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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Đăng nhập</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Trang dành cho người dùng chưa đăng nhập <a href="/wiki/Tr%E1%BB%A3_gi%C3%BAp:Gi%E1%BB%9Bi_thi%E1%BB%87u" aria-label="Tìm hiểu thêm về sửa đổi"><span>tìm hiểu thêm</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:%C4%90%C3%B3ng_g%C3%B3p_c%E1%BB%A7a_t%C3%B4i" title="Danh sách các sửa đổi được thực hiện qua địa chỉ IP này [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Đóng góp</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:Th%E1%BA%A3o_lu%E1%BA%ADn_t%C3%B4i" title="Thảo luận với địa chỉ IP này [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Thảo luận cho địa chỉ IP này</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Trang Web"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Nội dung" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Nội dung</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">chuyển sang thanh bên</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ẩn</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Đầu</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Tham_khảo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tham_khảo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Tham khảo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tham_khảo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Nội dung" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Đóng mở mục lục" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Đóng mở mục lục</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Damnatio memoriae</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Xem bài viết trong ngôn ngữ khác. Bài có sẵn trong 48 ngôn ngữ" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-48" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">48 ngôn ngữ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%88_%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%8A" title="دامناتيو ميمورياي – Tiếng Ả Rập" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دامناتيو ميمورياي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ả Rập" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xatir%C9%99nin_l%C9%99n%C9%99tl%C9%99nm%C9%99si" title="Xatirənin lənətlənməsi – Tiếng Azerbaijan" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Xatirənin lənətlənməsi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Azerbaijan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damnatio_memoriae" title="Damnatio memoriae – Tiếng Indonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Damnatio memoriae" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Indonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damnatio_memoriae" title="Damnatio memoriae – Tiếng Belarus" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Damnatio memoriae" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Belarus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damnatio_memoriae" title="Damnatio memoriae – Tiếng Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Damnatio memoriae" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damnatio_memoriae" title="Damnatio memoriae – Tiếng Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Damnatio memoriae" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damnatio_memoriae" title="Damnatio memoriae – Tiếng Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Damnatio memoriae" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damnatio_memoriae" title="Damnatio memoriae – Tiếng Séc" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Damnatio memoriae" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Séc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damnatio_memoriae" title="Damnatio memoriae – Tiếng Đan Mạch" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Damnatio memoriae" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Đan Mạch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B6%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%88_%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%8A" title="ضامناتيو ميمورياي – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="ضامناتيو ميمورياي" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damnatio_memoriae" title="Damnatio memoriae – Tiếng Đức" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Damnatio memoriae" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Đức" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damnatio_memoriae" title="Damnatio memoriae – Tiếng Hy Lạp" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Damnatio memoriae" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Hy Lạp" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damnatio_memoriae" title="Damnatio memoriae – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Damnatio memoriae" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damnatio_memoriae" title="Damnatio memoriae – Tiếng Anh" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Damnatio memoriae" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Anh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damnatio_memoriae" title="Damnatio memoriae – Tiếng Tây Ban Nha" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Damnatio memoriae" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Tây Ban Nha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damnatio_memoriae" title="Damnatio memoriae – Tiếng Quốc Tế Ngữ" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Damnatio memoriae" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Quốc Tế Ngữ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damnatio_memoriae" title="Damnatio memoriae – Tiếng Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Damnatio memoriae" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%88_%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AF" title="نفرین محو یادبود – Tiếng Ba Tư" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نفرین محو یادبود" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ba Tư" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damnatio_memoriae" title="Damnatio memoriae – Tiếng Pháp" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Damnatio memoriae" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Pháp" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damnatio_memoriae" title="Damnatio memoriae – Tiếng Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Damnatio memoriae" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EB%A1%9D%EB%A7%90%EC%82%B4%ED%98%95" title="기록말살형 – Tiếng Hàn" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="기록말살형" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Hàn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damnatio_memoriae" title="Damnatio memoriae – Tiếng Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Damnatio memoriae" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damnatio_memoriae" title="Damnatio memoriae – Tiếng Croatia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Damnatio memoriae" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Croatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damnatio_memoriae" title="Damnatio memoriae – Tiếng Italy" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Damnatio memoriae" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Italy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damnatio_memoriae" title="Damnatio memoriae – Tiếng Do Thái" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="Damnatio memoriae" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Do Thái" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damnatio_memoriae" title="Damnatio memoriae – Tiếng La-tinh" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Damnatio memoriae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Tiếng La-tinh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damnatio_memoriae" title="Damnatio memoriae – Tiếng Latvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Damnatio memoriae" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Latvia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damnatio_memori%C3%A6" title="Damnatio memoriæ – Tiếng Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Damnatio memoriæ" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damnatio_memoriae" title="Damnatio memoriae – Tiếng Hungary" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Damnatio memoriae" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Hungary" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damnatio_memoriae" title="Damnatio memoriae – Tiếng Hà Lan" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Damnatio memoriae" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Hà Lan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%80%E3%83%A0%E3%83%8A%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%82%AA%E3%83%BB%E3%83%A1%E3%83%A2%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E3%82%A8" title="ダムナティオ・メモリアエ – Tiếng Nhật" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ダムナティオ・メモリアエ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Nhật" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damnatio_memori%C3%A6" title="Damnatio memoriæ – Tiếng Na Uy (Bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Damnatio memoriæ" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Na Uy (Bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damnatio_memori%C3%A6" title="Damnatio memoriæ – Tiếng Na Uy (Nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Damnatio memoriæ" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Na Uy (Nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damnatio_memoriae" title="Damnatio memoriae – Tiếng Ba Lan" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Damnatio memoriae" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ba Lan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damnatio_memoriae" title="Damnatio memoriae – Tiếng Bồ Đào Nha" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Damnatio memoriae" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Bồ Đào Nha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damnatio_memoriae" title="Damnatio memoriae – Tiếng Romania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Damnatio memoriae" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Romania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damnatio_memoriae" title="Damnatio memoriae – Tiếng Nga" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Damnatio memoriae" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Nga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damnatio_memoriae" title="Damnatio memoriae – Tiếng Sardinia" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Damnatio memoriae" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Sardinia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damnatio_memoriae" title="Damnatio memoriae – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Damnatio memoriae" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damnatio_memoriae" title="Damnatio memoriae – Tiếng Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Damnatio memoriae" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damnatio_memoriae" title="Damnatio memoriae – Tiếng Slovenia" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Damnatio memoriae" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Slovenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damnatio_memoriae" title="Damnatio memoriae – Tiếng Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Damnatio memoriae" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damnatio_memoriae" title="Damnatio memoriae – Tiếng Serbo-Croatia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Damnatio memoriae" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Serbo-Croatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damnatio_memoriae" title="Damnatio memoriae – Tiếng Phần Lan" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Damnatio memoriae" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Phần Lan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damnatio_memoriae" title="Damnatio memoriae – Tiếng Thụy Điển" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Damnatio memoriae" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Thụy Điển" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damnatio_memoriae" title="Damnatio memoriae – Tiếng Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Damnatio memoriae" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damnatio_memoriae" title="Damnatio memoriae – Tiếng Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Damnatio memoriae" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A8%98%E9%8C%84%E6%8A%B9%E7%85%9E" title="記錄抹煞 – Tiếng Trung" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="記錄抹煞" data-language-autonym="中文" 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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="vi" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/T%E1%BA%ADp_tin:Portrait_of_family_of_Septimius_Severus_-_Altes_Museum_-_Berlin_-_Germany_2017.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Portrait_of_family_of_Septimius_Severus_-_Altes_Museum_-_Berlin_-_Germany_2017.jpg/220px-Portrait_of_family_of_Septimius_Severus_-_Altes_Museum_-_Berlin_-_Germany_2017.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Portrait_of_family_of_Septimius_Severus_-_Altes_Museum_-_Berlin_-_Germany_2017.jpg/330px-Portrait_of_family_of_Septimius_Severus_-_Altes_Museum_-_Berlin_-_Germany_2017.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Portrait_of_family_of_Septimius_Severus_-_Altes_Museum_-_Berlin_-_Germany_2017.jpg/440px-Portrait_of_family_of_Septimius_Severus_-_Altes_Museum_-_Berlin_-_Germany_2017.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="3455" /></a><figcaption>Họa phẩm hình tròn về gia đình Severus, khoảng 199 SCN, miêu tả về <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tri%E1%BB%81u_%C4%91%E1%BA%A1i_Severus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Triều đại Severus (trang không tồn tại)">triều đại Severus</a>, với chân dung của <a href="/wiki/Septimius_Severus" title="Septimius Severus">Septimius Severus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Julia_Domna" title="Julia Domna">Julia Domna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caracalla" title="Caracalla">Caracalla</a>, và <a href="/wiki/Publius_Septimius_Geta" title="Publius Septimius Geta">Geta</a>. Khuông mặt của Geta bị xóa đi, vì bản án <i>damnatio memoriae</i> mà anh trai ông, Caracalla, thi hành sau khi ông bị ám sát.</figcaption></figure> <p><i><b>Damnatio memoriae</b></i> (<a href="/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Latinh" title="Tiếng Latinh">tiếng La Tinh</a>: hình phạt xoá ký ức) là một hình thức kết án có tính hạ nhục của <a href="/wiki/La_M%C3%A3_c%E1%BB%95_%C4%91%E1%BA%A1i" title="La Mã cổ đại">La Mã cổ đại</a>. Trong bản án mọi hình ảnh và tư liêu về đối tượng bị hình phạt này sẽ bị phá hủy để cho đối tượng đó sẽ không còn được lịch sử ghi nhớ nữa. Bản án này thường do <a href="/wiki/Vi%E1%BB%87n_nguy%C3%AAn_l%C3%A3o_La_M%C3%A3" title="Viện nguyên lão La Mã">Viện nguyên lão La Mã</a> ban hành, nhưng ở thời Đế quốc thì thường do các Hoàng đế quyết định. Đối tượng bị trừng phạt thường là các kẻ phản bội La Mã hoặc là những kẻ gây tội nặng đối với La Mã hay hoàng đế trị vì. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tham_khảo"><span id="Tham_kh.E1.BA.A3o"></span>Tham khảo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Damnatio_memoriae&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sửa đổi phần “Tham khảo”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sửa</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Damnatio_memoriae&action=edit&section=1" title="Sửa mã nguồn tại đề mục: Tham khảo"><span>sửa mã nguồn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.livius.org/da-dd/damnatio/damnatio_memoriae.html">Livius.org: Damnatio memoriae</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130924223548/http://www.livius.org/da-dd/damnatio/damnatio_memoriae.html">Lưu trữ</a> 2013-09-24 tại <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080611034558/http://www.newseum.org/berlinwall/commissar_vanishes/vanishes.htm">"The Commissar Vanishes"</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yezhov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yezhov (trang không tồn tại)">Yezhov</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Airbrush&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Airbrush (trang không tồn tại)">airbrushed</a> out of a picture with <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/6909589.stm">Pope Alexander VI and his mistress.</a></li></ul> <div class="boilerplate metadata plainlinks" id="stub"><table class="metadata plainlinks stub" style="background: transparent;" role="presentation"><tbody><tr> <td><i>Bài viết này vẫn còn <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:B%C3%A0i_s%C6%A1_khai" title="Wikipedia:Bài sơ khai">sơ khai</a>. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia <a class="external text" href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Damnatio_memoriae&veaction=edit">mở rộng nội dung</a> để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.</i><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini" style="position: absolute; right: 15px; display: none;"><ul><li class="nv-xem"><a href="/wiki/B%E1%BA%A3n_m%E1%BA%ABu:S%C6%A1_khai" title="Bản mẫu:Sơ khai"><abbr title="Xem bản mẫu này">x</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-thảo luận"><a href="/wiki/Th%E1%BA%A3o_lu%E1%BA%ADn_B%E1%BA%A3n_m%E1%BA%ABu:S%C6%A1_khai" title="Thảo luận Bản mẫu:Sơ khai"><abbr title="Thảo luận bản mẫu này">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sửa"><a class="external text" href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=B%E1%BA%A3n_m%E1%BA%ABu:S%C6%A1_khai&action=edit"><abbr title="Sửa bản mẫu này">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Lấy từ “<a dir="ltr" href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Damnatio_memoriae&oldid=70790196">https://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Damnatio_memoriae&oldid=70790196</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:Th%E1%BB%83_lo%E1%BA%A1i" title="Đặc biệt:Thể loại">Thể loại</a>: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Th%E1%BB%83_lo%E1%BA%A1i:Damnatio_memoriae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thể loại:Damnatio memoriae (trang không tồn tại)">Damnatio memoriae</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Thể loại ẩn: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Th%E1%BB%83_lo%E1%BA%A1i:B%E1%BA%A3n_m%E1%BA%ABu_webarchive_d%C3%B9ng_li%C3%AAn_k%E1%BA%BFt_wayback" title="Thể loại:Bản mẫu webarchive dùng liên kết wayback">Bản mẫu webarchive dùng liên kết wayback</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Th%E1%BB%83_lo%E1%BA%A1i:T%E1%BA%A5t_c%E1%BA%A3_b%C3%A0i_vi%E1%BA%BFt_s%C6%A1_khai" title="Thể loại:Tất cả bài viết sơ khai">Tất cả bài viết sơ khai</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Th%E1%BB%83_lo%E1%BA%A1i:S%C6%A1_khai" title="Thể loại:Sơ khai">Sơ khai</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Trang này được sửa đổi lần cuối vào ngày 15 tháng 10 năm 2023, 06:57.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Văn bản được phát hành theo <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Nguy%C3%AAn_v%C4%83n_Gi%E1%BA%A5y_ph%C3%A9p_Creative_Commons_Ghi_c%C3%B4ng%E2%80%93Chia_s%E1%BA%BB_t%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_t%E1%BB%B1_phi%C3%AAn_b%E1%BA%A3n_4.0_Qu%E1%BB%91c_t%E1%BA%BF" title="Wikipedia:Nguyên văn Giấy phép Creative Commons Ghi công–Chia sẻ tương tự phiên bản 4.0 Quốc tế">Giấy phép Creative Commons Ghi công–Chia sẻ tương tự</a>; có thể áp dụng điều khoản bổ sung. 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