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overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Risk Analysis</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">20,989 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Risk Analysis</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Analysis">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Analysis/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Analysis/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Analysis/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Risk_Analysis">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_75906924" data-work_id="75906924" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/75906924/Bridging_the_gap_developing_a_tool_to_support_local_civilian_and_military_disaster_preparedness">Bridging the gap: developing a tool to support local civilian and military disaster preparedness</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Public reporting burden for the collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_75906924" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Public reporting burden for the collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. 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(2011). Risk Management in Organizations-An integrated case study approach. New York: Routledge.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/50111243" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0d787887c8891dcf3df0a904937f1518" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":68219175,"asset_id":50111243,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/68219175/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDk4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="135285450" href="https://soton.academia.edu/FedericoDAlessio">Federico Alistair D'Alessio</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="135285450" type="text/json">{"id":135285450,"first_name":"Federico Alistair","last_name":"D'Alessio","domain_name":"soton","page_name":"FedericoDAlessio","display_name":"Federico Alistair D'Alessio","profile_url":"https://soton.academia.edu/FedericoDAlessio?f_ri=50711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/135285450/35785158/52239633/s65_federico_alistair.d_alessio.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_50111243 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="50111243"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 50111243, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_50111243", }); 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(2011). Risk Management in Organizations-An integrated case study approach. New York: Routledge.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":68219175,"asset_id":50111243,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false},{"id":68219174,"asset_id":50111243,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":135285450,"first_name":"Federico Alistair","last_name":"D'Alessio","domain_name":"soton","page_name":"FedericoDAlessio","display_name":"Federico Alistair D'Alessio","profile_url":"https://soton.academia.edu/FedericoDAlessio?f_ri=50711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/135285450/35785158/52239633/s65_federico_alistair.d_alessio.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":45,"name":"Business Administration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_Administration?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":2277,"name":"Project Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Project_Management?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":3996,"name":"Risk Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Governance?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":6416,"name":"Human Resource Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Resource_Management?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":6687,"name":"Project Risk Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Project_Risk_Management?f_ri=50711"},{"id":9060,"name":"Strategic Human Resource Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strategic_Human_Resource_Management?f_ri=50711"},{"id":12061,"name":"Risk Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Management?f_ri=50711"},{"id":13460,"name":"Risk communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_communication?f_ri=50711"},{"id":37741,"name":"Enterprise risk management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enterprise_risk_management?f_ri=50711"},{"id":50711,"name":"Risk Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Analysis?f_ri=50711"},{"id":55840,"name":"Business Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_Management?f_ri=50711"},{"id":69150,"name":"ISO standards","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ISO_standards?f_ri=50711"},{"id":69827,"name":"Risk Aversion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Aversion?f_ri=50711"},{"id":73149,"name":"Business and Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_and_Management?f_ri=50711"},{"id":142952,"name":"Risk Identification","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Identification?f_ri=50711"},{"id":176982,"name":"Risk Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Culture?f_ri=50711"},{"id":620049,"name":"Risk Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Factors-1?f_ri=50711"},{"id":955137,"name":"Risk Evaluation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Evaluation?f_ri=50711"},{"id":1327799,"name":"Downside Risk-Adjusted Performance Measures","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Downside_Risk-Adjusted_Performance_Measures?f_ri=50711"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_73252756" data-work_id="73252756" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/73252756/%C4%B0n%C5%9Faat_Sekt%C3%B6r%C3%BCnde_Fiziksel_Risk_Etmenlerinin_Fine_Kinney_Metodu_Kullan%C4%B1larak_De%C4%9Ferlendirilmesi_ve_Risk_Analizi_Raporunun_Haz%C4%B1rlanmas%C4%B1_ve_Yorumlanmas%C4%B1_Copyright_by_T%C3%BCrkay_Ercan_%C5%9Eeng%C3%B6z_">İnşaat Sektöründe Fiziksel Risk Etmenlerinin Fine-Kinney Metodu Kullanılarak Değerlendirilmesi ve Risk Analizi Raporunun Hazırlanması ve Yorumlanması (© Copyright by Türkay Ercan Şengöz)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">İnşaat, İnşaat Sektörü, Fiziksel Risk Etmenleri, Risk, Tehlike, İş Güvenliği, İş Kazası, Risk Analizi, Fine Kinney metodu, İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği, Occupational Health and Safety, İş Güvenliği Uzmanlığı, İş Güvenliği Uzmanı, Mühendislik,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_73252756" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">İnşaat, İnşaat Sektörü, Fiziksel Risk Etmenleri, Risk, Tehlike, İş Güvenliği, İş Kazası, Risk Analizi, Fine Kinney metodu, İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği, Occupational Health and Safety, İş Güvenliği Uzmanlığı, İş Güvenliği Uzmanı, Mühendislik, Engineering, İş Kazaları, İşçi Sağlığı, İnşaat Sektörü,  İstanbul, Türkay Ercan Şengöz (Türkay Ercan Şengöz tarafından yayımlanan her çeşit harita, bilgi ve belgelerin her hakkı saklıdır. Her ne şekilde ve amaçla olursa olsun bu bilgi ve belgelerin kaynak belirtilmeden kullanılması, yazılı izin alınmadan elektronik, optik, mekanik veya diğer yollarla dağıtılması, çoğaltılması, basılması, değiştirilmesi, paylaşılması, kopyalanması ve internet sitelerinde kullanılması durumunda gerekli hukuki yollara başvurulacak ve yasal işlem başlatılacaktır. Önemle duyurulur. Bu platformda veya diğer platformlarda paylaşmış olduğum tez veya akademik kapsamdaki çalışmalarımın içerisindeki bütün bilgilerin etik davranış ve akademik kurallar çerçevesinde elde edilerek sunulduğunu, akademik çalışmalarımın tez yazım kurallarına uygun olarak hazırlandığını hatırlatıyor, bana ait olan her türlü ifade ve bilginin kaynağına eksiksiz atıf yapılması gerektiğini bildiriyor, sevgi ve saygılarımı sunuyorum.)</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/73252756" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e582e8f508f1347790439179368daf7c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":81845291,"asset_id":73252756,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/81845291/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDk4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="14005442" href="https://marmara.academia.edu/T%C3%BCrkayErcan%C5%9Eeng%C3%B6z">Türkay Ercan Şengöz</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="14005442" type="text/json">{"id":14005442,"first_name":"Türkay Ercan","last_name":"Şengöz","domain_name":"marmara","page_name":"TürkayErcanŞengöz","display_name":"Türkay Ercan Şengöz","profile_url":"https://marmara.academia.edu/T%C3%BCrkayErcan%C5%9Eeng%C3%B6z?f_ri=50711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/14005442/3919441/4582875/s65_t_rkay_ercan._eng_z.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_73252756 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="73252756"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 73252756, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_73252756", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=73252756]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_73252756").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_73252756").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="73252756"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">19</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering">Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="48" type="text/json">{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="73" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering">Civil Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="73" type="text/json">{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="406" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geology">Geology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="406" type="text/json">{"id":406,"name":"Geology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geology?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3211" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Occupational_Health">Occupational Health</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3211" type="text/json">{"id":3211,"name":"Occupational Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Occupational_Health?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=73252756]'), work: {"id":73252756,"title":"İnşaat Sektöründe Fiziksel Risk Etmenlerinin Fine-Kinney Metodu Kullanılarak Değerlendirilmesi ve Risk Analizi Raporunun Hazırlanması ve Yorumlanması (© Copyright by Türkay Ercan Şengöz)","created_at":"2022-03-07T08:03:56.508-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/73252756/%C4%B0n%C5%9Faat_Sekt%C3%B6r%C3%BCnde_Fiziksel_Risk_Etmenlerinin_Fine_Kinney_Metodu_Kullan%C4%B1larak_De%C4%9Ferlendirilmesi_ve_Risk_Analizi_Raporunun_Haz%C4%B1rlanmas%C4%B1_ve_Yorumlanmas%C4%B1_Copyright_by_T%C3%BCrkay_Ercan_%C5%9Eeng%C3%B6z_?f_ri=50711","dom_id":"work_73252756","summary":"İnşaat, İnşaat Sektörü, Fiziksel Risk Etmenleri, Risk, Tehlike, İş Güvenliği, İş Kazası, Risk Analizi, Fine Kinney metodu, İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği, Occupational Health and Safety, İş Güvenliği Uzmanlığı, İş Güvenliği Uzmanı, Mühendislik, Engineering, İş Kazaları, İşçi Sağlığı, İnşaat Sektörü, İstanbul, Türkay Ercan Şengöz (Türkay Ercan Şengöz tarafından yayımlanan her çeşit harita, bilgi ve belgelerin her hakkı saklıdır. Her ne şekilde ve amaçla olursa olsun bu bilgi ve belgelerin kaynak belirtilmeden kullanılması, yazılı izin alınmadan elektronik, optik, mekanik veya diğer yollarla dağıtılması, çoğaltılması, basılması, değiştirilmesi, paylaşılması, kopyalanması ve internet sitelerinde kullanılması durumunda gerekli hukuki yollara başvurulacak ve yasal işlem başlatılacaktır. Önemle duyurulur. Bu platformda veya diğer platformlarda paylaşmış olduğum tez veya akademik kapsamdaki çalışmalarımın içerisindeki bütün bilgilerin etik davranış ve akademik kurallar çerçevesinde elde edilerek sunulduğunu, akademik çalışmalarımın tez yazım kurallarına uygun olarak hazırlandığını hatırlatıyor, bana ait olan her türlü ifade ve bilginin kaynağına eksiksiz atıf yapılması gerektiğini bildiriyor, sevgi ve saygılarımı sunuyorum.)","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":81845291,"asset_id":73252756,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":14005442,"first_name":"Türkay Ercan","last_name":"Şengöz","domain_name":"marmara","page_name":"TürkayErcanŞengöz","display_name":"Türkay Ercan Şengöz","profile_url":"https://marmara.academia.edu/T%C3%BCrkayErcan%C5%9Eeng%C3%B6z?f_ri=50711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/14005442/3919441/4582875/s65_t_rkay_ercan._eng_z.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":406,"name":"Geology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geology?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":3211,"name":"Occupational Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Occupational_Health?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":4593,"name":"Occupational Health \u0026 Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Occupational_Health_and_Safety?f_ri=50711"},{"id":10966,"name":"Turkey","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Turkey?f_ri=50711"},{"id":50711,"name":"Risk Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Analysis?f_ri=50711"},{"id":67366,"name":"Occupational health and safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Occupational_health_and_safety-2?f_ri=50711"},{"id":139370,"name":"Occupational Safety and Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Occupational_Safety_and_Health?f_ri=50711"},{"id":157806,"name":"Geological Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geological_Engineering?f_ri=50711"},{"id":275492,"name":"Isci ve Cevre Sagligi ve Güvenligi","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Isci_ve_Cevre_Sagligi_ve_Guvenligi?f_ri=50711"},{"id":279146,"name":"Helath Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Helath_Sciences?f_ri=50711"},{"id":340376,"name":"İNŞAAT","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/%C4%B0N%C5%9EAAT?f_ri=50711"},{"id":601819,"name":"Risk Analysis and Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Analysis_and_Management?f_ri=50711"},{"id":618568,"name":"Mühendislik","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/M%C3%BChendislik?f_ri=50711"},{"id":1111361,"name":"6331 Sayılı İş Sağlığı Ve Güvenliği Kanunu","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/6331_Sayili_Is_Sagligi_Ve_Guvenligi_Kanunu?f_ri=50711"},{"id":1265446,"name":"İş Sağlığı Ve Güvenliğ","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Is_Sagligi_Ve_Guvenlig?f_ri=50711"},{"id":1326959,"name":"İNşaat Mühendisliği","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/INsaat_Muhendisligi?f_ri=50711"},{"id":1752337,"name":"Jeoloji Mühendisliği","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jeoloji_M%C3%BChendisli%C4%9Fi?f_ri=50711"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_76227967" data-work_id="76227967" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/76227967/A_new_statistical_approach_for_the_analysis_of_uncertain_systems">A new statistical approach for the analysis of uncertain systems</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper addresses the issues of conservativeness and computational complexity of probabilistic robustness analysis. The authors solve both issues by defining a new sampling strategy and robustness measure. The new measure is shown to... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_76227967" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper addresses the issues of conservativeness and computational complexity of probabilistic robustness analysis. The authors solve both issues by defining a new sampling strategy and robustness measure. The new measure is shown to be much less conservative than the existing one. The new sampling strategy enables the definition of efficient hierarchical sample reuse algorithms that reduce significantly the computational complexity and make it independent of the dimension of the uncertainty space. Moreover, the authors show that there exists a one to one correspondence between the new and the existing robustness measures and provide a computationally simple algorithm to derive one from the other.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/76227967" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="bb32dda7c62b25b5503d004e333b3300" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":83971748,"asset_id":76227967,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83971748/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDk4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="127940356" href="https://independent.academia.edu/Xinjiachen">Xinjia chen</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="127940356" type="text/json">{"id":127940356,"first_name":"Xinjia","last_name":"chen","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"Xinjiachen","display_name":"Xinjia chen","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/Xinjiachen?f_ri=50711","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_76227967 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="76227967"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 76227967, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_76227967", }); 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The authors solve both issues by defining a new sampling strategy and robustness measure. The new measure is shown to be much less conservative than the existing one. The new sampling strategy enables the definition of efficient hierarchical sample reuse algorithms that reduce significantly the computational complexity and make it independent of the dimension of the uncertainty space. Moreover, the authors show that there exists a one to one correspondence between the new and the existing robustness measures and provide a computationally simple algorithm to derive one from the other.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":83971748,"asset_id":76227967,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":127940356,"first_name":"Xinjia","last_name":"chen","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"Xinjiachen","display_name":"Xinjia chen","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/Xinjiachen?f_ri=50711","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":305,"name":"Applied Mathematics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Mathematics?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":422,"name":"Computer Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":429,"name":"Randomized Algorithms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Randomized_Algorithms?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":892,"name":"Statistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Statistics?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":2189,"name":"Computational Complexity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computational_Complexity?f_ri=50711"},{"id":11700,"name":"Robustness Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Robustness_Analysis?f_ri=50711"},{"id":50711,"name":"Risk Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Analysis?f_ri=50711"},{"id":407880,"name":"Sampling strategy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sampling_strategy?f_ri=50711"},{"id":559966,"name":"Randomized Algorithm","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Randomized_Algorithm?f_ri=50711"},{"id":1451280,"name":"Statistical Approach","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Statistical_Approach?f_ri=50711"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_51532255" data-work_id="51532255" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/51532255/Dose_Response_Nonlinearities_for_Benzene_Revisited_A_Reply_to_Crump_et_al_1">Dose-Response Nonlinearities for Benzene Revisited: A Reply to Crump et al.1</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/51532255" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d48b47eefbf2462866b4afdc39691c75" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":69218012,"asset_id":51532255,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/69218012/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDk4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="30908712" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PaoloRicci7">Paolo Ricci</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="30908712" type="text/json">{"id":30908712,"first_name":"Paolo","last_name":"Ricci","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PaoloRicci7","display_name":"Paolo Ricci","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PaoloRicci7?f_ri=50711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/30908712/39415165/32626479/s65_paolo.ricci.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_51532255 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="51532255"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 51532255, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_51532255", }); 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The assay is rapid ( B 40 min), easy to carry out, robust, reliable and is capable of detecting from 10... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_8787804" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A novel real-time quantitative PCR (QPCR) assay is described for monitoring CMV DNA load in clinical specimens using the LightCycler™. The assay is rapid ( B 40 min), easy to carry out, robust, reliable and is capable of detecting from 10 to over 2 ×10 5 CMV DNA copies with a wide linear range. Amplification and detection occur simultaneously, avoiding the need for post-PCR analysis and thereby minimising the risk of carryover contamination. The assay proved to be accurate, specific and reproducible when evaluated in three different laboratories. In addition, LightCycler™ results were comparable with those of TaqMan™, an independent real-time QPCR assay.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/8787804" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0a3aad76391194ab1943e7804c150f34" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48004203,"asset_id":8787804,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48004203/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDk4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="18975839" href="https://unam.academia.edu/GuiverC">Guiver C</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="18975839" type="text/json">{"id":18975839,"first_name":"Guiver","last_name":"C","domain_name":"unam","page_name":"GuiverC","display_name":"Guiver C","profile_url":"https://unam.academia.edu/GuiverC?f_ri=50711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/18975839/5270574/6025917/s65_guiver.c.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_8787804 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="8787804"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8787804, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_8787804", }); 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In addition, LightCycler™ results were comparable with those of TaqMan™, an independent real-time QPCR assay.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48004203,"asset_id":8787804,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":18975839,"first_name":"Guiver","last_name":"C","domain_name":"unam","page_name":"GuiverC","display_name":"Guiver C","profile_url":"https://unam.academia.edu/GuiverC?f_ri=50711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/18975839/5270574/6025917/s65_guiver.c.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":8207,"name":"Risk","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":37894,"name":"Quantitative 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class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_22193583" data-work_id="22193583" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/22193583/Body_mass_index_as_a_predictor_of_fracture_risk_A_meta_analysis">Body mass index as a predictor of fracture risk: A meta-analysis</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Low body mass index (BMI) is a well-documented risk factor for future fracture. The aim of this study was to quantify this effect and to explore the association of BMI with fracture risk in relation to age, gender and bone mineral density... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_22193583" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Low body mass index (BMI) is a well-documented risk factor for future fracture. The aim of this study was to quantify this effect and to explore the association of BMI with fracture risk in relation to age, gender and bone mineral density (BMD) from an international perspective using worldwide data. We studied individual participant data from almost 60,000 men and women from 12 prospective population-based cohorts comprising Rotterdam, EVOS/EPOS, CaMos, Rochester, Sheffield, Dubbo, EPIDOS, OFELY, Kuopio, Hiroshima, and two cohorts from Gothenburg, with a total follow-up of over 250,000 person years. The effects of BMI, BMD, age and gender on the risk of any fracture, any osteoporotic fracture, and hip fracture alone was examined using a Poisson regression model in each cohort separately. The results of the different studies were then merged. Without information on BMD, the age-adjusted risk for any type of fracture increased significantly with lower BMI. Overall, the risk ratio (RR) per unit higher BMI was 0.98 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.97-0.99) for any fracture, 0.97 (95% CI, 0.96-0.98) for osteoporotic fracture and 0.93 (95% CI, 0.91-0.94) for hip fracture (all p <0.001). The RR per unit change in BMI was very similar in men and women (p >0.30). After adjusting for BMD, these RR became 1 for any fracture or osteoporotic fracture and 0.98 for hip fracture (significant in women). not linearly distributed across values for BMI. Instead, the contribution to fracture risk was much more marked at low values of BMI than at values above the median. This nonlinear relation of risk with BMI was most evident for hip fracture risk. When compared with a BMI of 25 kg/m 2 , a BMI of 20 kg/m 2 was associated with a nearly twofold increase in risk ratio (RR=1.95; 95% CI, 1.71-2.22) for hip fracture. In contrast, a BMI of 30 kg/ m 2 , when compared with a BMI of 25 kg/m 2 , was associated with only a 17% reduction in hip fracture risk (RR=0.83; 95% CI, 0.69-0.99). We conclude that low BMI confers a risk of substantial importance for all fractures that is largely independent of age and sex, but dependent on BMD. The significance of BMI as a risk factor varies according to the level of BMI. Its validation on an international basis permits the use of this risk factor in case-finding strategies.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/22193583" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="eb7d51ec9f9857cc40234fe9d7d3d163" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42849455,"asset_id":22193583,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42849455/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDk4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="43440411" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JEisman">John Eisman</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="43440411" type="text/json">{"id":43440411,"first_name":"John","last_name":"Eisman","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JEisman","display_name":"John Eisman","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JEisman?f_ri=50711","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_22193583 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="22193583"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 22193583, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_22193583", }); 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The aim of this study was to quantify this effect and to explore the association of BMI with fracture risk in relation to age, gender and bone mineral density (BMD) from an international perspective using worldwide data. We studied individual participant data from almost 60,000 men and women from 12 prospective population-based cohorts comprising Rotterdam, EVOS/EPOS, CaMos, Rochester, Sheffield, Dubbo, EPIDOS, OFELY, Kuopio, Hiroshima, and two cohorts from Gothenburg, with a total follow-up of over 250,000 person years. The effects of BMI, BMD, age and gender on the risk of any fracture, any osteoporotic fracture, and hip fracture alone was examined using a Poisson regression model in each cohort separately. The results of the different studies were then merged. Without information on BMD, the age-adjusted risk for any type of fracture increased significantly with lower BMI. Overall, the risk ratio (RR) per unit higher BMI was 0.98 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.97-0.99) for any fracture, 0.97 (95% CI, 0.96-0.98) for osteoporotic fracture and 0.93 (95% CI, 0.91-0.94) for hip fracture (all p \u003c0.001). The RR per unit change in BMI was very similar in men and women (p \u003e0.30). After adjusting for BMD, these RR became 1 for any fracture or osteoporotic fracture and 0.98 for hip fracture (significant in women). not linearly distributed across values for BMI. Instead, the contribution to fracture risk was much more marked at low values of BMI than at values above the median. This nonlinear relation of risk with BMI was most evident for hip fracture risk. When compared with a BMI of 25 kg/m 2 , a BMI of 20 kg/m 2 was associated with a nearly twofold increase in risk ratio (RR=1.95; 95% CI, 1.71-2.22) for hip fracture. In contrast, a BMI of 30 kg/ m 2 , when compared with a BMI of 25 kg/m 2 , was associated with only a 17% reduction in hip fracture risk (RR=0.83; 95% CI, 0.69-0.99). We conclude that low BMI confers a risk of substantial importance for all fractures that is largely independent of age and sex, but dependent on BMD. The significance of BMI as a risk factor varies according to the level of BMI. Its validation on an international basis permits the use of this risk factor in case-finding strategies.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42849455,"asset_id":22193583,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":43440411,"first_name":"John","last_name":"Eisman","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JEisman","display_name":"John Eisman","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JEisman?f_ri=50711","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":645,"name":"Rheumatology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rheumatology?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":6637,"name":"Fracture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fracture?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":8207,"name":"Risk","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":50711,"name":"Risk Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Analysis?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":62112,"name":"Prospective 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics">Economics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="724" type="text/json">{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="867" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Perception">Perception</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="867" type="text/json">{"id":867,"name":"Perception","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Perception?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2215" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water">Water</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2215" type="text/json">{"id":2215,"name":"Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8207" rel="nofollow" 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McDaniels","profile_url":"https://ubc.academia.edu/TimothyMcDaniels?f_ri=50711","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":867,"name":"Perception","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Perception?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":2215,"name":"Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":8207,"name":"Risk","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":16664,"name":"Risk assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_assessment?f_ri=50711"},{"id":25445,"name":"Environmental Pollution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Pollution?f_ri=50711"},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=50711"},{"id":50711,"name":"Risk Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Analysis?f_ri=50711"},{"id":80414,"name":"Mathematical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematical_Sciences?f_ri=50711"},{"id":198379,"name":"British Columbia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British_Columbia?f_ri=50711"},{"id":327850,"name":"Questionnaires","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Questionnaires?f_ri=50711"},{"id":373754,"name":"Ecosystem","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecosystem?f_ri=50711"},{"id":622589,"name":"Risk Assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Assessment-2?f_ri=50711"},{"id":1208706,"name":"Environment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environment?f_ri=50711"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_69082920" data-work_id="69082920" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/69082920/Deception_on_the_Network_Thinking_Differently_About_Covert_Channels">Deception on the Network: Thinking Differently About Covert Channels</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The concept of covert channels has been visited frequently by academia in a quest to analyse their occurrence and prevention in trusted systems. This has lead to a wide variety of approaches being developed to prevent and identify such... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_69082920" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The concept of covert channels has been visited frequently by academia in a quest to analyse their occurrence and prevention in trusted systems. This has lead to a wide variety of approaches being developed to prevent and identify such channels and implement applicable countermeasures. However, little of this research has actually trickled down into the field of operational security management and risk analysis. Quite recently a number of covert channels and enabling tools have appeared that did have a significant impact on the operational security of organizations. This paper identifies a number of those channels and shows the relative ease with which new ones can be devised. It identifies how risk management processes do not take this upcoming threat into account and suggests where improvements would be helpful.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/69082920" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0cf1e5b3583290b31905fd3cb485b792" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":79317193,"asset_id":69082920,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/79317193/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDk4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8289142" href="https://fu-berlin.academia.edu/MaartenVanHorenbeeck">Maarten Van Horenbeeck</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8289142" type="text/json">{"id":8289142,"first_name":"Maarten","last_name":"Van Horenbeeck","domain_name":"fu-berlin","page_name":"MaartenVanHorenbeeck","display_name":"Maarten Van Horenbeeck","profile_url":"https://fu-berlin.academia.edu/MaartenVanHorenbeeck?f_ri=50711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8289142/2832033/20127660/s65_maarten.van_horenbeeck.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_69082920 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="69082920"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 69082920, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_69082920", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=69082920]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_69082920").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_69082920").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="69082920"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1283" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Security">Information Security</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1283" type="text/json">{"id":1283,"name":"Information Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Security?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12061" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Management">Risk Management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12061" type="text/json">{"id":12061,"name":"Risk Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Management?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13498" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Covert_Channels">Covert Channels</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="13498" type="text/json">{"id":13498,"name":"Covert Channels","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Covert_Channels?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="20149" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Assurance">Information Assurance</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="20149" type="text/json">{"id":20149,"name":"Information Assurance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Assurance?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=69082920]'), work: {"id":69082920,"title":"Deception on the Network: Thinking Differently About Covert Channels","created_at":"2022-01-21T20:37:24.895-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/69082920/Deception_on_the_Network_Thinking_Differently_About_Covert_Channels?f_ri=50711","dom_id":"work_69082920","summary":"The concept of covert channels has been visited frequently by academia in a quest to analyse their occurrence and prevention in trusted systems. This has lead to a wide variety of approaches being developed to prevent and identify such channels and implement applicable countermeasures. However, little of this research has actually trickled down into the field of operational security management and risk analysis. Quite recently a number of covert channels and enabling tools have appeared that did have a significant impact on the operational security of organizations. This paper identifies a number of those channels and shows the relative ease with which new ones can be devised. It identifies how risk management processes do not take this upcoming threat into account and suggests where improvements would be helpful.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":79317193,"asset_id":69082920,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":8289142,"first_name":"Maarten","last_name":"Van Horenbeeck","domain_name":"fu-berlin","page_name":"MaartenVanHorenbeeck","display_name":"Maarten Van Horenbeeck","profile_url":"https://fu-berlin.academia.edu/MaartenVanHorenbeeck?f_ri=50711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8289142/2832033/20127660/s65_maarten.van_horenbeeck.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1283,"name":"Information Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Security?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":12061,"name":"Risk Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Management?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":13498,"name":"Covert Channels","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Covert_Channels?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":20149,"name":"Information Assurance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Assurance?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":23506,"name":"Information Security and Privacy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Security_and_Privacy?f_ri=50711"},{"id":32844,"name":"Security Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Security_Management?f_ri=50711"},{"id":50711,"name":"Risk Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Analysis?f_ri=50711"},{"id":52859,"name":"Deception","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Deception?f_ri=50711"},{"id":115676,"name":"Cyber Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cyber_Security?f_ri=50711"},{"id":392552,"name":"Threat Modelling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Threat_Modelling?f_ri=50711"},{"id":1653873,"name":"Covert Channel","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Covert_Channel?f_ri=50711"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_69021900" data-work_id="69021900" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/69021900/Generic_rules_to_evaluate_system_failure_frequency">Generic rules to evaluate system-failure frequency</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">... Suprasad V. Amari, Member, IEEE ... Notation label of component , [failure, repair] rate of component system-failure frequency mean number of system-failures per time-unit , Boolean variable indicating that component is [working,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_69021900" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">... Suprasad V. Amari, Member, IEEE ... Notation label of component , [failure, repair] rate of component system-failure frequency mean number of system-failures per time-unit , Boolean variable indicating that component is [working, failed]; is the complement of , steady state ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/69021900" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1324440" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SuprasadAmari">Suprasad Amari</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1324440" type="text/json">{"id":1324440,"first_name":"Suprasad","last_name":"Amari","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SuprasadAmari","display_name":"Suprasad Amari","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SuprasadAmari?f_ri=50711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1324440/89783744/78503827/s65_suprasad.amari.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_69021900 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="69021900"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 69021900, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_69021900", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=69021900]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_69021900").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_69021900").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="69021900"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering">Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="48" type="text/json">{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="422" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science">Computer Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="422" type="text/json">{"id":422,"name":"Computer Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5036" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering_Management">Engineering Management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5036" type="text/json">{"id":5036,"name":"Engineering Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering_Management?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7055" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Technology_Management">Technology Management</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7055" type="text/json">{"id":7055,"name":"Technology Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Technology_Management?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=69021900]'), work: {"id":69021900,"title":"Generic rules to evaluate system-failure frequency","created_at":"2022-01-21T08:52:24.463-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/69021900/Generic_rules_to_evaluate_system_failure_frequency?f_ri=50711","dom_id":"work_69021900","summary":"... Suprasad V. Amari, Member, IEEE ... Notation label of component , [failure, repair] rate of component system-failure frequency mean number of system-failures per time-unit , Boolean variable indicating that component is [working, failed]; is the complement of , steady state ...","downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1324440,"first_name":"Suprasad","last_name":"Amari","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SuprasadAmari","display_name":"Suprasad Amari","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SuprasadAmari?f_ri=50711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1324440/89783744/78503827/s65_suprasad.amari.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":422,"name":"Computer Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":5036,"name":"Engineering Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering_Management?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":7055,"name":"Technology Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Technology_Management?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":14305,"name":"Industrial Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Industrial_Engineering?f_ri=50711"},{"id":28641,"name":"Reliability Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reliability_Theory?f_ri=50711"},{"id":35232,"name":"Reliability Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reliability_Engineering?f_ri=50711"},{"id":45676,"name":"Failure Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Failure_Analysis?f_ri=50711"},{"id":50711,"name":"Risk Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Analysis?f_ri=50711"},{"id":64561,"name":"Computer Software","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Software?f_ri=50711"},{"id":165126,"name":"Maintenance Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maintenance_Engineering?f_ri=50711"},{"id":234860,"name":"Steady state","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Steady_state?f_ri=50711"},{"id":507981,"name":"Availability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Availability?f_ri=50711"},{"id":1237788,"name":"Electrical And Electronic Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrical_And_Electronic_Engineering?f_ri=50711"},{"id":2560659,"name":"Failure rate","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Failure_rate?f_ri=50711"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_64668032" data-work_id="64668032" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/64668032/Software_Diversity_as_a_Measure_for_Reducing_Development_Risk">Software Diversity as a Measure for Reducing Development Risk</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Despite the widespread adoption of software diversity in some industries, there is still controversy about its benefits for reliability, safety or security. We take the prospective of diversity as a risk reduction strategy, in face of the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_64668032" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Despite the widespread adoption of software diversity in some industries, there is still controversy about its benefits for reliability, safety or security. We take the prospective of diversity as a risk reduction strategy, in face of the uncertainty about the dependability levels delivered by software development. We specifically consider the problem faced at the start of a project, when the assessment of potential benefits, however uncertain, must determine the decision whether to adopt diversity. Using probabilistic modelling, we discuss how different application areas require different measures of the effectiveness of diversity for reducing risk. Extreme values of achieved reliability, and especially, in some applications, the likelihood of delivering "effectively fault-free" programs, may be the dominant factor in this effect. Therefore, we cast our analysis in terms of the whole distribution of achieved probabilities of failure per demand, rather than averages, as usually done in past research. This analysis highlights possible and indeed frequent errors in generalizations from experiments, and identifies risk reduction effects that can be proved to derive from independent developments of diverse software versions. Last, we demonstrate that, despite the difficulty of predicting the actual advantages of specific practices for achieving diversity, the practice of "forcing" diversity by explicitly mandating diverse designs, development processes, etc., for different versions, rather than just ensuring separate development, is robust, in terms of worst-case effects, in the face of uncertainty about the reliability that the different methods will achieve in a specific project, a result with direct applicability to practice.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/64668032" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="326d0b459f7938a40c90e54ade917ab7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":76597577,"asset_id":64668032,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/76597577/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDk4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="175721384" href="https://city.academia.edu/APovyakalo">Andrey Povyakalo</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="175721384" type="text/json">{"id":175721384,"first_name":"Andrey","last_name":"Povyakalo","domain_name":"city","page_name":"APovyakalo","display_name":"Andrey Povyakalo","profile_url":"https://city.academia.edu/APovyakalo?f_ri=50711","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_64668032 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="64668032"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 64668032, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_64668032", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_64668032 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 64668032; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_64668032"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_64668032 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="64668032"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 64668032; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=64668032]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_64668032").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_64668032").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="64668032"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering">Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="48" type="text/json">{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="422" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science">Computer Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="422" type="text/json">{"id":422,"name":"Computer Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1448" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Software_Security">Software Security</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1448" type="text/json">{"id":1448,"name":"Software Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Software_Security?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8129" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Software_Development">Software Development</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="8129" type="text/json">{"id":8129,"name":"Software Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Software_Development?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=64668032]'), work: {"id":64668032,"title":"Software Diversity as a Measure for Reducing Development Risk","created_at":"2021-12-16T18:15:55.586-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/64668032/Software_Diversity_as_a_Measure_for_Reducing_Development_Risk?f_ri=50711","dom_id":"work_64668032","summary":"Despite the widespread adoption of software diversity in some industries, there is still controversy about its benefits for reliability, safety or security. We take the prospective of diversity as a risk reduction strategy, in face of the uncertainty about the dependability levels delivered by software development. We specifically consider the problem faced at the start of a project, when the assessment of potential benefits, however uncertain, must determine the decision whether to adopt diversity. Using probabilistic modelling, we discuss how different application areas require different measures of the effectiveness of diversity for reducing risk. Extreme values of achieved reliability, and especially, in some applications, the likelihood of delivering \"effectively fault-free\" programs, may be the dominant factor in this effect. Therefore, we cast our analysis in terms of the whole distribution of achieved probabilities of failure per demand, rather than averages, as usually done in past research. This analysis highlights possible and indeed frequent errors in generalizations from experiments, and identifies risk reduction effects that can be proved to derive from independent developments of diverse software versions. Last, we demonstrate that, despite the difficulty of predicting the actual advantages of specific practices for achieving diversity, the practice of \"forcing\" diversity by explicitly mandating diverse designs, development processes, etc., for different versions, rather than just ensuring separate development, is robust, in terms of worst-case effects, in the face of uncertainty about the reliability that the different methods will achieve in a specific project, a result with direct applicability to practice.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":76597577,"asset_id":64668032,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":175721384,"first_name":"Andrey","last_name":"Povyakalo","domain_name":"city","page_name":"APovyakalo","display_name":"Andrey Povyakalo","profile_url":"https://city.academia.edu/APovyakalo?f_ri=50711","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":422,"name":"Computer Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":1448,"name":"Software Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Software_Security?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":8129,"name":"Software Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Software_Development?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":12061,"name":"Risk Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Management?f_ri=50711"},{"id":28532,"name":"Software Reliability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Software_Reliability?f_ri=50711"},{"id":33069,"name":"Probability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Probability?f_ri=50711"},{"id":49161,"name":"Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Safety?f_ri=50711"},{"id":50711,"name":"Risk Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Analysis?f_ri=50711"},{"id":202662,"name":"Software Fault Tolerance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Software_Fault_Tolerance?f_ri=50711"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_53325852" data-work_id="53325852" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/53325852/Quantifying_risk_in_the_electricity_business_A_RAROC_based_approach">Quantifying risk in the electricity business: A RAROC-based approach</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The liberalization of electricity markets has forced energy producing companies and traders to calculate costs closer to the profit frontier. Thus, an efficient risk management and risk controlling are needed to ensure the financial... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_53325852" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The liberalization of electricity markets has forced energy producing companies and traders to calculate costs closer to the profit frontier. Thus, an efficient risk management and risk controlling are needed to ensure the financial survival even during bad times. Using the RAROC methodology we provide a new framework to quantify risks related to wholesale electricity contracts, also called full load contracts. We do not only consider risk of market price fluctuations but also correlation effects between the spot market price and the load curve of a customer. We further conduct an empirical study on whole sale contracts for industry customers and public utility companies of a German energy provider. Our findings support the adequateness of the approach and point out the importance of considering also price-volume correlation effects for electricity whole sale contracts.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/53325852" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c3e39402c6929b63218b802e926c569f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":70221264,"asset_id":53325852,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/70221264/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDk4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="105368293" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ZariRachev">Zari Rachev</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="105368293" type="text/json">{"id":105368293,"first_name":"Zari","last_name":"Rachev","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ZariRachev","display_name":"Zari Rachev","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ZariRachev?f_ri=50711","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_53325852 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="53325852"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 53325852, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_53325852", }); 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Thus, an efficient risk management and risk controlling are needed to ensure the financial survival even during bad times. Using the RAROC methodology we provide a new framework to quantify risks related to wholesale electricity contracts, also called full load contracts. We do not only consider risk of market price fluctuations but also correlation effects between the spot market price and the load curve of a customer. We further conduct an empirical study on whole sale contracts for industry customers and public utility companies of a German energy provider. Our findings support the adequateness of the approach and point out the importance of considering also price-volume correlation effects for electricity whole sale contracts.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":70221264,"asset_id":53325852,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":105368293,"first_name":"Zari","last_name":"Rachev","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ZariRachev","display_name":"Zari Rachev","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ZariRachev?f_ri=50711","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":60,"name":"Mechanical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanical_Engineering?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":754,"name":"Energy Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Economics?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":2923,"name":"Methodology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Methodology?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":12061,"name":"Risk Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Management?f_ri=50711"},{"id":13845,"name":"Time Use","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Time_Use?f_ri=50711"},{"id":13975,"name":"Contract","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contract?f_ri=50711"},{"id":27659,"name":"Applied Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Economics?f_ri=50711"},{"id":42343,"name":"Electricity Market","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electricity_Market?f_ri=50711"},{"id":43986,"name":"Electricity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electricity?f_ri=50711"},{"id":50711,"name":"Risk Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Analysis?f_ri=50711"},{"id":121035,"name":"Profitability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Profitability?f_ri=50711"},{"id":219474,"name":"Empirical Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Empirical_Study?f_ri=50711"},{"id":312056,"name":"Public Utilities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Utilities?f_ri=50711"},{"id":502408,"name":"Power Market","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Power_Market?f_ri=50711"},{"id":1237788,"name":"Electrical And Electronic Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrical_And_Electronic_Engineering?f_ri=50711"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_49399314" data-work_id="49399314" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49399314/Decision_Making_Process_Under_Uncertainty_in_International_Investments_in_Petroleum_Exploration_and_Production_Multicriteria_Approach">Decision-Making Process Under Uncertainty in International Investments in Petroleum Exploration and Production: Multicriteria Approach</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper intends to present a contribution to the development of techniques of decision-making in international projects of exploration and production of petroleum. A case study of the Multi-Attribute Utility Theory (MAUT) was developed... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_49399314" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper intends to present a contribution to the development of techniques of decision-making in international projects of exploration and production of petroleum. A case study of the Multi-Attribute Utility Theory (MAUT) was developed and applied to define priorities among ten offshore exploration investment opportunities around the world offered to a Brazilian petroleum multinational company, according to decision-makers' preferences. The MAUT model proposed shows for the first time a combination of operational, political and technological risks, resulting in a quite complete formulation to describe quantitatively the decision-making process. It is important to emphasize that this paper presents an unpublished model to evaluate political risks whose detailed analysis is currently of extreme importance for international investments in petroleum projects.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/49399314" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="27546e92c65aff7997f44019b0a095ca" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67762932,"asset_id":49399314,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67762932/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDk4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="20754107" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LucioCarpio">Lucio Carpio</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="20754107" type="text/json">{"id":20754107,"first_name":"Lucio","last_name":"Carpio","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LucioCarpio","display_name":"Lucio Carpio","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LucioCarpio?f_ri=50711","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_49399314 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="49399314"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 49399314, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_49399314", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_49399314 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49399314; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_49399314"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_49399314 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="49399314"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49399314; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49399314]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_49399314").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_49399314").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="49399314"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="923" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Technology">Technology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="923" type="text/json">{"id":923,"name":"Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Technology?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3442" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Production">Production</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3442" type="text/json">{"id":3442,"name":"Production","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Production?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="45874" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Decision_support_system">Decision support system</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="45874" type="text/json">{"id":45874,"name":"Decision support system","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Decision_support_system?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="50711" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Analysis">Risk Analysis</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="50711" type="text/json">{"id":50711,"name":"Risk Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Analysis?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=49399314]'), work: {"id":49399314,"title":"Decision-Making Process Under Uncertainty in International Investments in Petroleum Exploration and Production: Multicriteria Approach","created_at":"2021-06-26T09:00:01.780-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/49399314/Decision_Making_Process_Under_Uncertainty_in_International_Investments_in_Petroleum_Exploration_and_Production_Multicriteria_Approach?f_ri=50711","dom_id":"work_49399314","summary":"This paper intends to present a contribution to the development of techniques of decision-making in international projects of exploration and production of petroleum. A case study of the Multi-Attribute Utility Theory (MAUT) was developed and applied to define priorities among ten offshore exploration investment opportunities around the world offered to a Brazilian petroleum multinational company, according to decision-makers' preferences. The MAUT model proposed shows for the first time a combination of operational, political and technological risks, resulting in a quite complete formulation to describe quantitatively the decision-making process. It is important to emphasize that this paper presents an unpublished model to evaluate political risks whose detailed analysis is currently of extreme importance for international investments in petroleum projects.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67762932,"asset_id":49399314,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":20754107,"first_name":"Lucio","last_name":"Carpio","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LucioCarpio","display_name":"Lucio Carpio","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LucioCarpio?f_ri=50711","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":923,"name":"Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Technology?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":3442,"name":"Production","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Production?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":45874,"name":"Decision support system","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Decision_support_system?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":50711,"name":"Risk Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Analysis?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":68790,"name":"Project evaluation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Project_evaluation?f_ri=50711"},{"id":78434,"name":"Investment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Investment?f_ri=50711"},{"id":189276,"name":"Offshore","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Offshore?f_ri=50711"},{"id":271424,"name":"Financing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Financing?f_ri=50711"},{"id":288876,"name":"Decision making process","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Decision_making_process?f_ri=50711"},{"id":292710,"name":"Inversion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inversion?f_ri=50711"},{"id":374713,"name":"Cost Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cost_Analysis?f_ri=50711"},{"id":578762,"name":"Economic Value","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Value?f_ri=50711"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_47956277" data-work_id="47956277" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/47956277/A_Semiparametric_Approach_to_Risk_Assessment_for_Quantitative_Outcomes">A Semiparametric Approach to Risk Assessment for Quantitative Outcomes</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Characterizing the doseeeffect relationship and estimating acceptable exposure levels are the primary goals of quantitative risk assessment. A semiparametric approach is proposed for risk assessment with continuously measured or... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_47956277" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Characterizing the doseeeffect relationship and estimating acceptable exposure levels are the primary goals of quantitative risk assessment. A semiparametric approach is proposed for risk assessment with continuously measured or quantitative outcomes which has advantages over existing methods by requiring fewer assumptions. The approach is based on pairwise ranking between the response values in the control group and those in the exposed groups. The work generalizes the rank-based Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test, which for the two-group comparison is effectively a test of whether a response from the control group is different from (larger than) a response in an exposed group. We develop a regression framework that naturally extends this metric to model the dose effect in terms of a risk function. Parameters of the regression model can be estimated with standard software. However, inference requires an additional step to estimate the variance structure of the estimated parameters. An effective dose (ED) and associated lower confidence limit (LED) are easily calculated. The method is supported by a simulation study and is illustrated with a study on the effects of aconiazide. The method offers flexible modeling of the dose effect, and since it is rank-based, it is more resistant to outliers, nonconstant variance, and other departures from normality than previously described approaches.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/47956277" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9415040308dec00117ff3dc216006cb1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":66819043,"asset_id":47956277,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66819043/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDk4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="39414976" href="https://uts.academia.edu/LouiseRyan">Louise Ryan</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="39414976" type="text/json">{"id":39414976,"first_name":"Louise","last_name":"Ryan","domain_name":"uts","page_name":"LouiseRyan","display_name":"Louise Ryan","profile_url":"https://uts.academia.edu/LouiseRyan?f_ri=50711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/39414976/102321884/91487205/s65_louise.ryan.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_47956277 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="47956277"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 47956277, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_47956277", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_47956277 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 47956277; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_47956277"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_47956277 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="47956277"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 47956277; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=47956277]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_47956277").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_47956277").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="47956277"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16664" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_assessment">Risk assessment</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16664" type="text/json">{"id":16664,"name":"Risk assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_assessment?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="50711" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Analysis">Risk Analysis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="50711" type="text/json">{"id":50711,"name":"Risk Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Analysis?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="123230" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regression_Analysis">Regression Analysis</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="123230" type="text/json">{"id":123230,"name":"Regression Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regression_Analysis?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=47956277]'), work: {"id":47956277,"title":"A Semiparametric Approach to Risk Assessment for Quantitative Outcomes","created_at":"2021-05-03T18:58:04.808-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/47956277/A_Semiparametric_Approach_to_Risk_Assessment_for_Quantitative_Outcomes?f_ri=50711","dom_id":"work_47956277","summary":"Characterizing the doseeeffect relationship and estimating acceptable exposure levels are the primary goals of quantitative risk assessment. A semiparametric approach is proposed for risk assessment with continuously measured or quantitative outcomes which has advantages over existing methods by requiring fewer assumptions. The approach is based on pairwise ranking between the response values in the control group and those in the exposed groups. The work generalizes the rank-based Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test, which for the two-group comparison is effectively a test of whether a response from the control group is different from (larger than) a response in an exposed group. We develop a regression framework that naturally extends this metric to model the dose effect in terms of a risk function. Parameters of the regression model can be estimated with standard software. However, inference requires an additional step to estimate the variance structure of the estimated parameters. An effective dose (ED) and associated lower confidence limit (LED) are easily calculated. The method is supported by a simulation study and is illustrated with a study on the effects of aconiazide. The method offers flexible modeling of the dose effect, and since it is rank-based, it is more resistant to outliers, nonconstant variance, and other departures from normality than previously described approaches.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":66819043,"asset_id":47956277,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":39414976,"first_name":"Louise","last_name":"Ryan","domain_name":"uts","page_name":"LouiseRyan","display_name":"Louise Ryan","profile_url":"https://uts.academia.edu/LouiseRyan?f_ri=50711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/39414976/102321884/91487205/s65_louise.ryan.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":16664,"name":"Risk assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_assessment?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":50711,"name":"Risk Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Analysis?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":123230,"name":"Regression Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regression_Analysis?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":375054,"name":"Rats","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rats?f_ri=50711"},{"id":622589,"name":"Risk Assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Assessment-2?f_ri=50711"},{"id":736321,"name":"Environmental Pollutants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Pollutants?f_ri=50711"},{"id":1036105,"name":"Isoniazid","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Isoniazid?f_ri=50711"},{"id":1141692,"name":"Weight Gain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Weight_Gain?f_ri=50711"},{"id":1142767,"name":"Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wilcoxon_Rank_Sum_Test?f_ri=50711"},{"id":1312021,"name":"Environmental Exposure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Exposure?f_ri=50711"},{"id":1333436,"name":"Monte Carlo Method","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monte_Carlo_Method?f_ri=50711"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1586397" data-work_id="1586397" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1586397/Comparison_of_Scoring_Systems_for_Invasive_Pests_Using_ROC_Analysis_and_Monte_Carlo_Simulations_Comparison_of_Scoring_Systems_for_Invasive_Pests_Using_ROC_Analysis_and_Monte_Carlo_Simulations">Comparison of Scoring Systems for Invasive Pests Using ROC Analysis and Monte Carlo Simulations: Comparison of Scoring Systems for Invasive Pests Using ROC Analysis and Monte Carlo Simulations</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Different international plant protection organisations advocate different schemes for conducting pest risk assessments. Most of these schemes use structured questionnaire in which experts are asked to score several items using an ordinal... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1586397" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Different international plant protection organisations advocate different schemes for conducting pest risk assessments. Most of these schemes use structured questionnaire in which experts are asked to score several items using an ordinal scale. The scores are then combined using a range of procedures, such as simple arithmetic mean, weighted averages, multiplication of scores, and cumulative sums. The most useful schemes will correctly identify harmful pests and identify ones that are not. As the quality of a pest risk assessment can depend on the characteristics of the scoring system used by the risk assessors (i.e., on the number of points of the scale and on the method used for combining the component scores), it is important to assess and compare the performance of different scoring systems. In this article, we proposed a new method for assessing scoring systems. Its principle is to simulate virtual data using a stochastic model and, then, to estimate sensitivity and specificity values from these data for different scoring systems. The interest of our approach was illustrated in a case study where several scoring systems were compared. Data for this analysis were generated using a probabilistic model describing the pest introduction process. The generated data were then used to simulate the outcome of scoring systems and to assess the accuracy of the decisions about positive and negative introduction. The results showed that ordinal scales with at most 5 or 6 points were sufficient and that the multiplication-based scoring systems performed better than their sum-based counterparts. The proposed method could be used in the future to assess a great diversity of scoring systems.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1586397" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="32927348bba8b8d5a6031d6ea5a9cd9e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50918336,"asset_id":1586397,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50918336/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDk4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1808855" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MittintyMurthy">Mittinty Murthy</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1808855" type="text/json">{"id":1808855,"first_name":"Mittinty","last_name":"Murthy","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MittintyMurthy","display_name":"Mittinty Murthy","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MittintyMurthy?f_ri=50711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1808855/617561/766576/s65_mittinty.murthy.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1586397 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1586397"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1586397, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1586397", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_1586397 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1586397; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_1586397"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_1586397 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1586397"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1586397; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1586397]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1586397").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1586397").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1586397"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4392" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monte_Carlo_Simulation">Monte Carlo Simulation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4392" type="text/json">{"id":4392,"name":"Monte Carlo Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monte_Carlo_Simulation?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11870" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Invasive_Species">Invasive Species</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11870" type="text/json">{"id":11870,"name":"Invasive Species","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Invasive_Species?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="50711" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Analysis">Risk Analysis</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="50711" type="text/json">{"id":50711,"name":"Risk Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Analysis?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1586397]'), work: {"id":1586397,"title":"Comparison of Scoring Systems for Invasive Pests Using ROC Analysis and Monte Carlo Simulations: Comparison of Scoring Systems for Invasive Pests Using ROC Analysis and Monte Carlo Simulations","created_at":"2012-05-23T18:14:44.468-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1586397/Comparison_of_Scoring_Systems_for_Invasive_Pests_Using_ROC_Analysis_and_Monte_Carlo_Simulations_Comparison_of_Scoring_Systems_for_Invasive_Pests_Using_ROC_Analysis_and_Monte_Carlo_Simulations?f_ri=50711","dom_id":"work_1586397","summary":"Different international plant protection organisations advocate different schemes for conducting pest risk assessments. Most of these schemes use structured questionnaire in which experts are asked to score several items using an ordinal scale. The scores are then combined using a range of procedures, such as simple arithmetic mean, weighted averages, multiplication of scores, and cumulative sums. The most useful schemes will correctly identify harmful pests and identify ones that are not. As the quality of a pest risk assessment can depend on the characteristics of the scoring system used by the risk assessors (i.e., on the number of points of the scale and on the method used for combining the component scores), it is important to assess and compare the performance of different scoring systems. In this article, we proposed a new method for assessing scoring systems. Its principle is to simulate virtual data using a stochastic model and, then, to estimate sensitivity and specificity values from these data for different scoring systems. The interest of our approach was illustrated in a case study where several scoring systems were compared. Data for this analysis were generated using a probabilistic model describing the pest introduction process. The generated data were then used to simulate the outcome of scoring systems and to assess the accuracy of the decisions about positive and negative introduction. The results showed that ordinal scales with at most 5 or 6 points were sufficient and that the multiplication-based scoring systems performed better than their sum-based counterparts. The proposed method could be used in the future to assess a great diversity of scoring systems.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50918336,"asset_id":1586397,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1808855,"first_name":"Mittinty","last_name":"Murthy","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MittintyMurthy","display_name":"Mittinty Murthy","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MittintyMurthy?f_ri=50711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1808855/617561/766576/s65_mittinty.murthy.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4392,"name":"Monte Carlo Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monte_Carlo_Simulation?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":11870,"name":"Invasive Species","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Invasive_Species?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":50711,"name":"Risk Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Analysis?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":194916,"name":"ROC Curve","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ROC_Curve?f_ri=50711"},{"id":401947,"name":"Sensitivity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sensitivity?f_ri=50711"},{"id":871199,"name":"Stochastic Model","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stochastic_Model?f_ri=50711"},{"id":1333436,"name":"Monte Carlo Method","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monte_Carlo_Method?f_ri=50711"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_10613266" data-work_id="10613266" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10613266/Portfolio_Risk_Analysis_using_ARCH_and_GARCH_Models_in_the_Context_of_the_Global_Financial_Crisis">Portfolio Risk Analysis using ARCH and GARCH Models in the Context of the Global Financial Crisis</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper examines both the benefits of choosing an internationally diversified portfolio and the evolution of the portfolio risk in the context of the current global financial crisis. The portfolio is comprised of three benchmark... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_10613266" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper examines both the benefits of choosing an internationally diversified portfolio and the evolution of the portfolio risk in the context of the current global financial crisis. The portfolio is comprised of three benchmark indexes from Romania, UK and USA. Study results show that on the background of a global economic climate eroded strongly by the effects of the current financial crisis, international diversification does not reduce risk. Moreover, using ARCH and GARCH models shows that the evolution of portfolio volatility is influenced by the effects of the current global financial crisis.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/10613266" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="77c95ca34d9d17ff7a694ccac1fa96f3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":36558710,"asset_id":10613266,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36558710/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDk4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="25915243" href="https://ase.academia.edu/StelianStancu">Stelian Stancu</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="25915243" type="text/json">{"id":25915243,"first_name":"Stelian","last_name":"Stancu","domain_name":"ase","page_name":"StelianStancu","display_name":"Stelian Stancu","profile_url":"https://ase.academia.edu/StelianStancu?f_ri=50711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/25915243/7112433/8013072/s65_stelian.stancu.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_10613266 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="10613266"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 10613266, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_10613266", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_10613266 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10613266; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_10613266"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_10613266 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="10613266"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10613266; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=10613266]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_10613266").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_10613266").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="10613266"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="43306" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Financial_Crisis">Global Financial Crisis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="43306" type="text/json">{"id":43306,"name":"Global Financial Crisis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Financial_Crisis?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="50679" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Financial_Crisis">Financial Crisis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="50679" type="text/json">{"id":50679,"name":"Financial Crisis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Financial_Crisis?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="50711" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Analysis">Risk Analysis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="50711" type="text/json">{"id":50711,"name":"Risk Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Analysis?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="85369" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ARCH_model">ARCH model</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="85369" type="text/json">{"id":85369,"name":"ARCH model","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ARCH_model?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=10613266]'), work: {"id":10613266,"title":"Portfolio Risk Analysis using ARCH and GARCH Models in the Context of the Global Financial Crisis","created_at":"2015-02-08T00:11:47.538-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/10613266/Portfolio_Risk_Analysis_using_ARCH_and_GARCH_Models_in_the_Context_of_the_Global_Financial_Crisis?f_ri=50711","dom_id":"work_10613266","summary":"This paper examines both the benefits of choosing an internationally diversified portfolio and the evolution of the portfolio risk in the context of the current global financial crisis. The portfolio is comprised of three benchmark indexes from Romania, UK and USA. Study results show that on the background of a global economic climate eroded strongly by the effects of the current financial crisis, international diversification does not reduce risk. Moreover, using ARCH and GARCH models shows that the evolution of portfolio volatility is influenced by the effects of the current global financial crisis.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":36558710,"asset_id":10613266,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":25915243,"first_name":"Stelian","last_name":"Stancu","domain_name":"ase","page_name":"StelianStancu","display_name":"Stelian Stancu","profile_url":"https://ase.academia.edu/StelianStancu?f_ri=50711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/25915243/7112433/8013072/s65_stelian.stancu.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":43306,"name":"Global Financial Crisis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Financial_Crisis?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":50679,"name":"Financial Crisis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Financial_Crisis?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":50711,"name":"Risk Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Analysis?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":85369,"name":"ARCH model","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ARCH_model?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":749302,"name":"Indexation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indexation?f_ri=50711"},{"id":1480214,"name":"International Diversification","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Diversification?f_ri=50711"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_15737381" data-work_id="15737381" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/15737381/Development_of_risk_based_ranking_measures_of_effectiveness_for_the_United_States_Coast_Guards_vessel_inspection_program">Development of risk-based ranking measures of effectiveness for the United States Coast Guard's vessel inspection program</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper describes the results of an analysis of the effectiveness of the U.S. Count Guard's efforts to promote the safety of life and property at sea through its program to inspect large, ocean-going vessels. The effectiveness of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_15737381" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper describes the results of an analysis of the effectiveness of the U.S. Count Guard's efforts to promote the safety of life and property at sea through its program to inspect large, ocean-going vessels. The effectiveness of specific U.S. Coast Guard vessel inspection activities was evaluated using risk based metrics that linked categories of root causes of accidents to the particular inspection activities designed to reduce the risk of each root cause category. The results demonstrate a risk-based ranking of USCG inspection activities. These metrics, describes as measures of effectiveness(MOE's) , yield insights regarding the most beneficial areas in which to concentrate inspection resources. Insights regarding quality of vessel casualty investigation data and database design as related to riskbased importance analysis are also described. The MOE's constructed in this study are specific to the USCG's Marine Inspection and Boarding Program, but the methodology of the study is based on sound theoretical principles that are probably applicable to a range of maritime safety activities. Hence the methodology applies equally to other important governmental regulatory programs and can be similarly used to measure their effectiveness and as an aid to decision-making.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/15737381" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="42c235b792648a0d31942d6b883112aa" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42919107,"asset_id":15737381,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42919107/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDk4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="34926879" href="https://utexas.academia.edu/KishoreGawande">Kishore Gawande</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="34926879" type="text/json">{"id":34926879,"first_name":"Kishore","last_name":"Gawande","domain_name":"utexas","page_name":"KishoreGawande","display_name":"Kishore Gawande","profile_url":"https://utexas.academia.edu/KishoreGawande?f_ri=50711","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_15737381 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="15737381"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 15737381, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_15737381", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_15737381 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 15737381; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_15737381"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_15737381 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="15737381"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 15737381; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=15737381]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_15737381").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_15737381").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="15737381"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="724" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics">Economics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="724" type="text/json">{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8207" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk">Risk</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8207" type="text/json">{"id":8207,"name":"Risk","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="50711" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Analysis">Risk Analysis</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="50711" type="text/json">{"id":50711,"name":"Risk Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Analysis?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=15737381]'), work: {"id":15737381,"title":"Development of risk-based ranking measures of effectiveness for the United States Coast Guard's vessel inspection program","created_at":"2015-09-15T13:54:22.124-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/15737381/Development_of_risk_based_ranking_measures_of_effectiveness_for_the_United_States_Coast_Guards_vessel_inspection_program?f_ri=50711","dom_id":"work_15737381","summary":"This paper describes the results of an analysis of the effectiveness of the U.S. Count Guard's efforts to promote the safety of life and property at sea through its program to inspect large, ocean-going vessels. The effectiveness of specific U.S. Coast Guard vessel inspection activities was evaluated using risk based metrics that linked categories of root causes of accidents to the particular inspection activities designed to reduce the risk of each root cause category. The results demonstrate a risk-based ranking of USCG inspection activities. These metrics, describes as measures of effectiveness(MOE's) , yield insights regarding the most beneficial areas in which to concentrate inspection resources. Insights regarding quality of vessel casualty investigation data and database design as related to riskbased importance analysis are also described. The MOE's constructed in this study are specific to the USCG's Marine Inspection and Boarding Program, but the methodology of the study is based on sound theoretical principles that are probably applicable to a range of maritime safety activities. Hence the methodology applies equally to other important governmental regulatory programs and can be similarly used to measure their effectiveness and as an aid to decision-making.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42919107,"asset_id":15737381,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":34926879,"first_name":"Kishore","last_name":"Gawande","domain_name":"utexas","page_name":"KishoreGawande","display_name":"Kishore Gawande","profile_url":"https://utexas.academia.edu/KishoreGawande?f_ri=50711","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":8207,"name":"Risk","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":50711,"name":"Risk Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Analysis?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":80414,"name":"Mathematical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematical_Sciences?f_ri=50711"},{"id":98134,"name":"United States","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/United_States?f_ri=50711"},{"id":500014,"name":"Measures of Effectiveness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Measures_of_Effectiveness?f_ri=50711"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_76283757" data-work_id="76283757" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/76283757/Towards_Analyzing_Data_Security_Risks_in_Cloud_Computing_Environments">Towards Analyzing Data Security Risks in Cloud Computing Environments</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">There is a growing trend of using cloud environments for ever growing storage and data processing needs. However, adopting a cloud computing paradigm may have positive as well as negative effects on the data security of service consumers.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_76283757" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">There is a growing trend of using cloud environments for ever growing storage and data processing needs. However, adopting a cloud computing paradigm may have positive as well as negative effects on the data security of service consumers. This paper primarily aims to highlight the major security issues existing in current cloud computing environments. We carry out a survey to investigate the security mechanisms that are enforced by major cloud service providers. We also propose a risk analysis approach that can be used by a prospective cloud service for analyzing the data security risks before putting his confidential data into a cloud computing environment.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/76283757" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="79e7dd72be5be06d03612b52439be6af" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":84038327,"asset_id":76283757,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/84038327/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDk4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="202326197" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SKumar353">S Kumar</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="202326197" type="text/json">{"id":202326197,"first_name":"S","last_name":"Kumar","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SKumar353","display_name":"S Kumar","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SKumar353?f_ri=50711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/202326197/63481035/51787829/s65_s.kumar.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_76283757 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="76283757"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 76283757, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_76283757", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_76283757 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76283757; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_76283757"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_76283757 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="76283757"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76283757; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=76283757]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_76283757").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_76283757").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="76283757"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26860" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cloud_Computing">Cloud Computing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26860" type="text/json">{"id":26860,"name":"Cloud Computing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cloud_Computing?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="50711" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Analysis">Risk Analysis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="50711" type="text/json">{"id":50711,"name":"Risk Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Analysis?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="97976" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Data_Security">Data Security</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="97976" type="text/json">{"id":97976,"name":"Data Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Data_Security?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="581652" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Data_Processing">Data Processing</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="581652" type="text/json">{"id":581652,"name":"Data Processing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Data_Processing?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=76283757]'), work: {"id":76283757,"title":"Towards Analyzing Data Security Risks in Cloud Computing Environments","created_at":"2022-04-12T22:17:50.994-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/76283757/Towards_Analyzing_Data_Security_Risks_in_Cloud_Computing_Environments?f_ri=50711","dom_id":"work_76283757","summary":"There is a growing trend of using cloud environments for ever growing storage and data processing needs. However, adopting a cloud computing paradigm may have positive as well as negative effects on the data security of service consumers. This paper primarily aims to highlight the major security issues existing in current cloud computing environments. We carry out a survey to investigate the security mechanisms that are enforced by major cloud service providers. We also propose a risk analysis approach that can be used by a prospective cloud service for analyzing the data security risks before putting his confidential data into a cloud computing environment.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":84038327,"asset_id":76283757,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":202326197,"first_name":"S","last_name":"Kumar","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SKumar353","display_name":"S Kumar","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SKumar353?f_ri=50711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/202326197/63481035/51787829/s65_s.kumar.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":26860,"name":"Cloud Computing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cloud_Computing?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":50711,"name":"Risk Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Analysis?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":97976,"name":"Data Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Data_Security?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":581652,"name":"Data Processing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Data_Processing?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":908186,"name":"Service Provider","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Service_Provider?f_ri=50711"},{"id":4099895,"name":"systems technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/systems_technology?f_ri=50711"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7377425" data-work_id="7377425" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7377425/An%C3%A1lise_de_riscos_tecnol%C3%B3gicos_ambientais_perspectivas_para_o_campo_da_sa%C3%BAde_do_trabalhador">Análise de riscos tecnológicos ambientais: perspectivas para o campo da saúde do trabalhador</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7377425" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="67ca11a78eda2c4e564beb49500ab966" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":33972386,"asset_id":7377425,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/33972386/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDk4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="13024508" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MarceloSouza23">Marcelo J . Souza</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="13024508" type="text/json">{"id":13024508,"first_name":"Marcelo","last_name":"Souza","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MarceloSouza23","display_name":"Marcelo J . Souza","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MarceloSouza23?f_ri=50711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/13024508/3678206/30152709/s65_marcelo.souza.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7377425 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7377425"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7377425, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7377425", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_7377425 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 7377425; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_7377425"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_7377425 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="7377425"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 7377425; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=7377425]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_7377425").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_7377425").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="7377425"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7403" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health">Environmental Health</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7403" type="text/json">{"id":7403,"name":"Environmental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16288" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health">Public Health</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16288" type="text/json">{"id":16288,"name":"Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16664" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_assessment">Risk assessment</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16664" type="text/json">{"id":16664,"name":"Risk assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_assessment?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="50711" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Analysis">Risk Analysis</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="50711" type="text/json">{"id":50711,"name":"Risk Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Analysis?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=7377425]'), work: {"id":7377425,"title":"Análise de riscos tecnológicos ambientais: perspectivas para o campo da saúde do trabalhador","created_at":"2014-06-17T08:41:31.765-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/7377425/An%C3%A1lise_de_riscos_tecnol%C3%B3gicos_ambientais_perspectivas_para_o_campo_da_sa%C3%BAde_do_trabalhador?f_ri=50711","dom_id":"work_7377425","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":33972386,"asset_id":7377425,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":13024508,"first_name":"Marcelo","last_name":"Souza","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MarceloSouza23","display_name":"Marcelo J . Souza","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MarceloSouza23?f_ri=50711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/13024508/3678206/30152709/s65_marcelo.souza.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7403,"name":"Environmental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Health?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":16288,"name":"Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":16664,"name":"Risk assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_assessment?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":50711,"name":"Risk Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Analysis?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":54427,"name":"Environmental Risk","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Risk?f_ri=50711"},{"id":517443,"name":"Infection prevention and control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infection_prevention_and_control?f_ri=50711"},{"id":622589,"name":"Risk Assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Assessment-2?f_ri=50711"},{"id":1197942,"name":"Social Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Science?f_ri=50711"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_80946991" data-work_id="80946991" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/80946991/Distribution_of_Melaleuca_rugulosa_Schlechtendal_ex_Link_Craven_Myrtaceae_in_South_Africa_Assessment_of_invasiveness_and_feasibility_of_eradication">Distribution of Melaleuca rugulosa (Schlechtendal ex Link) Craven (Myrtaceae) in South Africa: Assessment of invasiveness and feasibility of eradication</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Several Melaleuca (Myrtaceae) species are invasive globally. Recently an increase in invasive species from this genus have been reported in South Africa. Here we document the first detailed assessment of the distribution and invasive... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_80946991" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Several Melaleuca (Myrtaceae) species are invasive globally. Recently an increase in invasive species from this genus have been reported in South Africa. Here we document the first detailed assessment of the distribution and invasive potential of Melaleuca rugulosa in South Africa. We assess population structure, determine the current and potential future distribution in South Africa using climatic variables, conduct a risk analysis, provide recommendations for management, and consider the feasibility of eradication. We found one naturalising population of »665 individuals covering more than 1.2 hectares. It was first recorded in 1961 invading the native fynbos vegetation in the Table Mountain National Park (TMNP). Two recent fires in 2009 and 2016 likely enhanced spread, this spread happened despite undocumented clearing attempts in the last decade. The south-western Cape is the most climatically suitable for M. rugulosa, with most other wetter areas of the country being only partly suitable regions. The risk analysis indicated a medium risk, and we suggest listing M. rugulosa as category 1a (eradication target) under the South African National Environmental Management: Biodiversity Act (10/ 2004). Given the small area occupied, ease of access and the lack of a soil seed bank, the population can be extirpated from Devil’s Peak within the TMNP. We highlight that serotinous alien species, particular from the Myrtaceae, should receive more attention as potential invasive species in fire-driven ecosystems and that their lack of invasiveness in areas where fire is suppressed, should not be misinterpreted as being a low-risk species.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/80946991" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d5ca03e8493eb31d7d8bd11c9336c0b4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":87303711,"asset_id":80946991,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/87303711/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDk4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="54768101" href="https://independent.academia.edu/chelseymatthys">chelsey matthys</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="54768101" type="text/json">{"id":54768101,"first_name":"chelsey","last_name":"matthys","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"chelseymatthys","display_name":"chelsey matthys","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/chelseymatthys?f_ri=50711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/54768101/20166638/19905888/s65_chelsey.matthys.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_80946991 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="80946991"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 80946991, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_80946991", }); 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Recently an increase in invasive species from this genus have been reported in South Africa. Here we document the first detailed assessment of the distribution and invasive potential of Melaleuca rugulosa in South Africa. We assess population structure, determine the current and potential future distribution in South Africa using climatic variables, conduct a risk analysis, provide recommendations for management, and consider the feasibility of eradication. We found one naturalising population of »665 individuals covering more than 1.2 hectares. It was first recorded in 1961 invading the native fynbos vegetation in the Table Mountain National Park (TMNP). Two recent fires in 2009 and 2016 likely enhanced spread, this spread happened despite undocumented clearing attempts in the last decade. The south-western Cape is the most climatically suitable for M. rugulosa, with most other wetter areas of the country being only partly suitable regions. The risk analysis indicated a medium risk, and we suggest listing M. rugulosa as category 1a (eradication target) under the South African National Environmental Management: Biodiversity Act (10/ 2004). Given the small area occupied, ease of access and the lack of a soil seed bank, the population can be extirpated from Devil’s Peak within the TMNP. We highlight that serotinous alien species, particular from the Myrtaceae, should receive more attention as potential invasive species in fire-driven ecosystems and that their lack of invasiveness in areas where fire is suppressed, should not be misinterpreted as being a low-risk species.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":87303711,"asset_id":80946991,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":54768101,"first_name":"chelsey","last_name":"matthys","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"chelseymatthys","display_name":"chelsey matthys","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/chelseymatthys?f_ri=50711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/54768101/20166638/19905888/s65_chelsey.matthys.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5541,"name":"Plant Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":9846,"name":"Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":10867,"name":"Fire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fire?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":17792,"name":"Biological invasions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_invasions?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":50711,"name":"Risk Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Analysis?f_ri=50711"},{"id":141911,"name":"Myrtaceae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Myrtaceae?f_ri=50711"},{"id":993979,"name":"Invasive Alien Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Invasive_Alien_Plants?f_ri=50711"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_58061397" data-work_id="58061397" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/58061397/Food_and_Nutrition_Security_in_Developing_Countries_A_Case_Study_of_City_of_Varanasi_in_India">Food and Nutrition Security in Developing Countries: A Case Study of City of Varanasi in India</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Safety of the street foods is an important aspect in the field of nutrition security. A study was conducted in the city of Varanasi in India. It was observed that about 42% of the working man and women in the age group of 25-45, and 61%... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_58061397" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Safety of the street foods is an important aspect in the field of nutrition security. A study was conducted in the city of Varanasi in India. It was observed that about 42% of the working man and women in the age group of 25-45, and 61% of the students in the age group of 14-21, consume foods from the street</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/58061397" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="fb55815915b2ef53f429ef43b912cc00" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":72656354,"asset_id":58061397,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/72656354/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDk4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="74062107" href="https://independent.academia.edu/sunitamishra15">sunita mishra</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="74062107" type="text/json">{"id":74062107,"first_name":"sunita","last_name":"mishra","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"sunitamishra15","display_name":"sunita mishra","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/sunitamishra15?f_ri=50711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/74062107/18782194/18742526/s65_sunita.mishra.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_58061397 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="58061397"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 58061397, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_58061397", }); 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A study was conducted in the city of Varanasi in India. It was observed that about 42% of the working man and women in the age group of 25-45, and 61% of the students in the age group of 14-21, consume foods from the street","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":72656354,"asset_id":58061397,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":74062107,"first_name":"sunita","last_name":"mishra","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"sunitamishra15","display_name":"sunita mishra","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/sunitamishra15?f_ri=50711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/74062107/18782194/18742526/s65_sunita.mishra.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1081,"name":"Food Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Safety?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":38360,"name":"Food Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Security?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":50711,"name":"Risk Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Analysis?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":70854,"name":"Developing Country","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developing_Country?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":72230,"name":"Food Consumption","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Consumption?f_ri=50711"},{"id":96047,"name":"Case Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Case_Study?f_ri=50711"},{"id":1470936,"name":"Age Groups","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Age_Groups?f_ri=50711"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_50089015" data-work_id="50089015" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/50089015/Pathogen_Risks_in_Land_Applied_Biosolids_Evaluating_risks_of_biosolids_produced_by_conventional_treatment">Pathogen Risks in Land-Applied Biosolids. Evaluating risks of biosolids produced by conventional treatment</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Modelling the risk of infections from land application of biosolids is important to improve microbial safety regulations as well as to support public confidence in the agricultural use of biosolids for food production. The effect of the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_50089015" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Modelling the risk of infections from land application of biosolids is important to improve microbial safety regulations as well as to support public confidence in the agricultural use of biosolids for food production. The effect of the incidence of enteric disease on potential risk to human health from the agricultural use of mesophilic anaerobically digested biosolids was investigated for the state of Victoria. A model was developed to follow the partitioning and decay of nine pathogens from the estimated pathogen loads in the population through to annual exposure from ingestion of uncooked root crops grown in biosolids-amended soil. Dose-response relationships were used to estimate the annual risk of infection. Pathogen risks from land application of anaerobically digested biosolids were shown to be below the USEPA limits for drinking water.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/50089015" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0f64dd2891f7eeaf12dccd85546cbf26" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":68205002,"asset_id":50089015,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/68205002/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDk4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32619911" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DuncanRouch">Duncan A Rouch</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32619911" type="text/json">{"id":32619911,"first_name":"Duncan","last_name":"Rouch","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DuncanRouch","display_name":"Duncan A Rouch","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DuncanRouch?f_ri=50711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32619911/9741134/28494370/s65_duncan.rouch.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_50089015 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="50089015"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 50089015, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_50089015", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=50089015]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_50089015").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_50089015").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="50089015"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2215" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water">Water</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2215" type="text/json">{"id":2215,"name":"Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="50711" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Analysis">Risk Analysis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="50711" type="text/json">{"id":50711,"name":"Risk Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Analysis?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="261399" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biosolids">Biosolids</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="261399" type="text/json">{"id":261399,"name":"Biosolids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biosolids?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=50089015]'), work: {"id":50089015,"title":"Pathogen Risks in Land-Applied Biosolids. Evaluating risks of biosolids produced by conventional treatment","created_at":"2021-07-20T00:37:24.998-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/50089015/Pathogen_Risks_in_Land_Applied_Biosolids_Evaluating_risks_of_biosolids_produced_by_conventional_treatment?f_ri=50711","dom_id":"work_50089015","summary":"Modelling the risk of infections from land application of biosolids is important to improve microbial safety regulations as well as to support public confidence in the agricultural use of biosolids for food production. The effect of the incidence of enteric disease on potential risk to human health from the agricultural use of mesophilic anaerobically digested biosolids was investigated for the state of Victoria. A model was developed to follow the partitioning and decay of nine pathogens from the estimated pathogen loads in the population through to annual exposure from ingestion of uncooked root crops grown in biosolids-amended soil. Dose-response relationships were used to estimate the annual risk of infection. Pathogen risks from land application of anaerobically digested biosolids were shown to be below the USEPA limits for drinking water.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":68205002,"asset_id":50089015,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32619911,"first_name":"Duncan","last_name":"Rouch","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DuncanRouch","display_name":"Duncan A Rouch","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DuncanRouch?f_ri=50711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32619911/9741134/28494370/s65_duncan.rouch.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2215,"name":"Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":50711,"name":"Risk Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Analysis?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":261399,"name":"Biosolids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biosolids?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_29446991" data-work_id="29446991" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29446991/Analysis_of_Risk_Factors_for_Catheter_Related_Bacteremia_in_2000_Permanent_Dual_Catheters_for_Hemodialysis">Analysis of Risk Factors for Catheter-Related Bacteremia in 2000 Permanent Dual Catheters for Hemodialysis</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">agulase-negative staphylococci, Enterobacter spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa . The overall incidence of bacteremic episodes was 0.514/1,000 catheter days. Hypertension, atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, site of catheter implantation,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_29446991" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">agulase-negative staphylococci, Enterobacter spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa . The overall incidence of bacteremic episodes was 0.514/1,000 catheter days. Hypertension, atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, site of catheter implantation, duration of catheter use, Wright-Khan comorbidity index and previous history of CRB were significant risk factors associated with bacteremia in univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis revealed that a previous history of a bacteremic episode (odds ratio, OR = 2.70, 95% confidence interval, CI = 1.56-4.68), diabetes mellitus (OR = 2.37, 95% CI = 1.65-3.39), duration of catheter use 1 90 days (OR = 1.85, 95% CI = 1.35-2.55) and hypertension (OR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.08-2.04) were still significant factors associated with bacteremia. Conclusion: Reducing CRB is still a challenge for nephrologists to reduce patient morbidity and mortality. Our study could demonstrate that diabetes, previous history of CRB, site of catheter implantation and duration of catheter use were the most important risk factors for bacteremia. Therefore, to prevent CRB, particular attention should be paid to patients with diabetes and a previous history of bacteremia following strict hygienic and aseptic rules for catheter handling associated with the regular use of antiseptic lock solutions.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/29446991" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c6890810e7d98a13720ef07295ed454b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49891679,"asset_id":29446991,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49891679/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDk4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="20181483" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BCanaud">Bernard Canaud</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="20181483" type="text/json">{"id":20181483,"first_name":"Bernard","last_name":"Canaud","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BCanaud","display_name":"Bernard Canaud","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BCanaud?f_ri=50711","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_29446991 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="29446991"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 29446991, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_29446991", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=29446991]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_29446991").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_29446991").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="29446991"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">23</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22506" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent">Adolescent</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="22506" type="text/json">{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27336" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/France">France</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="27336" type="text/json">{"id":27336,"name":"France","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/France?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="37827" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Catheterization">Catheterization</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="37827" type="text/json">{"id":37827,"name":"Catheterization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Catheterization?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="41482" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multivariate_Analysis">Multivariate Analysis</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="41482" type="text/json">{"id":41482,"name":"Multivariate Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multivariate_Analysis?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=29446991]'), work: {"id":29446991,"title":"Analysis of Risk Factors for Catheter-Related Bacteremia in 2000 Permanent Dual Catheters for Hemodialysis","created_at":"2016-10-26T13:43:20.403-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/29446991/Analysis_of_Risk_Factors_for_Catheter_Related_Bacteremia_in_2000_Permanent_Dual_Catheters_for_Hemodialysis?f_ri=50711","dom_id":"work_29446991","summary":"agulase-negative staphylococci, Enterobacter spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa . The overall incidence of bacteremic episodes was 0.514/1,000 catheter days. Hypertension, atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, site of catheter implantation, duration of catheter use, Wright-Khan comorbidity index and previous history of CRB were significant risk factors associated with bacteremia in univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis revealed that a previous history of a bacteremic episode (odds ratio, OR = 2.70, 95% confidence interval, CI = 1.56-4.68), diabetes mellitus (OR = 2.37, 95% CI = 1.65-3.39), duration of catheter use 1 90 days (OR = 1.85, 95% CI = 1.35-2.55) and hypertension (OR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.08-2.04) were still significant factors associated with bacteremia. Conclusion: Reducing CRB is still a challenge for nephrologists to reduce patient morbidity and mortality. Our study could demonstrate that diabetes, previous history of CRB, site of catheter implantation and duration of catheter use were the most important risk factors for bacteremia. Therefore, to prevent CRB, particular attention should be paid to patients with diabetes and a previous history of bacteremia following strict hygienic and aseptic rules for catheter handling associated with the regular use of antiseptic lock solutions.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49891679,"asset_id":29446991,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":20181483,"first_name":"Bernard","last_name":"Canaud","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BCanaud","display_name":"Bernard Canaud","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BCanaud?f_ri=50711","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":27336,"name":"France","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/France?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":37827,"name":"Catheterization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Catheterization?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":41482,"name":"Multivariate Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multivariate_Analysis?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":50711,"name":"Risk Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Analysis?f_ri=50711"},{"id":71511,"name":"Diabetes mellitus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diabetes_mellitus?f_ri=50711"},{"id":101212,"name":"Hemodialysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hemodialysis?f_ri=50711"},{"id":116078,"name":"Staphylococcus aureus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Staphylococcus_aureus?f_ri=50711"},{"id":131185,"name":"Cohort Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cohort_Study?f_ri=50711"},{"id":133057,"name":"Young Adult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Young_Adult?f_ri=50711"},{"id":192721,"name":"Risk factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_factors?f_ri=50711"},{"id":225499,"name":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pseudomonas_aeruginosa?f_ri=50711"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=50711"},{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=50711"},{"id":525310,"name":"Bacteremia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacteremia?f_ri=50711"},{"id":620049,"name":"Risk Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Factors-1?f_ri=50711"},{"id":636395,"name":"Pseudomonas Aeruginosa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pseudomonas_Aeruginosa-1?f_ri=50711"},{"id":749302,"name":"Indexation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indexation?f_ri=50711"},{"id":1587858,"name":"Confidence Interval","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Confidence_Interval?f_ri=50711"},{"id":1601250,"name":"Vascular Access","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vascular_Access?f_ri=50711"},{"id":1611680,"name":"Renal Dialysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renal_Dialysis?f_ri=50711"},{"id":1819400,"name":"Cohort Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cohort_Studies?f_ri=50711"},{"id":1963947,"name":"Coagulase Negative Staphylococci","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coagulase_Negative_Staphylococci?f_ri=50711"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_5222972" data-work_id="5222972" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5222972/Inclusion_of_human_errors_assessment_in_failure_frequency_analysis_A_case_study_for_the_transportation_of_ammonia_by_rail_in_Malaysia">Inclusion of human errors assessment in failure frequency analysis-A case study for the transportation of ammonia by rail in Malaysia</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Risk is defined as the probability of a specific adverse event occurring within a specific period, while Quantitative risk assessment (QRA) is the development of a quantitative estimate of risk based on engineering evaluation and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_5222972" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Risk is defined as the probability of a specific adverse event occurring within a specific period, while Quantitative risk assessment (QRA) is the development of a quantitative estimate of risk based on engineering evaluation and mathematical techniques by combining estimate of incident consequences and frequencies. In view of the increase in the use of railways as the mode of transportation for hazardous materials throughout the world, the associated risk analysis should be taken into concern. In this study, the failure frequency of the transportation of ammonia from the Petronas fertilizers Kedah (PFK) plant in Gurun (Northern part of Peninsular Malaysia), to the Chemical Company Malaysia (CCM) fertilizer's facilities in Port Klang (South-western part of Peninsular Malaysia) was evaluated by incorporating the human error assessment. The study highlighted the importance of human error contributions in the failure frequency analysis and its impact on the selected failure scenarios. Besides, it also shows that the application of the human error assessment and reduction technique (HEART), which is a useful human reliability analysis tool, should be used in parallel with the fuzzy arithmetic approach to reduce the uncertainties involved in the estimation of human error probabilities, and hence, to reduce the likelihood of incorrect risks estimates being assessed. The results suggested that the commonly applied approach in quantitative risk assessments, which only consider equipment failures in the failure frequency estimations, are clearly an underestimate of the potential causes of failures leading to hazardous material releases, and hence, the calculated risks based do not reflect the actual risks. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2009</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5222972" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="dc69c68d3f799c41610414105767c1e6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49393353,"asset_id":5222972,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49393353/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDk4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="7124227" href="https://independent.academia.edu/noorsulaiman">noor sulaiman</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="7124227" type="text/json">{"id":7124227,"first_name":"noor","last_name":"sulaiman","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"noorsulaiman","display_name":"noor sulaiman","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/noorsulaiman?f_ri=50711","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_5222972 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="5222972"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5222972, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_5222972", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5222972]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_5222972").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_5222972").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="5222972"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">49</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="72" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Engineering">Chemical Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="72" type="text/json">{"id":72,"name":"Chemical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Engineering?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3169" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Railway_Transport">Railway Transport</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3169" type="text/json">{"id":3169,"name":"Railway Transport","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Railway_Transport?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6818" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaysia">Malaysia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6818" type="text/json">{"id":6818,"name":"Malaysia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaysia?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10182" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fuzzy_Sets">Fuzzy Sets</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="10182" type="text/json">{"id":10182,"name":"Fuzzy Sets","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fuzzy_Sets?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=5222972]'), work: {"id":5222972,"title":"Inclusion of human errors assessment in failure frequency analysis-A case study for the transportation of ammonia by rail in Malaysia","created_at":"2013-11-25T21:22:04.406-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/5222972/Inclusion_of_human_errors_assessment_in_failure_frequency_analysis_A_case_study_for_the_transportation_of_ammonia_by_rail_in_Malaysia?f_ri=50711","dom_id":"work_5222972","summary":"Risk is defined as the probability of a specific adverse event occurring within a specific period, while Quantitative risk assessment (QRA) is the development of a quantitative estimate of risk based on engineering evaluation and mathematical techniques by combining estimate of incident consequences and frequencies. In view of the increase in the use of railways as the mode of transportation for hazardous materials throughout the world, the associated risk analysis should be taken into concern. In this study, the failure frequency of the transportation of ammonia from the Petronas fertilizers Kedah (PFK) plant in Gurun (Northern part of Peninsular Malaysia), to the Chemical Company Malaysia (CCM) fertilizer's facilities in Port Klang (South-western part of Peninsular Malaysia) was evaluated by incorporating the human error assessment. The study highlighted the importance of human error contributions in the failure frequency analysis and its impact on the selected failure scenarios. Besides, it also shows that the application of the human error assessment and reduction technique (HEART), which is a useful human reliability analysis tool, should be used in parallel with the fuzzy arithmetic approach to reduce the uncertainties involved in the estimation of human error probabilities, and hence, to reduce the likelihood of incorrect risks estimates being assessed. The results suggested that the commonly applied approach in quantitative risk assessments, which only consider equipment failures in the failure frequency estimations, are clearly an underestimate of the potential causes of failures leading to hazardous material releases, and hence, the calculated risks based do not reflect the actual risks. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2009","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49393353,"asset_id":5222972,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":7124227,"first_name":"noor","last_name":"sulaiman","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"noorsulaiman","display_name":"noor sulaiman","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/noorsulaiman?f_ri=50711","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":72,"name":"Chemical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Engineering?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":3169,"name":"Railway Transport","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Railway_Transport?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":6818,"name":"Malaysia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaysia?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":10182,"name":"Fuzzy Sets","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fuzzy_Sets?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":12061,"name":"Risk Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Management?f_ri=50711"},{"id":16664,"name":"Risk assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_assessment?f_ri=50711"},{"id":27404,"name":"Risk Assessment \u0026 Risk Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Assessment_and_Risk_Management?f_ri=50711"},{"id":35317,"name":"Process Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Process_Safety?f_ri=50711"},{"id":40815,"name":"Cost Estimation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cost_Estimation?f_ri=50711"},{"id":43364,"name":"Medical errors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_errors?f_ri=50711"},{"id":45676,"name":"Failure Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Failure_Analysis?f_ri=50711"},{"id":50711,"name":"Risk Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Analysis?f_ri=50711"},{"id":59918,"name":"Quality Assurance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quality_Assurance?f_ri=50711"},{"id":69531,"name":"Risk Perception","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Perception?f_ri=50711"},{"id":96047,"name":"Case Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Case_Study?f_ri=50711"},{"id":109714,"name":"Adverse Events","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adverse_Events?f_ri=50711"},{"id":110516,"name":"Large scale systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Large_scale_systems?f_ri=50711"},{"id":116905,"name":"Ruby on Rails","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ruby_on_Rails?f_ri=50711"},{"id":122983,"name":"Reliability 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Reduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Community_Based_Disaster_Risk_Reduction?f_ri=50711"},{"id":219724,"name":"Ammonia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ammonia?f_ri=50711"},{"id":250101,"name":"Identification Workplace Hazards at a Production Line in a Factory and Job Safety and Health Protection for Workers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Identification_Workplace_Hazards_at_a_Production_Line_in_a_Factory_and_Job_Safety_and_Health_Protect?f_ri=50711"},{"id":290552,"name":"Uncertainty analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Uncertainty_analysis?f_ri=50711"},{"id":296166,"name":"Quantitative risk assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quantitative_risk_assessment?f_ri=50711"},{"id":375860,"name":"Frequency Estimation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Frequency_Estimation?f_ri=50711"},{"id":403154,"name":"Errors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Errors?f_ri=50711"},{"id":439565,"name":"Fertilizers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fertilizers?f_ri=50711"},{"id":561137,"name":"Rail","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rail?f_ri=50711"},{"id":622589,"name":"Risk Assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Assessment-2?f_ri=50711"},{"id":629005,"name":"human Factors in Aviation Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/human_Factors_in_Aviation_Safety?f_ri=50711"},{"id":899977,"name":"PAPR Reduction Techniques","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/PAPR_Reduction_Techniques?f_ri=50711"},{"id":1121339,"name":"Transportation of Ammonia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transportation_of_Ammonia?f_ri=50711"},{"id":1126179,"name":"Failure Frequency","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Failure_Frequency?f_ri=50711"},{"id":1126183,"name":"Chemical Companies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Companies?f_ri=50711"},{"id":1126184,"name":"Engineering Evaluations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering_Evaluations?f_ri=50711"},{"id":1126185,"name":"Equipment Failures","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Equipment_Failures?f_ri=50711"},{"id":1126186,"name":"Fuzzy Arithmetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fuzzy_Arithmetics?f_ri=50711"},{"id":1126187,"name":"Human Error Assessments","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Error_Assessments?f_ri=50711"},{"id":1126188,"name":"Human Error Probabilities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Error_Probabilities?f_ri=50711"},{"id":1126189,"name":"Human Reliability Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Reliability_Analysis?f_ri=50711"},{"id":1126191,"name":"Petronas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Petronas?f_ri=50711"},{"id":1126192,"name":"Quantitative Estimates","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quantitative_Estimates?f_ri=50711"},{"id":1167704,"name":"Frequency Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Frequency_Analysis?f_ri=50711"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_28585039" data-work_id="28585039" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28585039/Modeling_human_interindividual_variability_in_metabolism_and_risk_The_example_of_4_aminobiphenyl">Modeling human interindividual variability in metabolism and risk: The example of 4-aminobiphenyl</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/28585039" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e3b2df420da68475bacf24d6187fc5c3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48945789,"asset_id":28585039,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" 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general practitioners to heavy drinkers to reduce their excessive alcohol consumption (35 U or more a week for men, 21 U or more for women).</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7429106" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e49a71dbda61d79abc5c2dc65140e694" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48477748,"asset_id":7429106,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" 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practitioner","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/General_practitioner?f_ri=50711"},{"id":475235,"name":"BMJ","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/BMJ?f_ri=50711"},{"id":489727,"name":"Prognosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prognosis?f_ri=50711"},{"id":1457067,"name":"Questionnaire Survey","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Questionnaire_Survey?f_ri=50711"},{"id":1631043,"name":"Control Group","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Control_Group?f_ri=50711"},{"id":2463495,"name":"Random Allocation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Random_Allocation?f_ri=50711"},{"id":2463778,"name":"Clinical Trials as Topic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Trials_as_Topic?f_ri=50711"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_10689523" data-work_id="10689523" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10689523/Studies_of_Mortality_of_Atomic_Bomb_Survivors_Report_13_Solid_Cancer_and_Noncancer_Disease_Mortality_1950_1997">Studies of Mortality of Atomic Bomb Survivors. Report 13: Solid Cancer and Noncancer Disease Mortality: 1950–1997</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This is the 14th report in a series of periodic general reports on mortality in the Life Span Study (LSS) cohort of atomic bomb survivors followed by the Radiation Effects Research Foundation to investigate the late health effects of the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_10689523" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This is the 14th report in a series of periodic general reports on mortality in the Life Span Study (LSS) cohort of atomic bomb survivors followed by the Radiation Effects Research Foundation to investigate the late health effects of the radiation from the atomic bombs. During the period 1950-2003, 58% of the 86,611 LSS cohort members with DS02 dose estimates have died. The 6 years of additional follow-up since the previous report provide substantially more information at longer periods after radiation exposure (17% more cancer deaths), especially among those under age 10 at exposure (58% more deaths). Poisson regression methods were used to investigate the magnitude of the radiation-associated risks, the shape of the dose response, and effect modification by gender, age at exposure, and attained age. The risk of all causes of death was positively associated with radiation dose. Importantly, for solid cancers the additive radiation risk (i.e., excess cancer cases per 10 4 person-years per Gy) continues to increase throughout life with a linear dose-response relationship. The sex-averaged excess relative risk per Gy was 0.42 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.32, 0.53] for all solid cancer at age 70 years after exposure at age 30 based on a linear model. The risk increased by about 29% per decade decrease in age at exposure (95% CI: 17%, 41%). The estimated lowest dose range with a significant ERR for all solid cancer was 0 to 0.20 Gy, and a formal dose-threshold analysis indicated no threshold; i.e., zero dose was the best estimate of the threshold. The risk of cancer mortality increased significantly for most major sites, including stomach, lung, liver, colon, breast, gallbladder, esophagus, bladder and ovary, whereas rectum, pancreas, uterus, prostate and kidney parenchyma did not have significantly increased risks. An increased risk of non-neoplastic diseases including the circulatory, respiratory and digestive systems was observed, but whether these are causal relationships requires further investigation. There was no evidence of a radiation effect for infectious or external causes of death.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/10689523" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d07e83042c81d258a06407c24efe9231" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47202757,"asset_id":10689523,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47202757/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDk4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="26087422" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DonaldPierce">Donald Pierce</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="26087422" type="text/json">{"id":26087422,"first_name":"Donald","last_name":"Pierce","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DonaldPierce","display_name":"Donald Pierce","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DonaldPierce?f_ri=50711","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_10689523 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="10689523"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 10689523, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_10689523", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_10689523 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10689523; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_10689523"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_10689523 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="10689523"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10689523; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=10689523]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_10689523").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_10689523").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="10689523"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">35</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1328" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation">Radiation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1328" type="text/json">{"id":1328,"name":"Radiation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4507" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nuclear_Weapons">Nuclear Weapons</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4507" type="text/json">{"id":4507,"name":"Nuclear Weapons","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nuclear_Weapons?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6177" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modeling">Modeling</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6177" type="text/json">{"id":6177,"name":"Modeling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modeling?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8207" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk">Risk</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="8207" type="text/json">{"id":8207,"name":"Risk","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=10689523]'), work: {"id":10689523,"title":"Studies of Mortality of Atomic Bomb Survivors. Report 13: Solid Cancer and Noncancer Disease Mortality: 1950–1997","created_at":"2015-02-10T17:36:27.436-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/10689523/Studies_of_Mortality_of_Atomic_Bomb_Survivors_Report_13_Solid_Cancer_and_Noncancer_Disease_Mortality_1950_1997?f_ri=50711","dom_id":"work_10689523","summary":"This is the 14th report in a series of periodic general reports on mortality in the Life Span Study (LSS) cohort of atomic bomb survivors followed by the Radiation Effects Research Foundation to investigate the late health effects of the radiation from the atomic bombs. During the period 1950-2003, 58% of the 86,611 LSS cohort members with DS02 dose estimates have died. The 6 years of additional follow-up since the previous report provide substantially more information at longer periods after radiation exposure (17% more cancer deaths), especially among those under age 10 at exposure (58% more deaths). Poisson regression methods were used to investigate the magnitude of the radiation-associated risks, the shape of the dose response, and effect modification by gender, age at exposure, and attained age. The risk of all causes of death was positively associated with radiation dose. Importantly, for solid cancers the additive radiation risk (i.e., excess cancer cases per 10 4 person-years per Gy) continues to increase throughout life with a linear dose-response relationship. The sex-averaged excess relative risk per Gy was 0.42 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.32, 0.53] for all solid cancer at age 70 years after exposure at age 30 based on a linear model. The risk increased by about 29% per decade decrease in age at exposure (95% CI: 17%, 41%). The estimated lowest dose range with a significant ERR for all solid cancer was 0 to 0.20 Gy, and a formal dose-threshold analysis indicated no threshold; i.e., zero dose was the best estimate of the threshold. The risk of cancer mortality increased significantly for most major sites, including stomach, lung, liver, colon, breast, gallbladder, esophagus, bladder and ovary, whereas rectum, pancreas, uterus, prostate and kidney parenchyma did not have significantly increased risks. An increased risk of non-neoplastic diseases including the circulatory, respiratory and digestive systems was observed, but whether these are causal relationships requires further investigation. There was no evidence of a radiation effect for infectious or external causes of death.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47202757,"asset_id":10689523,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":26087422,"first_name":"Donald","last_name":"Pierce","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DonaldPierce","display_name":"Donald Pierce","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DonaldPierce?f_ri=50711","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1328,"name":"Radiation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":4507,"name":"Nuclear Weapons","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nuclear_Weapons?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":6177,"name":"Modeling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modeling?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":8207,"name":"Risk","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":10610,"name":"Survival Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Survival_Analysis?f_ri=50711"},{"id":14109,"name":"Leukemia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Leukemia?f_ri=50711"},{"id":16664,"name":"Risk assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_assessment?f_ri=50711"},{"id":17158,"name":"Japan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Japan?f_ri=50711"},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=50711"},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=50711"},{"id":50711,"name":"Risk Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Analysis?f_ri=50711"},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=50711"},{"id":82641,"name":"Survivors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Survivors?f_ri=50711"},{"id":106145,"name":"Classification","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classification?f_ri=50711"},{"id":118582,"name":"Physical sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physical_sciences?f_ri=50711"},{"id":131185,"name":"Cohort Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cohort_Study?f_ri=50711"},{"id":133057,"name":"Young Adult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Young_Adult?f_ri=50711"},{"id":134346,"name":"Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant?f_ri=50711"},{"id":137516,"name":"Follow-up studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Follow-up_studies?f_ri=50711"},{"id":192721,"name":"Risk factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_factors?f_ri=50711"},{"id":212758,"name":"Trend Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trend_Analysis?f_ri=50711"},{"id":253560,"name":"Newborn Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Newborn_Infant?f_ri=50711"},{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=50711"},{"id":335365,"name":"Radiometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiometry?f_ri=50711"},{"id":389506,"name":"Radiation Dose","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Dose?f_ri=50711"},{"id":413192,"name":"Sex Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sex_Factors?f_ri=50711"},{"id":413195,"name":"Time Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Time_Factors?f_ri=50711"},{"id":537657,"name":"Radioactive contamination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radioactive_contamination?f_ri=50711"},{"id":546419,"name":"Age Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Age_Factors?f_ri=50711"},{"id":620049,"name":"Risk Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Factors-1?f_ri=50711"},{"id":622589,"name":"Risk Assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Assessment-2?f_ri=50711"},{"id":1272981,"name":"Proportional Hazards Models","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Proportional_Hazards_Models?f_ri=50711"},{"id":1512198,"name":"Nuclear Warfare","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nuclear_Warfare?f_ri=50711"},{"id":1819400,"name":"Cohort Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cohort_Studies?f_ri=50711"},{"id":2489700,"name":"Child preschool","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_preschool?f_ri=50711"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_11488107" data-work_id="11488107" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11488107/Effects_of_the_Chernobyl_Accident_on_Public_Perceptions_of_Nuclear_Plant_Accident_Risks">Effects of the Chernobyl Accident on Public Perceptions of Nuclear Plant Accident Risks</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Assessments of public perceptions of the characteristics of a nuclear power plant accident and affective responses to its likelihood were conducted 5 months before and 1 month after the Chernobyl accident. Analyses of data from 69... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_11488107" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Assessments of public perceptions of the characteristics of a nuclear power plant accident and affective responses to its likelihood were conducted 5 months before and 1 month after the Chernobyl accident. Analyses of data from 69 residents of southwestern Washington showed significant test-retest correlations for only 10 of 18 variables-accident likelihood, three measures of impact characteristics, three measures of affective reactions, and hazard knowledge by governmental sources. Of these variables, only two had significant changes in mean ratings; frequency of thought and frequency of discussion about a nearby nuclear power plant both increased. While there were significant changes only for two personal consequences (expectations of cancer and genetic effects), both of these decreased. The results of this study indicate that more attention should be given to assessing the stability of risk perceptions over time. Moreover, the data demonstrate that experience with a major accident can actually decrease rather than increase perceptions of threat.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11488107" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f54e8c88f03c5043202e3342c5ec4f9f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46675739,"asset_id":11488107,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46675739/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDk4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="27984579" href="https://washington.academia.edu/MichaelLindell">Michael Lindell</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="27984579" type="text/json">{"id":27984579,"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Lindell","domain_name":"washington","page_name":"MichaelLindell","display_name":"Michael Lindell","profile_url":"https://washington.academia.edu/MichaelLindell?f_ri=50711","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_11488107 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="11488107"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11488107, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_11488107", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_11488107 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11488107; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_11488107"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_11488107 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="11488107"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 11488107; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11488107]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_11488107").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_11488107").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="11488107"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="156" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics">Genetics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="156" type="text/json">{"id":156,"name":"Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1116" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Opinion">Public Opinion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1116" type="text/json">{"id":1116,"name":"Public Opinion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Opinion?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14238" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Survey_Research">Survey Research</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14238" type="text/json">{"id":14238,"name":"Survey Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Survey_Research?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16664" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_assessment">Risk assessment</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="16664" type="text/json">{"id":16664,"name":"Risk assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_assessment?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=11488107]'), work: {"id":11488107,"title":"Effects of the Chernobyl Accident on Public Perceptions of Nuclear Plant Accident Risks","created_at":"2015-03-17T09:32:22.309-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/11488107/Effects_of_the_Chernobyl_Accident_on_Public_Perceptions_of_Nuclear_Plant_Accident_Risks?f_ri=50711","dom_id":"work_11488107","summary":"Assessments of public perceptions of the characteristics of a nuclear power plant accident and affective responses to its likelihood were conducted 5 months before and 1 month after the Chernobyl accident. Analyses of data from 69 residents of southwestern Washington showed significant test-retest correlations for only 10 of 18 variables-accident likelihood, three measures of impact characteristics, three measures of affective reactions, and hazard knowledge by governmental sources. Of these variables, only two had significant changes in mean ratings; frequency of thought and frequency of discussion about a nearby nuclear power plant both increased. While there were significant changes only for two personal consequences (expectations of cancer and genetic effects), both of these decreased. The results of this study indicate that more attention should be given to assessing the stability of risk perceptions over time. Moreover, the data demonstrate that experience with a major accident can actually decrease rather than increase perceptions of threat.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46675739,"asset_id":11488107,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":27984579,"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Lindell","domain_name":"washington","page_name":"MichaelLindell","display_name":"Michael Lindell","profile_url":"https://washington.academia.edu/MichaelLindell?f_ri=50711","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":156,"name":"Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":1116,"name":"Public Opinion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Opinion?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":14238,"name":"Survey Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Survey_Research?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":16664,"name":"Risk assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_assessment?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=50711"},{"id":50711,"name":"Risk Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Analysis?f_ri=50711"},{"id":69531,"name":"Risk Perception","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Perception?f_ri=50711"},{"id":622589,"name":"Risk Assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Assessment-2?f_ri=50711"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13831127 coauthored" data-work_id="13831127" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13831127/Outcome_after_esophagectomy_for_cancer_of_the_esophagus_and_GEJ_in_patients_aged_over_75_years_">Outcome after esophagectomy for cancer of the esophagus and GEJ in patients aged over 75 years☆</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Objective: Though the surgical treatment of esophageal cancer is increasingly accepted for elderly people defined as aged over 70 years, less is reported about the results in patients over 75. This study is a single institution... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13831127" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Objective: Though the surgical treatment of esophageal cancer is increasingly accepted for elderly people defined as aged over 70 years, less is reported about the results in patients over 75. This study is a single institution retrospective analysis of outcome after esophagectomy for cancer of the esophagus and GEJ in patients aged over 75 years. Methods: All consecutive patients 76 years old and over undergoing curative esophagectomy for cancer in the period 1991-2006 were analyzed as to comorbidities, outcome and long-term survival. All the data had been prospectively collected in a database. Postoperative mortality risk was assessed by P-POSSUM and O-POSSUM score for in-hospital mortality and by the recently published Steyerberg's score system [Steyerberg EW, Neville BA, Koppert LB, Lemmens VEPP, Tilanus HW, Coebergh JWW, Weeks JC, Earle CC. Surgical mortality in patients with esophageal cancer: development and validation of a simple risk score. J Clin Oncol 2006;24:4277-84.] for 30-day mortality. Five-year survival was compared to the standardized survival in the general population. Results: One hundred and eight patients fulfilling the abovementioned criteria were found (76 males and 32 females, mean age 79.5 years, mean standardized life-expectancy: 7.36 years). Among them, 69% had esophageal tumors and 31% GEJ tumors. The predominant histology was adenocarcinoma (74%). Eighty-six (79.6%) presented with one or more major comorbidities or a history of previous major upper-GI surgery, potentially affecting the surgical outcome. All underwent resection with curative intent (R 0 83.3%, R 1 12%, R 2 4.6%). The overall postoperative morbidity rate was 51.9%, pulmonary complications (37%) being the most frequent. Postoperative mortality, mainly due to cardiopulmonary complications, was 7.4%, which was consistent with that predicted by P-POSSUM score (7.2%) and lower than that predicted by O-POSSUM score (15.1%). Thirty-day mortality was 5.5%, being consistent with that predicted by the Steyerberg's score (6.8%). Overall 5-year survival was 35.7%, while R 0 overall survival 42% and cancer specific R 0 survival 51.7%. Conclusions: Patients 76 years old and over with esophageal or GEJ cancer should not be denied surgery solely on the basis of age. Outcome and long-term results in the selected elderly are not differing from those reported for younger patients. However, despite thorough preoperative assessment being applied in the selection of the candidates for surgery, a practical and reliable individual riskanalysis stratification is still lacking. #</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13831127" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5862e2199c2ad1ccd6de96a9f6026b0c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44902008,"asset_id":13831127,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44902008/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDk4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32925132" href="https://kuleuven.academia.edu/PaulLeyn">Paul Leyn</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32925132" type="text/json">{"id":32925132,"first_name":"Paul","last_name":"Leyn","domain_name":"kuleuven","page_name":"PaulLeyn","display_name":"Paul Leyn","profile_url":"https://kuleuven.academia.edu/PaulLeyn?f_ri=50711","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-13831127">+2</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-13831127"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/PhilippeNafteux">Philippe Nafteux</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JMoons">J. Moons</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-13831127'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-13831127').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13831127 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13831127"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13831127, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13831127", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_13831127 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13831127; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_13831127"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_13831127 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="13831127"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13831127; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13831127]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_13831127").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_13831127").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13831127"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">16</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12426" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment_Outcome">Treatment Outcome</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12426" type="text/json">{"id":12426,"name":"Treatment Outcome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment_Outcome?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="25436" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stratification">Stratification</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="25436" type="text/json">{"id":25436,"name":"Stratification","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stratification?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="50711" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Analysis">Risk Analysis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="50711" type="text/json">{"id":50711,"name":"Risk Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Analysis?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="88908" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elderly_People">Elderly People</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="88908" type="text/json">{"id":88908,"name":"Elderly People","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elderly_People?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13831127]'), work: {"id":13831127,"title":"Outcome after esophagectomy for cancer of the esophagus and GEJ in patients aged over 75 years☆","created_at":"2015-07-09T01:23:47.268-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13831127/Outcome_after_esophagectomy_for_cancer_of_the_esophagus_and_GEJ_in_patients_aged_over_75_years_?f_ri=50711","dom_id":"work_13831127","summary":"Objective: Though the surgical treatment of esophageal cancer is increasingly accepted for elderly people defined as aged over 70 years, less is reported about the results in patients over 75. This study is a single institution retrospective analysis of outcome after esophagectomy for cancer of the esophagus and GEJ in patients aged over 75 years. Methods: All consecutive patients 76 years old and over undergoing curative esophagectomy for cancer in the period 1991-2006 were analyzed as to comorbidities, outcome and long-term survival. All the data had been prospectively collected in a database. Postoperative mortality risk was assessed by P-POSSUM and O-POSSUM score for in-hospital mortality and by the recently published Steyerberg's score system [Steyerberg EW, Neville BA, Koppert LB, Lemmens VEPP, Tilanus HW, Coebergh JWW, Weeks JC, Earle CC. Surgical mortality in patients with esophageal cancer: development and validation of a simple risk score. J Clin Oncol 2006;24:4277-84.] for 30-day mortality. Five-year survival was compared to the standardized survival in the general population. Results: One hundred and eight patients fulfilling the abovementioned criteria were found (76 males and 32 females, mean age 79.5 years, mean standardized life-expectancy: 7.36 years). Among them, 69% had esophageal tumors and 31% GEJ tumors. The predominant histology was adenocarcinoma (74%). Eighty-six (79.6%) presented with one or more major comorbidities or a history of previous major upper-GI surgery, potentially affecting the surgical outcome. All underwent resection with curative intent (R 0 83.3%, R 1 12%, R 2 4.6%). The overall postoperative morbidity rate was 51.9%, pulmonary complications (37%) being the most frequent. Postoperative mortality, mainly due to cardiopulmonary complications, was 7.4%, which was consistent with that predicted by P-POSSUM score (7.2%) and lower than that predicted by O-POSSUM score (15.1%). Thirty-day mortality was 5.5%, being consistent with that predicted by the Steyerberg's score (6.8%). Overall 5-year survival was 35.7%, while R 0 overall survival 42% and cancer specific R 0 survival 51.7%. Conclusions: Patients 76 years old and over with esophageal or GEJ cancer should not be denied surgery solely on the basis of age. Outcome and long-term results in the selected elderly are not differing from those reported for younger patients. However, despite thorough preoperative assessment being applied in the selection of the candidates for surgery, a practical and reliable individual riskanalysis stratification is still lacking. #","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44902008,"asset_id":13831127,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32925132,"first_name":"Paul","last_name":"Leyn","domain_name":"kuleuven","page_name":"PaulLeyn","display_name":"Paul Leyn","profile_url":"https://kuleuven.academia.edu/PaulLeyn?f_ri=50711","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":32962353,"first_name":"Philippe","last_name":"Nafteux","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PhilippeNafteux","display_name":"Philippe Nafteux","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PhilippeNafteux?f_ri=50711","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":32979854,"first_name":"J.","last_name":"Moons","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JMoons","display_name":"J. 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The sample consisted of 428 nuclear power plant... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_15037083" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This study examined to what extent nuclear risk perceptions, organizational commitment (OC), and appraisals of management are associated with each other among nuclear power plant personnel. The sample consisted of 428 nuclear power plant workers who completed a questionnaire at their workplace. Perceived nuclear risk and OC were most closely related to the appraisals of the top management of the organization. As the trust in and satisfaction with the top management increased, perceived nuclear safety and acceptance of the organizational goals and values heightened. This result is discussed in the context of industrial safety management.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/15037083" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a13b7834bff2f34404d6ca86de8f7dfe" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43641435,"asset_id":15037083,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43641435/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDk4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="34052852" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RaijaKalimo">Raija Kalimo</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="34052852" type="text/json">{"id":34052852,"first_name":"Raija","last_name":"Kalimo","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RaijaKalimo","display_name":"Raija Kalimo","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RaijaKalimo?f_ri=50711","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_15037083 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="15037083"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 15037083, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_15037083", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=15037083]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_15037083").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_15037083").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="15037083"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1116" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Opinion">Public Opinion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1116" type="text/json">{"id":1116,"name":"Public Opinion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Opinion?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8171" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organizational_Commitment">Organizational Commitment</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8171" type="text/json">{"id":8171,"name":"Organizational Commitment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organizational_Commitment?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="50711" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Analysis">Risk Analysis</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="50711" type="text/json">{"id":50711,"name":"Risk Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Analysis?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=15037083]'), work: {"id":15037083,"title":"Perceived Nuclear Risk, Organizational Commitment, and Appraisals of Management: A Study of Nuclear Power Plant Personnel","created_at":"2015-08-19T11:47:23.174-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/15037083/Perceived_Nuclear_Risk_Organizational_Commitment_and_Appraisals_of_Management_A_Study_of_Nuclear_Power_Plant_Personnel?f_ri=50711","dom_id":"work_15037083","summary":"This study examined to what extent nuclear risk perceptions, organizational commitment (OC), and appraisals of management are associated with each other among nuclear power plant personnel. The sample consisted of 428 nuclear power plant workers who completed a questionnaire at their workplace. Perceived nuclear risk and OC were most closely related to the appraisals of the top management of the organization. As the trust in and satisfaction with the top management increased, perceived nuclear safety and acceptance of the organizational goals and values heightened. This result is discussed in the context of industrial safety management.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":43641435,"asset_id":15037083,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":34052852,"first_name":"Raija","last_name":"Kalimo","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RaijaKalimo","display_name":"Raija Kalimo","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RaijaKalimo?f_ri=50711","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1116,"name":"Public Opinion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Opinion?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":8171,"name":"Organizational Commitment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organizational_Commitment?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":50711,"name":"Risk Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Analysis?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":69531,"name":"Risk Perception","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Perception?f_ri=50711"},{"id":163028,"name":"Personnel Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Personnel_Management?f_ri=50711"},{"id":289315,"name":"Safety Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Safety_Management?f_ri=50711"},{"id":1214122,"name":"Nuclear Power Plant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nuclear_Power_Plant?f_ri=50711"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_21054431" data-work_id="21054431" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/21054431/Response_to_Cox_Letter_Miscommunicating_Risk_Uncertainty_and_Causation_Fine_Particulate_Air_Pollution_and_Mortality_Risk_as_an_Example_">Response to Cox Letter: “Miscommunicating Risk, Uncertainty, and Causation: Fine Particulate Air Pollution and Mortality Risk as an Example”</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/21054431" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="cbc399a0bd517d7ba9164ea1e16e0f65" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41692065,"asset_id":21054431,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41692065/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDk4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="42276680" href="https://ncsu.academia.edu/BryanHubbell">Bryan Hubbell</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="42276680" type="text/json">{"id":42276680,"first_name":"Bryan","last_name":"Hubbell","domain_name":"ncsu","page_name":"BryanHubbell","display_name":"Bryan Hubbell","profile_url":"https://ncsu.academia.edu/BryanHubbell?f_ri=50711","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_21054431 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="21054431"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 21054431, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_21054431", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_21054431 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21054431; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_21054431"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_21054431 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="21054431"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21054431; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=21054431]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_21054431").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_21054431").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="21054431"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="50711" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Analysis">Risk Analysis</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="50711" type="text/json">{"id":50711,"name":"Risk Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Analysis?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=21054431]'), work: {"id":21054431,"title":"Response to Cox Letter: “Miscommunicating Risk, Uncertainty, and Causation: Fine Particulate Air Pollution and Mortality Risk as an Example”","created_at":"2016-01-28T08:23:54.130-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/21054431/Response_to_Cox_Letter_Miscommunicating_Risk_Uncertainty_and_Causation_Fine_Particulate_Air_Pollution_and_Mortality_Risk_as_an_Example_?f_ri=50711","dom_id":"work_21054431","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":41692065,"asset_id":21054431,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":42276680,"first_name":"Bryan","last_name":"Hubbell","domain_name":"ncsu","page_name":"BryanHubbell","display_name":"Bryan Hubbell","profile_url":"https://ncsu.academia.edu/BryanHubbell?f_ri=50711","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":50711,"name":"Risk Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Analysis?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_20834207" data-work_id="20834207" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/20834207/Implementation_of_ALARA_radiation_protection_on_the_ISS_through_polyethylene_shielding_augmentation_of_the_Service_Module_Crew_Quarters">Implementation of ALARA radiation protection on the ISS through polyethylene shielding augmentation of the Service Module Crew Quarters</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">With 5-7 month long duration missions at 51.6°inclination in Low Earth Orbit, the ionizing radiation levels to which International Space Station (ISS) crewmembers are exposed will be the highest planned occupational exposures in the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_20834207" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">With 5-7 month long duration missions at 51.6°inclination in Low Earth Orbit, the ionizing radiation levels to which International Space Station (ISS) crewmembers are exposed will be the highest planned occupational exposures in the world. Even with the expectation that regulatory dose limits will not be exceeded during a single tour of duty aboard the ISS, the ''as low as reasonably achievable'' (ALARA) precept requires that radiological risks be minimized when possible through a dose optimization process. Judicious placement of efficient shielding materials in locations where crewmembers sleep, rest, or work is an important means for implementing ALARA for spaceflight. Polyethylene (C n H n ) is a relatively inexpensive, stable, and, with a low atomic number, an effective shielding material that has been certified for use aboard the ISS. Several designs for placement of slabs or walls of polyethylene have been evaluated for radiation exposure reduction in the Crew Quarters (CQ) of the Zvezda (Star) Service Module. Optimization of shield designs relies on accurate characterization of the expected primary and secondary particle environment and modeling of the predicted radiobiological responses of critical organs and tissues. Results of the studies shown herein indicate that 20% or more reduction in equivalent dose to the CQ occupant is achievable. These results suggest that shielding design and risk analysis are necessary measures for reducing long-term radiological risks to ISS inhabitants and for meeting legal ALARA requirements. Verification of shield concepts requires results from specific designs to be compared with onboard dosimetry.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/20834207" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="88b1defb59dba690dec9263f21a101c8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41588127,"asset_id":20834207,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41588127/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDk4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="42134060" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MarkShavers">Mark Shavers</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="42134060" type="text/json">{"id":42134060,"first_name":"Mark","last_name":"Shavers","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MarkShavers","display_name":"Mark Shavers","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MarkShavers?f_ri=50711","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_20834207 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="20834207"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 20834207, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_20834207", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_20834207 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 20834207; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_20834207"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_20834207 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="20834207"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 20834207; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=20834207]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_20834207").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_20834207").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="20834207"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="60" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanical_Engineering">Mechanical Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="60" type="text/json">{"id":60,"name":"Mechanical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanical_Engineering?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="88" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aerospace_Engineering">Aerospace Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="88" type="text/json">{"id":88,"name":"Aerospace Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aerospace_Engineering?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8207" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk">Risk</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8207" type="text/json">{"id":8207,"name":"Risk","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10032" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Protection">Radiation Protection</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="10032" type="text/json">{"id":10032,"name":"Radiation Protection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Protection?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=20834207]'), work: {"id":20834207,"title":"Implementation of ALARA radiation protection on the ISS through polyethylene shielding augmentation of the Service Module Crew Quarters","created_at":"2016-01-26T06:50:41.644-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/20834207/Implementation_of_ALARA_radiation_protection_on_the_ISS_through_polyethylene_shielding_augmentation_of_the_Service_Module_Crew_Quarters?f_ri=50711","dom_id":"work_20834207","summary":"With 5-7 month long duration missions at 51.6°inclination in Low Earth Orbit, the ionizing radiation levels to which International Space Station (ISS) crewmembers are exposed will be the highest planned occupational exposures in the world. Even with the expectation that regulatory dose limits will not be exceeded during a single tour of duty aboard the ISS, the ''as low as reasonably achievable'' (ALARA) precept requires that radiological risks be minimized when possible through a dose optimization process. Judicious placement of efficient shielding materials in locations where crewmembers sleep, rest, or work is an important means for implementing ALARA for spaceflight. Polyethylene (C n H n ) is a relatively inexpensive, stable, and, with a low atomic number, an effective shielding material that has been certified for use aboard the ISS. Several designs for placement of slabs or walls of polyethylene have been evaluated for radiation exposure reduction in the Crew Quarters (CQ) of the Zvezda (Star) Service Module. Optimization of shield designs relies on accurate characterization of the expected primary and secondary particle environment and modeling of the predicted radiobiological responses of critical organs and tissues. Results of the studies shown herein indicate that 20% or more reduction in equivalent dose to the CQ occupant is achievable. These results suggest that shielding design and risk analysis are necessary measures for reducing long-term radiological risks to ISS inhabitants and for meeting legal ALARA requirements. Verification of shield concepts requires results from specific designs to be compared with onboard dosimetry.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":41588127,"asset_id":20834207,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":42134060,"first_name":"Mark","last_name":"Shavers","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MarkShavers","display_name":"Mark Shavers","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MarkShavers?f_ri=50711","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":60,"name":"Mechanical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanical_Engineering?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":88,"name":"Aerospace Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aerospace_Engineering?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":8207,"name":"Risk","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":10032,"name":"Radiation Protection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Protection?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":29487,"name":"Space","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Space?f_ri=50711"},{"id":50711,"name":"Risk Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Analysis?f_ri=50711"},{"id":66244,"name":"Space flight","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Space_flight?f_ri=50711"},{"id":98134,"name":"United States","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/United_States?f_ri=50711"},{"id":168694,"name":"Polyethylene","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polyethylene?f_ri=50711"},{"id":260003,"name":"ASTRONAUTS","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ASTRONAUTS?f_ri=50711"},{"id":375050,"name":"Radiation Exposure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Exposure?f_ri=50711"},{"id":396914,"name":"Occupational Exposure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Occupational_Exposure?f_ri=50711"},{"id":578094,"name":"International space station","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_space_station?f_ri=50711"},{"id":741173,"name":"Low Earth Orbit","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Low_Earth_Orbit?f_ri=50711"},{"id":764258,"name":"Ionizing Radiation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ionizing_Radiation?f_ri=50711"},{"id":820041,"name":"Spacecraft","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spacecraft?f_ri=50711"},{"id":984615,"name":"Cosmic Radiation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cosmic_Radiation?f_ri=50711"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_68653103" data-work_id="68653103" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/68653103/Risk_Based_Inspection_and_Maintenance_RBIM_">Risk-Based Inspection and Maintenance (RBIM)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">he increasing complexity of oil and gas installations and operations, along with growing public awareness to ensure higher levels of safety, has put great pressure on the designers and operators to find innovative solutions to ensure safe... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_68653103" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">he increasing complexity of oil and gas installations and operations, along with growing public awareness to ensure higher levels of safety, has put great pressure on the designers and operators to find innovative solutions to ensure safe as well as economically viable operation. Risk-based inspection and maintenance helps in finding such solutions and thus in gaining more importance in the industries. A wide range of methodologies currently in use for risk-based inspection includes commercial and in-house software packages (specific to individual plants). The techniques with software produce very different results, raising serious concerns. A recent benchmarking study conducted by the British Health and Safety Laboratory has confirmed the lack of a coherent approach as well as wide variation in the results of the case studies conducted by different agencies. Here, we present a simple and structured risk-based inspection and maintenance methodology that can bridge this gap. The proposed methodology uses fuzzy logic to estimate risk by combining (fuzzy) likelihood of occurrence of and its (fuzzy) consequence. The methodology is based on aggregative risk analysis and multi-attribute decision-making. Application and effectiveness of the proposed methodology is demonstrated using four case studies conducted earlier by different agencies. The results obtained are fairly consistent with little variation and the sensitivity of the proposed method is also discussed in the paper.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/68653103" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="098bce21dfe718587da9061e6775456c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":79060708,"asset_id":68653103,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/79060708/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDk4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="208188006" href="https://independent.academia.edu/FaisalKhan1060">Faisal Khan</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="208188006" type="text/json">{"id":208188006,"first_name":"Faisal","last_name":"Khan","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FaisalKhan1060","display_name":"Faisal Khan","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FaisalKhan1060?f_ri=50711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/208188006/68247711/56626354/s65_faisal.khan.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_68653103 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="68653103"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 68653103, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_68653103", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_68653103 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 68653103; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_68653103"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_68653103 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="68653103"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 68653103; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=68653103]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_68653103").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_68653103").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="68653103"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering">Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="48" type="text/json">{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="72" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Engineering">Chemical Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="72" type="text/json">{"id":72,"name":"Chemical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Engineering?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="31900" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fuzzy">Fuzzy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="31900" type="text/json">{"id":31900,"name":"Fuzzy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fuzzy?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="50711" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Analysis">Risk Analysis</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="50711" type="text/json">{"id":50711,"name":"Risk Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Analysis?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=68653103]'), work: {"id":68653103,"title":"Risk-Based Inspection and Maintenance (RBIM)","created_at":"2022-01-18T23:05:35.126-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/68653103/Risk_Based_Inspection_and_Maintenance_RBIM_?f_ri=50711","dom_id":"work_68653103","summary":"he increasing complexity of oil and gas installations and operations, along with growing public awareness to ensure higher levels of safety, has put great pressure on the designers and operators to find innovative solutions to ensure safe as well as economically viable operation. Risk-based inspection and maintenance helps in finding such solutions and thus in gaining more importance in the industries. A wide range of methodologies currently in use for risk-based inspection includes commercial and in-house software packages (specific to individual plants). The techniques with software produce very different results, raising serious concerns. A recent benchmarking study conducted by the British Health and Safety Laboratory has confirmed the lack of a coherent approach as well as wide variation in the results of the case studies conducted by different agencies. Here, we present a simple and structured risk-based inspection and maintenance methodology that can bridge this gap. The proposed methodology uses fuzzy logic to estimate risk by combining (fuzzy) likelihood of occurrence of and its (fuzzy) consequence. The methodology is based on aggregative risk analysis and multi-attribute decision-making. Application and effectiveness of the proposed methodology is demonstrated using four case studies conducted earlier by different agencies. The results obtained are fairly consistent with little variation and the sensitivity of the proposed method is also discussed in the paper.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":79060708,"asset_id":68653103,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":208188006,"first_name":"Faisal","last_name":"Khan","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FaisalKhan1060","display_name":"Faisal Khan","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FaisalKhan1060?f_ri=50711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/208188006/68247711/56626354/s65_faisal.khan.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":72,"name":"Chemical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Engineering?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":31900,"name":"Fuzzy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fuzzy?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":50711,"name":"Risk Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Analysis?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":1766113,"name":"Multi Attribute Decision Making","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multi_Attribute_Decision_Making?f_ri=50711"},{"id":1770098,"name":"Risk Based Inspection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Based_Inspection?f_ri=50711"},{"id":2438933,"name":"Risk Based Maintenance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Based_Maintenance?f_ri=50711"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_49293390" data-work_id="49293390" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49293390/Economic_Values_and_Implications_of_Innovation_in_the_Korean_Quarantine_System_on_Plant_Diseases_and_Pests">Economic Values and Implications of Innovation in the Korean Quarantine System on Plant Diseases and Pests</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The increase of international trade across countries and borders results in increased risks associated with the inflow of new pests and diseases. These risks are likely to be increased more rapidly due to climate change. Some countries... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_49293390" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The increase of international trade across countries and borders results in increased risks associated with the inflow of new pests and diseases. These risks are likely to be increased more rapidly due to climate change. Some countries implement strict regulations on imports to prevent these risks and protect biosecurity, food safety, and public health. However, the problems arise when the diseases and pests are found in a country where their economic structure largely depends on agricultural exports and cause ripple effects on other industries and ecosystems. Therefore, establishing an effective quarantine system is essential to protect and recover from the damage caused by non-native diseases and pests. This study's objectives are 1) analyzing the agricultural policies relate to the quarantine system on diseases and pests in Korea, 2) evaluating the Korea plant quarantine system's value, and 3) simulating plant quarantine policy strategies. We estimated the Korean quarantine system's benefits on diseases and pests to reach these objectives. The benefits are measured with a willingness to pay from respondents surveyed by the contingent valuation method (CVM). The CVM approach directly asks people how much they would willingly pay for food security. Finally, the Korean quarantine system's values are simulated with several policy scenarios and different scales of infection at the regional level. The results of this study can deliver policy implications on the quarantine system innovation in developing countries including Asia.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/49293390" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5429e491538f2877165c88724810f9b0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67676839,"asset_id":49293390,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67676839/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDk4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2869261" href="https://kict.academia.edu/MinsuSon">Minsu Son</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2869261" type="text/json">{"id":2869261,"first_name":"Minsu","last_name":"Son","domain_name":"kict","page_name":"MinsuSon","display_name":"Minsu Son","profile_url":"https://kict.academia.edu/MinsuSon?f_ri=50711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2869261/946396/47273868/s65_minsu.son.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_49293390 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="49293390"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 49293390, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_49293390", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_49293390 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49293390; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_49293390"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_49293390 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="49293390"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49293390; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49293390]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_49293390").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_49293390").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="49293390"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="49416" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Markov-chain_model">Markov-chain model</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="49416" type="text/json">{"id":49416,"name":"Markov-chain model","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Markov-chain_model?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="50711" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Analysis">Risk Analysis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="50711" type="text/json">{"id":50711,"name":"Risk Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Analysis?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="157276" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quarantine">Quarantine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="157276" type="text/json">{"id":157276,"name":"Quarantine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quarantine?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3531478" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contingent_Valuation_Method_CVM_">Contingent Valuation Method (CVM)</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3531478" type="text/json">{"id":3531478,"name":"Contingent Valuation Method (CVM)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contingent_Valuation_Method_CVM_?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=49293390]'), work: {"id":49293390,"title":"Economic Values and Implications of Innovation in the Korean Quarantine System on Plant Diseases and Pests","created_at":"2021-06-19T08:09:37.059-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/49293390/Economic_Values_and_Implications_of_Innovation_in_the_Korean_Quarantine_System_on_Plant_Diseases_and_Pests?f_ri=50711","dom_id":"work_49293390","summary":"The increase of international trade across countries and borders results in increased risks associated with the inflow of new pests and diseases. These risks are likely to be increased more rapidly due to climate change. Some countries implement strict regulations on imports to prevent these risks and protect biosecurity, food safety, and public health. However, the problems arise when the diseases and pests are found in a country where their economic structure largely depends on agricultural exports and cause ripple effects on other industries and ecosystems. Therefore, establishing an effective quarantine system is essential to protect and recover from the damage caused by non-native diseases and pests. This study's objectives are 1) analyzing the agricultural policies relate to the quarantine system on diseases and pests in Korea, 2) evaluating the Korea plant quarantine system's value, and 3) simulating plant quarantine policy strategies. We estimated the Korean quarantine system's benefits on diseases and pests to reach these objectives. The benefits are measured with a willingness to pay from respondents surveyed by the contingent valuation method (CVM). The CVM approach directly asks people how much they would willingly pay for food security. Finally, the Korean quarantine system's values are simulated with several policy scenarios and different scales of infection at the regional level. The results of this study can deliver policy implications on the quarantine system innovation in developing countries including Asia.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67676839,"asset_id":49293390,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2869261,"first_name":"Minsu","last_name":"Son","domain_name":"kict","page_name":"MinsuSon","display_name":"Minsu Son","profile_url":"https://kict.academia.edu/MinsuSon?f_ri=50711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2869261/946396/47273868/s65_minsu.son.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":49416,"name":"Markov-chain model","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Markov-chain_model?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":50711,"name":"Risk Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Analysis?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":157276,"name":"Quarantine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quarantine?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":3531478,"name":"Contingent Valuation Method (CVM)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contingent_Valuation_Method_CVM_?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_47367810" data-work_id="47367810" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/47367810/Uptake_of_inorganic_chemicals_from_soil_by_plant_leaves_Regressions_of_field_data">Uptake of inorganic chemicals from soil by plant leaves: Regressions of field data</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The estimation of chemical concentrations in wildlife foods, such as plant foliage, is often performed for risk assessments at contaminated sites. Regression models and uptake factors for use in estimating the uptake of inorganic elements... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_47367810" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The estimation of chemical concentrations in wildlife foods, such as plant foliage, is often performed for risk assessments at contaminated sites. Regression models and uptake factors for use in estimating the uptake of inorganic elements from soil by above-ground plant tissues were derived in this study. These included models for arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, mercury, nickel, selenium, and zinc. Models were developed using published data from soil contaminated in the field and were validated using measured concentrations from two contaminated sites. Single-variable regression models of log-transformed concentrations in plants versus log-transformed concentrations in soil are generally recommended over simple uptake factors for use in estimating plant uptake of inorganic contaminants in ecological risk assessments. Multiple regression models with soil concentration and pH as the variables are also recommended for estimating the uptake of four chemicals (cadmium, mercury, selenium, and zinc) by plants. Models for use in screening risk assessments, i.e., the upper 95% prediction limits on the regressions, are recommended to provide conservative estimates of uptake of inorganic chemicals by plants.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/47367810" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d67d62c11919d215f1ab8d6455e9dea6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":66497459,"asset_id":47367810,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66497459/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDk4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="146087536" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SuterGlenn">Glenn Suter</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="146087536" type="text/json">{"id":146087536,"first_name":"Glenn","last_name":"Suter","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SuterGlenn","display_name":"Glenn Suter","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SuterGlenn?f_ri=50711","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_47367810 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="47367810"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 47367810, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_47367810", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_47367810 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 47367810; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_47367810"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_47367810 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="47367810"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 47367810; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=47367810]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_47367810").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_47367810").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="47367810"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6305" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioaccumulation">Bioaccumulation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6305" type="text/json">{"id":6305,"name":"Bioaccumulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioaccumulation?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16664" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_assessment">Risk assessment</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16664" type="text/json">{"id":16664,"name":"Risk assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_assessment?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23890" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study">Comparative Study</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="23890" type="text/json">{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47477" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soil_Pollution">Soil Pollution</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="47477" type="text/json">{"id":47477,"name":"Soil Pollution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soil_Pollution?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=47367810]'), work: {"id":47367810,"title":"Uptake of inorganic chemicals from soil by plant leaves: Regressions of field data","created_at":"2021-04-21T16:45:48.459-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/47367810/Uptake_of_inorganic_chemicals_from_soil_by_plant_leaves_Regressions_of_field_data?f_ri=50711","dom_id":"work_47367810","summary":"The estimation of chemical concentrations in wildlife foods, such as plant foliage, is often performed for risk assessments at contaminated sites. Regression models and uptake factors for use in estimating the uptake of inorganic elements from soil by above-ground plant tissues were derived in this study. These included models for arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, mercury, nickel, selenium, and zinc. Models were developed using published data from soil contaminated in the field and were validated using measured concentrations from two contaminated sites. Single-variable regression models of log-transformed concentrations in plants versus log-transformed concentrations in soil are generally recommended over simple uptake factors for use in estimating plant uptake of inorganic contaminants in ecological risk assessments. Multiple regression models with soil concentration and pH as the variables are also recommended for estimating the uptake of four chemicals (cadmium, mercury, selenium, and zinc) by plants. Models for use in screening risk assessments, i.e., the upper 95% prediction limits on the regressions, are recommended to provide conservative estimates of uptake of inorganic chemicals by plants.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":66497459,"asset_id":47367810,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":146087536,"first_name":"Glenn","last_name":"Suter","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SuterGlenn","display_name":"Glenn Suter","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SuterGlenn?f_ri=50711","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6305,"name":"Bioaccumulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioaccumulation?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":16664,"name":"Risk assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_assessment?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":47477,"name":"Soil Pollution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soil_Pollution?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=50711"},{"id":50711,"name":"Risk Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Analysis?f_ri=50711"},{"id":57697,"name":"Heavy metals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heavy_metals?f_ri=50711"},{"id":58054,"name":"Environmental Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences?f_ri=50711"},{"id":84278,"name":"Ph","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ph?f_ri=50711"},{"id":123230,"name":"Regression Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regression_Analysis?f_ri=50711"},{"id":222437,"name":"Exposure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exposure?f_ri=50711"},{"id":260118,"name":"CHEMICAL SCIENCES","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CHEMICAL_SCIENCES?f_ri=50711"},{"id":343667,"name":"Theoretical Models","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theoretical_Models?f_ri=50711"},{"id":406051,"name":"Regression Model","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regression_Model?f_ri=50711"},{"id":622589,"name":"Risk Assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Assessment-2?f_ri=50711"},{"id":882010,"name":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Toxicology_and_Chemistry?f_ri=50711"},{"id":1127663,"name":"Field Data","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Field_Data?f_ri=50711"},{"id":1365470,"name":"Soil Pollutants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soil_Pollutants?f_ri=50711"},{"id":1905343,"name":"Plant Leaves","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Leaves?f_ri=50711"},{"id":3574456,"name":"Plant Leaf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Leaf?f_ri=50711"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_21515144" data-work_id="21515144" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/21515144/Quantitative_Risk_Assessment_of_the_New_York_State_Operated_West_Valley_Radioactive_Waste_Disposal_Area">Quantitative Risk Assessment of the New York State Operated West Valley Radioactive Waste Disposal Area</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Authority to support a strategy of in-place management of the disposal area for another decade. The QRA methodology adopted for this first of a kind application was a scenario-based approach in the framework of the triplet definition of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_21515144" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Authority to support a strategy of in-place management of the disposal area for another decade. The QRA methodology adopted for this first of a kind application was a scenario-based approach in the framework of the triplet definition of risk (scenarios, likelihoods, consequences). The measure of risk is the frequency of occurrence of different levels of radiation dose to humans at prescribed locations. The risk from each scenario is determined by (1) the frequency of disruptive events or natural processes that cause a release of radioactive materials from the disposal area; (2) the physical form, quantity, and radionuclide content of the material that is released during each scenario; (3) distribution, dilution, and deposition of the released materials throughout the environment surrounding the disposal area; and (4) public exposure to the distributed material and the accumulated radiation dose from that exposure. The risks of the individual scenarios are assembled into a representation of the risk from the disposal area. In addition to quantifying the total risk to the public, the analysis ranks the importance of each contributing scenario, which facilitates taking corrective actions and implementing effective risk management. Perhaps most importantly, quantification of the uncertainties is an intrinsic part of the risk results. This approach to safety analysis has demonstrated many advantages of applying QRA principles to assessing the risk of facilities involving hazardous materials.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/21515144" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="dbd35bad846ac556170ed8cc98015366" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41963942,"asset_id":21515144,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41963942/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDk4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="42610804" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JohnStetkar">John Stetkar</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="42610804" type="text/json">{"id":42610804,"first_name":"John","last_name":"Stetkar","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JohnStetkar","display_name":"John Stetkar","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JohnStetkar?f_ri=50711","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_21515144 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="21515144"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 21515144, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_21515144", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_21515144 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21515144; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_21515144"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_21515144 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="21515144"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21515144; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=21515144]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_21515144").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_21515144").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="21515144"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14085" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Waste_Management">Waste Management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14085" type="text/json">{"id":14085,"name":"Waste Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Waste_Management?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16288" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health">Public Health</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16288" type="text/json">{"id":16288,"name":"Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16664" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_assessment">Risk assessment</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16664" type="text/json">{"id":16664,"name":"Risk assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_assessment?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=21515144]'), work: {"id":21515144,"title":"Quantitative Risk Assessment of the New York State Operated West Valley Radioactive Waste Disposal Area","created_at":"2016-02-03T09:29:34.453-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/21515144/Quantitative_Risk_Assessment_of_the_New_York_State_Operated_West_Valley_Radioactive_Waste_Disposal_Area?f_ri=50711","dom_id":"work_21515144","summary":"Authority to support a strategy of in-place management of the disposal area for another decade. The QRA methodology adopted for this first of a kind application was a scenario-based approach in the framework of the triplet definition of risk (scenarios, likelihoods, consequences). The measure of risk is the frequency of occurrence of different levels of radiation dose to humans at prescribed locations. The risk from each scenario is determined by (1) the frequency of disruptive events or natural processes that cause a release of radioactive materials from the disposal area; (2) the physical form, quantity, and radionuclide content of the material that is released during each scenario; (3) distribution, dilution, and deposition of the released materials throughout the environment surrounding the disposal area; and (4) public exposure to the distributed material and the accumulated radiation dose from that exposure. The risks of the individual scenarios are assembled into a representation of the risk from the disposal area. In addition to quantifying the total risk to the public, the analysis ranks the importance of each contributing scenario, which facilitates taking corrective actions and implementing effective risk management. Perhaps most importantly, quantification of the uncertainties is an intrinsic part of the risk results. This approach to safety analysis has demonstrated many advantages of applying QRA principles to assessing the risk of facilities involving hazardous materials.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":41963942,"asset_id":21515144,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":42610804,"first_name":"John","last_name":"Stetkar","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JohnStetkar","display_name":"John Stetkar","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JohnStetkar?f_ri=50711","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":14085,"name":"Waste Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Waste_Management?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":16288,"name":"Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":16664,"name":"Risk assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_assessment?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":50711,"name":"Risk Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Analysis?f_ri=50711"},{"id":248366,"name":"New York","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_York?f_ri=50711"},{"id":296166,"name":"Quantitative risk assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quantitative_risk_assessment?f_ri=50711"},{"id":622589,"name":"Risk Assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Assessment-2?f_ri=50711"},{"id":1694054,"name":"Radioactive waste","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radioactive_waste?f_ri=50711"},{"id":1970560,"name":"New York State","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_York_State?f_ri=50711"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3738205" data-work_id="3738205" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3738205/Conti_J_Satterfield_T_and_Harthorn_B_2011_Vulnerability_and_Social_Justice_as_Factors_in_Emergent_US_Nanotechnology_Risk_Perceptions">Conti, J. Satterfield, T. and Harthorn, B. (2011). Vulnerability and Social Justice as Factors in Emergent US Nanotechnology Risk Perceptions.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">As an emerging domain of risk research, nanotechnologies engender novel research questions, including how new technologies are encountered given different framing and contextual detail. Using data from a recent U.S. national survey of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_3738205" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">As an emerging domain of risk research, nanotechnologies engender novel research questions, including how new technologies are encountered given different framing and contextual detail. Using data from a recent U.S. national survey of perceived risks (N= 1,100), risk versus benefit framings and the specific social positions from which people encounter or perceive new technologies are explored. Results indicate that vulnerability and attitudes toward environmental justice significantly influenced risk perceptions of nanotechnology as a broad class, while controlling for demographic and affective factors. Comparative analyses of different examples of nanotechnology applications demonstrated heightened ambivalence across acceptability when risk versus benefit information was provided with application descriptions (described in short vignettes as compared to the general category “nanotechnology,” absent of risk or benefit information). The acceptability of these nano-specific vignettes varied significantly in only some cases given indexes of vulnerability and attitudes toward environmental justice. However, experimental narrative analyses, using longer, more comprehensive descriptive passages, show how assessments of risks and benefits are tied to the systematically manipulated psychometric qualities of the application (its invasiveness and controllability), risk messaging from scientists, and the social implications of the technology with regard to justice. The article concludes with discussion of these findings for risk perception research and public policy related to nanotechnology and possibly other emerging technologies.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3738205" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="bcc0d472cb21abc982a94245e7a4d57d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":39479192,"asset_id":3738205,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39479192/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDk4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4434896" href="https://ubc.academia.edu/ESDSocialJustice">ESD Social Justice</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4434896" type="text/json">{"id":4434896,"first_name":"ESD","last_name":"Social Justice","domain_name":"ubc","page_name":"ESDSocialJustice","display_name":"ESD Social Justice","profile_url":"https://ubc.academia.edu/ESDSocialJustice?f_ri=50711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4434896/1808981/2260910/s65_esd.social_justice.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3738205 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3738205"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3738205, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3738205", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_3738205 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3738205; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_3738205"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_3738205 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="3738205"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3738205; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3738205]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_3738205").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_3738205").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="3738205"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5792" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Justice">Social Justice</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5792" type="text/json">{"id":5792,"name":"Social Justice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Justice?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="50711" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Analysis">Risk Analysis</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="50711" type="text/json">{"id":50711,"name":"Risk Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Analysis?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=3738205]'), work: {"id":3738205,"title":"Conti, J. Satterfield, T. and Harthorn, B. (2011). Vulnerability and Social Justice as Factors in Emergent US Nanotechnology Risk Perceptions.","created_at":"2013-06-18T11:29:08.063-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/3738205/Conti_J_Satterfield_T_and_Harthorn_B_2011_Vulnerability_and_Social_Justice_as_Factors_in_Emergent_US_Nanotechnology_Risk_Perceptions?f_ri=50711","dom_id":"work_3738205","summary":"As an emerging domain of risk research, nanotechnologies engender novel research questions, including how new technologies are encountered given different framing and contextual detail. Using data from a recent U.S. national survey of perceived risks (N= 1,100), risk versus benefit framings and the specific social positions from which people encounter or perceive new technologies are explored. Results indicate that vulnerability and attitudes toward environmental justice significantly influenced risk perceptions of nanotechnology as a broad class, while controlling for demographic and affective factors. Comparative analyses of different examples of nanotechnology applications demonstrated heightened ambivalence across acceptability when risk versus benefit information was provided with application descriptions (described in short vignettes as compared to the general category “nanotechnology,” absent of risk or benefit information). The acceptability of these nano-specific vignettes varied significantly in only some cases given indexes of vulnerability and attitudes toward environmental justice. However, experimental narrative analyses, using longer, more comprehensive descriptive passages, show how assessments of risks and benefits are tied to the systematically manipulated psychometric qualities of the application (its invasiveness and controllability), risk messaging from scientists, and the social implications of the technology with regard to justice. The article concludes with discussion of these findings for risk perception research and public policy related to nanotechnology and possibly other emerging technologies.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":39479192,"asset_id":3738205,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4434896,"first_name":"ESD","last_name":"Social Justice","domain_name":"ubc","page_name":"ESDSocialJustice","display_name":"ESD Social Justice","profile_url":"https://ubc.academia.edu/ESDSocialJustice?f_ri=50711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4434896/1808981/2260910/s65_esd.social_justice.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5792,"name":"Social Justice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Justice?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":50711,"name":"Risk Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Analysis?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_78105745" data-work_id="78105745" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/78105745/Risk_Analysis_for_Nasr_City_Water_Distribution_Systems">Risk Analysis for Nasr City Water Distribution Systems</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Nasr City (Egypt) was considered one of the most critical areas in Greater Cairo till the second half of year 2005. Prior to that date, the Greater Cairo Potable Water Company has installed new facilities that ended all hydraulic problems... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_78105745" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Nasr City (Egypt) was considered one of the most critical areas in Greater Cairo till the second half of year 2005. Prior to that date, the Greater Cairo Potable Water Company has installed new facilities that ended all hydraulic problems occurred in the system under normal conditions. Although the system is currently working properly without any problem, some risk conditions such as pipeline breakage, valve breakage, pump failure, or tank failure cause service interruption. With people’s luxury developing, service unavailability is no longer acceptable, thus, the system should provide the service under risk condition without massive increase of the system cost and service unit price. In this paper, risk causes and risk analysis benefits had been reviewed and the Nasr City Water Distribution System was analyzed under several risk conditions. As a result, short term plan is recommended for minor risk causes that lead to local service unavailability. On the other hand, long term plan,...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/78105745" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a1df86196ea70fd5a9d90f3b60505f4d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":85269475,"asset_id":78105745,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/85269475/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDk4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2976701" href="https://independent.academia.edu/WaelKhadr">Wael Khadr</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2976701" type="text/json">{"id":2976701,"first_name":"Wael","last_name":"Khadr","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"WaelKhadr","display_name":"Wael Khadr","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/WaelKhadr?f_ri=50711","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_78105745 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="78105745"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 78105745, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_78105745", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_78105745 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 78105745; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_78105745"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_78105745 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="78105745"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 78105745; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=78105745]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_78105745").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_78105745").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="78105745"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2550" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydraulics">Hydraulics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2550" type="text/json">{"id":2550,"name":"Hydraulics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydraulics?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21058" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Distribution_Systems">Water Distribution Systems</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="21058" type="text/json">{"id":21058,"name":"Water Distribution Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Distribution_Systems?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="50711" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Analysis">Risk Analysis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="50711" type="text/json">{"id":50711,"name":"Risk Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Analysis?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1579788" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Distribution_System">Water Distribution System</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1579788" type="text/json">{"id":1579788,"name":"Water Distribution System","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Distribution_System?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=78105745]'), work: {"id":78105745,"title":"Risk Analysis for Nasr City Water Distribution Systems","created_at":"2022-05-01T02:42:39.828-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/78105745/Risk_Analysis_for_Nasr_City_Water_Distribution_Systems?f_ri=50711","dom_id":"work_78105745","summary":"Nasr City (Egypt) was considered one of the most critical areas in Greater Cairo till the second half of year 2005. Prior to that date, the Greater Cairo Potable Water Company has installed new facilities that ended all hydraulic problems occurred in the system under normal conditions. Although the system is currently working properly without any problem, some risk conditions such as pipeline breakage, valve breakage, pump failure, or tank failure cause service interruption. With people’s luxury developing, service unavailability is no longer acceptable, thus, the system should provide the service under risk condition without massive increase of the system cost and service unit price. In this paper, risk causes and risk analysis benefits had been reviewed and the Nasr City Water Distribution System was analyzed under several risk conditions. As a result, short term plan is recommended for minor risk causes that lead to local service unavailability. On the other hand, long term plan,...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":85269475,"asset_id":78105745,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2976701,"first_name":"Wael","last_name":"Khadr","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"WaelKhadr","display_name":"Wael Khadr","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/WaelKhadr?f_ri=50711","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2550,"name":"Hydraulics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydraulics?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":21058,"name":"Water Distribution Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Distribution_Systems?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":50711,"name":"Risk Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Analysis?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":1579788,"name":"Water Distribution System","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Distribution_System?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":1760109,"name":"Water Distribution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Distribution?f_ri=50711"},{"id":2837374,"name":"Nasr City","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nasr_City?f_ri=50711"},{"id":3434660,"name":"Potable water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Potable_water?f_ri=50711"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_17881864 coauthored" data-work_id="17881864" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/17881864/Measurement_Error_Skewness_and_Risk_Analysis_Coping_with_the_Long_Tail_of_the_Distribution">Measurement Error, Skewness, and Risk Analysis: Coping with the Long Tail of the Distribution</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/17881864" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a67c9dae12bc15b53a25026d539abd27" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":39760415,"asset_id":17881864,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39760415/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDk4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="38198636" href="https://colorado.academia.edu/GaryMcClelland">Gary McClelland</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="38198636" type="text/json">{"id":38198636,"first_name":"Gary","last_name":"McClelland","domain_name":"colorado","page_name":"GaryMcClelland","display_name":"Gary McClelland","profile_url":"https://colorado.academia.edu/GaryMcClelland?f_ri=50711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/38198636/10662584/11903309/s65_gary.mcclelland.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-17881864">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-17881864"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/JerylMumpower">Jeryl Mumpower</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-17881864'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-17881864').html(); 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We consider empirical Bayes... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_77960028" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper considers the estimation of the mean vector of a p-variate normal distribution with unknown covariance matrix when it is suspected that for a p × r known matrix B the hypothesis = B , ∈ R r may hold. We consider empirical Bayes estimators which includes (i) the unrestricted unbiased (UE) estimator, namely, the sample mean vector (ii) the restricted estimator (RE) which is obtained when the hypothesis = B holds (iii) the preliminary test estimator (PTE), (iv) the James-Stein estimator (JSE), and (v) the positive-rule Stein estimator (PRSE). The biases and the risks under the squared loss function are evaluated for all the five estimators and compared. The numerical computations show that PRSE is the best among all the five estimators even when the hypothesis = B is true.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/77960028" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="51bd3b91c70dee0d8a6554f50e5af0a0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":85172889,"asset_id":77960028,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/85172889/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDk4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="34111348" href="https://utoronto.academia.edu/MuniSrivastava">Muni Srivastava</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="34111348" type="text/json">{"id":34111348,"first_name":"Muni","last_name":"Srivastava","domain_name":"utoronto","page_name":"MuniSrivastava","display_name":"Muni Srivastava","profile_url":"https://utoronto.academia.edu/MuniSrivastava?f_ri=50711","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_77960028 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="77960028"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 77960028, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_77960028", }); 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We consider empirical Bayes estimators which includes (i) the unrestricted unbiased (UE) estimator, namely, the sample mean vector (ii) the restricted estimator (RE) which is obtained when the hypothesis = B holds (iii) the preliminary test estimator (PTE), (iv) the James-Stein estimator (JSE), and (v) the positive-rule Stein estimator (PRSE). The biases and the risks under the squared loss function are evaluated for all the five estimators and compared. The numerical computations show that PRSE is the best among all the five estimators even when the hypothesis = B is true.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":85172889,"asset_id":77960028,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":34111348,"first_name":"Muni","last_name":"Srivastava","domain_name":"utoronto","page_name":"MuniSrivastava","display_name":"Muni Srivastava","profile_url":"https://utoronto.academia.edu/MuniSrivastava?f_ri=50711","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":300,"name":"Mathematics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematics?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":892,"name":"Statistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Statistics?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":41482,"name":"Multivariate Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multivariate_Analysis?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":50711,"name":"Risk Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Analysis?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":568878,"name":"Covariance Matrix","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Covariance_Matrix?f_ri=50711"},{"id":665830,"name":"Bayes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bayes?f_ri=50711"},{"id":765148,"name":"Numerical computation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Numerical_computation?f_ri=50711"},{"id":1128697,"name":"Multivariate Normal Distribution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multivariate_Normal_Distribution?f_ri=50711"},{"id":1142720,"name":"Normal Distribution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Normal_Distribution?f_ri=50711"},{"id":3067432,"name":"Loss function","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Loss_function?f_ri=50711"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_71203900" data-work_id="71203900" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/71203900/The_Impact_of_Time_Series_based_Interruption_Cost_on_Online_Risk_Assessment_in_Distribution_Networks">The Impact of Time Series-based Interruption Cost on Online Risk Assessment in Distribution Networks</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Recent transformations in design, planning and operation of distribution system represent the needed evolutionary step toward a modern integrated infrastructure where new riskbased operations balance economic and reliability criteria.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_71203900" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Recent transformations in design, planning and operation of distribution system represent the needed evolutionary step toward a modern integrated infrastructure where new riskbased operations balance economic and reliability criteria. Risk assessment tools are useful for monitoring and supervisory control because they provide operators with the capability to quantify the tradeoff between reliability and economic performance. One part of the risk assessment is the determination of financial impact that can be expressed through the total cost of energy supply interruption. The calculation of interruption cost is typically associated with planning assessment where several parameters essential to network operation are neglected. The proposed mathematical model incorporates time-dependent interruption events, and integrates the spatio temporal risk data using a GIS platform.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/71203900" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="989becc6f7dd27d22c5b633a2d27d0fc" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":80651297,"asset_id":71203900,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/80651297/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDk4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="208874279" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JonatasBoasLeite">Jonatas Boas Leite</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="208874279" type="text/json">{"id":208874279,"first_name":"Jonatas","last_name":"Boas Leite","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JonatasBoasLeite","display_name":"Jonatas Boas Leite","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JonatasBoasLeite?f_ri=50711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/208874279/68803468/57191578/s65_jonatas.boas_leite.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_71203900 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="71203900"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 71203900, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_71203900", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=71203900]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_71203900").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_71203900").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="71203900"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="422" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science">Computer Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="422" type="text/json">{"id":422,"name":"Computer Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="50711" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Analysis">Risk Analysis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="50711" type="text/json">{"id":50711,"name":"Risk Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Analysis?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="931782" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrical_Power_Distribution">Electrical Power Distribution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="931782" type="text/json">{"id":931782,"name":"Electrical Power Distribution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrical_Power_Distribution?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1003508" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cost_Function">Cost Function</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1003508" type="text/json">{"id":1003508,"name":"Cost Function","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cost_Function?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=71203900]'), work: {"id":71203900,"title":"The Impact of Time Series-based Interruption Cost on Online Risk Assessment in Distribution Networks","created_at":"2022-02-12T05:40:46.554-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/71203900/The_Impact_of_Time_Series_based_Interruption_Cost_on_Online_Risk_Assessment_in_Distribution_Networks?f_ri=50711","dom_id":"work_71203900","summary":"Recent transformations in design, planning and operation of distribution system represent the needed evolutionary step toward a modern integrated infrastructure where new riskbased operations balance economic and reliability criteria. Risk assessment tools are useful for monitoring and supervisory control because they provide operators with the capability to quantify the tradeoff between reliability and economic performance. One part of the risk assessment is the determination of financial impact that can be expressed through the total cost of energy supply interruption. The calculation of interruption cost is typically associated with planning assessment where several parameters essential to network operation are neglected. The proposed mathematical model incorporates time-dependent interruption events, and integrates the spatio temporal risk data using a GIS platform.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":80651297,"asset_id":71203900,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":208874279,"first_name":"Jonatas","last_name":"Boas Leite","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JonatasBoasLeite","display_name":"Jonatas Boas Leite","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JonatasBoasLeite?f_ri=50711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/208874279/68803468/57191578/s65_jonatas.boas_leite.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":422,"name":"Computer Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":50711,"name":"Risk Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Analysis?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":931782,"name":"Electrical Power Distribution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrical_Power_Distribution?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":1003508,"name":"Cost Function","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cost_Function?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":1009312,"name":"Geographic Information Systems (GIS)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geographic_Information_Systems_GIS_?f_ri=50711"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_66565181" data-work_id="66565181" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/66565181/The_environmental_hazards_of_locating_wastewater_impoundments_in_karst_terrain">The environmental hazards of locating wastewater impoundments in karst terrain</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A wastewater storage lagoon failed due to the development of a sinkhole at a site in the Lehigh River valley in Allentown, Pennsylvania (PA). The polluted wastewater from the lagoon entered into the underlying aquifer and moved within a... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_66565181" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A wastewater storage lagoon failed due to the development of a sinkhole at a site in the Lehigh River valley in Allentown, Pennsylvania (PA). The polluted wastewater from the lagoon entered into the underlying aquifer and moved within a narrow pathway controlled by cracks, fissures, and solution channels within the karstified Allentown Formation of the Cambrian Period. The Allentown Formation serves as the principal aquifer for the public water supply of the area. To develop appropriate remedial measures, a thorough understanding of the geologic setting was required. Therefore, a geologic and hydrogeologic characterization of the area was completed, aerial photography and satellite imagery interpretations were performed, stratigraphic core holes were drilled and geophysically logged, and the data correlated to define structural control and movement of ground water and pollutants. A number of wells were drilled and constructed, and water levels were monitored on a continuous basis to correlate with climatic changes and determine the direction of flow. Water samples were collected periodically and analyzed to delineate the vertical and lateral extent of migration of pollutants. Five saturated (water-bearing) zones were identified within the bedrock based on the analysis of cores and interpretation of geophysical logs. Ground water in the lower zones is polluted; the concentration of pollution increases with depth. Monitoring stations were established in the creek, south of the site, to measure flow rate several times during different seasons, and at different reaches, to determine the losing and gaining sections of the creek. Pumping tests were conducted to determine hydraulic characteristics of the aquifer. Based on the hydrogeologic model of the karstified aquifer, flow regime and structural control, a plan of action was defined and initiated to remediate the aquifer. The ground water is being remediated using a pump and treat methodology. The cleanup effort is continuous and the pollutant level is fluctuating with an overall-declining trend. The application of this technology has also created a pressure trough, thereby controlling off the site migration of pollutants.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/66565181" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a53b3e5adb82d67005efafbf14e055a5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":77707083,"asset_id":66565181,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/77707083/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDk4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="67544401" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PittsMary">Mary Pitts</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="67544401" type="text/json">{"id":67544401,"first_name":"Mary","last_name":"Pitts","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PittsMary","display_name":"Mary Pitts","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PittsMary?f_ri=50711","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_66565181 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="66565181"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 66565181, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_66565181", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=66565181]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_66565181").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_66565181").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="66565181"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="73" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering">Civil Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="73" type="text/json">{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="406" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geology">Geology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="406" type="text/json">{"id":406,"name":"Geology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geology?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="411" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrogeology">Hydrogeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="411" type="text/json">{"id":411,"name":"Hydrogeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrogeology?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1512" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change">Climate Change</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1512" type="text/json">{"id":1512,"name":"Climate Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=66565181]'), work: {"id":66565181,"title":"The environmental hazards of locating wastewater impoundments in karst terrain","created_at":"2021-12-30T06:34:15.148-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/66565181/The_environmental_hazards_of_locating_wastewater_impoundments_in_karst_terrain?f_ri=50711","dom_id":"work_66565181","summary":"A wastewater storage lagoon failed due to the development of a sinkhole at a site in the Lehigh River valley in Allentown, Pennsylvania (PA). The polluted wastewater from the lagoon entered into the underlying aquifer and moved within a narrow pathway controlled by cracks, fissures, and solution channels within the karstified Allentown Formation of the Cambrian Period. The Allentown Formation serves as the principal aquifer for the public water supply of the area. To develop appropriate remedial measures, a thorough understanding of the geologic setting was required. Therefore, a geologic and hydrogeologic characterization of the area was completed, aerial photography and satellite imagery interpretations were performed, stratigraphic core holes were drilled and geophysically logged, and the data correlated to define structural control and movement of ground water and pollutants. A number of wells were drilled and constructed, and water levels were monitored on a continuous basis to correlate with climatic changes and determine the direction of flow. Water samples were collected periodically and analyzed to delineate the vertical and lateral extent of migration of pollutants. Five saturated (water-bearing) zones were identified within the bedrock based on the analysis of cores and interpretation of geophysical logs. Ground water in the lower zones is polluted; the concentration of pollution increases with depth. Monitoring stations were established in the creek, south of the site, to measure flow rate several times during different seasons, and at different reaches, to determine the losing and gaining sections of the creek. Pumping tests were conducted to determine hydraulic characteristics of the aquifer. Based on the hydrogeologic model of the karstified aquifer, flow regime and structural control, a plan of action was defined and initiated to remediate the aquifer. The ground water is being remediated using a pump and treat methodology. The cleanup effort is continuous and the pollutant level is fluctuating with an overall-declining trend. The application of this technology has also created a pressure trough, thereby controlling off the site migration of pollutants.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":77707083,"asset_id":66565181,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":67544401,"first_name":"Mary","last_name":"Pitts","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PittsMary","display_name":"Mary Pitts","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PittsMary?f_ri=50711","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":73,"name":"Civil Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Engineering?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":406,"name":"Geology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geology?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":411,"name":"Hydrogeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrogeology?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":1512,"name":"Climate Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":14946,"name":"Structural Control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structural_Control?f_ri=50711"},{"id":20564,"name":"Engineering Geology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering_Geology?f_ri=50711"},{"id":50711,"name":"Risk Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Analysis?f_ri=50711"},{"id":57433,"name":"Seasonality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seasonality?f_ri=50711"},{"id":65757,"name":"Wastewater","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wastewater?f_ri=50711"},{"id":81846,"name":"Aerial Photography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aerial_Photography?f_ri=50711"},{"id":88279,"name":"Environmental Hazards","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Hazards?f_ri=50711"},{"id":110290,"name":"Karst","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Karst?f_ri=50711"},{"id":113556,"name":"Ground Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ground_Water?f_ri=50711"},{"id":208877,"name":"Satellite Imagery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Satellite_Imagery?f_ri=50711"},{"id":209324,"name":"Aquifers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aquifers?f_ri=50711"},{"id":341079,"name":"Storage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Storage?f_ri=50711"},{"id":394912,"name":"Flow Regime","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Flow_Regime?f_ri=50711"},{"id":414914,"name":"Waste Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Waste_Water?f_ri=50711"},{"id":898062,"name":"Flow Rate","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Flow_Rate?f_ri=50711"},{"id":1292685,"name":"Site Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Site_Analysis?f_ri=50711"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_54561634" data-work_id="54561634" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/54561634/Safety_Conditions_in_Manholes_in_the_Vicinity_of_Substations">Safety Conditions in Manholes in the Vicinity of Substations</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In many cases, the manholes for maintaining various installations including power and telecommunication cables, water-, remote heating-, and gas-pipes are located in a close vicinity of power substations. The paper analyzes the risks of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_54561634" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In many cases, the manholes for maintaining various installations including power and telecommunication cables, water-, remote heating-, and gas-pipes are located in a close vicinity of power substations. The paper analyzes the risks of the occurrence of dangerous potential differences within the manhole and on the surrounding ground surface during ground faults in the substation. Possible protective measures are discussed.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/54561634" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="53e36a7c0a70f6b7ee65da69f58dfd89" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":70867638,"asset_id":54561634,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/70867638/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDk4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="52693055" href="https://independent.academia.edu/IvicaPaunovic">Ivica Paunovic</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="52693055" type="text/json">{"id":52693055,"first_name":"Ivica","last_name":"Paunovic","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"IvicaPaunovic","display_name":"Ivica Paunovic","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/IvicaPaunovic?f_ri=50711","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_54561634 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="54561634"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 54561634, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_54561634", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_54561634 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 54561634; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_54561634"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_54561634 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="54561634"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 54561634; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=54561634]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_54561634").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_54561634").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="54561634"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12428" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Automatic_Control">Automatic Control</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12428" type="text/json">{"id":12428,"name":"Automatic Control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Automatic_Control?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="34955" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Power_System_Protection">Power System Protection</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="34955" type="text/json">{"id":34955,"name":"Power System Protection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Power_System_Protection?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="49161" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Safety">Safety</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="49161" type="text/json">{"id":49161,"name":"Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Safety?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="50711" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Analysis">Risk Analysis</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="50711" type="text/json">{"id":50711,"name":"Risk Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Analysis?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=54561634]'), work: {"id":54561634,"title":"Safety Conditions in Manholes in the Vicinity of Substations","created_at":"2021-10-01T04:31:11.499-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/54561634/Safety_Conditions_in_Manholes_in_the_Vicinity_of_Substations?f_ri=50711","dom_id":"work_54561634","summary":"In many cases, the manholes for maintaining various installations including power and telecommunication cables, water-, remote heating-, and gas-pipes are located in a close vicinity of power substations. The paper analyzes the risks of the occurrence of dangerous potential differences within the manhole and on the surrounding ground surface during ground faults in the substation. Possible protective measures are discussed.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":70867638,"asset_id":54561634,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":52693055,"first_name":"Ivica","last_name":"Paunovic","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"IvicaPaunovic","display_name":"Ivica Paunovic","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/IvicaPaunovic?f_ri=50711","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":12428,"name":"Automatic Control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Automatic_Control?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":34955,"name":"Power System Protection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Power_System_Protection?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":49161,"name":"Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Safety?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":50711,"name":"Risk Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Analysis?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":139178,"name":"Cables","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cables?f_ri=50711"},{"id":165126,"name":"Maintenance Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maintenance_Engineering?f_ri=50711"},{"id":317235,"name":"Grounding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Grounding?f_ri=50711"},{"id":327775,"name":"Earthing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earthing?f_ri=50711"},{"id":796093,"name":"Conductors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conductors?f_ri=50711"},{"id":846015,"name":"Electrodes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrodes?f_ri=50711"},{"id":1169495,"name":"Circuit Breakers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Circuit_Breakers?f_ri=50711"},{"id":1237788,"name":"Electrical And Electronic Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electrical_And_Electronic_Engineering?f_ri=50711"},{"id":1259267,"name":"Switches","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Switches?f_ri=50711"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_48427905" data-work_id="48427905" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/48427905/Environmental_Surveillance_at_Los_Alamos_An_Independent_Reassessment_of_Historical_Data">Environmental Surveillance at Los Alamos: An Independent Reassessment of Historical Data</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Since 1971, a series of annual Environmental Surveillance. .. reports have served as the official public record of Los Alamos National Laboratory's (LANL) environmental performance. In northern New Mexico, where past LANL emissions are a... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_48427905" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Since 1971, a series of annual Environmental Surveillance. .. reports have served as the official public record of Los Alamos National Laboratory's (LANL) environmental performance. In northern New Mexico, where past LANL emissions are a public health concern, there is public skepticism over the accuracy of information contained in these reports. To test the hypothesis that LANL Environmental Surveillance. .. reports systematically understate past emissions, we compared the data on releases in LANL's own internal Occurrence Reports Collection (ORC) to the data reported to the public in the Environmental Surveillance. .. reports. A data set of 89 environmental occurrences recorded in the ORC in the time period from 1971 through 1980 was assembled. We did not find a systematic pattern of quantitative underreporting of source terms. However, 17 of the 89 (19%) environmental occurrences recorded in the ORC were not reported to the public in the Environmental Surveillance. .. reports. The observed discrepancies are discussed in terms of their relevance to public health concerns. Methodological caveats dictate restraint in applying these findings beyond the scope of the relative comparison performed here. Possible social origins for the rejected hypothesis are discussed. Areas for further consideration by the Centers for Disease Control's dose reconstruction study of LANL are identified.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/48427905" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="189a57a90856af18eb6a8abd341d9ba8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67045273,"asset_id":48427905,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67045273/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDk4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="49904307" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KSilver2">K. Silver</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="49904307" type="text/json">{"id":49904307,"first_name":"K.","last_name":"Silver","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KSilver2","display_name":"K. Silver","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KSilver2?f_ri=50711","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_48427905 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="48427905"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 48427905, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_48427905", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_48427905 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 48427905; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_48427905"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_48427905 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="48427905"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 48427905; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=48427905]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_48427905").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_48427905").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="48427905"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11801" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Monitoring">Environmental Monitoring</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11801" type="text/json">{"id":11801,"name":"Environmental Monitoring","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Monitoring?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16288" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health">Public Health</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16288" type="text/json">{"id":16288,"name":"Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16664" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_assessment">Risk assessment</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16664" type="text/json">{"id":16664,"name":"Risk assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_assessment?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=48427905]'), work: {"id":48427905,"title":"Environmental Surveillance at Los Alamos: An Independent Reassessment of Historical Data","created_at":"2021-05-04T18:20:26.409-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/48427905/Environmental_Surveillance_at_Los_Alamos_An_Independent_Reassessment_of_Historical_Data?f_ri=50711","dom_id":"work_48427905","summary":"Since 1971, a series of annual Environmental Surveillance. .. reports have served as the official public record of Los Alamos National Laboratory's (LANL) environmental performance. In northern New Mexico, where past LANL emissions are a public health concern, there is public skepticism over the accuracy of information contained in these reports. To test the hypothesis that LANL Environmental Surveillance. .. reports systematically understate past emissions, we compared the data on releases in LANL's own internal Occurrence Reports Collection (ORC) to the data reported to the public in the Environmental Surveillance. .. reports. A data set of 89 environmental occurrences recorded in the ORC in the time period from 1971 through 1980 was assembled. We did not find a systematic pattern of quantitative underreporting of source terms. However, 17 of the 89 (19%) environmental occurrences recorded in the ORC were not reported to the public in the Environmental Surveillance. .. reports. The observed discrepancies are discussed in terms of their relevance to public health concerns. Methodological caveats dictate restraint in applying these findings beyond the scope of the relative comparison performed here. Possible social origins for the rejected hypothesis are discussed. Areas for further consideration by the Centers for Disease Control's dose reconstruction study of LANL are identified.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67045273,"asset_id":48427905,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":49904307,"first_name":"K.","last_name":"Silver","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KSilver2","display_name":"K. Silver","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KSilver2?f_ri=50711","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":11801,"name":"Environmental Monitoring","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Monitoring?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":16288,"name":"Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":16664,"name":"Risk assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_assessment?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":50711,"name":"Risk Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Analysis?f_ri=50711"},{"id":177557,"name":"New Mexico","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_Mexico?f_ri=50711"},{"id":183339,"name":"Nuclear Reactors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nuclear_Reactors?f_ri=50711"},{"id":205463,"name":"Radioactive Pollutants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radioactive_Pollutants?f_ri=50711"},{"id":221822,"name":"Historical Data","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Data?f_ri=50711"},{"id":389506,"name":"Radiation Dose","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Dose?f_ri=50711"},{"id":469972,"name":"Environmental Performance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Performance?f_ri=50711"},{"id":622589,"name":"Risk Assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Assessment-2?f_ri=50711"},{"id":1512198,"name":"Nuclear Warfare","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nuclear_Warfare?f_ri=50711"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_35590686" data-work_id="35590686" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35590686/A_solution_to_support_risk_analysis_on_IT_Change_Management">A solution to support risk analysis on IT Change Management</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The growing necessity of organizations in using technologies to support to their operations implies that managing IT resources became a mission-critical issue for the health of the primary companies' businesses. Thus, in order to minimize... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_35590686" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The growing necessity of organizations in using technologies to support to their operations implies that managing IT resources became a mission-critical issue for the health of the primary companies' businesses. Thus, in order to minimize problems in the IT infrastructure, possibly affecting the daily business operations, risks intrinsic to the change process have to be analyzed and assessed. Risk Management is a widely discussed subject in several areas, although for IT Change Management it is quite a new discipline. The Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL) introduces a set of best practices to conduct the management of IT infrastructures. According to ITIL, risks should be investigated, measured, and mitigated before any change is approved. Even with these guidelines, there is no default automatic method for risk assessment in IT Change Management. In this paper we introduce a risk analysis method based on the execution history of past changes. In addition, we propose a failure representation model to capture the feedback of the execution of changes over IT infrastructures.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35590686" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6a7fcc1b934836d806b91d230fb6c943" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55456882,"asset_id":35590686,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55456882/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDk4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="54984118" href="https://independent.academia.edu/CristianoBonatoBoth">Cristiano Bonato Both</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="54984118" type="text/json">{"id":54984118,"first_name":"Cristiano","last_name":"Bonato Both","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"CristianoBonatoBoth","display_name":"Cristiano Bonato Both","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/CristianoBonatoBoth?f_ri=50711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/54984118/14495755/15381736/s65_cristiano.bonato_both.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35590686 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35590686"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35590686, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35590686", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=35590686]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_35590686").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_35590686").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="35590686"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="491" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Technology">Information Technology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="491" type="text/json">{"id":491,"name":"Information Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Technology?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7055" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Technology_Management">Technology Management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7055" type="text/json">{"id":7055,"name":"Technology Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Technology_Management?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9127" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Change_Management">Change Management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9127" type="text/json">{"id":9127,"name":"Change Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Change_Management?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12061" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Management">Risk Management</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="12061" type="text/json">{"id":12061,"name":"Risk Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Management?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=35590686]'), work: {"id":35590686,"title":"A solution to support risk analysis on IT Change Management","created_at":"2018-01-05T15:34:55.483-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/35590686/A_solution_to_support_risk_analysis_on_IT_Change_Management?f_ri=50711","dom_id":"work_35590686","summary":"The growing necessity of organizations in using technologies to support to their operations implies that managing IT resources became a mission-critical issue for the health of the primary companies' businesses. Thus, in order to minimize problems in the IT infrastructure, possibly affecting the daily business operations, risks intrinsic to the change process have to be analyzed and assessed. Risk Management is a widely discussed subject in several areas, although for IT Change Management it is quite a new discipline. The Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL) introduces a set of best practices to conduct the management of IT infrastructures. According to ITIL, risks should be investigated, measured, and mitigated before any change is approved. Even with these guidelines, there is no default automatic method for risk assessment in IT Change Management. In this paper we introduce a risk analysis method based on the execution history of past changes. In addition, we propose a failure representation model to capture the feedback of the execution of changes over IT infrastructures.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55456882,"asset_id":35590686,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":54984118,"first_name":"Cristiano","last_name":"Bonato Both","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"CristianoBonatoBoth","display_name":"Cristiano Bonato Both","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/CristianoBonatoBoth?f_ri=50711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/54984118/14495755/15381736/s65_cristiano.bonato_both.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":491,"name":"Information Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Technology?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":7055,"name":"Technology Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Technology_Management?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":9127,"name":"Change Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Change_Management?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":12061,"name":"Risk Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Management?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":16664,"name":"Risk assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_assessment?f_ri=50711"},{"id":19291,"name":"Best Practices","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Best_Practices?f_ri=50711"},{"id":46032,"name":"Information Technology Infrastructure Library","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Technology_Infrastructure_Library?f_ri=50711"},{"id":50711,"name":"Risk Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Analysis?f_ri=50711"},{"id":55181,"name":"Operational Risk","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Operational_Risk?f_ri=50711"},{"id":83229,"name":"Best practice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Best_practice?f_ri=50711"},{"id":173716,"name":"Resource Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Resource_Management?f_ri=50711"},{"id":194892,"name":"Change process","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Change_process?f_ri=50711"},{"id":622589,"name":"Risk Assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Assessment-2?f_ri=50711"},{"id":837658,"name":"Management of Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Management_of_Change?f_ri=50711"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_33366304" data-work_id="33366304" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33366304/Variation_risk_analysis_MEMS_fabrication_tolerance_for_a_micro_CMM_probe">Variation risk analysis: MEMS fabrication tolerance for a micro CMM probe</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper describes a methodology of variation risk analysis for microsystems using analytical modelling and simulation, a key characteristic (KC) method and statistical analysis considering MEMS fabrication tolerances. This methodology... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_33366304" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper describes a methodology of variation risk analysis for microsystems using analytical modelling and simulation, a key characteristic (KC) method and statistical analysis considering MEMS fabrication tolerances. This methodology is applied to an innovative design for a micro co-ordinate measuring machine (CMM) probe utilising piezoelectric actuation and sensing currently being developed at the National Physical Laboratory. Analytical modelling is used to investigate the individual effects of dimensional parameters on the sensors' open-circuit voltage output, which is a KC of the micro CMM probe. A computer simulation is performed using the finite-element method and compared with the analytical model. The KC variation is predicted and the variation contribution of the probe manufacturing processes is presented. This KC is mainly influenced by the thickness of the piezoelectric layer associated with the composite sol gel deposition process. Variation risk analysis results can be used to implement a variation risk mitigation strategy.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33366304" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8b5f8d504dcad7c9177542025409581c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53423254,"asset_id":33366304,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53423254/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3MDk4OCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="65245373" href="https://nottingham.academia.edu/RichardLeach">Richard Leach</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="65245373" type="text/json">{"id":65245373,"first_name":"Richard","last_name":"Leach","domain_name":"nottingham","page_name":"RichardLeach","display_name":"Richard Leach","profile_url":"https://nottingham.academia.edu/RichardLeach?f_ri=50711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/65245373/16984403/17182804/s65_richard.leach.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_33366304 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="33366304"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33366304, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_33366304", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33366304]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_33366304").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_33366304").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="33366304"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering">Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="48" type="text/json">{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5187" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Statistical_Analysis">Statistical Analysis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5187" type="text/json">{"id":5187,"name":"Statistical Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Statistical_Analysis?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12147" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finite_element_method">Finite element method</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12147" type="text/json">{"id":12147,"name":"Finite element method","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finite_element_method?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="50711" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Analysis">Risk Analysis</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="50711" type="text/json">{"id":50711,"name":"Risk Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Analysis?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=33366304]'), work: {"id":33366304,"title":"Variation risk analysis: MEMS fabrication tolerance for a micro CMM probe","created_at":"2017-06-07T09:27:29.864-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/33366304/Variation_risk_analysis_MEMS_fabrication_tolerance_for_a_micro_CMM_probe?f_ri=50711","dom_id":"work_33366304","summary":"This paper describes a methodology of variation risk analysis for microsystems using analytical modelling and simulation, a key characteristic (KC) method and statistical analysis considering MEMS fabrication tolerances. This methodology is applied to an innovative design for a micro co-ordinate measuring machine (CMM) probe utilising piezoelectric actuation and sensing currently being developed at the National Physical Laboratory. Analytical modelling is used to investigate the individual effects of dimensional parameters on the sensors' open-circuit voltage output, which is a KC of the micro CMM probe. A computer simulation is performed using the finite-element method and compared with the analytical model. The KC variation is predicted and the variation contribution of the probe manufacturing processes is presented. This KC is mainly influenced by the thickness of the piezoelectric layer associated with the composite sol gel deposition process. Variation risk analysis results can be used to implement a variation risk mitigation strategy.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53423254,"asset_id":33366304,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":65245373,"first_name":"Richard","last_name":"Leach","domain_name":"nottingham","page_name":"RichardLeach","display_name":"Richard Leach","profile_url":"https://nottingham.academia.edu/RichardLeach?f_ri=50711","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/65245373/16984403/17182804/s65_richard.leach.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":5187,"name":"Statistical Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Statistical_Analysis?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":12147,"name":"Finite element method","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finite_element_method?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":50711,"name":"Risk Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Analysis?f_ri=50711","nofollow":true},{"id":80414,"name":"Mathematical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematical_Sciences?f_ri=50711"},{"id":142224,"name":"Process Variation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Process_Variation?f_ri=50711"},{"id":206904,"name":"Advanced manufacturing technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Advanced_manufacturing_technology?f_ri=50711"},{"id":502872,"name":"Risk mitigation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_mitigation?f_ri=50711"},{"id":1766636,"name":"Open Circuit Voltage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Open_Circuit_Voltage?f_ri=50711"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="u-taCenter Pagination"><ul class="pagination"><li class="next_page"><a href="/Documents/in/Risk_Analysis?after=50%2C33366304" rel="next">Next</a></li><li class="last next"><a 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