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<span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Recent_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recent_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Recent history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recent_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Cultural references</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Khyber Pass</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 60 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-60" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">60 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%85%D8%B1_%D8%AE%D9%8A%D8%A8%D8%B1" title="ممر خيبر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ممر خيبر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paso_Khyber" title="Paso Khyber – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Paso Khyber" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heyb%C9%99r_ke%C3%A7idi" title="Heybər keçidi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Heybər keçidi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A5" title="খাইবার গিরিপথ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="খাইবার গিরিপথ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Хайберски проход – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хайберски проход" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pas_de_Khyber" title="Pas de Khyber – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pas de Khyber" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khyber_Pass_(gintang_sa_Nasod_nga_Afghano)" title="Khyber Pass (gintang sa Nasod nga Afghano) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Khyber Pass (gintang sa Nasod nga Afghano)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chajbarsk%C3%BD_pr%C5%AFsmyk" title="Chajbarský průsmyk – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Chajbarský průsmyk" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bwlch_Khyber" title="Bwlch Khyber – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Bwlch Khyber" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khyberpasset" title="Khyberpasset – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Khyberpasset" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaiber-Pass" title="Chaiber-Pass – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Chaiber-Pass" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%B1_%CE%A7%CE%B1%CF%8A%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%AD%CF%81" title="Πέρασμα Χαϊμπέρ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πέρασμα Χαϊμπέρ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paso_Khyber" title="Paso Khyber – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Paso Khyber" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%A4ajbar-pasejo" title="Ĥajbar-pasejo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĥajbar-pasejo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khyber_ataka" title="Khyber ataka – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Khyber ataka" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%87_%D8%AE%DB%8C%D8%A8%D8%B1" title="تنگه خیبر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تنگه خیبر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passe_de_Khyber" title="Passe de Khyber – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Passe de Khyber" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EC%9D%B4%EB%B2%A0%EB%A5%B4_%EA%B3%A0%EA%B0%9C" title="카이베르 고개 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="카이베르 고개" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BD%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A2%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB_%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%BC%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%81%D6%84" title="Խայբերի լեռնանցք – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Խայբերի լեռնանցք" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE" title="ख़ैबर दर्रा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ख़ैबर दर्रा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celah_Khyber" title="Celah Khyber – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Celah Khyber" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka%C3%ADberskar%C3%B0" title="Kaíberskarð – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kaíberskarð" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passo_Khyber" title="Passo Khyber – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Passo Khyber" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%A8_%D7%97%27%D7%99%D7%99%D7%91%D7%A8" title="מעבר ח'ייבר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מעבר ח'ייבר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%96%E0%B3%88%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%A3%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%97" title="ಖೈಬರ್ ಕಣಿವೆಮಾರ್ಗ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಖೈಬರ್ ಕಣಿವೆಮಾರ್ಗ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%95%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ხაიბერის გასასვლელი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ხაიბერის გასასვლელი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haiberas_p%C4%81reja" title="Haiberas pāreja – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Haiberas pāreja" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khyber_Pass" title="Khyber Pass – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Khyber Pass" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaibero_per%C4%97ja" title="Chaibero perėja – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Chaibero perėja" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haibar-h%C3%A1g%C3%B3" title="Haibar-hágó – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Haibar-hágó" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%96%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="ഖൈബർ ചുരം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഖൈബർ ചുരം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1" title="खैबर खिंड – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="खैबर खिंड" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laluan_Khyber" title="Laluan Khyber – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Laluan Khyber" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khyberpas" title="Khyberpas – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Khyberpas" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%82%A4%E3%83%90%E3%83%AB%E5%B3%A0" title="カイバル峠 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カイバル峠" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khaibarpasset" title="Khaibarpasset – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Khaibarpasset" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khaibarpasset" title="Khaibarpasset – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Khaibarpasset" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%96%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%B0_%E0%AC%97%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%A5" title="ଖାଇବର ଗିରିପଥ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଖାଇବର ଗିରିପଥ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haybar_dovoni" title="Haybar dovoni – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Haybar dovoni" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE" title="ਖ਼ੈਬਰ ਦੱਰਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਖ਼ੈਬਰ ਦੱਰਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%81_%D8%AE%DB%8C%D8%A8%D8%B1" title="درہ خیبر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="درہ خیبر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%8A%D8%A8%D8%B1_%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%87" title="خيبر دره – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="خيبر دره" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chajber" title="Chajber – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Chajber" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passo_Khyber" title="Passo Khyber – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Passo Khyber" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Хайберский проход – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хайберский проход" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khyber_Pass" title="Khyber Pass – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Khyber Pass" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chajbarsk%C3%BD_priesmyk" title="Chajbarský priesmyk – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Chajbarský priesmyk" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86" title="Хајберски кланац – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хајберски кланац" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hajberski_prijevoj" title="Hajberski prijevoj – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Hajberski prijevoj" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khaibarsola" title="Khaibarsola – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Khaibarsola" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khyberpasset" title="Khyberpasset – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Khyberpasset" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silang_ng_Khyber" title="Silang ng Khyber – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Silang ng Khyber" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D" title="கைபர் கணவாய் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கைபர் கணவாய்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%96%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%AE" title="ఖైబర్ కనుమ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఖైబర్ కనుమ" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayber_Ge%C3%A7idi" title="Hayber Geçidi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hayber Geçidi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%85%D1%96%D0%B4" title="Хайберський прохід – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хайберський прохід" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%82_%D8%AE%DB%8C%D8%A8%D8%B1" title="درۂ خیبر – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="درۂ خیبر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%C3%A8o_Khyber" title="Đèo Khyber – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đèo Khyber" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E4%BC%AF%E5%B0%94%E5%B1%B1%E5%8F%A3" title="开伯尔山口 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="开伯尔山口" 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</div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Historically significant mountain pass in present-day Pakistan</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the road in Auckland, New Zealand, see <a href="/wiki/Khyber_Pass_Road,_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Khyber Pass Road, New Zealand">Khyber Pass Road, New Zealand</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="width:24.5em; line-height:1.5em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="background-color: #e7dcc3;">Khyber Pass<br /><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">د خیبر درہ</span> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Pashto" title="Pashto">Pashto</a>)</small><br /><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">درۂ خیبر</span> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a>)</small></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:KhyberPassPakistan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/KhyberPassPakistan.jpg/280px-KhyberPassPakistan.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/KhyberPassPakistan.jpg/420px-KhyberPassPakistan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/KhyberPassPakistan.jpg/560px-KhyberPassPakistan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The pass connects <a href="/wiki/Landi_Kotal" title="Landi Kotal">Landi Kotal</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Valley_of_Peshawar" title="Valley of Peshawar">Valley of Peshawar</a>.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Summit_(topography)" class="mw-redirect" title="Summit (topography)">Elevation</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1,070 m (3,510 ft)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Traversed by</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pakistan_N-5.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Pakistan_N-5.svg/36px-Pakistan_N-5.svg.png" decoding="async" width="36" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Pakistan_N-5.svg/55px-Pakistan_N-5.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Pakistan_N-5.svg/72px-Pakistan_N-5.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="524" /></a></span><a href="/wiki/N-5_National_Highway" title="N-5 National Highway">N-5 National Highway</a>; <a href="/wiki/Khyber_Pass_Railway" title="Khyber Pass Railway">Khyber Pass Railway</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label">Between <a href="/wiki/Landi_Kotal" title="Landi Kotal">Landi Kotal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jamrud" title="Jamrud">Jamrud</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Mountain_range" title="Mountain range">Range</a></th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/White_Mountains,_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="White Mountains, Afghanistan">White Mountains</a> (Spīn Ghar, Safēd Kōh)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Khyber_Pass&params=34.07570_N_71.20394_E_type:pass_scale:50000"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">34°04′33″N</span> <span class="longitude">71°12′14″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">34.07570°N 71.20394°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">34.07570; 71.20394</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:272px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:272px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:272px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pakistan_Khyber_Pakhtunwa_relief_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Khyber Pass د خیبر درہ (Pashto) درۂ خیبر (Urdu) is located in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa"><img alt="Khyber Pass د خیبر درہ (Pashto) درۂ خیبر (Urdu) is located in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Pakistan_Khyber_Pakhtunwa_relief_map.svg/272px-Pakistan_Khyber_Pakhtunwa_relief_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="272" height="365" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Pakistan_Khyber_Pakhtunwa_relief_map.svg/408px-Pakistan_Khyber_Pakhtunwa_relief_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Pakistan_Khyber_Pakhtunwa_relief_map.svg/544px-Pakistan_Khyber_Pakhtunwa_relief_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="859" data-file-height="1154" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:49.499%;left:41.013%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Khyber Pass د خیبر درہ (Pashto) درۂ خیبر (Urdu)"><img alt="Khyber Pass د خیبر درہ (Pashto) درۂ خیبر (Urdu)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location of Khyber Pass</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:272px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:272px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:272px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pakistan_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Khyber Pass د خیبر درہ (Pashto) درۂ خیبر (Urdu) is located in Pakistan"><img alt="Khyber Pass د خیبر درہ (Pashto) درۂ خیبر (Urdu) is located in Pakistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Pakistan_relief_location_map.jpg/272px-Pakistan_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="272" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Pakistan_relief_location_map.jpg/408px-Pakistan_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Pakistan_relief_location_map.jpg/544px-Pakistan_relief_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2365" data-file-height="1890" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:23.196%;left:53.52%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Khyber Pass د خیبر درہ (Pashto) درۂ خیبر (Urdu)"><img alt="Khyber Pass د خیبر درہ (Pashto) درۂ خیبر (Urdu)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Khyber Pass<br /><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">د خیبر درہ</span> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Pashto" title="Pashto">Pashto</a>)</small><br /><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">درۂ خیبر</span> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a>)</small> (Pakistan)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Pakistan</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:272px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:272px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:272px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Afghanistan_physical_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Khyber Pass د خیبر درہ (Pashto) درۂ خیبر (Urdu) is located in Afghanistan"><img alt="Khyber Pass د خیبر درہ (Pashto) درۂ خیبر (Urdu) is located in Afghanistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Afghanistan_physical_map.svg/272px-Afghanistan_physical_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="272" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Afghanistan_physical_map.svg/408px-Afghanistan_physical_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Afghanistan_physical_map.svg/544px-Afghanistan_physical_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1807" data-file-height="1331" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:48.207%;left:73.228%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Khyber Pass د خیبر درہ (Pashto) درۂ خیبر (Urdu)"><img alt="Khyber Pass د خیبر درہ (Pashto) درۂ خیبر (Urdu)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Khyber Pass<br /><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">د خیبر درہ</span> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Pashto" title="Pashto">Pashto</a>)</small><br /><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">درۂ خیبر</span> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a>)</small> (Afghanistan)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Afghanistan</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 270px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="270" data-height="200" data-zoom="12" data-overlays="["_57b2f1a4a005ca8ccb1547e22e6267d63ee6f4fe"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,12,a,a,270x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Khyber_Pass&revid=1256080157&groups=_57b2f1a4a005ca8ccb1547e22e6267d63ee6f4fe" width="270" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,12,a,a,270x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Khyber_Pass&revid=1256080157&groups=_57b2f1a4a005ca8ccb1547e22e6267d63ee6f4fe 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Khyber Pass</b> (<a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a>: درۂ خیبر; <a href="/wiki/Pashto_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pashto language">Pashto</a>: <span lang="ps" dir="rtl">د خيبر دره</span>, <small>romanized: </small><span title="Pashto-language romanization"><i lang="ps-Latn">De Xēber Dara</i></span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> </small>'Valley of Khyber' <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ps-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Pashto" title="Help:IPA/Pashto">[d̪ə<span class="wrap"> </span>xebər<span class="wrap"> </span>d̪ara]</a></span>) is a <a href="/wiki/Mountain_pass" title="Mountain pass">mountain pass</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Khyber Pakhtunkhwa</a> province of <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, on the border with the <a href="/wiki/Nangarhar_Province" title="Nangarhar Province">Nangarhar Province</a> of <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>. It connects the town of <a href="/wiki/Landi_Kotal" title="Landi Kotal">Landi Kotal</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Valley_of_Peshawar" title="Valley of Peshawar">Valley of Peshawar</a> at <a href="/wiki/Jamrud" title="Jamrud">Jamrud</a> by traversing part of the <a href="/wiki/White_Mountains,_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="White Mountains, Afghanistan">White Mountains</a>. Since it was part of the ancient <a href="/wiki/Silk_Road" title="Silk Road">Silk Road</a>, it has been a vital <a href="/wiki/Trade_route" title="Trade route">trade route</a> between <a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Military_strategy" title="Military strategy">strategic</a> military <a href="/wiki/Choke_point" title="Choke point">choke point</a> for various states that controlled it. The Khyber Pass is considered one of the most famous mountain passes in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khyber_Pass&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following Asian Highway 1 (<a href="/wiki/AH1" title="AH1">AH1</a>), the summit of the pass at the town of <a href="/wiki/Landi_Kotal" title="Landi Kotal">Landi Kotal</a> is five kilometres (three miles) inside Pakistan, descending 460 m (1,510 ft) into the <a href="/wiki/Valley_of_Peshawar" title="Valley of Peshawar">Valley of Peshawar</a> at <a href="/wiki/Jamrud" title="Jamrud">Jamrud</a>, about 30 km (19 mi) from the Afghan border by traversing part of the <a href="/wiki/Spin_Ghar" class="mw-redirect" title="Spin Ghar">Spin Ghar</a> mountains.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khyber_Pass&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Khyber_Pass_with_the_fortress_of_Alimusjid_-_lithograph_by_James_Rattray_-_1848_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/The_Khyber_Pass_with_the_fortress_of_Alimusjid_-_lithograph_by_James_Rattray_-_1848_%282%29.jpg/220px-The_Khyber_Pass_with_the_fortress_of_Alimusjid_-_lithograph_by_James_Rattray_-_1848_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/The_Khyber_Pass_with_the_fortress_of_Alimusjid_-_lithograph_by_James_Rattray_-_1848_%282%29.jpg/330px-The_Khyber_Pass_with_the_fortress_of_Alimusjid_-_lithograph_by_James_Rattray_-_1848_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/The_Khyber_Pass_with_the_fortress_of_Alimusjid_-_lithograph_by_James_Rattray_-_1848_%282%29.jpg/440px-The_Khyber_Pass_with_the_fortress_of_Alimusjid_-_lithograph_by_James_Rattray_-_1848_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="974" data-file-height="712" /></a><figcaption>The Khyber Pass with the fortress of <a href="/wiki/Ali_Masjid" title="Ali Masjid">Ali Masjid</a> in 1848</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Khyber_chiefs_with_captain_tucker.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Khyber_chiefs_with_captain_tucker.jpg/220px-Khyber_chiefs_with_captain_tucker.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Khyber_chiefs_with_captain_tucker.jpg/330px-Khyber_chiefs_with_captain_tucker.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Khyber_chiefs_with_captain_tucker.jpg/440px-Khyber_chiefs_with_captain_tucker.jpg 2x" data-file-width="847" data-file-height="653" /></a><figcaption>Afghan chiefs and a <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">British</a> <a href="/wiki/Political_officer_(British_Empire)" class="mw-redirect" title="Political officer (British Empire)">political officer</a> posed at <a href="/wiki/Jamrud_Fort" title="Jamrud Fort">Jamrud Fort</a> at the mouth of the Khyber Pass in 1878</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Elephant_battery_of_heavy_artillery_along_the_Khyber_Pass_at_Campbellpur_LCCN2004707363.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Elephant_battery_of_heavy_artillery_along_the_Khyber_Pass_at_Campbellpur_LCCN2004707363.tif/lossy-page1-220px-Elephant_battery_of_heavy_artillery_along_the_Khyber_Pass_at_Campbellpur_LCCN2004707363.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Elephant_battery_of_heavy_artillery_along_the_Khyber_Pass_at_Campbellpur_LCCN2004707363.tif/lossy-page1-330px-Elephant_battery_of_heavy_artillery_along_the_Khyber_Pass_at_Campbellpur_LCCN2004707363.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Elephant_battery_of_heavy_artillery_along_the_Khyber_Pass_at_Campbellpur_LCCN2004707363.tif/lossy-page1-440px-Elephant_battery_of_heavy_artillery_along_the_Khyber_Pass_at_Campbellpur_LCCN2004707363.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1438" data-file-height="1075" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Army" title="British Indian Army">British Indian Army</a>'s elephant battery of heavy artillery along the Khyber Pass at <a href="/wiki/Campbellpur" class="mw-redirect" title="Campbellpur">Campbellpur</a>, 1895</figcaption></figure> <p>Historical invasions of the Indian subcontinent have been predominantly through the Khyber Pass, such as those of <a href="/wiki/Cyrus_the_Great" title="Cyrus the Great">Cyrus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Darius_the_Great" title="Darius the Great">Darius I</a>, <a href="/wiki/Genghis_Khan" title="Genghis Khan">Genghis Khan</a>, and later Mongols such as <a href="/wiki/Duwa" title="Duwa">Duwa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qutlugh_Khwaja" title="Qutlugh Khwaja">Qutlugh Khwaja</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kebek" title="Kebek">Kebek</a>. Prior to the <a href="/wiki/Kushan_Empire" title="Kushan Empire">Kushan era</a>, the Khyber Pass was not a widely used trade route.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The pass has been traversed by military expeditions launched by empires such as the Achaemenids and Sassanids, as well as by nomadic invaders from Central Asia, including the Saka, Yuezhi, and White Huns.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Indian empires rarely extended their control beyond the pass, with the Maurya king Čandragupta being an exception.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Khyber Pass has witnessed the spread of Greek influence into India and the expansion of <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> in the opposite direction.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite military activities, trade continued to thrive there.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Khyber Pass became a critical part of the <a href="/wiki/Silk_Road" title="Silk Road">Silk Road</a>, a major trade route from East Asia to Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Parthian_Empire" title="Parthian Empire">Parthian Empire</a> fought for control of passes such as this to profit from the trade in silk, jade, rhubarb, and other luxuries moving from China to Western Asia and Europe. Through the Khyber Pass, <a href="/wiki/Gandhara" title="Gandhara">Gandhara</a> (in present-day Pakistan) became a regional center of trade connecting <a href="/wiki/Bagram" title="Bagram">Bagram</a> in Afghanistan to <a href="/wiki/Taxila" title="Taxila">Taxila</a> in Pakistan, adding Indian luxury goods such as ivory, pepper, and textiles to the Silk Road commerce.<sup id="cite_ref-Docherty2008_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Docherty2008-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 74">: 74 </span></sup> </p><p>During the Islamic period, Muslim rulers, including <a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Ghaznavi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahmud Ghaznavi">Mahmud Ghaznavi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_of_Ghor" title="Muhammad of Ghor">Muhammad of Ghor</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Babur" title="Babur">Babur</a>, used the Khyber and nearby passes for their invasions of Indian subcontinent.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Mughals attempted to control the pass but faced resistance from local tribes.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Shah_Durrani" title="Ahmad Shah Durrani">Ahmad Shah Durrani</a> was the last major Islamic conqueror to cross the pass, though his successors' campaigns had limited lasting impact.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Finally, <a href="/wiki/Sikh_Empire" title="Sikh Empire">Sikhs</a> under <a href="/wiki/Ranjit_Singh" title="Ranjit Singh">Ranjit Singh</a> captured the Khyber Pass in 1834.<sup id="cite_ref-Docherty2008_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Docherty2008-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Khyber_Pass_Railway_by_PanjabDigitalLibrary.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Khyber_Pass_Railway_by_PanjabDigitalLibrary.jpg/220px-Khyber_Pass_Railway_by_PanjabDigitalLibrary.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Khyber_Pass_Railway_by_PanjabDigitalLibrary.jpg/330px-Khyber_Pass_Railway_by_PanjabDigitalLibrary.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Khyber_Pass_Railway_by_PanjabDigitalLibrary.jpg/440px-Khyber_Pass_Railway_by_PanjabDigitalLibrary.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="771" /></a><figcaption>Railways through the impregnable Khyber Pass,1939. Digitized by the <a href="/wiki/Panjab_Digital_Library" title="Panjab Digital Library">Panjab Digital Library</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the 19th century, the <a href="/wiki/British_East_India_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="British East India Company">British East India Company</a> aimed to secure the Khyber Pass against potential Russian threats.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The region was contested during the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Afghan_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Afghan Wars">Anglo-Afghan Wars</a>, with control shifting between the British, Sikhs, and Afghans.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the Second Anglo-Afghan War (1878–1880), the Khyber region came under British control, and the policy of paying local tribes to maintain the route's security was implemented.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_2-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The British invested in infrastructure development, building roads, railways, and telegraph lines through the pass.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_2-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For strategic reasons, after the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>, the government of <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British India</a> built a heavily engineered railway through the Pass.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_2-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Khyber_Pass_Railway" title="Khyber Pass Railway">Khyber Pass Railway</a>, from Jamrud, near Peshawar, to the Afghan border near Landi Kotal was opened in 1925.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_2-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A common phrase during British colonial period described the length of what was then British India as "Khyber to <a href="/wiki/Kanyakumari" title="Kanyakumari">Kanyakumari</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-Nalwa2009_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nalwa2009-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Rajghatta2017_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rajghatta2017-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, concrete <a href="/wiki/Dragon%27s_teeth_(fortification)" title="Dragon's teeth (fortification)">dragon's teeth</a> were erected on the valley floor due to British fears of a German tank invasion of India.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Khyber_pass.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Khyber_pass.jpeg/220px-Khyber_pass.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Khyber_pass.jpeg/330px-Khyber_pass.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Khyber_pass.jpeg/440px-Khyber_pass.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="583" data-file-height="379" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bab-e-Khyber" title="Bab-e-Khyber">Bab-e-Khyber</a>, the entrance gate of the Khyber Pass</figcaption></figure> <p>Following the <a href="/wiki/Partition_of_British_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Partition of British India">partition of British India</a> in 1947, the Khyber Pass became part of Pakistan. Passenger services through the pass have been intermittent, with the Khyber Steam Safari, a joint venture between a private company and Pakistan Railways, operating in the 1990s.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_2-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Pass became widely known to thousands of Westerners and Japanese who traveled it in the days of the <a href="/wiki/Hippie_trail" title="Hippie trail">hippie trail</a>, taking a bus or car from Kabul to the Afghan border. At the Pakistani frontier post, travellers were advised not to wander away from the road, as the location was a barely controlled <a href="/wiki/Federally_Administered_Tribal_Areas" title="Federally Administered Tribal Areas">Federally Administered Tribal Area</a>. Then, after customs formalities, a quick daylight drive through the Pass was made. Monuments left by <a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Army" title="British Indian Army">British Indian Army</a> units from the time of British colonialism, as well as hillside forts, could be viewed from the highway. </p><p>The area of the Khyber Pass has been connected with a counterfeit arms industry that makes various types of weapons known to gun collectors as <a href="/wiki/Khyber_Pass_copy" title="Khyber Pass copy">Khyber Pass copies</a> using local steel and <a href="/wiki/Blacksmith" title="Blacksmith">blacksmiths'</a> <a href="/wiki/Forge" title="Forge">forges</a>. To the north of the Khyber Pass lies the country of the Shalmani tribe and <a href="/wiki/Mullagori" class="mw-redirect" title="Mullagori">Mullagori tribe</a>. To the south is Afridi <a href="/wiki/Tirah" title="Tirah">Tirah</a>, while the inhabitants of villages in the Pass itself are <a href="/wiki/Afridi_(Pashtun)" class="mw-redirect" title="Afridi (Pashtun)">Afridi</a> clansmen. Throughout the centuries, <a href="/wiki/Pashtun_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Pashtun people">Pashtun</a> clans, particularly the Afridis and the Afghan <a href="/wiki/Shinwari" title="Shinwari">Shinwari</a>, have regarded the Pass as their own preserve and have levied a toll on travellers for safe conduct. Since this has long been their main source of income, resistance to challenges to the Shinwari's authority has often been fierce. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Recent_history">Recent history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khyber_Pass&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Recent history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be <b>updated</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2021</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:KhyberRailway_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/KhyberRailway_02.jpg/220px-KhyberRailway_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/KhyberRailway_02.jpg/330px-KhyberRailway_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/KhyberRailway_02.jpg/440px-KhyberRailway_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2019" /></a><figcaption>The pass was serviced by the <a href="/wiki/Khyber_Pass_Railway" title="Khyber Pass Railway">Khyber Pass Railway</a>, currently closed.</figcaption></figure> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–present)">War in Afghanistan</a>, the Khyber Pass was a major route for resupplying military armament and food to <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> forces in the Afghan theater of conflict since the US started the invasion of Afghanistan in 2001. Almost 80 percent of the NATO and US supplies that were brought in by road were transported through the Khyber Pass. It was also used to transport civilians from the Afghan side to the Pakistani one. Until the end of 2007, the route had been relatively safe, since the tribes living there (mainly the <a href="/wiki/Afridi" title="Afridi">Afridi</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Pashtun_tribe" class="mw-redirect" title="Pashtun tribe">Pashtun tribe</a>) were paid by the Pakistani government to keep the area safe. </p><p>In January 2009, Pakistan sealed off the bridge as part of a military offensive against Taliban guerrillas. This military operation was mainly focused on Jamrud, a district on the Khyber road. The target was to “dynamite or bulldoze homes belonging to men suspected of harboring or supporting Taliban militants or carrying out other illegal activities”.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This increasingly unstable situation in northwest Pakistan made the US and NATO broaden supply routes, through Central Asia (Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan). Even the option of supplying material through the Iranian far southeastern port of <a href="/wiki/Chabahar" title="Chabahar">Chabahar</a> was considered.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2010, the already complicated relationship with Pakistan (always accused by the US of hosting the Taliban in this border area without reporting it) became tougher after the NATO forces, under the pretext of mitigating the Taliban's power over this area, executed an attack with <a href="/wiki/Unmanned_aerial_vehicle" title="Unmanned aerial vehicle">drones</a> over the <a href="/wiki/Durand_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Durand line">Durand line</a>, passing the frontier of Afghanistan and killing three Pakistani soldiers. Pakistan answered by closing the pass on 30 September which caused a convoy of several NATO trucks to queue at the closed border.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This convoy was attacked by extremists apparently linked to Al Qaida which caused the destruction of more than 29 oil tankers and trucks and the killing of several soldiers.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In August 2011, the activity at the Khyber pass was again halted by the <a href="/wiki/Khyber_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Khyber Agency">Khyber Agency</a> administration due to the more possible attacks of the insurgency over the NATO forces, which had suffered a period of large number of assaults over the trucks heading to supply the NATO and ISAF coalitions all over the frontier line.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khyber_Pass&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pakistan_Khyber_Pass_IMG_9928.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Khyber Pass Gateway southbound towards Peshawar"><img alt="Khyber Pass Gateway southbound towards Peshawar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Pakistan_Khyber_Pass_IMG_9928.jpg/120px-Pakistan_Khyber_Pass_IMG_9928.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Pakistan_Khyber_Pass_IMG_9928.jpg/180px-Pakistan_Khyber_Pass_IMG_9928.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Pakistan_Khyber_Pass_IMG_9928.jpg/240px-Pakistan_Khyber_Pass_IMG_9928.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Khyber Pass Gateway southbound towards Peshawar</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pakistan_Khyber_Pass_IMG_9792.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Typical Pakistani transport truck and passengers"><img alt="Typical Pakistani transport truck and passengers" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Pakistan_Khyber_Pass_IMG_9792.jpg/120px-Pakistan_Khyber_Pass_IMG_9792.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Pakistan_Khyber_Pass_IMG_9792.jpg/180px-Pakistan_Khyber_Pass_IMG_9792.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Pakistan_Khyber_Pass_IMG_9792.jpg/240px-Pakistan_Khyber_Pass_IMG_9792.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Typical Pakistani transport truck and passengers</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pakistan_Khyber_Pass_IMG_9903.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Washed out bridge"><img alt="Washed out bridge" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Pakistan_Khyber_Pass_IMG_9903.jpg/120px-Pakistan_Khyber_Pass_IMG_9903.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Pakistan_Khyber_Pass_IMG_9903.jpg/180px-Pakistan_Khyber_Pass_IMG_9903.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Pakistan_Khyber_Pass_IMG_9903.jpg/240px-Pakistan_Khyber_Pass_IMG_9903.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Washed out bridge</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:KhyberRailway_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Khyber Railway. With a Pakistan Railways HGS 2-8-0 at front and rear a charter train climbs the Khyber Pass through a series of zig-zags to gain height"><img alt="The Khyber Railway. With a Pakistan Railways HGS 2-8-0 at front and rear a charter train climbs the Khyber Pass through a series of zig-zags to gain height" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/KhyberRailway_01.jpg/120px-KhyberRailway_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/KhyberRailway_01.jpg/180px-KhyberRailway_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/KhyberRailway_01.jpg/240px-KhyberRailway_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Khyber Railway. With a Pakistan Railways HGS 2-8-0 at front and rear a charter train climbs the Khyber Pass through a series of zig-zags to gain height</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Liebigbild-Bala_Hissar_and_Khaiber_Pass.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="An advertisement card from 1910 depicting Khaiber Pass"><img alt="An advertisement card from 1910 depicting Khaiber Pass" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Liebigbild-Bala_Hissar_and_Khaiber_Pass.jpg/74px-Liebigbild-Bala_Hissar_and_Khaiber_Pass.jpg" decoding="async" width="74" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Liebigbild-Bala_Hissar_and_Khaiber_Pass.jpg/111px-Liebigbild-Bala_Hissar_and_Khaiber_Pass.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Liebigbild-Bala_Hissar_and_Khaiber_Pass.jpg/148px-Liebigbild-Bala_Hissar_and_Khaiber_Pass.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1360" data-file-height="2208" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">An advertisement card from 1910 depicting Khaiber Pass</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Army_Camp_near_Khyber_Pass.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A camp of the British Indian Army near the Khyber Pass (c. 1920)"><img alt="A camp of the British Indian Army near the Khyber Pass (c. 1920)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Army_Camp_near_Khyber_Pass.jpg/120px-Army_Camp_near_Khyber_Pass.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Army_Camp_near_Khyber_Pass.jpg/180px-Army_Camp_near_Khyber_Pass.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Army_Camp_near_Khyber_Pass.jpg/240px-Army_Camp_near_Khyber_Pass.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1044" data-file-height="779" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A camp of the <a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Army" title="British Indian Army">British Indian Army</a> near the Khyber Pass (c. 1920)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mountain_passes_of_Afghanistan2.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Mountain passes of Afghanistan"><img alt="Mountain passes of Afghanistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Mountain_passes_of_Afghanistan2.png/120px-Mountain_passes_of_Afghanistan2.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Mountain_passes_of_Afghanistan2.png/180px-Mountain_passes_of_Afghanistan2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Mountain_passes_of_Afghanistan2.png/240px-Mountain_passes_of_Afghanistan2.png 2x" data-file-width="495" data-file-height="425" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mountain passes of Afghanistan</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Khyber-Pass.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Khyber-Pass.jpg/120px-Khyber-Pass.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Khyber-Pass.jpg/180px-Khyber-Pass.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Khyber-Pass.jpg/240px-Khyber-Pass.jpg 2x" data-file-width="926" data-file-height="587" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Khyber_Pass_Area_Map.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Khyber_Pass_Area_Map.jpg/120px-Khyber_Pass_Area_Map.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Khyber_Pass_Area_Map.jpg/180px-Khyber_Pass_Area_Map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Khyber_Pass_Area_Map.jpg/240px-Khyber_Pass_Area_Map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="505" data-file-height="310" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:KhyberPassPakistan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/KhyberPassPakistan.jpg/120px-KhyberPassPakistan.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/KhyberPassPakistan.jpg/180px-KhyberPassPakistan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/KhyberPassPakistan.jpg/240px-KhyberPassPakistan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultural_references">Cultural references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khyber_Pass&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Cultural references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Khyber_Pass" title="Special:EditPage/Khyber Pass">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2017</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A number of locations around the world have been named after the Khyber Pass: </p> <ul><li>A steep and twisting minor road in <a href="/wiki/Mugdock_Country_Park" title="Mugdock Country Park">Mugdock Country Park</a> near <a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>. The road is a landmark along the <a href="/wiki/West_Highland_Way" title="West Highland Way">West Highland Way</a> and is popular among local road cyclists.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A suburb of <a href="/wiki/Civil_Lines,_Delhi" title="Civil Lines, Delhi">Civil Lines, Delhi</a>, India.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Khyber Pass Road, a major road in the suburb of <a href="/wiki/Newmarket,_New_Zealand" title="Newmarket, New Zealand">Newmarket</a>, <a href="/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland">Auckland</a>, New Zealand (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/maps/place/Khyber+Pass+Rd,+Auckland,+New+Zealand/@-36.8660807,174.769711,967m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m5!3m4!1s0x6d0d47dec8819525:0x25b0e169619e11c4!8m2!3d-36.8658339!4d174.7695836?hl=en">Google Earth view</a>)</li> <li>An artificial rockwork feature at <a href="/wiki/East_Park,_Kingston_upon_Hull" title="East Park, Kingston upon Hull">East Park, Kingston upon Hull</a>, UK.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Khyber Road in <a href="/wiki/Phoenix_Park" title="Phoenix Park">Phoenix Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a>, Ireland.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Irish_Times_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Irish_Times-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A steep and twisting road up the West Cliff at <a href="/wiki/Whitby" title="Whitby">Whitby</a>, UK.</li> <li>A pedestrian alley in <a href="/wiki/Stromness" title="Stromness">Stromness</a>, Orkney, Scotland<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Khyber Pass Pub in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, Pennsylvania.</li> <li>Khyber Himalayan Resort and Spa in <a href="/wiki/Gulmarg" title="Gulmarg">Gulmarg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(union_territory)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)">Jammu and Kashmir</a>.</li> <li>A mountain bike trail connecting the Top of the World trail at <a href="/wiki/Whistler,_British_Columbia" title="Whistler, British Columbia">Whistler, British Columbia</a> to the Whistler Creekside Village.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Subway_(underpass)" class="mw-redirect" title="Subway (underpass)">subway</a> in the <a href="/wiki/King%27s_Cross_St_Pancras_tube_station" title="King's Cross St Pancras tube station">King's Cross St Pancras tube station</a>. After the <a href="/wiki/King%27s_Cross_fire" title="King's Cross fire">King's Cross fire</a> in November 1987, it was replaced.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Other references include the following: </p> <ul><li>The bus journey on this road was belle-lettered very beautifully, and a part of its first act, in the selective memoir <i><a href="/wiki/Deshe_Bideshe" title="Deshe Bideshe">Deshe Bideshe</a></i> (1948) by <a href="/wiki/Syed_Mujtaba_Ali" title="Syed Mujtaba Ali">Syed Mujtaba Ali</a>.</li> <li>Before the <a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">partition of India</a>, the pass was mentioned as part of common <a href="/wiki/Hindustani_language" title="Hindustani language">Hindustani</a> phrase used to describe the length of <a href="/wiki/Colonial_India" title="Colonial India">colonial India</a>, "Khyber sé Kanyakumari".<sup id="cite_ref-Rajghatta2017_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rajghatta2017-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>'Khyber Pass' is <a href="/wiki/Cockney_rhyming_slang" class="mw-redirect" title="Cockney rhyming slang">Cockney rhyming slang</a> meaning 'arse'. This use is alluded to in the 1968 film <i><a href="/wiki/Carry_On_Up_the_Khyber" title="Carry On Up the Khyber">Carry On Up the Khyber</a></i>.</li> <li>In the 1975 movie <a href="/wiki/The_Man_Who_Would_Be_King_(film)" title="The Man Who Would Be King (film)"><i>The Man Who Would Be King</i></a>, the character Peachy Carnehan tells <a href="/wiki/Rudyard_Kipling" title="Rudyard Kipling">Rudyard Kipling</a> how he and his comrade-in-arms Danny Dravot had fought under <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Roberts,_1st_Earl_Roberts" title="Frederick Roberts, 1st Earl Roberts">Frederick Roberts, 1st Earl Roberts</a> yard by yard through the Khyber Pass during the <a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Afghan_War" title="Second Anglo-Afghan War">Second Anglo-Afghan War</a> of 1878-1880</li> <li>The podcast <i>Twilight Histories</i> has an episode called "Napoleon in Afghanistan" which partly takes place in the Khyber Pass.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Vampire_Weekend" title="Vampire Weekend">Vampire Weekend</a> song "M79" references the Khyber Pass.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Tom_Cochrane" title="Tom Cochrane">Tom Cochrane</a> song "<a href="/wiki/Life_Is_a_Highway" title="Life Is a Highway">Life Is a Highway</a>" (covered by <a href="/wiki/Rascal_Flatts" title="Rascal Flatts">Rascal Flatts</a> and others) references the Khyber Pass.</li> <li>The album <i><a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_Blood" title="Rio Grande Blood">Rio Grande Blood</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Ministry_(band)" title="Ministry (band)">Ministry</a> (2006) has a song called "Khyber Pass" which references it as a possible hiding place for then missing and at large <a href="/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden" title="Osama bin Laden">Osama bin Laden</a>. This song was also featured at the end of the film <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hurt_Locker" title="The Hurt Locker">The Hurt Locker</a></i>.</li> <li>The song "Red War" by <a href="/wiki/Probot" title="Probot">Probot</a>, featuring <a href="/wiki/Max_Cavalera" title="Max Cavalera">Max Cavalera</a> on vocals, mentions the pass.</li> <li>British rock band <a href="/wiki/Pink_Floyd" title="Pink Floyd">Pink Floyd</a> references the Khyber in their song "<a href="/wiki/Up_the_Khyber" class="mw-redirect" title="Up the Khyber">Up the Khyber</a>", featured on the soundtrack to the film <i><a href="/wiki/More_(1969_film)" title="More (1969 film)">More</a></i>.</li> <li>In an episode of the cartoon series <i><a href="/wiki/The_World_of_Commander_McBragg" class="mw-redirect" title="The World of Commander McBragg">The World of Commander McBragg</a></i> titled “Khyber Pass”, the eponymous commander has to fend off ten thousand screaming tribesmen in the Khyber Pass.</li> <li>Parts of the 1985 <a href="/wiki/Jay_McInerney" title="Jay McInerney">Jay McInerney</a> book <i>Ransom</i> take place in or near the Khyber Pass.</li> <li>The Khyber pass features in several of <a href="/wiki/Rudyard_Kipling" title="Rudyard Kipling">Rudyard Kipling</a>'s poems: it appears by name in "The Ballad of the King's Jest",<sup id="cite_ref-:0_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as "the Pass" in "Arithmetic on the Frontier",<sup id="cite_ref-:0_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and semi-fictionalized as the Tongue of <a href="/wiki/Shagai_Plateau" title="Shagai Plateau">Jagai</a> in "<a href="/wiki/The_Ballad_of_East_and_West" title="The Ballad of East and West">The Ballad of East and West</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In the 2023 movie <a href="/wiki/Ghosted_(2023_film)" title="Ghosted (2023 film)">Ghosted</a> the farmer Cole played by <a href="/wiki/Chris_Evans_(actor)" title="Chris Evans (actor)">Chris Evans</a> is abducted to the Khyber Pass and rescue by CIA operative Sadie played by <a href="/wiki/Ana_de_Armas" title="Ana de Armas">Ana de Armas</a> as shown by the <a href="/wiki/Intertitle" title="Intertitle">location card</a> at 35'15", although the film was actually filmed in <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khyber_Pass&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Masjid" title="Ali Masjid">Ali Masjid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bab-e-Khyber" title="Bab-e-Khyber">Bab-e-Khyber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ali_Masjid" title="Battle of Ali Masjid">Battle of Ali Masjid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Khyber_Pass" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Khyber Pass">Battle of Khyber Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolan_Pass" title="Bolan Pass">Bolan Pass</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Carry_On..._Up_the_Khyber" class="mw-redirect" title="Carry On... Up the Khyber">Carry On... Up the Khyber</a></i>, film</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dasht-e_Yahudi" title="Dasht-e Yahudi">Dasht-e Yahudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorah_Pass" title="Dorah Pass">Dorah Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durand_Line" title="Durand Line">Durand Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khyber_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Khyber Agency">Khyber Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khyber_Pass_Copy" class="mw-redirect" title="Khyber Pass Copy">Khyber Pass Copy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khyber_Pass_Railway" title="Khyber Pass Railway">Khyber Pass Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khyber_Pass_Economic_Corridor" title="Khyber Pass Economic Corridor">Khyber Pass Economic Corridor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khyber_Rifles" title="Khyber Rifles">Khyber Rifles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khyber_train_safari" title="Khyber train safari">Khyber train safari</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khyber_Pass&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWright" class="citation web cs1">Wright, Colin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230307001104/https://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/apac/photocoll/m/019pho0000002s2u00097000.html">"Maliks of Khyber Pass"</a>. <i>www.bl.uk</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/apac/photocoll/m/019pho0000002s2u00097000.html">the original</a> on 2023-03-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-03-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bl.uk&rft.atitle=Maliks+of+Khyber+Pass.&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=Colin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bl.uk%2Fonlinegallery%2Fonlineex%2Fapac%2Fphotocoll%2Fm%2F019pho0000002s2u00097000.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhyber+Pass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_2-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_2-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_2-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_2-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_2-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_2-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilde2022" class="citation web cs1">Wilde, Andreas (September 27, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-iranica-online/khyber-pass-COM_365323?lang=en">"KHYBER PASS"</a>. Brill – via referenceworks.brillonline.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=KHYBER+PASS&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2022-09-27&rft.aulast=Wilde&rft.aufirst=Andreas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freferenceworks.brillonline.com%2Fentries%2Fencyclopaedia-iranica-online%2Fkhyber-pass-COM_365323%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhyber+Pass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTarn2010" class="citation book cs1">Tarn, William Woodthorpe (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-HeJS3nE9cAC&q=purushapura+bactria"><i>The Greeks in Bactria and India</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781108009416" title="Special:BookSources/9781108009416"><bdi>9781108009416</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Greeks+in+Bactria+and+India&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9781108009416&rft.aulast=Tarn&rft.aufirst=William+Woodthorpe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-HeJS3nE9cAC%26q%3Dpurushapura%2Bbactria&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhyber+Pass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=X4mPDgAAQBAJ&pg=PT424"><i>Insight Guides Silk Road</i></a>. Apa Publications (UK) Limited. 2017. p. 424. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781786716996" title="Special:BookSources/9781786716996"><bdi>9781786716996</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Insight+Guides+Silk+Road&rft.pages=424&rft.pub=Apa+Publications+%28UK%29+Limited&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9781786716996&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DX4mPDgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT424&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhyber+Pass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArnold2014" class="citation book cs1">Arnold, Guy (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=scC2AgAAQBAJ&q=Khyber+Pass+silk+road&pg=PR12"><i>World Strategic Highways</i></a>. Routledge. p. 12. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781135933739" title="Special:BookSources/9781135933739"><bdi>9781135933739</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+Strategic+Highways&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9781135933739&rft.aulast=Arnold&rft.aufirst=Guy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DscC2AgAAQBAJ%26q%3DKhyber%2BPass%2Bsilk%2Broad%26pg%3DPR12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhyber+Pass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Docherty2008-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Docherty2008_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Docherty2008_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oSbovvxLlWgC&pg=PA186"><i>The Khyber Pass: A History of Empire and Invasion</i></a>. Union Square Press. 2008. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4027-5696-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4027-5696-2"><bdi>978-1-4027-5696-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Khyber+Pass%3A+A+History+of+Empire+and+Invasion&rft.pub=Union+Square+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-4027-5696-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoSbovvxLlWgC%26pg%3DPA186&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhyber+Pass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nalwa2009-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Nalwa2009_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNalwa2009" class="citation book cs1">Nalwa, Vanit (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ULhgNexD92QC&pg=PA318"><i>Hari Singh Nalwa, "champion of the Khalsaji" (1791-1837)</i></a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economic+Times&rft.atitle=Attock+to+Cuttack%2C+PM+Narendra+Modi+causes+a+stir&rft.date=2017-06-27&rft.aulast=Rajghatta&rft.aufirst=Chidanand&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feconomictimes.indiatimes.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics-and-nation%2Fattock-to-cuttack-pm-narendra-modi-causes-a-stir%2Farticleshow%2F59332065.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhyber+Pass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lonelyplanet.com/pakistan/north-west-frontier-province/the-khyber-pass">"Introducing The Khyber Pass"</a>. 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(2 January 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/03/world/asia/03pstan.html?_r=2&partner=rss&emc=rss">"Pakistan Briefly Reopens Key NATO Supply Route"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130520182953/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/03/world/asia/03pstan.html?_r=2&partner=rss&emc=rss">Archived</a> from the original on 20 May 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Pakistan+Briefly+Reopens+Key+NATO+Supply+Route&rft.date=2009-01-02&rft.aulast=Oppel+Jr&rft.aufirst=Richard+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2009%2F01%2F03%2Fworld%2Fasia%2F03pstan.html%3F_r%3D2%26partner%3Drss%26emc%3Drss&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhyber+Pass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.understandingwar.org/pakistan-and-afghanistan">"Pakistan and Afghanistan"</a>. Institute for the Study of War. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120209091839/http://www.understandingwar.org/pakistan-and-afghanistan">Archived</a> from the original on 9 February 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pakistan+and+Afghanistan&rft.pub=Institute+for+the+Study+of+War&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.understandingwar.org%2Fpakistan-and-afghanistan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhyber+Pass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.therightperspective.org/2010/10/12/pakistan-reopens-khyber-pass-to-usnato/">"Pakistan Reopens Khyber Pass To US/NATO"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120724134609/http://www.therightperspective.org/2010/10/12/pakistan-reopens-khyber-pass-to-usnato/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 July 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pakistan+Reopens+Khyber+Pass+To+US%2FNATO&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.therightperspective.org%2F2010%2F10%2F12%2Fpakistan-reopens-khyber-pass-to-usnato%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhyber+Pass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKarin_Brulliard2010" class="citation news cs1">Karin Brulliard (October 9, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/story/2010/10/05/ST2010100506293.html">"Pakistan reopens border to NATO supply trucks"</a>. Washington Post Foreign Service. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110209120315/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/story/2010/10/05/ST2010100506293.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 February 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Pakistan+reopens+border+to+NATO+supply+trucks&rft.date=2010-10-09&rft.au=Karin+Brulliard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Fstory%2F2010%2F10%2F05%2FST2010100506293.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhyber+Pass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAhmad_Nabi2011" class="citation web cs1">Ahmad Nabi (August 17, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nation.com.pk/17-Aug-2011/nato-supplies-via-khyber-pass-halted-due-to-security">"Nato supplies via Khyber Pass halted due to security"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120111174602/http://nation.com.pk/pakistan-news-newspaper-daily-english-online/politics/17-Aug-2011/Nato-supplies-via-Khyber-Pass-halted-due-to-security">Archived</a> from the original on 11 January 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nato+supplies+via+Khyber+Pass+halted+due+to+security&rft.date=2011-08-17&rft.au=Ahmad+Nabi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nation.com.pk%2F17-Aug-2011%2Fnato-supplies-via-khyber-pass-halted-due-to-security&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhyber+Pass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.trailforks.com/trails/khyber-pass-46210/">"Khyber Pass Trail at Mugdock Park"</a>. <i>Trailforks</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-03-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Trailforks&rft.atitle=Khyber+Pass+Trail+at+Mugdock+Park&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.trailforks.com%2Ftrails%2Fkhyber-pass-46210%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhyber+Pass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mapsofindia.com/delhi/khyber-pass.html">Khyber Pass Map</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111030194959/http://www.mapsofindia.com/delhi/khyber-pass.html">Archived</a> 2011-10-30 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Mapsofindia.com (2013-03-01). Retrieved on 2013-07-12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://maps.google.co.uk/maps?q=Khyber+Pass+Delhi&oe=utf-8&rls=org.mozilla:en-GB:official&client=firefox-a&um=1&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x390cfdb93379cf6d:0xa7a3d2284306f7ab,Khyber+Pass,+Civil+Lines,+New+Delhi,+Delhi,+India&gl=uk&ei=r-vUTZ-UF4eg8QOemvzXDA&sa=X&oi=geocode_result&ct=title&resnum=1&ved=0CCgQ8gEwAA">"Khyber Pass Delhi"</a>. <i>Google Maps</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-07-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Google+Maps&rft.atitle=Khyber+Pass+Delhi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmaps.google.co.uk%2Fmaps%3Fq%3DKhyber%2BPass%2BDelhi%26oe%3Dutf-8%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla%3Aen-GB%3Aofficial%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26um%3D1%26ie%3DUTF-8%26hq%3D%26hnear%3D0x390cfdb93379cf6d%3A0xa7a3d2284306f7ab%2CKhyber%2BPass%2C%2BCivil%2BLines%2C%2BNew%2BDelhi%2C%2BDelhi%2C%2BIndia%26gl%3Duk%26ei%3Dr-vUTZ-UF4eg8QOemvzXDA%26sa%3DX%26oi%3Dgeocode_result%26ct%3Dtitle%26resnum%3D1%26ved%3D0CCgQ8gEwAA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhyber+Pass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120310123032/http://indiapropertyexpert.com/mgf-city-khyber-pass-north-delhi.htm">"MGF City , Khyber Pass , North Delhi"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://indiapropertyexpert.com/mgf-city-khyber-pass-north-delhi.htm">the original</a> on 2012-03-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-05-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MGF+City+%2C+Khyber+Pass+%2C+North+Delhi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Findiapropertyexpert.com%2Fmgf-city-khyber-pass-north-delhi.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhyber+Pass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://static.hullcc.gov.uk/hullinprint/archive/september2002/easts_eden.php">"East's Eden"</a>. Kingston upon Hull City Council. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 January</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Heritage+List+for+England&rft.atitle=Details+from+listed+building+database+%281001519%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2FHistoricEngland.org.uk%2Flisting%2Fthe-list%2Flist-entry%2F1001519%3Fsection%3Dofficial-list-entry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhyber+Pass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Irish_Times-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_Irish_Times_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcNally2013" class="citation web cs1">McNally, Frank (20 February 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishtimes.com/opinion/an-irishman-s-diary-1.1313471">"An Irishman's Diary"</a>. <i>The Irish Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Irish+Times&rft.atitle=An+Irishman%27s+Diary&rft.date=2013-02-20&rft.aulast=McNally&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fopinion%2Fan-irishman-s-diary-1.1313471&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhyber+Pass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/">"OpenStreetMap"</a>. <i>OpenStreetMap</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kiplingsociety.co.uk/rg_eastwest1_p.htm">the original</a> on 2019-08-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-08-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.kiplingsociety.co.uk&rft.atitle=The+Ballad+of+East+and+West&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kiplingsociety.co.uk%2Frg_eastwest1_p.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhyber+Pass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wegotthiscovered.com/movies/where-was-ghosted-filmed-all-ghosted-filming-locations/">"Where was 'Ghosted' filmed? All 'Ghosted' filming locations"</a>. 21 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-04-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Where+was+%27Ghosted%27+filmed%3F+All+%27Ghosted%27+filming+locations&rft.date=2023-04-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwegotthiscovered.com%2Fmovies%2Fwhere-was-ghosted-filmed-all-ghosted-filming-locations%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhyber+Pass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.atlasofwonders.com/2023/04/where-was-ghosted-filmed.html">"Where was Ghosted filmed?"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-04-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Where+was+Ghosted+filmed%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.atlasofwonders.com%2F2023%2F04%2Fwhere-was-ghosted-filmed.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhyber+Pass" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khyber_Pass&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMolesworth1962" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_Molesworth" title="George Molesworth">Molesworth, Lt-Gen. G.N.</a> (1962). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fqscAAAAMAAJ"><i>Afghanistan 1919 : an Account of Operations in the Third Afghan War</i></a>. Asia Publishing House. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/7233999">7233999</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Afghanistan+1919+%3A+an+Account+of+Operations+in+the+Third+Afghan+War&rft.pub=Asia+Publishing+House&rft.date=1962&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F7233999&rft.aulast=Molesworth&rft.aufirst=Lt-Gen.+G.N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfqscAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhyber+Pass" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khyber_Pass&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span 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class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Khyber_Pass" class="extiw" title="voy:Khyber Pass">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111011140147/http://www.epeshawar.memebot.com/khyber_gate.html">History of Khyber Pass, Pakistan</a> (archived)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160324194029/http://www.twilighthistories.com/2015/07/28/napoleon-in-afghanistan/">Twilight histories, Napoleon in Afghanistan</a> (archived)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Khyber Pakhtunkhwa topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa&#124;link=Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa_Province_of_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Khyber Pakhtunkhwa"><img alt="Khyber Pakhtunkhwa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Flag_of_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa.svg/23px-Flag_of_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Flag_of_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa.svg/35px-Flag_of_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Flag_of_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa.svg/45px-Flag_of_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="793" data-file-height="528" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Administrative_units_of_Pakistan" title="Administrative units of Pakistan">Province</a> of <a href="/wiki/Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Khyber Pakhtunkhwa</a> topics</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="History of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gandhara" title="Gandhara">Gandhara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Peshawar" title="History of Peshawar">History of Peshawar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North-West_Frontier_Province_(1901%E2%80%932010)" class="mw-redirect" title="North-West Frontier Province (1901–2010)">British period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durand_Line" title="Durand Line">Durand Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" class="mw-redirect" title="Names of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Names of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durrani_Empire" title="Durrani Empire">Durrani Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Afghan_War" title="Soviet–Afghan War">Soviet–Afghan War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Governor of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Governor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Minister_of_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Chief Minister of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Chief Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_(government)" title="Cabinet (government)">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provincial_Assembly_of_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Provincial Assembly of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Provincial Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jirga" title="Jirga">Jirga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loya_jirga" class="mw-redirect" title="Loya jirga">Loya jirga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divisions_of_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Divisions of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" class="mw-redirect" title="Districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Economy of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provincial_Highways_of_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" class="mw-redirect" title="Provincial Highways of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Provincial Highways of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Culture and<br />places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pashtun_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Pashtun people">Pashtun people</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Pashtuns" title="List of Pashtuns">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashtun_tribes" title="Pashtun tribes">Pashtun tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashtun_culture" title="Pashtun culture">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashto_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pashto language">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashtun_cuisine" title="Pashtun cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashtunwali" title="Pashtunwali">Pashtunwali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashtunization" title="Pashtunization">Pashtunization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashtun_diaspora" title="Pashtun diaspora">Diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashtun_dress" class="mw-redirect" title="Pashtun dress">Dress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashtun_tribal_structure" class="mw-redirect" title="Pashtun tribal structure">Pashtun tribal structure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_(name)" class="mw-redirect" title="Afghan (name)">Afghan (name)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashtun_names" class="mw-redirect" title="Pashtun names">Pashtun names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashto_music" title="Pashto music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashto_media" title="Pashto media">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provincial_Highways_of_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" class="mw-redirect" title="Provincial Highways of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Provincial highways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashto_literature_and_poetry" title="Pashto literature and poetry">Literature and poetry</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Pashto-language_poets" title="List of Pashto-language poets">List of poets</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashto_alphabet" title="Pashto alphabet">Alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashto_grammar" title="Pashto grammar">Grammar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashto_dialects" title="Pashto dialects">Dialects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashto_cinema" title="Pashto cinema">Pollywood</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Pashto-language_films" title="List of Pashto-language films">List of films</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Pashto-language_singers" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Pashto-language singers">Singers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Pashto-language_television_channels" title="List of Pashto-language television channels">List of television channels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindkowan_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindkowan people">Hindkowan people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindko_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindko language">Hindko language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghans_in_Pakistan" title="Afghans in Pakistan">Afghan refugees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_archaeological_sites_and_monuments_in_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" class="mw-redirect" title="List of archaeological sites and monuments in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Archaeological sites and monuments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazara_region" title="Hazara region">Hazara region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provincially_Administered_Tribal_Areas" title="Provincially Administered Tribal Areas">Provincially Administered Tribal Areas</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Khyber Pass</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Geography</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Most_populous_cities_in_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" class="mw-redirect" title="Most populous cities in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">List of largest cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" class="mw-redirect" title="Districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashtunistan" title="Pashtunistan">Pashtunistan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Education & Health</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hazara_University" title="Hazara University">Hazara University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Peshawar" title="University of Peshawar">University of Peshawar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hospitals_in_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" class="mw-redirect" title="List of hospitals in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Hospitals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Sport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa_cricket_team" title="Khyber Pakhtunkhwa cricket team">Khyber Pakhtunkhwa cricket team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peshawar_Zalmi" title="Peshawar Zalmi">Peshawar Zalmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peshawar_Panthers" title="Peshawar Panthers">Peshawar Panthers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbottabad_Rhinos" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbottabad Rhinos">Abbottabad Rhinos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Category:Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="WikiProject"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">WikiProject</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Afghanistan_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Afghanistan_topics" title="Template:Afghanistan topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Afghanistan_topics" title="Template talk:Afghanistan topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Afghanistan_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Afghanistan topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Afghanistan_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Afghanistan" title="Outline of Afghanistan">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Afghanistan" title="History of Afghanistan">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_history_of_Afghanistan" title="Ancient history of Afghanistan">Pre-Islamic period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indus_Valley_Civilisation" title="Indus Valley Civilisation">Indus Valley civilisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurya_Empire" title="Maurya Empire">Maurya Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Khorasan" title="Greater Khorasan">Greater Khorasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokhara_Yabghus" title="Tokhara Yabghus">Yabghus of Tokharistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turk_Shahis" title="Turk Shahis">Turk Shahis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_Shahis" title="Hindu Shahis">Hindu Shahis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_conquests_of_Afghanistan" title="Muslim conquests of Afghanistan">Islamic conquest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_conquest_of_Central_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongol conquest of Central Asia">Mongol invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotak_dynasty" title="Hotak dynasty">Hotak dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kandahar" title="Siege of Kandahar">Siege of Kandahar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durrani_Empire" title="Durrani Empire">Durrani Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Battle_of_Panipat" title="Third Battle of Panipat">Third Battle of Panipat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dost_Mohammad_Khan" title="Dost Mohammad Khan">Dost Mohammad Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Afghanistan" title="Emirate of Afghanistan">Emirate of Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jamrud" title="Battle of Jamrud">Battle of Jamrud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghan%E2%80%93Sikh_Wars" title="Afghan–Sikh Wars">Afghan–Sikh Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Afghan_War" title="First Anglo-Afghan War">First Anglo-Afghan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Afghan_War" title="Second Anglo-Afghan War">Second Anglo-Afghan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Anglo-Afghan_War" title="Third Anglo-Afghan War">Third Anglo-Afghan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Afghanistan" title="Kingdom of Afghanistan">Kingdom of Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Civil_War_(1928%E2%80%931929)" title="Afghan Civil War (1928–1929)">Reforms of Amānullāh Khān and civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saqqawists" title="Saqqawists">Saqqawists</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Afghanistan_(1929)" title="Emirate of Afghanistan (1929)">Emirate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Afghanistan_(1973%E2%80%931978)" title="Republic of Afghanistan (1973–1978)">Daoud's Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_Afghanistan" title="Democratic Republic of Afghanistan">Democratic Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Afghan_War" title="Soviet–Afghan War">Soviet war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Afghanistan_(1992%E2%80%93present)" title="History of Afghanistan (1992–present)">since 1992</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Afghanistan" title="Islamic State of Afghanistan">Islamic State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Emirate_of_Afghanistan_(1996%E2%80%932001)" title="Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001)">First Islamic Emirate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_invasion_of_Afghanistan" title="United States invasion of Afghanistan">2001 invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">War (2001–2021)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Republic_of_Afghanistan" title="Islamic Republic of Afghanistan">Islamic Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Second Islamic Emirate</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="By_topic" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Afghan_history" title="Timeline of Afghan history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Arabs_in_Afghanistan" title="History of Arabs in Afghanistan">Arabs in Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_influence_in_Afghanistan" title="European influence in Afghanistan">European influence</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Graveyard_of_empires" title="Graveyard of empires">Graveyard of empires</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan" title="War in Afghanistan">Wars in Afghanistan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Afghanistan" title="Geography of Afghanistan">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Afghanistan" title="Subdivisions of Afghanistan">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Borders_of_Afghanistan" title="Template:Borders of Afghanistan">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Afghanistan" title="Climate change in Afghanistan">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Afghanistan" title="List of earthquakes in Afghanistan">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Afghanistan" title="Environmental issues in Afghanistan">Environmental issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_points_of_Afghanistan" title="Extreme points of Afghanistan">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_Afghanistan" title="List of volcanoes in Afghanistan">Volcanoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Afghanistan" title="Wildlife of Afghanistan">Wildlife</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Afghanistan" title="Demographics of Afghanistan">Demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Afghanistan" title="Ethnic groups in Afghanistan">Ethnic groups in Afghanistan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Arabs_in_Afghanistan" title="History of Arabs in Afghanistan">Arabs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baloch_people" title="Baloch people">Baloch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farsiwan" title="Farsiwan">Farsiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurjar" title="Gurjar">Gurjar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazaras" title="Hazaras">Hazaras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kho_people" title="Kho people">Kho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuristanis" title="Nuristanis">Nuristanis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashtuns" title="Pashtuns">Pashtuns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qizilbash" title="Qizilbash">Qizilbash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajiks" title="Tajiks">Tajiks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmens" title="Turkmens">Turkmens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbeks" title="Uzbeks">Uzbeks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Afghanistan" title="Health in Afghanistan">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Afghanistan" title="Languages of Afghanistan">Languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dari" title="Dari">Persian (Dari)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Afghanistan" title="Women in Afghanistan">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Afghanistan" title="Politics of Afghanistan">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Constitution_of_Afghanistan" title="1964 Constitution of Afghanistan">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jirga" title="Jirga">Loya jirga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leadership_Council_of_Afghanistan" title="Leadership Council of Afghanistan">Leadership Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Leader_of_Afghanistan" title="Supreme Leader of Afghanistan">Supreme Leader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Afghanistan" title="Prime Minister of Afghanistan">Prime Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Leader_of_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Deputy Leader of Afghanistan">Deputy Leader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Afghanistan" title="Cabinet of Afghanistan">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_provincial_governors_in_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current provincial governors in Afghanistan">Current provincial governors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Afghanistan" title="Foreign relations of Afghanistan">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Afghanistan" title="Human rights in Afghanistan">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Afghanistan">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treatment_of_women_by_the_Taliban" title="Treatment of women by the Taliban">women</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Afghanistan" title="Supreme Court of Afghanistan">Supreme Court</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_Afghanistan" title="Chief Justice of Afghanistan">Chief Justice</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Afghanistan" title="Economy of Afghanistan">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_afghani" title="Afghan afghani">Afghani (currency)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_in_Afghanistan" title="Communications in Afghanistan">Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Afghanistan" title="Energy in Afghanistan">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_Afghanistan" title="Mining in Afghanistan">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opium_production_in_Afghanistan" title="Opium production in Afghanistan">Opium production in Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Afghanistan" title="Taxation in Afghanistan">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecommunications in Afghanistan">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Afghanistan" title="Tourism in Afghanistan">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan%E2%80%93Afghanistan%E2%80%93Pakistan%E2%80%93India_Pipeline" title="Turkmenistan–Afghanistan–Pakistan–India Pipeline">Trans-Afghanistan Pipeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Afghanistan" title="Transport in Afghanistan">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Afghanistan" title="Culture of Afghanistan">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_cuisine" title="Afghan cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Afghanistan" title="Education in Afghanistan">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Afghanistan" title="Flag of Afghanistan">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Afghanistan" title="Music of Afghanistan">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Afghanistan" title="Cinema of Afghanistan">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan_at_the_Olympics" title="Afghanistan at the Olympics">Olympics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashtunwali" title="Pashtunwali">Pashtunwali (Pashtun life)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poetry_of_Afghanistan" title="Poetry of Afghanistan">Poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Afghanistan" title="Religion in Afghanistan">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_rugs" class="mw-redirect" title="War rugs">War rugs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Afghanistan" title="Outline of Afghanistan">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Afghanistan" title="Outline of Afghanistan">Index</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Afghanistan" title="Bibliography of Afghanistan">Bibliography</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Afghanistan" title="Category:Afghanistan">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Afghanistan" title="Portal:Afghanistan">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mountain_passes_of_Pakistan" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mountain_passes_of_Pakistan" title="Template:Mountain passes of Pakistan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mountain_passes_of_Pakistan" title="Template talk:Mountain passes of Pakistan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mountain_passes_of_Pakistan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mountain passes of Pakistan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mountain_passes_of_Pakistan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Category:Mountain_passes_of_Pakistan" title="Category:Mountain passes of Pakistan">Mountain passes of Pakistan</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Pakistan" title="Geography of Pakistan">Geography of Pakistan</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">On the border</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Broghol" class="mw-redirect" title="Broghol">Broghol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorah_Pass" title="Dorah Pass">Dorah Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gomal_Pass" title="Gomal Pass">Gomal Pass</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Khyber Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peiwar_Pass" title="Peiwar Pass">Peiwar Pass</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khunjerab_Pass" title="Khunjerab Pass">Khunjerab Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilik_Pass" title="Kilik Pass">Kilik Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mintaka_Pass" title="Mintaka Pass">Mintaka Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustagh_Pass" title="Mustagh Pass">Mustagh Pass</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In the interior</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Babusar_Pass" title="Babusar Pass">Babusar Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bashkaro_Pass" title="Bashkaro Pass">Bashkaro Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolan_Pass" title="Bolan Pass">Bolan Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaprot_Pass" title="Chaprot Pass">Chaprot Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gondogoro_Pass" title="Gondogoro Pass">Gondogoro Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayal_Pass" title="Hayal Pass">Hayal Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispar_Pass" title="Hispar Pass">Hispar Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karakar_Pass" title="Karakar Pass">Karakar Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khojak_Pass" title="Khojak Pass">Khojak Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kohat_Pass" title="Kohat Pass">Kohat Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowari_Pass" title="Lowari Pass">Lowari Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malakand_Pass" title="Malakand Pass">Malakand Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naltar_Pass" title="Naltar Pass">Naltar Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shandur_Pass" title="Shandur Pass">Shandur Pass</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Landforms_of_Pakistan" title="Category:Landforms of Pakistan">Landforms of Pakistan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191333#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191333#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191333#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/256606067">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4408256-3">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh98007954">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00628338">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Chajbarský průsmyk (Afghánistán a Pákistán)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge693218&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007554102205171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/137792808">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/hayber-gecidi">İslâm Ansiklopedisi</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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