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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inaugural_season"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Inaugural season </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inaugural_season-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_Met_in_Philadelphia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Met_in_Philadelphia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2.1 The Met in Philadelphia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Met_in_Philadelphia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-German_seasons" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#German_seasons"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 German seasons </div> </a> <ul id="toc-German_seasons-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mapleson_Cylinders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mapleson_Cylinders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3.1 Mapleson Cylinders </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mapleson_Cylinders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Annual_spring_tour" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Annual_spring_tour"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3.2 Annual spring tour </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Annual_spring_tour-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Administrations </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Administrations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Administrations subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Administrations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Abbey,_Schoeffel,_and_Grau" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Abbey,_Schoeffel,_and_Grau"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Abbey, Schoeffel, and Grau </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Abbey,_Schoeffel,_and_Grau-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Heinrich_Conried" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Heinrich_Conried"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Heinrich Conried </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Heinrich_Conried-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Giulio_Gatti-Casazza" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Giulio_Gatti-Casazza"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Giulio Gatti-Casazza </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Giulio_Gatti-Casazza-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Edward_Johnson" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Edward_Johnson"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Edward Johnson </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Edward_Johnson-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rudolf_Bing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rudolf_Bing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Rudolf Bing </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rudolf_Bing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gentele_to_Southern" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gentele_to_Southern"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6 Gentele to Southern </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gentele_to_Southern-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Joseph_Volpe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Joseph_Volpe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.7 Joseph Volpe </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Joseph_Volpe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Peter_Gelb" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Peter_Gelb"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.8 Peter Gelb </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Peter_Gelb-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-James_Levine_controversy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#James_Levine_controversy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.8.1 James Levine controversy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-James_Levine_controversy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Russia-Ukraine_anti-war_activism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russia-Ukraine_anti-war_activism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.8.2 Russia-Ukraine anti-war activism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russia-Ukraine_anti-war_activism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_MET_Orchestra_Musicians" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_MET_Orchestra_Musicians"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 The MET Orchestra Musicians </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_MET_Orchestra_Musicians-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Technological_innovations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Technological_innovations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Technological innovations </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Technological_innovations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Technological innovations subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Technological_innovations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Met_Titles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Met_Titles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Met Titles </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Met_Titles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tessitura_software" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tessitura_software"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Tessitura software </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tessitura_software-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Multimedia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Multimedia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Multimedia </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Multimedia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Multimedia subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Multimedia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Broadcast_radio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Broadcast_radio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Broadcast radio </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Broadcast_radio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Satellite_radio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Satellite_radio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Satellite radio </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Satellite_radio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Television" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Television"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Television </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Television-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-High-definition_video" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#High-definition_video"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 High-definition video </div> </a> <ul id="toc-High-definition_video-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Internet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Internet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5 Internet </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Internet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-COVID-19_pandemic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#COVID-19_pandemic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5.1 COVID-19 pandemic </div> </a> <ul id="toc-COVID-19_pandemic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opera_houses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opera_houses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Opera houses </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Opera_houses-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Opera houses subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Opera_houses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Metropolitan_Opera_House,_Broadway" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metropolitan_Opera_House,_Broadway"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Metropolitan Opera House, Broadway </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metropolitan_Opera_House,_Broadway-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Metropolitan_Opera_House,_Lincoln_Center" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metropolitan_Opera_House,_Lincoln_Center"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Metropolitan Opera House, Lincoln Center </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metropolitan_Opera_House,_Lincoln_Center-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Metropolitan_Opera_House,_Philadelphia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metropolitan_Opera_House,_Philadelphia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Metropolitan Opera House, Philadelphia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metropolitan_Opera_House,_Philadelphia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Principal_conductors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Principal_conductors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Principal conductors </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Principal_conductors-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Principal conductors subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Principal_conductors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Conductors_in_formal_leadership_positions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conductors_in_formal_leadership_positions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Conductors in formal leadership positions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conductors_in_formal_leadership_positions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_conductors_of_note_in_company_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_conductors_of_note_in_company_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Other conductors of note in company history </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_conductors_of_note_in_company_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deaths_at_the_Met" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deaths_at_the_Met"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Deaths at the Met </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deaths_at_the_Met-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Finances_and_marketing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Finances_and_marketing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Finances and marketing </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Finances_and_marketing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lindemann_Young_Artist_Development_Program" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lindemann_Young_Artist_Development_Program"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Lindemann Young Artist Development Program </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lindemann_Young_Artist_Development_Program-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Metropolitan Opera</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 49 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-49" aria-hidden="true" > 49 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7_%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="أوبرا ميتروبوليتان – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أوبرا ميتروبوليتان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropoliten-opera" title="Metropoliten-opera – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Metropoliten-opera" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8A%D0%BD_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Метрополитън опера – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Метрополитън опера" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera" title="Metropolitan Opera – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Metropolitan Opera" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitn%C3%AD_opera" title="Metropolitní opera – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Metropolitní opera" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opera_Metropolitan" title="Opera Metropolitan – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Opera Metropolitan" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Metropolitan_Opera" title="The Metropolitan Opera – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="The Metropolitan Opera" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera" title="Metropolitan Opera – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Metropolitan Opera" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera" title="Metropolitan Opera – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Metropolitan Opera" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B7%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%8C%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B1_(%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B1)" title="Μητροπολιτική Όπερα (εταιρεία) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μητροπολιτική Όπερα (εταιρεία)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropola_Operejo" title="Metropola Operejo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Metropola Operejo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera" title="Metropolitan Opera – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Metropolitan Opera" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%86_%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9" title="تالار اپرای متروپولیتن نیویورک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تالار اپرای متروپولیتن نیویورک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera" title="Metropolitan Opera – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Metropolitan Opera" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Opera_Meitreap%C3%B3lach" title="An Opera Meitreapólach – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Opera Meitreapólach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera" title="Metropolitan Opera – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Metropolitan Opera" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A9%94%ED%8A%B8%EB%A1%9C%ED%8F%B4%EB%A6%AC%ED%83%84_%EC%98%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%9D%BC" title="메트로폴리탄 오페라 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="메트로폴리탄 오페라" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A5%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%BA%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%A5%D5%B6_%D6%85%D5%BA%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1" title="Մետրոպոլիտեն օպերա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մետրոպոլիտեն օպերա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera" title="Metropolitan Opera – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Metropolitan Opera" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opera_Metropolitan" title="Opera Metropolitan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Opera Metropolitan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera_House" title="Metropolitan Opera House – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Metropolitan Opera House" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%98%D7%9F_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%94" title="מטרופוליטן אופרה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מטרופוליטן אופרה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera" title="Metropolitan Opera – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Metropolitan Opera" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%97%E1%83%94%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="მეტროპოლიტენის ოპერის თეატრი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მეტროპოლიტენის ოპერის თეატრი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropoles_opera" title="Metropoles opera – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Metropoles opera" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera" title="Metropolitan Opera – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Metropolitan Opera" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera" title="Metropolitan Opera – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Metropolitan Opera" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera" title="Metropolitan Opera – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Metropolitan Opera" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera" title="Metropolitan Opera – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Metropolitan Opera" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Метрополитен Опера – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Метрополитен Опера" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera" title="Metropolitan Opera – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Metropolitan Opera" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A1%E3%83%88%E3%83%AD%E3%83%9D%E3%83%AA%E3%82%BF%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AA%E3%83%9A%E3%83%A9" title="メトロポリタン・オペラ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="メトロポリタン・オペラ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera" title="Metropolitan Opera – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Metropolitan Opera" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera" title="Metropolitan Opera – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Metropolitan Opera" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropoliten-opera" title="Metropoliten-opera – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Metropoliten-opera" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera" title="Metropolitan Opera – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Metropolitan Opera" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera" title="Metropolitan Opera – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Metropolitan Opera" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera" title="Metropolitan Opera – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Metropolitan Opera" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD-%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Метрополитен-опера – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Метрополитен-опера" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera" title="Metropolitan Opera – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Metropolitan Opera" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera" title="Metropolitan Opera – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Metropolitan Opera" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitanska_opera" title="Metropolitanska opera – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Metropolitanska opera" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Метрополитен опера – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Метрополитен опера" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera" title="Metropolitan Opera – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Metropolitan Opera" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan-ooppera" title="Metropolitan-ooppera – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Metropolitan-ooppera" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera_Association" title="Metropolitan Opera Association – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Metropolitan Opera Association" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera" title="Metropolitan Opera – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Metropolitan Opera" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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73°59′3″W / 40.77278°N 73.98417°W / 40.77278; -73.98417</a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Opera company in New York City</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:MET_Opera_(48047450723).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/MET_Opera_%2848047450723%29.jpg/200px-MET_Opera_%2848047450723%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/MET_Opera_%2848047450723%29.jpg/300px-MET_Opera_%2848047450723%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/MET_Opera_%2848047450723%29.jpg/400px-MET_Opera_%2848047450723%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3440" data-file-height="2544" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera_House_(Lincoln_Center)" title="Metropolitan Opera House (Lincoln Center)">Metropolitan Opera House</a> at <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Center" title="Lincoln Center">Lincoln Center</a>, home of the Metropolitan Opera</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Metropolitan_Opera_House,_a_concert_by_pianist_Josef_Hofmann_-_NARA_541890_-_Edit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Metropolitan_Opera_House%2C_a_concert_by_pianist_Josef_Hofmann_-_NARA_541890_-_Edit.jpg/200px-Metropolitan_Opera_House%2C_a_concert_by_pianist_Josef_Hofmann_-_NARA_541890_-_Edit.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Metropolitan_Opera_House%2C_a_concert_by_pianist_Josef_Hofmann_-_NARA_541890_-_Edit.jpg/300px-Metropolitan_Opera_House%2C_a_concert_by_pianist_Josef_Hofmann_-_NARA_541890_-_Edit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Metropolitan_Opera_House%2C_a_concert_by_pianist_Josef_Hofmann_-_NARA_541890_-_Edit.jpg/400px-Metropolitan_Opera_House%2C_a_concert_by_pianist_Josef_Hofmann_-_NARA_541890_-_Edit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2886" data-file-height="1750" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Full house at the old Metropolitan Opera House, seen from the rear of the stage, at a concert by pianist <a href="/wiki/Josef_Hofmann" title="Josef Hofmann">Josef Hofmann</a>, November 28, 1937</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Metropolitan_Opera_auditorium.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Metropolitan_Opera_auditorium.jpg/200px-Metropolitan_Opera_auditorium.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Metropolitan_Opera_auditorium.jpg/300px-Metropolitan_Opera_auditorium.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Metropolitan_Opera_auditorium.jpg/400px-Metropolitan_Opera_auditorium.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Auditorium of the Metropolitan Opera House at Lincoln Center</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Metropolitan_Opera_curtain.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Metropolitan_Opera_curtain.jpg/200px-Metropolitan_Opera_curtain.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Metropolitan_Opera_curtain.jpg/300px-Metropolitan_Opera_curtain.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Metropolitan_Opera_curtain.jpg/400px-Metropolitan_Opera_curtain.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Gold curtain, a gift of the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera_Club" title="Metropolitan Opera Club">Metropolitan Opera Club</a>, in the auditorium</div></div></div></div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:20141009_Metropolitan_Opera_House_NYC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/20141009_Metropolitan_Opera_House_NYC.jpg/220px-20141009_Metropolitan_Opera_House_NYC.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/20141009_Metropolitan_Opera_House_NYC.jpg/330px-20141009_Metropolitan_Opera_House_NYC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/20141009_Metropolitan_Opera_House_NYC.jpg/440px-20141009_Metropolitan_Opera_House_NYC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4128" data-file-height="2322" /></a><figcaption>Metropolitan Opera and Lincoln Center</figcaption></figure> The Metropolitan Opera is an American opera company based in New York City, currently resident at the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera_House_(Lincoln_Center)" title="Metropolitan Opera House (Lincoln Center)">Metropolitan Opera House</a> at <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Center" title="Lincoln Center">Lincoln Center</a>, situated on the <a href="/wiki/Upper_West_Side" title="Upper West Side">Upper West Side</a> of <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>. Referred to colloquially as "the Met"<a href="#cite_note-1">[a]</a>, the company is operated by the non-profit Metropolitan Opera Association, with <a href="/wiki/Peter_Gelb" title="Peter Gelb">Peter Gelb</a> as the general manager.<a href="#cite_note-2">[1]</a> The company's music director has been <a href="/wiki/Yannick_N%C3%A9zet-S%C3%A9guin" title="Yannick Nézet-Séguin">Yannick Nézet-Séguin</a> since 2018.<a href="#cite_note-3">[2]</a> The Met was founded in 1883 as an alternative to the previously established <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Music_(New_York_City)" title="Academy of Music (New York City)">Academy of Music</a> opera house and debuted the same year in a new <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera_House_(39th_Street)" title="Metropolitan Opera House (39th Street)">building on 39th and Broadway</a> (now known as the "Old Met").<a href="#cite_note-About-4">[3]</a> It moved to the new Lincoln Center location in 1966. The Metropolitan Opera is the largest classical music organization in North America. Until 2019, it presented about 27 different operas each year from late September through May. The operas are presented in a rotating repertory schedule, with up to seven performances of four different works staged each week. Performances are given in the evening Monday through Saturday with a matinée on Saturday. Several operas are presented in new productions each season. Sometimes these are borrowed from or shared with other opera companies. The rest of the year's operas are given in revivals of productions from previous seasons. The 2015–16 season comprised 227 performances of 25 operas.<a href="#cite_note-5">[4]</a> The operas in the Met's repertoire consist of a wide range of works, from 18th-century <a href="/wiki/Baroque_music" title="Baroque music">Baroque</a> and 19th-century <a href="/wiki/Bel_canto" title="Bel canto">Bel canto</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Minimal_music" title="Minimal music">Minimalism</a> of the late 20th and 21st centuries.<a href="#cite_note-6">[5]</a> These operas are presented in staged productions that range in style from those with elaborate traditional decors to others that feature modern conceptual designs. The Met's performing company consists of a large symphony orchestra, a chorus, children's choir, and many supporting and leading solo singers. The company also employs numerous free-lance dancers, actors, musicians and other performers throughout the season. The Met's roster of singers includes both international and American artists, some of whose careers have been developed through the Met's young artists programs. While many singers appear periodically as guests with the company, others maintain a close long-standing association with the Met, appearing many times each season until they retire. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Metropolitan_Opera&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_premieres_at_the_Metropolitan_Opera" title="List of premieres at the Metropolitan Opera">List of premieres at the Metropolitan Opera</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_performers_at_the_Metropolitan_Opera" title="List of performers at the Metropolitan Opera">List of performers at the Metropolitan Opera</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins">Origins</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Metropolitan_Opera&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Origins">edit</a>]</div> The Metropolitan Opera Company was founded in 1883 as an alternative to New York's old established <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Music_(New_York_City)" title="Academy of Music (New York City)">Academy of Music</a> opera house.<a href="#cite_note-Thiemann_Sommer-7">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-About-4">[3]</a> The subscribers to the academy's limited number of private boxes represented the highest stratum in New York society. By 1880, these "<a href="/wiki/Old_money" title="Old money">old money</a>" families were loath to admit New York's newly wealthy industrialists into their long-established social circle. Frustrated with being excluded, the Metropolitan Opera's founding subscribers determined to build a new opera house that would outshine the old Academy in every way.<a href="#cite_note-8">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[8]</a> A group of 22 men assembled at <a href="/wiki/Delmonico%27s" title="Delmonico's">Delmonico's</a> restaurant on April 28, 1880. They elected officers and established subscriptions for ownership in the new company.<a href="#cite_note-10">[9]</a> The new theater, built at <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera_House_(39th_Street)" title="Metropolitan Opera House (39th Street)">39th and Broadway</a>, would include three tiers of private boxes in which the scions of New York's powerful new industrial families could display their wealth and establish their social prominence. The first subscribers included members of the <a href="/wiki/Morgan_family" title="Morgan family">Morgan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_family" title="Roosevelt family">Roosevelt</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vanderbilt_family" title="Vanderbilt family">Vanderbilt</a> families, all of whom had been excluded from the academy. The new Metropolitan Opera House opened on October 22, 1883,<a href="#cite_note-Met_Opera_Family-1883-11">[10]</a> and was an immediate success, both socially and artistically. The Academy of Music's opera season folded just three years after the Met opened. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inaugural_season">Inaugural season</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Metropolitan_Opera&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Inaugural season">edit</a>]</div> In its early decades the Met did not produce the opera performances itself but hired prominent manager/<a href="/wiki/Impresario" title="Impresario">impresarios</a> to stage a season of opera at the new <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera_House_(39th_Street)" title="Metropolitan Opera House (39th Street)">Metropolitan Opera House</a>. <a href="/wiki/Henry_Eugene_Abbey" title="Henry Eugene Abbey">Henry Abbey</a> served as manager for the inaugural season, 1883–84, which opened with a performance of <a href="/wiki/Charles_Gounod" title="Charles Gounod">Charles Gounod</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Faust_(opera)" title="Faust (opera)">Faust</a> starring the brilliant Swedish soprano <a href="/wiki/Christina_Nilsson" title="Christina Nilsson">Christina Nilsson</a>.<a href="#cite_note-12">[11]</a> Abbey's company that first season featured an ensemble of artists led by sopranos Nilsson and <a href="/wiki/Marcella_Sembrich" title="Marcella Sembrich">Marcella Sembrich</a>; mezzo-soprano <a href="/wiki/Sofia_Scalchi" title="Sofia Scalchi">Sofia Scalchi</a>; tenors <a href="/wiki/Italo_Campanini" title="Italo Campanini">Italo Campanini</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roberto_Stagno" title="Roberto Stagno">Roberto Stagno</a>; baritone <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Del_Puente" title="Giuseppe Del Puente">Giuseppe Del Puente</a>; and bass <a href="/w/index.php?title=Franco_Novara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Franco Novara (page does not exist)">Franco Novara</a>. They gave 150 performances of 20 different operas by Gounod, Meyerbeer, Bellini, Donizetti, Verdi, Wagner, Mozart, Thomas, Bizet, Flotow, and Ponchielli. All performances were sung in Italian and were conducted either by music director <a href="/wiki/Auguste_Vianesi" title="Auguste Vianesi">Auguste Vianesi</a> or <a href="/wiki/Cleofonte_Campanini" title="Cleofonte Campanini">Cleofonte Campanini</a> (the tenor Italo's brother).[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The company performed not only in the new Manhattan opera house, but also started a long tradition of touring throughout the country. In the winter and spring of 1884 the Met presented opera in theaters in Brooklyn, Boston, Philadelphia (see below), Chicago, St. Louis, Cincinnati, Washington D.C., and Baltimore. Back in New York, the last night of the season featured a long gala performance to benefit Mr. Abbey. The special program consisted not only of various scenes from opera, but also offered Marcella Sembrich playing the violin and the piano, as well as the famed stage actors <a href="/wiki/Henry_Irving" title="Henry Irving">Henry Irving</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ellen_Terry" title="Ellen Terry">Ellen Terry</a> in a scene from Shakespeare's <a href="/wiki/The_Merchant_of_Venice" title="The Merchant of Venice">The Merchant of Venice</a>. Abbey's inaugural season resulted in very large financial deficits.<a href="#cite_note-Thiemann_Sommer-7">[6]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_Met_in_Philadelphia">The Met in Philadelphia</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Metropolitan_Opera&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: The Met in Philadelphia">edit</a>]</div> The Metropolitan Opera began a long history of performing in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a> during its first season, presenting its entire repertoire in the city during January and April 1884. The company's first Philadelphia performance was of Faust (with Christina Nilsson) on January 14, 1884, at the <a href="/wiki/Chestnut_Street_Opera_House" title="Chestnut Street Opera House">Chestnut Street Opera House</a>.<a href="#cite_note-13">[12]</a> The Met continued to perform annually in Philadelphia for nearly eighty years, taking the entire company to the city on selected Tuesday nights throughout the opera season. Performances were usually held at Philadelphia's <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Music_(Philadelphia)" title="Academy of Music (Philadelphia)">Academy of Music</a>, with the company presenting close to 900 performances in the city by 1961 when the Met's regular visits ceased.<a href="#cite_note-14">[13]</a> On April 26, 1910, the Met purchased the Philadelphia Opera House from <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Hammerstein_I" title="Oscar Hammerstein I">Oscar Hammerstein I</a>.<a href="#cite_note-15">[14]</a> The company renamed the house the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera_House_(Philadelphia)" title="Metropolitan Opera House (Philadelphia)">Metropolitan Opera House</a> and performed all of their Philadelphia performances there until 1920, when the company sold the theater and resumed performing at the Academy of Music.<a href="#cite_note-16">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[16]</a> During the Met's early years, the company annually presented a dozen or more opera performances in Philadelphia throughout the season. Over the years the number of performances was gradually reduced until the final Philadelphia season in 1961 consisted of only four operas.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The final performance of that last season was on March 21, 1961, with <a href="/wiki/Birgit_Nilsson" title="Birgit Nilsson">Birgit Nilsson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Franco_Corelli" title="Franco Corelli">Franco Corelli</a> in <a href="/wiki/Turandot" title="Turandot">Turandot</a>. After the Tuesday night visits were ended, the Met still returned to Philadelphia on its spring tours in 1967, 1968, 1978, and 1979.<a href="#cite_note-18">[17]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="German_seasons">German seasons</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Metropolitan_Opera&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: German seasons">edit</a>]</div> For its second season, the Met's directors turned to <a href="/wiki/Leopold_Damrosch" title="Leopold Damrosch">Leopold Damrosch</a> as general manager.<a href="#cite_note-Thiemann_Sommer-7">[6]</a> The revered conductor of the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Symphony_Orchestra" title="New York Symphony Orchestra">New York Symphony Orchestra</a> was engaged to lead the opera company in an all German language repertory and serve as its chief conductor.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Under Damrosch, the company consisted of some the most celebrated singers from Europe's German-language opera houses. The new German Met found great popular and critical success in the works of Wagner and other German composers as well as in Italian and French operas sung in German. Damrosch died only months into his first season at the Met.<a href="#cite_note-19">[18]</a> Edmund Stanton replaced Damrosch the following year and served as general manager through the 1890–91 season. The Met's six German seasons were especially noted for performances by the celebrated conductor <a href="/wiki/Anton_Seidl" title="Anton Seidl">Anton Seidl</a> whose Wagner interpretations were noted for their almost mystical intensity. The conductor <a href="/wiki/Walter_Damrosch" title="Walter Damrosch">Walter Damrosch</a>, Leopold's son, also initiated a long relationship with the Met during this period.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mapleson_Cylinders">Mapleson Cylinders</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Metropolitan_Opera&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Mapleson Cylinders">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mapleson_Cylinders" title="Mapleson Cylinders">Mapleson Cylinders</a></div> From 1900 to 1904, Lionel Mapleson (1865–1937) made a series of sound recordings at the Met. Mapleson, the nephew of the opera impresario <a href="/wiki/James_Henry_Mapleson" title="James Henry Mapleson">James Henry Mapleson</a>, was employed by the Met as a violinist and music librarian.<a href="#cite_note-20">[19]</a> He used an Edison <a href="/wiki/Phonograph_cylinder" title="Phonograph cylinder">cylinder</a> <a href="/wiki/Phonograph" title="Phonograph">phonograph</a> set-up near the stage to capture short, one- to five-minute recordings of the soloists, chorus and orchestra during performances. These unique acoustic documents, known as the <a href="/wiki/Mapleson_Cylinders" title="Mapleson Cylinders">Mapleson Cylinders</a>, preserve an audio picture of the early Met, and are the only known extant recordings of some performers, including the tenor Jean de Reszke and the dramatic soprano Milka Ternina. The recordings were later issued on a series of LPs and, in 2002, were included in the <a href="/wiki/National_Recording_Registry" title="National Recording Registry">National Recording Registry</a>.<a href="#cite_note-21">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[b]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[21]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Annual_spring_tour">Annual spring tour</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Metropolitan_Opera&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Annual spring tour">edit</a>]</div> Beginning in 1898, the Metropolitan Opera company of singers and musicians undertook a six-week tour of American cities following its season in New York. These annual spring tours brought the company and its stars to cities throughout the U.S., most of which had no opera company of their own. In Cleveland, for example, Met stops were sporadic until 1924, when underwriting efforts spearheaded by <a href="/wiki/Newton_D._Baker" title="Newton D. Baker">Newton D. Baker</a> led to 3 consecutive years of annual 8-engagement performances. This led to the formation of the Northern Ohio Opera Association led by future U.S. Senator <a href="/wiki/Robert_J._Bulkley" title="Robert J. Bulkley">Robert J. Bulkley</a> with the express purpose of underwriting long-term touring contracts with the Met. Cleveland was a particular lucrative stop for the Met, which had no competition in the form of a local opera company, and performances were held in the enormous Public Auditorium, which sat well over 9,000 people.<a href="#cite_note-24">[22]</a> The Met's national tours continued until 1986.<a href="#cite_note-tour-25">[23]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administrations">Administrations</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Metropolitan_Opera&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Administrations">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Abbey,_Schoeffel,_and_Grau">Abbey, Schoeffel, and Grau</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Metropolitan_Opera&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Abbey, Schoeffel, and Grau">edit</a>]</div> Italian opera returned to the Met in 1891 in a glittering season of stars organized by the returning Henry E. Abbey, John B. Schoeffel<a href="#cite_note-26">[24]</a> and Maurice Grau<a href="#cite_note-GRAU-27">[25]</a> as <a href="/wiki/Abbey,_Schoeffel_and_Grau" title="Abbey, Schoeffel and Grau">Abbey, Schoeffel and Grau</a>. After missing a season to rebuild the opera house following a fire in August 1892 which destroyed most of the theater, Abbey and Grau continued as co-managers along with John Schoeffel as the business partner, initiating the so-called "Golden Age of Opera". Most of the greatest operatic artists in the world then graced the stage of the Metropolitan Opera House in Italian as well as German and French repertory. Notable among them were the brothers <a href="/wiki/Jean_de_Reszke" title="Jean de Reszke">Jean</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_de_Reszke" title="Édouard de Reszke">Édouard de Reszke</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lilli_Lehmann" title="Lilli Lehmann">Lilli Lehmann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emma_Calv%C3%A9" title="Emma Calvé">Emma Calvé</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lillian_Nordica" title="Lillian Nordica">Lillian Nordica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nellie_Melba" title="Nellie Melba">Nellie Melba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marcella_Sembrich" title="Marcella Sembrich">Marcella Sembrich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Milka_Ternina" title="Milka Ternina">Milka Ternina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emma_Eames" title="Emma Eames">Emma Eames</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sofia_Scalchi" title="Sofia Scalchi">Sofia Scalchi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ernestine_Schumann-Heink" title="Ernestine Schumann-Heink">Ernestine Schumann-Heink</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Tamagno" title="Francesco Tamagno">Francesco Tamagno</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francesc_Vi%C3%B1as" title="Francesc Viñas">Francesc Viñas</a>, Jean Lassalle, <a href="/wiki/Mario_Ancona" title="Mario Ancona">Mario Ancona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Victor_Maurel" title="Victor Maurel">Victor Maurel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Scotti" title="Antonio Scotti">Antonio Scotti</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pol_Plan%C3%A7on" title="Pol Plançon">Pol Plançon</a>. Henry Abbey died in 1896,<a href="#cite_note-28">[26]</a> and Maurice Grau continued as sole manager of the Met from 1896 to 1903.<a href="#cite_note-GRAU-27">[25]</a> The early 1900s saw the development of distinct Italian, German and later French "wings" within the Met's roster of artists including separate German and Italian choruses. This division of the company's forces faded after World War II when solo artists spent less time engaged at any one company.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Heinrich_Conried">Heinrich Conried</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Metropolitan_Opera&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Heinrich Conried">edit</a>]</div> The administration of <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Conried" title="Heinrich Conried">Heinrich Conried</a> in 1903–08 was distinguished especially by the arrival of the Neapolitan tenor <a href="/wiki/Enrico_Caruso" title="Enrico Caruso">Enrico Caruso</a>, the most celebrated singer who ever appeared at the old Metropolitan. He was also instrumental in hiring conductor <a href="/wiki/Arturo_Vigna" title="Arturo Vigna">Arturo Vigna</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Giulio_Gatti-Casazza">Giulio Gatti-Casazza</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Metropolitan_Opera&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Giulio Gatti-Casazza">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gatti_Casazza.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Gatti_Casazza.jpg/170px-Gatti_Casazza.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="235" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Gatti_Casazza.jpg/255px-Gatti_Casazza.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Gatti_Casazza.jpg/340px-Gatti_Casazza.jpg 2x" data-file-width="432" data-file-height="597" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Giulio_Gatti-Casazza" title="Giulio Gatti-Casazza">Giulio Gatti-Casazza</a></figcaption></figure> Conried was followed by <a href="/wiki/Giulio_Gatti-Casazza" title="Giulio Gatti-Casazza">Giulio Gatti-Casazza</a>, who held a 27-year tenure from 1908 to 1935. Gatti-Casazza had been lured by the Met from a celebrated tenure as director of Milan's <a href="/wiki/La_Scala" title="La Scala">La Scala Opera House</a>. His model planning, authoritative organizational skills and brilliant casts raised the Metropolitan Opera to a prolonged era of artistic innovation and musical excellence. He brought with him the fiery and brilliant conductor <a href="/wiki/Arturo_Toscanini" title="Arturo Toscanini">Arturo Toscanini</a>, the music director from his seasons at La Scala. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Metropolitan_Opera_Schedule_March_22-29,_1935.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Metropolitan_Opera_Schedule_March_22-29%2C_1935.jpg/220px-Metropolitan_Opera_Schedule_March_22-29%2C_1935.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="325" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Metropolitan_Opera_Schedule_March_22-29%2C_1935.jpg/330px-Metropolitan_Opera_Schedule_March_22-29%2C_1935.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Metropolitan_Opera_Schedule_March_22-29%2C_1935.jpg/440px-Metropolitan_Opera_Schedule_March_22-29%2C_1935.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1803" data-file-height="2662" /></a><figcaption>Gatti-Casazza's last week at the Met (March 22–29, 1935)</figcaption></figure> Many of the most noted singers of the era appeared at the Met under Gatti-Casazza's leadership, including sopranos <a href="/wiki/Rosa_Ponselle" title="Rosa Ponselle">Rosa Ponselle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_Rethberg" title="Elisabeth Rethberg">Elisabeth Rethberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maria_Jeritza" title="Maria Jeritza">Maria Jeritza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emmy_Destinn" title="Emmy Destinn">Emmy Destinn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frances_Alda" title="Frances Alda">Frances Alda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frida_Leider" title="Frida Leider">Frida Leider</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amelita_Galli-Curci" title="Amelita Galli-Curci">Amelita Galli-Curci</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bernice_de_Pasquali" title="Bernice de Pasquali">Bernice de Pasquali</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lily_Pons" title="Lily Pons">Lily Pons</a>; tenors <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Urlus" title="Jacques Urlus">Jacques Urlus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Martinelli" title="Giovanni Martinelli">Giovanni Martinelli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beniamino_Gigli" title="Beniamino Gigli">Beniamino Gigli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Lauri-Volpi" title="Giacomo Lauri-Volpi">Giacomo Lauri-Volpi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lauritz_Melchior" title="Lauritz Melchior">Lauritz Melchior</a>; baritones <a href="/wiki/Titta_Ruffo" title="Titta Ruffo">Titta Ruffo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_De_Luca" title="Giuseppe De Luca">Giuseppe De Luca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pasquale_Amato" title="Pasquale Amato">Pasquale Amato</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Tibbett" title="Lawrence Tibbett">Lawrence Tibbett</a>; and basses <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Schorr" title="Friedrich Schorr">Friedrich Schorr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Feodor_Chaliapin" title="Feodor Chaliapin">Feodor Chaliapin</a>, Jose Mardones, <a href="/wiki/Tancredi_Pasero" title="Tancredi Pasero">Tancredi Pasero</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ezio_Pinza" title="Ezio Pinza">Ezio Pinza</a>—among many others. Toscanini served as the Met's principal conductor (but with no official title) from 1908 to 1915, leading the company in performances of Verdi, Wagner and others that set standards for the company for decades to come. The Viennese composer <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler">Gustav Mahler</a> also was a Met conductor during Gatti-Casazza's first two seasons and in later years conductors <a href="/wiki/Tullio_Serafin" title="Tullio Serafin">Tullio Serafin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Artur_Bodanzky" title="Artur Bodanzky">Artur Bodanzky</a> led the company in the Italian and German repertories respectively. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Artur_Bodanzky_at_the_Metropolitan_Opera_in_1915.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Artur_Bodanzky_at_the_Metropolitan_Opera_in_1915.jpg/170px-Artur_Bodanzky_at_the_Metropolitan_Opera_in_1915.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Artur_Bodanzky_at_the_Metropolitan_Opera_in_1915.jpg/255px-Artur_Bodanzky_at_the_Metropolitan_Opera_in_1915.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Artur_Bodanzky_at_the_Metropolitan_Opera_in_1915.jpg/340px-Artur_Bodanzky_at_the_Metropolitan_Opera_in_1915.jpg 2x" data-file-width="704" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Artur_Bodanzky" title="Artur Bodanzky">Artur Bodanzky</a> at the Metropolitan Opera in 1915</figcaption></figure> Following Toscanini's departure, Gatti-Casazza successfully guided the company through the years of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> into another decade of premieres, new productions and popular success in the 1920s. The 1930s, however, brought new financial and organizational challenges for the company. In 1931, <a href="/wiki/Otto_Hermann_Kahn" title="Otto Hermann Kahn">Otto Kahn</a>, the noted financier, resigned as head of the Met's board of directors and president of the Metropolitan Opera Company. He had been responsible for engaging Gatti-Casazza and had held the position of president since the beginning of Gatti-Casazza's term as manager. The new chair, prominent lawyer <a href="/wiki/Paul_Drennan_Cravath" title="Paul Drennan Cravath">Paul Cravath</a>, had served as the board's legal counsel.<a href="#cite_note-kahnresigns-29">[27]</a> Retaining Gatti-Casazza as manager, Cravath focused his attention on managing the business affairs of the company.<a href="#cite_note-cravathstarts-30">[28]</a> In 1926, as part of the <a href="/wiki/Construction_of_Rockefeller_Center" title="Construction of Rockefeller Center">construction of Rockefeller Center</a>, a plan was floated to move the opera from the building on 39th Street to the new <a href="/wiki/Rockefeller_Center" title="Rockefeller Center">Rockefeller Center</a>.<a href="#cite_note-31">[29]</a> The plan was dropped in 1929 when it became apparent that it would produce no savings, and because the Met did not have enough money to move to a new opera house.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-Opera-Site-Dropped-1929-32">[30]</a> It soon became apparent that the <a href="/wiki/Wall_Street_Crash_of_1929" class="mw-redirect" title="Wall Street Crash of 1929">Wall Street Crash of 1929</a> and subsequent <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">depression</a> had resulted in a dangerously large deficit in the company's accounts. Between 1929 and 1931 ticket sales remained robust, but subsidies from the Met's wealthy supporters had significantly declined.<a href="#cite_note-deficit-33">[31]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-07682,_Otto_H._Kahn.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-07682%2C_Otto_H._Kahn.jpg/170px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-07682%2C_Otto_H._Kahn.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-07682%2C_Otto_H._Kahn.jpg/255px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-07682%2C_Otto_H._Kahn.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-07682%2C_Otto_H._Kahn.jpg/340px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-07682%2C_Otto_H._Kahn.jpg 2x" data-file-width="517" data-file-height="790" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Otto_Hermann_Kahn" title="Otto Hermann Kahn">Otto Hermann Kahn</a> in Berlin, 1931</figcaption></figure> Soon after his appointment, Cravath obtained new revenue through a contract with the <a href="/wiki/National_Broadcasting_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="National Broadcasting Company">National Broadcasting Company</a> for weekly radio broadcasts of Met performances.<a href="#cite_note-nbc-34">[32]</a> The first national broadcast took place December 25, 1931, when <a href="/wiki/Hansel_and_Gretel_(opera)" title="Hansel and Gretel (opera)">Hansel and Gretel</a> was aired.<a href="#cite_note-35">[c]</a><a href="#cite_note-molto-36">[33]</a> With Gatti's support, Cravath also obtained a ten percent reduction in the pay of all salaried employees beginning with the opera season of 1931/32. Cravath also engineered a reorganization of the management company by which it was transformed from a corporation, in which all participants were stockholders, to an association, whose members need not have a financial interest in operations. Apart from this change, the new Metropolitan Opera Association was virtually identical to the old Metropolitan Opera Company. It was hoped the association would be able to save money as it renegotiated contracts which the company had made.<a href="#cite_note-37">[34]</a> During this period there was no change in the organization of the Metropolitan Real Estate Opera Company which owned the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera_House_(39th_St)" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan Opera House (39th St)">opera house</a>. It remained in the hands of the society families who owned its stock, yet the subsidies that the house and its owners had given the producing company fell off. In March 1932, Cravath found that income resulting from the broadcasts and savings from both salary cuts and reorganization were not sufficient to cover the company's deficits. Representatives of the opera house, the producing company, and the artists formed a committee for fundraising among the public at large. Mainly though appeals made to radio audiences during the weekly broadcasts, the committee was able to obtain enough money to assure continuation of opera for the 1933–34 season.<a href="#cite_note-appeal-38">[35]</a> Called the committee to Save Metropolitan Opera, the group was headed by the well-loved leading soprano, <a href="/wiki/Lucrezia_Bori" title="Lucrezia Bori">Lucrezia Bori</a>. Bori not only led the committee, but also personally carried out much of its work and within a few months her fundraising efforts produced the $300,000 that were needed for the coming season.<a href="#cite_note-success-39">[36]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Edward_Johnson">Edward Johnson</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Metropolitan_Opera&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Edward Johnson">edit</a>]</div> In April 1935, Gatti stepped down after 27 years as general manager. His immediate successor, the former Met bass <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Witherspoon" title="Herbert Witherspoon">Herbert Witherspoon</a>, died of a heart attack barely six weeks into his term of office.<a href="#cite_note-HWCT-40">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-HWNYT-41">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-HWT-42">[39]</a> This opened the way for the Canadian tenor and former Met artist <a href="/wiki/Edward_Johnson_(tenor)" title="Edward Johnson (tenor)">Edward Johnson</a> to be appointed general manager. Johnson served the company for the next 15 years, guiding the Met through the remaining years of the depression and the <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> era. The producing company's financial difficulties continued in the years immediately following the desperate season of 1933–34. To meet budget shortfalls, fundraising continued and the number of performances was curtailed. Still, on given nights the brilliant Wagner pairing of the Norwegian soprano <a href="/wiki/Kirsten_Flagstad" title="Kirsten Flagstad">Kirsten Flagstad</a> with the great <a href="/wiki/Heldentenor" title="Heldentenor">heldentenor</a> <a href="/wiki/Lauritz_Melchior" title="Lauritz Melchior">Lauritz Melchior</a> proved irresistible to audiences even in such troubled times. To expand the Met's support among its national radio audience, the Met board's <a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Robson_Belmont" title="Eleanor Robson Belmont">Eleanor Robson Belmont</a>, the former actress and wife to industrialist <a href="/wiki/August_Belmont" title="August Belmont">August Belmont</a>, was appointed head of a new organization—the Metropolitan Opera Guild—as successor to a women's club Belmont had set up. The Guild supported the producing company through subscriptions to its magazine, <a href="/wiki/Opera_News" title="Opera News">Opera News</a>, and through Mrs. Belmont's weekly appeals on the Met's radio broadcasts.<a href="#cite_note-molto-36">[33]</a> In 1940 ownership of the performing company and the opera house was transferred to the non-profit Metropolitan Opera Association from the company's original partnership of New York society families. <a href="/wiki/Zinka_Milanov" title="Zinka Milanov">Zinka Milanov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jussi_Bj%C3%B6rling" title="Jussi Björling">Jussi Björling</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Kipnis" title="Alexander Kipnis">Alexander Kipnis</a> were first heard at the Met under Johnson's management. During World War II when many European artists were unavailable, the Met recruited American singers as never before. <a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Steber" title="Eleanor Steber">Eleanor Steber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Kirsten" title="Dorothy Kirsten">Dorothy Kirsten</a>, <a href="/wiki/Helen_Traubel" title="Helen Traubel">Helen Traubel</a> (Flagstad's successor as Wagner's heroines), <a href="/wiki/Jan_Peerce" title="Jan Peerce">Jan Peerce</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Tucker_(tenor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Tucker (tenor)">Richard Tucker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Warren" title="Leonard Warren">Leonard Warren</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Merrill" title="Robert Merrill">Robert Merrill</a> were among the many home grown artists to become stars at the Met in the 1940s. <a href="/wiki/Ettore_Panizza" title="Ettore Panizza">Ettore Panizza</a>, Sir <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Beecham" title="Thomas Beecham">Thomas Beecham</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Szell" title="George Szell">George Szell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bruno_Walter" title="Bruno Walter">Bruno Walter</a> were among the leading conductors engaged during Johnson's tenure. <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Adler" title="Kurt Adler">Kurt Adler</a> began his long tenure as chorus master and staff conductor in 1943. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rudolf_Bing">Rudolf Bing</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Metropolitan_Opera&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Rudolf Bing">edit</a>]</div> Succeeding Johnson in 1950 was the Austrian-born <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Bing" title="Rudolf Bing">Rudolf Bing</a> who had most recently created and served as director of the <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_International_Festival" title="Edinburgh International Festival">Edinburgh Festival</a>. Serving from 1950 to 1972, Bing became one of the Met's most influential and reformist leaders. Bing modernized the administration of the company, ended[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">how?</a>] an archaic[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">how?</a>] ticket sales system, and brought an end to the company's Tuesday night performances in Philadelphia.<a href="#cite_note-43">[40]</a> He presided over an era of fine singing and glittering new productions, while guiding the company's move to a new home in Lincoln Center. While many outstanding singers debuted at the Met under Bing's guiding hand, music critics complained of a lack of great conducting during his regime,[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] even though such eminent conductors as <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Stiedry" title="Fritz Stiedry">Fritz Stiedry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dimitri_Mitropoulos" title="Dimitri Mitropoulos">Dimitri Mitropoulos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erich_Leinsdorf" title="Erich Leinsdorf">Erich Leinsdorf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Reiner" title="Fritz Reiner">Fritz Reiner</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Karl_B%C3%B6hm" title="Karl Böhm">Karl Böhm</a> appeared frequently in the 1950s and '60s. Among the most significant achievements of Bing's tenure was the opening of the Met's artistic roster to include singers of color.<a href="#cite_note-44">[41]</a> <a href="/wiki/Marian_Anderson" title="Marian Anderson">Marian Anderson</a>'s historic 1955 debut was followed by the introduction of a gifted generation of African American artists led by <a href="/wiki/Leontyne_Price" title="Leontyne Price">Leontyne Price</a> (who inaugurated the new house at Lincoln Center), <a href="/wiki/Reri_Grist" title="Reri Grist">Reri Grist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grace_Bumbry" title="Grace Bumbry">Grace Bumbry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shirley_Verrett" title="Shirley Verrett">Shirley Verrett</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martina_Arroyo" title="Martina Arroyo">Martina Arroyo</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Shirley" title="George Shirley">George Shirley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_McFerrin" title="Robert McFerrin">Robert McFerrin</a>, and many others. Other celebrated singers who debuted at the Met during Bing's tenure include: <a href="/wiki/Roberta_Peters" title="Roberta Peters">Roberta Peters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Victoria_de_los_%C3%81ngeles" title="Victoria de los Ángeles">Victoria de los Ángeles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Renata_Tebaldi" title="Renata Tebaldi">Renata Tebaldi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maria_Callas" title="Maria Callas">Maria Callas</a>, who had a bitter falling out with Bing over repertoire,[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>], <a href="/wiki/Birgit_Nilsson" title="Birgit Nilsson">Birgit Nilsson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joan_Sutherland" title="Joan Sutherland">Joan Sutherland</a>, <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9gine_Crespin" title="Régine Crespin">Régine Crespin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mirella_Freni" title="Mirella Freni">Mirella Freni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Renata_Scotto" title="Renata Scotto">Renata Scotto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montserrat_Caball%C3%A9" title="Montserrat Caballé">Montserrat Caballé</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_Schwarzkopf" title="Elisabeth Schwarzkopf">Elisabeth Schwarzkopf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anna_Moffo" title="Anna Moffo">Anna Moffo</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_McCracken" title="James McCracken">James McCracken</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Bergonzi_(tenor)" title="Carlo Bergonzi (tenor)">Carlo Bergonzi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Franco_Corelli" title="Franco Corelli">Franco Corelli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alfredo_Kraus" title="Alfredo Kraus">Alfredo Kraus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pl%C3%A1cido_Domingo" title="Plácido Domingo">Plácido Domingo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nicolai_Gedda" title="Nicolai Gedda">Nicolai Gedda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luciano_Pavarotti" title="Luciano Pavarotti">Luciano Pavarotti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jon_Vickers" title="Jon Vickers">Jon Vickers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tito_Gobbi" title="Tito Gobbi">Tito Gobbi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sherrill_Milnes" title="Sherrill Milnes">Sherrill Milnes</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cesare_Siepi" title="Cesare Siepi">Cesare Siepi</a>. The Met's 1961 production of <a href="/wiki/Turandot" title="Turandot">Turandot</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Leopold_Stokowski" title="Leopold Stokowski">Leopold Stokowski</a> conducting, <a href="/wiki/Birgit_Nilsson" title="Birgit Nilsson">Birgit Nilsson</a> in the title role, and <a href="/wiki/Franco_Corelli" title="Franco Corelli">Franco Corelli</a> as Calàf,<a href="#cite_note-45">[42]</a> was called the Met's "biggest hit in 10 years".<a href="#cite_note-46">[43]</a> For the 1962/1963 season, <a href="/wiki/Renata_Tebaldi" title="Renata Tebaldi">Renata Tebaldi</a>, popular with Met audiences, convinced a reluctant Bing to stage a revival of <a href="/wiki/Adriana_Lecouvreur" title="Adriana Lecouvreur">Adriana Lecouvreur</a>, an opera last presented at the Met in 1907. In 1963, Anthony Bliss, a prominent New York lawyer and president of the Metropolitan Opera Association (MOA), convinced the MOA to create the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera_National_Company" title="Metropolitan Opera National Company">Metropolitan Opera National Company</a> (MONC); a second touring company that would present operas nationally with young operatic talent.<a href="#cite_note-ON-47">[44]</a> Supported by President <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a> and funded largely by donations given by philanthropist and publisher <a href="/wiki/Lila_Acheson_Wallace" title="Lila Acheson Wallace">Lila Acheson Wallace</a>, the company presented two seasons of operas in 1965–1966 and 1966–1967 in which hundreds of performances were given in hundreds of cities throughout the United States.<a href="#cite_note-ON-47">[44]</a> Bing publicly supported the organization, but privately detested the idea and actively worked to dismantle the company which he ultimately achieved in a vote of the board in December 1966.<a href="#cite_note-ON-47">[44]</a> The MONC's directors were mezzo-soprano <a href="/wiki/Ris%C3%AB_Stevens" title="Risë Stevens">Risë Stevens</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Manuel" title="Michael Manuel">Michael Manuel</a>, a long time stage manager and director at the Met.<a href="#cite_note-ON-47">[44]</a> Several well known opera singers performed with the MONC, including sopranos <a href="/wiki/Clarice_Carson" title="Clarice Carson">Clarice Carson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maralin_Niska" title="Maralin Niska">Maralin Niska</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mary_Beth_Peil" title="Mary Beth Peil">Mary Beth Peil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francesca_Roberto" title="Francesca Roberto">Francesca Roberto</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Marilyn_Zschau" title="Marilyn Zschau">Marilyn Zschau</a>; mezzo-sopranos <a href="/wiki/Joy_Davidson" title="Joy Davidson">Joy Davidson</a>, Sylvia Friederich, Dorothy Krebill, and <a href="/wiki/Huguette_Tourangeau" title="Huguette Tourangeau">Huguette Tourangeau</a>; tenors <a href="/wiki/Enrico_Di_Giuseppe" title="Enrico Di Giuseppe">Enrico Di Giuseppe</a>, Chris Lachona, Nicholas di Virgilio, and <a href="/wiki/Harry_Theyard" title="Harry Theyard">Harry Theyard</a>; baritones <a href="/wiki/Ron_Bottcher" title="Ron Bottcher">Ron Bottcher</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Fiorito" title="John Fiorito">John Fiorito</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jamerson" title="Thomas Jamerson">Thomas Jamerson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Julian_Patrick" title="Julian Patrick">Julian Patrick</a>, and Vern Shinall; bass-baritones <a href="/wiki/Andrij_Dobriansky" title="Andrij Dobriansky">Andrij Dobriansky</a>, Ronald Hedlund, and <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Voketaitis" title="Arnold Voketaitis">Arnold Voketaitis</a>; and bass <a href="/wiki/Paul_Plishka" title="Paul Plishka">Paul Plishka</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ON-47">[44]</a> During Bing's tenure, the officers of the Met joined forces with the officers of the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Philharmonic" title="New York Philharmonic">New York Philharmonic</a> to build the <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Center_for_the_Performing_Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts">Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts</a>, where the new <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera_House_(Lincoln_Center)" title="Metropolitan Opera House (Lincoln Center)">Metropolitan Opera House</a> building opened in 1966.<a href="#cite_note-48">[45]</a> The Met's first season at Lincoln Center featured nine new productions, including the world premiere of <a href="/wiki/Marvin_David_Levy" title="Marvin David Levy">Marvin David Levy</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Mourning_Becomes_Electra_(opera)" title="Mourning Becomes Electra (opera)">Mourning Becomes Electra</a>.<a href="#cite_note-49">[46]</a> However, the company would not premiere any new operas for decades afterwards, until 1991's <a href="/wiki/The_Ghosts_of_Versailles" title="The Ghosts of Versailles">The Ghosts of Versailles</a> by <a href="/wiki/John_Corigliano" title="John Corigliano">John Corigliano</a>. One critic described the period as "a quarter-century in which the notion of commissioned work reminded Met administrators of the emblematic failure of <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Barber" title="Samuel Barber">Samuel Barber</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Antony_and_Cleopatra_(1966_opera)" class="mw-redirect" title="Antony and Cleopatra (1966 opera)">Antony and Cleopatra</a> and the lukewarm reception of Marvin David Levy's Mourning Becomes Electra."<a href="#cite_note-50">[47]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gentele_to_Southern">Gentele to Southern</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Metropolitan_Opera&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Gentele to Southern">edit</a>]</div> Following Bing's retirement in 1972, the Met's management was overseen by a succession of executives and artists in shared authority. Bing's intended successor, the Swedish opera manager <a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6ran_Gentele" title="Göran Gentele">Göran Gentele</a>, died in an auto accident before the start of his first season. Following Gentele's tragic loss came <a href="/wiki/Schuyler_Chapin" title="Schuyler Chapin">Schuyler Chapin</a>, who served as general manager for three seasons. The greatest achievement of his tenure was the Met's first tour to Japan for three weeks in May–June 1975 which was the brainchild of impresario <a href="/wiki/Kazuko_Hillyer_International" title="Kazuko Hillyer International">Kazuko Hillyer</a>. The tour played a significant role in popularizing opera in Japan, and boasted an impressive line-up of artists in productions of <a href="/wiki/La_traviata" title="La traviata">La traviata</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carmen" title="Carmen">Carmen</a>, and <a href="/wiki/La_boh%C3%A8me" title="La bohème">La bohème</a>; including <a href="/wiki/Marilyn_Horne" title="Marilyn Horne">Marilyn Horne</a> as Carmen, <a href="/wiki/Joan_Sutherland" title="Joan Sutherland">Joan Sutherland</a> as Violetta, and tenors <a href="/wiki/Franco_Corelli" title="Franco Corelli">Franco Corelli</a> and <a href="/wiki/Luciano_Pavarotti" title="Luciano Pavarotti">Luciano Pavarotti</a> alternating as Rodolfo.<a href="#cite_note-51">[48]</a> Soprano <a href="/wiki/Renata_Tebaldi" title="Renata Tebaldi">Renata Tebaldi</a> retired from the Met in 1973 as Desdemona in <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Verdi" title="Giuseppe Verdi">Verdi</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Otello" title="Otello">Otello</a>, the same role she debuted there in 1955.<a href="#cite_note-52">[49]</a> From 1975 to 1981 the Met was guided by a triumvirate of directors: the general manager (Anthony A. Bliss), artistic director (<a href="/wiki/James_Levine" title="James Levine">James Levine</a>), and director of production (English stage director <a href="/wiki/John_Dexter" title="John Dexter">John Dexter</a>). Bliss was followed by Bruce Crawford and <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Southern" title="Hugh Southern">Hugh Southern</a>. Through this period the constant figure was James Levine. Engaged by Bing in 1971, Levine became principal conductor in 1973 and emerged as the Met's principal artistic leader through the last third of the 20th century. During the 1983–84 season the Met celebrated its 100th anniversary with an opening night revival of Berlioz's mammoth opera <a href="/wiki/Les_Troyens" title="Les Troyens">Les Troyens</a>, with soprano <a href="/wiki/Jessye_Norman" title="Jessye Norman">Jessye Norman</a> making her Met debut in the roles of both Cassandra and Dido. An eight-hour Centennial Gala concert in two parts followed on October 22, 1983, broadcast on <a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a>. The gala featured all of the Met's current stars as well as appearances by 26 veteran stars of the Met's the past. Among the artists, <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Bernstein" title="Leonard Bernstein">Leonard Bernstein</a> and Birgit Nilsson gave their last performances with the company at the concert.<a href="#cite_note-53">[50]</a> This season also marked the debut of bass <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Ramey" title="Samuel Ramey">Samuel Ramey</a>, who debuted as Argante in Handel's <a href="/wiki/Rinaldo_(opera)" title="Rinaldo (opera)">Rinaldo</a> in January 1984. The immediate post-Bing era saw a continuing addition of African-Americans to the roster of leading artists. <a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Battle" title="Kathleen Battle">Kathleen Battle</a>, who in 1977 made her Met debut as the Shepherd in Wagner's <a href="/wiki/Tannh%C3%A4user_(opera)" title="Tannhäuser (opera)">Tannhäuser</a>, became an important star in lyric soprano roles. Bass-baritone <a href="/wiki/Simon_Estes" title="Simon Estes">Simon Estes</a> began a prominent Met career with his 1982 debut as Hermann, also in Tannhäuser. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Joseph_Volpe">Joseph Volpe</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Metropolitan_Opera&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Joseph Volpe">edit</a>]</div> The model of General Manager as the leading authority in the company returned in 1990 when the company appointed <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Volpe_(opera_manager)" title="Joseph Volpe (opera manager)">Joseph Volpe</a>. He was the Met's third-longest serving manager, and was the first head of the Met to advance from within the ranks of the company after having started his career there as a carpenter in 1964.<a href="#cite_note-54">[51]</a> During his tenure the Met's international touring activities were expanded and Levine focused on expanding and building the Met's orchestra into a world-class symphonic ensemble with its own Carnegie Hall concert series. Under Volpe the Met considerably expanded its repertory, offering four world premiers and 22 Met premiers, more new works than under any manager since Gatti-Casazza.<a href="#cite_note-55">[52]</a> Volpe chose <a href="/wiki/Valery_Gergiev" title="Valery Gergiev">Valery Gergiev</a>, who was then the chief conductor and artistic director of the <a href="/wiki/Mariinsky_Theatre" title="Mariinsky Theatre">Mariinsky Theatre</a>, as Principal Guest Conductor in 1997 and broadened the Met's Russian repertory. <a href="/wiki/Marcelo_%C3%81lvarez" title="Marcelo Álvarez">Marcelo Álvarez</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gabriela_Be%C5%88a%C4%8Dkov%C3%A1" title="Gabriela Beňačková">Gabriela Beňačková</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diana_Damrau" title="Diana Damrau">Diana Damrau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Natalie_Dessay" title="Natalie Dessay">Natalie Dessay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9e_Fleming" title="Renée Fleming">Renée Fleming</a>, <a href="/wiki/Juan_Diego_Fl%C3%B3rez" title="Juan Diego Flórez">Juan Diego Flórez</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marcello_Giordani" title="Marcello Giordani">Marcello Giordani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Angela_Gheorghiu" title="Angela Gheorghiu">Angela Gheorghiu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Susan_Graham" title="Susan Graham">Susan Graham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ben_Heppner" title="Ben Heppner">Ben Heppner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dmitri_Hvorostovsky" title="Dmitri Hvorostovsky">Dmitri Hvorostovsky</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salvatore_Licitra" title="Salvatore Licitra">Salvatore Licitra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anna_Netrebko" title="Anna Netrebko">Anna Netrebko</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Pape" title="René Pape">René Pape</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neil_Rosenshein" title="Neil Rosenshein">Neil Rosenshein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bryn_Terfel" title="Bryn Terfel">Bryn Terfel</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Deborah_Voigt" title="Deborah Voigt">Deborah Voigt</a> were among the artists first heard at the Met under his management. He retired as general manager in 2006. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Peter_Gelb">Peter Gelb</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Metropolitan_Opera&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Peter Gelb">edit</a>]</div> Joseph Volpe's post was given to <a href="/wiki/Peter_Gelb" title="Peter Gelb">Peter Gelb</a>, formerly a record producer. Gelb began outlining his plans in April 2006; these included more new productions each year, ideas for shaving staging costs, and attracting new audiences without deterring existing opera-lovers. Gelb saw these issues as crucial for an organization which is dependent on private financing. Gelb began his tenure by opening the 2006–07 season with a production of <a href="/wiki/Madama_Butterfly" title="Madama Butterfly">Madama Butterfly</a> by the English director <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Minghella" title="Anthony Minghella">Anthony Minghella</a> originally staged for English National Opera. Minghella's highly theatrical concept featured vividly colored banners on a spare stage, allowing the focus to be on the detailed acting of the singers. The abstract concept included casting the son of Cio-Cio San as a <a href="/wiki/Bunraku" title="Bunraku">bunraku</a>-style puppet, operated in plain sight by three puppeteers clothed in black.<a href="#cite_note-56">[53]</a> Gelb focused on expanding the Met's audience through a number of fronts. Increasing the number of new productions every season to keep the Met's stagings fresh and noteworthy, Gelb partnered with other opera companies to import productions and engaged directors from theater, circus, and film to produce the Met's own original productions. Theater directors <a href="/wiki/Bartlett_Sher" title="Bartlett Sher">Bartlett Sher</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mary_Zimmerman" title="Mary Zimmerman">Mary Zimmerman</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jack_O%27Brien_(director)" title="Jack O'Brien (director)">Jack O'Brien</a> joined the list of the Met's directors along with Stephen Wadsworth, Willy Decker, <a href="/wiki/Laurent_Pelly" title="Laurent Pelly">Laurent Pelly</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luc_Bondy" title="Luc Bondy">Luc Bondy</a> and other opera directors to create new stagings for the company. <a href="/wiki/Robert_Lepage" title="Robert Lepage">Robert Lepage</a>, the Canadian director of <a href="/wiki/Cirque_du_Soleil" title="Cirque du Soleil">Cirque du Soleil</a>, was engaged by the Met to direct a revival of <a href="/wiki/Der_Ring_des_Nibelungen" title="Der Ring des Nibelungen">Der Ring des Nibelungen</a> using hydraulic stage platforms and projected 3D imagery. To further engage new audiences Gelb initiated live high-definition video transmissions to cinemas worldwide, and regular live satellite radio broadcasts on the Met's own SiriusXM radio channel. In 2010, the company named <a href="/wiki/Fabio_Luisi" title="Fabio Luisi">Fabio Luisi</a> as its principal guest conductor in 2010, and subsequently its principal conductor in 2011, to fill a void created by Levine's two-year absence because of illness.<a href="#cite_note-57">[54]</a> In 2013, following the severance of the dancers' contracts, Gelb announced that the resident ballet company at the Met would cease to exist.<a href="#cite_note-58">[55]</a> In 2014, Gelb and the Met found new controversy<a href="#cite_note-59">[56]</a> with a production of <a href="/wiki/John_Adams_(composer)" title="John Adams (composer)">John Adams</a>'s opera <a href="/wiki/The_Death_of_Klinghoffer" title="The Death of Klinghoffer">The Death of Klinghoffer</a>,<a href="#cite_note-60">[57]</a> due to criticism that the work was antisemitic.<a href="#cite_note-61">[58]</a> In response to the controversy Gelb canceled the scheduled worldwide HD video presentation of a performance, but refused demands to cancel the live performances scheduled for October and November 2014.<a href="#cite_note-62">[59]</a> Demonstrators held signs and chanted "Shame on Gelb".<a href="#cite_note-63">[60]</a> On April 14, 2016, the company announced the conclusion of James Levine's tenure as music director at the conclusion of the 2015–16 season.<a href="#cite_note-64">[61]</a> Gelb announced that Levine would also become Music Director Emeritus.<a href="#cite_note-65">[62]</a> On June 2, the Met board announced the appointment of <a href="/wiki/Yannick_N%C3%A9zet-S%C3%A9guin" title="Yannick Nézet-Séguin">Yannick Nézet-Séguin</a> as the company's next music director, as of the 2020–2021 season, conducting five productions each season. He took the title of music director-designate, conducting two productions a year, as of the 2017–2018 season.<a href="#cite_note-wsj_metopera-66">[63]</a> In February 2018, Nézet-Séguin succeeded Levine as music director of the Metropolitan Opera.<a href="#cite_note-67">[64]</a> In August 2024, the company announced the extension of Nézet-Séguin's contract as its music director through the 2029–2030 season.<a href="#cite_note-68">[65]</a> In 2017, <a href="/wiki/Daniele_Rustioni" title="Daniele Rustioni">Daniele Rustioni</a> first guest-conducted at the Metropolitan Opera. In November 2024, the company announced the appointment of Rustioni as its next principal guest conductor, effective with the 2025-2026 season, with an initial contract of three seasons.<a href="#cite_note-69">[66]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="James_Levine_controversy">James Levine controversy</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Metropolitan_Opera&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: James Levine controversy">edit</a>]</div> In response to a December 2017 news article, the Met announced that it would investigate James Levine with regard to <a href="/wiki/Sexual_abuse" title="Sexual abuse">sexual abuse</a> allegations dating back to the 1980s. The company suspended its ties with Levine, and canceled all upcoming engagements with him.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes_20171202-70">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-71">[68]</a> Gelb had been contacted directly by a police detective in October 2016 about allegations of sexual abuse of a minor by Levine, had been aware of the accuser's abuse allegations since they were made in a 2016 police report and of the attendant police investigation, but did not suspend Levine or launch an investigation until over a year later.<a href="#cite_note-72">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-74">[71]</a> Following the investigations in March 2018, the Met stated that there was conclusive evidence for "sexually abusive and harassing conduct" by Levine. On March 12, 2018, the company announced the full termination of its relationship with Levine, including the rescinding of his title of music director emeritus and dismissal of him as artistic director of its young artists program.<a href="#cite_note-75">[72]</a> On March 15, 2018, Levine filed suit against the company with the New York State Supreme Court, for breach of contract and defamation, and continued to deny the allegations.<a href="#cite_note-76">[73]</a> In response to the suit, the company has stated:<a href="#cite_note-77">[74]</a> "It is shocking that Mr. Levine has refused to accept responsibility for his actions, and has today instead decided to lash out at the Met with a suit riddled with untruths." On August 7, 2019, The New York Times reported that the Metropolitan Opera and Levine both privately settled their lawsuits. Continuing with the lawsuits "could have put into the public record more details of accusations..."<a href="#cite_note-78">[75]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Russia-Ukraine_anti-war_activism">Russia-Ukraine anti-war activism</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Metropolitan_Opera&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Russia-Ukraine anti-war activism">edit</a>]</div> On February 28, 2022, Gelb announced that because of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>, the Met would be severing ties with all staff and employees who are supporters of Russian President <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-79">[76]</a> The same night, before the premiere of Verdi's <a href="/wiki/Don_Carlos" title="Don Carlos">Don Carlos</a>, the Met's chorus and orchestra performed the <a href="/wiki/National_anthem_of_Ukraine" title="National anthem of Ukraine">national anthem of Ukraine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-80">[77]</a> Among the singers was Ukrainian bass-baritone <a href="/wiki/Vladyslav_Buialskyi" title="Vladyslav Buialskyi">Vladyslav Buialskyi</a>, making his Met debut; footage of him standing center-stage as the only singer without a score and with a hand over his heart was aired by Ukrainian news outlets.<a href="#cite_note-81">[78]</a> In March 2022, Russian-born soprano <a href="/wiki/Anna_Netrebko" title="Anna Netrebko">Anna Netrebko</a> made a public statement against the war but failed to explicitly denounce Putin, and was replaced by a Ukrainian singer.<a href="#cite_note-82">[79]</a> Netrebko had performed over 200 times at the Met over the past 20 years. Gelb called her dismissal "a great artistic loss for the Met and for opera" adding "but with Putin killing innocent victims in Ukraine there was no way forward" for her to continue to be associated with the Met.<a href="#cite_note-83">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[81]</a> On March 14, the Met hosted a benefit concert with all proceeds going to relief efforts in Ukraine, with <a href="/wiki/Sergiy_Kyslytsya" title="Sergiy Kyslytsya">Sergiy Kyslytsya</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Permanent_Representative_of_Ukraine_to_the_United_Nations" title="Permanent Representative of Ukraine to the United Nations">Permanent Representative of Ukraine to the United Nations</a> in attendance.<a href="#cite_note-85">[82]</a> The concert, which was broadcast on worldwide radio including Ukrainian public radio, began with Buialskyi singing the national anthem of Ukraine as a soloist.<a href="#cite_note-86">[83]</a> In December 2022, the Metropolitan Opera website was a target of a <a href="/wiki/Ransomware" title="Ransomware">ransomware</a> attack, with a "speculation that Russia could be behind the cyberattack". Gelb rejected that rumor.<a href="#cite_note-87">[84]</a> To mark the one-year anniversary of the invasion of Ukraine, the Met Opera held a concert entitled "For Ukraine: A Concert of Remembrance and Hope" on February 24, 2023. The company's music director, <a href="/wiki/Yannick_N%C3%A9zet-S%C3%A9guin" title="Yannick Nézet-Séguin">Yannick Nézet-Séguin</a>, led the Met Orchestra and Chorus in a program of Mozart's <a href="/wiki/Requiem_(Mozart)" title="Requiem (Mozart)">Requiem</a> and Beethoven's <a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._5_(Beethoven)" title="Symphony No. 5 (Beethoven)">Fifth Symphony</a>. Ukraine's ambassador to the United Nations, <a href="/wiki/Sergiy_Kyslytsya" title="Sergiy Kyslytsya">Sergiy Kyslytsya</a>, said, "This is a concert in celebration of Ukrainian resilience and hope. The Metropolitan Opera was among the first to show solidarity with Ukraine, its people, culture, and artists, and it has continued to do so throughout the past year of this tragic invasion. We're proud to work with the Met to promote a just peace." He added, "All wars come to an end, but we will always remember who was with us from the first, most difficult, moments."<a href="#cite_note-88">[85]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_MET_Orchestra_Musicians">The MET Orchestra Musicians</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Metropolitan_Opera&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: The MET Orchestra Musicians">edit</a>]</div> In 2015, The Metropolitan Opera Orchestra Committee formed a separate 501(c)3 organization which does business as 'MET Orchestra Musicians'.<a href="#cite_note-89">[86]</a> When the Metropolitan Opera furloughed its orchestra on April 1, 2020,<a href="#cite_note-90">[87]</a> the orchestra used this organization to fundraise with a goal to give out needs-based grants to its members, associates, music librarians and assistant conductors affiliated with The Metropolitan Opera.<a href="#cite_note-91">[88]</a> As of October 19, 2020, 30% of the orchestra has been forced to move out of New York City due to not being able to afford living costs.<a href="#cite_note-92">[89]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Technological_innovations">Technological innovations</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Metropolitan_Opera&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Technological innovations">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Met_Titles">Met Titles</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Metropolitan_Opera&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Met Titles">edit</a>]</div> In 1995, under general manager Joseph Volpe, the Met installed its own system of presenting a scripted version of opera texts designed for the particular needs of the Met and its audiences.<a href="#cite_note-Supertitles-93">[90]</a> Called "Met Titles", the $2.7 million system provides the audience with a script of the opera's text in English on individual screens which face each seat. This system was the first in the world to be placed in an opera house with "each screen (having) a switch to turn it on, a privacy filter to prevent the dim, yellow dot-matrix characters from disturbing nearby viewers and the option to display texts in multiple languages for all productions, (currently German and Spanish) except two by Philip Glass[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]. The custom-designed system features rails of different heights for various sections of the house, individually designed displays for some box seats and commissioned scripts costing up to $10,000 apiece."<a href="#cite_note-94">[91]</a> Owing to the height of the Met's proscenium, it was not feasible to have <a href="/wiki/Surtitles" title="Surtitles">surtitles</a> displayed above the stage, as is done in most other opera houses. The idea of above-stage titles had been vehemently opposed by then music director James Levine, but the "Met Titles" system has since been acknowledged as an ideal solution, offering texts to only those members of the Met audience who desire them.<a href="#cite_note-95">[92]</a> Surtitlers at the Met have included <a href="/wiki/Sonya_Haddad" title="Sonya Haddad">Sonya Haddad</a>, whose 2004 obituary called her "one of the country's leading practitioners of her art",<a href="#cite_note-96">[93]</a> Cori Ellison<a href="#cite_note-Supertitles-93">[90]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sonya_Friedman_(opera)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sonya Friedman (opera)">Sonya Friedman</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tessitura_software">Tessitura software</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Metropolitan_Opera&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Tessitura software">edit</a>]</div> In 1998, Volpe initiated the development of a new software application, now called <a href="/wiki/Tessitura_(software)" title="Tessitura (software)">Tessitura</a>. Tessitura uses a single database of information to record, track and manage all contacts with the Met's constituents, conduct targeted marketing and fund raising appeals, handle all ticketing and membership transactions, and provide detailed and flexible performance reports. Beginning in 2000, Tessitura was offered to other arts organizations under license, and it is now used by a cooperative network of more than 200 opera companies, symphony orchestras, ballet companies, theater companies, performing arts centers, and museums in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, and Ireland.<a href="#cite_note-97">[94]</a> At the Opera Conference 2016 in Montreal Gelb announced that the Met had commissioned a new ticketing system that would be made available to other institutions.<a href="#cite_note-98">[95]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Multimedia">Multimedia</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Metropolitan_Opera&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Multimedia">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Broadcast_radio">Broadcast radio</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Metropolitan_Opera&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Broadcast radio">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera_radio_broadcasts" title="Metropolitan Opera radio broadcasts">Metropolitan Opera radio broadcasts</a></div> Outside of New York the Met has been known to audiences in large measure through its many years of <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera_radio_broadcasts" title="Metropolitan Opera radio broadcasts">live radio broadcasts</a>. The Met's broadcast history goes back to January 1910 when radio pioneer <a href="/wiki/Lee_de_Forest" title="Lee de Forest">Lee de Forest</a> broadcast experimentally, with erratic signal, two live performances from the stage of the Met that were reportedly heard as far away as Newark, New Jersey. Today the annual Met broadcast season typically begins the first week of December and offers twenty live Saturday matinée performances through May. The first network broadcast was heard on December 25, 1931, a performance of <a href="/wiki/Engelbert_Humperdinck_(composer)" title="Engelbert Humperdinck (composer)">Engelbert Humperdinck</a>'s <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A4nsel_und_Gretel_(opera)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hänsel und Gretel (opera)">Hänsel und Gretel</a>. The series came about as the Met, financially endangered in the early years of the Great Depression, sought to enlarge its audience and support through national exposure on network radio. Initially, those broadcasts featured only parts of operas, being limited to selected acts. Regular broadcasts of complete operas began March 11, 1933, with the transmission of <a href="/wiki/Tristan_und_Isolde" title="Tristan und Isolde">Tristan und Isolde</a> with Frida Leider and <a href="/wiki/Lauritz_Melchior" title="Lauritz Melchior">Lauritz Melchior</a>. The live broadcasts were originally heard on <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a> Radio's <a href="/wiki/Blue_Network" title="Blue Network">Blue Network</a> and continued on the Blue Network's successor, <a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a>, into the 1960s. As network radio waned, the Met founded its own Metropolitan Opera Radio Network which is now heard on radio stations around the world. In Canada the live broadcasts have been heard since December 1933 first on the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Radio_Broadcasting_Commission" title="Canadian Radio Broadcasting Commission">Canadian Radio Broadcasting Commission</a><a href="#cite_note-99">[96]</a> and, since 1934, on its successor, the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Canadian Broadcasting Corporation">Canadian Broadcasting Corporation</a> where they are currently heard on <a href="/wiki/CBC_Music" title="CBC Music">CBC Music</a>. Technical quality of the broadcasts steadily improved over the years. FM broadcasts were added in the 1950s, transmitted to stations via telephone lines. Starting with the 1973–74 season, all broadcasts were offered in <a href="/wiki/FM_broadcasting" title="FM broadcasting">FM</a> stereo. Satellite technology later allowed uniformly excellent broadcast sound to be sent live worldwide. Sponsorship of the Met broadcasts during the Depression years of the 1930s was sporadic. Early sponsors included the <a href="/wiki/American_Tobacco_Company" title="American Tobacco Company">American Tobacco Company</a>, and the Lambert Pharmaceutical Company, but frequently the broadcasts were presented by NBC itself with no commercial sponsor.<a href="#cite_note-100">[97]</a> Sponsorship of the Saturday afternoon broadcasts by The Texas Company (<a href="/wiki/Texaco" title="Texaco">Texaco</a>) began on December 7, 1940, with <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart">Mozart</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Marriage_of_Figaro" title="The Marriage of Figaro">Le nozze di Figaro</a>. Texaco's support continued for 63 years, the longest continuous sponsorship in broadcast history and included the first PBS television broadcasts. After its merger with <a href="/wiki/Chevron_Corporation" title="Chevron Corporation">Chevron</a>, however, the combined company ChevronTexaco ended its sponsorship of the Met's radio network in April 2004. Emergency grants allowed the broadcasts to continue through 2005 when the home building company <a href="/wiki/Toll_Brothers" title="Toll Brothers">Toll Brothers</a> became primary sponsor. In the seven decades of its Saturday broadcasts, the Met has been introduced by the voices of only four permanent announcers. <a href="/wiki/Milton_Cross" title="Milton Cross">Milton Cross</a> served from the inaugural 1931 broadcast until his death in 1975. He was succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Allen_(US_broadcaster)" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter Allen (US broadcaster)">Peter Allen</a>, who served for 29 years, through the 2003–04 season. <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Juntwait" title="Margaret Juntwait">Margaret Juntwait</a> began her tenure as host the following season. From September 2006 through December 2014, Juntwait also served as host for all of the live and recorded broadcasts on the Met's <a href="/wiki/Sirius_XM" title="Sirius XM">Sirius XM</a> satellite radio channel, <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera_Radio_(Sirius_XM)" title="Metropolitan Opera Radio (Sirius XM)">Metropolitan Opera Radio</a>.<a href="#cite_note-obit-101">[98]</a> Beginning in January 2015, producer <a href="/wiki/Mary_Jo_Heath" title="Mary Jo Heath">Mary Jo Heath</a> filled in for Juntwait, who was being treated for cancer and died in June 2015.<a href="#cite_note-obit-101">[98]</a> In September 2015 Heath took over as the new permanent host. Opera singer and director Ira Siff has for several years been the commentator along with Juntwait or Heath. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Satellite_radio">Satellite radio</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Metropolitan_Opera&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Satellite radio">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera_Radio_(Sirius_XM)" title="Metropolitan Opera Radio (Sirius XM)">Metropolitan Opera Radio (Sirius XM)</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera_Radio_(Sirius_XM)" title="Metropolitan Opera Radio (Sirius XM)">Metropolitan Opera Radio</a> is a 24-hour opera channel on <a href="/wiki/Sirius_XM_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Sirius XM Radio">Sirius XM Radio</a>, which presents three to four live opera broadcasts each week during the Met's performing season. During other hours it also offers past broadcasts from the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera_radio_broadcasts" title="Metropolitan Opera radio broadcasts">Metropolitan Opera radio broadcast</a> archives. The channel was created in September 2006, when the Met initiated a multi-year relationship with Sirius.<a href="#cite_note-102">[99]</a> <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Juntwait" title="Margaret Juntwait">Margaret Juntwait</a> is the main host and announcer, with <a href="/wiki/William_Berger_(author)" title="William Berger (author)">William Berger</a> as writer and co-host.<a href="#cite_note-103">[100]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Television">Television</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Metropolitan_Opera&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Television">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Live_from_the_Metropolitan_Opera" title="Live from the Metropolitan Opera">Live from the Metropolitan Opera</a></div> The Met's experiments with television go back to 1948 when a complete performance of <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Verdi" title="Giuseppe Verdi">Verdi</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Otello" title="Otello">Otello</a> was broadcast live on <a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a>-TV with <a href="/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Vinay" title="Ramón Vinay">Ramón Vinay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Licia_Albanese" title="Licia Albanese">Licia Albanese</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Warren" title="Leonard Warren">Leonard Warren</a>. The 1949 season opening night Der Rosenkavalier was also telecast. In the early 1950s the Met tried a short-lived experiment with live <a href="/wiki/Closed-circuit_television" title="Closed-circuit television">closed-circuit television</a> transmissions to movie theaters. The first of these was a performance of <a href="/wiki/Carmen" title="Carmen">Carmen</a> with <a href="/wiki/Ris%C3%AB_Stevens" title="Risë Stevens">Risë Stevens</a> which was sent to 31 theaters in 27 US cities on December 11, 1952. Beyond these experiments, however, and an occasional gala or special, the Met did not become a regular presence on television until 1977. In that year the company began a series of live television broadcasts on public television with a wildly successful live telecast of <a href="/wiki/La_boh%C3%A8me" title="La bohème">La bohème</a> with <a href="/wiki/Renata_Scotto" title="Renata Scotto">Renata Scotto</a> and <a href="/wiki/Luciano_Pavarotti" title="Luciano Pavarotti">Luciano Pavarotti</a>. The new series of opera on <a href="/wiki/Public_Broadcasting_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Broadcasting Service">PBS</a> was called <a href="/wiki/Live_from_the_Metropolitan_Opera" title="Live from the Metropolitan Opera">Live from the Metropolitan Opera</a>. This series remained on the air until the early 2000s, although the live broadcasts gave way to taped performances and in 1988 the title was changed to The Metropolitan Opera Presents. Dozens of televised performances were broadcast during the life of the series including an historic complete telecast of Wagner's <a href="/wiki/Der_Ring_des_Nibelungen" title="Der Ring des Nibelungen">Ring Cycle</a> in 1989. In 2007 another Met television series debuted on PBS, <a href="/wiki/Great_Performances_at_the_Met" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Performances at the Met">Great Performances at the Met</a>. This series airs repeat showings of the <a href="/wiki/High-definition_video" title="High-definition video">high-definition video</a> performances produced for the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera_Live_in_HD" title="Metropolitan Opera Live in HD">Metropolitan Opera Live in HD</a> cinema series. In addition to complete operas and gala concerts, television programs produced at the Met have included: an episode of <a href="/wiki/Omnibus_(American_TV_program)" title="Omnibus (American TV program)">Omnibus</a> with Leonard Bernstein (<a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a>, 1958); <a href="/wiki/Danny_Kaye" title="Danny Kaye">Danny Kaye</a>'s Look-In at the Metropolitan Opera (<a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a>, 1975); <a href="/wiki/Beverly_Sills" title="Beverly Sills">Sills</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carol_Burnett" title="Carol Burnett">Burnett</a> at the Met (CBS, 1976); and the <a href="/wiki/MTV_Video_Music_Awards" title="MTV Video Music Awards">MTV Video Music Awards</a> (1999 and 2001). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="High-definition_video">High-definition video</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Metropolitan_Opera&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: High-definition video">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera_Live_in_HD" title="Metropolitan Opera Live in HD">Metropolitan Opera Live in HD</a></div> Beginning on December 30, 2006, as part of the company's effort to build revenues and attract new audiences, the Met (along with <a href="/wiki/National_CineMedia" title="National CineMedia">NCM Fathom</a>)<a href="#cite_note-104">[101]</a> broadcast a series of six performances live via satellite into movie theaters called "Metropolitan Opera: Live in HD".<a href="#cite_note-105">[102]</a> The first broadcast was the Saturday matinee live performance of the 110-minute version of <a href="/wiki/Julie_Taymor" title="Julie Taymor">Julie Taymor</a>'s production of <a href="/wiki/The_Magic_Flute" title="The Magic Flute">The Magic Flute</a>.<a href="#cite_note-106">[103]</a> The series was carried in over 100 movie theaters across North America, Japan, Britain and several other European countries.<a href="#cite_note-107">[104]</a> During the 2006–07 season, the series included live HD transmissions of <a href="/wiki/I_puritani" title="I puritani">I puritani</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_First_Emperor" title="The First Emperor">The First Emperor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Onegin_(opera)" title="Eugene Onegin (opera)">Eugene Onegin</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Barber_of_Seville" title="The Barber of Seville">The Barber of Seville</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Il_trittico" title="Il trittico">Il trittico</a>. In addition, limited repeat showings of the operas were offered in most of the presenting cities. Digital sound for the performances was provided by <a href="/wiki/Sirius_Satellite_Radio" title="Sirius Satellite Radio">Sirius Satellite Radio</a>. These movie transmissions have received wide and generally favorable press coverage.<a href="#cite_note-108">[105]</a> The Met reports that 91% of available seats were sold for the HD performances.<a href="#cite_note-109">[106]</a> According to General Manager Peter Gelb, there were 60,000 people in cinemas around the world watching the March 24 transmission of The Barber of Seville.<a href="#cite_note-110">[d]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> reported that 324,000 tickets were sold worldwide for the 2006/07 season, while each simulcast cost $850,000 to $1 million to produce.<a href="#cite_note-Daniel_Watkin-111">[107]</a> The 2007/08 season began on December 15, 2007, and featured eight of the Met's productions starting with <a href="/wiki/Rom%C3%A9o_et_Juliette" title="Roméo et Juliette">Roméo et Juliette</a> and ending with <a href="/wiki/La_fille_du_r%C3%A9giment" title="La fille du régiment">La fille du régiment</a> on April 26, 2008.<a href="#cite_note-112">[108]</a> The Met planned to broadcast to double the number of theaters in the US as the previous season, as well as to additional countries such as Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, and Spain. The number of participating venues in the US, which includes movie theatre chains as well as independent theatres and some college campus venues, is 343.<a href="#cite_note-Daniel_Watkin-111">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-113">[109]</a> while "the scope of the series expands to include more than 700 locations across North America, Europe, Asia, and Australia".<a href="#cite_note-114">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-115">[111]</a> By the end of the season 920,000 people—exceeding the total number of people who attended live performances at the Met over the entire season—attended the eight screenings bringing in a gross of $13.3 million from North America and $5 million from overseas.<a href="#cite_note-116">[112]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Internet">Internet</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Metropolitan_Opera&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Internet">edit</a>]</div> Year-round, online video and audio of hundreds of complete operas and excerpts are available to viewers via Met Player, the Met Opera's own online archive of recorded performances.<a href="#cite_note-117">[113]</a> Complete operas and selections are also available on the online music service <a href="/wiki/Rhapsody_(online_music_service)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhapsody (online music service)">Rhapsody</a>, and for purchase on <a href="/wiki/ITunes" title="ITunes">iTunes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-118">[114]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera_Radio_(Sirius_XM)" title="Metropolitan Opera Radio (Sirius XM)">Metropolitan Opera Radio</a> channel on <a href="/wiki/Sirius_XM_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Sirius XM Radio">Sirius XM Radio</a> (see above) is available to listeners via the internet in addition to satellite broadcast. The Met's official site also provides complete composer and background information, detailed plot summaries, and cast and characters for all current and upcoming opera broadcasts, as well as for every opera broadcast since 2000.<a href="#cite_note-119">[115]</a> The Met's online archive database provides links to all Rhapsody, Sirius XM, and Met Player operas, with complete program and cast information. The online archive also provides an exhaustive searchable list of every performance and performer in the Metropolitan Opera's history.<a href="#cite_note-120">[116]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="COVID-19_pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Metropolitan_Opera&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: COVID-19 pandemic">edit</a>]</div> When people's movements were heavily restricted in March 2020 due to the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>, the Met cancelled the season's remaining performances but <a href="/wiki/Live_streaming" title="Live streaming">live streamed</a> free of charge an opera every day, normally available on paid subscription.<a href="#cite_note-121">[117]</a> On September 23, 2020, the Met announced the cancellation of its entire 2020–2021 season.<a href="#cite_note-122">[118]</a> The Met reopened in time for the 2021–2022 season, beginning with a concert of <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Verdi" title="Giuseppe Verdi">Verdi</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Requiem_(Verdi)" title="Requiem (Verdi)">Requiem</a> to mark the 20th anniversary of <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">9/11</a>.<a href="#cite_note-123">[119]</a> On October 24, 2022, the Met, in conjunction with the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Philharmonic" title="New York Philharmonic">NY Philharmonic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Hall" title="Carnegie Hall">Carnegie Hall</a> dropped their masking requirements,<a href="#cite_note-124">[120]</a> the last COVID-related restriction that was still in place. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Opera_houses">Opera houses</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Metropolitan_Opera&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Opera houses">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Metropolitan_opera_1905_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Metropolitan_opera_1905_crop.jpg/275px-Metropolitan_opera_1905_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="275" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Metropolitan_opera_1905_crop.jpg/413px-Metropolitan_opera_1905_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Metropolitan_opera_1905_crop.jpg/550px-Metropolitan_opera_1905_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3352" data-file-height="3042" /></a><figcaption>Metropolitan Opera House in 1905</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Metropolitan_Opera_staircase_from_above.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Metropolitan_Opera_staircase_from_above.jpg/275px-Metropolitan_Opera_staircase_from_above.jpg" decoding="async" width="275" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Metropolitan_Opera_staircase_from_above.jpg/413px-Metropolitan_Opera_staircase_from_above.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Metropolitan_Opera_staircase_from_above.jpg/550px-Metropolitan_Opera_staircase_from_above.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>The new Met Opera House</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Metropolitan_Opera_House_staircase.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Metropolitan_Opera_House_staircase.jpg/275px-Metropolitan_Opera_House_staircase.jpg" decoding="async" width="275" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Metropolitan_Opera_House_staircase.jpg/413px-Metropolitan_Opera_House_staircase.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Metropolitan_Opera_House_staircase.jpg/550px-Metropolitan_Opera_House_staircase.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5553" data-file-height="3702" /></a><figcaption>Staircase</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Metropolitan_Opera_House,_Broadway">Metropolitan Opera House, Broadway</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Metropolitan_Opera&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Metropolitan Opera House, Broadway">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera_House_(39th_Street)" title="Metropolitan Opera House (39th Street)">Metropolitan Opera House (39th Street)</a></div> The first Metropolitan Opera House opened on October 22, 1883, with a performance of <a href="/wiki/Faust_(opera)" title="Faust (opera)">Faust</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Met_Opera_Family-1883-11">[10]</a> It was located at 1411 <a href="/wiki/Broadway_(Manhattan)" title="Broadway (Manhattan)">Broadway</a> between 39th and 40th Streets and was designed by <a href="/wiki/J._Cleaveland_Cady" title="J. Cleaveland Cady">J. Cleaveland Cady</a>. Gutted by fire on August 27, 1892, the theater was immediately rebuilt, reopening in the fall of 1893. Another major renovation was completed in 1903. The theater's interior was extensively redesigned by the architects <a href="/wiki/Carr%C3%A8re_and_Hastings" title="Carrère and Hastings">Carrère and Hastings</a>. The familiar red and gold interior associated with the house dates from this time. The old Met had a seating capacity of 3,625 with an additional 224 standing room places. The theater was noted for its elegance and excellent acoustics and it provided a glamorous home for the company. Its stage facilities, however, were found to be severely inadequate from its earliest days. Over the years many plans for a new opera house were explored and abandoned, including a proposal to incorporate a new Metropolitan Opera House into the <a href="/wiki/Construction_of_Rockefeller_Center" title="Construction of Rockefeller Center">construction of Rockefeller Center</a>. It was only with the development of Lincoln Center that the Met was able to build itself a new home. The Met held a lavish farewell gala performance for the old house on April 16, 1966. The theater closed after a short season of ballet later in the spring of 1966 and was demolished in 1967. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Metropolitan_Opera_House,_Lincoln_Center">Metropolitan Opera House, Lincoln Center</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Metropolitan_Opera&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Metropolitan Opera House, Lincoln Center">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera_House_(Lincoln_Center)" title="Metropolitan Opera House (Lincoln Center)">Metropolitan Opera House (Lincoln Center)</a></div> The present Metropolitan Opera House is located in Lincoln Center at <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Square,_Manhattan" title="Lincoln Square, Manhattan">Lincoln Square</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Upper_West_Side" title="Upper West Side">Upper West Side</a> and was designed by architect <a href="/wiki/Wallace_Harrison" title="Wallace Harrison">Wallace K. Harrison</a>. It has a seating capacity of approximately 3,732 with an additional 245 standing room places at the rear of the main floor and the top balcony.<a href="#cite_note-125">[121]</a> As needed, the size of the orchestra pit can be decreased and another row of 35 seats added at the front of the auditorium. The lobby is adorned with two famous murals by <a href="/wiki/Marc_Chagall" title="Marc Chagall">Marc Chagall</a>, The Triumph of Music and The Sources of Music. Each of these gigantic paintings measures 30 by 36 feet. After numerous revisions to its design, the new building opened September 16, 1966, with the world premiere of <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Barber" title="Samuel Barber">Samuel Barber</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Antony_and_Cleopatra_(1966_opera)" class="mw-redirect" title="Antony and Cleopatra (1966 opera)">Antony and Cleopatra</a>. The theater, while large, is noted for its excellent acoustics. The stage facilities, state of the art when the theater was built, continue to be updated technically and are capable of handling multiple large complex opera productions simultaneously. When the opera company is on <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hiatus" class="extiw" title="wikt:hiatus">hiatus</a>, the Opera House is annually home to the spring season of <a href="/wiki/American_Ballet_Theatre" title="American Ballet Theatre">American Ballet Theatre</a>. It has also hosted visits from other noted opera and ballet companies. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Metropolitan_Opera_House,_Philadelphia">Metropolitan Opera House, Philadelphia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Metropolitan_Opera&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Metropolitan Opera House, Philadelphia">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera_House_(Philadelphia)" title="Metropolitan Opera House (Philadelphia)">Metropolitan Opera House (Philadelphia)</a></div> To provide a home for its regular Tuesday night performances in Philadelphia, the Met purchased an opera house originally built in 1908 by <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Hammerstein_I" title="Oscar Hammerstein I">Oscar Hammerstein I</a>, the Philadelphia Opera House at North Broad and Poplar Streets.<a href="#cite_note-Anonymous1910-126">[122]</a> Renamed the Metropolitan Opera House, the theater was operated by the Met from 1910 until it sold the house in April 1920.<a href="#cite_note-Anonymous1920-127">[123]</a> The Met debuted at its new Philadelphia home on December 13, 1910, with a performance of Richard Wagner's <a href="/wiki/Tannh%C3%A4user_(opera)" title="Tannhäuser (opera)">Tannhäuser</a> starring <a href="/wiki/Leo_Slezak" title="Leo Slezak">Leo Slezak</a> and <a href="/wiki/Olive_Fremstad" title="Olive Fremstad">Olive Fremstad</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Anonymous1910a-128">[124]</a> The Philadelphia Met was designed by noted theater architect <a href="/wiki/William_H._McElfatrick" title="William H. McElfatrick">William H. McElfatrick</a> and had a seating capacity of approximately 4,000. The theater still stands and currently functions as a church and community arts center. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Principal_conductors">Principal conductors</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Metropolitan_Opera&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Principal conductors">edit</a>]</div> In the Met's inaugural season of 1883–1884, <a href="/wiki/Auguste_Vianesi" title="Auguste Vianesi">Auguste Vianesi</a>, who conducted most of the performances that season including the opening night, was listed in the playbills as "Musical Director and Conductor"; thereafter, the Met did not have another officially designated "music director" until <a href="/wiki/Rafael_Kubel%C3%ADk" title="Rafael Kubelík">Rafael Kubelík</a> in 1973. However, several of the Met's conductors have assumed more prominent leadership role at different times in the company's history. They set artistic standards and influenced the quality and performance style of the orchestra, but without any official title. The Met has also had many famed guest conductors who are not listed here. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conductors_in_formal_leadership_positions">Conductors in formal leadership positions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Metropolitan_Opera&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Conductors in formal leadership positions">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Auguste Vianesi (musical director and conductor, 1883–1884)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Adler" title="Kurt Adler">Kurt Adler</a> (chorus master and conductor, 1943–1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafael_Kubel%C3%ADk" title="Rafael Kubelík">Rafael Kubelík</a> (music director, 1973–1974)</li> <li>David Stivender (chorus master, 1973–1990)<a href="#cite_note-129">[125]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Levine" title="James Levine">James Levine</a> (music director, 1976–2016; artistic director, 1986–2004; music director emeritus, 2016–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valery_Gergiev" title="Valery Gergiev">Valery Gergiev</a> (principal guest conductor, 1997–2008)</li> <li>Donald Palumbo (chorus master, 2007–2024)<a href="#cite_note-130">[126]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fabio_Luisi" title="Fabio Luisi">Fabio Luisi</a> (principal guest conductor, 2010–2011; principal conductor, 2011–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yannick_N%C3%A9zet-S%C3%A9guin" title="Yannick Nézet-Séguin">Yannick Nézet-Séguin</a> (music director, 2018–present)<a href="#cite_note-131">[127]</a></li> <li>Tilman Michael (chorus master, 2024–present)<a href="#cite_note-132">[128]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_conductors_of_note_in_company_history">Other conductors of note in company history</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Metropolitan_Opera&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Other conductors of note in company history">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anton_Seidl" title="Anton Seidl">Anton Seidl</a> (1885–1897)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Damrosch" title="Walter Damrosch">Walter Damrosch</a> (1884–1902)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hertz" title="Alfred Hertz">Alfred Hertz</a> (1902–1915, leading conductor of German repertory)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler">Gustav Mahler</a> (1908–1910)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arturo_Toscanini" title="Arturo Toscanini">Arturo Toscanini</a> (1908–1915)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artur_Bodanzky" title="Artur Bodanzky">Artur Bodanzky</a> (1915–1939, leading conductor of German repertory)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gennaro_Papi" title="Gennaro Papi">Gennaro Papi</a> (1916–1927, 1935–1941, leading conductor of Italian repertory)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tullio_Serafin" title="Tullio Serafin">Tullio Serafin</a> (1924–1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fausto_Cleva" title="Fausto Cleva">Fausto Cleva</a> (1931–1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruno_Walter" title="Bruno Walter">Bruno Walter</a> (1941–1951, 1956, 1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ettore_Panizza" title="Ettore Panizza">Ettore Panizza</a> (1934–1942, leading conductor of Italian repertory)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erich_Leinsdorf" title="Erich Leinsdorf">Erich Leinsdorf</a> (1938–1942, leading conductor of German repertory)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Szell" title="George Szell">George Szell</a> (1942–1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cesare_Sodero" title="Cesare Sodero">Cesare Sodero</a> (1942–1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Busch" title="Fritz Busch">Fritz Busch</a> (1945–1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Rudolf_(conductor)" title="Max Rudolf (conductor)">Max Rudolf</a> (conducting staff 1946-1958, musical administrator 1950-1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Reiner" title="Fritz Reiner">Fritz Reiner</a> (1949–1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitri_Mitropoulos" title="Dimitri Mitropoulos">Dimitri Mitropoulos</a> (1954–1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erich_Leinsdorf" title="Erich Leinsdorf">Erich Leinsdorf</a> (1957–1962)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Deaths_at_the_Met">Deaths at the Met</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Metropolitan_Opera&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Deaths at the Met">edit</a>]</div> Over the years, a number of deaths have occurred at the Metropolitan Opera House. On February 10, 1897, French bass <a href="/wiki/Armand_Castelmary" title="Armand Castelmary">Armand Castelmary</a> suffered a heart attack onstage in the finale of act one of <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_von_Flotow" title="Friedrich von Flotow">Flotow's</a> <a href="/wiki/Martha_(opera)" title="Martha (opera)">Martha</a>. He died in the arms of his friend, tenor <a href="/wiki/Jean_de_Reszke" title="Jean de Reszke">Jean de Reszke</a>, after the curtain was brought down. The performance resumed with Giuseppe Cernusco substituting in the role of Sir Tristram.<a href="#cite_note-133">[129]</a> On May 10, 1935, <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Witherspoon" title="Herbert Witherspoon">Herbert Witherspoon</a>, the incoming General Manager suffered a heart attack and died at his desk.<a href="#cite_note-HWCT-40">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-HWNYT-41">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-HWT-42">[39]</a> On March 4, 1960, leading baritone <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Warren" title="Leonard Warren">Leonard Warren</a> died of a heart attack onstage after completing the aria "Urna fatale" in act two of Verdi's <a href="/wiki/La_forza_del_destino" title="La forza del destino">La forza del destino</a>.<a href="#cite_note-134">[130]</a> On April 30, 1977, Betty Stone, a member of the Met chorus, was killed in an accident offstage during a tour performance of <a href="/wiki/Il_trovatore" title="Il trovatore">Il trovatore</a> in Cleveland.<a href="#cite_note-135">[131]</a> On July 23, 1980, Helen Hagnes Mintiks, a 30-year-old Canadian-born violinist,<a href="#cite_note-136">[132]</a> was murdered by Met stagehand Craig Crimmins during the <a href="/wiki/Intermission" title="Intermission">intermission</a> of a performance of the Berlin Ballet. The event was cited by numerous publications as "The Phantom of the Opera" murder.<a href="#cite_note-137">[133]</a><a href="#cite_note-138">[134]</a><a href="#cite_note-139">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-Murderat-140">[136]</a> On January 5, 1996, tenor <a href="/wiki/Richard_Versalle" title="Richard Versalle">Richard Versalle</a> died while playing the role of Vitek during the production of <a href="/wiki/Leo%C5%A1_Jan%C3%A1%C4%8Dek" title="Leoš Janáček">Leoš Janáček</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Makropulos_Affair_(opera)" title="The Makropulos Affair (opera)">The Makropulos Case</a>. Versalle was climbing a 20-foot (6.1 m) ladder in the opening scene when he suffered a heart attack and fell to the stage.<a href="#cite_note-141">[137]</a> In addition, several audience members have died at the Met. The most widely known incident was the suicide of operagoer <a href="/wiki/Bantcho_Bantchevsky" title="Bantcho Bantchevsky">Bantcho Bantchevsky</a> on January 23, 1988, during an intermission in a live broadcast of Verdi's <a href="/wiki/Macbeth_(Verdi)" title="Macbeth (Verdi)">Macbeth</a>.<a href="#cite_note-142">[138]</a><a href="#cite_note-143">[139]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Finances_and_marketing">Finances and marketing</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Metropolitan_Opera&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Finances and marketing">edit</a>]</div> The company's annual operating budget for the 2011–12 season was $325 million, of which $182 million (43%) comes from private donations. The total potential audience across a season is 800,000 seats. The average audience rate for the 3800-seat theater in 2011 was 79.2%, down from a peak of 88% in 2009.<a href="#cite_note-nyt20111011-144">[140]</a> Beyond performing in the opera house in New York, the Met has gradually expanded its audience over the years through technology. It has broadcast regularly on radio since 1931 and on television since 1977. In 2006, the Met began live satellite radio and internet broadcasts as well as live <a href="/wiki/High-definition_video" title="High-definition video">high-definition video</a> transmissions presented in cinemas throughout the world. In 2011, the total HD audience reached 3 million through 1600 theaters worldwide.<a href="#cite_note-nyt20111011-144">[140]</a> In 2014, according to <a href="/wiki/Wheeler_Winston_Dixon" title="Wheeler Winston Dixon">Wheeler Winston Dixon</a>, high ticket prices were making it difficult for average people to attend performances.<a href="#cite_note-twsDixon2-145">[141]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lindemann_Young_Artist_Development_Program">Lindemann Young Artist Development Program</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Metropolitan_Opera&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Lindemann Young Artist Development Program">edit</a>]</div> The Lindemann Young Artist Development Program (LYADP) is a program at the Metropolitan Opera that trains and nurtures the talent of young opera singers, opera conductors, and <a href="/wiki/Vocal_coaches" class="mw-redirect" title="Vocal coaches">vocal coaches</a>. It was established in 1980 by <a href="/wiki/James_Levine" title="James Levine">James Levine</a>. It is a separate but complimentary program to the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera_National_Council_Auditions" title="Metropolitan Opera National Council Auditions">Metropolitan Opera National Council Auditions</a> (MONCA); many of whose winners have become members of the LYDAP.<a href="#cite_note-146">[142]</a> Notable alumni of this program include: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 18em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Norah_Amsellem" title="Norah Amsellem">Norah Amsellem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Appleby_(tenor)" title="Paul Appleby (tenor)">Paul Appleby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephanie_Blythe" title="Stephanie Blythe">Stephanie Blythe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladyslav_Buialskyi" title="Vladyslav Buialskyi">Vladyslav Buialskyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alyson_Cambridge" title="Alyson Cambridge">Alyson Cambridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Castronovo" title="Charles Castronovo">Charles Castronovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rihab_Chaieb" title="Rihab Chaieb">Rihab Chaieb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Layla_Claire" title="Layla Claire">Layla Claire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sasha_Cooke" title="Sasha Cooke">Sasha Cooke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginger_Costa-Jackson" title="Ginger Costa-Jackson">Ginger Costa-Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwayne_Croft" title="Dwayne Croft">Dwayne Croft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Cutler" title="Eric Cutler">Eric Cutler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danielle_de_Niese" title="Danielle de Niese">Danielle de Niese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandra_Deshorties" title="Alexandra Deshorties">Alexandra Deshorties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_DeYoung" title="Michelle DeYoung">Michelle DeYoung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gail_Dubinbaum" title="Gail Dubinbaum">Gail Dubinbaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joyce_El-Khoury" title="Joyce El-Khoury">Joyce El-Khoury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashley_Emerson" title="Ashley Emerson">Ashley Emerson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ying_Fang" title="Ying Fang">Ying Fang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallis_Giunta" title="Wallis Giunta">Wallis Giunta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christine_Goerke" title="Christine Goerke">Christine Goerke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryan_Speedo_Green" title="Ryan Speedo Green">Ryan Speedo Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Dean_Griffey" title="Anthony Dean Griffey">Anthony Dean Griffey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Groves_(tenor)" title="Paul Groves (tenor)">Paul Groves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Gruber" title="Andrea Gruber">Andrea Gruber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Gunn" title="Nathan Gunn">Nathan Gunn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cecelia_Hall_(mezzo-soprano)" title="Cecelia Hall (mezzo-soprano)">Cecelia Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wendy_Bryn_Harmer" title="Wendy Bryn Harmer">Wendy Bryn Harmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evan_Hughes" title="Evan Hughes">Evan Hughes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Johnson_Cano" title="Jennifer Johnson Cano">Jennifer Johnson Cano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seo_Jung-hack" title="Seo Jung-hack">Seo Jung-hack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawn_Kotoski" title="Dawn Kotoski">Dawn Kotoski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Koziara" title="Ian Koziara">Ian Koziara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariusz_Kwiecie%C5%84" title="Mariusz Kwiecień">Mariusz Kwiecień</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Lewis_(actor)" title="Alexander Lewis (actor)">Alexander Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Lindsey" title="Kate Lindsey">Kate Lindsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elliot_Madore" title="Elliot Madore">Elliot Madore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marvis_Martin" title="Marvis Martin">Marvis Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myra_Merritt" title="Myra Merritt">Myra Merritt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Michael_Moore" title="Brian Michael Moore">Brian Michael Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aprile_Millo" title="Aprile Millo">Aprile Millo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erin_Morley" title="Erin Morley">Erin Morley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heidi_Grant_Murphy" title="Heidi Grant Murphy">Heidi Grant Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford_Olsen" title="Stanford Olsen">Stanford Olsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisette_Oropesa" title="Lisette Oropesa">Lisette Oropesa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Osborn_(tenor)" title="John Osborn (tenor)">John Osborn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hera_Hyesang_Park" title="Hera Hyesang Park">Hera Hyesang Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sondra_Radvanovsky" title="Sondra Radvanovsky">Sondra Radvanovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirk_Redmann" title="Kirk Redmann">Kirk Redmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morris_Robinson" title="Morris Robinson">Morris Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natalia_Rom" title="Natalia Rom">Natalia Rom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samson_Setu" title="Samson Setu">Samson Setu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenyang_(singer)" title="Shenyang (singer)">Shenyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Tarver" title="Kenneth Tarver">Kenneth Tarver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Thomas" title="Russell Thomas">Russell Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawn_Upshaw" title="Dawn Upshaw">Dawn Upshaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tichina_Vaughn" title="Tichina Vaughn">Tichina Vaughn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Jane_Wray" title="Margaret Jane Wray">Margaret Jane Wray</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Metropolitan_Opera&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-lower-alpha" style="column-width: 45em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> The <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">Metropolitan Museum of Art</a> in New York is also nicknamed "the Met". </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> While many of the cylinders became greatly worn over the years, some remain comparatively clear, particularly those of the waltz and "Soldier's Chorus" from Faust and the triumphal scene from act 2 of Aida. Mapleson placed his machine in various locations, including the prompter's box, the side of the stage, and in the "flies", which enabled him to record the singers and musicians, as well as the audience's applause.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Many of the original cylinders are preserved in the Rodgers & Hammerstein Archives of Recorded Sound at the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Public_Library_for_the_Performing_Arts" title="New York Public Library for the Performing Arts">New York Public Library for the Performing Arts</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> See more on the national broadcasts in the <a href="#Broadcast_radio">§ Broadcast radio</a> section. </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> Gelb, speaking during the intermission on March 24, 2007, noted that over 250 movie theatres were presenting the performance that day. </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Metropolitan_Opera&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://operawire.com/metropolitan-opera-general-manager-position-gets-name-change-after-donation/">"Metropolitan Opera General Manager Position Gets Name Change"</a>. 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Retrieved January 1, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=archives.metoperafamily.org&rft.atitle=BiblioTech+PRO+V3.2a&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchives.metoperafamily.org%2Farchives%2Fscripts%2Fcgiip.exe%2FWService%3DBibSpeed%2Fsrch3a4.r&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetropolitan+Opera" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlbrechtGalvánDavis-Millis2014" class="citation web cs1">Albrecht, Otto E.; Galván, Gary; Davis-Millis, Nina (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/grovemusic/view/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.001.0001/omo-9781561592630-e-1002257829">"Philadelphia"</a>. Oxford Music Online. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.article.A2257829">10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.A2257829</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56159-263-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56159-263-0"><bdi>978-1-56159-263-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200522153003/https://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/grovemusic/view/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.001.0001/omo-9781561592630-e-1002257829">Archived</a> from the original on May 22, 2020. Retrieved October 16, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oxford+Music+Online&rft.atitle=Philadelphia&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.article.A2257829&rft.isbn=978-1-56159-263-0&rft.aulast=Albrecht&rft.aufirst=Otto+E.&rft.au=Galv%C3%A1n%2C+Gary&rft.au=Davis-Millis%2C+Nina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordmusiconline.com%2Fgrovemusic%2Fview%2F10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.001.0001%2Fomo-9781561592630-e-1002257829&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetropolitan+Opera" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/archive/opera-and-opera-houses/">"Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia | Opera and Opera Houses"</a>. philadelphiaencyclopedia.org. Retrieved March 7, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=philadelphiaencyclopedia.org&rft.atitle=Encyclopedia+of+Greater+Philadelphia+%7C+Opera+and+Opera+Houses&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fphiladelphiaencyclopedia.org%2Farchive%2Fopera-and-opera-houses%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetropolitan+Opera" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.metopera.org/about/the-met/">"Our Story"</a>. www.metopera.org. Retrieved March 7, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.metopera.org&rft.atitle=Our+Story&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.metopera.org%2Fabout%2Fthe-met%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetropolitan+Opera" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPh.D2011" class="citation book cs1">Ph.D, Margaret Murray Thorell (March 7, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=j_YtHRmuFIUC&dq=After+the+Tuesday+night+visits+were+ended%2C+the+Met+still+returned+to+Philadelphia+on+its+spring+tours+in+1967%2C+1968%2C+1978%2C+and+1979.&pg=PT167">Swedes of the Delaware Valley</a>. Arcadia Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4396-3907-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4396-3907-8"><bdi>978-1-4396-3907-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Swedes+of+the+Delaware+Valley&rft.pub=Arcadia+Publishing&rft.date=2011-03-07&rft.isbn=978-1-4396-3907-8&rft.aulast=Ph.D&rft.aufirst=Margaret+Murray+Thorell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dj_YtHRmuFIUC%26dq%3DAfter%2Bthe%2BTuesday%2Bnight%2Bvisits%2Bwere%2Bended%252C%2Bthe%2BMet%2Bstill%2Breturned%2Bto%2BPhiladelphia%2Bon%2Bits%2Bspring%2Btours%2Bin%2B1967%252C%2B1968%252C%2B1978%252C%2Band%2B1979.%26pg%3DPT167&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetropolitan+Opera" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://americanhistory.si.edu/steinwaydiary/annotations/?id=2003&popup=1">"Background: Damrosch/Seidl Rivalry at The Metropolitan 1884–1891 | The William Steinway Diary: 1861–1896, Smithsonian Institution"</a>. americanhistory.si.edu. Retrieved March 7, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=americanhistory.si.edu&rft.atitle=Background%3A+Damrosch%2FSeidl+Rivalry+at+The+Metropolitan+1884%E2%80%931891+%7C+The+William+Steinway+Diary%3A+1861%E2%80%931896%2C+Smithsonian+Institution&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famericanhistory.si.edu%2Fsteinwaydiary%2Fannotations%2F%3Fid%3D2003%26popup%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetropolitan+Opera" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOrd-HumeWeberBorwickShorter2001" class="citation web cs1">Ord-Hume, Arthur W.J.G.; Weber, Jerome F.; Borwick, John; Shorter, D.E.L. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/grovemusic/view/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.001.0001/omo-9781561592630-e-0000026294">"Recorded Sound"</a>. Oxford Music Online. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.article.26294">10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.26294</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56159-263-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56159-263-0"><bdi>978-1-56159-263-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190319192800/http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/grovemusic/view/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.001.0001/omo-9781561592630-e-0000026294">Archived</a> from the original on March 19, 2019. Retrieved October 16, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oxford+Music+Online&rft.atitle=Recorded+Sound&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.article.26294&rft.isbn=978-1-56159-263-0&rft.aulast=Ord-Hume&rft.aufirst=Arthur+W.J.G.&rft.au=Weber%2C+Jerome+F.&rft.au=Borwick%2C+John&rft.au=Shorter%2C+D.E.L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordmusiconline.com%2Fgrovemusic%2Fview%2F10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.001.0001%2Fomo-9781561592630-e-0000026294&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetropolitan+Opera" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/programs/national-recording-preservation-board/about-this-program/">"About This Program"</a>. Library of Congress. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070208170650/http://www.loc.gov/rr/record/nrpb/nrpb-2002reg.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 8, 2007. Retrieved January 17, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+This+Program&rft.pub=Library+of+Congress&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Fprograms%2Fnational-recording-preservation-board%2Fabout-this-program%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetropolitan+Opera" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nypl.org/node/90326">"The Mapleson Cylinders"</a>. New York Public Library. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171023230540/https://www.nypl.org/node/90326">Archived</a> from the original on October 23, 2017. Retrieved January 17, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Mapleson+Cylinders&rft.pub=New+York+Public+Library&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nypl.org%2Fnode%2F90326&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetropolitan+Opera" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://case.edu/ech/articles/n/northern-ohio-opera-assn">"Northern Ohio Opera Assn"</a>. Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. <a href="/wiki/Case_Western_Reserve_University" title="Case Western Reserve University">Case Western Reserve University</a>. May 11, 2018. Retrieved January 9, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+of+Cleveland+History&rft.atitle=Northern+Ohio+Opera+Assn.&rft.date=2018-05-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcase.edu%2Fech%2Farticles%2Fn%2Fnorthern-ohio-opera-assn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetropolitan+Opera" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-tour-25"><a href="#cite_ref-tour_25-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1985-06-22-ca-2249-story.html">"Metropolitan Opera to end National Tours"</a>. Los Angeles Times. June 22, 1985. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190105032134/http://articles.latimes.com/1985-06-22/entertainment/ca-2249_1_metropolitan-opera">Archived</a> from the original on January 5, 2019. Retrieved January 17, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Metropolitan+Opera+to+end+National+Tours&rft.date=1985-06-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1985-06-22-ca-2249-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetropolitan+Opera" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1918/09/01/archives/john-b-schoeffel-dies-in-boston-at-72-veteran-manager-once-directed.html">"Obituary: John B. Schoeffel Dies in Boston at 72"</a>. The New York Times. September 1, 1918. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180223051132/https://www.nytimes.com/1918/09/01/archives/john-b-schoeffel-dies-in-boston-at-72-veteran-manager-once-directed.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 23, 2018. Retrieved January 17, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Obituary%3A+John+B.+Schoeffel+Dies+in+Boston+at+72&rft.date=1918-09-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1918%2F09%2F01%2Farchives%2Fjohn-b-schoeffel-dies-in-boston-at-72-veteran-manager-once-directed.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetropolitan+Opera" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-GRAU-27">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GRAU_27-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-GRAU_27-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1907/03/15/106744032.pdf">Untitled obituary:</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210719175552/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1907/03/15/106744032.pdf">Archived</a> July 19, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> The New York Times, March 15, 1907 </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1896/10/18/archives/death-of-henry-e-abbey-the-wellknown-managers-long-career-closed-he.html">"Death of Henry E. Abbey"</a>. The New York Times. October 18, 1896. p. 25. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180223051627/https://www.nytimes.com/1896/10/18/archives/death-of-henry-e-abbey-the-wellknown-managers-long-career-closed-he.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 23, 2018. Retrieved January 17, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Death+of+Henry+E.+Abbey&rft.pages=25&rft.date=1896-10-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1896%2F10%2F18%2Farchives%2Fdeath-of-henry-e-abbey-the-wellknown-managers-long-career-closed-he.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetropolitan+Opera" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-kahnresigns-29"><a href="#cite_ref-kahnresigns_29-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1931/10/27/archives/kahn-resigns-posts-as-opera-executive-paul-d-cravath-succeeds-him.html">"Kahn Resigns Posts As Opera Executive: Paul D. Cravath Succeeds Him"</a>. The New York Times. October 27, 1931. p. 27. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180612235837/https://www.nytimes.com/1931/10/27/archives/kahn-resigns-posts-as-opera-executive-paul-d-cravath-succeeds-him.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 12, 2018. Retrieved June 11, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Kahn+Resigns+Posts+As+Opera+Executive%3A+Paul+D.+Cravath+Succeeds+Him&rft.pages=27&rft.date=1931-10-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1931%2F10%2F27%2Farchives%2Fkahn-resigns-posts-as-opera-executive-paul-d-cravath-succeeds-him.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetropolitan+Opera" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-cravathstarts-30"><a href="#cite_ref-cravathstarts_30-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1931/10/29/archives/cravath-hails-day-of-new-opera-ideal-metropolitan-executive-looks.html">"Cravath Hails Day of New Opera Ideal"</a>. The New York Times. October 29, 1931. p. 25. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180612222730/https://www.nytimes.com/1931/10/29/archives/cravath-hails-day-of-new-opera-ideal-metropolitan-executive-looks.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 12, 2018. Retrieved June 11, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Cravath+Hails+Day+of+New+Opera+Ideal&rft.pages=25&rft.date=1931-10-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1931%2F10%2F29%2Farchives%2Fcravath-hails-day-of-new-opera-ideal-metropolitan-executive-looks.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetropolitan+Opera" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBalfour1978" class="citation book cs1">Balfour, Alan (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/rockefellercente0000balf">Rockefeller Center: Architecture as Theater</a>. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, Inc. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/rockefellercente0000balf/page/3">3</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-07003-480-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-07003-480-8"><bdi>978-0-07003-480-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rockefeller+Center%3A+Architecture+as+Theater&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=978-0-07003-480-8&rft.aulast=Balfour&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frockefellercente0000balf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetropolitan+Opera" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYTimes-Opera-Site-Dropped-1929-32"><a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes-Opera-Site-Dropped-1929_32-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211214162335/https://www.nytimes.com/1929/12/06/archives/rockefeller-site-for-opera-dropped-joint-announcement-says-plan-is.html">"Rockefeller Site For Opera Dropped"</a>. The New York Times. December 6, 1929. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1929/12/06/94215747.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on December 14, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Rockefeller+Site+For+Opera+Dropped&rft.date=1929-12-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1929%2F12%2F06%2F94215747.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetropolitan+Opera" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-deficit-33"><a href="#cite_ref-deficit_33-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1932/03/22/archives/future-of-the-opera-comes-up-tomorrow-cravath-returns-to-preside-at.html">"Future of the Opera Comes Up Tomorrow"</a>. The New York Times. March 22, 1932. p. 23. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180612203733/https://www.nytimes.com/1932/03/22/archives/future-of-the-opera-comes-up-tomorrow-cravath-returns-to-preside-at.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 12, 2018. Retrieved June 11, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Future+of+the+Opera+Comes+Up+Tomorrow&rft.pages=23&rft.date=1932-03-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1932%2F03%2F22%2Farchives%2Ffuture-of-the-opera-comes-up-tomorrow-cravath-returns-to-preside-at.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetropolitan+Opera" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nbc-34"><a href="#cite_ref-nbc_34-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunlap1932" class="citation news cs1">Dunlap, Orrin K. (January 10, 1932). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1932/01/10/archives/captured-for-the-multitudes-broadcasting-reveals-opera-is-not.html">"Captured for the Multitudes: Broadcasting Reveals Opera Is Not "High Hat"—Those Who Predicted Its "Death" May Find Radio a Tonic as Have Other Arts"</a>. The New York Times. p. XX7. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180612212354/https://www.nytimes.com/1932/01/10/archives/captured-for-the-multitudes-broadcasting-reveals-opera-is-not.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 12, 2018. Retrieved June 11, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Captured+for+the+Multitudes%3A+Broadcasting+Reveals+Opera+Is+Not+%22High+Hat%22%E2%80%94Those+Who+Predicted+Its+%22Death%22+May+Find+Radio+a+Tonic+as+Have+Other+Arts&rft.pages=XX7&rft.date=1932-01-10&rft.aulast=Dunlap&rft.aufirst=Orrin+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1932%2F01%2F10%2Farchives%2Fcaptured-for-the-multitudes-broadcasting-reveals-opera-is-not.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetropolitan+Opera" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-molto-36">^ <a href="#cite_ref-molto_36-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-molto_36-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFiedler2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Johanna_Fiedler" title="Johanna Fiedler">Fiedler, Johanna</a> (September 9, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=v9gtOoMw8RAC&pg=PT39">Molto Agitato: The Mayhem Behind the Music at the Metropolitan Opera</a>. Knopf Doubleday. pp. 39–41. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4000-7589-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4000-7589-8"><bdi>978-1-4000-7589-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160105052816/https://books.google.com/books?id=v9gtOoMw8RAC&pg=PT39">Archived</a> from the original on January 5, 2016. Retrieved December 26, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Molto+Agitato%3A+The+Mayhem+Behind+the+Music+at+the+Metropolitan+Opera&rft.pages=39-41&rft.pub=Knopf+Doubleday&rft.date=2003-09-09&rft.isbn=978-1-4000-7589-8&rft.aulast=Fiedler&rft.aufirst=Johanna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dv9gtOoMw8RAC%26pg%3DPT39&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetropolitan+Opera" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1932/03/04/archives/control-of-opera-to-be-reorganized-new-metropolitan-company-is.html">"Control of Opera to be Reorganized: New Metropolitan Company Is Planned, to Give Productions Under New Contracts"</a>. The New York Times. March 4, 1932. p. 1. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180612155157/https://www.nytimes.com/1932/03/04/archives/control-of-opera-to-be-reorganized-new-metropolitan-company-is.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 12, 2018. Retrieved June 11, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Control+of+Opera+to+be+Reorganized%3A+New+Metropolitan+Company+Is+Planned%2C+to+Give+Productions+Under+New+Contracts&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1932-03-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1932%2F03%2F04%2Farchives%2Fcontrol-of-opera-to-be-reorganized-new-metropolitan-company-is.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetropolitan+Opera" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-appeal-38"><a href="#cite_ref-appeal_38-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1933/02/11/archives/opera-denies-plan-to-quit-old-home-withdrawal-of-boxholders-support.html">"Opera Denies Plan to Quit Old Home; Withdrawal of Boxholders' Support Feared in Move to Rockefeller Center"</a>. The New York Times. February 11, 1933. p. 11. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180612204343/https://www.nytimes.com/1933/02/11/archives/opera-denies-plan-to-quit-old-home-withdrawal-of-boxholders-support.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 12, 2018. Retrieved June 11, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Opera+Denies+Plan+to+Quit+Old+Home%3B+Withdrawal+of+Boxholders%27+Support+Feared+in+Move+to+Rockefeller+Center&rft.pages=11&rft.date=1933-02-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1933%2F02%2F11%2Farchives%2Fopera-denies-plan-to-quit-old-home-withdrawal-of-boxholders-support.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetropolitan+Opera" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-success-39"><a href="#cite_ref-success_39-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1933/12/07/archives/opera-board-lays-plans-for-future-new-executive-group-formed-at.html">"Opera Board Lays Plans for Future"</a>. The New York Times. December 7, 1933. p. 27. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180223051731/https://www.nytimes.com/1933/12/07/archives/opera-board-lays-plans-for-future-new-executive-group-formed-at.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 23, 2018. Retrieved January 17, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Opera+Board+Lays+Plans+for+Future&rft.pages=27&rft.date=1933-12-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1933%2F12%2F07%2Farchives%2Fopera-board-lays-plans-for-future-new-executive-group-formed-at.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetropolitan+Opera" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-HWCT-40">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HWCT_40-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HWCT_40-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1935/05/11/page/1/article/witherspoon-opera-leader-dies-in-office">"Witherspoon, Opera Leader, Dies in Office"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Tribune" title="Chicago Tribune">Chicago Tribune</a>. May 11, 1935. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160307124523/http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1935/05/11/page/1/article/witherspoon-opera-leader-dies-in-office/">Archived</a> from the original on March 7, 2016. Retrieved January 7, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=Witherspoon%2C+Opera+Leader%2C+Dies+in+Office&rft.date=1935-05-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchives.chicagotribune.com%2F1935%2F05%2F11%2Fpage%2F1%2Farticle%2Fwitherspoon-opera-leader-dies-in-office&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetropolitan+Opera" class="Z3988">(subscription required) </li> <li id="cite_note-HWNYT-41">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HWNYT_41-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HWNYT_41-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9B0CE2DA1139E33ABC4952DFB366838E629EDE">"Witherspoon Dies in Office at Opera on Eve of Sailing. New Manager of Metropolitan Is Victim of Sudden Heart Attack After Day's Work"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. May 11, 1935. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160421204213/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9B0CE2DA1139E33ABC4952DFB366838E629EDE">Archived</a> from the original on April 21, 2016. Retrieved August 12, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Witherspoon+Dies+in+Office+at+Opera+on+Eve+of+Sailing.+New+Manager+of+Metropolitan+Is+Victim+of+Sudden+Heart+Attack+After+Day%27s+Work&rft.date=1935-05-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Fabstract.html%3Fres%3D9B0CE2DA1139E33ABC4952DFB366838E629EDE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetropolitan+Opera" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-HWT-42">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HWT_42-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HWT_42-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,754812,00.html">"Death in the Met"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a>. May 20, 1935. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200522152949/http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,754812,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 22, 2020. Retrieved January 7, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Death+in+the+Met&rft.date=1935-05-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C754812%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetropolitan+Opera" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://operawire.com/on-this-day-how-rudolf-bing-transformed-the-metropolitan-opera-forever/">"On This Day – How Rudolf Bing Transformed the Metropolitan Opera Forever"</a>. Opera Wire. 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Retrieved September 28, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=the+Guardian&rft.atitle=This+man+made+opera+history.+Why+did+I+not+know+him%3F&rft.date=2021-05-12&rft.aulast=Brathwaite&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmusic%2F2021%2Fmay%2F12%2Frobert-mcferrin-baritone-metropolitan-opera-peter-brathwaite&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetropolitan+Opera" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archives.metopera.org/MetOperaSearch/record.jsp?dockey=0371922">"Met Performance CID:187250 Turandot (28)"</a>. Metropolitan Opera Archives. February 24, 1961. Retrieved January 12, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Met+Performance+CID%3A187250+Turandot+%2828%29&rft.pub=Metropolitan+Opera+Archives&rft.date=1961-02-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchives.metopera.org%2FMetOperaSearch%2Frecord.jsp%3Fdockey%3D0371922&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetropolitan+Opera" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qE8EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA53">"Biggest Opera Hit in 10 years"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Life_(magazine)" title="Life (magazine)">Life</a>. May 5, 1961. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210123205421/https://books.google.com/books?id=qE8EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA53">Archived</a> from the original on January 23, 2021. 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Vol. 71, no. 2. pp. 40–45. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210504040708/https://www.operanews.com/Opera_News_Magazine/2006/8/Features/The_Not-So-Grand_Tour.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 4, 2021. 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September 26, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190510151210/https://www.wqxr.org/story/remembering-old-metropolitan-opera-house/">Archived</a> from the original on May 10, 2019. Retrieved May 10, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WQXR&rft.atitle=Remembering+the+Old+Metropolitan+Opera+House&rft.date=2016-09-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wqxr.org%2Fstory%2Fremembering-old-metropolitan-opera-house%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetropolitan+Opera" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.metopera.org/season/on-demand/opera/?upc=811357018330">"Highlights of the 1966–67 Season"</a>. 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The New York Times. p. C11. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180115100129/http://www.nytimes.com/1992/01/13/arts/critic-s-notebook-why-met-s-ghosts-will-be-disembodied-until-1994-95-season.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 15, 2018. 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Retrieved July 18, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Opera+News&rft.atitle=Pacific+Overtures&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=1&rft.date=2015-07&rft.aulast=Cohn&rft.aufirst=Fred&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.operanews.com%2FOpera_News_Magazine%2F2015%2F7%2FFeatures%2FPacific_Overtures.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetropolitan+Opera" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scotsman.com/news/obituaries/renata-tebaldi-soprano-1-571667">"Renata Tebaldi, Soprano"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Scotsman" title="The Scotsman">The Scotsman</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191228103153/https://www.scotsman.com/news/obituaries/renata-tebaldi-soprano-1-571667">Archived</a> from the original on December 28, 2019. 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Retrieved May 22, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Met+Opera+Dismantles+Its+Ballet+in+Buyouts&rft.date=2013-05-20&rft.aulast=Kozinn&rft.aufirst=Allan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2013%2F05%2F21%2Farts%2Fdance%2Fmetropolitan-opera-disbands-its-ballet-corps.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetropolitan+Opera" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoss2014" class="citation magazine cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alex_Ross_(music_critic)" title="Alex Ross (music critic)">Ross, Alex</a> (June 24, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newyorker.com/culture/culture-desk/the-mets-klinghoffer-problem">"The Met's Klinghoffer Problem"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170924001641/https://www.newyorker.com/culture/culture-desk/the-mets-klinghoffer-problem">Archived</a> from the original on September 24, 2017. 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Retrieved January 17, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=The+Met%2C+the+opera+on+the+murder+of+Leon+Klinghoffer+and+the+politics+of+protest&rft.date=2014-10-16&rft.aulast=Edgers&rft.aufirst=Geoff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fentertainment%2Fmusic%2Fthe-met-the-controversial-opera-and-the-politics-of-protest%2F2014%2F10%2F16%2Fe6c44984-5555-11e4-ba4b-f6333e2c0453_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetropolitan+Opera" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZeitchik" class="citation news cs1">Zeitchik, Steven. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/arts/la-et-cm-death-of-klinghoffer-protests-20141021-story.html">"'Death of Klinghoffer' goes on at Met Opera House despite protests"</a>. Los Angeles Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171206005911/http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/arts/la-et-cm-death-of-klinghoffer-protests-20141021-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 6, 2017. Retrieved January 17, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=%27Death+of+Klinghoffer%27+goes+on+at+Met+Opera+House+despite+protests&rft.aulast=Zeitchik&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fentertainment%2Farts%2Fla-et-cm-death-of-klinghoffer-protests-20141021-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetropolitan+Opera" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/15/arts/music/james-levine-transformative-at-the-met-opera-is-stepping-down.html">"James Levine, Transformative at the Met Opera, Is Stepping Down"</a>. The New York Times. April 15, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170401011304/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/15/arts/music/james-levine-transformative-at-the-met-opera-is-stepping-down.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 1, 2017. Retrieved February 11, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=James+Levine%2C+Transformative+at+the+Met+Opera%2C+Is+Stepping+Down&rft.date=2016-04-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2016%2F04%2F15%2Farts%2Fmusic%2Fjames-levine-transformative-at-the-met-opera-is-stepping-down.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetropolitan+Opera" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2016" class="citation web cs1">Smith, Jennifer (April 14, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/met-opera-maestro-james-levine-steps-down-1460661409">"Met Opera Maestro James Levine To Step Down"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160810180655/http://www.wsj.com/articles/met-opera-maestro-james-levine-steps-down-1460661409">Archived</a> from the original on August 10, 2016. Retrieved March 10, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Met+Opera+Maestro+James+Levine+To+Step+Down&rft.date=2016-04-14&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Fmet-opera-maestro-james-levine-steps-down-1460661409&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetropolitan+Opera" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-wsj_metopera-66"><a href="#cite_ref-wsj_metopera_66-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2016" class="citation web cs1">Smith, Jennifer (June 2, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/met-opera-names-yannick-nezet-seguin-as-new-music-director-1464873975">"Met Opera Names Yannick Nézet-Séguin as New Music Director"</a>. The Wall Street Journal. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160603053542/http://www.wsj.com/articles/met-opera-names-yannick-nezet-seguin-as-new-music-director-1464873975">Archived</a> from the original on June 3, 2016. Retrieved June 3, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Met+Opera+Names+Yannick+N%C3%A9zet-S%C3%A9guin+as+New+Music+Director&rft.date=2016-06-02&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Fmet-opera-names-yannick-nezet-seguin-as-new-music-director-1464873975&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetropolitan+Opera" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichael_Cooper2018" class="citation news cs1">Michael Cooper (February 15, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/15/arts/music/metropolitan-opera-season-dudamel-kaufmann-netrebko-yannick.html">"Yannick Nézet-Séguin Will Lead the Met Opera, Two Years Early"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180215181506/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/15/arts/music/metropolitan-opera-season-dudamel-kaufmann-netrebko-yannick.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 15, 2018. Retrieved February 15, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Yannick+N%C3%A9zet-S%C3%A9guin+Will+Lead+the+Met+Opera%2C+Two+Years+Early&rft.date=2018-02-15&rft.au=Michael+Cooper&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2018%2F02%2F15%2Farts%2Fmusic%2Fmetropolitan-opera-season-dudamel-kaufmann-netrebko-yannick.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetropolitan+Opera" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJavier_C._Hernández2024" class="citation news cs1">Javier C. Hernández (August 6, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/08/06/arts/music/metropolitan-opera-ring-nezet-seguin-sharon.html">"The Met Opera Plans a New Ring With a Familiar Maestro"</a>. The New York Times. Retrieved August 7, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Met+Opera+Plans+a+New+Ring+With+a+Familiar+Maestro&rft.date=2024-08-06&rft.au=Javier+C.+Hern%C3%A1ndez&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2024%2F08%2F06%2Farts%2Fmusic%2Fmetropolitan-opera-ring-nezet-seguin-sharon.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetropolitan+Opera" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJavier_C._Hernández2024" class="citation news cs1">Javier C. Hernández (November 13, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/11/13/arts/music/daniele-rustioni-met-opera.html">"Daniele Rustioni, Fixture at the Met Opera, Will Be Its Guest Conductor"</a>. The New York Times. Retrieved November 14, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Daniele+Rustioni%2C+Fixture+at+the+Met+Opera%2C+Will+Be+Its+Guest+Conductor&rft.date=2024-11-13&rft.au=Javier+C.+Hern%C3%A1ndez&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2024%2F11%2F13%2Farts%2Fmusic%2Fdaniele-rustioni-met-opera.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetropolitan+Opera" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nytimes_20171202-70"><a href="#cite_ref-nytimes_20171202_70-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCooper2017" class="citation news cs1">Cooper, Michael (December 2, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/02/arts/music/james-levine-sexual-misconduct-met-opera.html">"Met Opera to Investigate James Levine Over Sexual Abuse Accusation"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171203222721/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/02/arts/music/james-levine-sexual-misconduct-met-opera.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 3, 2017. Retrieved December 2, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Met+Opera+to+Investigate+James+Levine+Over+Sexual+Abuse+Accusation&rft.date=2017-12-02&rft.aulast=Cooper&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F12%2F02%2Farts%2Fmusic%2Fjames-levine-sexual-misconduct-met-opera.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetropolitan+Opera" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCooper2017" class="citation web cs1">Cooper, Michael (December 3, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/03/arts/music/james-levine-met-opera.html">"Met Opera Suspends James Levine After New Sexual Abuse Accusations"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200516011314/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/03/arts/music/james-levine-met-opera.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 16, 2020. Retrieved December 3, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Met+Opera+Suspends+James+Levine+After+New+Sexual+Abuse+Accusations&rft.date=2017-12-03&rft.aulast=Cooper&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F12%2F03%2Farts%2Fmusic%2Fjames-levine-met-opera.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetropolitan+Opera" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMidgette2017" class="citation news cs1">Midgette, Anne (December 3, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/metropolitan-opera-to-investigate-james-levine-over-sexual-abuse-allegations/2017/12/03/e8820982-d842-11e7-a841-2066faf731ef_story.html">"Metropolitan Opera suspends James Levine over sexual abuse allegations"</a>. The Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171204233407/https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/metropolitan-opera-to-investigate-james-levine-over-sexual-abuse-allegations/2017/12/03/e8820982-d842-11e7-a841-2066faf731ef_story.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 4, 2017. Retrieved December 5, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Metropolitan+Opera+suspends+James+Levine+over+sexual+abuse+allegations&rft.date=2017-12-03&rft.aulast=Midgette&rft.aufirst=Anne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Flifestyle%2Fstyle%2Fmetropolitan-opera-to-investigate-james-levine-over-sexual-abuse-allegations%2F2017%2F12%2F03%2Fe8820982-d842-11e7-a841-2066faf731ef_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetropolitan+Opera" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCooper2017" class="citation news cs1">Cooper, Michael (December 3, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/04/arts/music/james-levine-met-opera.html">"Met Opera Reels as Fourth Man Accuses James Levine of Sexual Abuse"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171205093147/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/04/arts/music/james-levine-met-opera.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 5, 2017. Retrieved December 5, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Met+Opera+Reels+as+Fourth+Man+Accuses+James+Levine+of+Sexual+Abuse&rft.date=2017-12-03&rft.aulast=Cooper&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F12%2F04%2Farts%2Fmusic%2Fjames-levine-met-opera.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetropolitan+Opera" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHensleyBrown2017" class="citation news cs1">Hensley, Nicole; Brown, Stephen Rex (December 4, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/manhattan/met-opera-suspends-james-levine-molestation-claims-article-1.3675177">"Met Opera suspends James Levine after sex abuse claims dating back to 1960s"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_Daily_News" title="New York Daily News">New York Daily News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180129120648/http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/manhattan/met-opera-suspends-james-levine-molestation-claims-article-1.3675177">Archived</a> from the original on January 29, 2018. Retrieved January 18, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Daily+News&rft.atitle=Met+Opera+suspends+James+Levine+after+sex+abuse+claims+dating+back+to+1960s&rft.date=2017-12-04&rft.aulast=Hensley&rft.aufirst=Nicole&rft.au=Brown%2C+Stephen+Rex&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nydailynews.com%2Fnew-york%2Fmanhattan%2Fmet-opera-suspends-james-levine-molestation-claims-article-1.3675177&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetropolitan+Opera" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichael_Cooper2018" class="citation news cs1">Michael Cooper (March 12, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/12/arts/music/james-levine-metropolitan-opera.html">"James Levine's Final Act at the Met Ends in Disgrace"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180323182831/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/12/arts/music/james-levine-metropolitan-opera.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 23, 2018. Retrieved March 24, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=James+Levine%27s+Final+Act+at+the+Met+Ends+in+Disgrace&rft.date=2018-03-12&rft.au=Michael+Cooper&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2018%2F03%2F12%2Farts%2Fmusic%2Fjames-levine-metropolitan-opera.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetropolitan+Opera" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichael_Cooper2018" class="citation news cs1">Michael Cooper (March 15, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/15/arts/music/metropolitan-opera-james-levine.html">"James Levine, Fired Over Abuse Allegations, Sues the Met Opera"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180321161434/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/15/arts/music/metropolitan-opera-james-levine.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 21, 2018. Retrieved March 24, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=James+Levine%2C+Fired+Over+Abuse+Allegations%2C+Sues+the+Met+Opera&rft.date=2018-03-15&rft.au=Michael+Cooper&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2018%2F03%2F15%2Farts%2Fmusic%2Fmetropolitan-opera-james-levine.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetropolitan+Opera" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichael_Cooper2018" class="citation news cs1">Michael Cooper (March 16, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/16/arts/music/james-levine-peter-gelb-metropolitan-opera.html">"James Levine, a Fractured Partnership and a Met Opera Lawsuit"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180321161249/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/16/arts/music/james-levine-peter-gelb-metropolitan-opera.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 21, 2018. Retrieved March 24, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=James+Levine%2C+a+Fractured+Partnership+and+a+Met+Opera+Lawsuit&rft.date=2018-03-16&rft.au=Michael+Cooper&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2018%2F03%2F16%2Farts%2Fmusic%2Fjames-levine-peter-gelb-metropolitan-opera.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetropolitan+Opera" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> The New York Times, August 7, 2019. article by Michael Cooper[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">full citation needed</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/metropolitan-opera-to-stop-working-with-artists-who-have-ties-to-putin/">"Metropolitan Opera to stop working with artists who have ties to Putin"</a>. www.cbsnews.com. February 28, 2022. 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Retrieved January 17, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Our+Story&rft.pub=Tessitura+Network&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tessituranetwork.com%2Fen%2FAbout%2FStory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetropolitan+Opera" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k9qbNAl1qog">"Peter Gelb's speech at the Opera Conference 2016"</a>. YouTube. May 21, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160630083341/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k9qbNAl1qog">Archived</a> from the original on June 30, 2016. Retrieved June 3, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=Peter+Gelb%27s+speech+at+the+Opera+Conference+2016&rft.date=2016-05-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3Dk9qbNAl1qog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetropolitan+Opera" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.phonotheque.org/radio/reperes-eng.html">Phonothèque québécoise</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080513142522/http://www.phonotheque.org/radio/reperes-eng.html">Archived</a> May 13, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, accessed January 21, 2008. </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030301171151/http://www.operainfo.org/about/ab_broadcast.htm">"Metropolitan Opera International Radio Network Broadcast History"</a>. The Metropolitan Opera Guild. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.operainfo.org/about/ab_broadcast.htm">the original</a> on March 1, 2003.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Metropolitan+Opera+International+Radio+Network+Broadcast+History&rft.pub=The+Metropolitan+Opera+Guild&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.operainfo.org%2Fabout%2Fab_broadcast.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetropolitan+Opera" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-obit-101">^ <a href="#cite_ref-obit_101-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-obit_101-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150604183936/http://metopera.org/metopera/news/features/news-flash/remembering-margaret-juntwait">"Remembering Margaret Juntwait"</a>. June 3, 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://metopera.org/metopera/news/features/news-flash/remembering-margaret-juntwait">the original</a> on June 4, 2015. Retrieved January 17, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Remembering+Margaret+Juntwait&rft.date=2015-06-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmetopera.org%2Fmetopera%2Fnews%2Ffeatures%2Fnews-flash%2Fremembering-margaret-juntwait&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetropolitan+Opera" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newstatesman.com/200701220032">Peter Conrad, "Lessons from America"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070211112339/http://www.newstatesman.com/200701220032/">Archived</a> February 11, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, New Statesman, January 22, 2007. </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://investor.sirius.com/ReleaseDetail.cfm?ReleaseID=211679&cat=&newsroom=">Sirius Radio's announcement of new relationship with the MET.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141027003006/http://investor.sirius.com/ReleaseDetail.cfm?ReleaseID=211679&cat=&newsroom=">Archived</a> October 27, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070509034550/http://www.ncm.com/DigitalProgramming/About.aspx">"About NCM digital programming"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncm.com/DigitalProgramming/About.aspx">the original</a> on May 9, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+NCM+digital+programming.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncm.com%2FDigitalProgramming%2FAbout.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetropolitan+Opera" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaruriunyan2006" class="citation web cs1">Haruriunyan, Ruzan (December 20, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huliq.com/2580/metropolitan-opera-live-in-hd-now-playing-at-a-theater">""Metropolitan Opera: Live In HD" Now Playing At A Theater"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080627151316/http://www.huliq.com/2580/metropolitan-opera-live-in-hd-now-playing-at-a-theater">Archived</a> from the original on June 27, 2008. Retrieved April 9, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Metropolitan+Opera%3A+Live+In+HD%22+Now+Playing+At+A+Theater&rft.date=2006-12-20&rft.aulast=Haruriunyan&rft.aufirst=Ruzan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.huliq.com%2F2580%2Fmetropolitan-opera-live-in-hd-now-playing-at-a-theater&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetropolitan+Opera" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fathomevents.com/subpage/index.asp?EventID=610&code=METpage">List of Met productions presented on HD in 2007</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100929232427/http://www.fathomevents.com/subpage/index.asp?EventID=610&code=METpage">Archived</a> September 29, 2010, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> Robertson, Campbell. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/01/arts/music/01scre.html?_r=1&oref=slogin">"Mozart, Now Singing at a Theatre Near You"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161220163954/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/01/arts/music/01scre.html?_r=1&oref=slogin">Archived</a> December 20, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, The New York Times, January 1, 2007. </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> Fitzsimmons, Elizabeth. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://weblog.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20061231/news_1m31opera.html">"Movie theaters offer opera live from the Met"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070920072423/http://weblog.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20061231/news_1m31opera.html">Archived</a> September 20, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, San Diego Union-Tribune, December 31, 2006. </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOuzounian2007" class="citation news cs1">Ouzounian, Richard (March 3, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://variety.com/2007/legit/markets-festivals/met-simulcasts-heat-up-movie-venues-1117960463/">"Opera Screen Dream: Met simulcasts heat up plexes in cities, stix"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a>. pp. 41–42. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180118182422/http://variety.com/2007/legit/markets-festivals/met-simulcasts-heat-up-movie-venues-1117960463/">Archived</a> from the original on January 18, 2018. Retrieved January 17, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=Opera+Screen+Dream%3A+Met+simulcasts+heat+up+plexes+in+cities%2C+stix&rft.pages=41-42&rft.date=2007-03-03&rft.aulast=Ouzounian&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvariety.com%2F2007%2Flegit%2Fmarkets-festivals%2Fmet-simulcasts-heat-up-movie-venues-1117960463%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetropolitan+Opera" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Daniel_Watkin-111">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Daniel_Watkin_111-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Daniel_Watkin_111-1">b</a> Daniel Watkin, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/17/arts/music/17broa.html?mtrref=undefined&gwh=A19F59458C9A7DD88164C57597694FC6&gwt=pay">Met Opera To Expand Simulcasts In Theaters</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180118181808/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/17/arts/music/17broa.html?mtrref=undefined&gwh=A19F59458C9A7DD88164C57597694FC6&gwt=pay">Archived</a> January 18, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, The New York Times, May 17, 2007. </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metoperafamily.org/metopera/news/press/detail.aspx?id=300">"The Met Opera's 2007/08 Season to Feature Seven New Productions – the Most in More than 40 Years"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080214200959/http://www.metoperafamily.org/metopera/news/press/detail.aspx?id=300">Archived</a> from the original on February 14, 2008. Retrieved May 13, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Met+Opera%27s+2007%2F08+Season+to+Feature+Seven+New+Productions+%E2%80%93+the+Most+in+More+than+40+Years.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metoperafamily.org%2Fmetopera%2Fnews%2Fpress%2Fdetail.aspx%3Fid%3D300&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetropolitan+Opera" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fathomevents.com/files/PRPDF/MET_07-08_Participating_LIVE_Theatre_List.htm">"Participating Theatres – Met Opera Live in HD Series – Live Performances"</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍], announced October 2, 2007, </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> Adam Wasserman, "Changing Definitions", Opera News, December 2007, p. 60. </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metoperafamily.org/metopera/news/press/detail.aspx?id=3810">"The Metropolitan Opera Announces Expansion of Live, High-Definition Transmissions to Eleven in 2008–09"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080501020812/http://www.metoperafamily.org/metopera/news/press/detail.aspx?id=3810">Archived</a> May 1, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Met press release, April 22, 2008. </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> Pamela McClintock, "Live perfs have Met beaming", Variety, June 11, 2008, reporting on a survey conducted by <a href="/wiki/Opera_America" title="Opera America">Opera America</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metoperafamily.org/met_player/">Met Player</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090726221437/http://www.metoperafamily.org/met%5Fplayer/">Archived</a> July 26, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> On-demand video and audio. </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rhapsody.com/metropolitan-opera">The Met</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090718225351/http://www.rhapsody.com/metropolitan-opera">Archived</a> July 18, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> on <a href="/wiki/Rhapsody_(online_music_service)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhapsody (online music service)">Rhapsody</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030210100849/http://archive.operainfo.org/">"Metropolitan Opera International Broadcast Information Center Archive: All Operas"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.operainfo.org/">the original</a> on February 10, 2003.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Metropolitan+Opera+International+Broadcast+Information+Center+Archive%3A+All+Operas.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.operainfo.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetropolitan+Opera" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/frame.htm">"Metropolitan Opera Association"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181231114417/http://archives.metoperafamily.org/archives/frame.htm">Archived</a> from the original on December 31, 2018. Retrieved September 11, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Metropolitan+Opera+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchives.metoperafamily.org%2Farchives%2Fframe.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetropolitan+Opera" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.metopera.org/user-information/nightly-met-opera-streams/">"Nightly Met Opera Streams"</a>. Metropolitan Opera. March 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201027134749/https://www.metopera.org/user-information/nightly-met-opera-streams/">Archived</a> from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved March 22, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nightly+Met+Opera+Streams&rft.pub=Metropolitan+Opera&rft.date=2020-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.metopera.org%2Fuser-information%2Fnightly-met-opera-streams%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetropolitan+Opera" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.metopera.org/about/press-releases/the-metropolitan-opera-cancels-its-202021-season/">"The Metropolitan Opera Cancels Its 2020–21 Season Due to the Ongoing Covid-19 Pandemic, while also Announcing Its Lineup for 2021–22"</a>. metopera.org. Metropolitan Opera. September 23, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210302171619/https://www.metopera.org/about/press-releases/the-metropolitan-opera-cancels-its-202021-season/">Archived</a> from the original on March 2, 2021. Retrieved March 14, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=metopera.org&rft.atitle=The+Metropolitan+Opera+Cancels+Its+2020%E2%80%9321+Season+Due+to+the+Ongoing+Covid-19+Pandemic%2C+while+also+Announcing+Its+Lineup+for+2021%E2%80%9322&rft.date=2020-09-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.metopera.org%2Fabout%2Fpress-releases%2Fthe-metropolitan-opera-cancels-its-202021-season%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetropolitan+Opera" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacobs2021" class="citation news cs1">Jacobs, Julia (September 10, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/09/10/arts/music/met-opera-reopening-pandemic.html">"The Met Opera Races to Reopen After Months of Pandemic Silence"</a>. The New York Times. Retrieved December 10, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Met+Opera+Races+to+Reopen+After+Months+of+Pandemic+Silence&rft.date=2021-09-10&rft.aulast=Jacobs&rft.aufirst=Julia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2021%2F09%2F10%2Farts%2Fmusic%2Fmet-opera-reopening-pandemic.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetropolitan+Opera" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pix11.com/news/coronavirus/met-opera-ny-philharmonic-carnegie-hall-drop-mask-mandate%ef%bf%bc/">"Met Opera, NY Philharmonic, Carnegie Hall drop mask mandate"</a>. PIX11. October 17, 2022. Retrieved December 10, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PIX11&rft.atitle=Met+Opera%2C+NY+Philharmonic%2C+Carnegie+Hall+drop+mask+mandate&rft.date=2022-10-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpix11.com%2Fnews%2Fcoronavirus%2Fmet-opera-ny-philharmonic-carnegie-hall-drop-mask-mandate%25ef%25bf%25bc%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetropolitan+Opera" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180514213932/https://www.metopera.org/user-information/seat-maps/">"Metropolitan Opera | Seat Maps"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.metopera.org/user-information/seat-maps/">the original</a> on May 14, 2018. Retrieved December 8, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Metropolitan+Opera+%26%23124%3B+Seat+Maps&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.metopera.org%2Fuser-information%2Fseat-maps%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetropolitan+Opera" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Anonymous1910-126"><a href="#cite_ref-Anonymous1910_126-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1910/02/10/archives/hammerstein-offer-to-metropolitan-says-hes-willing-to-sell-his.html">"Hammerstein Offer to Metropolitan; Says He's Willing to Sell His Philadelphia Opera House, Giving Rivals Control"</a>. The New York Times. February 10, 1910. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180726005713/https://www.nytimes.com/1910/02/10/archives/hammerstein-offer-to-metropolitan-says-hes-willing-to-sell-his.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 26, 2018. Retrieved July 25, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Hammerstein+Offer+to+Metropolitan%3B+Says+He%27s+Willing+to+Sell+His+Philadelphia+Opera+House%2C+Giving+Rivals+Control&rft.date=1910-02-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1910%2F02%2F10%2Farchives%2Fhammerstein-offer-to-metropolitan-says-hes-willing-to-sell-his.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetropolitan+Opera" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Anonymous1920-127"><a href="#cite_ref-Anonymous1920_127-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1920/04/03/archives/will-sell-opera-house-philadelphia-metropolitan-building-to-be.html">"Will Sell Opera House.; Philadelphia Metropolitan Building to be Auctioned April 28"</a>. The New York Times. April 3, 1920. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180725214359/https://www.nytimes.com/1920/04/03/archives/will-sell-opera-house-philadelphia-metropolitan-building-to-be.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 25, 2018. Retrieved July 25, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Will+Sell+Opera+House.%3B+Philadelphia+Metropolitan+Building+to+be+Auctioned+April+28&rft.date=1920-04-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1920%2F04%2F03%2Farchives%2Fwill-sell-opera-house-philadelphia-metropolitan-building-to-be.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetropolitan+Opera" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Anonymous1910a-128"><a href="#cite_ref-Anonymous1910a_128-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1910/12/14/archives/philadelphia-opera-opens-metropolitan-company-gives-tann-haeuser.html">"Philadelphia Opera Opens.; Metropolitan Company Gives "Tannhaeuser" Before Big Audience"</a>. The New York Times. December 14, 1910. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180725214820/https://www.nytimes.com/1910/12/14/archives/philadelphia-opera-opens-metropolitan-company-gives-tann-haeuser.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 25, 2018. Retrieved July 25, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Philadelphia+Opera+Opens.%3B+Metropolitan+Company+Gives+%22Tannhaeuser%22+Before+Big+Audience.&rft.date=1910-12-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1910%2F12%2F14%2Farchives%2Fphiladelphia-opera-opens-metropolitan-company-gives-tann-haeuser.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetropolitan+Opera" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllan_Kozinn1990" class="citation news cs1">Allan Kozinn (February 10, 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1990/02/10/obituaries/david-stivender-56-chorus-master-of-met-opera.html">"David Stivender, 56, Chorus Master of Met Opera"</a>. The New York Times. Retrieved November 14, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=David+Stivender%2C+56%2C+Chorus+Master+of+Met+Opera&rft.date=1990-02-10&rft.au=Allan+Kozinn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1990%2F02%2F10%2Fobituaries%2Fdavid-stivender-56-chorus-master-of-met-opera.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetropolitan+Opera" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZachary_Woolfe2024" class="citation news cs1">Zachary Woolfe (May 21, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/05/21/arts/music/donald-palumbo-metropolitan-opera.html">"He Made the Met Opera's Chorus the Best in the World"</a>. The New York Times. Retrieved November 14, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=He+Made+the+Met+Opera%27s+Chorus+the+Best+in+the+World&rft.date=2024-05-21&rft.au=Zachary+Woolfe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2024%2F05%2F21%2Farts%2Fmusic%2Fdonald-palumbo-metropolitan-opera.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetropolitan+Opera" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metoperafamily.org/metopera/about/whoweare/detail.aspx?id=3">"Met Orchestra roster"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111008080107/http://www.metoperafamily.org/metopera/about/whoweare/detail.aspx?id=3">Archived</a> from the original on October 8, 2011. Retrieved September 15, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Met+Orchestra+roster&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metoperafamily.org%2Fmetopera%2Fabout%2Fwhoweare%2Fdetail.aspx%3Fid%3D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetropolitan+Opera" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJavier_C._Hernández2024" class="citation news cs1">Javier C. Hernández (April 3, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/03/arts/music/tilman-michael-chorus-master-metropolitan-opera.html">"Met Opera Taps German Conductor as Next Chorus Director"</a>. The New York Times. Retrieved November 14, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Met+Opera+Taps+German+Conductor+as+Next+Chorus+Director&rft.date=2024-04-03&rft.au=Javier+C.+Hern%C3%A1ndez&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2024%2F04%2F03%2Farts%2Fmusic%2Ftilman-michael-chorus-master-metropolitan-opera.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetropolitan+Opera" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> "Death on Opera Stage", The New York Times, February 11, 1897. </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> "Leonard Warren Collapses And Dies on Stage at 'Met'", The New York Times, March 5, 1960. </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> "Met Singer Killed in Backstage Elevator in Cleveland", The New York Times, May 2, 1977. </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1980/07/26/death-of-a-violinist/4b994824-5132-4700-8b51-0dc40151664e/">"Death Of a Violinist"</a>. Washington Post. July 26, 1980. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170828152301/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1980/07/26/death-of-a-violinist/4b994824-5132-4700-8b51-0dc40151664e/">Archived</a> from the original on August 28, 2017. Retrieved March 6, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Death+Of+a+Violinist&rft.date=1980-07-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Flifestyle%2F1980%2F07%2F26%2Fdeath-of-a-violinist%2F4b994824-5132-4700-8b51-0dc40151664e%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetropolitan+Opera" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFE._R._Shipp1981" class="citation news cs1">E. R. Shipp (April 28, 1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1981/04/28/nyregion/confession-details-given-as-opera-murder-trial-starts.html">"Confession Details Given As Opera Murder Trial Starts"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160914065405/http://www.nytimes.com/1981/04/28/nyregion/confession-details-given-as-opera-murder-trial-starts.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 14, 2016. Retrieved February 11, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Confession+Details+Given+As+Opera+Murder+Trial+Starts&rft.date=1981-04-28&rft.au=E.+R.+Shipp&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1981%2F04%2F28%2Fnyregion%2Fconfession-details-given-as-opera-murder-trial-starts.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetropolitan+Opera" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSlotnik2011" class="citation news cs1">Slotnik, Daniel E. (June 4, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/04/arts/music/johanna-fiedler-writer-of-music-tell-alls-dies-at-65.html?_r=1&ref=deathsobituaries">"Johanna Fiedler Dies at 65; Wrote of the Met Opera"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190215215638/https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/04/arts/music/johanna-fiedler-writer-of-music-tell-alls-dies-at-65.html?_r=1&ref=deathsobituaries">Archived</a> from the original on February 15, 2019. Retrieved February 11, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Johanna+Fiedler+Dies+at+65%3B+Wrote+of+the+Met+Opera&rft.date=2011-06-04&rft.aulast=Slotnik&rft.aufirst=Daniel+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2011%2F06%2F04%2Farts%2Fmusic%2Fjohanna-fiedler-writer-of-music-tell-alls-dies-at-65.html%3F_r%3D1%26ref%3Ddeathsobituaries&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetropolitan+Opera" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,920910,00.html">"Dance of Death"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080330003725/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,920910,00.html">Archived</a> March 30, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">TIME</a> August 4, 1980 </li> <li id="cite_note-Murderat-140"><a href="#cite_ref-Murderat_140-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050121121348/http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1282/is_v36/ai_3574211">"Murder at the Met. – book reviews | National Review | Find Articles at BNET.com"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1282/is_v36/ai_3574211">the original</a> on January 21, 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Murder+at+the+Met.+%E2%80%93+book+reviews+%26%23124%3B+National+Review+%26%23124%3B+Find+Articles+at+BNET.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffindarticles.com%2Fp%2Farticles%2Fmi_m1282%2Fis_v36%2Fai_3574211&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetropolitan+Opera" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> Lynette Holloway, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F0DE1DE1339F934A35752C0A960958260&scp=1&sq=richard%20versalle&st=cse">"Richard Versalle, 63, Met Tenor, Dies After Fall in a Performance"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210719175614/https://www.nytimes.com/1996/01/07/nyregion/richard-versalle-63-met-tenor-dies-after-fall-in-a-performance.html">Archived</a> July 19, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, The New York Times, January 7, 1996. </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcFadden1988" class="citation news cs1">McFadden, Robert (January 24, 1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=940DE3D9103DF937A15752C0A96E948260&scp=60&sq=January+24%2C+1988&st=nyt">"Opera Patron Dies in Plunge From a Balcony at the Met"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210719175555/https://www.nytimes.com/1988/01/24/nyregion/opera-patron-dies-in-plunge-from-a-balcony-at-the-met.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 19, 2021. Retrieved January 17, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Opera+Patron+Dies+in+Plunge+From+a+Balcony+at+the+Met&rft.date=1988-01-24&rft.aulast=McFadden&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Ffullpage.html%3Fres%3D940DE3D9103DF937A15752C0A96E948260%26scp%3D60%26sq%3DJanuary%2B24%252C%2B1988%26st%3Dnyt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetropolitan+Opera" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?sec=health&res=940DE2DB153FF936A15752C0A96E948260">"Metro Datelines; Man's Death at Opera Is Called a Suicide"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210719175555/https://www.nytimes.com/1988/01/25/nyregion/metro-datelines-man-s-death-at-opera-is-called-a-suicide.html">Archived</a> July 19, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, The New York Times, January 25, 1988; retrieved December 1, 2006. </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt20111011-144">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nyt20111011_144-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt20111011_144-1">b</a> Watkin, Daniel J. and Kevin Flynn. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/11/arts/music/metropolitan-operas-donations-hit-a-record-182-million.html?pagewanted=all">"Met donations hit a record $182 million"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161118160315/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/11/arts/music/metropolitan-operas-donations-hit-a-record-182-million.html?pagewanted=all">Archived</a> November 18, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, The New York Times. </li> <li id="cite_note-twsDixon2-145"><a href="#cite_ref-twsDixon2_145-0">^</a> Harry Bruinius, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Society/2014/0819/The-Met-averts-shutdown-Does-opera-have-to-be-grand-to-survive-video">"The Met averts shutdown: Does opera have to be grand to survive?" (+video)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141102152022/http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Society/2014/0819/The-Met-averts-shutdown-Does-opera-have-to-be-grand-to-survive-video">Archived</a> November 2, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Christian Science Monitor, August 19, 2014. Retrieved November 28, 2014: "...the Met is no longer for the average person..." citing film scholar <a href="/wiki/Wheeler_Winston_Dixon" title="Wheeler Winston Dixon">Wheeler Winston Dixon</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFunkhouserNicholsRussell1999" class="citation journal cs1">Funkhouser, Neil; Nichols, Gayletha; Russell, Peter (1999). "Variety, But Within Your Own Fach". Voices: Opera America's Bulletin for Singers. 3–6. <a href="/wiki/Opera_America" title="Opera America">Opera America</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Voices%3A+Opera+America%27s+Bulletin+for+Singers&rft.atitle=Variety%2C+But+Within+Your+Own+Fach&rft.volume=3%E2%80%936&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Funkhouser&rft.aufirst=Neil&rft.au=Nichols%2C+Gayletha&rft.au=Russell%2C+Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetropolitan+Opera" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Metropolitan_Opera&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Edward_Krehbiel" title="Henry Edward Krehbiel">Krehbiel, Henry Edward</a> (1911). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gutenberg.org/etext/5995">Chapters of Opera</a>. <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chapters+of+Opera&rft.pub=Project+Gutenberg&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Krehbiel&rft.aufirst=Henry+Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgutenberg.org%2Fetext%2F5995&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetropolitan+Opera" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Meyer, Martin (1983). The Met: One Hundred Years of Grand Opera. New York City: <a href="/wiki/Simon_%26_Schuster" title="Simon & Schuster">Simon & Schuster</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-671-47087-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-671-47087-6"><bdi>0-671-47087-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Met%3A+One+Hundred+Years+of+Grand+Opera&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=0-671-47087-6&rft.aulast=Meyer&rft.aufirst=Martin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetropolitan+Opera" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Robinson, Francis (1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/celebrationmetro00robi">Celebration: The Metropolitan Opera</a>. New York City: <a href="/wiki/Doubleday_(publisher)" title="Doubleday (publisher)">Doubleday</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-385-12975-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-385-12975-0"><bdi>0-385-12975-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Celebration%3A+The+Metropolitan+Opera&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=0-385-12975-0&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=Francis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcelebrationmetro00robi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetropolitan+Opera" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">Wasserman, Adam (December 2006). "Sirius Business". <a href="/wiki/Opera_News" title="Opera News">Opera News</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Opera+News&rft.atitle=Sirius+Business&rft.date=2006-12&rft.aulast=Wasserman&rft.aufirst=Adam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMetropolitan+Opera" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Metropolitan_Opera&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 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href="http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/metropolitan-opera-association-inc-history/">History of Metropolitan Opera Association</a> – funding universe</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thekahnsoffifthavenue.com/the-kahns-blog/the-metropolitan-opera-company-the-kahn-effect">"The Metropolitan Opera Company: the Kahn effect"</a> by Ian Cameron Williams (2022), The Kahns on Fifth Avenue</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historicopera.com/xusa/metopera.htm">Vintage postcards of the Met</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030401101609/http://www.metopera.org/history/">Metropolitan Opera History</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.siriusxm.com/channels/metropolitan-opera-radio">Met Opera Radio</a> on <a href="/wiki/Sirius_XM" title="Sirius XM">Sirius XM</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://artsandculture.google.com/partner/the-metropolitan-opera">The Metropolitan Opera</a> at <a href="/wiki/Google_Arts_%26_Culture" title="Google Arts & Culture">Google Arts & Culture</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111005091359/http://www.scientificamericanpast.com/Scientific%20American%201900%20to%201909/4/lg/sci261904.htm">"The New Stage of the Metropolitan Opera House, Rebuilt for the Production of Parsifal"</a> <a href="/wiki/Scientific_American" title="Scientific American">Scientific American</a> (1904).</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:New_York,_NY_orchestras" title="Template:New York, NY orchestras"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:New_York,_NY_orchestras" title="Template talk:New York, NY orchestras"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:New_York,_NY_orchestras" title="Special:EditPage/Template:New York, NY orchestras"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Orchestras_based_in_New_York_City" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Orchestras based in New York City</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Professional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Classical_Orchestra" title="American Classical Orchestra">American Classical Orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Composers_Orchestra" title="American Composers Orchestra">American Composers Orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Symphony_Orchestra" title="American Symphony Orchestra">American Symphony Orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_Orchestra_of_New_York" title="Chamber Orchestra of New York">Chamber Orchestra of New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Knights_(orchestra)" title="The Knights (orchestra)">The Knights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Little_Orchestra_Society" title="The Little Orchestra Society">Little Orchestra Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Philharmonic" title="New York Philharmonic">New York Philharmonic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Ballet#The_New_York_City_Ballet_Orchestra" title="New York City Ballet">New York City Ballet Orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_York_City_Chamber_Orchestra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New York City Chamber Orchestra (page does not exist)">New York City Chamber Orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Opera" title="New York City Opera">New York City Opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Pops" title="The New York Pops">New York Pops</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Metropolitan Opera Orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opera_Orchestra_of_New_York" title="Opera Orchestra of New York">Opera Orchestra of New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orchestra_of_St._Luke%27s" title="Orchestra of St. Luke's">Orchestra of St. Luke's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orpheus_Chamber_Orchestra" title="Orpheus Chamber Orchestra">Orpheus Chamber Orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverside_Symphony" title="Riverside Symphony">Riverside Symphony</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Semi-Pro</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bronx_Symphony&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bronx Symphony (page does not exist)">Bronx Symphony</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Camerata_New_York&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Camerata New York (page does not exist)">Camerata New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Chelsea_Symphony" title="The Chelsea Symphony">The Chelsea Symphony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Chamber_Orchestra" title="Manhattan Chamber Orchestra">Manhattan Chamber Orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manhattan_Symphonie_Orchestra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manhattan Symphonie Orchestra (page does not exist)">Manhattan Symphonie</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Chamber_Orchestra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metro Chamber Orchestra (page does not exist)">Metro Chamber Orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_York_Chamber_Players&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New York Chamber Players (page does not exist)">New York Chamber Players</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Chamber_Virtuosi" title="New York Chamber Virtuosi">New York Chamber Virtuosi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Avenue_Chamber_Symphony" title="Park Avenue Chamber Symphony">Park Avenue Chamber Symphony</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Queens_Symphony_Orchestra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Queens Symphony Orchestra (page does not exist)">Queens Symphony Orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Regina_Opera_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Regina Opera Company (page does not exist)">Regina Opera Company</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richmond_County_Orchestra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richmond County Orchestra (page does not exist)">Richmond County Orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Riverside_Opera_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Riverside Opera Company (page does not exist)">Riverside Opera Company</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salome_Chamber_Orchestra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salome Chamber Orchestra (page does not exist)">Salome Chamber Orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sonos_Chamber_Orchestra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sonos Chamber Orchestra (page does not exist)">Sonos Chamber Orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Staten_Island_Philharmonic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Staten Island Philharmonic (page does not exist)">Staten Island Philharmonic</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Side_Chamber_Orchestra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="West Side Chamber Orchestra (page does not exist)">West Side Chamber Orchestra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Community/Volunteer</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Einstein_Symphony_Orchestra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Albert Einstein Symphony Orchestra (page does not exist)">Albert Einstein Symphony Orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amore_Opera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amore Opera (page does not exist)">Amore Opera</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Broadway_Bach_Ensemble&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Broadway Bach Ensemble (page does not exist)">Broadway Bach Ensemble</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brooklyn_Conservatory_Community_Orchestra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brooklyn Conservatory Community Orchestra (page does not exist)">Brooklyn Conservatory Community Orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brooklyn_Repertory_Opera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brooklyn Repertory Opera (page does not exist)">Brooklyn Repertory Opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Brooklyn Symphony Orchestra">Brooklyn Symphony Orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Camerata_Notturna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Camerata Notturna (page does not exist)">Camerata Notturna</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Centre_Symphony_Orchestra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Centre Symphony Orchestra (page does not exist)">Centre Symphony Orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Classical_Fusion_Chamber_Ensemble&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Classical Fusion Chamber Ensemble (page does not exist)">Classical Fusion Chamber Ensemble</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Forest_Hills_Symphony_Orchestra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Forest Hills Symphony Orchestra (page does not exist)">Forest Hills Symphony Orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Village_Orchestra" title="Greenwich Village Orchestra">Greenwich Village Orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jackson_Heights_Orchestra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jackson Heights Orchestra (page does not exist)">Jackson Heights Orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Musica_Bella_Orchestra_of_New_York&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Musica Bella Orchestra of New York (page does not exist)">Musica Bella Orchestra of New York</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Amsterdam_Symphony_Orchestra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New Amsterdam Symphony Orchestra (page does not exist)">New Amsterdam Symphony Orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_York_Late-Starters_String_Orchestra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New York Late-Starters String Orchestra (page does not exist)">New York Late-Starters String Orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_York_Repertory_Orchestra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New York Repertory Orchestra (page does not exist)">New York Repertory Orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_York_Session_Symphony&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New York Session Symphony (page does not exist)">New York Session Symphony</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_York_Symphonic_Arts_Ensemble&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New York Symphonic Arts Ensemble (page does not exist)">New York Symphonic Arts Ensemble</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NYU_Community_Orchestra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NYU Community Orchestra (page does not exist)">NYU Community Orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Queer_Urban_Orchestra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Queer Urban Orchestra (page does not exist)">Queer Urban Orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Riverside_Orchestra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Riverside Orchestra (page does not exist)">The Riverside Orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rockaway-Five_Towns_Symphony_Orchestra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rockaway-Five Towns Symphony Orchestra (page does not exist)">Rockaway-Five Towns Symphony Orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seniors_Orchestral_Society_of_New_York&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seniors Orchestral Society of New York (page does not exist)">Seniors Orchestral Society of New York</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=String_Orchestra_of_Brooklyn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="String Orchestra of Brooklyn (page does not exist)">String Orchestra of Brooklyn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Youth</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_Orchestra_Society" title="Children's Orchestra Society">Children's Orchestra Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/InterSchool_Orchestras_of_New_York" title="InterSchool Orchestras of New York">InterSchool Orchestras of New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Youth_Orchestra_of_the_United_States_of_America" title="National Youth Orchestra of the United States of America">National Youth Orchestra of the United States of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Youth_Symphony" title="New York Youth Symphony">New York Youth Symphony</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Praxis_Youth_Orchestra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Praxis Youth Orchestra (page does not exist)">Praxis Youth Orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Youth_Orchestra_(Queens,_NY)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Youth Orchestra (Queens, NY) (page does not exist)">The Youth Orchestra (Queens, NY)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Disbanded</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astoria_Symphony" title="Astoria Symphony">Astoria Symphony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Philharmonic" title="Brooklyn Philharmonic">Brooklyn Philharmonic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NBC_Symphony_Orchestra" title="NBC Symphony Orchestra">NBC Symphony Orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Symphony_Orchestra" title="New York Symphony Orchestra">New York Symphony Orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orchestrette_Classique" title="Orchestrette Classique">Orchestrette Classique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Symphony_Orchestra_Society" title="Russian Symphony Orchestra Society">Russian Symphony Orchestra Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wetzler_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Wetzler Symphony Orchestra">Wetzler Symphony Orchestra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portal</a>:<ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:Operalogo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Operalogo.svg/21px-Operalogo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Operalogo.svg/32px-Operalogo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Operalogo.svg/42px-Operalogo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Opera" title="Portal:Opera">Opera</a></li></ul></div> <div 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id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10583424#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10583424#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121087473">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/126398520">VIAF</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/2077687-1">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50074748">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14284340r">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14284340r">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00932302">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0068242&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007526217805171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA0674574X?l=en">CiNii</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/50a2fa75-e647-42cf-b97a-211acbaf8c25">MusicBrainz</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://adp.library.ucsb.edu/names/102146">Discography of American Historical Recordings</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/030208084">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6zd1tng">SNAC</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Metropolitan_Opera&params=40_46_22_N_73_59_3_W_dim:3km_type:landmark">40°46′22″N 73°59′3″W / 40.77278°N 73.98417°W / 40.77278; -73.98417</a>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Metropolitan_Opera&oldid=1259207381">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Metropolitan_Opera&oldid=1259207381</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" 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