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data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p>The <b>traditional games of New York City</b> are one of the notable aspects of <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_New_York_City" title="Culture of New York City">New York City's culture</a>; many of them were brought over by the diverse mix of immigrants that settled in New York City, particularly from Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of these games used <a href="/wiki/Street_furniture" title="Street furniture">street furniture</a> and other features of New York City's high <a href="/wiki/Urban_density" title="Urban density">urban density</a> and were therefore also played in other cities of the United States. Most of these games have declined or disappeared in the modern era.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Traditional games historically played a significant role in street life in New York City. During the 1900s, efforts were made to push children away from the dangers of street traffic and towards playing on newly built <a href="/wiki/Playground" title="Playground">playgrounds</a>, with the objective of avoiding certain unwanted behaviors (such as spreading glass so that cars couldn't drive on the streets). Another hope was to improve immigrant assimilation, which was considered important during a large wave of <a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Immigration to the United States">immigration to the United States</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were also concerns of children being liable to become criminals or mingle too much with adults.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Play streets" were also implemented, closing off certain streets to allow children to safely play in them.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Traditional_games">Traditional games</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Traditional_games_of_New_York_City&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Traditional games"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Double_Dutch">Double Dutch</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Traditional_games_of_New_York_City&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Double Dutch"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="excerpt-block"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/Double_Dutch_(jump_rope)" title="Double Dutch (jump rope)">Double Dutch (jump rope)</a>.<span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Double_Dutch_(jump_rope)&action=edit">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><div class="excerpt"> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DoubleDutchBA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DoubleDutchBA.jpg/250px-DoubleDutchBA.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DoubleDutchBA.jpg/375px-DoubleDutchBA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DoubleDutchBA.jpg/500px-DoubleDutchBA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1785" data-file-height="1354" /></a><figcaption>Children playing double Dutch in <a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Double_Dutch_(jump_rope)" title="Double Dutch (jump rope)">Double Dutch</a> is a game in which two long <a href="/wiki/Jump_ropes" class="mw-redirect" title="Jump ropes">jump ropes</a> turning in opposite directions are jumped by one or more players jumping simultaneously. There is a lack of consensus regarding the early history of double Dutch. But it is said to have been traced back from Egypt, China, and even Europe. Where various forms of skipping rope was quite common. and it became popular amongst children here. </p><p>The sport's immediate origins are a matter of debate, with some believing it was brought by Dutch settlers and it became popular amongst children here. And others claiming it emerged later in the early 1900s. Nonetheless, it is widely acknowledged that the sport reached its modern form in predominantly black urban areas of New York, such as Harlem in the 1950s.<sup id="cite_ref-Double_Dutch_(jump_rope)_wsj_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Double_Dutch_(jump_rope)_wsj-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On street corners, groups of girls congregated to display new tricks and repurposed clotheslines as ropes. While it had long been a popular street activity for African American girls in New York City,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the modern sport of Double Dutch originated in the early 1970s with <a href="/wiki/NYPD" class="mw-redirect" title="NYPD">NYPD</a> officers Ulysses Williams and David Walker, who formalized the rules for competition. The first official competition was held in 1974. Competitions in Double Dutch range from block parties to the world level. During the spring of 2009, Double Dutch became a varsity sport in New York City public high schools.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> In the early 1980s, Double Dutch was strongly associated with New York <a href="/wiki/Hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Hip hop">hip hop</a> culture.<sup id="cite_ref-Double_Dutch_(jump_rope)_vice_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Double_Dutch_(jump_rope)_vice-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has also been recognized as an element of the genre by notable MCs such as <a href="/wiki/KRS-One" title="KRS-One">KRS-One</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Skully">Skully</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Traditional_games_of_New_York_City&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Skully"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="excerpt-block"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/Skully_(game)" title="Skully (game)">Skully (game)</a>.<span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Skully_(game)&action=edit">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><div class="excerpt"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:East_Side_Children_LCCN2014693967.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/East_Side_Children_LCCN2014693967.jpg/220px-East_Side_Children_LCCN2014693967.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/East_Side_Children_LCCN2014693967.jpg/330px-East_Side_Children_LCCN2014693967.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/East_Side_Children_LCCN2014693967.jpg/440px-East_Side_Children_LCCN2014693967.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5766" data-file-height="4191" /></a><figcaption>Children playing a skully-type game on Manhattan's <a href="/wiki/East_Side_(Manhattan)" title="East Side (Manhattan)">East Side</a>, early 1910s.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Skully_(game)" title="Skully (game)">Skully</a> (also called skelly, skellies, skelsy, skellzies, scully, skelzy, scummy top, tops, loadies or caps) is a <a href="/wiki/Children%27s_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Children's game">children's game</a> played on the streets of <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> and other urban areas.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sketched on the street usually in chalk, a skully board allows a game for two to six players. A sidewalk is sometimes used, offering greater protection from vehicular traffic; however, the asphalt on a typical city street is smoother and provides better game play than a bumpy concrete sidewalk.</div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Variations_of_baseball">Variations of baseball</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Traditional_games_of_New_York_City&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Variations of baseball"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Variations_of_baseball" title="Variations of baseball">Variations of baseball</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Baseball" title="Baseball">Baseball</a> has historically been one of the most popular sports in New York City, and so several street variations of it appeared over time.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Playing street variations of baseball was a way for immigrants to <a href="/wiki/Americanization_(immigration)" title="Americanization (immigration)">assimilate and join American life</a> without having to spend the money required to participate in regular baseball.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stickball">Stickball</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Traditional_games_of_New_York_City&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Stickball"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="excerpt-block"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/Stickball" title="Stickball">Stickball</a>.<span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stickball&action=edit">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><div class="excerpt"> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Queens_stickball.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Queens_stickball.jpg/280px-Queens_stickball.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Queens_stickball.jpg/420px-Queens_stickball.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Queens_stickball.jpg/560px-Queens_stickball.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Stickball in New York</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Stickball" title="Stickball">Stickball</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Street_game" title="Street game">street game</a> similar to <a href="/wiki/Baseball" title="Baseball">baseball</a>, usually formed as a <a href="/wiki/Pick-up_game" title="Pick-up game">pick-up game</a> played in large cities in the <a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States" title="Northeastern United States">Northeastern United States</a>, especially <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> and <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Stickball_NYTimes1985_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stickball_NYTimes1985-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Stickball_BostonGlobe2013_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stickball_BostonGlobe2013-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Stickball_ESPN2017_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stickball_ESPN2017-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The equipment consists of a <a href="/wiki/Broom" title="Broom">broom</a> handle and a rubber ball, typically a <a href="/wiki/Spaldeen" title="Spaldeen">spaldeen</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Stickball_NYTimes2005Spaldeen_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stickball_NYTimes2005Spaldeen-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> pensy pinky, high bouncer or <a href="/wiki/Tennis_ball" title="Tennis ball">tennis ball</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Stickball_NYTimes1985_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stickball_NYTimes1985-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Stickball_BostonGlobe2013_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stickball_BostonGlobe2013-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The rules come from baseball and are modified to fit the situation. For example, a <a href="/wiki/Manhole_cover" title="Manhole cover">manhole cover</a> may be used as a base, or buildings for foul lines.<sup id="cite_ref-Stickball_NYTimes1985_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stickball_NYTimes1985-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Stickball_BostonGlobe2013_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stickball_BostonGlobe2013-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The game is a variation of <a href="/wiki/Bat-and-ball_games" title="Bat-and-ball games">stick and ball games</a> dating back to at least the 1750s. This game was widely popular among youths during the 20th century until the 1980s.</div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Punchball">Punchball</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Traditional_games_of_New_York_City&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Punchball"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Baseball5" title="Baseball5">Baseball5</a></div><div class="excerpt-block"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/Punchball" title="Punchball">Punchball</a>.<span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Punchball&action=edit">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><div class="excerpt"> <p><a href="/wiki/Punchball" title="Punchball">Punchball</a> is a sport spawned by and <a href="/wiki/Variations_of_baseball" title="Variations of baseball">similar</a> to <a href="/wiki/Baseball" title="Baseball">baseball</a>, but without a <a href="/wiki/Pitcher" title="Pitcher">pitcher</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catcher" title="Catcher">catcher</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Baseball_bat" title="Baseball bat">bat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The "<a href="/wiki/Batting_(baseball)" title="Batting (baseball)">batter</a>" essentially plays "<a href="/wiki/Fungo" class="mw-redirect" title="Fungo">fungo</a>" without a bat, bouncing or tossing up the ball and then using a <a href="/wiki/Volleyball" title="Volleyball">volleyball</a> type approach to put the ball (usually a <a href="/wiki/Spaldeen" title="Spaldeen">spaldeen</a><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <a href="/wiki/Pensie_pinkie" class="mw-redirect" title="Pensie pinkie">pensie pinkie</a>) in play, punching the ball with his fist.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Base_stealing" class="mw-redirect" title="Base stealing">Base stealing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bunt_(baseball)" title="Bunt (baseball)">bunting</a> are not allowed. </p><p>Popular in New York (particularly in the early 20th century),<sup id="cite_ref-Punchball_:0_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Punchball_:0-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> especially among poor Jewish children who could not afford bats or baseballs, historian and baseball enthusiast <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Jay_Gould" title="Stephen Jay Gould">Stephen Jay Gould</a> referred to it as "the canonical recess game",<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Boys_of_Summer_(book)" title="The Boys of Summer (book)">The Boys of Summer</a></i> baseball writer <a href="/wiki/Roger_Kahn" title="Roger Kahn">Roger Kahn</a> described how when he grew up it was a boys' game, as the girls played "slapball".<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Punchball's popularity derived partially from the fact that it carried less risk of losing the ball or breaking windows than a standard game of baseball, and that it could be played with fewer people.<sup id="cite_ref-Punchball_:0_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Punchball_:0-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> Baseball Hall of Famers <a href="/wiki/Nick_Hoffman" title="Nick Hoffman">Nick Hoffman</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Sandy_Koufax" title="Sandy Koufax">Sandy Koufax</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Yogi_Berra" title="Yogi Berra">Yogi Berra</a><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> played it growing up, as did sports team owner <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Reinsdorf" title="Jerry Reinsdorf">Jerry Reinsdorf</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Senator <a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Bernie Sanders</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and former US Secretary of State and general <a href="/wiki/Colin_Powell" title="Colin Powell">Colin Powell</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Major league outfielder <a href="/wiki/Rocky_Colavito" title="Rocky Colavito">Rocky Colavito</a>, when asked if he played punchball, answered "Play it? Man, that was my game. I liked to play that more than anything else ... anything. We used to play for money, too."<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was also a pastime of <a href="/wiki/American_football" title="American football">football</a> announcer <a href="/wiki/Al_Michaels" title="Al Michaels">Al Michaels</a>, who often played with former Chicago Bears quarterback <a href="/wiki/Sid_Luckman" title="Sid Luckman">Sid Luckman</a>.</div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stoop_ball">Stoop ball</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Traditional_games_of_New_York_City&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Stoop ball"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="excerpt-block"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/Stoop_ball" title="Stoop ball">Stoop ball</a>.<span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stoop_ball&action=edit">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><div class="excerpt"> <a href="/wiki/Stoop_ball" title="Stoop ball">Stoop ball</a> (also spelled "stoopball") is a game that is played by throwing a ball against a <a href="/wiki/Urban_stoop" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban stoop">stoop</a> (stairs leading up to a building) on the pavement in front of a building.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Historically, it has been popular in <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Inner_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Inner cities">inner cities</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>, the game is known as "Up-Against." In <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, the game is known as "<a href="/wiki/Pinners" title="Pinners">Pinners</a>." In Chicago's Bridgeport area the game is called "Three Outs". The game is also known as "Off the Point".<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It first became popular after <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Variations_of_tag">Variations of tag</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Traditional_games_of_New_York_City&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Variations of tag"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Variations_of_tag" class="mw-redirect" title="Variations of tag">Variations of tag</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ringolevio">Ringolevio</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Traditional_games_of_New_York_City&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Ringolevio"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="excerpt-block"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/Ringolevio" title="Ringolevio">Ringolevio</a>.<span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ringolevio&action=edit">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><div class="excerpt"> <a href="/wiki/Ringolevio" title="Ringolevio">Ringolevio</a> (also spelled ringalevio or ring-a-levio)<sup id="cite_ref-Ringolevio_definition_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ringolevio_definition-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a children's <a href="/wiki/Game" title="Game">game</a> which originated in the streets of <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, where it is known to have been played at least as far back as the late 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is one of the many variations of <a href="/wiki/Tag_(game)" title="Tag (game)">tag</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, the game is known as Relievio, a name which was also used in <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a> in the 1950s. It is also, in some places, known as coco-levio.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Traditional_games_of_New_York_City&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Street_Games" title="New York Street Games">New York Street Games</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Traditional_games_of_New_York_City&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sportshistoryweekly.com/stories/baseball-willie-mays-stickball-new-york-mets,1153">"Stickball, Death of a Street Culture"</a>. <i>Sports History Weekly</i>. 2023-06-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-08-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Heard+on+the+Stoops%3A+A+Nostalgia+for+Playstreets+%28Published+2017%29&rft.date=2017-07-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F07%2F11%2Fnyregion%2Fabout12.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATraditional+games+of+New+York+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Double_Dutch_(jump_rope)_wsj-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Double_Dutch_(jump_rope)_wsj_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJamin_Brophy-Warren2007" class="citation news cs1">Jamin Brophy-Warren (9 November 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB119448972267686072">"Bested by Japan, A Jump-Rope Team Plots a Comeback"</a>. <i>WSJ</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=WSJ&rft.atitle=Bested+by+Japan%2C+A+Jump-Rope+Team+Plots+a+Comeback&rft.date=2007-11-09&rft.au=Jamin+Brophy-Warren&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2FSB119448972267686072&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATraditional+games+of+New+York+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aaregistry.org/story/double-dutch-fun-and-great-exercise/">"Double Dutch Jumprope, a brief history"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Double+Dutch+Jumprope%2C+a+brief+history&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faaregistry.org%2Fstory%2Fdouble-dutch-fun-and-great-exercise%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATraditional+games+of+New+York+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHu,_Winnie2008" class="citation news cs1">Hu, Winnie (31 July 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/31/education/31double.html">"Double Dutch Gets Status in the Schools"</a>. <i>New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Double+Dutch+Gets+Status+in+the+Schools&rft.date=2008-07-31&rft.au=Hu%2C+Winnie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F07%2F31%2Feducation%2F31double.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATraditional+games+of+New+York+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Double_Dutch_(jump_rope)_vice-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Double_Dutch_(jump_rope)_vice_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lauren Schwartzberg, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/nn974m/double-dutchs-forgotten-hip-hop-origins-456">Double Dutch's Forgotten Hip-Hop Origins</a>, vice.com, April 1, 2015</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCabe2022" class="citation web cs1">McCabe, Allyson (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2022/12/04/1140504217/double-dutch-fantastic-four-holiday-classic">"How the Fantastic Four took Double Dutch to new heights"</a>. <i>NPR</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=How+the+Fantastic+Four+took+Double+Dutch+to+new+heights&rft.date=2022&rft.aulast=McCabe&rft.aufirst=Allyson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2022%2F12%2F04%2F1140504217%2Fdouble-dutch-fantastic-four-holiday-classic&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATraditional+games+of+New+York+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPopik2005" class="citation cs2">Popik, Barry (2005-04-05), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.barrypopik.com/index.php/new_york_city/entry/skelly_or_skelsy_skellzies_scully_tops_caps/"><i>Skelly (or skelsy, skellzies, scully, tops, caps)</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-01-05</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Skelly+%28or+skelsy%2C+skellzies%2C+scully%2C+tops%2C+caps%29&rft.date=2005-04-05&rft.aulast=Popik&rft.aufirst=Barry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.barrypopik.com%2Findex.php%2Fnew_york_city%2Fentry%2Fskelly_or_skelsy_skellzies_scully_tops_caps%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATraditional+games+of+New+York+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaker2024" class="citation book cs1">Baker, Kevin (2024-03-05). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OV_DEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA163"><i>The New York Game: Baseball and the Rise of a New City</i></a>. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-375-42183-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-375-42183-9"><bdi>978-0-375-42183-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+York+Game%3A+Baseball+and+the+Rise+of+a+New+City&rft.pub=Knopf+Doubleday+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2024-03-05&rft.isbn=978-0-375-42183-9&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOV_DEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA163&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATraditional+games+of+New+York+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stickball_NYTimes1985-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stickball_NYTimes1985_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stickball_NYTimes1985_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stickball_NYTimes1985_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDandes1985" class="citation news cs1">Dandes, R. B. (May 5, 1985). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1985/05/05/nyregion/for-these-boys-of-summer-the-game-is-stickball.html">"For These Boys of Summer, the Game Is Stickball"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 2,</span> 2024</span>. <q>New York City was the hotbed of stickball interest. Devised in the 1920s, for many years the game was called <i>One-Bounce.</i> A pitcher would bounce a <i>spaldeen</i> - the little pink rubber ball that cost a nickel - to the plate. When it was hit with the sawed-off broomstick handle that served as a bat without being caught, the batter advanced to impromptu bases (sewers, for instance). [...] Stickball's popularity peaked in the 1950s. By the 60s, with the increasing number of cars that clogged city streets and the mass exodus to the suburbs, the game fell into decline.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=For+These+Boys+of+Summer%2C+the+Game+Is+Stickball&rft.date=1985-05-05&rft.aulast=Dandes&rft.aufirst=R.+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1985%2F05%2F05%2Fnyregion%2Ffor-these-boys-of-summer-the-game-is-stickball.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATraditional+games+of+New+York+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stickball_BostonGlobe2013-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stickball_BostonGlobe2013_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stickball_BostonGlobe2013_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stickball_BostonGlobe2013_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDupont2013" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-location-test">Dupont, Kevin Paul (May 26, 2013). Written at <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bostonglobe.com/sports/2013/05/25/stickball-new-york-vanishing-game/V4bLlDjnO2zlxwCOqkGXFP/story.html">"Stickball in New York is a vanishing game"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Boston_Globe" title="The Boston Globe">The Boston Globe</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 2,</span> 2024</span>. <q>What's more quintessential New York than stickball, right? Uh, no, not right. Stickball doesn't live here anymore. At least not in the way it does in the mind's eye, how it did when a young, vibrant Willie Mays swung a broom handle in the street outside his old home in Harlem in the 1950s or when Joe Pepitone did as a stylish Yankee in Brooklyn in the '60s.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Boston+Globe&rft.atitle=Stickball+in+New+York+is+a+vanishing+game&rft.date=2013-05-26&rft.aulast=Dupont&rft.aufirst=Kevin+Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bostonglobe.com%2Fsports%2F2013%2F05%2F25%2Fstickball-new-york-vanishing-game%2FV4bLlDjnO2zlxwCOqkGXFP%2Fstory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATraditional+games+of+New+York+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stickball_ESPN2017-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Stickball_ESPN2017_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGold2017" class="citation news cs1">Gold, Jonathan (September 11, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.espn.com/espn/feature/story/_/id/20670727/welcome-stickball-boulevard">"Welcome to Stickball Boulevard"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/ESPN" title="ESPN">ESPN</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 2,</span> 2024</span>. <q>Stickball was once an integral part of the urban youth experience. Images of ragtag groups of children playing in the street became iconic depictions of New York City and helped shape the world's perception of New Yorkers as the street-smart, rough-and-tumble class of America. Slowly, like so much of Americana, it has faded from the streets, cars and buses rendering the roadways perilous, Xboxes and iPhones commandeering kids' attention.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ESPN&rft.atitle=Welcome+to+Stickball+Boulevard&rft.date=2017-09-11&rft.aulast=Gold&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.espn.com%2Fespn%2Ffeature%2Fstory%2F_%2Fid%2F20670727%2Fwelcome-stickball-boulevard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATraditional+games+of+New+York+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stickball_NYTimes2005Spaldeen-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Stickball_NYTimes2005Spaldeen_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKoerner2005" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Brendan_I._Koerner" title="Brendan I. Koerner">Koerner, Brendan I.</a> (March 13, 2005). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2005/03/13/business/yourmoney/the-spaldeen-is-back-even-if-the-dodgers-arent.html">"The Spaldeen Is Back (Even if the Dodgers Aren't)"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170913091540/http://www.nytimes.com/2005/03/13/business/yourmoney/the-spaldeen-is-back-even-if-the-dodgers-arent.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 13, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 18,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Spaldeen+Is+Back+%28Even+if+the+Dodgers+Aren%27t%29&rft.date=2005-03-13&rft.aulast=Koerner&rft.aufirst=Brendan+I.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2005%2F03%2F13%2Fbusiness%2Fyourmoney%2Fthe-spaldeen-is-back-even-if-the-dodgers-arent.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATraditional+games+of+New+York+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrager2008" class="citation book cs1">Prager, Joshua (11 March 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=M7F4yExH0ygC&pg=PA194"><i>The Echoing Green</i></a>. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. p. 194. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-307-38933-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-307-38933-6"><bdi>978-0-307-38933-6</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Echoing+Green&rft.pages=194&rft.pub=Knopf+Doubleday+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2008-03-11&rft.isbn=978-0-307-38933-6&rft.aulast=Prager&rft.aufirst=Joshua&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DM7F4yExH0ygC%26pg%3DPA194&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATraditional+games+of+New+York+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClementReinier2001" class="citation book cs1">Clement, Priscilla Ferguson; Reinier, Jacqueline S. (1 January 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IyTFVN0ugscC&pg=PT107"><i>Boyhood in America: An Encyclopedia</i></a>. Vol. 1. ABC-CLIO. p. 107. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-215-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-215-8"><bdi>978-1-57607-215-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Boyhood+in+America%3A+An+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=107&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2001-01-01&rft.isbn=978-1-57607-215-8&rft.aulast=Clement&rft.aufirst=Priscilla+Ferguson&rft.au=Reinier%2C+Jacqueline+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIyTFVN0ugscC%26pg%3DPT107&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATraditional+games+of+New+York+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConnor1998" class="citation book cs1">Connor, Anthony J. (March 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Q9bKGWY19XEC"><i>Voices from Cooperstown: baseball's Hall of Famers tell it like it was</i></a>. Galahad Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57866-016-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57866-016-2"><bdi>978-1-57866-016-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Voices+from+Cooperstown%3A+baseball%27s+Hall+of+Famers+tell+it+like+it+was&rft.pub=Galahad+Books&rft.date=1998-03&rft.isbn=978-1-57866-016-2&rft.aulast=Connor&rft.aufirst=Anthony+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQ9bKGWY19XEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATraditional+games+of+New+York+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.streetplay.com/rulesheets/punchball/">"Streetplay Rulesheets: Punchball"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Streetplay+Rulesheets%3A+Punchball&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.streetplay.com%2Frulesheets%2Fpunchball%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATraditional+games+of+New+York+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMilberg1976" class="citation book cs1">Milberg, Alan (1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gTJwAAAAMAAJ"><i>Street Games</i></a>. McGraw-Hill. p. 149. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-07-041915-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-07-041915-5"><bdi>978-0-07-041915-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Street+Games&rft.pages=149&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=978-0-07-041915-5&rft.aulast=Milberg&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgTJwAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATraditional+games+of+New+York+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeymour1990" class="citation book cs1">Seymour, Harold (19 April 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oJuwTnbkmUMC&pg=PA18"><i>Baseball: The People's Game</i></a>. Oxford University Press. p. 18. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-802096-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-802096-7"><bdi>978-0-19-802096-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Baseball%3A+The+People%27s+Game&rft.pages=18&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1990-04-19&rft.isbn=978-0-19-802096-7&rft.aulast=Seymour&rft.aufirst=Harold&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoJuwTnbkmUMC%26pg%3DPA18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATraditional+games+of+New+York+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Punchball_:0-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Punchball_:0_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Punchball_:0_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorris2006" class="citation book cs1">Morris, Peter (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=j_zNttV8VSwC&oi=fnd&pg=PA501"><i>A Game of Inches: The Stories Behind the Innovations that Shaped Baseball : the Game on the Field</i></a>. Rowman & Littlefield. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56663-677-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56663-677-3"><bdi>978-1-56663-677-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Game+of+Inches%3A+The+Stories+Behind+the+Innovations+that+Shaped+Baseball+%3A+the+Game+on+the+Field&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-56663-677-3&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fhl%3Den%26lr%3D%26id%3Dj_zNttV8VSwC%26oi%3Dfnd%26pg%3DPA501&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATraditional+games+of+New+York+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMayer2003" class="citation book cs1">Mayer, Robert (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=x_NWnRI8k54C&pg=PA40"><i>Notes of a Baseball Dreamer: A Memoir</i></a>. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-618-32961-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-618-32961-8"><bdi>978-0-618-32961-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Notes+of+a+Baseball+Dreamer%3A+A+Memoir&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin+Harcourt&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-618-32961-8&rft.aulast=Mayer&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dx_NWnRI8k54C%26pg%3DPA40&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATraditional+games+of+New+York+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGould2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Jay_Gould" title="Stephen Jay Gould">Gould, Stephen Jay</a> (17 May 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XIJ-ay4GJ_kC&pg=PA41"><i>Triumph and Tragedy in Mudville: A Lifelong Passion for Baseball</i></a>. W. W. Norton. pp. 41–42, 258. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-32557-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-32557-7"><bdi>978-0-393-32557-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Triumph+and+Tragedy+in+Mudville%3A+A+Lifelong+Passion+for+Baseball&rft.pages=41-42%2C+258&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton&rft.date=2004-05-17&rft.isbn=978-0-393-32557-7&rft.aulast=Gould&rft.aufirst=Stephen+Jay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXIJ-ay4GJ_kC%26pg%3DPA41&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATraditional+games+of+New+York+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRiess1998" class="citation book cs1">Riess, Steven A. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=B3wX21fXD-QC&pg=PA43"><i>Sports and the American Jew</i></a>. Syracuse University Press. p. 43. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8156-2754-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8156-2754-8"><bdi>978-0-8156-2754-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sports+and+the+American+Jew&rft.pages=43&rft.pub=Syracuse+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-8156-2754-8&rft.aulast=Riess&rft.aufirst=Steven+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DB3wX21fXD-QC%26pg%3DPA43&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATraditional+games+of+New+York+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunnHenderson1999" class="citation book cs1">Dunn, Herb; Henderson, Meryl (1 March 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=C9apQfriaa0C&pg=PT51"><i>Jackie Robinson: Young Sports Trailblazer</i></a>. Simon and Schuster. p. 51. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-689-82453-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-689-82453-1"><bdi>978-0-689-82453-1</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jackie+Robinson%3A+Young+Sports+Trailblazer&rft.pages=51&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=1999-03-01&rft.isbn=978-0-689-82453-1&rft.aulast=Dunn&rft.aufirst=Herb&rft.au=Henderson%2C+Meryl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DC9apQfriaa0C%26pg%3DPT51&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATraditional+games+of+New+York+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKoufaxLinn1966" class="citation book cs1">Koufax, Sandy; Linn, Edward (1966). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gUfhAAAAMAAJ"><i>Koufax</i></a>. Viking Press. p. 17. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780670415083" title="Special:BookSources/9780670415083"><bdi>9780670415083</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Koufax&rft.pages=17&rft.pub=Viking+Press&rft.date=1966&rft.isbn=9780670415083&rft.aulast=Koufax&rft.aufirst=Sandy&rft.au=Linn%2C+Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgUfhAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATraditional+games+of+New+York+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDoeden2006" class="citation book cs1">Doeden, Matt (1 September 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pUUyfnfeNE8C&pg=PT6"><i>Sandy Koufax</i></a>. Twenty-First Century Books. pp. 6–7. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8225-5961-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8225-5961-0"><bdi>978-0-8225-5961-0</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sandy+Koufax&rft.pages=6-7&rft.pub=Twenty-First+Century+Books&rft.date=2006-09-01&rft.isbn=978-0-8225-5961-0&rft.aulast=Doeden&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpUUyfnfeNE8C%26pg%3DPT6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATraditional+games+of+New+York+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-jIDAAAAMBAJ&dq=punchball&pg=PA88">Allen, Maury, <i>Baseball Digest</i>, November 1969, "Yogi Berra: The People's Choice," Vol. 28, No. 10, p. 88</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:0005-609X">0005-609X</a>, accessed December 16, 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobbinsPalitz2001" class="citation book cs1">Robbins, Michael W.; Palitz, Wendy (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KNUp5E3_tTcC&pg=PA84"><i>Brooklyn: A State of Mind</i></a>. Workman Pub. p. 84. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7611-1635-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7611-1635-6"><bdi>978-0-7611-1635-6</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Brooklyn%3A+A+State+of+Mind&rft.pages=84&rft.pub=Workman+Pub.&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-7611-1635-6&rft.aulast=Robbins&rft.aufirst=Michael+W.&rft.au=Palitz%2C+Wendy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKNUp5E3_tTcC%26pg%3DPA84&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATraditional+games+of+New+York+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaslin_Nir2016" class="citation news cs1">Maslin Nir, Sarah (April 8, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/09/nyregion/bernie-sanders-back-in-the-old-neighborhood-to-make-his-case.html">"Bernie Sanders Back in the Old Neighborhood to Make His Case"</a>. <i>New York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Bernie+Sanders+Back+in+the+Old+Neighborhood+to+Make+His+Case&rft.date=2016-04-08&rft.aulast=Maslin+Nir&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2016%2F04%2F09%2Fnyregion%2Fbernie-sanders-back-in-the-old-neighborhood-to-make-his-case.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATraditional+games+of+New+York+City" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSanders2016" class="citation speech cs1">Sanders, Bernie (2016-04-08). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DsBrNzB7fI0&t=8m20s"><i>Full Speech: Bernie Sanders Rally in Flatbush, NY (4-8-16) Bernie Brooklyn New York Rally</i></a> (Speech). Bernie Sanders rally at Flatbush childhood home. Brooklyn, N.Y.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Full+Speech%3A+Bernie+Sanders+Rally+in+Flatbush%2C+NY+%284-8-16%29+Bernie+Brooklyn+New+York+Rally&rft.place=Brooklyn%2C+N.Y.&rft.date=2016-04-08&rft.aulast=Sanders&rft.aufirst=Bernie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DDsBrNzB7fI0%26t%3D8m20s&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATraditional+games+of+New+York+City" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead YouTube link tagged February 2022">dead YouTube link</span></a></i>]</span></sup></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeansFine1992" class="citation book cs1">Means, Howard B.; Fine, Donald I. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=M7B4AAAAMAAJ"><i>Colin Powell: Soldier-Statesman - Statesman-Soldier</i></a>. Donald I. Fine, Ins. pp. 48, 59. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55611-335-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55611-335-2"><bdi>978-1-55611-335-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Colin+Powell%3A+Soldier-Statesman+-+Statesman-Soldier&rft.pages=48%2C+59&rft.pub=Donald+I.+Fine%2C+Ins.&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-1-55611-335-2&rft.aulast=Means&rft.aufirst=Howard+B.&rft.au=Fine%2C+Donald+I.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DM7B4AAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATraditional+games+of+New+York+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHughes1996" class="citation book cs1">Hughes, Libby (April 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pfQ5yNSeKkYC"><i>Colin Powell: a man of quality</i></a>. Dillon Press. p. 24. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-382-39260-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-382-39260-3"><bdi>978-0-382-39260-3</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Colin+Powell%3A+a+man+of+quality&rft.pages=24&rft.pub=Dillon+Press&rft.date=1996-04&rft.isbn=978-0-382-39260-3&rft.aulast=Hughes&rft.aufirst=Libby&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpfQ5yNSeKkYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATraditional+games+of+New+York+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DbcDAAAAMBAJ&dq=punchball&pg=PA24">Falls, Joe, <i>Baseball Digest</i>, July 1960, Vol. 19, No. 6, "Two Boys from the Bronx," p. 24</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:0005-609X">0005-609X</a>, accessed December 16, 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.baruch.cuny.edu/nycdata/uniquely_nyc/stoopball.htm">"NYCdata | Uniquely NYC"</a>. <i>www.baruch.cuny.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-09-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.baruch.cuny.edu&rft.atitle=NYCdata+%7C+Uniquely+NYC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.baruch.cuny.edu%2Fnycdata%2Funiquely_nyc%2Fstoopball.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATraditional+games+of+New+York+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaguire1990" class="citation book cs1">Maguire, Jack (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=55i2ZwCYtpQC&pg=PA237"><i>Hopscotch, Hangman, Hot Potato, & Ha Ha Ha: A Rulebook of Children's Games</i></a>. Simon and Schuster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-671-76332-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-671-76332-9"><bdi>978-0-671-76332-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hopscotch%2C+Hangman%2C+Hot+Potato%2C+%26+Ha+Ha+Ha%3A+A+Rulebook+of+Children%27s+Games&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-671-76332-9&rft.aulast=Maguire&rft.aufirst=Jack&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D55i2ZwCYtpQC%26pg%3DPA237&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATraditional+games+of+New+York+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.streetplay.com/wiki/index.php?title=Off_the_wall">"Stoopball at"</a>. Streetplay.com. September 21, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 18,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Stoopball+at&rft.pub=Streetplay.com&rft.date=2006-09-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.streetplay.com%2Fwiki%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DOff_the_wall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATraditional+games+of+New+York+City" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources"><span title="The material near this tag may rely on an unreliable source. (April 2021)">unreliable source?</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchupak" class="citation web cs1">Schupak, Marty. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webball.com/cms/page1441.cfm">"Stoop Ball on"</a>. Webball.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 18,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Stoop+Ball+on&rft.pub=Webball.com&rft.aulast=Schupak&rft.aufirst=Marty&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.webball.com%2Fcms%2Fpage1441.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATraditional+games+of+New+York+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ringolevio_definition-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ringolevio_definition_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ring-a-levio">"ring-a-levio entry in Merriam-Webster on-line dictionary"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 20,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ring-a-levio+entry+in+Merriam-Webster+on-line+dictionary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Fring-a-levio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATraditional+games+of+New+York+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See this journal article, published in 1891: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStewart_Culin1891" class="citation journal cs1">Stewart Culin (1891) [Jul-Sep, 1891]. "Street Games of Boys in Brooklyn, N. Y.". <i>The Journal of American Folklore</i>. <b>4</b> (14): 221–237. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/534007">534007</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+American+Folklore&rft.atitle=Street+Games+of+Boys+in+Brooklyn%2C+N.+Y.&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=14&rft.pages=221-237&rft.date=1891&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F534007%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.au=Stewart+Culin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATraditional+games+of+New+York+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The hi-spy class includes, among many others, ringalevio (Brooklyn name)" <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunn1904" class="citation cs2">Dunn, Robert (June 1904), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ihouAAAAYAAJ&q=games+of+the+city+street&pg=PP8">"Games of the City Street"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Outing_(magazine)" title="Outing (magazine)">The Outing</a></i>, <b>44</b> (3): 275–276</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Outing&rft.atitle=Games+of+the+City+Street&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=275-276&rft.date=1904-06&rft.aulast=Dunn&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DihouAAAAYAAJ%26q%3Dgames%2Bof%2Bthe%2Bcity%2Bstreet%26pg%3DPP8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATraditional+games+of+New+York+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Ring-a-Levio is a sophisticated cross between Tag and <a href="/wiki/Hide-and-Seek" class="mw-redirect" title="Hide-and-Seek">Hide-and-Seek</a>." <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlbert,_David_H." class="citation book cs1">Albert, David H. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0985020644"><i>Dismantling the Inner School</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 30,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dismantling+the+Inner+School&rft.au=Albert%2C+David+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fisbn%3D0985020644&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATraditional+games+of+New+York+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nymag.com/news/features/childhood/fab-five-freddy-2013-4/">"Childhood in New York: Fab 5 Freddy, Graffiti Artist, b. 1959"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_(magazine)" title="New York (magazine)">New York Magazine</a></i>. March 31, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+York+Magazine&rft.atitle=Childhood+in+New+York%3A+Fab+5+Freddy%2C+Graffiti+Artist%2C+b.+1959&rft.date=2013-03-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnymag.com%2Fnews%2Ffeatures%2Fchildhood%2Ffab-five-freddy-2013-4%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATraditional+games+of+New+York+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Before the first World War, one of the greatest games kids played was Ringolevio. In front of the Grace Church on East 92nd Street and Church Lane, each weeknight we formed a circle of 10 or 12 of us in two teams. The ones who went to hide would then try to sneak back without being caught by one of the guardians of the circle. If a boy managed to get in without being caught, he would yell, "Ringolevio!" and free everyone that had previously been caught. This went on until about 9 p.m. when we had to go home. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDenton2006" class="citation web cs1">Denton, John (2006-11-23). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150923200322/http://www.canarsiecourier.com/news/2006-11-23/Old_Canarsie/048.html">"Playing Ringolevio In Front Of Grace Church"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canarsie_Courier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Canarsie Courier (page does not exist)">Canarsie Courier</a></i>. Brooklyn, New York. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.canarsiecourier.com/news/2006-11-23/Old_Canarsie/048.html">the original</a> on 2015-09-23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Canarsie+Courier&rft.atitle=Playing+Ringolevio+In+Front+Of+Grace+Church&rft.date=2006-11-23&rft.aulast=Denton&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.canarsiecourier.com%2Fnews%2F2006-11-23%2FOld_Canarsie%2F048.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATraditional+games+of+New+York+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Traditional_games_of_Brazil" title="Traditional games of Brazil">Brazil</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_games_of_China" title="Traditional games of China">China</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_games_of_Cuba" title="Traditional games of Cuba">Cuba</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_games_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Traditional games of the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_games_of_Fiji" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional games of Fiji">Fiji</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_games_of_India" title="Traditional games of India">India</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_games_of_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional games of Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_games_of_Iran" title="Traditional games of Iran">Iran</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_games_of_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional games of Japan">Japan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_games_of_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional games of Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_games_of_Mexico" title="Traditional games of Mexico">Mexico</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_games_of_Myanmar" title="Traditional games of Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_games_of_Nepal" title="Traditional games of Nepal">Nepal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_games_of_Nigeria" title="Traditional games of Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_games_of_Oman" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional games of Oman">Oman</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_games_of_Pakistan" title="Traditional games of Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_games_of_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional games of the Philippines">Philippines</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_games_of_Qatar" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional games of Qatar">Qatar</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_games_of_South_Africa" title="Traditional games of South Africa">South Africa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_games_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Traditional games of Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_games_of_Thailand" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional games of Thailand">Thailand</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_games_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional games of the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_games_of_Venezuela" title="Traditional games of Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_games_of_Vietnam" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional games of Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="New_York_City" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#FF6600; color: #FFFFFF;;background:#003884; color: #FF6600;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:New_York_City" title="Template:New York City"><abbr title="View this template" style="color: #FF6600">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:New_York_City" title="Template talk:New York City"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color: #FF6600">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:New_York_City" title="Special:EditPage/Template:New York City"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color: #FF6600">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="New_York_City" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: #FF6600; text-decoration: inherit;">New York City</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#FF6600; color: #FFFFFF;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_New_York_City-related_articles" title="Index of New York City-related articles"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFFFFF">Index of New York City-related articles</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FF6600; color: #FFFFFF;;width:1%">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_York_City" title="History of New York City">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_New_York_City" title="Timeline of New York City">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neighborhoods_in_New_York_City" title="Neighborhoods in New York City">Neighborhoods</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_ethnic_enclaves" title="New York City ethnic enclaves">ethnic enclaves</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_New_York_City" title="Architecture of New York City">Architecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_Deco_architecture_of_New_York_City" title="Art Deco architecture of New York City">Art Deco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_buildings,_sites,_and_monuments_in_New_York_City" title="List of buildings, sites, and monuments in New York City">monuments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_New_York_City" title="List of tallest buildings in New York City">skyscrapers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_New_York_City" title="List of people from New York City">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_in_New_York_City" title="Media in New York City">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_New_York_City" title="Economy of New York City">Economy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_based_in_New_York_City" title="List of companies based in New York City">companies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_New_York_City" title="Geography of New York City">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_New_York_City" title="Climate of New York City">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flags_of_New_York_City" title="Flags of New York City">Flags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_New_York_City" title="Environmental issues in New York City">Environmental issues</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environment_of_New_York_City" title="Environment of New York City">environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_and_water_in_New_York_City" title="Food and water in New York City">food and water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rats_in_New_York_City" title="Rats in New York City">rats</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_New_York_City" title="Demographics of New York City">Demographics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographic_history_of_New_York_City" title="Demographic history of New York City">history</a></li></ul></li> <li>Directories <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_directories" title="Brooklyn directories">Brooklyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_directories" title="New York City directories">Manhattan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queens_directories" title="Queens directories">Queens</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NYC_Logo_Wolff_Olins.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wordmark of New York"><img alt="Wordmark of New York" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/NYC_Logo_Wolff_Olins.svg/60px-NYC_Logo_Wolff_Olins.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/NYC_Logo_Wolff_Olins.svg/90px-NYC_Logo_Wolff_Olins.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/NYC_Logo_Wolff_Olins.svg/120px-NYC_Logo_Wolff_Olins.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="88" data-file-height="29" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FF6600; color: #FFFFFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Boroughs_of_New_York_City" title="Boroughs of New York City"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFFFFF">Boroughs</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Bronx" title="The Bronx">The Bronx</a> (Bronx County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a> (Kings County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a> (New York County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queens" title="Queens">Queens</a> (Queens County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staten_Island" title="Staten Island">Staten Island</a> (Richmond County)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FF6600; color: #FFFFFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_New_York_City" title="Government of New York City"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFFFFF">Government</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_New_York_City" title="Mayor of New York City">Mayor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_mayoral_elections" title="New York City mayoral elections">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Council" title="New York City Council">Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_president" title="Borough president">Borough presidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_boards_of_New_York_City" title="Community boards of New York City">Community Districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_New_York_City" title="Politics of New York City">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_York_City_agencies" title="List of New York City agencies">City agencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toilets_in_New_York_City" title="Toilets in New York City">Toilets</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FF6600; color: #FFFFFF;;width:1%">Emergency services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hospitals_in_New_York_City" title="List of hospitals in New York City">Hospitals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Fire_Department" title="New York City Fire Department">Fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Police_Department" title="New York City Police Department">Police</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_New_York_City" title="Crime in New York City">crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_New_York_City" title="Law enforcement in New York City">law enforcement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Emergency_Management" title="New York City Emergency Management">Emergency Management</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FF6600; color: #FFFFFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_New_York_City" title="Transportation in New York City"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFFFFF">Transportation</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_transportation_in_New_York_City" title="History of transportation in New York City">History</a></li> <li>Entities <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Transportation" title="New York City Department of Transportation">DOT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Board_of_Transportation" title="New York City Board of Transportation">former BOT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vision_Zero_(New_York_City)" title="Vision Zero (New York City)">Vision Zero Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Authority_of_New_York_and_New_Jersey" title="Port Authority of New York and New Jersey">Port Authority</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Transportation_Authority" title="Metropolitan Transportation Authority">Metropolitan Transportation Authority</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Subway" title="New York City Subway">Subway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTA_Regional_Bus_Operations" title="MTA Regional Bus Operations">Bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staten_Island_Railway" title="Staten Island Railway">Staten Island Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Island_Rail_Road" title="Long Island Rail Road">Long Island Rail Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro-North_Railroad" title="Metro-North Railroad">Metro-North Railroad</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PATH_(rail_system)" title="PATH (rail system)">PATH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bridges_and_tunnels_in_New_York_City" title="List of bridges and tunnels in New York City">Bridges and tunnels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Streets_in_New_York_City" title="Category:Streets in New York City">Streets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aviation_in_the_New_York_metropolitan_area" title="Aviation in the New York metropolitan area">Airports</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_International_Airport" title="John F. Kennedy International Airport">John F. Kennedy International Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LaGuardia_Airport" title="LaGuardia Airport">LaGuardia Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newark_Liberty_International_Airport" title="Newark Liberty International Airport">Newark Liberty International Airport</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FF6600; color: #FFFFFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_New_York_City" title="Culture of New York City"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFFFFF">Culture</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_arts_organizations" title="New York City arts organizations">Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Books_about_New_York_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Books about New York City">Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_gardens_in_New_York_City" title="Community gardens in New York City">Community gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_New_York_City" title="Cuisine of New York City">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_English" title="New York City English">Dialect</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_accent" title="New York accent">accent</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmers%27_markets_in_New_York_City" title="Farmers' markets in New York City">Farmers' markets</a></li> <li>Libraries <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Public_Library" title="Brooklyn Public Library">Brooklyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Public_Library" title="New York Public Library">New York (Manhattan, the Bronx, Staten Island)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queens_Public_Library" title="Queens Public Library">Queens</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_and_cultural_institutions_in_New_York_City" title="List of museums and cultural institutions in New York City">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_New_York_City" title="Music of New York City">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicknames_of_New_York_City" title="Nicknames of New York City">Nicknames</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Big_Apple" title="Big Apple">Big Apple</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixth_borough" title="Sixth borough">"Sixth borough"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_the_New_York_metropolitan_area" title="Sports in the New York metropolitan area">Sports</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Traditional games</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_New_York_City" title="Tourism in New York City">Tourism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_York_City_gardens" title="List of New York City gardens">gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_New_York_City_landmarks" title="Lists of New York City landmarks">landmarks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_parks_in_New_York_City" title="List of parks in New York City">parks</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FF6600; color: #FFFFFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Education_in_New_York_City" title="Education in New York City"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFFFFF">Education</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Education" title="New York City Department of Education">Dept. of Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_elementary_schools_in_New_York_City" title="List of public elementary schools in New York City">Elementary schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_high_schools_in_New_York_City" title="List of high schools in New York City">High schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colleges_and_universities_in_New_York_City" title="List of colleges and universities in New York City">Colleges</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FF6600; color: #FFFFFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_York_City" title="History of New York City"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFFFFF">History</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_New_York_City" title="Timeline of New York City">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_York_City_(prehistory%E2%80%931664)" title="History of New York City (prehistory–1664)">Prehistory-1664</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Amsterdam" title="New Amsterdam">New Amsterdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_York_City_(1665%E2%80%931783)" title="History of New York City (1665–1783)">1665–1783</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_York_City_(1784%E2%80%931854)" title="History of New York City (1784–1854)">1784–1854</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_York_City_(1855%E2%80%931897)" title="History of New York City (1855–1897)">1855–1897</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="New York City in the American Civil War">Civil War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Bronx" title="West Bronx">Annexed District (1874)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Bronx" title="East Bronx">East Bronx expansion (1895)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Greater_New_York" title="City of Greater New York">1898 expansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_York_City_(1898%E2%80%931945)" title="History of New York City (1898–1945)">1898–1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_York_City_(1946%E2%80%931977)" title="History of New York City (1946–1977)">1946–1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_York_City_(1978%E2%80%93present)" title="History of New York City (1978–present)">1978–present</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">9/11 terror attacks</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">COVID-19 pandemic</a> and <a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Delta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant">Delta</a><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Omicron_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant">cron</a> hybrid variant (2020–2021)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moving_Day_(New_York_City)" title="Moving Day (New York City)">Moving Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tammany_Hall" title="Tammany Hall">Tammany Hall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#FF6600; 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