Ugandan</a> President <a href="/wiki/Yoweri_Museveni" title="Yoweri Museveni">Yoweri Museveni</a>) to broker a truce.<a href="#cite_note-209">[207]</a> However, the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a>-led <a href="/wiki/2011_military_intervention_in_Libya" title="2011 military intervention in Libya">military intervention</a> in March 2011 prevented the committee from traveling to <a href="/wiki/Great_Socialist_People%27s_Libyan_Arab_Jamahiriya" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya">Libya</a> to meet with Libyan leader <a href="/wiki/Muammar_Gaddafi" title="Muammar Gaddafi">Muammar Gaddafi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-210">[208]</a> As a body, the AU sharply dissented from the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">United Nations Security Council</a>'s decision to create a <a href="/wiki/No-fly_zone" title="No-fly zone">no-fly zone</a> over Libya,<a href="#cite_note-211">[209]</a> though a few member states, such as <a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a>,<a href="#cite_note-212">[210]</a> <a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a>,<a href="#cite_note-213">[211]</a> <a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a>,<a href="#cite_note-214">[212]</a> and others expressed support for <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1973" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 1973">the resolution</a>. As a result of Gaddafi's defeat at the <a href="/wiki/2011_Battle_of_Tripoli" class="mw-redirect" title="2011 Battle of Tripoli">Battle of Tripoli</a> (the war's deciding battle), in August 2011, the <a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a> voted to recognise the anti-Gaddafi <a href="/wiki/National_Transitional_Council" title="National Transitional Council">National Transitional Council</a> as the legitimate government of the country, pending elections.<a href="#cite_note-215">[213]</a> The council has been recognised by several AU member states, including two <a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a> members.<a href="#cite_note-216">[214]</a><a href="#cite_note-217">[215]</a> However, the AU <a href="/wiki/Peace_and_Security_Council" title="Peace and Security Council">Peace and Security Council</a> voted on 26 August 2011 not to recognise it, insisting on a ceasefire and on the formation of a national <a href="/wiki/Unity_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Unity government">unity government</a> by both sides.<a href="#cite_note-218">[216]</a> A number of AU member states led by <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a> requested that the AU recognise the <a href="/wiki/National_Transitional_Council" title="National Transitional Council">NTC</a> as Libya's interim governing authority,<a href="#cite_note-219">[217]</a><a href="#cite_note-220">[218]</a> and several other AU member states have recognised the <a href="/wiki/National_Transitional_Council" title="National Transitional Council">NTC</a> regardless of the Peace and Security Council's decision.<a href="#cite_note-221">[219]</a><a href="#cite_note-222">[220]</a> However, AU member states <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a><a href="#cite_note-223">[221]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a><a href="#cite_note-224">[222]</a> have indicated they will not recognise the <a href="/wiki/National_Transitional_Council" title="National Transitional Council">NTC</a>, and <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a> has expressed reservations as well.<a href="#cite_note-225">[223]</a> On 20 September 2011, the African Union officially recognised the <a href="/wiki/National_Transitional_Council" title="National Transitional Council">National Transitional Council</a> as the legitimate representative of <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a>.<a href="#cite_note-226">[224]</a> In post-Gaddafi Libya, the African Union believes it still has an important responsibility to the country despite its failure to contribute to the conflict when it originated. Although the African Union is there to keep peace, it is not a long-term solution. The goal, as stated by the AU, is to establish a Libyan government that is sustainable to ensuring peace in Libya. To achieve some level of peace in Libya, the AU has to moderate peace talks which are aimed at achieving compromises and power sharing accommodations as well.<a href="#cite_note-:2-208">[206]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military">Military</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=African_Union&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Military">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_African_Union_military_interventions" title="List of African Union military interventions">List of African Union military interventions</a></div> The African Union has the power to militarily intervene on behalf of its member states as laid out in Article 4(h) of the <a href="/wiki/Constitutive_Act_of_the_African_Union" title="Constitutive Act of the African Union">Constitutive Act of the African Union</a>, "in respect of grave circumstances, namely: war crimes, genocide and crimes against humanity."<a href="#cite_note-227">[225]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Togo">Togo</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=African_Union&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Togo">edit</a>]</div> In response to the death of <a href="/wiki/Gnassingb%C3%A9_Eyad%C3%A9ma" title="Gnassingbé Eyadéma">Gnassingbé Eyadéma</a>, President of <a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a>, on 5 February 2005, AU leaders described the appointment of his son, <a href="/wiki/Faure_Gnassingb%C3%A9" title="Faure Gnassingbé">Faure Gnassingbé</a>, to the presidency to have been a <a href="/wiki/Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="Coup d'état">military coup</a>.<a href="#cite_note-228">[226]</a> Togo's constitution calls for the speaker of parliament to succeed the president in the event of his death. By law, the parliament speaker must call national elections to choose a new president within sixty days. The AU's protest forced Gnassingbé to hold elections. Under heavy allegations of election fraud, he was officially elected president on 4 May 2005. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mauritania">Mauritania</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=African_Union&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Mauritania">edit</a>]</div> On 3 August 2005, a coup in <a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a> led the African Union to suspend the country from all organisational activities. The Military Council that took control of Mauritania promised to hold elections within two years.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]<a href="#cite_note-229">[227]</a> These were held in early 2007, the first time that the country had held elections that were generally agreed to be of an acceptable standard. Following the elections, Mauritania's membership of the AU was restored. However, on 6 August 2008, a fresh coup overthrew the government elected in 2007. The AU once again suspended Mauritania from the continental body.<a href="#cite_note-230">[228]</a> The suspension was once again lifted in 2009 after the military junta agreed with the opposition to organise elections.<a href="#cite_note-231">[229]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mali">Mali</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=African_Union&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Mali">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GSPC_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/GSPC_map.png/220px-GSPC_map.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/GSPC_map.png/330px-GSPC_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/GSPC_map.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="350" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_in_the_Islamic_Maghreb" title="Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb">Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb</a> (formerly <a href="/wiki/Salafist_Group_for_Preaching_and_Combat" title="Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat">GSPC</a>) area of operations</figcaption></figure> In March 2012, a military coup was staged in Mali, when an alliance of Touareg and Islamist forces conquered the north, resulting in a coming to power of the Islamists. This resulted in the deaths of hundreds of Malian soldiers and the loss of control over their camps and positions.<a href="#cite_note-232">[230]</a> After a military intervention with help from French troops, the region was in control of the Malian army. To reinstall local authorities, the AU helped to form a caretaker government, supporting it and holding presidential elections in Mali in July 2013.<a href="#cite_note-dandc.eu-233">[231]</a> In 2013, a summit for the African Union was held and it was decided that the African Union was going to enlarge their military presence in Mali. The AU decided to do this because of increasing tensions between al-Qaeda forces and the Mali army. There have been several rebel groups that are vying for control of parts of Mali. These rebel groups include the <a href="/wiki/National_Movement_for_the_Liberation_of_Azawad" title="National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad">National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad (MNLA)</a>, the National Front for the Liberation of Azawad (FLNA), Ganda Koy, Ganda Izo, <a href="/wiki/Ansar_al-Din_Front" title="Ansar al-Din Front">Ansar ad-Din</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">Al-Qaeda</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_in_the_Islamic_Maghreb" title="Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb">Islamic Maghreb (AQIM)</a>. AU forces have been tasked with counterinsurgency missions in Mali as well as governing presidential elections to ensure as smooth a transition of power as possible.<a href="#cite_note-234">[232]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2021_hotspots">2021 hotspots</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=African_Union&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: 2021 hotspots">edit</a>]</div> A disputed election in December 2020 has led to intensification of the <a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic_Civil_War" title="Central African Republic Civil War">Central African Republic Civil War</a>, displacing 200,000 people. United Nations peacekeepers, including soldiers from Russia and Rwanda, have kept the rebels out of <a href="/wiki/Bangui" title="Bangui">Bangui</a>, but rebels control much of the rest of the country. The AU has not sent peacekeepers to the areas because of a lack of agreement on how to handle the situation: <a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a> support the rebels while <a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a> and <a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a> support the government.<a href="#cite_note-2021_priorities-205">[203]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Tigray_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Tigray War">Tigray War</a> in Ethiopia has left millions in need of humanitarian aid. Eritrean troops are said to be supporting the Ethiopian government, and there have been border conflicts with Sudan. The relationship between Sudan and Ethiopia is further complicated by the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Ethiopian_Renaissance_Dam" title="Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam">Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam</a> project, which also directly affects Egypt.<a href="#cite_note-2021_priorities-205">[203]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Coup_Belt">Coup Belt</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=African_Union&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Coup Belt">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coup_belt.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Coup_belt.svg/200px-Coup_belt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Coup_belt.svg/300px-Coup_belt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Coup_belt.svg/400px-Coup_belt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1525" data-file-height="1440" /></a><figcaption>Map of successful coups in Africa since 2020</figcaption></figure> The term <a href="/wiki/Coup_Belt" title="Coup Belt">Coup Belt</a> originated from coups that were staged beginning in the early 2020s, including in <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a> in <a href="/wiki/2020_Malian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2020 Malian coup d'état">2020</a> and <a href="/wiki/2021_Malian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2021 Malian coup d'état">2021</a>, <a href="/wiki/2021_Guinean_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2021 Guinean coup d'état">Guinea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mahamat_D%C3%A9by#President_of_the_Transitional_Military_Council" title="Mahamat Déby">Chad</a>, and <a href="/wiki/2021_Sudan_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" class="mw-redirect" title="2021 Sudan coup d'état">Sudan</a> in 2021, two in <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a> in <a href="/wiki/January_2022_Burkina_Faso_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="January 2022 Burkina Faso coup d'état">January</a> and <a href="/wiki/September_2022_Burkina_Faso_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="September 2022 Burkina Faso coup d'état">September</a> in 2022, and <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a> in 2023. The region also saw attempted coups in <a href="/wiki/2021_Nigerien_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt" class="mw-redirect" title="2021 Nigerien coup d'état attempt">Niger</a> and <a href="/wiki/September_2021_Sudanese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt" class="mw-redirect" title="September 2021 Sudanese coup d'état attempt">Sudan</a> in 2021, <a href="/wiki/2022_Guinea-Bissau_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Guinea-Bissau coup d'état attempt">Guinea–Bissau</a> and <a href="/wiki/2022_Gambian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Gambian coup d'état attempt">The Gambia</a> in 2022, and <a href="/wiki/2023_Sudan_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Sudan conflict">Sudan</a> and <a href="/wiki/2023_Sierra_Leone_coup_plot" title="2023 Sierra Leone coup plot">Sierra Leone</a> in 2023. After the 2023 Nigerien coup, these countries formed a continuous chain stretching between the east and west coasts of Africa. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Regional_conflicts_and_peacekeeping">Regional conflicts and peacekeeping</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=African_Union&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Regional conflicts and peacekeeping">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/African_Standby_Force" title="African Standby Force">African Standby Force</a></div> One of the objectives of the AU is to "promote peace, security, and stability on the continent".<a href="#cite_note-235">[233]</a> Among its principles is "Peaceful resolution of conflicts among Member States of the Union through such appropriate means as may be decided upon by the Assembly".<a href="#cite_note-236">[234]</a> The primary body charged with implementing these objectives and principles is the Peace and Security Council. The PSC has the power, among other things, to authorise peace support missions, to impose sanctions in case of unconstitutional change of government, and to "take initiatives and action it deems appropriate" in response to potential or actual conflicts. The PSC is a decision-making body in its own right, and its decisions are binding on member states. Article 4(h) of the Constitutive Act, repeated in article 4 of the Protocol to the Constitutive Act on the PSC, also recognises the right of the Union to intervene in a member state in circumstances of war crimes, genocide and crimes against humanity. Any decision to intervene in a member state under article 4 of the Constitutive Act will be made by the Assembly on the recommendation of the PSC. Since it first met in 2004, the PSC has been active in relation to the crises in Darfur, Comoros, Somalia, <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_Congo" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Republic of Congo">Democratic Republic of Congo</a>, Burundi, Ivory Coast and other countries. It has adopted resolutions creating the AU peacekeeping operations in Somalia and Darfur, and imposing sanctions against persons undermining peace and security (such as travel bans and asset freezes against the leaders of the rebellion in Comoros). The council is in the process of overseeing the establishment of a "standby force" to serve as a permanent African peacekeeping force.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]<a href="#cite_note-:4-3">[3]</a> Institute for Security Studies, South Africa, March 2008. The founding treaty of the AU also called for the establishment of the African Peace and Security Architecture (APSA), including the <a href="/wiki/African_Standby_Force" title="African Standby Force">African Standby Force</a> (ASF), which is to be deployed in emergencies. That means, in cases of genocide or other serious human-rights violations, an ASF mission can be launched even against the wishes of the government of the country concerned, as long as it is approved by the AU General Assembly. In the past AU peacekeeping missions, the concept was not yet applied, forces had to be mobilised from member states. The AU is planning on putting the concept into practise by 2015 at the earliest.<a href="#cite_note-dandc.eu-233">[231]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">needs update</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Darfur,_Sudan">Darfur, Sudan</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=African_Union&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Darfur, Sudan">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/African_Union_Mission_in_Sudan" title="African Union Mission in Sudan">African Union Mission in Sudan</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eritrea_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Eritrea_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg/220px-Eritrea_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Eritrea_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg/330px-Eritrea_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Eritrea_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg/440px-Eritrea_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/South_Sudanese_independence_referendum,_2011" class="mw-redirect" title="South Sudanese independence referendum, 2011">South Sudanese independence referendum, 2011</a></figcaption></figure> In response to the ongoing <a href="/wiki/Darfur_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Darfur conflict">Darfur conflict</a> in Sudan, the AU has deployed 7,000 peacekeepers, many from Rwanda and Nigeria, to <a href="/wiki/Darfur" title="Darfur">Darfur</a>. While a donor's conference in Addis Ababa in 2005 helped raise funds to sustain the peacekeepers through that year and into 2006, in July 2006 the AU said it would pull out at the end of September when its mandate expires.<a href="#cite_note-237">[235]</a> Critics of the AU peacekeepers, including <a href="/wiki/Eric_Reeves" title="Eric Reeves">Eric Reeves</a>, have said these forces are largely ineffective due to lack of funds, personnel, and expertise. Monitoring an area roughly the size of France has made it even more difficult to sustain an effective mission. In June 2006, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a> appropriated US$173 million for the AU force. Some, such as the <a href="/wiki/Genocide_Intervention_Network" title="Genocide Intervention Network">Genocide Intervention Network</a>, have called for UN or <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> intervention to augment and/or replace the AU peacekeepers. The UN has considered deploying a force, though it would not likely enter the country until at least October 2007.<a href="#cite_note-238">[236]</a> The under-funded and badly equipped AU mission was set to expire on 31 December 2006 but was extended to 30 June 2007 and merged with the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_African_Union_Mission_in_Darfur" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations African Union Mission in Darfur">United Nations African Union Mission in Darfur</a> in October 2007. In July 2009 the African Union ceased cooperation with the <a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court" title="International Criminal Court">International Criminal Court</a>, refusing to recognise the international arrest warrant it had issued against Sudan's leader, <a href="/wiki/Omar_al-Bashir" title="Omar al-Bashir">Omar al-Bashir</a>, who was indicted in 2008 for <a href="/wiki/War_crime" title="War crime">war crimes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-239">[237]</a> The AU struggled to have a strategic role in the independence talks and the reconciliation process of <a href="/wiki/South_Sudan" title="South Sudan">South Sudan</a>, due to overwhelming interests of African and non-African powers, its influence is still limited and not consistent.<a href="#cite_note-240">[238]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Somalia">Somalia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=African_Union&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Somalia">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/African_Union_Mission_to_Somalia" title="African Union Mission to Somalia">African Union Mission to Somalia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AMISOM_Kismayo_Advance_15_(8049962361).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/AMISOM_Kismayo_Advance_15_%288049962361%29.jpg/220px-AMISOM_Kismayo_Advance_15_%288049962361%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/AMISOM_Kismayo_Advance_15_%288049962361%29.jpg/330px-AMISOM_Kismayo_Advance_15_%288049962361%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/AMISOM_Kismayo_Advance_15_%288049962361%29.jpg/440px-AMISOM_Kismayo_Advance_15_%288049962361%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3796" data-file-height="2173" /></a><figcaption>Kenyan soldiers and fighters of the <a href="/wiki/Ras_Kamboni_Brigades" title="Ras Kamboni Brigades">Ras Kamboni Brigades</a>, a Somali government-allied militia, near <a href="/wiki/Kismayo" title="Kismayo">Kismayo</a>, Somalia, 2012</figcaption></figure> From the early 1990s up until 2000, <a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a> was without a functioning central government. A peace agreement aimed at ending the <a href="/wiki/Somali_Civil_War" title="Somali Civil War">civil war</a> that broke out following the collapse of the <a href="/wiki/Siad_Barre" title="Siad Barre">Siad Barre</a> regime was signed in 2006 after many years of peace talks. However, the new government was almost immediately threatened by further violence. In February 2007, the African Union (AU) and European Union (EU) worked together to establish the <a href="/wiki/African_Union_Mission_to_Somalia_(2007-present)" class="mw-redirect" title="African Union Mission to Somalia (2007-present)">African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM)</a>. The purpose of AMISOM was to create a foundation that would hopefully provide aid to some of Somalia's most vulnerable and keep the peace in the region. They are tasked with everything from protecting federal institutions to facilitating humanitarian relief operations. Much of the AU's opposition comes from an Islamic extremist group named <a href="/wiki/Al-Shabaab_(militant_group)" title="Al-Shabaab (militant group)">al-Shabaab</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:3-241">[239]</a> To temporarily shore up the government's military base, starting in March 2007, AU soldiers began arriving in <a href="/wiki/Mogadishu" title="Mogadishu">Mogadishu</a> as part of a peacekeeping force that was intended by the AU to eventually be 8,000 strong.<a href="#cite_note-bbc2115736-18">[16]</a> Eritrea recalled its ambassadors to the African Union on 20 November 2009<a href="#cite_note-242">[240]</a> after the African Union called on the United Nations Security Council to impose sanctions on them due to their alleged support of Somali Islamists attempting to topple the <a href="/wiki/Transitional_Federal_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Transitional Federal Government">Transitional Federal Government</a> of Somalia, the internationally recognised government of Somalia which holds Somalia's seat on the African Union.<a href="#cite_note-243">[241]</a> On 22 December 2009, the United Nations Security Council passed <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1907" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 1907">UNSCR 1907</a>, which imposed an arms embargo on Eritrea, travel bans on Eritrean leaders, and asset freezes on Eritrean officials. Eritrea strongly criticised the resolution. In January 2011, Eritrea reestablished their mission to the AU in Addis Ababa.<a href="#cite_note-244">[242]</a> In the fall of 2011, AMISOM forces, along with Kenyan and Ethiopian forces, launched a set of offensive attacks on the <a href="/wiki/Al-Shabaab_(militant_group)" title="Al-Shabaab (militant group)">al-Shabaab</a>. In these attacks, <a href="/wiki/African_Union_Mission_to_Somalia_(2007-present)" class="mw-redirect" title="African Union Mission to Somalia (2007-present)">AMISOM</a> forces were able to reclaim key cities including the Somali capital of <a href="/wiki/Mogadishu" title="Mogadishu">Mogadishu</a>. In September 2013, political scientist Ethan Bueno de Mesquita argued that with the help of <a href="/wiki/African_Union_Mission_to_Somalia_(2007-present)" class="mw-redirect" title="African Union Mission to Somalia (2007-present)">AMISOM</a> forces, they had made it "nearly impossible for <a href="/wiki/Al-Shabaab_(militant_group)" title="Al-Shabaab (militant group)">al-Shabaab</a> to hold territory even in its former strongholds in southern Somalia". Although much progress has been made towards peace in the region, it should still be noted that African Union forces' still get attacked regularly. Despite <a href="/wiki/African_Union_Mission_to_Somalia_(2007-present)" class="mw-redirect" title="African Union Mission to Somalia (2007-present)">AMISOM</a> being effective, it is vastly underfunded and many forces lack the resources required. Funding for humanitarian relief and the formation of armies tends to be vastly undercut.<a href="#cite_note-:3-241">[239]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anjouan,_Comoros">Anjouan, Comoros</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=African_Union&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: Anjouan, Comoros">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2008_invasion_of_Anjouan" title="2008 invasion of Anjouan">2008 invasion of Anjouan</a></div> A successful 2008 invasion of <a href="/wiki/Anjouan" title="Anjouan">Anjouan</a> by AU and <a href="/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros">Comoros</a> forces to stop self-declared president <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Bacar" title="Mohamed Bacar">Mohamed Bacar</a>, whose 2007 re-election was declared illegal.<a href="#cite_note-web.archive.org-245">[243]</a> Prior to the invasion, France helped transport Tanzanian troops but their position in the disagreement was questioned when a French police helicopter was suspected of attempting to sneak Bacar into French exile.<a href="#cite_note-246">[244]</a> The first wave of troops landed on Anjouan Bay on 25 March and soon took over the airfield in <a href="/wiki/Ouani" title="Ouani">Ouani</a>, ultimately aiming to locate and remove Bacar from office.<a href="#cite_note-web.archive.org-245">[243]</a> On the same day, the airport, capital, and second city were overrun and the presidential palace was deserted.<a href="#cite_note-247">[245]</a> Bacar escaped and sought asylum in France. The Comoros government demanded his return, in order to determine his fate.<a href="#cite_note-248">[246]</a> Many of Bacar's main supporters were arrested by the end of March, including <a href="/wiki/Caabi_El-Yachroutu_Mohamed" title="Caabi El-Yachroutu Mohamed">Caabi El-Yachroutu Mohamed</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Halidi" title="Ibrahim Halidi">Ibrahim Halidi</a>. Bacar's asylum request was rejected on 15 May, as France agreed to cooperate with the Comoran government's demand.<a href="#cite_note-249">[247]</a> At the 29 June elections, <a href="/wiki/Moussa_Toybou" title="Moussa Toybou">Moussa Toybou</a> won the presidency.<a href="#cite_note-250">[248]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chagos_Islands_dispute">Chagos Islands dispute</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=African_Union&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: Chagos Islands dispute">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Chagos_Archipelago_sovereignty_dispute" title="Chagos Archipelago sovereignty dispute">Chagos Archipelago sovereignty dispute</a></div> The sovereignty of the <a href="/wiki/Chagos_Archipelago" title="Chagos Archipelago">Chagos Archipelago</a> in the Indian Ocean is disputed between the United Kingdom and <a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a>.<a href="#cite_note-251">[249]</a> In February 2019, the <a href="/wiki/International_Court_of_Justice" title="International Court of Justice">International Court of Justice</a> in <a href="/wiki/The_Hague" title="The Hague">The Hague</a> issued <a href="/wiki/Legal_Consequences_of_the_Separation_of_the_Chagos_Archipelago_from_Mauritius_in_1965" title="Legal Consequences of the Separation of the Chagos Archipelago from Mauritius in 1965">an advisory opinion stating</a> that the UK must transfer the Chagos Archipelago to Mauritius.<a href="#cite_note-252">[250]</a> On 22 May 2019, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">United Nations General Assembly</a> debated and adopted a resolution that affirmed that the Chagos archipelago "forms an integral part of the territory of Mauritius."<a href="#cite_note-253">[251]</a> The African Union urged the United Kingdom to comply with a UN resolution calling for it to withdraw from the Chagos Islands.<a href="#cite_note-254">[252]</a> The UK does not recognise Mauritius' sovereignty claim over the Chagos Archipelago.<a href="#cite_note-255">[253]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=African_Union&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Africa_Adaptation_Initiative" class="mw-redirect" title="Africa Adaptation Initiative">Africa Adaptation Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Century" class="mw-redirect" title="African Century">African Century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Peer_Review_Mechanism" title="African Peer Review Mechanism">African Peer Review Mechanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Renaissance" title="African Renaissance">African Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Standby_Force" title="African Standby Force">African Standby Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Unification_Front" title="African Unification Front">African Unification Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Africanisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Africanisation">Africanisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Asian_Union" title="Central Asian Union">Central Asian Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_African_Federation" title="East African Federation">East African Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezulwini_agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="Ezulwini agreement">Ezulwini agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friends_of_the_African_Union" title="Friends of the African Union">Friends of the African Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_Africa" title="Indigenous peoples of Africa">Indigenous peoples of Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_country_groupings" title="List of country groupings">List of country groupings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_multilateral_free-trade_agreements" class="mw-redirect" title="List of multilateral free-trade agreements">List of multilateral free-trade agreements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_adaptation" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate adaptation">Prevention of environmental migration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Africanism" title="Pan-Africanism">Pan-Africanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-African_Women%27s_Organization" title="Pan-African Women's Organization">Pan-African Women's Organization</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=African_Union&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=African_Union&action=edit&section=54" title="Edit section: Footnotes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-sp-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sp_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-sp_4-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-sp_4-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-sp_4-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-sp_4-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-sp_4-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-sp_4-6">g</a> Suspended </li> <li id="cite_note-exclusion-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-exclusion_9-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-exclusion_9-1">b</a> Excluding Western Sahara due to lack of data. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=African_Union&action=edit&section=55" title="Edit section: Sources">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150915041714/http://www.africamasterweb.com/AuAnthem.html">"African Union anthem, etc"</a>. Africamasterweb.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.africamasterweb.com/AuAnthem.html">the original</a> on 15 September 2015. Retrieved 26 November 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=African+Union+anthem%2C+etc&rft.pub=Africamasterweb.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.africamasterweb.com%2FAuAnthem.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAfrican+Union" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-au.int-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-au.int_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-au.int_2-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-au.int_2-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://au.int/en/about/languages">"AU Languages"</a>. African Union. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190407001442/https://au.int/en/about/languages">Archived</a> from the original on 7 April 2019. Retrieved 2 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=AU+Languages&rft.pub=African+Union&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fau.int%2Fen%2Fabout%2Flanguages&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAfrican+Union" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_3-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_3-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTouray2016" class="citation book cs1">Touray, Omar Alieu (2016). The African Union the first ten years. Rowman and Littlefield. pp. Maryland. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4422-6897-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4422-6897-5"><bdi>978-1-4422-6897-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+African+Union+the+first+ten+years&rft.pages=Maryland&rft.pub=Rowman+and+Littlefield&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-4422-6897-5&rft.aulast=Touray&rft.aufirst=Omar+Alieu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAfrican+Union" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-38795676">"African Union votes to readmit Morocco"</a>. BBC News. 19 September 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200415234904/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-38795676">Archived</a> from the original on 15 April 2020. Retrieved 21 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=African+Union+votes+to+readmit+Morocco&rft.date=2018-09-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-africa-38795676&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAfrican+Union" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stat2016-6"><a href="#cite_ref-Stat2016_6-0">^</a> Corresponds to the terrestrial surface. Including the <a href="/wiki/Exclusive_Economic_Zones" class="mw-redirect" title="Exclusive Economic Zones">Exclusive Economic Zones</a> of each member state, the total area is 43 434 569 km2. </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldpopulationreview.com/continents/africa-population">"Africa Population 2024"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Africa+Population+2024&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fworldpopulationreview.com%2Fcontinents%2Fafrica-population&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAfrican+Union" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-IMFWEOAU-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IMFWEOAU_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-IMFWEOAU_8-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-IMFWEOAU_8-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-IMFWEOAU_8-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/NGDPD@WEO/WEOWORLD/IDN/AFQ.aspx?pr.x=51&pr.y=2&sy=2019&ey=2020&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=668%2C672%2C612%2C614%2C674%2C676%2C678%2C682%2C684%2C638%2C686%2C688%2C616%2C728%2C748%2C618%2C624%2C692%2C694%2C622%2C626%2C628%2C632%2C636%2C634%2C662%2C611%2C714%2C716%2C469%2C722%2C642%2C643%2C718%2C724%2C734%2C644%2C726%2C646%2C199%2C648%2C733%2C652%2C732%2C656%2C654%2C738%2C742%2C744%2C746%2C664%2C754%2C666%2C698&s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CLP&grp=0&a=">"World Economic Outlook Database, April 2024"</a>. 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Retrieved 22 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=au.int&rft.atitle=33rd+AU+Summit+%3A+Online+accreditation+for+Journalists+now+open+%26%23124%3B+African+Union&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fau.int%2Fen%2Fpressreleases%2F20191223%2F33rd-au-summit-online-accreditation-journalists-now-open&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAfrican+Union" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-tradeandmore-88">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tradeandmore_88-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-tradeandmore_88-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://todaynewsafrica.com/south-african-president-cyril-ramaphosa-elected-african-union-chairperson-as-continent-vows-to-silence-the-guns-boost-trade-and-close-gender-gap/">"South African President Cyril Ramaphosa elected African Union Chairperson as continent vows to 'silence the guns', boost trade and close gender gap"</a>. 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Retrieved 8 July 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=African+Union&rft.atitle=10th+Extraordinary+Session+of+the+Assembly+on+AfCFTA&rft.date=2018-03-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fau.int%2Fen%2Fnewsevents%2F20180321%2F10th-extraordinary-session-assembly-afcfta&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAfrican+Union" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-summit30-94"><a href="#cite_ref-summit30_94-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://au.int/en/summit/30">"30th AU summit"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180322020614/https://au.int/en/summit/30">Archived</a> from the original on 22 March 2018. Retrieved 21 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=30th+AU+summit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fau.int%2Fen%2Fsummit%2F30&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAfrican+Union" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-summit29-95"><a href="#cite_ref-summit29_95-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://au.int/en/summit/29">"29th AU summit"</a>. 5 July 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171116034051/https://au.int/en/summit/29">Archived</a> from the original on 16 November 2017. Retrieved 15 November 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=29th+AU+summit&rft.date=2017-07-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fau.int%2Fen%2Fsummit%2F29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAfrican+Union" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-summit28-96"><a href="#cite_ref-summit28_96-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.au.int/web/en/summit/28">"28th AU summit"</a>. 30 January 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170202063411/https://www.au.int/web/en/summit/28">Archived</a> from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 31 January 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=28th+AU+summit&rft.date=2017-01-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.au.int%2Fweb%2Fen%2Fsummit%2F28&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAfrican+Union" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-summit27-97"><a href="#cite_ref-summit27_97-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.au.int/en/summit/27">"27th AU summit"</a>. July 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161007033940/http://www.au.int/en/summit/27">Archived</a> from the original on 7 October 2016. Retrieved 29 September 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=27th+AU+summit&rft.date=2016-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.au.int%2Fen%2Fsummit%2F27&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAfrican+Union" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-summit26-98"><a href="#cite_ref-summit26_98-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.au.int/en/summit/26">"26th AU summit"</a>. January 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160929114302/http://au.int/en/summit/26">Archived</a> from the original on 29 September 2016. 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Retrieved 29 September 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=25th+AU+summit&rft.date=2015-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.au.int%2Fen%2Fsummit%2F25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAfrican+Union" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dirco.gov.za/docs/2015/au0421.htm">"25th African Union Summit in Johannesburg – African Union Commission media information"</a>. June 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150923215016/http://www.dirco.gov.za/docs/2015/au0421.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 23 September 2015. 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February 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160223171129/http://www.newswatchngr.com/a-call-for-global-support-in-ending-womens-violence-done-by-angelina-jolie-14938">Archived</a> from the original on 23 February 2016. Retrieved 23 February 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=newswatchngr.com&rft.atitle=A+Call+for+Global+Support+in+Ending+Women%27s+Violence+Done+by+Angelina+Jolie&rft.date=2016-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newswatchngr.com%2Fa-call-for-global-support-in-ending-womens-violence-done-by-angelina-jolie-14938&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAfrican+Union" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-summit24-102"><a href="#cite_ref-summit24_102-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150624103215/http://summits.au.int/en/24thsummit">"24th AU summit"</a>. January 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://summits.au.int/en/24thsummit">the original</a> on 24 June 2015. 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Retrieved 29 September 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Second+Turkey-Africa+Partnership+Summit&rft.date=2014-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fafrika.mfa.gov.tr%2Fturkey-africa-partnership-summit-19-21-november-2014.en.mfa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAfrican+Union" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151223095901/http://summits.au.int/en/africaturkey2014">"Africa Turkey 2014"</a>. November 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://summits.au.int/en/africaturkey2014">the original</a> on 23 December 2015. 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Retrieved 29 September 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=23rd+AU+summit&rft.date=2014-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsummits.au.int%2Fen%2F23rdsummit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAfrican+Union" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-summit22-106"><a href="#cite_ref-summit22_106-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150214161520/http://summits.au.int/en/22ndsummit">"22nd AU summit"</a>. January 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://summits.au.int/en/22ndsummit">the original</a> on 14 February 2015. Retrieved 29 September 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=22nd+AU+summit&rft.date=2014-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsummits.au.int%2Fen%2F22ndsummit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAfrican+Union" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140214002039/http://nepad.org/summit/22nd-ordinary-session-summit-african-union">"22nd Ordinary Session of the Summit of the African Union"</a>. January 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nepad.org/summit/22nd-ordinary-session-summit-african-union">the original</a> on 14 February 2014. Retrieved 29 September 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=22nd+Ordinary+Session+of+the+Summit+of+the+African+Union&rft.date=2014-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnepad.org%2Fsummit%2F22nd-ordinary-session-summit-african-union&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAfrican+Union" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-summiticc-108"><a href="#cite_ref-summiticc_108-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131220184942/http://summits.au.int/en/icc">"AU Extraordinary Summit on ICC"</a>. October 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://summits.au.int/en/icc">the original</a> on 20 December 2013. Retrieved 29 September 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=AU+Extraordinary+Summit+on+ICC&rft.date=2013-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsummits.au.int%2Fen%2Ficc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAfrican+Union" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/africa/kenya-pushing-for-african-split-from-international-criminal-court-1.1549427">"Kenya pushing for African split from International Criminal Court"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Irish_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish Times">Irish Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150928170024/http://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/africa/kenya-pushing-for-african-split-from-international-criminal-court-1.1549427">Archived</a> from the original on 28 September 2015. Retrieved 30 January 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Irish+Times&rft.atitle=Kenya+pushing+for+African+split+from+International+Criminal+Court&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fafrica%2Fkenya-pushing-for-african-split-from-international-criminal-court-1.1549427&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAfrican+Union" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-summit21-110"><a href="#cite_ref-summit21_110-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130701003301/http://summits.au.int/en/21stsummit">"21st AU summit"</a>. May 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://summits.au.int/en/21stsummit">the original</a> on 1 July 2013. 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Retrieved 29 September 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=20th+AU+summit&rft.date=2013-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsummits.au.int%2Fen%2F20thsummit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAfrican+Union" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150916162142/http://summits.au.int/en/diasporasummit2012">"Global Africa Diaspora Summit"</a>. May 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://summits.au.int/en/diasporasummit2012">the original</a> on 16 September 2015. Retrieved 29 September 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Global+Africa+Diaspora+Summit&rft.date=2012-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsummits.au.int%2Fen%2Fdiasporasummit2012&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAfrican+Union" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-summit19-113"><a href="#cite_ref-summit19_113-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.au.int/en/pressreleases/24931/19th-african-union-au-summit-be-held-addis-ababa-ethiopia">"19th African Union (AU) Summit to be held in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia"</a>. June 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161002164755/http://www.au.int/en/pressreleases/24931/19th-african-union-au-summit-be-held-addis-ababa-ethiopia">Archived</a> from the original on 2 October 2016. Retrieved 29 September 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=19th+African+Union+%28AU%29+Summit+to+be+held+in+Addis+Ababa%2C+Ethiopia&rft.date=2012-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.au.int%2Fen%2Fpressreleases%2F24931%2F19th-african-union-au-summit-be-held-addis-ababa-ethiopia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAfrican+Union" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-summit18-114"><a href="#cite_ref-summit18_114-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140614120243/http://summits.au.int/en/18thsummit">"18th AU summit"</a>. January 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://summits.au.int/en/18thsummit">the original</a> on 14 June 2014. Retrieved 29 September 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=18th+AU+summit&rft.date=2012-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsummits.au.int%2Fen%2F18thsummit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAfrican+Union" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-summit17-115"><a href="#cite_ref-summit17_115-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151223095847/http://summits.au.int/en/17thsummit">"17th AU summit"</a>. June 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://summits.au.int/en/17thsummit">the original</a> on 23 December 2015. Retrieved 29 September 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=17th+AU+summit&rft.date=2011-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsummits.au.int%2Fen%2F17thsummit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAfrican+Union" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140331174105/http://summits.au.int/en/AfricaIndia">"2nd Africa-India Forum Summit"</a>. May 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://summits.au.int/en/AfricaIndia?">the original</a> on 31 March 2014. Retrieved 29 September 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2nd+Africa-India+Forum+Summit&rft.date=2011-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsummits.au.int%2Fen%2FAfricaIndia%3F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAfrican+Union" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-summit16-117"><a href="#cite_ref-summit16_117-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304090533/http://summits.au.int/en/16thsummit">"16th African Union summit"</a>. January 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://summits.au.int/en/16thsummit">the original</a> on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 29 September 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=16th+African+Union+summit&rft.date=2011-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsummits.au.int%2Fen%2F16thsummit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAfrican+Union" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-summit15-118"><a href="#cite_ref-summit15_118-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110909081209/http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2010/july/summit/15thsummit.html">"15th African Union summit"</a>. July 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2010/july/summit/15thsummit.html">the original</a> on 9 September 2011. Retrieved 29 September 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=15th+African+Union+summit&rft.date=2010-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.africa-union.org%2Froot%2FAU%2FConferences%2F2010%2Fjuly%2Fsummit%2F15thsummit.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAfrican+Union" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-summit14-119"><a href="#cite_ref-summit14_119-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111011122225/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/conferences/2010/january/summit/14thsummit.html">"14th African Union summit"</a>. January 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/conferences/2010/january/summit/14thsummit.html">the original</a> on 11 October 2011. Retrieved 29 September 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=14th+African+Union+summit&rft.date=2010-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.africa-union.org%2Froot%2Fau%2Fconferences%2F2010%2Fjanuary%2Fsummit%2F14thsummit.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAfrican+Union" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-summit13-120"><a href="#cite_ref-summit13_120-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111102040008/http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2009/july/summit/13thsummit.html">"13th African Union summit"</a>. July 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.africa-union.org/root/AU/Conferences/2009/july/summit/13thsummit.html">the original</a> on 2 November 2011. Retrieved 29 September 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=13th+African+Union+summit&rft.date=2009-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.africa-union.org%2Froot%2FAU%2FConferences%2F2009%2Fjuly%2Fsummit%2F13thsummit.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAfrican+Union" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-summit12-121"><a href="#cite_ref-summit12_121-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111102040018/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2009/january/summit/12thsummit.html">"12th African Union summit"</a>. January 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2009/january/summit/12thsummit.html">the original</a> on 2 November 2011. Retrieved 29 September 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=12th+African+Union+summit&rft.date=2009-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.africa-union.org%2Froot%2Fau%2FConferences%2F2009%2Fjanuary%2Fsummit%2F12thsummit.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAfrican+Union" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-summit11-122"><a href="#cite_ref-summit11_122-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111011122200/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2008/june/summit/summit.htm">"The 11th AU summit"</a>. July 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2008/june/summit/summit.htm">the original</a> on 11 October 2011. Retrieved 29 September 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+11th+AU+summit&rft.date=2008-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.africa-union.org%2Froot%2Fau%2FConferences%2F2008%2Fjune%2Fsummit%2Fsummit.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAfrican+Union" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-summit10-123"><a href="#cite_ref-summit10_123-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111102035957/http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2008/january/summit/10thsummit.htm">"The 10th African Union summit"</a>. January 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.africa-union.org/root/au/Conferences/2008/january/summit/10thsummit.htm">the original</a> on 2 November 2011. 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Retrieved 19 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AP+NEWS&rft.atitle=3+dead%2C+13+missing+in+Caribbean+sinking%3B+14+Africans+saved&rft.date=2023-03-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fantigua-boat-capsized-missing-dead-3a4393548ee5ad91a44d9687ec96a4d7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAfrican+Union" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichael2023" class="citation web cs1">Michael, Vivian (29 March 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://antiguaobserver.com/tragedy-at-sea-boat-carrying-african-migrants-from-antigua-capsizes-near-st-kitts/">"Tragedy at sea: Boat carrying African migrants from Antigua capsizes near St Kitts"</a>. 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Loop News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230910051756/https://caribbean.loopnews.com/content/less-600-west-african-migrants-remain-antigua">Archived</a> from the original on 10 September 2023. Retrieved 19 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Loop+News&rft.atitle=Less+than+600+West+African+migrants+remain+in+Antigua+%7C+Loop+Caribbean+News&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcaribbean.loopnews.com%2Fcontent%2Fless-600-west-african-migrants-remain-antigua&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAfrican+Union" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-64785503">"The migrants stranded on an island they had not heard of"</a>. 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BBC News. 27 March 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080328232824/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7315744.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 28 March 2008. Retrieved 4 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Comoran+rebel+seeks+French+asylum&rft.date=2008-03-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fafrica%2F7315744.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAfrican+Union" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-249"><a href="#cite_ref-249">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7402921.stm">"Comoran rebel asylum plea refused"</a>. BBC News. 15 May 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180828170501/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7402921.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 28 August 2018. Retrieved 4 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Comoran+rebel+asylum+plea+refused&rft.date=2008-05-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fafrica%2F7402921.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAfrican+Union" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-250"><a href="#cite_ref-250">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.afrol.com/articles/29696">"Toybou confirmed Anjouan president"</a>. Afrol News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180904120957/http://www.afrol.com/articles/29696">Archived</a> from the original on 4 September 2018. Retrieved 4 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Afrol+News&rft.atitle=Toybou+confirmed+Anjouan+president&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.afrol.com%2Farticles%2F29696&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAfrican+Union" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-251"><a href="#cite_ref-251">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-45300739">"Chagos Islands dispute: UK 'threatened' Mauritius"</a>. BBC News. 27 August 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210323145031/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-45300739">Archived</a> from the original on 23 March 2021. Retrieved 20 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Chagos+Islands+dispute%3A+UK+%27threatened%27+Mauritius&rft.date=2018-08-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-africa-45300739&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAfrican+Union" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-252"><a href="#cite_ref-252">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inews.co.uk/news/politics/foreign-office-quietly-rejects-international-court-ruling-to-hand-back-chagos-islands-450078">"Foreign Office quietly rejects International Court ruling to hand back Chagos Islands"</a>. <a href="/wiki/I_(newspaper)" title="I (newspaper)">inews.co.uk</a>. 18 June 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210130042318/https://inews.co.uk/news/politics/foreign-office-quietly-rejects-international-court-ruling-to-hand-back-chagos-islands-450078">Archived</a> from the original on 30 January 2021. Retrieved 20 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=inews.co.uk&rft.atitle=Foreign+Office+quietly+rejects+International+Court+ruling+to+hand+back+Chagos+Islands&rft.date=2020-06-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finews.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fforeign-office-quietly-rejects-international-court-ruling-to-hand-back-chagos-islands-450078&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAfrican+Union" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-253"><a href="#cite_ref-253">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSands2019" class="citation journal cs1">Sands, Philippe (24 May 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/may/24/chagossians-britain-colony-shameful-un-resolution?">"At last, the Chagossians have a real chance of going back home"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210205232500/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/may/24/chagossians-britain-colony-shameful-un-resolution">Archived</a> from the original on 5 February 2021. Retrieved 20 February 2021. <q>Britain's behaviour towards its former colony has been shameful. The UN resolution changes everything</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=At+last%2C+the+Chagossians+have+a+real+chance+of+going+back+home&rft.date=2019-05-24&rft.aulast=Sands&rft.aufirst=Philippe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fcommentisfree%2F2019%2Fmay%2F24%2Fchagossians-britain-colony-shameful-un-resolution%3F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAfrican+Union" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-254"><a href="#cite_ref-254">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/african-union-orders-britain-to-withdraw-from-chagos-islands-end-colonial-administration-2019-11">"African Union orders Britain to withdraw from Chagos Islands, end 'colonial administration'"</a>. Business Insider. 22 November 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210414032714/https://www.businessinsider.com/african-union-orders-britain-to-withdraw-from-chagos-islands-end-colonial-administration-2019-11">Archived</a> from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 20 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=African+Union+orders+Britain+to+withdraw+from+Chagos+Islands%2C+end+%27colonial+administration%27&rft.date=2019-11-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Fafrican-union-orders-britain-to-withdraw-from-chagos-islands-end-colonial-administration-2019-11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAfrican+Union" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-255"><a href="#cite_ref-255">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-50511847">"Chagos Islands dispute: UK misses deadline to return control"</a>. BBC News. 22 November 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210226055339/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-50511847">Archived</a> from the original on 26 February 2021. Retrieved 20 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Chagos+Islands+dispute%3A+UK+misses+deadline+to+return+control&rft.date=2019-11-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-50511847&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAfrican+Union" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_and_cited_references">General and cited references</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=African_Union&action=edit&section=56" title="Edit section: General and cited references">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library" title="Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library">Library resources</a> about African Union <hr /></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=African+Union">Resources in your library</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=African+Union&library=0CHOOSE0">Resources in other libraries</a></li> </ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130927110741/http://www.afrimap.org/english/images/report/AfriMAP-AU-Guide-EN.pdf">Strengthening Popular Participation in the African Union: A Guide to AU Structures and Processes</a>, AfriMAP and Oxfam GB, 2010.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080216054523/http://www.afrimap.org/english/images/report/AU_People-DrivenNov07.pdf">Towards a People Driven African Union: Current Challenges and New Opportunities</a>. AfriMAP, AFRODAD and Oxfam GB, January 2007.</li> <li>J. B. Cartes Rodríguez (2024), "The African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights", Universidad Pública de Navarra, Pamplona. ISBN: 978-84-9769-403-2.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMelber2001" class="citation book cs1">Melber, Henning (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:nai:diva-215">The New African Initiative and the African Union: A Preliminary Assessment and Documentation</a>. Uppsala, Sweden: <a href="/wiki/Nordiska_Afrikainstitutet" class="mw-redirect" title="Nordiska Afrikainstitutet">Nordiska Afrikainstitutet</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/91-7106-486-9" title="Special:BookSources/91-7106-486-9"><bdi>91-7106-486-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/49230331">49230331</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+African+Initiative+and+the+African+Union%3A+A+Preliminary+Assessment+and+Documentation&rft.place=Uppsala%2C+Sweden&rft.pub=Nordiska+Afrikainstitutet&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F49230331&rft.isbn=91-7106-486-9&rft.aulast=Melber&rft.aufirst=Henning&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Furn.kb.se%2Fresolve%3Furn%3Durn%3Anbn%3Ase%3Anai%3Adiva-215&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAfrican+Union" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFManby2004" class="citation journal cs1">Manby, Bronwen (November 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236776391">"The African Union, NEPAD, and Human Rights: The Missing Agenda"</a>. Human Rights Quarterly. 26 (4): 983–1027. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fhrq.2004.0051">10.1353/hrq.2004.0051</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20069770">20069770</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144166728">144166728</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+Rights+Quarterly&rft.atitle=The+African+Union%2C+NEPAD%2C+and+Human+Rights%3A+The+Missing+Agenda&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=983-1027&rft.date=2004-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144166728%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20069770%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fhrq.2004.0051&rft.aulast=Manby&rft.aufirst=Bronwen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F236776391&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAfrican+Union" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927195414/http://www.ppl.nl/catalogue.php?ppn=241754658&keyword=African%20Union&pagename=keyword-catalogue">Bibliography on the AU at the Peace Palace Library</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=African_Union&action=edit&section=57" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/African_Union" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/African Union">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/category:African_Union" class="extiw" title="c:category:African Union">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:African_Union" class="extiw" title="n:Category:African Union">News</a> from Wikinews</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" 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0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Africanism" title="Pan-Africanism">Pan-Africanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decolonisation_of_Africa" title="Decolonisation of Africa">Decolonisation of Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casablanca_Group" title="Casablanca Group">Casablanca Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monrovia_Group" title="Monrovia Group">Monrovia Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_and_Malagasy_Union" title="African and Malagasy Union">African and Malagasy Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Monetary_Union" title="African Monetary Union">Abuja Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirte_Declaration" title="Sirte Declaration">Sirte Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutive_Act_of_the_African_Union" title="Constitutive Act of the African Union">Lome Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_African_Unity" title="Organisation of African Unity">Organisation of African Unity</a> <ul><li><a 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Commission">Chairperson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chairperson_of_the_African_Union_Commission" title="Chairperson of the African Union Commission">Deputy Chairperson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Union_Conference_Center_and_Office_Complex" title="African Union Conference Center and Office Complex">AUCC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2025_African_Union_Commission_Chairperson_election" title="2025 African Union Commission Chairperson election">2025 election</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pan-African_Parliament" title="Pan-African Parliament">Pan-African Parliament</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_the_Pan-African_Parliament" title="Bureau of the Pan-African Parliament">Bureau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_the_Pan-African_Parliament" title="Secretariat of the Pan-African Parliament">Secretariat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallagher_Convention_Centre" title="Gallagher Convention Centre">Gallagher Estate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Justice_of_the_African_Union" title="Court of Justice of the African Union">African Court of Justice</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Court_on_Human_and_Peoples%27_Rights" title="African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights">African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economic,_Social_and_Cultural_Council" title="Economic, Social and Cultural Council">ECOSOCC Committees</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peace_and_Security_Committee" title="Peace and Security Committee">Peace and Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_Affairs_Committee_(African_Union)" title="Political Affairs Committee (African Union)">Political Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infrastructure_and_Energy_Committee" title="Infrastructure and Energy Committee">Infrastructure and Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Affairs_and_Health_Committee" title="Social Affairs and Health Committee">Social Affairs and Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_Resources,_Science,_and_Technology_Committee" title="Human Resources, Science, and Technology Committee">HR, Sciences and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_and_Industry_Committee_(African_Union)" title="Trade and Industry Committee (African Union)">Trade and Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rural_Economy_and_Agriculture_Committee" title="Rural Economy and Agriculture Committee">Rural Economy and Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Affairs_Committee_(African_Union)" title="Economic Affairs Committee (African Union)">Economic Affairs</a></li> <li>Women and Gender</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-Cutting_Programs_Committee" title="Cross-Cutting Programs Committee">Cross-Cutting Programs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Financial institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Central_Bank" title="African Central Bank">African Central Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Monetary_Fund" title="African Monetary Fund">African Monetary Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Investment_Bank" title="African Investment Bank">African Investment Bank</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Peace_and_Security_Council" title="Peace and Security Council">Peace and Security Council</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Capacity_for_Immediate_Response_to_Crises" title="African Capacity for Immediate Response to Crises">ACIRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Standby_Force" title="African Standby Force">African Standby Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panel_of_the_Wise" title="Panel of the Wise">Panel of the Wise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations%E2%80%93African_Union_Mission_in_Darfur" title="United Nations–African Union Mission in Darfur">UNAMID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Union_Mission_in_Burundi" title="African Union Mission in Burundi">AMIB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Union_Mission_in_Sudan" title="African Union Mission in Sudan">AMIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Union_Mission_to_Somalia" title="African Union Mission to Somalia">AMISOM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MISCA" title="MISCA">MISCA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Specialised agencies and institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Africa_Centres_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention">Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_African_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of the African Union">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Peer_Review_Mechanism" title="African Peer Review Mechanism">APRM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_African_Union" title="Foreign relations of the African Union">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Charter_on_Human_and_Peoples%27_Rights" title="African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights">African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Commission_on_Human_and_Peoples%27_Rights" title="African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights">African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_the_African_Union" title="Enlargement of the African Union">Enlargement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Africa_Command" title="United States Africa Command">United States Africa Command</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_military_bases" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States military bases">United States military bases</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_ambassadors_to_the_African_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States ambassadors to the African Union">United States ambassadors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Union%E2%80%93Ethiopia_relations" title="African Union–Ethiopia relations">African Union–Ethiopia relations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Symbols_of_the_African_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbols of the African Union">Symbols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Let_Us_All_Unite_and_Celebrate_Together" title="Let Us All Unite and Celebrate Together">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_the_African_Union" title="Emblem of the African Union">Emblem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_African_Union" title="Flag of the African Union">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Union_Passport" title="African Union Passport">Passport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_African_Union" title="Economy of the African Union">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_central_banks_of_Africa" title="List of central banks of Africa">Currencies</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gold_standard#Advocates" title="Gold standard">Gold standard</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Development_Bank" title="African Development Bank">Development Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Economic_Community" title="African Economic Community">African Economic Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Partnership_for_Africa%27s_Development" title="New Partnership for Africa's Development">NEPAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Continental_Free_Trade_Area" title="African Continental Free Trade Area">African Continental Free Trade Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single_African_Air_Transport_Market" title="Single African Air Transport Market">Single African Air Transport Market</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Africa_Day" title="Africa Day">Africa Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Border_Day" title="African Border Day">African Border Day</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Theory</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Monetary_Union" title="African Monetary Union">Afro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_of_Africa" title="United States of Africa">United States of Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_of_Latin_Africa" title="United States of Latin Africa">United States of Latin Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_African_Federation" title="East African Federation">East African Federation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:African_Union" title="Category:African Union">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Articles_related_to_the_African_Union" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Articles_related_to_the_African_Union" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Articles related to the African Union</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Africa_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Africa_topics" title="Template:Africa topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Africa_topics" title="Template talk:Africa topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Africa_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Africa topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Africa_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Africa-related_articles" title="Index of Africa-related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Africa" title="History of Africa">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Chronology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_history_of_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient history of Africa">Antiquity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Africa_during_classical_antiquity" title="North Africa during classical antiquity">North Africa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_archaeology" title="African archaeology">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_kingdoms_in_pre-colonial_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="List of kingdoms in pre-colonial Africa">Pre-colonial kingdoms</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_empires" class="mw-redirect" title="African empires">Empires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahelian_kingdoms" class="mw-redirect" title="Sahelian kingdoms">Sahelian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_trade" title="Indian Ocean trade">Indian Ocean trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bantu_expansion" title="Bantu expansion">Bantu expansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_the_Maghreb" title="Muslim conquest of the Maghreb">Muslim conquest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_exploration_of_Africa" title="European exploration of Africa">European exploration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonisation_of_Africa" title="Colonisation of Africa">European colonisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Africa" title="Slavery in Africa">Slavery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade" title="Atlantic slave trade">Atlantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbary_slave_trade" title="Barbary slave trade">Barbary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_slave_trade" title="Indian Ocean slave trade">Indian Ocean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans-Saharan_slave_trade" title="Trans-Saharan slave trade">Trans-Saharan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scramble_for_Africa" title="Scramble for Africa">Scramble for Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decolonisation_of_Africa" title="Decolonisation of Africa">Decolonisation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Africa" title="Economic history of Africa">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_empires" class="mw-redirect" title="African empires">Empires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talk:History_of_Africa#Historiography_of_Africa" title="Talk:History of Africa">Historiography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Africa" title="Military history of Africa">Military</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_conflicts_in_Africa" title="List of conflicts in Africa">conflicts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_science_and_technology_in_Africa" title="History of science and technology in Africa">Science and technology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Central_Africa" title="History of Central Africa">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_East_Africa" title="History of East Africa">East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_North_Africa" title="History of North Africa">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Southern_Africa" title="History of Southern Africa">South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_West_Africa" title="History of West Africa">West</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Africa" title="Geography of Africa">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_in_Africa" title="List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Africa">Countries and territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest_points_of_African_countries" title="List of highest points of African countries">Highest points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_impact_craters_in_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="List of impact craters in Africa">Impact craters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Africa" title="List of islands of Africa">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_history_of_Africa" title="Natural history of Africa">Natural history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_Africa" title="List of regions of Africa">Regions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Africa" title="Central Africa">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Africa" title="East Africa">East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Africa" title="Southern Africa">South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Africa" title="West Africa">West</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Africa" title="List of rivers of Africa">Rivers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Africa#Politics" title="Africa">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">African Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Africa" title="Elections in Africa">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy_in_Africa" title="Democracy in Africa">Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Heads_of_government_in_Africa" title="Category:Heads of government in Africa">Heads of government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Heads_of_state_in_Africa" title="Category:Heads of state in Africa">Heads of state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Africa" title="Human rights in Africa">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Africa_by_country" title="Freedom of religion in Africa by country">Freedom of religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Africa">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_linguistic_rights_in_African_constitutions" title="List of linguistic rights in African constitutions">Linguistic rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Africa#More_Women_Rights" title="Women in Africa">Women's rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_feminism" title="African feminism">feminism</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_organisations_in_Africa" title="International organisations in Africa">International organisations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-African_Parliament" title="Pan-African Parliament">Pan-African Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Africanism" title="Pan-Africanism">Pan-Africanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of Africa">Politics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Political_parties_in_Africa" title="Category:Political parties in Africa">parties</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_of_Africa" title="United States of Africa">United States of Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Africa" title="Economy of Africa">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_central_banks_of_Africa" title="List of central banks of Africa">Central banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)" title="List of African countries by GDP (nominal)">Countries by GDP (nominal)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)" title="List of African countries by GDP (PPP)">Countries by GDP (PPP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African_countries_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of African countries by Human Development Index">Countries by HDI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Africans_by_net_worth" title="List of Africans by net worth">Billionaires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Africa" title="Education in Africa">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infrastructure_in_Africa" title="Infrastructure in Africa">Infrastructure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Africa" title="Internet in Africa">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_resources_of_Africa" title="Natural resources of Africa">Natural resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Africa" title="Poverty in Africa">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Africa" title="Renewable energy in Africa">Renewable energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African_stock_exchanges" title="List of African stock exchanges">Stock exchanges</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Africa" title="Abortion in Africa">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birth_control_in_Africa" title="Birth control in Africa">Birth control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caste_systems_in_Africa" title="Caste systems in Africa">Caste systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Africa" title="Climate change in Africa">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etiquette_in_Africa" title="Etiquette in Africa">Etiquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Health_in_Africa" title="Category:Health in Africa">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Africa" title="Languages of Africa">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Africa" title="Religion in Africa">Religion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Africa" title="Culture of Africa">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Africa" title="Architecture of Africa">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_art" title="African art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Africa" title="Cinema of Africa">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_cuisine" title="African cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_literature" title="African literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Africanfuturism" title="Africanfuturism">Africanfuturism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Africa">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Africa" title="Music of Africa">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_philosophy" title="African philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Africa" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Africa">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Africa" title="Sport in Africa">Sport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Africa_Cricket_Association" title="Africa Cricket Association">Africa Cricket Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Games" title="African Games">African Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Asian_Games" title="Afro-Asian Games">Afro-Asian Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_rules_football_in_Africa" title="Australian rules football in Africa">Australian-rules football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederation_of_African_Football" title="Confederation of African Football">Confederation of African Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FIBA_Africa" title="FIBA Africa">FIBA Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_Africa" title="Rugby Africa">Rugby Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African_stadiums_by_capacity" title="List of African stadiums by capacity">Stadiums by capacity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tour_d%27Afrique" title="Tour d'Afrique">Tour d'Afrique</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Africa" title="Demographics of Africa">Demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African_countries_by_population" title="List of African countries by population">Countries by population</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African_countries_by_population_density" title="List of African countries by population density">density</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emigration_from_Africa" title="Emigration from Africa">Emigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ethnic_groups_of_Africa" title="List of ethnic groups of Africa">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Africa" title="HIV/AIDS in Africa">HIV/AIDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African_countries_by_life_expectancy" title="List of African countries by life expectancy">Life expectancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urbanization_in_Africa" title="Urbanization in Africa">Urbanization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_cities_in_Africa" title="Lists of cities in Africa">cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_urban_areas_in_Africa_by_population" title="List of urban areas in Africa by population">urban areas</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youth_in_Africa" title="Youth in Africa">Youth in Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Years_in_Africa" title="Category:Years in Africa">By year</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2005_in_Africa" title="2005 in Africa">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_in_Africa" title="2006 in Africa">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_in_Africa" title="2007 in Africa">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2008_in_Africa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2008 in Africa (page does not exist)">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2009_in_Africa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2009 in Africa (page does not exist)">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2010_in_Africa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2010 in Africa (page does not exist)">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2011_in_Africa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2011 in Africa (page does not exist)">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2012_in_Africa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2012 in Africa (page does not exist)">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2013_in_Africa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2013 in Africa (page does not exist)">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2014_in_Africa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2014 in Africa (page does not exist)">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2015_in_Africa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2015 in Africa (page does not exist)">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_in_Africa" title="2016 in Africa">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2017_in_Africa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2017 in Africa (page does not exist)">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2018_in_Africa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2018 in Africa (page does not exist)">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2019_in_Africa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2019 in Africa (page does not exist)">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2020_in_Africa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2020 in Africa (page does not exist)">2020</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Africa" title="Outline of Africa">Outline</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Africa-related_articles" title="Index of Africa-related articles">Index</a></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Africa" title="Category:Africa">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Africa" title="Portal:Africa">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Regional_organizations" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Regional_organizations" title="Template:Regional organizations"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Regional_organizations" title="Template talk:Regional organizations"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Regional_organizations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Regional organizations"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Regional_organizations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Regional_organization" title="Regional organization">Regional organizations</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">African Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Cooperation_Treaty_Organization" title="Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization">Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arctic_Council" title="Arctic Council">Arctic Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN" title="ASEAN">Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asia_Cooperation_Dialogue" title="Asia Cooperation Dialogue">Asia Cooperation Dialogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asia_Council" title="Asia Council">Asia Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asia-Europe_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia-Europe Foundation">Asia-Europe Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asia-Pacific_Economic_Cooperation" title="Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation">Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_European_Regions" title="Assembly of European Regions">Assembly of European Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Caribbean_States" title="Association of Caribbean States">Association of Caribbean States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AUKUS" title="AUKUS">AUKUS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Bengal_Initiative_for_Multi-Sectoral_Technical_and_Economic_Cooperation" title="Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation">Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALBA" title="ALBA">Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of Our America – Peoples' Trade Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British%E2%80%93Irish_Council" title="British–Irish Council">British–Irish Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bucharest_Nine" title="Bucharest Nine">Bucharest Nine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Community" title="Caribbean Community">Caribbean Community (CARICOM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_American_Integration_System" title="Central American Integration System">Central American Integration System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_European_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="Central European Free Trade Agreement">Central European Free Trade Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_European_Initiative" title="Central European Initiative">Central European Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collective_Security_Treaty_Organization" title="Collective Security Treaty Organization">Collective Security Treaty Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Independent_States" title="Commonwealth of Independent States">Commonwealth of Independent States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_for_Democracy_and_Rights_of_Nations" title="Community for Democracy and Rights of Nations">Community for Democracy and Rights of Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Democratic_Choice" title="Community of Democratic Choice">Community of Democratic Choice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Latin_American_and_Caribbean_States" title="Community of Latin American and Caribbean States">Community of Latin American and Caribbean States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_and_Progressive_Agreement_for_Trans-Pacific_Partnership" title="Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership">Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_Baltic_Sea_States" title="Council of the Baltic Sea States">Council of the Baltic Sea States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craiova_Group" title="Craiova Group">Craiova Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_African_Community" title="East African Community">East African Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Community_of_West_African_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic Community of West African States">Economic Community of West African States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Cooperation_Organization" title="Economic Cooperation Organization">Economic Cooperation Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasian_Economic_Union" title="Eurasian Economic Union">Eurasian Economic Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Political_Community" title="European Political Community">European Political Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forum_for_the_Progress_and_Integration_of_South_America" title="Forum for the Progress and Integration of South America">Forum for the Progress and Integration of South America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GUAM_Organization_for_Democracy_and_Economic_Development" title="GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development">GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_Cooperation_Council" title="Gulf Cooperation Council">Gulf Cooperation Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_Rim_Association" title="Indian Ocean Rim Association">Indian Ocean Rim Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liptako%E2%80%93Gourma_Authority" title="Liptako–Gourma Authority">Liptako–Gourma Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_Integration_Association" title="Latin American Integration Association">Latin American Integration Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_Parliament" title="Latin American Parliament">Latin American Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lublin_Triangle" title="Lublin Triangle">Lublin Triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanesian_Spearhead_Group" title="Melanesian Spearhead Group">Melanesian Spearhead Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercosur" title="Mercosur">Mercosur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_Council" title="Nordic Council">Nordic Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Balkan" title="Open Balkan">Open Balkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_Eastern_Caribbean_States" title="Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States">Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe" title="Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe">Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_American_States" title="Organization of American States">Organization of American States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_Ibero-American_States" title="Organization of Ibero-American States">Organization of Ibero-American States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_the_Black_Sea_Economic_Cooperation" title="Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation">Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Alliance" title="Pacific Alliance">Pacific Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islands_Forum" title="Pacific Islands Forum">Pacific Islands Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paneuropean_Union" title="Paneuropean Union">Paneuropean Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polynesian_Leaders_Group" title="Polynesian Leaders Group">Polynesian Leaders Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Comprehensive_Economic_Partnership" title="Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership">Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Cooperation_Organisation" title="Shanghai Cooperation Organisation">Shanghai Cooperation Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Association_for_Regional_Cooperation" title="South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation">South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Atlantic_Peace_and_Cooperation_Zone" title="South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone">South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_African_Development_Community" title="Southern African Development Community">Southern African Development Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TAKM" title="TAKM">TAKM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Seas_Initiative" title="Three Seas Initiative">Three Seas Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trilateral_Cooperation_Secretariat" title="Trilateral Cooperation Secretariat">Trilateral Cooperation Secretariat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_Turkic_States" title="Organization of Turkic States">Organization of Turkic States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_South_American_Nations" title="Union of South American Nations">Union of South American Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visegr%C3%A1d_Group" title="Visegrád Group">Visegrád Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Nordic_Council" title="West Nordic Council">West Nordic Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Balkans_Quad" title="Western Balkans Quad">Western Balkans Quad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regional_integration" title="Regional integration">Regional integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_regional_organizations_by_population" title="List of regional organizations by population">Regional organizations by population</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regionalism_(international_relations)" title="Regionalism (international relations)">Regionalism (international relations)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pan-Africanism" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pan-Africanism" title="Template:Pan-Africanism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pan-Africanism" title="Template talk:Pan-Africanism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pan-Africanism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pan-Africanism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pan-Africanism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pan-Africanism" title="Pan-Africanism">Pan-Africanism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ideology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;font-weight:normal;">Variants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_nationalism" title="African nationalism">African nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_socialism" title="African socialism">African socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afrocentrism" title="Afrocentrism">Afrocentrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-imperialism" title="Anti-imperialism">Anti-imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Western_sentiment" title="Anti-Western sentiment">Anti-Western sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_nationalism" title="Black nationalism">Black nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garveyism" title="Garveyism">Garveyism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nkrumaism" title="Nkrumaism">Nkrumaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sankarism" title="Sankarism">Sankarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uhuru_Movement" title="Uhuru Movement">Uhuru Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zikism" title="Zikism">Zikism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;font-weight:normal;">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_century" title="African century">African century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_power" title="Black power">Black power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9gritude" title="Négritude">Négritude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_philosophy" title="Ubuntu philosophy">Ubuntu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ujamaa" title="Ujamaa">Ujamaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_of_Africa" title="United States of Africa">United States of Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Pan-Africanists" title="Category:Pan-Africanists">Proponents</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;font-weight:normal;">Politicians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Akumu" title="Dennis Akumu">Dennis Akumu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idi_Amin" title="Idi Amin">Idi Amin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nnamdi_Azikiwe" title="Nnamdi Azikiwe">Nnamdi Azikiwe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Am%C3%ADlcar_Cabral" title="Amílcar Cabral">Amílcar Cabral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Comissiong" title="David Comissiong">David Comissiong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Dessalines" title="Jean-Jacques Dessalines">Jean-Jacques Dessalines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%A9nor_Firmin" title="Anténor Firmin">Anténor Firmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muammar_Gaddafi" title="Muammar Gaddafi">Muammar Gaddafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Garvey" title="Marcus Garvey">Marcus Garvey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alieu_Ebrima_Cham_Joof" title="Alieu Ebrima Cham Joof">Alieu Ebrima Cham Joof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Kaunda" title="Kenneth Kaunda">Kenneth Kaunda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modibo_Ke%C3%AFta" title="Modibo Keïta">Modibo Keïta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jomo_Kenyatta" title="Jomo Kenyatta">Jomo Kenyatta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toussaint_Louverture" title="Toussaint Louverture">Toussaint Louverture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrice_Lumumba" title="Patrice Lumumba">Patrice Lumumba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samora_Machel" title="Samora Machel">Samora Machel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ochola_Ogaye_Mak%27Anyengo" title="Ochola Ogaye Mak'Anyengo">Ochola Ogaye Mak'Anyengo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thabo_Mbeki" title="Thabo Mbeki">Thabo Mbeki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Mboya" title="Tom Mboya">Tom Mboya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Mugabe" title="Robert Mugabe">Robert Mugabe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdias_do_Nascimento" title="Abdias do Nascimento">Abdias do Nascimento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamal_Abdel_Nasser" title="Gamal Abdel Nasser">Gamal Abdel Nasser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah" title="Kwame Nkrumah">Kwame Nkrumah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Nyerere" title="Julius Nyerere">Julius Nyerere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Nyathi_Pokela" title="John Nyathi Pokela">John Nyathi Pokela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sankara" title="Thomas Sankara">Thomas Sankara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_S%C3%A9kou_Tour%C3%A9" title="Ahmed Sékou Touré">Ahmed Sékou Touré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haile_Selassie" title="Haile Selassie">Haile Selassie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Sobukwe" title="Robert Sobukwe">Robert Sobukwe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I._T._A._Wallace-Johnson" title="I. T. A. Wallace-Johnson">I. T. A. Wallace-Johnson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;font-weight:normal;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marimba_Ani" title="Marimba Ani">Marimba Ani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molefi_Kete_Asante" title="Molefi Kete Asante">Molefi Kete Asante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Biko" title="Steve Biko">Steve Biko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Wilmot_Blyden" title="Edward Wilmot Blyden">Edward Wilmot Blyden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stokely_Carmichael" title="Stokely Carmichael">Stokely Carmichael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aim%C3%A9_C%C3%A9saire" title="Aimé Césaire">Aimé Césaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Henrik_Clarke" title="John Henrik Clarke">John Henrik Clarke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Delany" title="Martin Delany">Martin R. Delany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheikh_Anta_Diop" title="Cheikh Anta Diop">Cheikh Anta Diop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._E._B._Du_Bois" title="W. E. B. Du Bois">W. E. B. Du Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frantz_Fanon" title="Frantz Fanon">Frantz Fanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amy_Ashwood_Garvey" title="Amy Ashwood Garvey">Amy Ashwood Garvey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_G._Jackson_(writer)" title="John G. Jackson (writer)">John G. Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Jeffries" title="Leonard Jeffries">Leonard Jeffries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yosef_Ben-Jochannan" title="Yosef Ben-Jochannan">Yosef Ben-Jochannan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maulana_Karenga" title="Maulana Karenga">Maulana Karenga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Kinloch" title="Alice Kinloch">Alice Kinloch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fela_Kuti" title="Fela Kuti">Fela Kuti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_X" title="Malcolm X">Malcolm X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archie_Mafeje" title="Archie Mafeje">Archie Mafeje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Mazrui" title="Ali Mazrui">Ali Mazrui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zephania_Mothopeng" title="Zephania Mothopeng">Zephania Mothopeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Padmore" title="George Padmore">George Padmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motsoko_Pheko" title="Motsoko Pheko">Motsoko Pheko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runoko_Rashidi" title="Runoko Rashidi">Runoko Rashidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Robeson" title="Paul Robeson">Paul Robeson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randall_Robinson" title="Randall Robinson">Randall Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Rodney" title="Walter Rodney">Walter Rodney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burning_Spear" title="Burning Spear">Burning Spear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Issa_Laye_Thiaw" title="Issa Laye Thiaw">Issa Laye Thiaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Cress_Welsing" title="Frances Cress Welsing">Frances Cress Welsing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Sylvester_Williams" title="Henry Sylvester Williams">Henry Sylvester Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amos_N._Wilson" title="Amos N. Wilson">Amos N. Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omali_Yeshitela" title="Omali Yeshitela">Omali Yeshitela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Pan-Africanist_organizations" title="Category:Pan-Africanist organizations">Organizations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;font-weight:normal;">Educational</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Leadership_Academy" title="African Leadership Academy">African Leadership Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Leadership_University" title="African Leadership University">African Leadership University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;font-weight:normal;">Political</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Unification_Front" title="African Unification Front">African Unification Front</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">African Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All-African_People%27s_Revolutionary_Party" title="All-African People's Revolutionary Party">All-African People's Revolutionary Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All-African_Trade_Union_Federation" title="All-African Trade Union Federation">All-African Trade Union Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conseil_de_l%27Entente" title="Conseil de l'Entente">Conseil de l'Entente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_People%27s_Party" title="Convention People's Party">Convention People's Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_African_Community" title="East African Community">East African Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Freedom_Fighters" title="Economic Freedom Fighters">Economic Freedom Fighters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Pan-African_Conference" title="First Pan-African Conference">First Pan-African Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_African_Service_Bureau" title="International African Service Bureau">International African Service Bureau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_African_Trade_Union_Unity" title="Organisation of African Trade Union Unity">Organisation of African Trade Union Unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_African_Unity" title="Organisation of African Unity">Organisation of African Unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_African_Association" title="Pan African Association">Pan African Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-African_Freedom_Movement_for_East_and_Central_Africa" title="Pan-African Freedom Movement for East and Central Africa">Pan-African Freedom Movement for East and Central Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-African_Congress" title="Pan-African Congress">Pan-African Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_Africanist_Congress_of_Azania" title="Pan Africanist Congress of Azania">Pan Africanist Congress of Azania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_and_Social_League_of_the_Great_Sahara_Tribes" title="Popular and Social League of the Great Sahara Tribes">Popular and Social League of the Great Sahara Tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rassemblement_D%C3%A9mocratique_Africain" title="Rassemblement Démocratique Africain">Rassemblement Démocratique Africain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Negro_Improvement_Association_and_African_Communities_League" title="Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League">Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZANU%E2%80%93PF" title="ZANU–PF">ZANU–PF</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Symbols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Star_of_Africa" title="Black Star of Africa">Black Star of Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Marron_Inconnu" title="Le Marron Inconnu">Le Marron Inconnu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lion_of_Judah" title="Lion of Judah">Lion of Judah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-African_colours" title="Pan-African colours">Pan-African colours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-African_flag" title="Pan-African flag">Pan-African flag</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dynamics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ethnic_groups_of_Africa" title="List of ethnic groups of Africa">Ethnic groups of Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Africa" title="Languages of Africa">Languages of Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Africa" title="Religion in Africa">Religion in Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_conflicts_in_Africa" title="List of conflicts in Africa">Conflicts in Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_philosophy" title="African philosophy">African philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_leftism" title="African-American leftism">African-American leftism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Africanization" title="Africanization">Africanization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All-African_Peoples%27_Conference" title="All-African Peoples' Conference">All-African Peoples' Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_African_Federation" title="East African Federation">East African Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwanzaa" title="Kwanzaa">Kwanzaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_African_States" title="Union of African States">Union of African States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_of_Africa" title="United States of Africa">United States of Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_of_Latin_Africa" title="United States of Latin Africa">United States of Latin Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Year_of_Africa" title="Year of Africa">Year of Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Pan-Africanism" title="Category:Pan-Africanism">Pan-Africanism category</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Africa" title="Category:Africa">Africa category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_UNIA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_the_UNIA.svg/16px-Flag_of_the_UNIA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_the_UNIA.svg/24px-Flag_of_the_UNIA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_the_UNIA.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_UNIA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Pan-Africanism" title="Portal:Pan-Africanism">Pan-Africanism portal</a></li> <li><img alt="map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/16px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/24px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/32px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Africa" title="Portal:Africa">Africa portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="South–South_cooperation_and_Third_Worldism" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:South%E2%80%93South" title="Template:South–South"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:South%E2%80%93South" title="Template talk:South–South"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:South%E2%80%93South" title="Special:EditPage/Template:South–South"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="South–South_cooperation_and_Third_Worldism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/South%E2%80%93South_cooperation" title="South–South cooperation">South–South cooperation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Third-Worldism" class="mw-redirect" title="Third-Worldism">Third Worldism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Global_North_and_Global_South" title="Global North and Global South">Global South</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Developing_country" title="Developing country">Development</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Landlocked_developing_countries" title="Landlocked developing countries">Landlocked developing countries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Least_developed_countries" title="Least developed countries">Least developed countries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heavily_indebted_poor_countries" title="Heavily indebted poor countries">Heavily indebted poor countries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Markets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emerging_market" title="Emerging market">Emerging markets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newly_industrialized_country" title="Newly industrialized country">Newly industrialized country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transition_economy" title="Transition economy">Transition economy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Three-world_model" title="Three-world model">Worlds theory</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_World" title="First World">First World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_World" title="Second World">Second World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_World" title="Third World">Third World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_World" title="Fourth World">Fourth World</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geopolitics" title="Geopolitics">Geopolitics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Decolonization" title="Decolonization">Decolonization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neocolonialism" title="Neocolonialism">Neocolonialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polarity_(international_relations)" title="Polarity (international relations)">Multipolarity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Conference_against_Racism" title="World Conference against Racism">World Conference against Racism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Conference_against_Racism_2001" title="World Conference against Racism 2001">Durban I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durban_Review_Conference" title="Durban Review Conference">Durban II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durban_III" title="Durban III">Durban III</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Globalization" title="Globalization">Globalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Western_era" title="Post-Western era">Post-Western era</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/BRICS" title="BRICS">BRICS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BRICS" title="BRICS">Brazil–Russia–India–China–South Africa (BRICS)</a> <a href="/wiki/BASIC_countries" title="BASIC countries">BASIC (BRICS minus Russia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BRIC" title="BRIC">BRIC (BRICS minus South Africa)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBSA_Dialogue_Forum" title="IBSA Dialogue Forum">India–Brazil–South Africa Dialogue Forum (IBSA)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Finance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Debt_of_developing_countries" title="Debt of developing countries">Debt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Clearing_Union" title="Asian Clearing Union">Asian Clearing Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Infrastructure_Investment_Bank" title="Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank">Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Development_Bank" title="Asian Development Bank">Asian Development Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Monetary_Fund" title="Arab Monetary Fund">Arab Monetary Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_the_South" title="Bank of the South">BancoSur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Development_Bank" title="Caribbean Development Bank">Caribbean Development Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Fund_for_Commodities" title="Common Fund for Commodities">Common Fund for Commodities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Development_Bank" title="New Development Bank">New Development Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OPEC_Fund_for_International_Development" title="OPEC Fund for International Development">OPEC Fund for International Development</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Trade_and_development" title="Trade and development">Trade and development</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Developmental_state" title="Developmental state">Developmental state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flying_geese_paradigm" title="Flying geese paradigm">Flying geese paradigm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infrastructure-based_development" title="Infrastructure-based development">Infrastructure-based development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_development" title="Sustainable development">Sustainable development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_System_of_Trade_Preferences_among_Developing_Countries" title="Global System of Trade Preferences among Developing Countries">Global System of Trade Preferences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protocol_on_Trade_Negotiations" title="Protocol on Trade Negotiations">Protocol on Trade Negotiations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_International_Economic_Order" title="New International Economic Order">New International Economic Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_World_Information_and_Communication_Order" title="New World Information and Communication Order">New World Information and Communication Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Conference_on_Trade_and_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Conference on Trade and Development">United Nations Conference on Trade and Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Development_Programme" title="United Nations Development Programme">United Nations Development Programme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Industrial_Development_Organization" title="United Nations Industrial Development Organization">United Nations Industrial Development Organization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Public_health" title="Public health">Public health</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Generic_drug" title="Generic drug">Generic drugs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biosimilar" title="Biosimilar">biosimilar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_patent" title="Chemical patent">Pharmaceutical patents</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Societal_views_on_patents#Pharmaceutical_patents" class="mw-redirect" title="Societal views on patents">criticism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Test_data_exclusivity" title="Test data exclusivity">Test data exclusivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doha_Declaration_on_the_TRIPS_agreement_and_public_health" title="Doha Declaration on the TRIPS agreement and public health">Doha Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Organizations and groups</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Group_of_Five" title="Group of Five">G-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_of_77" title="Group of 77">G-77</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_of_15" title="Group of 15">G-15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D-8_Organization_for_Economic_Cooperation" title="D-8 Organization for Economic Cooperation">D-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G20_developing_nations" title="G20 developing nations">G20 developing nations (G-20)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_of_24" title="Group of 24">G-24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G33_(developing_countries)" title="G33 (developing countries)">G33 developing countries (G-33)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_of_Eleven" title="Group of Eleven">G-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G90" title="G90">G-90</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Non-Aligned Movement">Non-Aligned Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_African,_Caribbean_and_Pacific_States" title="Organisation of African, Caribbean and Pacific States">African, Caribbean and Pacific Group</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">African Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandung_Conference" title="Bandung Conference">Afro–Asian Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN" title="ASEAN">Association of Southeast Asian Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombo_Plan" title="Colombo Plan">Colombo Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Latin_American_and_Caribbean_States" title="Community of Latin American and Caribbean States">Community of Latin American and Caribbean States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Solar_Alliance" title="International Solar Alliance">International Solar Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanesian_Spearhead_Group" title="Melanesian Spearhead Group">Melanesian Spearhead Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North%E2%80%93South_Summit" title="North–South Summit">North–South Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polynesian_Leaders_Group" title="Polynesian Leaders Group">Polynesian Leaders Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Atlantic_Peace_and_Cooperation_Zone" title="South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone">South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Association_for_Regional_Cooperation" title="South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation">South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_Island_Developing_States" title="Small Island Developing States">Small Island Developing States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Centre_(organization)" title="South Centre (organization)">South Centre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Global_North_and_Global_South" title="Global North and Global South">North–South divide</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brandt_Report" title="Brandt Report">Brandt Report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_financial_system" title="Global financial system">Global financial system</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Organization" title="World Trade Organization">World Trade Organization</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fair_trade" title="Fair trade">Fair trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_regulation" title="Financial regulation">Financial regulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_digital_divide" title="Global digital divide">Global digital divide</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Power_in_international_relations" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:International_power" title="Template:International power"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:International_power" title="Template talk:International power"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:International_power" title="Special:EditPage/Template:International power"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Power_in_international_relations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Power_(international_relations)" title="Power (international relations)">Power in international relations</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em"><a href="/wiki/Power_(social_and_political)" title="Power (social and political)">Types</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Framework_Convention_on_Climate_Change" title="United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_power" title="Economic power">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_superpower" title="Energy superpower">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_power" title="Food power">Food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_power" title="Hard power">Hard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_power" title="Maritime power">Maritime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_power" title="National power">National</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_politics" title="Power politics">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Realpolitik" title="Realpolitik">Realpolitik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharp_power" title="Sharp power">Sharp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_power" title="Smart power">Smart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soft_power" title="Soft power">Soft</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em">Status</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Small_power" title="Small power">Small</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_power" title="Middle power">Middle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_power" title="Regional power">Regional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emerging_power" title="Emerging power">Emerging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Least_of_the_Great_Powers" class="mw-redirect" title="Least of the Great Powers">Least Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_power" title="Great power">Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potential_superpower" title="Potential superpower">Potential</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superpower" title="Superpower">Super</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em"><a href="/wiki/Geopolitics" title="Geopolitics">Geopolitics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Century" title="American Century">American</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pax_Americana" title="Pax Americana">Pax</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Century" title="Asian Century">Asian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Century" title="Chinese Century">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Century" title="Indian Century">Indian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Century" title="Pacific Century">Pacific</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_great_powers" title="List of ancient great powers">List of ancient great powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_medieval_great_powers" title="List of medieval great powers">List of medieval great powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_modern_great_powers" title="List of modern great powers">List of modern great powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_relations_(1814%E2%80%931919)" title="International relations (1814–1919)">International relations (1814–1919)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Western_era" title="Post-Western era">Post-Western era</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em">Theory</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_decline" title="American decline">American decline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balance_of_power_(international_relations)" title="Balance of power (international relations)">Balance of power</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_balance_of_power" title="European balance of power">European</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deterrence_theory" title="Deterrence theory">Deterrence theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hegemonic_stability_theory" title="Hegemonic stability theory">Hegemonic stability theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multilateralism" title="Multilateralism">Multilateralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internationalism_(politics)" title="Internationalism (politics)">Internationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_(social_and_political)" title="Power (social and political)">Philosophy of power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polarity_(international_relations)" title="Polarity (international relations)">Polarity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_projection" title="Power projection">Power projection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_transition_theory" title="Power transition theory">Power transition theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Superpower" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Superpower">Second Superpower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sphere_of_influence" title="Sphere of influence">Sphere of influence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superpower_collapse" class="mw-redirect" title="Superpower collapse">Superpower collapse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superpower_disengagement" class="mw-redirect" title="Superpower disengagement">Superpower disengagement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em">Studies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Composite_Index_of_National_Capability" title="Composite Index of National Capability">Composite Index of National Capability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_National_Power" title="Comprehensive National Power">Comprehensive National Power</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Organizations_and_groups_by_region" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Regional_organization" title="Regional organization">Organizations and groups</a> by region</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">African Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_for_the_Mediterranean" title="Union for the Mediterranean">Union for the Mediterranean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em">Africa–Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_Cooperation_Council" title="Gulf Cooperation Council">Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (GCC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Organisation of Islamic Cooperation">Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Caribbean_States" title="Association of Caribbean States">Association of Caribbean States (ACS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Community" title="Caribbean Community">Caribbean Community (CARICOM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_American_Integration_System" title="Central American Integration System">Central American Integration System (SICA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Latin_American_and_Caribbean_States" title="Community of Latin American and Caribbean States">Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercosur" title="Mercosur">Mercosur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_American_States" title="Organization of American States">Organization of American States (OAS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_South_American_Nations" title="Union of South American Nations">Union of South American Nations (UNASUR)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asia_Cooperation_Dialogue" title="Asia Cooperation Dialogue">Asia Cooperation Dialogue (ACD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asia-Pacific_Economic_Cooperation" title="Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation">Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN" title="ASEAN">Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Bengal_Initiative_for_Multi-Sectoral_Technical_and_Economic_Cooperation" title="Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation">Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conference_on_Interaction_and_Confidence-Building_Measures_in_Asia" title="Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia">Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia (CICA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Cooperation_Organization" title="Economic Cooperation Organization">Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Association_for_Regional_Cooperation" title="South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation">South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Cooperation_Organisation" title="Shanghai Cooperation Organisation">Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trilateral_Cooperation_Secretariat" title="Trilateral Cooperation Secretariat">Trilateral Cooperation Secretariat (TCS)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_the_Black_Sea_Economic_Cooperation" title="Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation">Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe (CoE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Political_Community" title="European Political Community">European Political Community (EPC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union (EU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_Council" title="Nordic Council">Nordic Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visegr%C3%A1d_Group" title="Visegrád Group">Visegrád Group (V4)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em">Eurasia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Independent_States" title="Commonwealth of Independent States">Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collective_Security_Treaty_Organization" title="Collective Security Treaty Organization">Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Cooperation_Organization" title="Economic Cooperation Organization">Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasian_Economic_Union" title="Eurasian Economic Union">Eurasian Economic Union (EaEU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_Turkic_States" title="Organization of Turkic States">Organization of Turkic States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em">North America–Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arctic_Council" title="Arctic Council">Arctic Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em">Africa–Asia–Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Union_for_the_Mediterranean" title="Union for the Mediterranean">Union for the Mediterranean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em">Africa–South America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Atlantic_Peace_and_Cooperation_Zone" title="South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone">South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em">Oceania–Pacific</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asia-Pacific_Economic_Cooperation" title="Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation">Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ANZUS" title="ANZUS">Australia–New Zealand–United States Security Treaty (ANZUS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanesian_Spearhead_Group" title="Melanesian Spearhead Group">Melanesian Spearhead Group (MSG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islands_Forum" title="Pacific Islands Forum">Pacific Islands Forum (PIF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polynesian_Leaders_Group" title="Polynesian Leaders Group">Polynesian Leaders Group (PLG)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em;padding:0.35em 1.0em;line-height:1.25em;">Non–regional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BRICS" title="BRICS">Brazil–Russia–India–China–South Africa (BRICS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Portuguese_Speaking_Countries" class="mw-redirect" title="Community of Portuguese Speaking Countries">Community of Portuguese Speaking Countries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E9_(countries)" title="E9 (countries)">E9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G4_nations" title="G4 nations">G4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G7" title="G7">G7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_of_Eight" class="mw-redirect" title="Group of Eight">G8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G8%2B5" title="G8+5">G8+5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G20" title="G20">G20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_of_24" title="Group of 24">G24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_of_77" title="Group of 77">G77</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBSA_Dialogue_Forum" title="IBSA Dialogue Forum">India–Brazil–South Africa Dialogue Forum (IBSA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Non-Aligned Movement">Non-Aligned Movement (NAM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OECD" title="OECD">Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_internationale_de_la_Francophonie" title="Organisation internationale de la Francophonie">Organisation internationale de la Francophonie (OIF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniting_for_Consensus" title="Uniting for Consensus">Uniting for Consensus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em">Global</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations (UN)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7159#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7159#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7159#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121899463">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/155382974">VIAF</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/10042911-7">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2001048790">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb144997429">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb144997429">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an41330576">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=kn20070619020&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX268038">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/5006595">Norway</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000262639&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/khw04hq30jrww20">Sweden</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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