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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Non-mayoral_agencies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Non-mayoral agencies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Non-mayoral_agencies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legislative_branch" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legislative_branch"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Legislative branch</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legislative_branch-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Courts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Courts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Courts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Courts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Borough_and_community_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Borough_and_community_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Borough and community government</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Borough_and_community_government-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Borough and community government subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Borough_and_community_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Borough_presidents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Borough_presidents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Borough presidents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Borough_presidents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Borough_boards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Borough_boards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Borough boards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Borough_boards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Community_boards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Community_boards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Community boards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Community_boards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-State_and_county_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#State_and_county_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>State and county government</span> </div> </a> <button 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</li> <li id="toc-Political_parties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_parties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Political parties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_parties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Heraldry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Heraldry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Heraldry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Heraldry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" 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dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size: 125%;">Government of the City of New York</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_New_York_City.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Seal_of_New_York_City.svg/180px-Seal_of_New_York_City.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Seal_of_New_York_City.svg/270px-Seal_of_New_York_City.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Seal_of_New_York_City.svg/360px-Seal_of_New_York_City.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="419" data-file-height="450" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Seal_of_New_York_City" title="Seal of New York City">Seal of New York City</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data">December 16, 1665<span class="noprint">; 358 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1665-12-16</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">City charter</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Charter" title="New York City Charter">New York City Charter</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nyc.gov">nyc<wbr />.gov</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="vertical-align: middle; background-color: #efefef;">City-wide elected officials</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Public Advocate</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Public_Advocate" title="New York City Public Advocate">New York City Public Advocate</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Comptroller</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Comptroller" title="New York City Comptroller">New York City Comptroller</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="vertical-align: middle; background-color: #efefef;">Legislative branch</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Legislature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Council" title="New York City Council">New York City Council</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Meeting place</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Hall" title="New York City Hall">New York City Hall</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="vertical-align: middle; background-color: #efefef;">Executive branch</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mayor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Mayor" class="mw-redirect" title="New York City Mayor">New York City Mayor</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Appointed by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Election" title="Election">Election</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Departments</th><td class="infobox-data">See <a href="/wiki/List_of_New_York_City_agencies" title="List of New York City agencies">List of New York City agencies</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="vertical-align: middle; background-color: #efefef;">Judicial branch</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Seat</th><td class="infobox-data">New York City Hall</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>government of New York City</b>, headquartered at <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Hall" title="New York City Hall">New York City Hall</a> in <a href="/wiki/Lower_Manhattan" title="Lower Manhattan">Lower Manhattan</a>, is organized under the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Charter" title="New York City Charter">New York City Charter</a> and provides for a <a href="/wiki/Mayor%E2%80%93council_government" title="Mayor–council government">mayor-council system</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_New_York_City" title="Mayor of New York City">mayor</a> is elected to a four-year term and is responsible for the administration of city government. The <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Council" title="New York City Council">New York City Council</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Unicameralism" title="Unicameralism">unicameral</a> body consisting of 51 members, each elected from a <a href="/wiki/Electoral_district" title="Electoral district">geographic district</a>, normally for four-year terms. Primary elections for local offices use <a href="/wiki/Ranked-choice_voting_in_the_United_States" title="Ranked-choice voting in the United States">ranked choice voting</a>, while general elections use <a href="/wiki/Plurality_voting" title="Plurality voting">plurality voting</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All elected officials<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are subject to a two <a href="/wiki/Term_limit" title="Term limit">consecutive-term limit</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The court system consists of two citywide courts and three statewide courts. </p><p>New York City's government employs approximately 330,000 people,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> more than any other city in the United States and more than any <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">U.S. state</a> but three: <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>, and <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city government is responsible for public education, correctional institutions, public safety, recreational facilities, sanitation, water supply, and welfare services.<sup id="cite_ref-Charter_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Charter-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> consists of <a href="/wiki/Borough_(New_York_City)" class="mw-redirect" title="Borough (New York City)">five boroughs</a>, each coextensive with one of five <a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_New_York" title="List of counties in New York">counties of New York State</a>: <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a> is Kings County, <a href="/wiki/The_Bronx" title="The Bronx">the Bronx</a> is Bronx County, <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a> is New York County, <a href="/wiki/Queens" title="Queens">Queens</a> is Queens County, and <a href="/wiki/Staten_Island" title="Staten Island">Staten Island</a> is Richmond County. When New York City was consolidated into its present form in 1898, all previous town and county governments within it were abolished in favor of the present five boroughs and a unified, centralized city government.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, each county retains its own <a href="/wiki/District_attorney" title="District attorney">district attorney</a> to prosecute crimes, and most of the court system is organized around the counties. </p><p>New York City is divided between two federal judicial districts. Bronx County and New York County are in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Southern_District_of_New_York" title="United States District Court for the Southern District of New York">Southern District</a> while Kings County, Queens County, and Richmond County are in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Eastern_District_of_New_York" title="United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York">Eastern District</a>, although both districts have concurrent jurisdiction over the waters in their respective districts.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Executive_branch">Executive branch</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Government_of_New_York_City&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Executive branch"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The executive branch of New York City consists of the Mayor, and numerous departments, boards and commissions. The Mayor also appoints several deputy mayors to head major offices within the executive branch of the city government. <i><a href="/wiki/The_City_Record" title="The City Record">The City Record</a></i> is the <a href="/wiki/Government_gazette" title="Government gazette">official journal</a> published each weekday (except legal holidays) containing legal notices produced by city agencies,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and regulations are compiled in the <i><a href="/wiki/Rules_of_the_City_of_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Rules of the City of New York">Rules of the City of New York</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGibsonManz2004473_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGibsonManz2004473-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mayor">Mayor</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Government_of_New_York_City&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Mayor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_New_York_City" title="Mayor of New York City">Mayor of New York City</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eric_Adams_White_House.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/Eric_Adams_White_House.jpg" decoding="async" width="149" height="197" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="149" data-file-height="197" /></a><figcaption>Mayor <a href="/wiki/Eric_Adams" title="Eric Adams">Eric Adams</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_New_York_City" title="Mayor of New York City">Mayor</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Chief_executive_officer" title="Chief executive officer">chief executive officer</a> of the city and a <a href="/wiki/Magistrate" title="Magistrate">magistrate</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-charter_s8_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-charter_s8-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> appoints and removes all unelected officers and exercises all the powers vested in the city except otherwise provided by law,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-charter_s8_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-charter_s8-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is responsible for the effectiveness and integrity of city government operations.<sup id="cite_ref-charter_s8_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-charter_s8-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The mayor is directly elected by popular vote for a four-year term. The mayor is also responsible for creating the city's budget through the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Mayor%27s_Office_of_Management_and_Budget" title="New York City Mayor's Office of Management and Budget">New York City Mayor's Office of Management and Budget</a>, submitted for approval, not drafting, to the Council. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mayoral_agencies">Mayoral agencies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Government_of_New_York_City&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Mayoral agencies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_New_York_City_agencies" title="List of New York City agencies">List of New York City agencies</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_citywide_offices">Other citywide offices</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Government_of_New_York_City&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Other citywide offices"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Along with the mayor, the Public Advocate and the Comptroller are the only three directly elected citywide officials in New York City. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_Advocate">Public Advocate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Government_of_New_York_City&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Public Advocate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Public_Advocate" title="New York City Public Advocate">New York City Public Advocate</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Public_Advocate" title="New York City Public Advocate">Public Advocate</a> is an elected official with responsibility to ease public relations with the government, investigate complaints regarding city agencies, mediate disputes between city agencies and citizens, serve as the city's <a href="/wiki/Ombudsman" title="Ombudsman">ombudsman</a> and advise the mayor on community relations.<sup id="cite_ref-about_advocate_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-about_advocate-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Public Advocate is a member of the Council.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Public Advocate stands first in line of succession to the mayoralty.<sup id="cite_ref-about_advocate_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-about_advocate-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Comptroller">Comptroller</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Government_of_New_York_City&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Comptroller"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Comptroller" title="New York City Comptroller">New York City Comptroller</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Comptroller" title="New York City Comptroller">Comptroller</a> conducts performance and <a href="/wiki/Financial_audit" title="Financial audit">financial audits</a> of all city agencies, serves as a fiduciary to the city's five public <a href="/wiki/Pension_fund" title="Pension fund">pension funds</a> totaling nearly $160 billion in assets, provides comprehensive oversight of the city's budget and fiscal condition, reviews city contracts for integrity, accountability and fiscal compliance, manages the fair, efficient and effective resolution of claims against the city, ensures transparency and accountability in the prevailing wage rate-setting process and enforces prevailing wage and living wage laws.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Comptroller stands second, after the Public Advocate, in the line to succeed a mayor who has become unable to serve.<sup id="cite_ref-NYCRun_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYCRun-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Non-mayoral_agencies">Non-mayoral agencies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Government_of_New_York_City&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Non-mayoral agencies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_New_York_City_agencies" title="List of New York City agencies">List of New York City agencies</a></div> <p>There are also numerous commissions, boards, tribunals and offices that are independent of the mayor's office. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legislative_branch">Legislative branch</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Government_of_New_York_City&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Legislative branch"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Council" title="New York City Council">New York City Council</a></div> <p>Legislative power in the City of New York is vested in the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Council" title="New York City Council">New York City Council</a>. The <a href="/wiki/New_York_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Constitution">New York State Constitution</a> empowers local governments to adopt local laws in addition to ordinances, resolutions, rules and regulations.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENYSDOS199810_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENYSDOS199810-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nyc_city_hall_jan06a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Nyc_city_hall_jan06a.jpg/220px-Nyc_city_hall_jan06a.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Nyc_city_hall_jan06a.jpg/330px-Nyc_city_hall_jan06a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Nyc_city_hall_jan06a.jpg/440px-Nyc_city_hall_jan06a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2214" data-file-height="1689" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Hall" title="New York City Hall">New York City Hall</a>, the seat of city government</figcaption></figure> <p>The Council is a <a href="/wiki/Unicameral" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicameral">unicameral</a> body consisting of 51 Council members, whose districts are defined by geographic population boundaries that each contain approximately 157,000 people. Council members are elected every four years, except that after every census held in years divisible by twenty, districts are redrawn, requiring two consecutive two-year terms, the second of which is held in the redrawn districts. The Speaker of the Council, selected by the 51 Council members, is often considered the second most powerful post in New York City's government after the Mayor. </p><p>Bills passed by a simple majority are sent to the mayor, who may sign them into law. If the mayor vetoes a bill, the Council has 30 days to override the veto by a two-thirds majority vote. A local law has a status equivalent with a law enacted by the <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Legislature" title="New York State Legislature">New York State Legislature</a> (subject to certain exceptions and restrictions<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENYSDOS19983–10_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENYSDOS19983–10-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), and is superior to the older forms of municipal legislation such as ordinances, resolutions, rules and regulations.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENYSDOS199810_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENYSDOS199810-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Codification_(law)" title="Codification (law)">codified</a> local laws of New York City are contained in the <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Administrative_Code" title="New York City Administrative Code">New York City Administrative Code</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGibsonManz2004450_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGibsonManz2004450-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGibsonManz2004458_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGibsonManz2004458-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Council has several committees with oversight of various functions of the city government. Each council member sits on at least three standing, select or subcommittees. The standing committees meet at least once per month. The Speaker of the Council, the Majority Leader, and the Minority Leader are all <i><a href="/wiki/Ex_officio" class="mw-redirect" title="Ex officio">ex officio</a></i> members of every committee. </p><p>Prior to 1990, the city also had a powerful <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Board_of_Estimate" title="New York City Board of Estimate">Board of Estimate</a>, a unique legislative-executive hybrid. Although it could not pass laws, it shared authority for the city budget with the council and controlled functions such as land use, municipal contracts, franchises, and water and sewer rates. The Board's membership consisted of the mayor, comptroller, president of the City Council, and the five <a href="/wiki/Borough_president" title="Borough president">borough presidents</a>. The three citywide officials each cast two votes, and the borough presidents one each. In 1989, the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court of the United States</a> struck down the Board of Estimate as violating the principle of "one man, one vote", due to the dramatically unequal numbers of constituents being represented by each borough president. The city subsequently adopted its current arrangement by referendum.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Courts">Courts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Government_of_New_York_City&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Courts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Unified_Court_System" class="mw-redirect" title="New York State Unified Court System">New York State Unified Court System</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Unified_Court_System" class="mw-redirect" title="New York State Unified Court System">state court system</a> in New York City has two citywide courts, the Criminal Court and the Civil Court, and several statewide courts, the Supreme Court, Surrogate's Court, and Family Court. Unlike the rest of New York, New York City counties do not have a typical County Court. Each statewide court is located in each of New York City's five counties (boroughs). There are also numerous extrajudicial <a href="/wiki/Administrative_court" title="Administrative court">administrative courts</a> such as <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Office_of_Administrative_Trials_and_Hearings" title="New York City Office of Administrative Trials and Hearings">OATH</a>, which are executive agencies and not part of the state Unified Court System. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Surrogate%27s_Courthouse_Hall_of_Records_31_Chambers_Street_from_west.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Surrogate%27s_Courthouse_Hall_of_Records_31_Chambers_Street_from_west.jpg/220px-Surrogate%27s_Courthouse_Hall_of_Records_31_Chambers_Street_from_west.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Surrogate%27s_Courthouse_Hall_of_Records_31_Chambers_Street_from_west.jpg/330px-Surrogate%27s_Courthouse_Hall_of_Records_31_Chambers_Street_from_west.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Surrogate%27s_Courthouse_Hall_of_Records_31_Chambers_Street_from_west.jpg/440px-Surrogate%27s_Courthouse_Hall_of_Records_31_Chambers_Street_from_west.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3163" data-file-height="2437" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Surrogate%27s_Courthouse" title="Surrogate's Courthouse">Surrogate's Courthouse</a> containing courtrooms for the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Surrogate%27s_Court" title="New York Surrogate's Court">Surrogate's Court</a> for <a href="/wiki/New_York_County" class="mw-redirect" title="New York County">New York County</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Criminal_Court" title="New York City Criminal Court">Criminal Court of the City of New York</a> handles summons court appearance tickets, violations, <a href="/wiki/Misdemeanor" title="Misdemeanor">misdemeanors</a> (generally, <a href="/wiki/Criminal_law" title="Criminal law">crimes</a> punishable by fine or imprisonment of up to one year), and conducts <a href="/wiki/Arraignment" title="Arraignment">arraignments</a> (initial court appearances following arrest) and preliminary hearings in <a href="/wiki/Felony" title="Felony">felony</a> cases.<sup id="cite_ref-guide1999p4_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guide1999p4-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-guide2010p2_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guide2010p2-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Civil_Court" title="New York City Civil Court">Civil Court of the City of New York</a> includes Housing Court for landlord-tenant matters, Small Claims Court for cases involving amounts up to $5000, and generally has jurisdiction for damages up to $25,000.<sup id="cite_ref-guide1999p4_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guide1999p4-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-guide2010p2_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guide2010p2-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It handles about 25% of all the New York state and local courts' total filings.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are also several extrajudicial administrative courts, e.g. the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Office_of_Administrative_Trials_and_Hearings" title="New York City Office of Administrative Trials and Hearings">Office of Administrative Trials and Hearings</a> (OATH) adjudicates matters for city agencies unless otherwise provided for by law, and the city <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Finance" title="New York City Department of Finance">Parking Violations Bureau</a> adjudicates parking violations. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/New_York_Supreme_Court" title="New York Supreme Court">Supreme Court of the State of New York</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Trial_court" title="Trial court">trial court</a> of <a href="/wiki/General_jurisdiction" title="General jurisdiction">general jurisdiction</a>, which in New York City hears felony cases and major civil cases.<sup id="cite_ref-budget_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-budget-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Lesser criminal and civil cases are heard in the Criminal Court and Civil Court, respectively.) The <a href="/wiki/New_York_Family_Court" title="New York Family Court">Family Court of the State of New York</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Family_court" title="Family court">family court</a> that hears cases involving children and families.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/New_York_Surrogate%27s_Court" title="New York Surrogate's Court">Surrogate's Court of the State of New York</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Probate_court" title="Probate court">probate court</a> which oversees the probate of wills and administers estates. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Borough_and_community_government">Borough and community government</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Government_of_New_York_City&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Borough and community government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>New York City is composed of five boroughs or counties, collectively comprising 59 community districts.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Borough_presidents">Borough presidents</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Government_of_New_York_City&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Borough presidents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Borough_president" title="Borough president">Borough president</a></div> <p>Each of the five boroughs has an elected <a href="/wiki/Borough_president" title="Borough president">borough president</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The borough presidents can have legislation introduced in the council, recommend capital projects, hold public hearings on matters of public interest, make recommendations to the mayor and to other city officials, make recommendations on land use and planning, and make recommendations regarding the performance of contracts providing for the delivery of services, in the interests of the people of their borough.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:New_York_City_community_districts.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/New_York_City_community_districts.svg/220px-New_York_City_community_districts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/New_York_City_community_districts.svg/330px-New_York_City_community_districts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/New_York_City_community_districts.svg/440px-New_York_City_community_districts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="614" data-file-height="612" /></a><figcaption>Map of <a href="/wiki/Community_boards_of_New_York_City" title="Community boards of New York City">community districts</a> in the City of New York <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Blue; color:white;"> </span> The Bronx</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Green; color:white;"> </span> Brooklyn</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Red; color:black;"> </span> Manhattan</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Purple; color:white;"> </span> Queens</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Orange; color:black;"> </span> Staten Island</div></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Borough_boards">Borough boards</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Government_of_New_York_City&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Borough boards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Borough_boards_of_New_York_City" title="Borough boards of New York City">Borough boards of New York City</a></div> <p>Each of the five boroughs has a <a href="/wiki/Borough_boards_of_New_York_City" title="Borough boards of New York City">borough board</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-charter_s85a_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-charter_s85a-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are composed of the <a href="/wiki/Borough_president" title="Borough president">borough president</a>, Council members from the borough, and the chairperson of each <a href="/wiki/Community_boards_of_New_York_City" title="Community boards of New York City">community board</a> in the borough.<sup id="cite_ref-charter_s85a_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-charter_s85a-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The borough boards can hold or conduct public or private hearings, adopt by-laws, prepare comprehensive and special purpose plans and make recommendations for land use and planning, mediate disputes and conflicts among two or more community boards, submit a comprehensive statement of the expense and capital budget priorities and needs, evaluate the progress of capital developments and the quality and quantity of services provided by agencies, and otherwise consider the needs of the borough.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Community_boards">Community boards</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Government_of_New_York_City&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Community boards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Community_boards_of_New_York_City" title="Community boards of New York City">Community boards of New York City</a></div> <p>Each of the fifty-nine community districts has a <a href="/wiki/Community_boards_of_New_York_City" title="Community boards of New York City">community board</a> composed of up to 50 volunteer members appointed by the local <a href="/wiki/Borough_president" title="Borough president">borough president</a>, half from nominations by Council members representing the community district (<i>i.e.</i>, whose council districts cover part of the community district).<sup id="cite_ref-charter_s2800a_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-charter_s2800a-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-about_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-about-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Community boards advise on land use and zoning, participate in the city budget process, and address service delivery in their district.<sup id="cite_ref-governing-gotham_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-governing-gotham-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Community boards act in an advisory capacity, wielding no official authority to make or enforce laws.<sup id="cite_ref-about_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-about-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-governing-gotham_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-governing-gotham-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="State_and_county_government">State and county government</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Government_of_New_York_City&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: State and county government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="District_attorneys">District attorneys</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Government_of_New_York_City&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: District attorneys"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/New_York_County_District_Attorney" title="New York County District Attorney">New York County District Attorney</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bronx_County_District_Attorney" title="Bronx County District Attorney">Bronx County District Attorney</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kings_County_District_Attorney" class="mw-redirect" title="Kings County District Attorney">Kings County District Attorney</a>, <a href="/wiki/Queens_County_District_Attorney" title="Queens County District Attorney">Queens County District Attorney</a>, <a href="/wiki/District_Attorney_of_Richmond_County_(New_York)" title="District Attorney of Richmond County (New York)">Richmond County District Attorney</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Special_Narcotics_Prosecutor_for_the_City_of_New_York" title="Special Narcotics Prosecutor for the City of New York">Special Narcotics Prosecutor for the City of New York</a></div> <p>Each of the five counties of New York City elects a <a href="/wiki/District_attorney" title="District attorney">district attorney</a> (DA) for a four-year term,<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> whose duty it is to prosecute all crimes and offenses cognizable by the courts of the county.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is also a sixth DA, the <a href="/wiki/Special_Narcotics_Prosecutor_for_the_City_of_New_York" title="Special Narcotics Prosecutor for the City of New York">Office of the Special Prosecutor for Narcotics</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who is unelected, but appointed by the five elected DAs.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_authorities">Public authorities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Government_of_New_York_City&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Public authorities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/New_York_state_public-benefit_corporations" title="New York state public-benefit corporations">New York state public-benefit corporations</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:4_train_leaving_Harlem_on_August_night.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/4_train_leaving_Harlem_on_August_night.jpg/220px-4_train_leaving_Harlem_on_August_night.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/4_train_leaving_Harlem_on_August_night.jpg/330px-4_train_leaving_Harlem_on_August_night.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/4_train_leaving_Harlem_on_August_night.jpg/440px-4_train_leaving_Harlem_on_August_night.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2700" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Subway" title="New York City Subway">New York City Subway</a> is managed by the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Transportation_Authority" title="Metropolitan Transportation Authority">Metropolitan Transportation Authority</a> (MTA), which is a state <a href="/wiki/New_York_state_public-benefit_corporations" title="New York state public-benefit corporations">public-benefit corporation</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Public_Library" title="Brooklyn Public Library">Brooklyn Public Library</a> and <a href="/wiki/Queens_Public_Library" title="Queens Public Library">Queens Public Library</a> are public library systems within their respective boroughs. The <a href="/wiki/New_York_Public_Library" title="New York Public Library">New York Public Library</a> is a private, non-governmental library serving the Bronx, Manhattan, and Staten Island, that receives government funding.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Housing_Authority" title="New York City Housing Authority">New York City Housing Authority</a> (NYCHA) provides public housing for low- and moderate-income residents. <a href="/wiki/NYC_Health_%2B_Hospitals" title="NYC Health + Hospitals">NYC Health + Hospitals</a> (New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation, or HHC) operates public hospitals and clinics. The <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Economic_Development_Corporation" title="New York City Economic Development Corporation">New York City Economic Development Corporation</a> (NYCEDC) is the city's <a href="/wiki/Economic_development_corporation" title="Economic development corporation">economic development corporation</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Transportation_Authority" title="Metropolitan Transportation Authority">Metropolitan Transportation Authority</a> (MTA) manages the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Subway" title="New York City Subway">New York City Subway</a> and <a href="/wiki/MTA_Regional_Bus_Operations" title="MTA Regional Bus Operations">MTA Regional Bus Operations</a> through its arm the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Transit_Authority" title="New York City Transit Authority">New York City Transit Authority</a>. Despite this name, the NYCTA, like the rest of the MTA, was created by the <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Legislature" title="New York State Legislature">New York State Legislature</a> as a <a href="/wiki/New_York_state_public-benefit_corporations" title="New York state public-benefit corporations">public-benefit corporation</a>, which the legislature and governor of New York control. The MTA also operates the <a href="/wiki/Staten_Island_Railway" title="Staten Island Railway">Staten Island Railway</a> within Staten Island, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Long_Island_Rail_Road" title="Long Island Rail Road">Long Island Rail Road</a> and <a href="/wiki/Metro-North_Railroad" title="Metro-North Railroad">Metro-North Railroad</a>, both of which are commuter lines that have termini in the city but run largely in the suburban counties of New York State and Connecticut. </p><p>Other regional transportation is managed by the <a href="/wiki/Port_Authority_of_New_York_and_New_Jersey" title="Port Authority of New York and New Jersey">Port Authority of New York and New Jersey</a>, including the bridges and tunnels between New York City and New Jersey, and all airports and seaports within the city. The Port Authority is an <a href="/wiki/Interstate_compact" title="Interstate compact">interstate compact operating agency</a> jointly controlled by the <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_New_Jersey" title="Governor of New Jersey">Governor of New Jersey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_New_York" title="Governor of New York">Governor of New York</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_parties">Political parties</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Government_of_New_York_City&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Political parties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_New_York_(state)#Political_parties" title="Elections in New York (state)">Elections in New York (state) § Political parties</a></div> <p>State <a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Laws_of_New_York" title="Consolidated Laws of New York">Election Law</a> defines the structure of political parties. It requires each party to have a state committee and allows them to organize county committees.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZimmerman200855_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZimmerman200855-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The county committees are composed of at least two members elected from each election district (containing a maximum of 950–1150 registered voters). The law also allows the election of <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Assembly" title="New York State Assembly">assembly district</a> leaders.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZimmerman200855_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZimmerman200855-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The political parties' county executive committees typically select candidates for local offices, to be ratified by the full county committees.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZimmerman200855_48-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZimmerman200855-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many small parties do not have county committees and designate candidates at the state level. The political parties' judicial nominating conventions select candidate <a href="/wiki/New_York_Supreme_Court" title="New York Supreme Court">New York Supreme Court</a> justices.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Candidates for the citywide offices of mayor, comptroller and public advocate are designated jointly by the five county executive committees of each party.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In most cases, insurgents who are party members can challenge party-designated candidates by petitioning for a <a href="/wiki/Partisan_primary" class="mw-redirect" title="Partisan primary">primary election</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Heraldry">Heraldry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Government_of_New_York_City&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Heraldry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_New_York_City_(BW).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Seal_of_New_York_City_%28BW%29.svg/130px-Seal_of_New_York_City_%28BW%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Seal_of_New_York_City_%28BW%29.svg/195px-Seal_of_New_York_City_%28BW%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Seal_of_New_York_City_%28BW%29.svg/260px-Seal_of_New_York_City_%28BW%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="419" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_New_York_City.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_New_York_City.svg/130px-Flag_of_New_York_City.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_New_York_City.svg/195px-Flag_of_New_York_City.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_New_York_City.svg/260px-Flag_of_New_York_City.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Seal_of_New_York_City" title="Seal of New York City">seal of New York City</a>, adopted in an earlier form in 1686, bears the legend <small><i>SIGILLVM CIVITATIS NOVI EBORACI</i></small>, which means simply "The Seal of the City of New York". <i><a href="/wiki/Eboracum" title="Eboracum">Eboracum</a></i> was the Roman name for York, the titular seat of <a href="/wiki/James_II_of_England" title="James II of England">James II</a> as <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_York" title="Duke of York">Duke of York</a>. The two supporters represent the unity between Native Americans and colonists, the four windmill sails recall the city's Dutch history as <a href="/wiki/New_Amsterdam" title="New Amsterdam">New Amsterdam</a>, and the beavers and flour barrels the city's earliest trade goods (see <a href="/wiki/History_of_New_York_City" title="History of New York City">History of New York City</a>). The crest over the seal is <a href="/wiki/The_American_Eagle" class="mw-redirect" title="The American Eagle">the American eagle</a>, added after the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a>. "1625", the date at the bottom, was chosen to emphasize the city's Dutch roots but has been characterized as "arbitrary" and "simply wrong" by notable city historians (New Amsterdam was actually settled in 1624).<sup id="cite_ref-birthdate_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-birthdate-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_New_York_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag of New York City">flag of New York City</a> was adopted in 1915. Its blue, white, and orange bands represent the colors of the Dutch flag that flew over the city, then New Amsterdam, between the 1620s and 1660s. Located in the center is a blue print of the official Seal of New York City minus its Latin motto.<sup id="cite_ref-greenbook_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-greenbook-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are two official variants of the New York City flag. The Mayor's Office version adds an arc of five five-pointed stars (representing each of the five boroughs) in blue above the seal, and the Councilmanic version adds the word "COUNCIL" in blue below the seal.<sup id="cite_ref-greenbook_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-greenbook-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Government_of_New_York_City&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_New_York_City.svg/32px-Flag_of_New_York_City.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_New_York_City.svg/48px-Flag_of_New_York_City.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_New_York_City.svg/64px-Flag_of_New_York_City.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:New_York_City" title="Portal:New York City">New York City portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_and_politics_in_Brooklyn" title="Government and politics in Brooklyn">Government and politics in Brooklyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_New_York_(state)" title="Government of New York (state)">Government of New York (state)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_York_City_borough_halls_and_municipal_buildings" title="List of New York City borough halls and municipal buildings">List of New York City borough halls and municipal buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_New_York_City" title="Politics of New York City">Politics of New York City</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Government_of_New_York_City&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vote.nyc/page/ranked-choice-voting">"Ranked choice voting | NYC Board of Elections"</a>. <i>vote.nyc</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 27,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Once+Again%2C+City+Voters+Approve+Term+Limits&rft.date=2010-11-03&rft.aulast=Hern%C3%A1ndez&rft.aufirst=Javier&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2010%2F11%2F03%2Fnyregion%2F03limits.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernment+of+New+York+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130606081258/http://www.nydailynews.com/blogs/dailypolitics/2010/11/is-term-limit-vote-a-big-smack.html">"Is Term Limit Vote a Big Smack at Mayor? – New York Daily News"</a>. New York. 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City of New York. July 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nyc.gov/html/charter/downloads/pdf/citycharter2004.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2009-05-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+the+Office&rft.pub=New+York+City+Public+Advocate&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpubadvocate.nyc.gov%2Fabout-office&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernment+of+New+York+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Charter" title="New York City Charter">New York City Charter</a> § 22</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://comptroller.nyc.gov/office-of-the-comptroller/duties-of-the-comptroller/">"The Duties of the Comptroller"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Comptroller" title="New York City Comptroller">New York City Comptroller</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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New York, N.Y.: League of Women Voters of the City of New York Education Fund. 2001. pp. 30–31. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-916130-02-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-916130-02-9"><bdi>0-916130-02-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Mayor&rft.btitle=What+makes+New+York+City+run%3F+%3A+a+citizen%27s+guide+to+how+city+government+works&rft.place=New+York%2C+N.Y.&rft.pages=30-31&rft.edition=Third&rft.pub=League+of+Women+Voters+of+the+City+of+New+York+Education+Fund&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-916130-02-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernment+of+New+York+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGibsonManz2004" class="citation book cs1">Gibson, Ellen M.; Manz, William H. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Civil+Court+History&rft.pub=New+York+State+Office+of+Court+Administration&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nycourts.gov%2Fcourts%2Fnyc%2Fcivil%2Fcivilhistory.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernment+of+New+York+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-budget-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-budget_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nycourts.gov/admin/financialops/BGT14-15/2014-15-Budget.pdf"><i>State of New York Judiciary Budget: FY 2014-15</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. p. 18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=State+of+New+York+Judiciary+Budget%3A+FY+2014-15&rft.pages=18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nycourts.gov%2Fadmin%2Ffinancialops%2FBGT14-15%2F2014-15-Budget.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernment+of+New+York+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNew_York_City_Bar_Association2012" class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.nycbar.org/pdf/report/uploads/20072254-IntroductoryGuidetoNYCFamilyCourt.pdf"><i>Introductory Guide to the New York City Family Court</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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February 2012. p. 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introductory+Guide+to+the+New+York+City+Family+Court&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=Committee+on+Family+Law+and+Family+Court+of+the+Association+of+the+Bar+of+the+City+of+New+York&rft.date=2012-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.nycbar.org%2Fpdf%2Freport%2Fuploads%2F20072254-IntroductoryGuidetoNYCFamilyCourt.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernment+of+New+York+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nyc.gov/html/dcp/html/neigh_info/nhmap.shtml">"Community District Information"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_City_Planning" title="New York City Department of City Planning">New York City Department of City Planning</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Community+District+Information&rft.pub=New+York+City+Department+of+City+Planning&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nyc.gov%2Fhtml%2Fdcp%2Fhtml%2Fneigh_info%2Fnhmap.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernment+of+New+York+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Charter" title="New York City Charter">New York City Charter</a> § 81</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Charter" title="New York City Charter">New York City Charter</a> § 82</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-charter_s85a-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-charter_s85a_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-charter_s85a_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Charter" title="New York City Charter">New York City Charter</a> § 85(a)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Charter" title="New York City Charter">New York City Charter</a> § 85(b)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-charter_s2800a-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-charter_s2800a_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Charter" title="New York City Charter">New York City Charter</a> § 2800(a)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-about-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-about_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-about_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160808231352/http://www.nyc.gov/html/cau/html/cb/about.shtml">"About Community Boards"</a>. <i>NYC Mayor's Community Affairs Unit</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nyc.gov/html/cau/html/cb/about.shtml">the original</a> on 8 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NYC+Mayor%27s+Community+Affairs+Unit&rft.atitle=About+Community+Boards&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nyc.gov%2Fhtml%2Fcau%2Fhtml%2Fcb%2Fabout.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernment+of+New+York+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-governing-gotham-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-governing-gotham_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-governing-gotham_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerg2007" class="citation book cs1">Berg, Bruce (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sSLl6mXVlz4C&pg=PA277"><i>New York City Politics: Governing Gotham</i></a>. Rutgers University Press. p. 277. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780813543895" title="Special:BookSources/9780813543895"><bdi>9780813543895</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+York+City+Politics%3A+Governing+Gotham&rft.pages=277&rft.pub=Rutgers+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9780813543895&rft.aulast=Berg&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsSLl6mXVlz4C%26pg%3DPA277&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernment+of+New+York+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Laws_of_New_York" title="Consolidated Laws of New York">County Law</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CNT/926">§ 926</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Laws_of_New_York" title="Consolidated Laws of New York">County Law</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CNT/927">§ 927</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171107025140/http://mtprauhwprtlcouncil.nyc.gov/html/budget/2017/ex/da.pdf">"Budget report"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>mtprauhwprtlcouncil.nyc.gov</i>. May 23, 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mtprauhwprtlcouncil.nyc.gov/html/budget/2017/ex/da.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on November 7, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 25,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mtprauhwprtlcouncil.nyc.gov&rft.atitle=Budget+report&rft.date=2016-05-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmtprauhwprtlcouncil.nyc.gov%2Fhtml%2Fbudget%2F2017%2Fex%2Fda.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernment+of+New+York+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.snpnyc.org/">"Office of the Special Narcotics Prosecutor for the City of New York"</a>. <i>Office of the Special Narcotics Prosecutor</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Office+of+the+Special+Narcotics+Prosecutor&rft.atitle=Office+of+the+Special+Narcotics+Prosecutor+for+the+City+of+New+York&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.snpnyc.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernment+of+New+York+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The New York Public Library, Astor, Lenox and Tilden Foundations. Financial Statements and Supplemental Schedules, June 2016</i>, page 8. "The Library is a private, not-for-profit educational corporation that provides certain free services to users on its facilities. Although the Library is not a governmental institution, ..."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Laws_of_New_York" title="Consolidated Laws of New York">Election Law</a> article 2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZimmerman2008" class="citation book cs1">Zimmerman, Joseph F. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sunypress.edu/p-4596-the-government-and-politics-of-.aspx"><i>The Government and Politics of New York State</i></a> (2nd ed.). <a href="/wiki/SUNY_Press" title="SUNY Press">SUNY Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-7435-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-7435-8"><bdi>978-0-7914-7435-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Government+and+Politics+of+New+York+State&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=SUNY+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-7914-7435-8&rft.aulast=Zimmerman&rft.aufirst=Joseph+F.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sunypress.edu%2Fp-4596-the-government-and-politics-of-.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernment+of+New+York+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEZimmerman200855-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZimmerman200855_48-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZimmerman200855_48-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZimmerman200855_48-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFZimmerman2008">Zimmerman 2008</a>, p. 55.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Laws_of_New_York" title="Consolidated Laws of New York">Election Law</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/ELN/2-104">§ 2-104</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNew_York_City_Bar_Association_Council_on_Judicial_Administration2014" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Bar_Association" title="New York City Bar Association">New York City Bar Association</a> Council on Judicial Administration (March 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.nycbar.org/pdf/report/uploads/20072672-GuidetoJudicialSelectionMethodsinNewYork.pdf"><i>Judicial Selection Methods in the State of New York: A Guide to Understanding and Getting Involved in the Selection Process</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Bar_Association" title="New York City Bar Association">New York City Bar Association</a>. pp. 23–27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Judicial+Selection+Methods+in+the+State+of+New+York%3A+A+Guide+to+Understanding+and+Getting+Involved+in+the+Selection+Process&rft.pages=23-27&rft.pub=New+York+City+Bar+Association&rft.date=2014-03&rft.au=New+York+City+Bar+Association+Council+on+Judicial+Administration&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.nycbar.org%2Fpdf%2Freport%2Fuploads%2F20072672-GuidetoJudicialSelectionMethodsinNewYork.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernment+of+New+York+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSayreKaufman1960" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Wallace_Stanley_Sayre" class="mw-redirect" title="Wallace Stanley Sayre">Sayre, Wallace</a>; Kaufman, Herbert (1960). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/governingnewyork0000sayr"><i>Governing New York City: Politics in the Metropolis</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Russell_Sage_Foundation" title="Russell Sage Foundation">Russell Sage Foundation</a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/governingnewyork0000sayr/page/147">147</a>–148. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781610446860" title="Special:BookSources/9781610446860"><bdi>9781610446860</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/60008408">60008408</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Governing+New+York+City%3A+Politics+in+the+Metropolis&rft.pages=147-148&rft.pub=Russell+Sage+Foundation&rft.date=1960&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F60008408&rft.isbn=9781610446860&rft.aulast=Sayre&rft.aufirst=Wallace&rft.au=Kaufman%2C+Herbert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgoverningnewyork0000sayr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernment+of+New+York+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-birthdate-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-birthdate_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoberts2008" class="citation news cs1">Roberts, Sam (2008-07-14). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/14/nyregion/14seal.html">"New York's Birth Date: Don't Go by City's Seal"</a></span>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=New+York%27s+Birth+Date%3A+Don%27t+Go+by+City%27s+Seal&rft.date=2008-07-14&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=Sam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F07%2F14%2Fnyregion%2F14seal.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernment+of+New+York+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-greenbook-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-greenbook_53-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-greenbook_53-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150428153256/http://www.nyc.gov/html/dcas/html/about/greenbook_seal_flag.shtml">"NYC Green Book Highlights - City Seal and Flag"</a>. <i>NYC Citywide Administrative Services</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nyc.gov/html/dcas/html/about/greenbook_seal_flag.shtml">the original</a> on 28 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NYC+Citywide+Administrative+Services&rft.atitle=NYC+Green+Book+Highlights+-+City+Seal+and+Flag&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nyc.gov%2Fhtml%2Fdcas%2Fhtml%2Fabout%2Fgreenbook_seal_flag.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernment+of+New+York+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Government_of_New_York_City&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 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class="mw-selflink selflink">Government of New York City</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Charter" title="New York City Charter">New York City Charter</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elected officials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_New_York_City" title="Mayor of New York City">Mayor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_New_York_City" title="List of mayors of New York City">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Public_Advocate" title="New York City Public Advocate">Public Advocate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Comptroller" title="New York City Comptroller">Comptroller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Council" title="New York City Council">City Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_President" class="mw-redirect" title="Borough President">Borough Presidents</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_borough_presidents_of_New_York_City" title="List of borough presidents of New York City">List</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Independent organs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Board_of_Correction" title="New York City Board of Correction">Board of Correction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Board_of_Elections" title="New York City Board of Elections">Board of Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Civil_Court" title="New York City Civil Court">Civil Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Criminal_Court" title="New York City Criminal Court">Criminal Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Independent_Budget_Office" title="New York City Independent Budget Office">Independent Budget Office</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_York_City_agencies" title="List of New York City agencies">Departments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_for_the_Aging" title="New York City Department for the Aging">Aging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Buildings" title="New York City Department of Buildings">Buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Administration_for_Children%27s_Services" title="New York City Administration for Children's Services">Children's Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_City_Planning" title="New York City Department of City Planning">City Planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Citywide_Administrative_Services" title="New York City Department of Citywide Administrative Services">Citywide Administrative Services</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_City_Record" title="The City Record">The City Record</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Consumer_and_Worker_Protection" title="New York City Department of Consumer and Worker Protection">Consumer and Worker Protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Correction" title="New York City Department of Correction">Correction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Cultural_Affairs" title="New York City Department of Cultural Affairs">Cultural Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Design_and_Construction" title="New York City Department of Design and Construction">Design & Construction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Education" title="New York City Department of Education">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Board_of_Education" class="mw-redirect" title="New York City Board of Education">Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_School_Chancellor" class="mw-redirect" title="New York City School Chancellor">Chancellor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Emergency_Management" title="New York City Emergency Management">Emergency Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Environmental_Protection" title="New York City Department of Environmental Protection">Environmental Protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Finance" title="New York City Department of Finance">Finance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Sheriff%27s_Office" title="New York City Sheriff's Office">Sheriff's Office</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Fire_Department" title="New York City Fire Department">Fire</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Fire_Commissioner" title="New York City Fire Commissioner">Commissioner</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Health_and_Mental_Hygiene" title="New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene">Health & Mental Hygiene</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commissioner_of_Health_of_the_City_of_New_York" title="Commissioner of Health of the City of New York">Commissioner</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Homeless_Services" title="New York City Department of Homeless Services">Homeless Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Housing_Preservation_and_Development" title="New York City Department of Housing Preservation and Development">Housing Preservation & Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Human_Resources_Administration" title="New York City Human Resources Administration">Human Resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Investigation" title="New York City Department of Investigation">Investigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Landmarks_Preservation_Commission" title="New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission">Landmarks Preservation Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Law_Department" title="New York City Law Department">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Mayor%27s_Office_of_Management_and_Budget" title="New York City Mayor's Office of Management and Budget">Management and Budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Parks_and_Recreation" title="New York City Department of Parks and Recreation">Parks & Recreation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Police_Department" title="New York City Police Department">Police</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Police_Commissioner" title="New York City Police Commissioner">Commissioner</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Probation" title="New York City Department of Probation">Probation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Records_and_Information_Services" title="New York City Department of Records and Information Services">Records & Information Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Sanitation" title="New York City Department of Sanitation">Sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Small_Business_Services" title="New York City Department of Small Business Services">Small Business Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Office_of_Technology_and_Innovation" title="New York City Office of Technology and Innovation">Technology and Innovation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Transportation" title="New York City Department of Transportation">Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Youth_%26_Community_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="New York City Department of Youth & Community Development">Youth & Community Development</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other agencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/City_University_of_New_York" title="City University of New York">City University of New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Office_of_Administrative_Trials_and_Hearings" title="New York City Office of Administrative Trials and Hearings">Office of Administrative Trials and Hearings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Business_Integrity_Commission" title="New York City Business Integrity Commission">Business Integrity Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Conflicts_of_Interest_Board" title="New York City Conflicts of Interest Board">Conflicts of Interest Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Economic_Development_Corporation" title="New York City Economic Development Corporation">Economic Development Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Chief_Medical_Examiner_of_the_City_of_New_York" title="Office of Chief Medical Examiner of the City of New York">Office of Chief Medical Examiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Health_and_Hospitals_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation">Health & Hospitals Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Housing_Authority" title="New York City Housing Authority">Housing Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayor%27s_Office_of_Film,_Theatre_%26_Broadcasting" title="Mayor's Office of Film, Theatre & Broadcasting">Mayor's Office of Film, Theatre & Broadcasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NYC_Media" title="NYC Media">NYC Media Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_School_Construction_Authority" title="New York City School Construction Authority">New York City School Construction Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Taxi_and_Limousine_Commission" title="New York City Taxi and Limousine Commission">Taxi & Limousine Commission</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Boroughs_of_New_York_City" title="Boroughs of New York City">Five boroughs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Bronx" title="The Bronx">The Bronx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queens" title="Queens">Queens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staten_Island" title="Staten Island">Staten Island</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Community_boards" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Community_boards_of_New_York_City" title="Community boards of New York City">Community boards</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Community_boards_of_the_Bronx" title="Community boards of the Bronx">The Bronx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_boards_of_Brooklyn" title="Community boards of Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_boards_of_Manhattan" title="Community boards of Manhattan">Manhattan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_boards_of_Queens" title="Community boards of Queens">Queens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_boards_of_Staten_Island" title="Community boards of Staten Island">Staten Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_York_City" title="History of New York City">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_New_York_City" title="Timeline of New York City">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neighborhoods_in_New_York_City" title="Neighborhoods in New York City">Neighborhoods</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_ethnic_enclaves" title="New York City ethnic enclaves">ethnic enclaves</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_New_York_City" title="Architecture of New York City">Architecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_Deco_architecture_of_New_York_City" title="Art Deco architecture of New York City">Art Deco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_buildings,_sites,_and_monuments_in_New_York_City" title="List of buildings, sites, and monuments in New York City">monuments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_New_York_City" title="List of tallest buildings in New York City">skyscrapers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_New_York_City" title="List of people from New York City">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_in_New_York_City" title="Media in New York City">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_New_York_City" title="Economy of New York City">Economy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_based_in_New_York_City" title="List of companies based in New York City">companies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_New_York_City" title="Geography of New York City">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_New_York_City" title="Climate of New York City">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flags_of_New_York_City" title="Flags of New York City">Flags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_New_York_City" title="Environmental issues in New York City">Environmental issues</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environment_of_New_York_City" title="Environment of New York City">environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_and_water_in_New_York_City" title="Food and water in New York City">food and water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rats_in_New_York_City" title="Rats in New York City">rats</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_New_York_City" title="Demographics of New York City">Demographics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographic_history_of_New_York_City" title="Demographic history of New York City">history</a></li></ul></li> <li>Directories <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_directories" title="Brooklyn directories">Brooklyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_directories" title="New York City directories">Manhattan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queens_directories" title="Queens directories">Queens</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NYC_Logo_Wolff_Olins.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wordmark of New York"><img alt="Wordmark of New York" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/NYC_Logo_Wolff_Olins.svg/60px-NYC_Logo_Wolff_Olins.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/NYC_Logo_Wolff_Olins.svg/90px-NYC_Logo_Wolff_Olins.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/NYC_Logo_Wolff_Olins.svg/120px-NYC_Logo_Wolff_Olins.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="88" data-file-height="29" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FF6600; color: #FFFFFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Boroughs_of_New_York_City" title="Boroughs of New York City"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFFFFF">Boroughs</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Bronx" title="The Bronx">The Bronx</a> (Bronx County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a> (Kings County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a> (New York County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queens" title="Queens">Queens</a> (Queens County)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staten_Island" title="Staten Island">Staten Island</a> (Richmond County)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FF6600; color: #FFFFFF;;width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFFFFF">Government</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_New_York_City" title="Mayor of New York City">Mayor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_mayoral_elections" title="New York City mayoral elections">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Council" title="New York City Council">Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_president" title="Borough president">Borough presidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_boards_of_New_York_City" title="Community boards of New York City">Community Districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_New_York_City" title="Politics of New York City">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_York_City_agencies" title="List of New York City agencies">City agencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toilets_in_New_York_City" title="Toilets in New York City">Toilets</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FF6600; color: #FFFFFF;;width:1%">Emergency services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hospitals_in_New_York_City" title="List of hospitals in New York City">Hospitals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Fire_Department" title="New York City Fire Department">Fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Police_Department" title="New York City Police Department">Police</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_New_York_City" title="Crime in New York City">crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_New_York_City" title="Law enforcement in New York City">law enforcement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Emergency_Management" title="New York City Emergency Management">Emergency Management</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FF6600; color: #FFFFFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_New_York_City" title="Transportation in New York City"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFFFFF">Transportation</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_transportation_in_New_York_City" title="History of transportation in New York City">History</a></li> <li>Entities <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Transportation" title="New York City Department of Transportation">DOT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Board_of_Transportation" title="New York City Board of Transportation">former BOT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vision_Zero_(New_York_City)" title="Vision Zero (New York City)">Vision Zero Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Authority_of_New_York_and_New_Jersey" title="Port Authority of New York and New Jersey">Port Authority</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Transportation_Authority" title="Metropolitan Transportation Authority">Metropolitan Transportation Authority</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Subway" title="New York City Subway">Subway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTA_Regional_Bus_Operations" title="MTA Regional Bus Operations">Bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staten_Island_Railway" title="Staten Island Railway">Staten Island Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Island_Rail_Road" title="Long Island Rail Road">Long Island Rail Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro-North_Railroad" title="Metro-North Railroad">Metro-North Railroad</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PATH_(rail_system)" title="PATH (rail system)">PATH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bridges_and_tunnels_in_New_York_City" title="List of bridges and tunnels in New York City">Bridges and tunnels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Streets_in_New_York_City" title="Category:Streets in New York City">Streets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aviation_in_the_New_York_metropolitan_area" title="Aviation in the New York metropolitan area">Airports</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_International_Airport" title="John F. Kennedy International Airport">John F. Kennedy International Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LaGuardia_Airport" title="LaGuardia Airport">LaGuardia Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newark_Liberty_International_Airport" title="Newark Liberty International Airport">Newark Liberty International Airport</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FF6600; color: #FFFFFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_New_York_City" title="Culture of New York City"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFFFFF">Culture</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_arts_organizations" title="New York City arts organizations">Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Books_about_New_York_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Books about New York City">Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_gardens_in_New_York_City" title="Community gardens in New York City">Community gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_New_York_City" title="Cuisine of New York City">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_English" title="New York City English">Dialect</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_accent" title="New York accent">accent</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmers%27_markets_in_New_York_City" title="Farmers' markets in New York City">Farmers' markets</a></li> <li>Libraries <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Public_Library" title="Brooklyn Public Library">Brooklyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Public_Library" title="New York Public Library">New York (Manhattan, the Bronx, Staten Island)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queens_Public_Library" title="Queens Public Library">Queens</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_and_cultural_institutions_in_New_York_City" title="List of museums and cultural institutions in New York City">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_New_York_City" title="Music of New York City">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicknames_of_New_York_City" title="Nicknames of New York City">Nicknames</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Big_Apple" title="Big Apple">Big Apple</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixth_borough" title="Sixth borough">"Sixth borough"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_the_New_York_metropolitan_area" title="Sports in the New York metropolitan area">Sports</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_games_of_New_York_City" title="Traditional games of New York City">Traditional games</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_New_York_City" title="Tourism in New York City">Tourism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_York_City_gardens" title="List of New York City gardens">gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_New_York_City_landmarks" title="Lists of New York City landmarks">landmarks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_parks_in_New_York_City" title="List of parks in New York City">parks</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FF6600; color: #FFFFFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Education_in_New_York_City" title="Education in New York City"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFFFFF">Education</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Education" title="New York City Department of Education">Dept. of Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_elementary_schools_in_New_York_City" title="List of public elementary schools in New York City">Elementary schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_high_schools_in_New_York_City" title="List of high schools in New York City">High schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colleges_and_universities_in_New_York_City" title="List of colleges and universities in New York City">Colleges</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FF6600; color: #FFFFFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_York_City" title="History of New York City"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#FFFFFF">History</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_New_York_City" title="Timeline of New York City">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_York_City_(prehistory%E2%80%931664)" title="History of New York City (prehistory–1664)">Prehistory-1664</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Amsterdam" title="New Amsterdam">New Amsterdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_York_City_(1665%E2%80%931783)" title="History of New York City (1665–1783)">1665–1783</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_York_City_(1784%E2%80%931854)" title="History of New York City (1784–1854)">1784–1854</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_York_City_(1855%E2%80%931897)" title="History of New York City (1855–1897)">1855–1897</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="New York City in the American Civil War">Civil War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Bronx" title="West Bronx">Annexed District (1874)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Bronx" title="East Bronx">East Bronx expansion (1895)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Greater_New_York" title="City of Greater New York">1898 expansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_York_City_(1898%E2%80%931945)" title="History of New York City (1898–1945)">1898–1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_York_City_(1946%E2%80%931977)" title="History of New York City (1946–1977)">1946–1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_York_City_(1978%E2%80%93present)" title="History of New York City (1978–present)">1978–present</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">9/11 terror attacks</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">COVID-19 pandemic</a> and <a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Delta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant">Delta</a><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Omicron_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant">cron</a> hybrid variant (2020–2021)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moving_Day_(New_York_City)" title="Moving Day (New York City)">Moving Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tammany_Hall" title="Tammany Hall">Tammany Hall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#FF6600; 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