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mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%88" title="مارتینا ارویو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="مارتینا ارویو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martina_Arroyo" title="Martina Arroyo – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Martina Arroyo" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martina_Arroyo" title="Martina Arroyo – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Martina Arroyo" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B1_%CE%91%CF%81%CF%8C%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Μαρτίνα Αρόγιο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μαρτίνα Αρόγιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martina_Arroyo" title="Martina Arroyo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Martina Arroyo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martina_Arroyo" title="Martina Arroyo – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Martina Arroyo" 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.infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn"><b>Martina Arroyo</b></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Martina_Arroyo_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Martina_Arroyo_%28cropped%29.jpg/180px-Martina_Arroyo_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="317" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Martina_Arroyo_%28cropped%29.jpg/270px-Martina_Arroyo_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c5/Martina_Arroyo_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="328" data-file-height="577" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Arroyo in 2013</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1937-02-02</span>) </span>February 2, 1937<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 88)</span><br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace">New York City, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupations</th><td class="infobox-data role"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Operatic <a href="/wiki/Soprano" title="Soprano">soprano</a></li><li>Educator</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Organizations</th><td class="infobox-data org"><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera" title="Metropolitan Opera">Metropolitan Opera</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Martina Arroyo</b> (born February 2, 1937)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is an American <a href="/wiki/Opera" title="Opera">operatic</a> <a href="/wiki/Soprano" title="Soprano">soprano</a> who had a major international opera career from the 1960s through the 1980s. She was part of the first generation of black opera singers to achieve wide success. </p><p>Arroyo first rose to prominence at the <a href="/wiki/Zurich_Opera" title="Zurich Opera">Zurich Opera</a> between 1963 and 1965, and then was one of the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera" title="Metropolitan Opera">Metropolitan Opera</a>'s (Met) leading sopranos between 1965 and 1978. During those years at the Metropolitan Opera, she was also a regular presence at the world's <a href="/wiki/Opera_house" title="Opera house">opera houses</a>, performing on the stages of <a href="/wiki/La_Scala" title="La Scala">La Scala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Opera,_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Opera, London">Covent Garden</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Op%C3%A9ra_National_de_Paris" class="mw-redirect" title="Opéra National de Paris">Opéra National de Paris</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Teatro_Col%C3%B3n" title="Teatro Colón">Teatro Colón</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Oper_Berlin" title="Deutsche Oper Berlin">Deutsche Oper Berlin</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Vienna_State_Opera" title="Vienna State Opera">Vienna State Opera</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Lyric_Opera_of_Chicago" title="Lyric Opera of Chicago">Lyric Opera of Chicago</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Opera" title="San Francisco Opera">San Francisco Opera</a>. She is best known for her performances of the Italian <a href="/wiki/Spinto" title="Spinto">spinto</a> repertoire, and in particular, her portrayals of <a href="/wiki/Verdi" class="mw-redirect" title="Verdi">Verdi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Puccini" class="mw-redirect" title="Puccini">Puccini</a> heroines. Her last opera performance was in 1991, after which she has devoted her time to teaching singing on the faculties of various universities in the United States and Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-JL_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JL-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On December 8, 2013, Arroyo received a <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Center_Honors" title="Kennedy Center Honors">Kennedy Center Honor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-KCH_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KCH-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_years">Early years</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martina_Arroyo&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Arroyo was born in New York City, the younger of two children of Demetrio Arroyo, originally from <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a>, and Lucille Washington, a native of <a href="/wiki/Charleston,_South_Carolina" title="Charleston, South Carolina">Charleston, South Carolina</a>. Her older brother grew up to become a <a href="/wiki/Baptist" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptist">Baptist</a> <a href="/wiki/Minister_(Christianity)" title="Minister (Christianity)">minister</a>. The family lived in <a href="/wiki/Harlem" title="Harlem">Harlem</a> near <a href="/wiki/St._Nicholas_Avenue" title="St. Nicholas Avenue">St. Nicholas Avenue</a> and <a href="/wiki/111th_Street_(Manhattan)" class="mw-redirect" title="111th Street (Manhattan)">111th Street</a>. Her father was a mechanical engineer at the <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Navy_Yard" title="Brooklyn Navy Yard">Brooklyn Navy Yard</a> and earned a good salary which enabled Arroyo's mother to stay at home with their children. His job also allowed the family to experience New York's cultural offerings and the family frequented <a href="/wiki/Museum" title="Museum">museums</a>, <a href="/wiki/Concert" title="Concert">concerts</a>, and the theatre. It was attending several performances of <a href="/wiki/Broadway_theatre" title="Broadway theatre">Broadway</a> shows during the 1940s that first inspired Arroyo's interest in becoming a performer. Her mother humored her dreams and allowed Arroyo to take <a href="/wiki/Ballet" title="Ballet">ballet</a> classes. Her mother was also a talented amateur classical pianist and taught her daughter to play the instrument. Arroyo's other musical experiences as a child were largely through singing in the choirs at her Baptist church and as a student at <a href="/wiki/Hunter_College_High_School" title="Hunter College High School">Hunter College High School</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-TNYT_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TNYT-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-KCH_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KCH-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JL_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JL-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hunter_College">Hunter College</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martina_Arroyo&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Hunter College"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After finishing high school in 1953, Arroyo attended <a href="/wiki/Hunter_College" title="Hunter College">Hunter College</a> where she earned a B.A. in <a href="/wiki/Romance_languages" title="Romance languages">Romance languages</a> in 1956 at the age of nineteen. While there she studied voice as a hobby in an opera workshop with Joseph Turnau. Turnau recognized that Arroyo was a major talent who just needed proper training. After the workshop ended, he introduced her to voice instructor <a href="/wiki/Marinka_Gurewich" title="Marinka Gurewich">Marinka Gurewich</a>, who immediately accepted her as a student. When Arroyo did not take her training as seriously as her teacher wanted, Gurewich eventually threatened to end their lessons. Arroyo said of the incident, </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>It was a real wake-up call. Up to then, I must have been, in my mind, treating singing as a hobby, a lark—something I loved that I was dabbling in.</p></blockquote> <p>She further explained that at that point most of the major opera houses, including the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera" title="Metropolitan Opera">Metropolitan Opera</a>, had never cast a black singer, so in her mind "opera wasn't a real possibility." Gurewich's threat, however, forced her to take her studies more seriously and she continued to study with her until Gurewich's death in 1990. Another important partnership formed around this time was with concert manager Thea Dispeker who, after attending one of Arroyo's recitals, offered her services at no charge until Arroyo's career took off. Dispeker helped manage much of Arroyo's career over the next several decades.<sup id="cite_ref-KCH_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KCH-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JL_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JL-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TNYT_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TNYT-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career_as_a_social_worker">Career as a social worker</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martina_Arroyo&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Career as a social worker"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After graduating from college, Arroyo was faced with the difficulty of working while trying to study singing. On the advice of her mother, she became an English teacher at Bronx High School in the Fall of 1956 but found it difficult to balance her teaching responsibilities with continued training under Gurewich. She decided to leave her teaching position and take work as a <a href="/wiki/Social_worker" class="mw-redirect" title="Social worker">social worker</a> at the East End Welfare Center. For two years, she managed a case load of over 100 welfare recipients while continuing her voice training. Arroyo found the work fulfilling and stated of the experience, "My life had been centered on music for so long, and suddenly there I was, deeply involved in other people's problems,".<sup id="cite_ref-KCH_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KCH-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JL_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JL-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TNYT_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TNYT-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Metropolitan_Opera">Metropolitan Opera</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martina_Arroyo&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Metropolitan Opera"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1957 Arroyo auditioned for the Metropolitan Opera but was not accepted. Somewhat disheartened, she flirted with the idea of becoming an academic and began working on a master's degree in comparative literature at <a href="/wiki/New_York_University" title="New York University">New York University</a> with a dissertation on Ignacio Silone's <i>Pane e Vino and Vino e Pane</i>. The following year she competed in and won the Metropolitan Opera's <i>Audition of the Air</i> competition (precursor to its National Council Auditions), earning a $1,000 cash prize and a scholarship to the Met's Kathryn Long School. She left NYU and entered the Kathryn Long School in the Fall of 1957 where she studied singing, drama, German, English diction, and fencing. While at the school, she was offered the role of the first <a href="/wiki/Coryphaeus" title="Coryphaeus">coryphée</a> in the American premiere of <a href="/wiki/Ildebrando_Pizzetti" title="Ildebrando Pizzetti">Ildebrando Pizzetti</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Assassinio_nella_cattedrale" title="Assassinio nella cattedrale">Murder in the Cathedral</a></i> to be performed at a festival in upstate New York. The concert, however, was rained out and was rescheduled for a performance at <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Hall" title="Carnegie Hall">Carnegie Hall</a> instead on September 17, 1958. This marked Arroyo's first professional appearance singing in an opera. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> said of her performance, "Martina Arroyo is a gifted soprano who appears to have remarkable potential, and she sang with a voice of amplitude and lovely color."<sup id="cite_ref-KCH_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KCH-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JL_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JL-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TNYT_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TNYT-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 1959 Arroyo sang the title role in Gluck's <i><a href="/wiki/Iphig%C3%A9nie_en_Tauride" title="Iphigénie en Tauride">Iphigénie en Tauride</a></i> in a concert version with the <a href="/wiki/Little_Orchestra_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Little Orchestra Society">Little Orchestra Society</a> at <a href="/wiki/The_Town_Hall_(New_York_City)" title="The Town Hall (New York City)">Town Hall</a>. Shortly thereafter she made her debut on the opera stage at the Metropolitan Opera as the Celestial Voice in Verdi's <i><a href="/wiki/Don_Carlo" class="mw-redirect" title="Don Carlo">Don Carlo</a></i> on March 14, 1959, with <a href="/wiki/Eugenio_Fernandi" title="Eugenio Fernandi">Eugenio Fernandi</a> in the title role, <a href="/wiki/Leonie_Rysanek" title="Leonie Rysanek">Leonie Rysanek</a> as Elisabetta, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Merrill" title="Robert Merrill">Robert Merrill</a> as Rodrigo, and <a href="/wiki/Nell_Rankin" title="Nell Rankin">Nell Rankin</a> as Princess Eboli. This was the beginning of a long association with the Met and the beginning of a lengthy career on the opera stage.<sup id="cite_ref-KCH_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KCH-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JL_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JL-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TNYT_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TNYT-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Musical_career">Musical career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martina_Arroyo&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Musical career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After having made her Met debut, Arroyo moved to Europe where she began to appear in roles with minor <a href="/wiki/Opera_house" title="Opera house">opera houses</a> in 1959. While performing in Italy of that year she met her future husband, professional violist <a href="/w/index.php?title=Emilio_Poggioni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emilio Poggioni (page does not exist)">Emilio Poggioni</a>. The marriage ended in divorce and she later was married to Michel Maurel until his death in 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-TNYT_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TNYT-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over the next several years Arroyo worked mostly in Europe in mostly smaller roles, failing to land the larger name-making roles. Those larger parts which she did get were mostly in more obscure works. During 1961 and 1962 she went back and forth between Europe and the Metropolitan Opera frequently, with her roles at the Met during this period being in Wagner's <a href="/wiki/Ring_Cycle" class="mw-redirect" title="Ring Cycle"><i>Ring</i> cycle</a> and in reprises of <i>Don Carlo</i>. Her roles in the <i>Ring</i> included Woglinde in <i><a href="/wiki/Das_Rheingold" title="Das Rheingold">Das Rheingold</a></i>, Ortlinde in <i><a href="/wiki/Die_Walk%C3%BCre" title="Die Walküre">Die Walküre</a></i>, the Forest Bird in <i><a href="/wiki/Siegfried_(opera)" title="Siegfried (opera)">Siegfried</a></i>, and the Third Norn and Woglinde in <i><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6tterd%C3%A4mmerung" title="Götterdämmerung">Götterdämmerung</a></i>, <sup id="cite_ref-KCH_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KCH-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JL_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JL-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TNYT_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TNYT-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1963 Arroyo's first major break came when she was offered a contract to join the <a href="/wiki/Zurich_Opera" title="Zurich Opera">Zurich Opera</a> as a principal soprano. She made her debut there in the title role of Verdi's <i><a href="/wiki/Aida" title="Aida">Aida</a></i> where she was received enthusiastically. She continued to sing regularly at that opera house through 1968.<sup id="cite_ref-KCH_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KCH-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JL_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JL-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TNYT_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TNYT-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Verdi's <a href="/wiki/Aida" title="Aida">Aida</a> became an important role for Arroyo early in her career, serving as a calling card for her at many major opera houses during the 1960s. She sang the role for her first appearance at the <a href="/wiki/Hamburg_State_Opera" title="Hamburg State Opera">Hamburg State Opera</a> in 1963 and at both the <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Oper_Berlin" title="Deutsche Oper Berlin">Deutsche Oper Berlin</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Vienna_State_Opera" title="Vienna State Opera">Vienna State Opera</a> in 1964. In February of the following year she sang Aida in her first starring role at the Met as a last minute replacement for <a href="/wiki/Birgit_Nilsson" title="Birgit Nilsson">Birgit Nilsson</a>. The performance received rave reviews with <i>The New York Times</i> praising Arroyo as "one of the most gorgeous voices before the public today." <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Bing" title="Rudolf Bing">Rudolf Bing</a>, the Met's director, immediately offered her a contract to join the roster of the company's principal sopranos which extended for several years.<sup id="cite_ref-KCH_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KCH-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JL_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JL-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TNYT_4-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TNYT-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1964 Arroyo broke new ground outside the traditional opera house by making an appearance on national network television in the production of <i>Feliz Borinquen</i> for the <a href="/wiki/CBS_Repertoire_Workshop" class="mw-redirect" title="CBS Repertoire Workshop">CBS Repertoire Workshop</a> under the musical direction of <a href="/wiki/Alfredo_Antonini" title="Alfredo Antonini">Alfredo Antonini</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Arroyo began the 1965/66 season at the Met in October with a critically acclaimed performance of Elisabetta in <i>Don Carlo</i>. She immediately became a favorite singer at that house portraying mostly Verdi heroines, and the Met became her principal home from that point up until 1978. Her other roles at the Met during these thirteen years included Aida, Amelia in Verdi's <i><a href="/wiki/Un_ballo_in_maschera" title="Un ballo in maschera">Un ballo in maschera</a></i>, Cio-Cio-San in <a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Puccini" title="Giacomo Puccini">Giacomo Puccini</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Madama_Butterfly" title="Madama Butterfly">Madama Butterfly</a></i>, Donna Anna in <a href="/wiki/Mozart" class="mw-redirect" title="Mozart">Mozart</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Don_Giovanni" title="Don Giovanni">Don Giovanni</a></i>, Elvira in Verdi's <i><a href="/wiki/Ernani" title="Ernani">Ernani</a></i>, Lady Macbeth in Verdi's <i><a href="/wiki/Macbeth_(Verdi)" title="Macbeth (Verdi)">Macbeth</a></i>, Leonora in Verdi's <i><a href="/wiki/Il_trovatore" title="Il trovatore">Il trovatore</a></i>, Leonora in Verdi's <i><a href="/wiki/La_forza_del_destino" title="La forza del destino">La forza del destino</a></i>, Liù in Puccini's <i><a href="/wiki/Turandot" title="Turandot">Turandot</a></i>, Maddalena in <a href="/wiki/Umberto_Giordano" title="Umberto Giordano">Umberto Giordano</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Ch%C3%A9nier" title="Andrea Chénier">Andrea Chénier</a></i>, Santuzza in <a href="/wiki/Pietro_Mascagni" title="Pietro Mascagni">Pietro Mascagni</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Cavalleria_rusticana" title="Cavalleria rusticana">Cavalleria rusticana</a></i>, and the title role in <a href="/wiki/Amilcare_Ponchielli" title="Amilcare Ponchielli">Amilcare Ponchielli</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/La_Gioconda_(opera)" title="La Gioconda (opera)">La Gioconda</a></i> among others. She was also notably the first Black person to portray the role of Elsa in Wagner's <i><a href="/wiki/Lohengrin_(opera)" title="Lohengrin (opera)">Lohengrin</a></i> in 1968, not just at the Met, but in all of opera history.<sup id="cite_ref-KCH_3-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KCH-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JL_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JL-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TNYT_4-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TNYT-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_career">International career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martina_Arroyo&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: International career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During her years at the Met, Arroyo would frequently travel to perform at other houses both in the United States and internationally. In 1968 she sang for the first time in Israel and made her first appearance in the United Kingdom as Valentine in a London concert performance of Meyerbeer's <i><a href="/wiki/Les_Huguenots" title="Les Huguenots">Les Huguenots</a></i>. Later that year she made her debut at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Opera_House" title="Royal Opera House">Royal Opera House</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Lyric_Opera_Company" title="Philadelphia Lyric Opera Company">Philadelphia Lyric Opera Company</a>, both in the role of Aida. She returned to both companies a number of times during the 1970s as Verdi heroines and in parts like the title roles in Puccini's <i><a href="/wiki/Tosca" title="Tosca">Tosca</a></i> and Richard Strauss's <i><a href="/wiki/Ariadne_auf_Naxos" title="Ariadne auf Naxos">Ariadne auf Naxos</a></i>. She sang Amelia in <i>Un ballo in maschera</i> for her debuts with both the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Opera" title="San Francisco Opera">San Francisco Opera</a> (1971) and the <a href="/wiki/Lyric_Opera_of_Chicago" title="Lyric Opera of Chicago">Lyric Opera of Chicago</a> (1972). She returned to Chicago to sing her first Amelia Grimaldi in Verdi's <i><a href="/wiki/Simon_Boccanegra" title="Simon Boccanegra">Simon Boccanegra</a></i> in 1974. In 1972 she sang Aida for her debut at <a href="/wiki/La_Scala" title="La Scala">La Scala</a> opposite <a href="/wiki/Pl%C3%A1cido_Domingo" title="Plácido Domingo">Plácido Domingo</a> as Radames. In 1973 she made her first appearances at the <a href="/wiki/Op%C3%A9ra_National_de_Paris" class="mw-redirect" title="Opéra National de Paris">Opéra National de Paris</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Teatro_Col%C3%B3n" title="Teatro Colón">Teatro Colón</a> in Buenos Aires. In 1977 she made her debut with the <a href="/wiki/Opera_Company_of_Philadelphia" class="mw-redirect" title="Opera Company of Philadelphia">Opera Company of Philadelphia</a> portraying Senta in Wagner's <i><a href="/wiki/Der_fliegende_Holl%C3%A4nder" title="Der fliegende Holländer">The Flying Dutchman</a></i> and in 1979 made her debut with <a href="/wiki/Michigan_Opera_Theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Michigan Opera Theatre">Michigan Opera Theatre</a> as Leonora in Verdi's <i><a href="/wiki/Il_trovatore" title="Il trovatore">Il trovatore</a></i>. She remained very busy in the world's major opera houses through 1979 singing mostly Verdi, Puccini, and Strauss heroines and other roles from the lirico-spinto repertoire. Arroyo portrayed herself in an episode of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Odd_Couple_(1970_TV_series)" title="The Odd Couple (1970 TV series)">The Odd Couple</a></i> titled "Your Mother Wears Army Boots", which originally aired on January 16, 1975. The episode also featured <a href="/wiki/Howard_Cosell" title="Howard Cosell">Howard Cosell</a> who is portrayed to be a big fan of hers.<sup id="cite_ref-KCH_3-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KCH-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JL_2-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JL-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TNYT_4-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TNYT-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Retirement">Retirement</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martina_Arroyo&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Retirement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By 1980, Arroyo became much more selective of the roles she chose to sing. She returned to the Met in 1983 to sing "Fu la sorte" from <i>Aida</i> (with <a href="/wiki/Mignon_Dunn" title="Mignon Dunn">Mignon Dunn</a>) for the company's Centennial Gala. She returned to sing Aida and Santuzza; making her last appearance and 199th performance at the Met on October 31, 1986. In 1987, she sang her last portrayal of the title role in Puccini's <i><a href="/wiki/Turandot" title="Turandot">Turandot</a></i> with the <a href="/wiki/Seattle_Opera" title="Seattle Opera">Seattle Opera</a> and in 1989, she announced her retirement from the operatic stage. She came out of retirement in 1991 for one last performance in the world premiere of Leslie Adams's <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blake_(opera)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Blake (opera) (page does not exist)">Blake</a></i>, an opera whose story is set in pre-Civil War America when slavery was still a reality.<sup id="cite_ref-KCH_3-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KCH-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JL_2-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JL-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TNYT_4-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TNYT-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Throughout her career, Arroyo was also a frequent performer of the concert repertoire and appeared with many of the world's leading symphony orchestras. She performed often with the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Philharmonic" title="New York Philharmonic">New York Philharmonic</a> under conductor <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Bernstein" title="Leonard Bernstein">Leonard Bernstein</a> who particularly admired her voice in such repertoire as Beethoven's <a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._9_(Beethoven)" title="Symphony No. 9 (Beethoven)">Ninth Symphony</a> and <a href="/wiki/Missa_solemnis_(Beethoven)" title="Missa solemnis (Beethoven)">Missa solemnis</a>. </p><p>Arroyo's talents also extended beyond the concert stage into the realm of live network television. In 1964 she appeared with the <a href="/wiki/CBS_Symphony_Orchestra" class="mw-redirect" title="CBS Symphony Orchestra">CBS Symphony Orchestra</a> under the conductor <a href="/wiki/Alfredo_Antonini" title="Alfredo Antonini">Alfredo Antonini</a> in the episode "Feliz Borinquen" of the <i><a href="/wiki/CBS_Workshop" title="CBS Workshop">CBS Repertoire Workshop</a></i> as herself.<sup id="cite_ref-KCH_3-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KCH-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JL_2-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JL-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TNYT_4-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TNYT-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Arroyo is a recipient of a 2010 Opera Honors Award from the National Endowment for the Arts.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-KCH_3-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KCH-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JL_2-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JL-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TNYT_4-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TNYT-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recordings">Recordings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martina_Arroyo&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Recordings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Secretary_Kerry_and_Mrs._Heinz_Kerry_Meet_With_the_Kennedy_Center_Honor_Award_Recipients_(11277365345).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Secretary_Kerry_and_Mrs._Heinz_Kerry_Meet_With_the_Kennedy_Center_Honor_Award_Recipients_%2811277365345%29.jpg/250px-Secretary_Kerry_and_Mrs._Heinz_Kerry_Meet_With_the_Kennedy_Center_Honor_Award_Recipients_%2811277365345%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Secretary_Kerry_and_Mrs._Heinz_Kerry_Meet_With_the_Kennedy_Center_Honor_Award_Recipients_%2811277365345%29.jpg/500px-Secretary_Kerry_and_Mrs._Heinz_Kerry_Meet_With_the_Kennedy_Center_Honor_Award_Recipients_%2811277365345%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1331" /></a><figcaption>U.S. Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">John Kerry</a> and Mrs. <a href="/wiki/Teresa_Heinz_Kerry" class="mw-redirect" title="Teresa Heinz Kerry">Teresa Heinz Kerry</a> pose for a photo with the 2013 Kennedy Center honorees -- <a href="/wiki/Shirley_MacLaine" title="Shirley MacLaine">Shirley MacLaine</a>, Martina Arroyo, <a href="/wiki/Billy_Joel" title="Billy Joel">Billy Joel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Santana" title="Carlos Santana">Carlos Santana</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Herbie_Hancock" title="Herbie Hancock">Herbie Hancock</a> at the U.S. Department of State in Washington, D.C., on December 7, 2013.</figcaption></figure> <p>Having performed in the major opera houses and with the greatest symphony orchestras of the world, she has left a legacy of recordings, including: Handel's <i><a href="/wiki/Judas_Maccabeus_(oratorio)" class="mw-redirect" title="Judas Maccabeus (oratorio)">Judas Maccabeus</a></i> (twice) and <i><a href="/wiki/Samson_(Handel)" title="Samson (Handel)">Samson</a></i>, Mozart's <i><a href="/wiki/Don_Giovanni" title="Don Giovanni">Don Giovanni</a></i> (Donna Elvira for <a href="/wiki/Karl_B%C3%B6hm" title="Karl Böhm">Karl Böhm</a> and Donna Anna for <a href="/wiki/Sir_Colin_Davis" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Colin Davis">Sir Colin Davis</a>), Beethoven's Missa solemnis and Ninth Symphony, Rossini's <a href="/wiki/Stabat_Mater_(Rossini)" title="Stabat Mater (Rossini)">Stabat mater</a>, Verdi's <i><a href="/wiki/I_vespri_siciliani" title="I vespri siciliani">I vespri siciliani</a></i>, <i>Un ballo in maschera</i>, <i>La forza del destino</i> (in both the St. Petersburg and revised versions), and the <a href="/wiki/Requiem_(Verdi)" title="Requiem (Verdi)">Requiem</a> and Mahler's <a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._8_(Mahler)" title="Symphony No. 8 (Mahler)">Eighth Symphony</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-KCH_3-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KCH-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JL_2-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JL-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TNYT_4-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TNYT-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>She recorded important <a href="/wiki/20th-century_music" title="20th-century music">20th-century music</a>, including Schoenberg's <i><a href="/wiki/Gurre-Lieder" title="Gurre-Lieder">Gurre-Lieder</a></i> and the <i>African Oratorio</i> by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carlo_Franci&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carlo Franci (page does not exist)">Carlo Franci</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Franci" class="extiw" title="it:Carlo Franci">it</a>]</span>. She sang in the world premieres of two works: Stockhausen's <i><a href="/wiki/Momente" title="Momente">Momente</a></i> and <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Barber" title="Samuel Barber">Samuel Barber</a>'s <i>Andromache's Farewell</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-KCH_3-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KCH-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JL_2-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JL-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TNYT_4-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TNYT-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Arroyo's discography (which also includes an aria recital), though enviable, does not encompass anything like the full range of roles she played on stage. At the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera" title="Metropolitan Opera">Metropolitan Opera</a> alone, these are the operas she performed but never recorded commercially: Verdi's <i><a href="/wiki/Ernani" title="Ernani">Ernani</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Macbeth_(Verdi)" title="Macbeth (Verdi)">Macbeth</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Il_trovatore" title="Il trovatore">Il trovatore</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Don_Carlo" class="mw-redirect" title="Don Carlo">Don Carlo</a></i> (the Celestial Voice as well as Elisabetta, both in Italian); <a href="/wiki/Richard_Wagner" title="Richard Wagner">Wagner</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Lohengrin_(opera)" title="Lohengrin (opera)">Lohengrin</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Der_Ring_des_Nibelungen" title="Der Ring des Nibelungen">Der Ring des Nibelungen</a></i> (featured roles in all four operas); <a href="/wiki/Amilcare_Ponchielli" title="Amilcare Ponchielli">Ponchielli</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/La_Gioconda_(opera)" title="La Gioconda (opera)">La Gioconda</a></i>; <a href="/wiki/Umberto_Giordano" title="Umberto Giordano">Giordano</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Ch%C3%A9nier" title="Andrea Chénier">Andrea Chénier</a></i>; and <a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Puccini" title="Giacomo Puccini">Puccini</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Madama_Butterfly" title="Madama Butterfly">Madama Butterfly</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Turandot" title="Turandot">Turandot</a></i> (as Liù; she played the title role in Chicago and Toronto). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Teaching_career">Teaching career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martina_Arroyo&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Teaching career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since her official retirement from singing in 1989 Arroyo has amassed significant teaching credits, including stints at <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_State_University" title="Louisiana State University">Louisiana State University</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Los_Angeles" title="University of California, Los Angeles">UCLA</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Delaware" title="University of Delaware">University of Delaware</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wilberforce_University" title="Wilberforce University">Wilberforce University</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A4t_Mozarteum_Salzburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Universität Mozarteum Salzburg">International Sommerakademie-Mozarteum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Salzburg" title="Salzburg">Salzburg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indiana_University" title="Indiana University">Indiana University</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-KCH_3-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KCH-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JL_2-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JL-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TNYT_4-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TNYT-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>She has given master classes nationally and internationally, and judged several competitions including the George London Competition and the <a href="/wiki/International_Tchaikovsky_Competition" title="International Tchaikovsky Competition">Tchaikovsky International Competition</a>./With <a href="/wiki/Willard_L._Boyd" title="Willard L. Boyd">Willard L. Boyd</a>, former President of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Iowa" title="University of Iowa">University of Iowa</a>, she co-authored the "Task Force Report on Music Education in the U.S."<sup id="cite_ref-KCH_3-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KCH-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JL_2-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JL-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TNYT_4-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TNYT-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honors">Honors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martina_Arroyo&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Honors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1976, she was appointed by President <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a> to the <a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_the_Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="National Council of the Arts">National Council of the Arts</a> in Washington, D.C. She founded the Martina Arroyo Foundation,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is dedicated to the development of emerging young opera singers by immersing them in complete role preparation courses. She is also active on the Boards of Trustees of Hunter College and <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Hall" title="Carnegie Hall">Carnegie Hall</a>. She was elected a Fellow of the <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences">American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a> in 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-AAAS_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAAS-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-KCH_3-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KCH-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JL_2-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JL-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TNYT_4-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TNYT-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was candid about her perceived status as second-best to her great contemporary, fellow <a href="/wiki/African-American" class="mw-redirect" title="African-American">African-American</a> spinto <a href="/wiki/Leontyne_Price" title="Leontyne Price">Leontyne Price</a>; once, when a Met doorman greeted her as "Miss Price," she sweetly replied, "No, honey, I'm the other one."<sup id="cite_ref-KCH_3-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KCH-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JL_2-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JL-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TNYT_4-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TNYT-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2020, Arroyo received an induction into the <a href="/wiki/American_Classical_Music_Hall_of_Fame" class="mw-redirect" title="American Classical Music Hall of Fame">American Classical Music Hall of Fame</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martina_Arroyo&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg/40px-Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg/60px-Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg/120px-Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Puerto_Rico" title="Portal:Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/41px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/55px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Puerto_Ricans" title="List of Puerto Ricans">List of Puerto Ricans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_women_in_Puerto_Rico" title="History of women in Puerto Rico">History of women in Puerto Rico</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martina_Arroyo&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Notes</b> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Some sources give 1936.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JL-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JL_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JL_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JL_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JL_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JL_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JL_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JL_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JL_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JL_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JL_2-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JL_2-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JL_2-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JL_2-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JL_2-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JL_2-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JL_2-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JL_2-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JL_2-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JL_2-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JL_2-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Johnston, Laurie. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FB0B17FA3C5F14738DDDA80A94DB405B878BF1D3">"Competition Intense Among Intellectually Gifted 6th Graders for Openings at Hunter College High School; Prominent Alumni Program for Seniors"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>, March 21, 1977. Accessed May 11, 2010.<span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(subscription required)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KCH-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-KCH_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KCH_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KCH_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KCH_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KCH_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KCH_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KCH_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KCH_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KCH_3-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KCH_3-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KCH_3-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KCH_3-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KCH_3-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KCH_3-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KCH_3-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KCH_3-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KCH_3-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KCH_3-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KCH_3-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KCH_3-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kennedy-center.org/programs/specialevents/honors/history.cfm">Kennedy-Center.org website</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081209052332/http://www.kennedy-center.org/programs/specialevents/honors/history.cfm">Archived</a> 2008-12-09 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TNYT-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TNYT_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TNYT_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TNYT_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TNYT_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TNYT_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TNYT_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TNYT_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TNYT_4-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TNYT_4-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TNYT_4-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TNYT_4-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TNYT_4-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TNYT_4-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TNYT_4-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TNYT_4-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TNYT_4-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TNYT_4-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TNYT_4-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TNYT_4-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TNYT_4-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9901E5DD153AF936A35755C0A9679D8B63">"Paid Notice: Deaths – Maurel, Michel</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>, June 5, 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt6249208/fullcredits?ref_=tt_ov_st_sm">https://www.imdb.com/title/tt6249208/fullcredits?ref_=tt_ov_st_sm</a> "CBS Repertoire Workshop (1964)"-"Feliz Borinquen" featuring Martina Arroyo under the musical direction of Alfredo Antonini on I<BD.com]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101207034150/http://www.arts.gov/honors/opera/media/2010-opera-honorees.html">"NEA Chairman Rocco Landesman Announces Recipients of the 2010 NEA Opera Honors"</a>. Arts.gov. 2010-06-24. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.arts.gov/honors/opera/media/2010-opera-honorees.html">the original</a> on 2010-12-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-07-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NEA+Chairman+Rocco+Landesman+Announces+Recipients+of+the+2010+NEA+Opera+Honors&rft.pub=Arts.gov&rft.date=2010-06-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arts.gov%2Fhonors%2Fopera%2Fmedia%2F2010-opera-honorees.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMartina+Arroyo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://martinaarroyofdn.org">"Martina Arroyo Foundation"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Martina+Arroyo+Foundation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmartinaarroyofdn.org&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMartina+Arroyo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AAAS-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AAAS_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amacad.org/publications/BookofMembers/ChapterA.pdf">"Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter A"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. American Academy of Arts and Sciences<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Book+of+Members%2C+1780%E2%80%932010%3A+Chapter+A&rft.pub=American+Academy+of+Arts+and+Sciences&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amacad.org%2Fpublications%2FBookofMembers%2FChapterA.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMartina+Arroyo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://classicalwalkoffame.org/view-inductees/?id=167">"Arroyo, Marttina"</a>. <i>Classical Music Walk of Fame</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Classical+Music+Walk+of+Fame&rft.atitle=Arroyo%2C+Marttina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fclassicalwalkoffame.org%2Fview-inductees%2F%3Fid%3D167&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMartina+Arroyo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><b>Sources</b> </p> <ul><li>Hamilton, David. (1987). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.folklib.net/index/discog/bibliog7.shtml#kq">The Metropolitan Opera Encyclopedia: A Comprehensive Guide to the World of Opera</a></i>. New York, London, Toronto, Sydney, Tokyo: Simon and Schuster. p. 27. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-671-61732-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-671-61732-X">0-671-61732-X</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Rosenthal" title="Harold Rosenthal">Rosenthal, Harold</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Warrack" title="John Warrack">John Warrack</a>. (1979, 2nd ed.). <i>The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Opera</i>. London, New York and Melbourne: Oxford University Press. p. 20. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-311318-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-311318-X">0-19-311318-X</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Sadie" title="Stanley Sadie">Sadie, Stanley</a> and Christina Bashford. (1992). <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Grove_Dictionary_of_Opera" title="The New Grove Dictionary of Opera">The New Grove Dictionary of Opera</a></i>. London: Macmillan Publishers Ltd. Vol. 1, p. 218. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-935859-92-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-935859-92-6">0-935859-92-6</a>.</li> <li>Sadie, Stanley and <a href="/wiki/John_Tyrrell_(musicologist)" title="John Tyrrell (musicologist)">John Tyrrell</a>. (2001).<i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Grove_Dictionary_of_Music_and_Musicians" title="The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians">The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians</a></i>. London: Macmillan Publishers Ltd. Vol. 2, p. 79. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-333-60800-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-333-60800-3">0-333-60800-3</a>.</li> <li>Warrack, John and Ewan West. (1996 3rd ed.). <i>The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Opera</i>. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 22. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-280028-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-280028-0">0-19-280028-0</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martina_Arroyo&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.martinaarroyo.com">Official website</a></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.martinaarroyofdn.org/">Martina Arroyo Foundation website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1711009/">Martina Arroyo</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.operadis-opera-discography.org.uk/CLSIARRO.HTM">Discography</a> (Capon's Lists of Opera Recordings)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/frame.htm">MetOpera database</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-wkA_XFus78"><span class="plainlinks">Documentary</span></a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a>, featuring Arroyo in rehearsal with <a href="/wiki/Karlheinz_Stockhausen" title="Karlheinz Stockhausen">Karlheinz Stockhausen</a> for Paris performance of <i><a href="/wiki/Momente" title="Momente">Momente</a></i>; <a href="/wiki/Luc_Ferrari" title="Luc Ferrari">Luc Ferrari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Schaeffer" title="Pierre Schaeffer">Pierre Schaeffer</a> (1966), <a href="/wiki/Groupe_de_Recherches_Musicales" class="mw-redirect" title="Groupe de Recherches Musicales">Groupe de Recherches Musicales</a>, <a href="/wiki/ORTF" class="mw-redirect" title="ORTF">ORTF</a></li> <li>Duffie, Bruce: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bruceduffie.com/arroyo.html">Interview with Martina Arroyo</a>, September 26, 1988</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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.navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Kennedy_Center_Honorees_2010s" title="Template:Kennedy Center Honorees 2010s"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a 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Jones">Bill T. Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_McCartney" title="Paul McCartney">Paul McCartney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey">Oprah Winfrey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2011</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Cook" title="Barbara Cook">Barbara Cook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Diamond" title="Neil Diamond">Neil Diamond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yo-Yo_Ma" title="Yo-Yo Ma">Yo-Yo Ma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonny_Rollins" title="Sonny Rollins">Sonny Rollins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meryl_Streep" title="Meryl Streep">Meryl Streep</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2012</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddy_Guy" title="Buddy Guy">Buddy Guy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dustin_Hoffman" title="Dustin Hoffman">Dustin Hoffman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Letterman" title="David Letterman">David Letterman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Led_Zeppelin" title="Led Zeppelin">Led Zeppelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natalia_Makarova" title="Natalia Makarova">Natalia Makarova</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2013</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Martina Arroyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbie_Hancock" title="Herbie Hancock">Herbie Hancock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Joel" title="Billy Joel">Billy Joel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_MacLaine" title="Shirley MacLaine">Shirley MacLaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Santana" title="Carlos Santana">Carlos Santana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2014</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al_Green" title="Al Green">Al Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Hanks" title="Tom Hanks">Tom Hanks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_McBride" title="Patricia McBride">Patricia McBride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sting_(musician)" title="Sting (musician)">Sting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lily_Tomlin" title="Lily Tomlin">Lily Tomlin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2015</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carole_King" title="Carole King">Carole King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Lucas" title="George Lucas">George Lucas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rita_Moreno" title="Rita Moreno">Rita Moreno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seiji_Ozawa" title="Seiji Ozawa">Seiji Ozawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cicely_Tyson" title="Cicely Tyson">Cicely Tyson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2016</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Argerich" title="Martha Argerich">Martha Argerich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eagles_(band)" title="Eagles (band)">Eagles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Pacino" title="Al Pacino">Al Pacino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mavis_Staples" title="Mavis Staples">Mavis Staples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Taylor" title="James Taylor">James Taylor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2017</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carmen_de_Lavallade" title="Carmen de Lavallade">Carmen de Lavallade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Estefan" title="Gloria Estefan">Gloria Estefan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LL_Cool_J" title="LL Cool J">LL Cool J</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Lear" title="Norman Lear">Norman Lear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lionel_Richie" title="Lionel Richie">Lionel Richie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2018</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cher" title="Cher">Cher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Glass" title="Philip Glass">Philip Glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reba_McEntire" title="Reba McEntire">Reba McEntire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Shorter" title="Wayne Shorter">Wayne Shorter</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_(musical)" title="Hamilton (musical)">Hamilton</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Lin-Manuel_Miranda" title="Lin-Manuel Miranda">Lin-Manuel Miranda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Kail" title="Thomas Kail">Thomas Kail</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alex_Lacamoire" title="Alex Lacamoire">Alex Lacamoire</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Andy_Blankenbuehler" title="Andy Blankenbuehler">Andy Blankenbuehler</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2019</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Earth,_Wind_%26_Fire" title="Earth, Wind & Fire">Earth, Wind & Fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sally_Field" title="Sally Field">Sally Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linda_Ronstadt" title="Linda Ronstadt">Linda Ronstadt</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sesame_Street" title="Sesame Street">Sesame Street</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Tilson_Thomas" title="Michael Tilson Thomas">Michael Tilson Thomas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Center_Honors" title="Kennedy Center Honors">Complete list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Kennedy_Center_Honorees_1970s" title="Template:Kennedy Center Honorees 1970s">1970s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Kennedy_Center_Honorees_1980s" title="Template:Kennedy Center Honorees 1980s">1980s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Kennedy_Center_Honorees_1990s" title="Template:Kennedy Center Honorees 1990s">1990s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Kennedy_Center_Honorees_2000s" title="Template:Kennedy Center Honorees 2000s">2000s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Kennedy_Center_Honorees_2010s" title="Template:Kennedy Center Honorees 2010s">2010s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Kennedy_Center_Honorees_2020s" title="Template:Kennedy Center Honorees 2020s">2020s</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1702112#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata3005" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1702112#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata3005" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1702112#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000081817805">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/113812484">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/105317/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJtrVdwk4tjv7R7VhJgFrq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/132304740">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n82224919">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13890909d">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13890909d">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Arroyo, Martina"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/MILV182064">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ola2002149825&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datos.bne.es/resource/XX871949">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p070757046">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/1024288">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000138867&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000045159&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810588948905606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007273104705171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:au:finaf:000187868">Finland</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA08342245?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/b34c5723-489a-48d4-9f25-cbb577b0d128">MusicBrainz</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.grammy.com/artists/martina-arroyo/971">Grammy Awards</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" 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