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of Northampton</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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Marquess of Northampton" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Parr,_I_marqu%C3%A9s_de_Northampton" title="William Parr, I marqués de Northampton – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="William Parr, I marqués de Northampton" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Parr_(1-a_grafo_de_Essex)" title="William Parr (1-a grafo de Essex) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="William Parr (1-a grafo de Essex)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Parr_(1er_marquis_de_Northampton)" title="William Parr (1er marquis de Northampton) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="William Parr (1er marquis de Northampton)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Parr,_I_marchese_di_Northampton" title="William Parr, I marchese di Northampton – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="William Parr, I marchese di Northampton" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulielmus_Parrus" title="Gulielmus Parrus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Gulielmus Parrus" data-language-autonym="Latina" 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A3%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A0%E3%83%BB%E3%83%91%E3%83%BC_(%E5%88%9D%E4%BB%A3%E3%83%8E%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B5%E3%83%B3%E3%83%97%E3%83%88%E3%83%B3%E4%BE%AF)" title="ウィリアム・パー (初代ノーサンプトン侯) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ウィリアム・パー (初代ノーサンプトン侯)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guilherme_Parr" title="Guilherme Parr – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Guilherme Parr" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">English nobleman and politician</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other people with the same name, see <a href="/wiki/William_Parr_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="William Parr (disambiguation)">William Parr (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="width: 22.5em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background: #99BADD; color: #000000;"><div class="fn" style="display:inline">The Marquess of Northampton</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Essex" title="Earl of Essex">Earl of Essex</a><br />Baron Parr of Kendal<br />Baron Hart</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Marquess_of_Northampton_by_Hans_Holbein_the_Younger.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/The_Marquess_of_Northampton_by_Hans_Holbein_the_Younger.jpg/220px-The_Marquess_of_Northampton_by_Hans_Holbein_the_Younger.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="332" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/The_Marquess_of_Northampton_by_Hans_Holbein_the_Younger.jpg/330px-The_Marquess_of_Northampton_by_Hans_Holbein_the_Younger.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/The_Marquess_of_Northampton_by_Hans_Holbein_the_Younger.jpg/440px-The_Marquess_of_Northampton_by_Hans_Holbein_the_Younger.jpg 2x" data-file-width="993" data-file-height="1500" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Portrait by <a href="/wiki/Hans_Holbein_the_Younger" title="Hans Holbein the Younger">Hans Holbein the Younger</a>, royal collection, <a href="/wiki/Windsor_Castle" title="Windsor Castle">Windsor Castle</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1513-08-14</span>)</span>14 August 1513<br /><span class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Blackfriars,_London" title="Blackfriars, London">Blackfriars</a>, London, England</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;">27 October 1571<span style="display:none">(1571-10-27)</span> (aged 58)<br /><a href="/wiki/Warwick" title="Warwick">Warwick</a>, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Buried</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;"><span class="label"><a href="/wiki/St_Mary%27s_Church,_Warwick" class="mw-redirect" title="St Mary's Church, Warwick">St. Mary's Collegiate Church, Warwick</a>, England</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse(s)</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Anne_Bourchier,_7th_Baroness_Bourchier" title="Anne Bourchier, 7th Baroness Bourchier">Lady Anne Bourchier</a> (annulled)<br /><a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_Parr,_Marchioness_of_Northampton" class="mw-redirect" title="Elisabeth Parr, Marchioness of Northampton">Elisabeth Brooke</a> (considered bigamous)<br /><a href="/wiki/Helena,_Marchioness_of_Northampton" class="mw-redirect" title="Helena, Marchioness of Northampton">Helena Snakenborg</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Sir_Thomas_Parr" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Thomas Parr">Sir Thomas Parr</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mother</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Maud_Green" title="Maud Green">Maud Green</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_William_Parr,_1st_Baron_Parr-of_Kendal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Coat_of_Arms_of_William_Parr%2C_1st_Baron_Parr-of_Kendal.svg/220px-Coat_of_Arms_of_William_Parr%2C_1st_Baron_Parr-of_Kendal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Coat_of_Arms_of_William_Parr%2C_1st_Baron_Parr-of_Kendal.svg/330px-Coat_of_Arms_of_William_Parr%2C_1st_Baron_Parr-of_Kendal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Coat_of_Arms_of_William_Parr%2C_1st_Baron_Parr-of_Kendal.svg/440px-Coat_of_Arms_of_William_Parr%2C_1st_Baron_Parr-of_Kendal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="541" /></a><figcaption>Arms of Parr: <i>Argent, two bars azure a bordure engrailed sable</i></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Sir_William_Parr,_Marquess_of_Northampton,_KG.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Coat_of_arms_of_Sir_William_Parr%2C_Marquess_of_Northampton%2C_KG.png/220px-Coat_of_arms_of_Sir_William_Parr%2C_Marquess_of_Northampton%2C_KG.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Coat_of_arms_of_Sir_William_Parr%2C_Marquess_of_Northampton%2C_KG.png/330px-Coat_of_arms_of_Sir_William_Parr%2C_Marquess_of_Northampton%2C_KG.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Coat_of_arms_of_Sir_William_Parr%2C_Marquess_of_Northampton%2C_KG.png/440px-Coat_of_arms_of_Sir_William_Parr%2C_Marquess_of_Northampton%2C_KG.png 2x" data-file-width="1158" data-file-height="1158" /></a><figcaption>Quartered arms of Sir William Parr, Marquess of Northampton, KG, displaying his ancestry</figcaption></figure> <p><b>William Parr, Marquess of Northampton, Earl of Essex, 1st Baron Parr, 1st Baron Hart</b> <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Knight_of_the_Order_of_the_Garter" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight of the Order of the Garter">KG</a></span></span> (14 August 1513 – 28 October 1571), was the only brother of Queen <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Parr" title="Catherine Parr">Catherine Parr</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Wives_of_Henry_VIII" title="Wives of Henry VIII">sixth and final wife</a> of King <a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII" title="Henry VIII">Henry VIII</a>. He was a "sincere, plain, direct man, not crafty nor involved", whose "delight was music and poetry and his exercise war" who co-authored<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a treatise on <a href="/wiki/Hare_coursing" title="Hare coursing">hare coursing</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was in favour with Henry VIII and his son <a href="/wiki/Edward_VI" title="Edward VI">Edward VI</a>, under whom he was the leader of the Protestant party,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but having supported the desire of the latter to be succeeded by the Protestant <a href="/wiki/Lady_Jane_Grey" title="Lady Jane Grey">Lady Jane Grey</a>, was attainted by Edward's Catholic half-sister, Queen <a href="/wiki/Mary_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary I">Mary I</a>. He was restored by her Protestant half-sister, Queen <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_I" title="Elizabeth I">Elizabeth I</a>. He married thrice but died without issue. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origins">Origins</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Parr,_Marquess_of_Northampton&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He was the only son and heir of the courtier <a href="/wiki/Sir_Thomas_Parr" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Thomas Parr">Sir Thomas Parr</a> (d. 1517) of <a href="/wiki/Kendal" title="Kendal">Kendal</a> in Westmorland, by his wife <a href="/wiki/Maud_Green" title="Maud Green">Maud Green</a> (d. 1531) a daughter and co-heiress of <a href="/wiki/Sir_Thomas_Green" title="Sir Thomas Green">Sir Thomas Green</a> of Boughton and <a href="/wiki/Greens_Norton" title="Greens Norton">Greens Norton</a> in Northamptonshire. His younger sister was <a href="/wiki/Anne_Parr,_Countess_of_Pembroke" class="mw-redirect" title="Anne Parr, Countess of Pembroke">Anne Parr</a> (1515–1552) wife of <a href="/wiki/William_Herbert,_1st_Earl_of_Pembroke_(died_1570)" title="William Herbert, 1st Earl of Pembroke (died 1570)">William Herbert, 1st Earl of Pembroke</a> (c.1501–1570). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Parr,_Marquess_of_Northampton&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>His father died in 1517 when William was aged 4 and he became a <a href="/wiki/Wardship" class="mw-redirect" title="Wardship">ward</a> of King Henry VIII, from whom his mother re-purchased his marriage, at great expense.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Parr took part in suppressing the rising in the North of England in 1537, when he attracted the favourable notice of <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Howard,_3rd_Duke_of_Norfolk" title="Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk">Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk</a> (uncle of both Queen <a href="/wiki/Anne_Boleyn" title="Anne Boleyn">Anne Boleyn</a> and Queen <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Howard" title="Catherine Howard">Catherine Howard</a>), encouraging his uncle Sir <a href="/wiki/William_Parr,_1st_Baron_Parr_of_Horton" title="William Parr, 1st Baron Parr of Horton">William Parr</a> (c.1483–1547) of Horton, Northamptonshire, to obtain a place for him as a courtier in the king's <a href="/wiki/Privy_chamber" title="Privy chamber">privy chamber</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After serving as a <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of Parliament">Member of Parliament</a> for <a href="/wiki/Northamptonshire" title="Northamptonshire">Northamptonshire</a> he was created Baron Parr ("of Kendal"<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) in 1539. On 23 April 1543, he became a Knight of the Garter. On 23 December 1543, just after his sister had married the king, he was created <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Essex" title="Earl of Essex">Earl of Essex</a>, a title held by his late father-in-law <a href="/wiki/Henry_Bourchier,_2nd_Earl_of_Essex" title="Henry Bourchier, 2nd Earl of Essex">Henry Bourchier, 2nd Earl of Essex</a>, who had died without male issue in March 1540.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1544 he joined the <a href="/wiki/Privy_Council_of_England" title="Privy Council of England">Privy Council</a> attending the first meeting on 5 February 1544.<sup id="cite_ref-Moore_HVIII_PC_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moore_HVIII_PC-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He was King <a href="/wiki/Edward_VI" title="Edward VI">Edward VI</a>'s "beloved uncle" (in fact step-uncle, being the brother of that king's step-mother) and one of the most important men at Edward's court, and the leader of the Protestant party, especially during the time of <a href="/wiki/John_Dudley,_1st_Duke_of_Northumberland" title="John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland">John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland</a>'s time as leader of the government. Parr served as <a href="/wiki/Lord_Lieutenant" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Lieutenant">Lord Lieutenant</a> in 1549 of five of the eastern counties (Cambridgeshire, Huntingdonshire, Bedfordshire, Northamptonshire and Norfolk), of Surrey in 1551, of Berkshire and Oxfordshire in 1552 and of Hertfordshire and Buckinghamshire in 1553. He served as <a href="/wiki/Lord_Great_Chamberlain" title="Lord Great Chamberlain">Lord Great Chamberlain</a> from 1550 to 1553, in which role in 1551 he welcomed <a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Guise" title="Mary of Guise">Mary of Guise</a>, Regent of Scotland, to <a href="/wiki/Hampton_Court_Palace" title="Hampton Court Palace">Hampton Court Palace</a> on behalf of the King.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Parr, and especially his wife, were leaders in the attempt to put the Protestant <a href="/wiki/Lady_Jane_Grey" title="Lady Jane Grey">Lady Jane Grey</a> (daughter-in-law of Northumberland) on the throne after Edward's death (as that king had desired) in place of the other contender his half-sister the Roman Catholic Queen Mary. However his attempt failed and after the accession of <a href="/wiki/Mary_I_of_England" title="Mary I of England">Mary I</a> in 1553 he was convicted of <a href="/wiki/High_treason" class="mw-redirect" title="High treason">high treason</a>, was <a href="/wiki/Attainder" title="Attainder">attainted</a> and sentenced to death on 18 August 1553. However he was released within a few months and following the accession of the Protestant Queen <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_I_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth I of England">Elizabeth I</a>, his titles were restored in 1559.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He became a Knight of the Garter again on 24 April 1559. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Marriages">Marriages<span class="anchor" id="Marquis_of_Northampton's_Marriage_Act_1551"></span><span class="anchor" id="Marquis_of_Northampton's_Marriage_Confirmation_Repeal_Act_1553"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Parr,_Marquess_of_Northampton&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Marriages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He married thrice but produced no issue: </p> <ul><li>Firstly, on 9 February 1527 (aged 13) at the chapel of the manor of <a href="/wiki/Stanstead,_Suffolk" title="Stanstead, Suffolk">Stanstead</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in Essex, to <a href="/wiki/Anne_Bourchier,_7th_Baroness_Bourchier" title="Anne Bourchier, 7th Baroness Bourchier">Anne Bourchier, <i>suo jure</i> 7th Baroness Bourchier</a> (d. 26 January 1571), only child and heiress of <a href="/wiki/Henry_Bourchier,_2nd_Earl_of_Essex" title="Henry Bourchier, 2nd Earl of Essex">Henry Bourchier, 2nd Earl of Essex</a> (d. 1540). Parr's mother had expended great sums to arrange the marriage, as she noted in her will.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1542, she eloped from him, stating that "she would live as she lusted".<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 17 April 1543, their marriage was <a href="/wiki/Annullment" class="mw-redirect" title="Annullment">annulled</a> by an <a href="/wiki/Act_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Act of Parliament">Act of Parliament</a> and any of her children "born during esposels between Lord and Lady Parr"<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> were declared bastards. Parr also obtained his ex-wife's lands and was he was created <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Essex" title="Earl of Essex">Earl of Essex</a> on 23 December 1543. She predeceased Parr by only 9 months, having been awarded after her divorce a few of her father's former estates by Queen Mary.</li> <li>Secondly, in 1548, he married <a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_Brooke,_Marchioness_of_Northampton" title="Elisabeth Brooke, Marchioness of Northampton">Elisabeth Brooke</a> (1526–1565), a daughter of <a href="/wiki/George_Brooke,_9th_Baron_Cobham" title="George Brooke, 9th Baron Cobham">George Brooke, 9th Baron Cobham</a> of <a href="/wiki/Cobham_Hall" title="Cobham Hall">Cobham Hall</a> in Kent, by his wife Anne Bray. Their marriage was declared valid in 1548, invalid in 1553, and valid again in 1558.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Salisbury_Cathedral_(St._Mary)_(14674778559).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Salisbury_Cathedral_%28St._Mary%29_%2814674778559%29.jpg/220px-Salisbury_Cathedral_%28St._Mary%29_%2814674778559%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Salisbury_Cathedral_%28St._Mary%29_%2814674778559%29.jpg/330px-Salisbury_Cathedral_%28St._Mary%29_%2814674778559%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Salisbury_Cathedral_%28St._Mary%29_%2814674778559%29.jpg/440px-Salisbury_Cathedral_%28St._Mary%29_%2814674778559%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3056" data-file-height="4592" /></a><figcaption>Monument and effigies, in <a href="/wiki/Salisbury_Cathedral" title="Salisbury Cathedral">Salisbury Cathedral</a>, Wiltshire, of Sir <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Gorges" title="Thomas Gorges">Thomas Gorges</a> (1536-1610) of <a href="/wiki/Longford_Castle" title="Longford Castle">Longford Castle</a> and his wife <a href="/wiki/Helena_Snakenborg" title="Helena Snakenborg">Helena Snakenborg</a> (d.1635), third wife and widow of William Parr, Marquess of Northampton</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Thirdly, in May 1571 (five months before his death), he married <a href="/wiki/Helena_Snakenborg" title="Helena Snakenborg">Helena Snakenborg</a> (d. 1635), First Lady of the Privy Chamber to Queen Elizabeth I, who had come to England from Sweden in 1565 in the train of <a href="/wiki/Princess_Cecilia_of_Sweden" title="Princess Cecilia of Sweden">Cecilia, Margravine of Baden</a>. In 1580, she remarried to Sir <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Gorges" title="Thomas Gorges">Thomas Gorges</a> (1536-1610) of <a href="/wiki/Longford_Castle" title="Longford Castle">Longford Castle</a> in Wiltshire, by whom she had issue, and was buried with her husband in <a href="/wiki/Salisbury_Cathedral" title="Salisbury Cathedral">Salisbury Cathedral</a>, Wiltshire, where survives their impressive monument with recumbent effigies.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death_and_burial">Death and burial</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Parr,_Marquess_of_Northampton&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Death and burial"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:William_Parr,_1st_Marquess_of_Northampton.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/William_Parr%2C_1st_Marquess_of_Northampton.jpg/220px-William_Parr%2C_1st_Marquess_of_Northampton.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/William_Parr%2C_1st_Marquess_of_Northampton.jpg/330px-William_Parr%2C_1st_Marquess_of_Northampton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/William_Parr%2C_1st_Marquess_of_Northampton.jpg/440px-William_Parr%2C_1st_Marquess_of_Northampton.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ledger_stone" title="Ledger stone">Ledger stone</a> of William Parr, Marquess of Northampton, <a href="/wiki/Collegiate_Church_of_St_Mary,_Warwick" title="Collegiate Church of St Mary, Warwick">Collegiate Church of St Mary, Warwick</a></figcaption></figure> <p>He died on 28 October 1571 at <a href="/wiki/Priory_Park,_Warwick" title="Priory Park, Warwick">Warwick Priory</a>, without issue, when his only surviving title of Marquess of Northampton became extinct. He was buried in the chancel of the <a href="/wiki/Collegiate_Church_of_St_Mary,_Warwick" title="Collegiate Church of St Mary, Warwick">Collegiate Church of St Mary, Warwick</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Queen <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_I_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth I of England">Elizabeth I</a> paid for his funeral and burial. His surviving <a href="/wiki/Ledger_stone" title="Ledger stone">ledger stone</a> is inscribed: <i>William Parr, Marquis of Northampton; Died in Warwick 28 October 1571. [Buried] with the ceremonial due [of a] Knight of the Garter to the Order of Queen Elizabeth who bore the expense of the funeral, 2 December 1571.</i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Parr,_Marquess_of_Northampton&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attainder_of_Duke_of_Northumberland_and_others_Act_1553" title="Attainder of Duke of Northumberland and others Act 1553">Attainder of Duke of Northumberland and others Act 1553</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Parr,_Marquess_of_Northampton&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">with <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Howard,_3rd_Duke_of_Norfolk" title="Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk">Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">G. E. Cokayne, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Complete_Peerage" title="The Complete Peerage">The Complete Peerage</a></i>, n.s., Vol.IX, p.674</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">G. E. Cokayne, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Complete_Peerage" title="The Complete Peerage">The Complete Peerage</a></i>, n.s., Vol.IX, p.671</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">G. E. Cokayne, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Complete_Peerage" title="The Complete Peerage">The Complete Peerage</a></i>, n.s., IX, p.672, note (a)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">G. E. Cokayne, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Complete_Peerage" title="The Complete Peerage">The Complete Peerage</a></i>, n.s., Vol.IX, p.669, note d</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Styled "of Kendal", but not in <a href="/wiki/Letters_patent" title="Letters patent">patent</a> (G. E. Cokayne, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Complete_Peerage" title="The Complete Peerage">The Complete Peerage</a></i>, n.s., IX, p.669, note g)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EB1911-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Northampton, Earls and Marquesses of"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Northampton,_Earls_and_Marquesses_of">"Northampton, Earls and Marquesses of" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 19 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 766.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Northampton%2C+Earls+and+Marquesses+of&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=766&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Parr%2C+Marquess+of+Northampton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Moore_HVIII_PC-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Moore_HVIII_PC_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoore1982" class="citation book cs1">Moore, Alan G. (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholarworks.wm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4349&context=etd#:~:text=The%20Privy%20Councillors%2C%20straddling%20the,the%20principal%20officers%20of%20state."><i>The politics and composition of Henry VIII's privy council 1540--1547</i></a>. Williamsburg, Virginia: William and Mary Scholarly Works.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+politics+and+composition+of+Henry+VIII%27s+privy+council+1540--1547&rft.place=Williamsburg%2C+Virginia&rft.pub=William+and+Mary+Scholarly+Works&rft.date=1982&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=Alan+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscholarworks.wm.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D4349%26context%3Detd%23%3A~%3Atext%3DThe%2520Privy%2520Councillors%252C%2520straddling%2520the%2Cthe%2520principal%2520officers%2520of%2520state.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Parr%2C+Marquess+of+Northampton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/middx/vol2/pp327-371">"Spelthorne Hundred: Hampton Court Palace, history Pages 327-371 A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 2, General; Ashford, East Bedfont With Hatton, Feltham, Hampton With Hampton Wick, Hanworth, Laleham, Littleton. Originally published by Victoria County History, London, 1911"</a>. <i>British History Online</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+History+Online&rft.atitle=Spelthorne+Hundred%3A+Hampton+Court+Palace%2C+history+Pages+327-371+A+History+of+the+County+of+Middlesex%3A+Volume+2%2C+General%3B+Ashford%2C+East+Bedfont+With+Hatton%2C+Feltham%2C+Hampton+With+Hampton+Wick%2C+Hanworth%2C+Laleham%2C+Littleton.+Originally+published+by+Victoria+County+History%2C+London%2C+1911.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.british-history.ac.uk%2Fvch%2Fmiddx%2Fvol2%2Fpp327-371&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Parr%2C+Marquess+of+Northampton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">G. E. Cokayne, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Complete_Peerage" title="The Complete Peerage">The Complete Peerage</a></i>, n.s., Vol.IX, pp.671-2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">G. E. Cokayne, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Complete_Peerage" title="The Complete Peerage">The Complete Peerage</a></i>, n.s., IX, p.672, note a</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">G. E. Cokayne, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Complete_Peerage" title="The Complete Peerage">The Complete Peerage</a></i>, n.s., Vol.IX, p.672, note (b)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">G. E. Cokayne, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Complete_Peerage" title="The Complete Peerage">The Complete Peerage</a></i>, n.s., Vol.IX, p.672, note (b)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">G. E. Cokayne, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Complete_Peerage" title="The Complete Peerage">The Complete Peerage</a></i>, n.s., Vol.IX, pp.673-4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">'Warter – Warwick-Bridge', A Topographical Dictionary of England (1848), pp. 475–482. URL: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=51379&strquery=william+parr">http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=51379&strquery=william+parr</a> Date. Retrieved 28 May 2011.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Parr,_Marquess_of_Northampton&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output 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ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:William_Parr,_Marquess_of_Northampton" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:William Parr, Marquess of Northampton">William Parr, Marquess of Northampton</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://en.m.wikisource.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography,_1885-1900/Parr,_William_(1513-1571)">Dictionary of National Biography: Parr, William (1513-1571)</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Russell,_2nd_Earl_of_Bedford" title="Francis Russell, 2nd Earl of Bedford">The Earl of Bedford</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Lord_Lieutenant_of_Buckinghamshire" title="Lord Lieutenant of Buckinghamshire">Lord Lieutenant of Buckinghamshire</a> </b><br />1553–1559 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Howard,_4th_Duke_of_Norfolk" title="Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk">The Duke of Norfolk</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFF157;">Honorary titles </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Braye,_2nd_Baron_Braye" title="John Braye, 2nd Baron Braye">The Lord Braye</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Captain_of_the_Gentlemen_Pensioners" class="mw-redirect" title="Captain of the Gentlemen Pensioners">Captain of the Gentlemen Pensioners</a> </b><br />1550–1553 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Radclyffe,_3rd_Earl_of_Sussex" title="Thomas Radclyffe, 3rd Earl of Sussex">The Earl of Sussex</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div 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class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd1024473902.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/1024473902">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w65x6hf0">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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