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</ul> </li> <li id="toc-1960s_and_1970s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1960s_and_1970s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>1960s and 1970s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1960s_and_1970s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Influence_and_impact" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influence_and_impact"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Influence and impact</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Influence_and_impact-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Influence and impact subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Influence_and_impact-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Remakes:_East_and_West" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Remakes:_East_and_West"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Remakes: East and West</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Remakes:_East_and_West-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prominent_directors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prominent_directors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Prominent directors</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Prominent_directors-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Prominent directors subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Prominent_directors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-China" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#China"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>China</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-China-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hong_Kong" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hong_Kong"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Hong Kong</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hong_Kong-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Japan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Japan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_Korea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_Korea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>South Korea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_Korea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Taiwan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taiwan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Taiwan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taiwan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prominent_actors_and_actresses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prominent_actors_and_actresses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Prominent actors and actresses</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Prominent_actors_and_actresses-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Prominent actors and actresses subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Prominent_actors_and_actresses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-China_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#China_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>China</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-China_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hong_Kong_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hong_Kong_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.1</span> <span>Hong Kong</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hong_Kong_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Japan_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japan_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Japan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japan_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_Korea_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_Korea_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>South Korea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_Korea_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Taiwan_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taiwan_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Taiwan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taiwan_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Collections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " 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class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A2%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82%DB%8C" title="سینمای آسیای شرقی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سینمای آسیای شرقی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cin%C3%A9ma_d%27Asie_de_l%27Est" title="Cinéma d'Asie de l'Est – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cinéma d'Asie de l'Est" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%95%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C_%DA%95%DB%86%DA%98%DA%BE%DB%95%DA%B5%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="سینەمای ڕۆژھەڵاتی ئاسیا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سینەمای ڕۆژھەڵاتی ئاسیا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%88" title="கிழக்காசியத் திரைப்படத்துறை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கிழக்காசியத் திரைப்படத்துறை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90i%E1%BB%87n_%E1%BA%A3nh_%C4%90%C3%B4ng_%C3%81" title="Điện ảnh Đông Á – Vietnamese" 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Cinema+of+East+Asia%22">"Cinema of East Asia"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Cinema+of+East+Asia%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Cinema+of+East+Asia%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Cinema+of+East+Asia%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Cinema+of+East+Asia%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Cinema+of+East+Asia%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2015</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Cinema of East Asia</b> is <a href="/wiki/Film" title="Film">cinema</a> produced in <a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East Asia</a> or by people from this region. It is part of <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Asia" title="Cinema of Asia">cinema of Asia</a>, which in turn is part of <a href="/wiki/World_cinema" title="World cinema">world cinema</a>. </p><p>The most significant film industries that are categorized as East Asian cinema are the industries of <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_mainland_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinema of mainland China">Mainland China</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Hong_Kong" title="Cinema of Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Japan" title="Cinema of Japan">Japan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_South_Korea" title="Cinema of South Korea">South Korea</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Taiwan" title="Cinema of Taiwan">Taiwan</a>. The term is sometimes confused with <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asian_cinema" title="Southeast Asian cinema">Southeast Asian cinema</a>, as the cinematic traditions between the two Asian sub-regions have their own uniquely distinct markers that are often conflated and incorrectly referred to as such, which include the likes of <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Singapore" title="Cinema of Singapore">Singapore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Malaysia" title="Cinema of Malaysia">Malaysia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Indonesia" title="Cinema of Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Vietnam" title="Cinema of Vietnam">Vietnam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Thailand" title="Cinema of Thailand">Thailand</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Philippines" title="Cinema of the Philippines">Philippines</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eastern_World.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Eastern_World.PNG/200px-Eastern_World.PNG" decoding="async" width="200" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Eastern_World.PNG/300px-Eastern_World.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Eastern_World.PNG/400px-Eastern_World.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1903" data-file-height="837" /></a><figcaption>East Asia is highlighted in green on this map, which also includes Southeast Asia (blue) and South Asia (orange).</figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Styles_and_genres">Styles and genres</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_East_Asia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Styles and genres"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The scope of East Asian cinema is huge and covers a vast array of different <a href="/wiki/Film_styles" title="Film styles">film styles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Film_genre" title="Film genre">genres</a>, as the region's rich cinematic traditions are particularly well-known internationally for its production of the following types of genres such as: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martial_arts_films" class="mw-redirect" title="Martial arts films">Martial arts films</a> — including <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_martial_arts_films" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong martial arts films">Hong Kong martial arts films</a> (such as period <a href="/wiki/Kung_fu_films" class="mw-redirect" title="Kung fu films">kung fu films</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chopsocky" title="Chopsocky">chopsocky</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bruceploitation" title="Bruceploitation">Bruceploitation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wuxia" title="Wuxia">Wuxia</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Japanese_martial_arts" title="Japanese martial arts">Japanese martial arts</a> films (including <a href="/wiki/Ninja_films" class="mw-redirect" title="Ninja films">ninja films</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_action_cinema" title="Hong Kong action cinema">Hong Kong action cinema</a> —including <a href="/wiki/Martial_arts" title="Martial arts">martial arts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stunt" title="Stunt">stunt</a> action, <a href="/wiki/Action_comedy_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Action comedy film">action comedy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gun_fu" title="Gun fu">gun fu</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Girls_with_guns" title="Girls with guns">girls with guns</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jidaigeki" title="Jidaigeki">Jidaigeki</a></i> — Japanese period films, including <a href="/wiki/Samurai_cinema" title="Samurai cinema">Samurai cinema</a> (<i>chanbara</i>) and <a href="/wiki/Ninja" title="Ninja">ninja</a> films</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_horror_films" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian horror films">Horror films</a> — including <a href="/wiki/Japanese_horror" title="Japanese horror">Japanese horror</a> and <a href="/wiki/Korean_horror" title="Korean horror">Korean horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anime" title="Anime">Anime</a> — Japanese animation</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drama_films" class="mw-redirect" title="Drama films">Drama films</a> — including <a href="/wiki/Korean_drama" title="Korean drama">Korean drama</a> (Korean-style <a href="/wiki/Telenovela" title="Telenovela">telenovela</a> and <a href="/wiki/Soap_opera" title="Soap opera">soap opera</a> film) and <a href="/wiki/Dorama" class="mw-redirect" title="Dorama">Dorama</a> (Japanese drama)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangster_films" class="mw-redirect" title="Gangster films">Gangster films</a> — including <a href="/wiki/Heroic_bloodshed" title="Heroic bloodshed">heroic bloodshed</a> films (Hong Kong <a href="/wiki/Action_crime" class="mw-redirect" title="Action crime">action crime</a> films, usually centered on Chinese <a href="/wiki/Triad_society" class="mw-redirect" title="Triad society">Triad</a> crime organisations) and Japanese gangster films (<a href="/wiki/Yakuza_films" class="mw-redirect" title="Yakuza films">Yakuza films</a> and <a href="/wiki/Punk_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Punk film">punk films</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_science_fiction" title="Japanese science fiction">Japanese science fiction</a> — including <i><a href="/wiki/Tokusatsu" title="Tokusatsu">Tokusatsu</a></i> (such as <i><a href="/wiki/Kaiju" title="Kaiju">Kaiju</a></i> monster films and <a href="/wiki/Superhero_films" class="mw-redirect" title="Superhero films">superhero films</a>), <a href="/wiki/Japanese_cyberpunk" title="Japanese cyberpunk">Japanese cyberpunk</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Steampunk" title="Steampunk">steampunk</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_East_Asia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1890s–1950s"><span id="1890s.E2.80.931950s"></span>1890s–1950s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_East_Asia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1890s–1950s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Unlike the film industries in the Western world, East Asian film industries in its early days were not dominated by American distributors, and developed in relative isolation from Hollywood cinema; while Hollywood films were screened in East Asian countries, they were less popular than home-grown fare with local audiences. Thus, several distinctive genres and styles developed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1950s:_global_influence">1950s: global influence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_East_Asia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1950s: global influence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>East Asian cinema has—to widely varying degrees nationally—had a global audience since at least the 1950s. At the beginning of the decade, <a href="/wiki/Akira_Kurosawa" title="Akira Kurosawa">Akira Kurosawa</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Rashomon_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rashomon (film)">Rashomon</a></i> (1950) and <a href="/wiki/Kenji_Mizoguchi" title="Kenji Mizoguchi">Kenji Mizoguchi</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Ugetsu" title="Ugetsu">Ugetsu</a></i> (1953) both captured prizes at the <a href="/wiki/Venice_Film_Festival" title="Venice Film Festival">Venice Film Festival</a> and elsewhere, and by the middle of the decade <a href="/wiki/Teinosuke_Kinugasa" title="Teinosuke Kinugasa">Teinosuke Kinugasa</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Gate_of_Hell_(film)" title="Gate of Hell (film)">Gate of Hell</a></i> (1953) and the first part of <a href="/wiki/Hiroshi_Inagaki" title="Hiroshi Inagaki">Hiroshi Inagaki</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Samurai_Trilogy" title="Samurai Trilogy">Samurai Trilogy</a></i> (1954) had won Oscars. Kurosawa's <i><a href="/wiki/Seven_Samurai" title="Seven Samurai">Seven Samurai</a></i> (1954) became a global success; Japanese cinema had burst into international consciousness. </p><p>By the end of the decade, several critics associated with French journal <i><a href="/wiki/Cahiers_du_cin%C3%A9ma" class="mw-redirect" title="Cahiers du cinéma">Cahiers du cinéma</a></i> published some of the first Western studies on Japanese film; many of those critics went on to become founding members of the French <i><a href="/wiki/Nouvelle_vague" class="mw-redirect" title="Nouvelle vague">nouvelle vague</a></i>, which began simultaneously with the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_New_Wave" title="Japanese New Wave">Japanese New Wave</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1960s_and_1970s">1960s and 1970s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_East_Asia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 1960s and 1970s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By the late 60s and early 70s, Japanese cinema had begun to become seriously affected by the collapse of the studio system. As Japanese cinema slipped into a period of relative low visibility, the cinema of Hong Kong entered a dramatic renaissance of its own, largely a side effect of the development of the <i>wuxia</i> blending of action, history, and spiritual concerns. Several major figures emerged in Hong Kong at this time, including <a href="/wiki/King_Hu" title="King Hu">King Hu</a>, whose 1966 <i><a href="/wiki/Come_Drink_With_Me" class="mw-redirect" title="Come Drink With Me">Come Drink With Me</a></i> was a key influence upon many subsequent Hong Kong cinematic developments. Shortly thereafter, the American-born <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Lee" title="Bruce Lee">Bruce Lee</a> became a global icon. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Influence_and_impact">Influence and impact</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_East_Asia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Influence and impact"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As the popularity of East Asian films has endured, it is unsurprising that members of the Western film industry would cite their influences (notably <a href="/wiki/George_Lucas" title="George Lucas">George Lucas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Altman" title="Robert Altman">Robert Altman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Martin_Scorsese" title="Martin Scorsese">Martin Scorsese</a> citing <a href="/wiki/Akira_Kurosawa" title="Akira Kurosawa">Akira Kurosawa</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Jim_Jarmusch" title="Jim Jarmusch">Jim Jarmusch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paul_Schrader" title="Paul Schrader">Paul Schrader</a>'s similar mentions of <a href="/wiki/Yasujir%C5%8D_Ozu" title="Yasujirō Ozu">Yasujirō Ozu</a>), and—on occasion—work to introduce less well-known filmmakers to Western audiences (such as the growing number of Eastern films released with the endorsement "<a href="/wiki/Quentin_Tarantino" title="Quentin Tarantino">Quentin Tarantino</a> Presents"). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Remakes:_East_and_West">Remakes: East and West</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_East_Asia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Remakes: East and West"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Another sign of the increasing influence of East Asian film in the West is <a href="/wiki/List_of_English-language_films_based_on_foreign-language_films" class="mw-redirect" title="List of English-language films based on foreign-language films">the number of East Asian films that have been remade</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_States" title="Cinema of the United States">Hollywood</a> and <a href="/wiki/European_cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="European cinema">European cinema</a>, a tradition extending at least as far back as <a href="/wiki/Western_(genre)" title="Western (genre)">Western</a> remakes of <a href="/wiki/Akira_Kurosawa" title="Akira Kurosawa">Akira Kurosawa</a> films, such as <a href="/wiki/John_Sturges" title="John Sturges">John Sturges</a>' 1960 <i><a href="/wiki/The_Magnificent_Seven" title="The Magnificent Seven">The Magnificent Seven</a></i> (based on <i><a href="/wiki/Seven_Samurai" title="Seven Samurai">Seven Samurai</a></i>, 1954), and <a href="/wiki/Martin_Ritt" title="Martin Ritt">Martin Ritt</a>'s 1964 <i><a href="/wiki/The_Outrage" title="The Outrage">The Outrage</a></i> (based on <i><a href="/wiki/Rashomon_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rashomon (film)">Rashomon</a></i>, 1950), continuing through present-day remakes of <a href="/wiki/J-Horror" class="mw-redirect" title="J-Horror">J-Horror</a> films like <i><a href="/wiki/Ring_(film)" title="Ring (film)">Ring</a></i> (1998) and <i><a href="/wiki/Ju-on:_The_Grudge" class="mw-redirect" title="Ju-on: The Grudge">Ju-on: The Grudge</a></i> (2002). </p><p>The influence also goes the other way. A number of East Asian films have also been based upon Western source material as varied as the quickie <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Hong_Kong" title="Cinema of Hong Kong">Hong Kong film</a> remakes of Hollywood hits as well as Kurosawa's adaptations of works by <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/The_Bad_Sleep_Well" title="The Bad Sleep Well">The Bad Sleep Well</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Throne_of_Blood" title="Throne of Blood">Throne of Blood</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Ran_(film)" title="Ran (film)">Ran</a></i>), <a href="/wiki/Maxim_Gorky" title="Maxim Gorky">Maxim Gorky</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/The_Lower_Depths" title="The Lower Depths">The Lower Depths</a></i>), and <a href="/wiki/Evan_Hunter" title="Evan Hunter">Ed McBain</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/High_and_Low_(1963_film)" title="High and Low (1963 film)">High and Low</a></i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prominent_directors">Prominent directors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_East_Asia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Prominent directors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some of the most accomplished directors of East Asian cinema include: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="China">China</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_East_Asia&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: China"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Cai_Chusheng" title="Cai Chusheng">Cai Chusheng</a></b> (1906–1968) — Influential Chinese director of the 1930s and 1940s. Best known for his film <i><a href="/wiki/Spring_River_Flows_East" class="mw-redirect" title="Spring River Flows East">Spring River Flows East</a></i>, which is frequently regarded as one of the masterpieces of Chinese cinema.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Chen_Kaige" title="Chen Kaige">Chen Kaige</a></b> (born 1952) — Fifth-Generation Chinese film director known for films such as <i><a href="/wiki/Farewell_My_Concubine_(film)" title="Farewell My Concubine (film)">Farewell My Concubine</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Emperor_and_the_Assassin" title="The Emperor and the Assassin">The Emperor and the Assassin</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Yellow_Earth" title="Yellow Earth">Yellow Earth</a></i> (one of the first Chinese films to compete in international film festivals after the Cultural Revolution).</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Jiang_Wen" title="Jiang Wen">Jiang Wen</a></b> (born 1963) — Famous Chinese actor turned director. Best known for <i><a href="/wiki/In_the_Heat_of_the_Sun" title="In the Heat of the Sun">In the Heat of the Sun</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Devils_on_the_Doorstep" title="Devils on the Doorstep">Devils on the Doorstep</a></i>, which won the Grand Prize of the Jury at the 2000 <a href="/wiki/Cannes_Film_Festival" title="Cannes Film Festival">Cannes Film Festival</a>.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Jia_Zhangke" title="Jia Zhangke">Jia Zhangke</a></b> (born 1970) — One of the most prominent Sixth-Generation Chinese film directors. His most renowned works includes the highly acclaimed <i><a href="/wiki/Platform_(2000_film)" title="Platform (2000 film)">Platform</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Unknown_Pleasures_(film)" title="Unknown Pleasures (film)">Unknown Pleasures</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/The_World_(film)" title="The World (film)">The World</a></i>.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Fei_Mu" title="Fei Mu">Fei Mu</a></b> (1906–1951) — Pioneering Chinese director in the 1940s. Best known for the film <i><a href="/wiki/Spring_in_a_Small_Town" title="Spring in a Small Town">Spring in a Small Town</a></i>, which is considered by many to be the best Chinese film ever made.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Lou_Ye" title="Lou Ye">Lou Ye</a></b> (born 1965) — Sixth-Generation film director of <i><a href="/wiki/Purple_Butterfly" title="Purple Butterfly">Purple Butterfly</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Summer_Palace_(2006_film)" title="Summer Palace (2006 film)">Summer Palace</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Suzhou_River_(film)" title="Suzhou River (film)">Suzhou River</a></i>.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Lu_Chuan" title="Lu Chuan">Lu Chuan</a></b> (born 1970) — Sixth-Generation Chinese film director. Best known for <i><a href="/wiki/The_Missing_Gun" title="The Missing Gun">The Missing Gun</a></i> and the award-winning <i><a href="/wiki/Kekexili:_Mountain_Patrol" title="Kekexili: Mountain Patrol">Kekexili: Mountain Patrol</a></i>.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tian_Zhuangzhuang" title="Tian Zhuangzhuang">Tian Zhuangzhuang</a></b> (born 1952) — One of the most prominent Fifth-Generation film directors. Known for films such as <i><a href="/wiki/The_Blue_Kite" title="The Blue Kite">The Blue Kite</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Horse_Thief" title="The Horse Thief">The Horse Thief</a></i>.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wang_Xiaoshuai" title="Wang Xiaoshuai">Wang Xiaoshuai</a></b> (born 1966) — Award-winning Sixth-Generation Chinese film director.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wu_Yonggang" title="Wu Yonggang">Wu Yonggang</a></b> (1907–1982) — Chinese director of the 1930s best known for his work with the actress <a href="/wiki/Ruan_Lingyu" title="Ruan Lingyu">Ruan Lingyu</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/The_Goddess_(1934_film)" title="The Goddess (1934 film)">The Goddess</a>.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Xie_Jin" title="Xie Jin">Xie Jin</a></b> (1923–2008) — Well-known Chinese director during the Cultural Revolution. Notable works includes: <i><a href="/wiki/The_Red_Detachment_of_Women_(1961_film)" title="The Red Detachment of Women (1961 film)">The Red Detachment of Women</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Two_Stage_Sisters" title="Two Stage Sisters">Two Stage Sisters</a></i>.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Yuan_Muzhi" title="Yuan Muzhi">Yuan Muzhi</a></b> (1909–1978) — Chinese director best known for the film <i><a href="/wiki/Street_Angel_(1937_film)" title="Street Angel (1937 film)">Street Angel</a></i> starring actress <a href="/wiki/Zhou_Xuan" title="Zhou Xuan">Zhou Xuan</a>.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Yimou" title="Zhang Yimou">Zhang Yimou</a></b> (born 1950) — Fifth-Generation film director known for his sumptuous visual styles and allegorical story-tellings. Notable films: <i><a href="/wiki/Red_Sorghum_(film)" title="Red Sorghum (film)">Red Sorghum</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Raise_the_Red_Lantern" title="Raise the Red Lantern">Raise the Red Lantern</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/To_Live_(1994_film)" title="To Live (1994 film)">To Live</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Hero_(2002_film)" title="Hero (2002 film)">Hero</a></i>.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Yuan_(director)" title="Zhang Yuan (director)">Zhang Yuan</a></b> (born 1963) — Sixth-Generation Chinese film director best known for the film <i><a href="/wiki/East_Palace,_West_Palace" title="East Palace, West Palace">East Palace, West Palace</a></i>.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Zhu_Shilin" title="Zhu Shilin">Zhu Shilin</a></b> (1899–1967) — Influential Chinese director of the early sound era.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hong_Kong">Hong Kong</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_East_Asia&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Hong Kong"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Jackie_Chan" title="Jackie Chan">Jackie Chan</a></b> (born 1954).</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Chow" title="Stephen Chow">Stephen Chow</a></b> (born 1962) — Director, actor and comedian, best known in the West for the films <i><a href="/wiki/Shaolin_Soccer" title="Shaolin Soccer">Shaolin Soccer</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Kung_Fu_Hustle" title="Kung Fu Hustle">Kung Fu Hustle</a></i>.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ringo_Lam" title="Ringo Lam">Ringo Lam</a></b> (born 1954) — Best known for the film <i><a href="/wiki/City_on_Fire_(1987_film)" title="City on Fire (1987 film)">City on Fire</a></i> starring <a href="/wiki/Chow_Yun-fat" title="Chow Yun-fat">Chow Yun-fat</a>; has also worked with <a href="/wiki/Jean-Claude_Van_Damme" title="Jean-Claude Van Damme">Jean-Claude Van Damme</a>.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tsui_Hark" title="Tsui Hark">Tsui Hark</a></b> (born 1950) — Major commercial Hong Kong director; Hark attended film school in the U.S. Best known for <i>Zu</i>, the <i><a href="/wiki/Once_Upon_A_Time_In_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Once Upon A Time In China">Once Upon A Time In China</a></i> series, and <i>Green Snake</i>, among many other films.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ann_Hui" title="Ann Hui">Ann Hui</a></b> (born 1947) — Hui emerged from the late 1970s Hong Kong new wave, gaining attention for <i>Spooky Bunch</i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Boat_People_(film)" title="Boat People (film)">Boat People</a></i>.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sammo_Hung" title="Sammo Hung">Sammo Hung</a></b> (born 1952) — Director, actor and stuntman of <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_action_cinema" title="Hong Kong action cinema">Hong Kong action cinema</a>, famed for starring, directing and choreographing <a href="/wiki/Kung_Fu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kung Fu">Kung Fu</a> <a href="/wiki/Martial_arts_film" title="Martial arts film">martial arts films</a> for over 40 years, as well as his association with fellow stars <a href="/wiki/Jackie_Chan" title="Jackie Chan">Jackie Chan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yuen_Biao" title="Yuen Biao">Yuen Biao</a> and the hit US television series <a href="/wiki/Martial_Law_(TV_series)" title="Martial Law (TV series)">Martial Law</a>.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Kwan" title="Stanley Kwan">Stanley Kwan</a></b> (born 1957) — Director of <i><a href="/wiki/Rouge_(film)" title="Rouge (film)">Rouge</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Center_Stage_(1991_film)" title="Center Stage (1991 film)">Center Stage</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Lan_Yu_(film)" title="Lan Yu (film)">Lan Yu</a></i>. Kwan is notable as one of a small number of directors who have successfully blurred the boundaries between "art" and "popular" cinema.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Clara_Law" title="Clara Law">Clara Law</a></b> (born 1957) — Law was one of the key figures in the late 1970s Hong Kong new wave, well known for <i><a href="/wiki/Autumn_Moon" title="Autumn Moon">Autumn Moon</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Temptation_of_a_Monk" title="Temptation of a Monk">Temptation of a Monk</a></i>.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Johnnie_To" title="Johnnie To">Johnnie To</a></b> (born 1955) — Internationally acclaimed director of genre films, known for <i><a href="/wiki/All_About_Ah_Long" class="mw-redirect" title="All About Ah Long">All About Ah Long</a></i> (1989), <i><a href="/wiki/Fulltime_Killer" title="Fulltime Killer">Fulltime Killer</a></i> (2001), <i><a href="/wiki/Election_2" title="Election 2">Election 2</a></i> (a.k.a. <i><a href="/wiki/Triad_Election" class="mw-redirect" title="Triad Election">Triad Election</a> </i> ) (<a href="/wiki/2006_in_film" title="2006 in film">2006</a>) and <i><a href="/wiki/Exiled_(2006_film)" title="Exiled (2006 film)">Exiled</a></i> (2006). He is a darling of <a href="/wiki/Film_festivals" class="mw-redirect" title="Film festivals">film festivals</a>, from <a href="/wiki/Cannes_Film_Festival" title="Cannes Film Festival">Cannes Film Festival</a> to <a href="/wiki/Venice_Film_Festival" title="Venice Film Festival">Venice Film Festival</a>.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Lo_Wei" title="Lo Wei">Lo Wei</a></b> (1918–1996).</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wong_Kar-wai" title="Wong Kar-wai">Wong Kar-wai</a></b> (born 1958) — Internationally influential director known for his expressive stylishness. <i><a href="/wiki/In_the_Mood_For_Love" class="mw-redirect" title="In the Mood For Love">In the Mood For Love</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Chungking_Express" title="Chungking Express">Chungking Express</a></i> are among his best-known films.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/John_Woo" title="John Woo">John Woo</a></b> (born 1946) — One of the best known East Asian directors to Western audiences, his domestic output includes the <a href="/wiki/Chow_Yun-fat" title="Chow Yun-fat">Chow Yun-fat</a> films <i><a href="/wiki/The_Killer_(1989_film)" title="The Killer (1989 film)">The Killer</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Hard_Boiled" title="Hard Boiled">Hard Boiled</a></i> and his Western movies include <i><a href="/wiki/Mission:_Impossible_2" title="Mission: Impossible 2">Mission: Impossible 2</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Broken_Arrow_(1996_film)" title="Broken Arrow (1996 film)">Broken Arrow</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Face/Off" title="Face/Off">Face/Off</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Paycheck_(film)" title="Paycheck (film)">Paycheck</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Yuen_Woo-ping" title="Yuen Woo-ping">Yuen Woo-ping</a></b> (born 1945) — Director of classic kung fu films including the <i><a href="/wiki/Drunken_Master" title="Drunken Master">Drunken Master</a></i> (starring <a href="/wiki/Jackie_Chan" title="Jackie Chan">Jackie Chan</a>) and <i><a href="/wiki/Magnificent_Butcher" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnificent Butcher">Magnificent Butcher</a></i> (starring <a href="/wiki/Sammo_Hung" title="Sammo Hung">Sammo Hung</a>). In his later years his expertise as a <a href="/wiki/Martial_arts_choreographer" class="mw-redirect" title="Martial arts choreographer">martial arts choreographer</a> has been sought by Western directors and he has worked on films including <i><a href="/wiki/The_Matrix_series" class="mw-redirect" title="The Matrix series">The Matrix series</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Crouching_Tiger,_Hidden_Dragon" title="Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon">Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Quentin_Tarantino" title="Quentin Tarantino">Quentin Tarantino</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Kill_Bill" class="mw-redirect" title="Kill Bill">Kill Bill</a></i>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Japan">Japan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_East_Asia&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Japan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Kinji_Fukasaku" title="Kinji Fukasaku">Kinji Fukasaku</a></b> (1930–2003) — Director known for his groundbreaking <a href="/wiki/Yakuza" title="Yakuza">yakuza</a> films, including <i><a href="/wiki/Battles_Without_Honor_and_Humanity" title="Battles Without Honor and Humanity">Battles Without Honor and Humanity</a></i> (1973), as well as <i><a href="/wiki/Battle_Royale_(film)" title="Battle Royale (film)">Battle Royale</a></i> (2000).</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Susumu_Hani" title="Susumu Hani">Susumu Hani</a></b> (born 1928) — Prominent independent filmmaker during the 1960s Japanese new wave, known for <i>She and He</i> and <i>Nanami, First Love</i>. After a retreat from feature filmmaking in the 1970s, Hani subsequently gained renown as a nature documentarian.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ishir%C5%8D_Honda" title="Ishirō Honda">Ishirō Honda</a></b> (1911–1993) — Known primarily for his <a href="/wiki/Tokusatsu" title="Tokusatsu">tokusatsu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kaiju" title="Kaiju">kaiju</a> monster films, particularly for bringing the first Godzilla film, <i><a href="/wiki/Godzilla_(1954_film)" title="Godzilla (1954 film)">Godzilla</a></i> (1954) to audiences. His many other films include <i><a href="/wiki/Mothra_(1961_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mothra (1961 film)">Mothra</a></i> (1961), <i><a href="/wiki/King_Kong_vs._Godzilla" title="King Kong vs. Godzilla">King Kong vs. Godzilla</a></i> (1962), <i><a href="/wiki/Mothra_vs._Godzilla" title="Mothra vs. Godzilla">Mothra vs. Godzilla</a></i> (1964) and <i><a href="/wiki/Destroy_All_Monsters" title="Destroy All Monsters">Destroy All Monsters</a></i> (1968).</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kon_Ichikawa" title="Kon Ichikawa">Kon Ichikawa</a></b> (1915–2008) — Influential postwar director of <i><a href="/wiki/Tokyo_Olympiad" title="Tokyo Olympiad">Tokyo Olympiad</a></i> (1965), <i><a href="/wiki/The_Burmese_Harp_(1956_film)" title="The Burmese Harp (1956 film)">The Burmese Harp</a></i> (1956), <i>Fires On The Plain</i> (1959) and <i><a href="/wiki/Conflagration" title="Conflagration">Conflagration</a></i> (<i>Enjo</i>, 1959).</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tadashi_Imai" title="Tadashi Imai">Tadashi Imai</a></b> (1912–1991) — Imai emerged during the postwar years as a pioneering independent filmmaker, usually working outside the studio system and preferring an approach and viewpoint greatly influenced by <a href="/wiki/Italian_neo-realism" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian neo-realism">Italian neo-realism</a>. <i>Night Drum</i> (1958) and <i>Muddy Waters</i> are two of his best known films.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dhei_Imamura" title="Shōhei Imamura">Shōhei Imamura</a></b> (1926–2006) — First Japanese director to win 2 <a href="/wiki/Palme_d%27Or" title="Palme d'Or">Palme d'Or</a> awards at the <a href="/wiki/Cannes_Film_Festival" title="Cannes Film Festival">Cannes Film Festival</a>, for <i><a href="/wiki/The_Ballad_of_Narayama_(1983_film)" title="The Ballad of Narayama (1983 film)">The Ballad of Narayama</a></i> (1983) and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Eel_(film)" title="The Eel (film)">The Eel</a></i> (1998). Other films include <i><a href="/wiki/The_Insect_Woman" title="The Insect Woman">The Insect Woman</a></i> (1963) and <i><a href="/wiki/Black_Rain_(Japanese_movie)" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Rain (Japanese movie)">Black Rain</a></i> (1989).</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Hiroshi_Inagaki" title="Hiroshi Inagaki">Hiroshi Inagaki</a></b> (1905–1980) — Historical melodramatist and former child star best known for the <i><a href="/wiki/Samurai_Trilogy" title="Samurai Trilogy">Samurai Trilogy</a></i> (1956–58), <i>Rickshaw Man</i> (1959) and <i>Chushingura</i> (1962).</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Shunji_Iwai" title="Shunji Iwai">Shunji Iwai</a></b> (born 1963) — Director of <i><a href="/wiki/Swallowtail_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Swallowtail (film)">Swallowtail Butterfly</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/All_About_Lily_Chou-Chou" title="All About Lily Chou-Chou">All About Lily Chou-Chou</a></i>.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Keisuke_Kinoshita" title="Keisuke Kinoshita">Keisuke Kinoshita</a></b> (1912–1998) — Director best known for <i>Twenty-Four Eyes</i> (1954) and <i>Carmen Comes Home</i> (1952), Japan's first color film.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Teinosuke_Kinugasa" title="Teinosuke Kinugasa">Teinosuke Kinugasa</a></b> (1896–1982) — Pioneering director of <i><a href="/wiki/A_Page_of_Madness" title="A Page of Madness">A Page of Madness</a></i> (1926) and <i><a href="/wiki/Jigokumon" class="mw-redirect" title="Jigokumon">The Gate of Hell</a></i> (1953).</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ryuhei_Kitamura" title="Ryuhei Kitamura">Ryuhei Kitamura</a></b> (born 1969) — A former director of pop music videos and television commercials, his films have a distinctly modern style and include <i><a href="/wiki/Versus_(2000_film)" title="Versus (2000 film)">Versus</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Azumi_(film)" title="Azumi (film)">Azumi</a></i> and the most recent incarnation of the giant <a href="/wiki/Kaiju" title="Kaiju">Kaiju</a> reptile, <i><a href="/wiki/Godzilla:_Final_Wars" title="Godzilla: Final Wars">Godzilla: Final Wars</a></i>.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Takeshi_Kitano" title="Takeshi Kitano">Takeshi Kitano</a></b> (born 1947) — A gifted, multi-faceted artist and performer, Kitano's best-regarded directorial efforts include <i><a href="/wiki/Sonatine_(1993_film)" title="Sonatine (1993 film)">Sonatine</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Hana-bi" title="Hana-bi">Hana-bi</a></i>. Kitano is also known for his acting, in such films as <i><a href="/wiki/Battle_Royale_(film)" title="Battle Royale (film)">Battle Royale</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Taboo_(1999_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Taboo (1999 film)">Taboo</a></i>.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Masaki_Kobayashi" title="Masaki Kobayashi">Masaki Kobayashi</a></b> (1916–1996) — Director of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Human_Condition_(film_trilogy)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Human Condition (film trilogy)">The Human Condition</a></i> trilogy (1956–61), <i><a href="/wiki/Harakiri_(1962_film)" title="Harakiri (1962 film)">Harakiri</a></i> (1962) and <i><a href="/wiki/Kwaidan_(film)" title="Kwaidan (film)">Kwaidan</a></i> (1964).</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Hirokazu_Koreeda" class="mw-redirect" title="Hirokazu Koreeda">Hirokazu Koreeda</a></b> (born 1962) — Former documentarian known internationally for the feature films <i><a href="/wiki/Maborosi" title="Maborosi">Maborosi</a></i> (1996), <i><a href="/wiki/After_life" class="mw-redirect" title="After life">after life</a></i> (1999), <i><a href="/wiki/Distance_(2001_film)" title="Distance (2001 film)">Distance</a></i> (2001) and <i><a href="/wiki/Nobody_Knows_(2004_film)" title="Nobody Knows (2004 film)">Nobody Knows</a></i> (2004).</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Akira_Kurosawa" title="Akira Kurosawa">Akira Kurosawa</a></b> (1910–1998) — Renowned director, whose classic films include <i><a href="/wiki/Ikiru" title="Ikiru">Ikiru</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Rashomon_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rashomon (film)">Rashomon</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Seven_Samurai" title="Seven Samurai">Seven Samurai</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Kagemusha" title="Kagemusha">Kagemusha</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Ran_(film)" title="Ran (film)">Ran</a></i>.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kiyoshi_Kurosawa" title="Kiyoshi Kurosawa">Kiyoshi Kurosawa</a></b> (born 1955) — Not related to the other Kurosawa, his films include <i><a href="/wiki/Cure_(film)" title="Cure (film)">Cure</a></i> and the <a href="/wiki/J-Horror" class="mw-redirect" title="J-Horror">J-Horror</a> hit, <i><a href="/wiki/Kairo_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kairo (film)">Kairo</a></i>.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Takashi_Miike" title="Takashi Miike">Takashi Miike</a></b> (born 1960) — Prolific director of often bizarre and violent films. He is best known in the West for <i><a href="/wiki/Audition_(1999_film)" title="Audition (1999 film)">Audition</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Ichi_the_Killer_(film)" title="Ichi the Killer (film)">Ichi the Killer</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Happiness_of_the_Katakuris" title="The Happiness of the Katakuris">The Happiness of the Katakuris</a></i>.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Hayao_Miyazaki" title="Hayao Miyazaki">Hayao Miyazaki</a></b> (born 1941) — Acclaimed anime director and head of <a href="/wiki/Studio_Ghibli" title="Studio Ghibli">Studio Ghibli</a>. His creations include <i><a href="/wiki/Princess_Mononoke" title="Princess Mononoke">Princess Mononoke</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Spirited_Away" title="Spirited Away">Spirited Away</a></i> and most recently, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Boy_and_the_Heron" title="The Boy and the Heron">The Boy and the Heron</a></i>.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kenji_Mizoguchi" title="Kenji Mizoguchi">Kenji Mizoguchi</a></b> (1898–1956) — Important, influential director of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Life_of_Oharu" title="The Life of Oharu">The Life of Oharu</a></i> (1952), <i><a href="/wiki/Ugetsu" title="Ugetsu">Ugetsu Monogatari</a></i> (1953), and <i><a href="/wiki/Sansho_the_Bailiff" title="Sansho the Bailiff">Sansho the Bailiff</a></i> (1954).</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Hideo_Nakata" title="Hideo Nakata">Hideo Nakata</a></b> (born 1961) — Director of modern J-Horror films such as <i><a href="/wiki/Ring_(film)" title="Ring (film)">Ring</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Dark_Water_(2002_film)" title="Dark Water (2002 film)">Dark Water</a></i>.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Mikio_Naruse" title="Mikio Naruse">Mikio Naruse</a></b> (1905–1969) — Influential director of <i>Flowing</i> (1956) and <i><a href="/wiki/When_a_Woman_Ascends_the_Stairs" title="When a Woman Ascends the Stairs">When a Woman Ascends the Stairs</a></i> (1960). His 1935 <i>Wife, Be Like A Rose</i> was among the first Japanese films to gain an American theatrical release.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kihachi_Okamoto" title="Kihachi Okamoto">Kihachi Okamoto</a></b> (1923–2005) — Prolific director. Best known in the West for his nihilistic samurai film "The Sword of Doom" (1966)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nagisa_Oshima" class="mw-redirect" title="Nagisa Oshima">Nagisa Oshima</a></b> (1932—2013) — A key figure in the Japanese new wave, known for <i><a href="/wiki/Cruel_Story_Of_Youth" class="mw-redirect" title="Cruel Story Of Youth">Cruel Story Of Youth</a></i> (1960), <i>Night And Fog In Japan</i> (1960), <i><a href="/wiki/In_the_Realm_of_the_Senses" title="In the Realm of the Senses">In the Realm of the Senses</a></i> (1976) and <i><a href="/wiki/Merry_Christmas,_Mr._Lawrence" title="Merry Christmas, Mr. Lawrence">Merry Christmas, Mr. Lawrence</a></i> (1983).</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Yasujir%C5%8D_Ozu" title="Yasujirō Ozu">Yasujirō Ozu</a></b> (1903–1963) — Influential director of <i><a href="/wiki/Late_Spring" title="Late Spring">Late Spring</a></i> (1949), <i><a href="/wiki/Early_Summer" title="Early Summer">Early Summer</a></i> (1951), <i><a href="/wiki/Tokyo_Story" title="Tokyo Story">Tokyo Story</a></i> (1953), and <i><a href="/wiki/Good_Morning_(1959_film)" title="Good Morning (1959 film)">Good Morning</a></i> (1959)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Katsuhiro_Otomo" title="Katsuhiro Otomo">Katsuhiro Otomo</a></b> (born 1954) — <a href="/wiki/Manga" title="Manga">Manga</a> artist and anime director responsible for <i><a href="/wiki/Akira_(1988_film)" title="Akira (1988 film)">Akira</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Steamboy" title="Steamboy">Steamboy</a></i>.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kaneto_Shindo" title="Kaneto Shindo">Kaneto Shindo</a></b> (born 1912) — Director of <i>Naked Island</i> (1960) and <i><a href="/wiki/Onibaba_(film)" title="Onibaba (film)">Onibaba</a></i> (1964).</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Hiroshi_Teshigahara" title="Hiroshi Teshigahara">Hiroshi Teshigahara</a></b> (1927–2001) — Experimental filmmaker associated with the 60s new wave; best known for <i><a href="/wiki/Pitfall_(1962_film)" title="Pitfall (1962 film)">The Pitfall</a></i> (1962) and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Woman_in_the_Dunes_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Woman in the Dunes (film)">Woman in the Dunes</a></i> (1964).</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Shir%C5%8D_Toyoda" title="Shirō Toyoda">Shirō Toyoda</a></b> (1906–1977) — Satirist and dramatist best known for a 1959 adaptation of <a href="/wiki/Yasunari_Kawabata" title="Yasunari Kawabata">Yasunari Kawabata</a>'s <i>Snow Country</i>.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sadao_Yamanaka" title="Sadao Yamanaka">Sadao Yamanaka</a></b> (1909–1938) — <i><a href="/wiki/Humanity_and_Paper_Balloons" title="Humanity and Paper Balloons">Humanity and Paper Balloons</a></i>, one of very few surviving works directed by Yamanaka, who was acknowledged as an influence by both Yasujirō Ozu and Akira Kurosawa.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="South_Korea">South Korea</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_East_Asia&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: South Korea"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Bong_Joon-ho" title="Bong Joon-ho">Bong Joon-ho</a></b> (born 1969) Director of critically acclaimed <i><a href="/wiki/Memories_of_Murder" title="Memories of Murder">Memories of Murder</a></i> (2003), <i><a href="/wiki/The_Host_(2006_film)" title="The Host (2006 film)">Gwoemul</a></i> (a.k.a. <i>The Host</i>, 2006), and <a href="/wiki/Parasite_(2019_film)" title="Parasite (2019 film)"><i>Parasite</i></a> (2019). <i>Parasite</i> also became the first South Korean film to receive <a href="/wiki/Academy_Awards" title="Academy Awards">Academy Award</a> nominations, with Bong winning <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Picture" title="Academy Award for Best Picture">Best Picture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Director" title="Academy Award for Best Director">Best Director</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Original_Screenplay" title="Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay">Best Original Screenplay</a>, making <i>Parasite</i> the first film not in English to win Best Picture.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Choi_Dong-hoon" title="Choi Dong-hoon">Choi Dong-hoon</a></b> (born 1971) Director and screenwriter of <i><a href="/wiki/Tazza:_The_High_Rollers" title="Tazza: The High Rollers">Tazza: The High Rollers</a></i> (2006), <i><a href="/wiki/The_Thieves" title="The Thieves">The Thieves</a></i> (2012), and <i><a href="/wiki/Assassination_(2015_film)" title="Assassination (2015 film)">Assassination</a></i> (2015), which are all some of the highest-grossing films in Korea.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Im_Kwon-taek" title="Im Kwon-taek">Im Kwon-taek</a></b> (born 1936). One of Korea's most acclaimed directors. Director of <i><a href="/wiki/Sopyonje" class="mw-redirect" title="Sopyonje">Sopyonje</a></i> (1993) and <i><a href="/wiki/Chihwaseon" class="mw-redirect" title="Chihwaseon">Chihwaseon</a></i> (2002).</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kang_Je-gyu" title="Kang Je-gyu">Kang Je-gyu</a></b> (born 1962). Director of the hit Korean film, <i><a href="/wiki/Shiri_(film)" title="Shiri (film)">Shiri</a></i> and the war film <i><a href="/wiki/Taegukgi_(film)" title="Taegukgi (film)">Taegukgi</a></i> (a.k.a. <i>Brotherhood</i>), one of the highest-grossing films in Korea.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kim_Jee-woon" title="Kim Jee-woon">Kim Jee-woon</a></b> (born 1964). Director of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Quiet_Family" title="The Quiet Family">The Quiet Family</a></i> (1998), <i><a href="/wiki/A_Tale_of_Two_Sisters" title="A Tale of Two Sisters">A Tale of Two Sisters</a></i> (2003), and <i><a href="/wiki/A_Bittersweet_Life" title="A Bittersweet Life">A Bittersweet Life</a></i> (2005).</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kim_Ki-duk" title="Kim Ki-duk">Kim Ki-duk</a></b> (born 1960). Best known in the West for the hit films <i><a href="/wiki/The_Isle" title="The Isle">The Isle</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Spring,_Summer,_Autumn,_Winter..._and_Spring" class="mw-redirect" title="Spring, Summer, Autumn, Winter... and Spring">Spring, Summer, Autumn, Winter... and Spring</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/3-Iron" title="3-Iron">3-Iron</a></i>.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kim_Ki-young" title="Kim Ki-young">Kim Ki-young</a></b> (1919–1998). Director of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Housemaid_(1960_film)" title="The Housemaid (1960 film)">The Housemaid</a></i> (1960).</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Na_Woon-gyu" title="Na Woon-gyu">Na Woon-gyu</a></b> (1902–1937). Korea's first star. Writer/director/actor of <i><a href="/wiki/Arirang_(1926_film)" title="Arirang (1926 film)">Arirang</a></i> (1926).</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Park_Chan-wook" title="Park Chan-wook">Park Chan-wook</a></b> (born 1963). Acclaimed director known particularly for his <i>Vengeance trilogy</i> - <i><a href="/wiki/Sympathy_for_Mr._Vengeance" title="Sympathy for Mr. Vengeance">Sympathy for Mr. Vengeance</a></i> (2002), <i><a href="/wiki/Oldboy_(2003_film)" title="Oldboy (2003 film)">Oldboy</a></i> (2003) and <i><a href="/wiki/Sympathy_for_Lady_Vengeance" class="mw-redirect" title="Sympathy for Lady Vengeance">Sympathy for Lady Vengeance</a></i> (2005).</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Park_Kwang-su" title="Park Kwang-su">Park Kwang-su</a></b> (born 1955). Director of <i>Geu Seom e Kagoshipta</i> (<i>To the Starry Island</i>) (1993) and <i>Areumdaun Chongnyun Jeon Tae-il</i> (<i>A Single Spark</i>) (1995).</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Yu_Hyun-mok" title="Yu Hyun-mok">Yu Hyun-mok</a></b> (born 1925) Director of <i><a href="/wiki/Obaltan" title="Obaltan">A Stray Bullet</a></i> (1960).</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Lee_Chang-dong" title="Lee Chang-dong">Lee Chang-dong</a></b> (born 1954) Director of <a href="/wiki/Oasis_(2002_film)" title="Oasis (2002 film)">Oasis</a><i> (2002), </i><a href="/wiki/Secret_Sunshine" title="Secret Sunshine">Secret Sunshine</a><i> (2007) and <a href="/wiki/Poetry_(film)" title="Poetry (film)">Poetry</a></i> (2010).</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Hong_Sang-soo" title="Hong Sang-soo">Hong Sang-soo</a></b> (born 1960) Director of <i><a href="/wiki/Hahaha" title="Hahaha">Hahaha</a></i> (2010), <i><a href="/wiki/Right_Now,_Wrong_Then" title="Right Now, Wrong Then">Right Now, Wrong Then</a></i> (2015) and <i><a href="/wiki/On_the_Beach_at_Night_Alone" title="On the Beach at Night Alone">On the Beach at Night Alone</a></i> (2017).</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Na_Hong-jin" title="Na Hong-jin">Na Hong-jin</a></b> (born 1974) Director of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Chaser_(2008_film)" title="The Chaser (2008 film)">The Chaser</a></i> (2008), <i><a href="/wiki/The_Yellow_Sea_(film)" title="The Yellow Sea (film)">The Yellow Sea</a></i> (2010) and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wailing_(2016_film)" title="The Wailing (2016 film)">The Wailing</a></i> (2016).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Taiwan">Taiwan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_East_Asia&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Taiwan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/King_Hu" title="King Hu">King Hu</a></b> (1931–1997). Director of <i><a href="/wiki/Come_Drink_With_Me" class="mw-redirect" title="Come Drink With Me">Come Drink With Me</a></i> (1966), <i><a href="/wiki/Dragon_Gate_Inn" class="mw-redirect" title="Dragon Gate Inn">Dragon Gate Inn</a></i> (1967) and <i><a href="/wiki/A_Touch_of_Zen" title="A Touch of Zen">A Touch of Zen</a></i> (1971).</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Hou_Hsiao-hsien" title="Hou Hsiao-hsien">Hou Hsiao-hsien</a></b> (born 1947) Director of <i><a href="/wiki/A_City_of_Sadness" title="A City of Sadness">A City of Sadness</a></i> (1989).</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Edward_Yang" title="Edward Yang">Edward Yang</a></b> (1947–2007). Director of <i><a href="/wiki/A_Brighter_Summer_Day" title="A Brighter Summer Day">A Brighter Summer Day</a></i> (1991) and <i><a href="/wiki/Yi_Yi" title="Yi Yi">Yi Yi</a></i> (2000).</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ang_Lee" title="Ang Lee">Ang Lee</a></b> (born 1954). The most successful director of Taiwan in Hollywood. Lee has been nominated for nine <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award">Academy Awards</a>, of which he has won three: <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Foreign_Language_Film" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film">Best Foreign Language Film</a> for <i>Crouching Tiger Hidden Dragon</i> (2000) and <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Director" title="Academy Award for Best Director">Best Director</a> for <i>Brokeback Mountain</i> (2005) and <i>Life of Pi</i> (2012), becoming the first non-white director to win the latter. Other notable works include <i><a href="/wiki/Eat_Drink_Man_Woman" title="Eat Drink Man Woman">Eat Drink Man Woman</a> (1994)</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Sense_and_Sensibility_(film)" title="Sense and Sensibility (film)">Sense and Sensibility</a></i> (1995), <i><a href="/wiki/Hulk_(film)" title="Hulk (film)">Hulk</a></i> (2003), and <i><a href="/wiki/Lust,_Caution" title="Lust, Caution">Lust, Caution</a></i> (2007).</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tsai_Ming-liang" title="Tsai Ming-liang">Tsai Ming-liang</a></b> (born 1957). Director of <i><a href="/wiki/Vive_L%27Amour" class="mw-redirect" title="Vive L'Amour">Vive L'Amour</a></i> (1994) and <i><a href="/wiki/What_Time_Is_It_There%3F" title="What Time Is It There?">What Time Is It There?</a></i> (2001).</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wei_Te-sheng" title="Wei Te-sheng">Wei Te-sheng</a></b> (born 1969). Director of <i><a href="/wiki/Cape_No._7" title="Cape No. 7">Cape No. 7</a></i> (2008) and <i><a href="/wiki/Seediq_Bale" class="mw-redirect" title="Seediq Bale">Seediq Bale</a></i> (2011). <i>Cape No. 7</i> remains the <a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_films_in_Taiwan" title="List of highest-grossing films in Taiwan">highest grossing Taiwanese domestic film</a>.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Justin_Lin" title="Justin Lin">Justin Lin</a></b> (born 1971). Taiwanese-born American film director. He is best known for his directorial work on <i><a href="/wiki/Better_Luck_Tomorrow" title="Better Luck Tomorrow">Better Luck Tomorrow</a></i> (2002), the <i><a href="/wiki/Fast_%26_Furious" title="Fast & Furious">Fast & Furious</a></i> franchise from <i><a href="/wiki/The_Fast_and_the_Furious:_Tokyo_Drift" title="The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift">The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift</a></i> (2006) to <i><a href="/wiki/Fast_%26_Furious_6" title="Fast & Furious 6">Fast & Furious 6</a></i> (2013) and <i><a href="/wiki/F9_(film)" title="F9 (film)">F9</a></i> (2021), and <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek_Beyond" title="Star Trek Beyond">Star Trek Beyond</a></i> (2016).</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Giddens_Ko" title="Giddens Ko">Giddens Ko</a></b> (born 1978). Director of the critically acclaimed romance films <i><a href="/wiki/You_Are_the_Apple_of_My_Eye" title="You Are the Apple of My Eye">You Are the Apple of My Eye</a></i> (2011) and <i><a href="/wiki/Caf%C3%A9._Waiting._Love" title="Café. Waiting. Love">Café. Waiting. Love</a></i> (2014).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prominent_actors_and_actresses">Prominent actors and actresses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_East_Asia&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Prominent actors and actresses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="China_2">China</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_East_Asia&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: China"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Chen" title="Joan Chen">Joan Chen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jet_Li" title="Jet Li">Jet Li</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gong_Li" title="Gong Li">Gong Li</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiang_Wen" title="Jiang Wen">Jiang Wen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Ziyi" title="Zhang Ziyi">Zhang Ziyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhao_Tao" title="Zhao Tao">Zhao Tao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhao_Wei" title="Zhao Wei">Zhao Wei</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hong_Kong_2">Hong Kong</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_East_Asia&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Hong Kong"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yuen_Biao" title="Yuen Biao">Yuen Biao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackie_Chan" title="Jackie Chan">Jackie Chan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Chow" title="Stephen Chow">Stephen Chow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leslie_Cheung" title="Leslie Cheung">Leslie Cheung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maggie_Cheung" title="Maggie Cheung">Maggie Cheung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Fan_(actor)" title="Louis Fan (actor)">Louis Fan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Koo" title="Louis Koo">Louis Koo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosamund_Kwan" title="Rosamund Kwan">Rosamund Kwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andy_Lau" title="Andy Lau">Andy Lau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Leung_Chiu-Wai" class="mw-redirect" title="Tony Leung Chiu-Wai">Tony Leung Chiu-Wai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Leung_Ka-fai" title="Tony Leung Ka-fai">Tony Leung Ka-fai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Lee" title="Bruce Lee">Bruce Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faye_Wong" title="Faye Wong">Faye Wong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Yeoh" title="Michelle Yeoh">Michelle Yeoh</a>  (Malaysian-born of Chinese descent and active in Hong Kong)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chow_Yun-fat" title="Chow Yun-fat">Chow Yun-fat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donnie_Yen" title="Donnie Yen">Donnie Yen</a></li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Japan_2">Japan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_East_Asia&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Japan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tadanobu_Asano" title="Tadanobu Asano">Tadanobu Asano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Setsuko_Hara" title="Setsuko Hara">Setsuko Hara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takuya_Kimura" title="Takuya Kimura">Takuya Kimura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machiko_Ky%C5%8D" title="Machiko Kyō">Machiko Kyō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toshir%C5%8D_Mifune" class="mw-redirect" title="Toshirō Mifune">Toshirō Mifune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatsuya_Nakadai" title="Tatsuya Nakadai">Tatsuya Nakadai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chish%C5%AB_Ry%C5%AB" title="Chishū Ryū">Chishū Ryū</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiroyuki_Sanada" title="Hiroyuki Sanada">Hiroyuki Sanada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Watanabe" title="Ken Watanabe">Ken Watanabe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dji_Yakusho" class="mw-redirect" title="Kōji Yakusho">Kōji Yakusho</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="South_Korea_2">South Korea</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_East_Asia&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: South Korea"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Choi_Min-sik" title="Choi Min-sik">Choi Min-sik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Byung-hun" title="Lee Byung-hun">Lee Byung-hun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Young-ae" title="Lee Young-ae">Lee Young-ae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bae_Doona" title="Bae Doona">Bae Doona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sol_Kyung-gu" class="mw-redirect" title="Sol Kyung-gu">Sol Kyung-gu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeon_Do-yeon" title="Jeon Do-yeon">Jeon Do-yeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Song_Kang-ho" title="Song Kang-ho">Song Kang-ho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Hye-soo" title="Kim Hye-soo">Kim Hye-soo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahn_Sung-ki" title="Ahn Sung-ki">Ahn Sung-ki</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Taiwan_2">Taiwan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_East_Asia&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Taiwan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chang_Chen" title="Chang Chen">Chang Chen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallace_Huo" title="Wallace Huo">Wallace Huo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takeshi_Kaneshiro" title="Takeshi Kaneshiro">Takeshi Kaneshiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigitte_Lin" title="Brigitte Lin">Brigitte Lin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jay_Chou" title="Jay Chou">Jay Chou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lin_Chi-ling" title="Lin Chi-ling">Lin Chi-ling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shu_Qi" title="Shu Qi">Shu Qi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethan_Juan" title="Ethan Juan">Ethan Juan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Chen" title="Michelle Chen">Michelle Chen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwei_Lun-mei" title="Gwei Lun-mei">Gwei Lun-mei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hsu_Wei-ning" title="Hsu Wei-ning">Hsu Wei-ning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivy_Chen" title="Ivy Chen">Ivy Chen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Peng" title="Eddie Peng">Eddie Peng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Chao" title="Mark Chao">Mark Chao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janine_Chang" class="mw-redirect" title="Janine Chang">Janine Chang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannah_Quinlivan" title="Hannah Quinlivan">Hannah Quinlivan</a></li></ul> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_East_Asia&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_cultural_sphere" class="mw-redirect" title="East Asian cultural sphere">East Asian cultural sphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Wave" title="Korean Wave">Korean Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuberu_bagu" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuberu bagu">Nuberu bagu</a> (The Japanese New Wave)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian cinema">Asian cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asian_cinema" title="Southeast Asian cinema">Southeast Asian cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_cinema" title="South Asian cinema">South Asian cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle Eastern cinema">Middle Eastern cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_world" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinema of the world">Cinema of the world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_cinema" title="World cinema">World cinema</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_East_Asia&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_East_Asia&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Contemporary Asian Cinema</i>, Anne Tereska Ciecko, editor. Berg, 2006. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84520-237-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-84520-237-6">1-84520-237-6</a></li> <li><i>East Asian Cinemas</i>, Leon Hunt & Wing-Fai Leung, editors, Tauris, 2008. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84511-614-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84511-614-9">978-1-84511-614-9</a></li> <li>Christopher Rea. <i>Chinese Film Classics, 1922-1949</i>. Columbia University Press, 2021. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780231188135" title="Special:BookSources/9780231188135">9780231188135</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collections">Collections</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_East_Asia&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Collections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mahimahi.uchicago.edu/admin/ceas/">East Asia Film Library Collection: Center for East Asian Studies</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_East_Asia&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://asiasociety.org/arts-culture/film">Asia Society: Film</a> - news, reviews and interviews related to Asian Film</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/coop/cse?cx=005884908179894010258:5y2mthyiyoo">Asian Cinema Search</a> at Google Co-op</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output 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.navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:East_Asian_topics" title="Template:East Asian topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:East_Asian_topics" title="Template talk:East Asian topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:East_Asian_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:East Asian topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="East_Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East Asia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:East_Asian_countries" title="Category:East Asian countries">Countries and regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainland_China" title="Mainland China">Mainland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ryukyu_Islands" title="Ryukyu Islands">Ryukyu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jeju_Province" title="Jeju Province">Jeju</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="10" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/East_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/80px-East_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/East_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/120px-East_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/East_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/160px-East_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_people" title="East Asian people">Ethnic groups</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ainu_people" title="Ainu people">Ainu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese" title="Han Chinese">Han Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese_subgroups" title="Han Chinese subgroups">subgroups</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hui_people" title="Hui people">Hui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_people" title="Japanese people">Japanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yamato_people" title="Yamato people">Yamato</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koreans" title="Koreans">Koreans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_China" title="Koreans in China">in China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_Japan" title="Koreans in Japan">in Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakhalin_Koreans" title="Sakhalin Koreans">in Sakhalin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchu_people" title="Manchu people">Manchu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miao_people" title="Miao people">Miao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolic_peoples" title="Mongolic peoples">Mongolic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">Mongols</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mongols_in_China" title="Mongols in China">in China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalkha_Mongols" title="Khalkha Mongols">Khalkha in Mongolia</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiang_people" title="Qiang people">Qiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryukyuan_people" title="Ryukyuan people">Ryukyuans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_indigenous_peoples" title="Taiwanese indigenous peoples">Indigenous Taiwanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_people" title="Tibetan people">Tibetans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tujia_people" title="Tujia people">Tujia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyghurs" title="Uyghurs">Uyghurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yi_people" title="Yi people">Yi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuang_people" title="Zhuang people">Zhuang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ethnic_groups_in_China" title="List of ethnic groups in China">other ethnic groups in China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unrecognized_ethnic_groups_in_China" title="Unrecognized ethnic groups in China">unrecognized</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Chinese_history" title="Ethnic groups in Chinese history">historical</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_East_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of East Asia">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_age_reckoning" title="East Asian age reckoning">Age reckoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:East_Asian_architecture" title="Category:East Asian architecture">Architecture‎</a></li> <li>Art <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_art" title="Chinese art">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_art" title="Japanese art">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_art" title="Korean art">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_art" title="Taiwanese art">Taiwanese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_blepharoplasty" title="East Asian blepharoplasty">Blepharoplasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_Buddhism" title="East Asian Buddhism">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_calligraphy" class="mw-redirect" title="East Asian calligraphy">Calligraphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="East Asian cinema">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="East Asian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinosphere" title="Sinosphere">Sinosphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dance_in_East_Asia" title="Category:Dance in East Asia">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_knotting" title="Chinese knotting">Chinese knotting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_dragon" title="Chinese dragon">Chinese dragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cultural_festivals_in_East_Asia" title="Category:Cultural festivals in East Asia">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garden_design#East_Asian_gardens" title="Garden design">Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_characters" title="Chinese characters">Chinese characters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_hip-and-gable_roof" title="East Asian hip-and-gable roof">Hip-and-gable roof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_East_Asia" title="Languages of East Asia">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_literature" title="East Asian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_M%C4%81dhyamaka" title="East Asian Mādhyamaka">Mādhyamaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Music_of_East_Asia" title="Category:Music of East Asia">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:East_Asian_mythology" title="Category:East Asian mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_philosophy" title="Eastern philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_religions" title="East Asian religions">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horizontal_and_vertical_writing_in_East_Asian_scripts" title="Horizontal and vertical writing in East Asian scripts">Scripts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seal_(East_Asia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Seal (East Asia)">Seal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Xenic_pronunciations" class="mw-redirect" title="Sino-Xenic pronunciations">Sino-Xenic pronunciations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_East_Asian_surnames" title="Lists of East Asian surnames">Surnames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Television_in_East_Asia" title="Category:Television in East Asia">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_typography" title="East Asian typography">Typography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_Yog%C4%81c%C4%81ra" title="East Asian Yogācāra">Yogācāra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_zodiac" title="Chinese zodiac">Chinese zodiac</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Environment_of_East_Asia" title="Category:Environment of East Asia">Environment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Asia_Climate_Partnership" title="East Asia Climate Partnership">East Asia Climate Partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_Monsoon" class="mw-redirect" title="East Asian Monsoon">Monsoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_rainy_season" title="East Asian rainy season">Rainy season</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Asiatic_Region" title="Eastern Asiatic Region">Flora</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_East_Asia" title="Economy of East Asia">Economy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Category:Politics_of_East_Asia" title="Category:Politics of East Asia">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Japan%E2%80%93South_Korea_trilateral_summit" title="China–Japan–South Korea trilateral summit">China–Japan–South Korea trilateral summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_Economic_Partnership_for_East_Asia" title="Comprehensive Economic Partnership for East Asia">Comprehensive Economic Partnership for East Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_model" title="East Asian model">Capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asia_Summit" title="East Asia Summit">East Asia Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_Bureau_of_Economic_Research" title="East Asian Bureau of Economic Research">East Asian Bureau of Economic Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_Community" title="East Asian Community">East Asian Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Asian_Tigers" title="Four Asian Tigers">Four Asian Tigers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_East_Asia" title="Human rights in East Asia">Human rights in East Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ports_and_harbors_of_the_Pacific_Ocean" title="List of ports and harbors of the Pacific Ocean">Ports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Asian_stock_exchanges#East_Asian" title="List of Asian stock exchanges">Stock exchanges</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_East_Asia" title="History of East Asia">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Archaeology_of_East_Asia" title="Category:Archaeology of East Asia">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Archaeological_cultures_of_East_Asia" title="Category:Archaeological cultures of East Asia">Archaeological cultures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_Bronze_Age" class="mw-redirect" title="East Asian Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Age#East_Asia" title="Iron Age">Iron Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Former_countries_in_East_Asia" title="Category:Former countries in East Asia">Former countries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Sport_in_East_Asia" title="Category:Sport in East Asia">Sports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Japan%E2%80%93Korea_Friendship_Athletic_Meeting" title="China–Japan–Korea Friendship Athletic Meeting">China–Japan–Korea Friendship Athletic Meeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_Football_Federation" title="East Asian Football Federation">East Asian Football Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_Games" title="East Asian Games">East Asian Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_Judo_Championships" title="East Asian Judo Championships">East Asian Judo Championships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:East_Asian_martial_arts" title="Category:East Asian martial arts">East Asian martial arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_Youth_Games" title="East Asian Youth Games">East Asian Youth Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EAFF_E-1_Football_Championship" title="EAFF E-1 Football Championship">EAFF E-1 Football Championship</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Education_in_East_Asia" title="Category:Education in East Asia">Education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_East_Asian_Research_Universities" title="Association of East Asian Research Universities">Association of East Asian Research Universities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CrossAsia" title="CrossAsia">CrossAsia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_Economic_Review" title="East Asian Economic Review">East Asian Economic Review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asia_Image_Collection" class="mw-redirect" title="East Asia Image Collection">East Asia Image Collection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asia_Law_Review" class="mw-redirect" title="East Asia Law Review">East Asia Law Review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_studies" title="East Asian studies">East Asian studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_East_Asian_Studies" title="Journal of East Asian Studies">Journal of East Asian Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asia_Institute_(Ludwigshafen)" title="East Asia Institute (Ludwigshafen)">Ludwigshafen East Asia Institute</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_in_East_Asia" title="Category:Military in East Asia">Military</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Horses_in_East_Asian_warfare" title="Horses in East Asian warfare">Horses in East Asian warfare</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bansensh%C5%ABkai" title="Bansenshūkai">Bansenshūkai</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miyamoto_Musashi" title="Miyamoto Musashi">Miyamoto Musashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Tzu" title="Sun Tzu">Sun Tzu</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Art_of_War" title="The Art of War">The Art of War</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_Five_Rings" title="The Book of Five Rings">The Book of Five Rings</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yi_Sun-sin" title="Yi Sun-sin">Yi Sun-sin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Science_and_technology_in_East_Asia" title="Category:Science and technology in East Asia">Science and technology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Needham_Research_Institute" title="Needham Research Institute">Needham Research Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_printing_in_East_Asia" title="History of printing in East Asia">Printing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:East_Asian_swords" title="Category:East Asian swords">Swords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:East_Asian_traditional_medicine" title="Category:East Asian traditional medicine">Traditional medicine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World_cinema" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World_cinema" title="Template:World cinema"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World_cinema" title="Template talk:World cinema"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World_cinema" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World cinema"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World_cinema" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/World_cinema" title="World cinema">World cinema</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_cinema" title="National cinema">National cinema</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Africa" title="Cinema of Africa">Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Algeria" title="Cinema of Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Egypt" title="Cinema of Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Libya" title="Cinema of Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Morocco" title="Cinema of Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Tunisia" title="Cinema of Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Djibouti" title="Cinema of Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Eritrea" title="Cinema of Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Ethiopia" title="Cinema of Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Kenya" title="Cinema of Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Madagascar" title="Cinema of Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Mauritius" title="Cinema of Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Somalia" title="Cinema of Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_South_Sudan" title="Cinema of South Sudan">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Sudan" title="Cinema of Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Tanzania" title="Cinema of Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Uganda" title="Cinema of Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Zambia" title="Cinema of Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Zimbabwe" title="Cinema of Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Benin" title="Cinema of Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Burkina_Faso" title="Cinema of Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Cape_Verde" title="Cinema of Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Ghana" title="Cinema of Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Liberia" title="Cinema of Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Niger" title="Cinema of Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Nigeria" title="Cinema of Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Senegal" title="Cinema of Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Togo" title="Cinema of Togo">Togo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Angola" title="Cinema of Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Cameroon" title="Cinema of Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Central_African_Republic" title="Cinema of the Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Chad" title="Cinema of Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Cinema of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Congo DR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Gabon" title="Cinema of Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="Cinema of São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Botswana" title="Cinema of Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Namibia" title="Cinema of Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_South_Africa" title="Cinema of South Africa">South Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Asia" title="Cinema of Asia">Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="East Asian cinema">Eastern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_China" title="Cinema of China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Hong_Kong" title="Cinema of Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Japan" title="Cinema of Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Korea" title="Cinema of Korea">Korea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_North_Korea" title="Cinema of North Korea">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_South_Korea" title="Cinema of South Korea">South</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Mongolia" title="Cinema of Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Taiwan" title="Cinema of Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_cinema" title="South Asian cinema">Southern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Bangladesh" title="Cinema of Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Bhutan" title="Cinema of Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_India" title="Cinema of India">India</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assamese_cinema" title="Assamese cinema">Assamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_cinema,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengali cinema, India">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhojpuri_cinema" title="Bhojpuri cinema">Bhojpuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhattisgarhi_cinema" title="Chhattisgarhi cinema">Chhattisgarhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deccani_film_industry" title="Deccani film industry">Deccani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogri_cinema" title="Dogri cinema">Dogri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_cinema" title="Gujarati cinema">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haryanvi_cinema" title="Haryanvi cinema">Haryanvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindi_cinema" title="Hindi cinema">Hindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannada_cinema" title="Kannada cinema">Kannada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmiri_cinema" title="Kashmiri cinema">Kashmiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khasi_cinema" title="Khasi cinema">Khasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konkani_cinema" title="Konkani cinema">Konkani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayalam_cinema" title="Malayalam cinema">Malayalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meitei_cinema" title="Meitei cinema">Meitei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marathi_cinema" title="Marathi cinema">Marathi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Odisha" title="Cinema of Odisha">Oriya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_cinema" title="Punjabi cinema">Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Rajasthan" title="Cinema of Rajasthan">Rajasthani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanskrit_cinema" title="Sanskrit cinema">Sanskrit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_cinema" title="Tamil cinema">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telugu_cinema" title="Telugu cinema">Telugu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulu_cinema" title="Tulu cinema">Tulu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Nepal" title="Cinema of Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Pakistan" title="Cinema of Pakistan">Pakistan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lollywood" title="Lollywood">Lollywood</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Cinema of Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asian_cinema" title="Southeast Asian cinema">Southeastern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Burma" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinema of Burma">Burma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Cambodia" title="Cinema of Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Indonesia" title="Cinema of Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Laos" title="Cinema of Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Malaysia" title="Cinema of Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Philippines" title="Cinema of the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Singapore" title="Cinema of Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Thailand" title="Cinema of Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Vietnam" title="Cinema of Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Central_Asia" title="Cinema of Central Asia">Central</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Afghanistan" title="Cinema of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Kazakhstan" title="Cinema of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Kyrgyzstan" title="Cinema of Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Tajikistan" title="Cinema of Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Turkmenistan" title="Cinema of Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Uzbekistan" title="Cinema of Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_West_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinema of West Asia">Western</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Armenia" title="Cinema of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Azerbaijan" title="Cinema of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Bahrain" title="Cinema of Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Cyprus" title="Cinema of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Georgia" title="Cinema of Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Iran" title="Cinema of Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Iraq" title="Cinema of Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Israel" title="Cinema of Israel">Israel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish cinema">Jewish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Jordan" title="Cinema of Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Kuwait" title="Cinema of Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Lebanon" title="Cinema of Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Oman" title="Cinema of Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Palestine" title="Cinema of Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Qatar" title="Cinema of Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Cinema of Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Syria" title="Cinema of Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Turkey" title="Cinema of Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Cinema of the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Yemen" title="Cinema of Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Russia" title="Cinema of Russia">Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Russian_Empire" title="Cinema of the Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Cinema of the Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Europe" title="Cinema of Europe">Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Belarus" title="Cinema of Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Bulgaria" title="Cinema of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Cinema of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Hungary" title="Cinema of Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Moldova" title="Cinema of Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Poland" title="Cinema of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Romania" title="Cinema of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Russia" title="Cinema of Russia">Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Russian_Empire" title="Cinema of the Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Cinema of the Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Slovakia" title="Cinema of Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Ukraine" title="Cinema of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Denmark" title="Cinema of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Estonia" title="Cinema of Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Faroe_Islands" title="Cinema of the Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Finland" title="Cinema of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Iceland" title="Cinema of Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Ireland" title="Cinema of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Latvia" title="Cinema of Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Lithuania" title="Cinema of Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Norway" title="Cinema of Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Sweden" title="Cinema of Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Cinema of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Cinema of Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Scotland" title="Cinema of Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Wales" title="Cinema of Wales">Wales</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Albania" title="Cinema of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_films" title="List of Bosnia and Herzegovina films">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Croatia" title="Cinema of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Greece" title="Cinema of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Italy" title="Cinema of Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Kosovo" title="Cinema of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Maltese_films" title="List of Maltese films">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Montenegro" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinema of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_North_Macedonia" title="Cinema of North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Portugal" title="Cinema of Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Serbia" title="Cinema of Serbia">Serbia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Yugoslavia" title="Cinema of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Slovenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinema of Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Spain" title="Cinema of Spain">Spain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="Catalan cinema">Catalonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Galicia" title="Cinema of Galicia">Galicia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Austria" title="Cinema of Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Belgium" title="Cinema of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_France" title="Cinema of France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Germany" title="Cinema of Germany">Germany</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkish-German_cinema" title="Turkish-German cinema">German Turks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Luxembourg" title="Cinema of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Netherlands" title="Cinema of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Switzerland" title="Cinema of Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_American_cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="North American cinema">North</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Canada" title="Cinema of Canada">Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Quebec" title="Cinema of Quebec">Quebec</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Costa_Rica" title="Cinema of Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Cuba" title="Cinema of Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Dominican_Republic_films" title="List of Dominican Republic films">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Haiti" title="Cinema of Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Jamaica" title="Cinema of Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Mexico" title="Cinema of Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_States" title="Cinema of the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Cinema of Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_South_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinema of South America">South</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Argentina" title="Cinema of Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Bolivia" title="Cinema of Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Brazil" title="Cinema of Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Chile" title="Cinema of Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Colombia" title="Cinema of Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Ecuador" title="Cinema of Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Paraguay" title="Cinema of Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Peru" title="Cinema of Peru">Peru</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Iquitos" title="Cinema of Iquitos">Iquitos</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Suriname" title="Cinema of Suriname">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Uruguay" title="Cinema of Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Venezuela" title="Cinema of Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Oceanian_films" title="List of Oceanian films">Oceania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Australia" title="Cinema of Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Fiji" title="Cinema of Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_New_Zealand" title="Cinema of New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Samoa" title="Cinema of Samoa">Samoa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Intercontinental<br />& transnational</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_cinema" title="Arab cinema">Arab World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balochi_cinema" title="Balochi cinema">Balochi cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Middle_East" title="Cinema of the Middle East">Middle East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_cinema" title="Kurdish cinema">Kurdish cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin American cinema">Latin America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Cinema of the Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" 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