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href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>登录</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="更多选项" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="个人工具" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">个人工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=zh-hans"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-歷史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#歷史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>歷史</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-歷史-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关歷史子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-歷史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-起源及歷史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#起源及歷史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>起源及歷史</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-起源及歷史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-擴展" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#擴展"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>擴展</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-擴展-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-威尼斯沒落" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#威尼斯沒落"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>威尼斯沒落</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-威尼斯沒落-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-陸軍及海軍" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#陸軍及海軍"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>陸軍及海軍</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-陸軍及海軍-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-現代" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#現代"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>現代</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-現代-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-地理" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#地理"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>地理</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-地理-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关地理子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-地理-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-地層下陷" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#地層下陷"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>地層下陷</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-地層下陷-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-地基" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#地基"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>地基</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-地基-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-氣候" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#氣候"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>氣候</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-氣候-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-水患" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#水患"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>水患</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-水患-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-人口" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#人口"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>人口</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-人口-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关人口子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-人口-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-宗教" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#宗教"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>宗教</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-宗教-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-語言" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#語言"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>語言</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-語言-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-區域劃分" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#區域劃分"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>區域劃分</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-區域劃分-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-經濟" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#經濟"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>經濟</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-經濟-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关經濟子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-經濟-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-旅遊業" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#旅遊業"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>旅遊業</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-旅遊業-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-農業和漁業" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#農業和漁業"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>農業和漁業</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-農業和漁業-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-交通" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#交通"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>交通</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-交通-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关交通子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-交通-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-貢多拉" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#貢多拉"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>貢多拉</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-貢多拉-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-機場" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#機場"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>機場</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-機場-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-建築" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#建築"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>建築</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-建築-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关建築子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-建築-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-世界遺產" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#世界遺產"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>世界遺產</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-世界遺產-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-廣場" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#廣場"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>廣場</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-廣場-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-教堂" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#教堂"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>教堂</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-教堂-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-宮殿及府邸" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#宮殿及府邸"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>宮殿及府邸</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-宮殿及府邸-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-公寓" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#公寓"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>公寓</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-公寓-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-博物館和圖書館" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#博物館和圖書館"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.6</span> <span>博物館和圖書館</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-博物館和圖書館-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-橋樑" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#橋樑"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.7</span> <span>橋樑</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-橋樑-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外島" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外島"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.8</span> <span>外島</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外島-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-文化" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#文化"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>文化</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-文化-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关文化子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-文化-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-文學" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#文學"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>文學</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-文學-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-繪畫" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#繪畫"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>繪畫</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-繪畫-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-音樂" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#音樂"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>音樂</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-音樂-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-印刷業" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#印刷業"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>印刷業</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-印刷業-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-慶典" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#慶典"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.5</span> <span>慶典</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-慶典-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-時尚與購物" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#時尚與購物"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.6</span> <span>時尚與購物</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-時尚與購物-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-著名人物" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#著名人物"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>著名人物</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-著名人物-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-友好城市" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#友好城市"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>友好城市</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-友好城市-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关友好城市子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-友好城市-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-姐妹城市" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#姐妹城市"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>姐妹城市</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-姐妹城市-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-合作協議" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#合作協議"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>合作協議</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-合作協議-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-注释" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#注释"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>注释</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-注释-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考資料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考資料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>參考資料</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考資料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-延伸閱讀" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#延伸閱讀"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>延伸閱讀</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-延伸閱讀-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关延伸閱讀子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-延伸閱讀-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-研究" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#研究"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.1</span> <span>研究</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-研究-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-歷史記錄" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#歷史記錄"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.2</span> <span>歷史記錄</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-歷史記錄-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-文化_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#文化_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.3</span> <span>文化</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-文化_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-其他" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#其他"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.4</span> <span>其他</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-其他-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>外部連結</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">威尼斯</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。177种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-177" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">177种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%BF%D0%B0" title="Уанаҿа – 阿布哈西亚语" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Уанаҿа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="阿布哈西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venesi%C3%AB" title="Venesië – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Venesië" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venedig" title="Venedig – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Venedig" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%AC%E1%8A%92%E1%88%B5" title="ቬኒስ – 阿姆哈拉语" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ቬኒስ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="阿姆哈拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venecia" title="Venecia – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Venecia" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venetia" title="Venetia – 古英语" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Venetia" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="古英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="البندقية – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="البندقية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A4%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="ڤينيسيا – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ڤينيسيا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venecia" title="Venecia – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Venecia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezia" title="Venezia – 艾马拉语" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Venezia" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="艾马拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venesiya" title="Venesiya – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Venesiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B2" title="ونیز – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ونیز" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Венеция – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Венеция" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A9nesia" title="Vénesia – 巴厘语" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Vénesia" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="巴厘语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venedig" title="Venedig – 巴伐利亞文" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Venedig" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="巴伐利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venice" title="Venice – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Venice" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Венецыя – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Венецыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Вэнэцыя – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Вэнэцыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Венеция – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Венеция" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8" title="ভেনিস – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ভেনিস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%9D%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%9F%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A1%E0%BC%8D" title="ཝེ་ནེ་ཟི་ཡ། – 藏语" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཝེ་ནེ་ཟི་ཡ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="藏语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezia" title="Venezia – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Venezia" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venecija" title="Venecija – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Venecija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ven%C3%A8cia" title="Venècia – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Venècia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Венеци – 车臣语" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Венеци" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="车臣语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezia_(munisipyo_sa_Italya)" title="Venezia (munisipyo sa Italya) – 宿务语" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Venezia (munisipyo sa Italya)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="宿务语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A4%DB%8E%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B2" title="ڤێنیز – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڤێنیز" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezia" title="Venezia – 科西嘉语" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Venezia" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="科西嘉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venedik" title="Venedik – 克里米亚鞑靼语" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Venedik" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="克里米亚鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben%C3%A1tky" title="Benátky – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Benátky" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wenecj%C3%B4" title="Wenecjô – 卡舒比语" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Wenecjô" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="卡舒比语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Венеци – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Венеци" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenis" title="Fenis – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Fenis" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venedig" title="Venedig – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Venedig" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venedig" title="Venedig – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Venedig" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venedik" title="Venedik – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Venedik" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Βενετία – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βενετία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ven%C3%AAzia" title="Venêzia – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Venêzia" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venice" title="Venice – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Venice" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venecio" title="Venecio – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Venecio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venecia" title="Venecia – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Venecia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veneetsia" title="Veneetsia – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Veneetsia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezia" title="Venezia – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Venezia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venecia" title="Venecia – 埃斯特雷馬杜拉文" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Venecia" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="埃斯特雷馬杜拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B2" title="ونیز – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ونیز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venetsia" title="Venetsia – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Venetsia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venesia" title="Venesia – 法罗语" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Venesia" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="法罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venise" title="Venise – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Venise" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A8nisa" title="Vènisa – 法蘭克-普羅旺斯文" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Vènisa" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="法蘭克-普羅旺斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venedig" title="Venedig – 北弗里西亚语" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Venedig" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vignesie" title="Vignesie – 弗留利语" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Vignesie" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="弗留利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feneesje_(st%C3%AAd)" title="Feneesje (stêd) – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Feneesje (stêd)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Vein%C3%A9is" title="An Veinéis – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Veinéis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezia" title="Venezia – 苏格兰盖尔语" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Venezia" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="苏格兰盖尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venecia" title="Venecia – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Venecia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ven%C3%A9sia" title="Venésia – 瓜拉尼语" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Venésia" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="瓜拉尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezia" title="Venezia – 豪萨语" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Venezia" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="豪萨语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezia" title="Venezia – 客家语" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Venezia" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="客家语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%94" title="ונציה – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ונציה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8" title="वेनिस – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="वेनिस" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venecija" title="Venecija – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Venecija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velence_(Olaszorsz%C3%A1g)" title="Velence (Olaszország) – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Velence (Olaszország)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%AF" title="Վենետիկ – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վենետիկ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%AF" title="Վենետիկ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Վենետիկ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venetia" title="Venetia – 国际语" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Venetia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="国际语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venesia" title="Venesia – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Venesia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezia" title="Venezia – 国际文字（E）" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Venezia" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="国际文字（E）" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezia" title="Venezia – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Venezia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feneyjar" title="Feneyjar – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Feneyjar" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezia" title="Venezia – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Venezia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A7%E3%83%8D%E3%83%84%E3%82%A3%E3%82%A2" title="ヴェネツィア – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヴェネツィア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venesia" title="Venesia – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Venesia" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ვენეცია – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვენეცია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veneciya" title="Veneciya – 卡拉卡尔帕克语" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Veneciya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="卡拉卡尔帕克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinisya" title="Vinisya – 卡拜尔语" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Vinisya" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="卡拜尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feeniizi" title="Feeniizi – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Feeniizi" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venesia" title="Venesia – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Venesia" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Венеция – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Венеция" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8C" title="ವೆನಿಸ್‌ – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ವೆನಿಸ್‌" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B2%A0%EB%84%A4%EC%B9%98%EC%95%84" title="베네치아 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="베네치아" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vened%C3%AEk" title="Venedîk – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Venedîk" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Венеция – 科米语" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Венеция" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="科米语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venis" title="Venis – 康沃尔语" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Venis" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="康沃尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Венеция – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Венеция" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venetiae" title="Venetiae – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Venetiae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezia" title="Venezia – 拉迪诺语" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Venezia" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="拉迪诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venedeg" title="Venedeg – 卢森堡语" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Venedeg" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="卢森堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezia" title="Venezia – 新共同語言" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Venezia" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="新共同語言" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veneti%C3%AB" title="Venetië – 林堡语" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Venetië" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venessia" title="Venessia – 利古里亚语" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Venessia" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="利古里亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unieja" title="Unieja – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Unieja" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ven%C3%A8zia" title="Venèzia – 倫巴底文" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Venèzia" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="倫巴底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%AA" title="ເວນີສ – 老挝语" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ເວນີສ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="老挝语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venecija" title="Venecija – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Venecija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ven%C4%93cija" title="Venēcija – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Venēcija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8" title="भेनिस – 迈蒂利语" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="भेनिस" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="迈蒂利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezia" title="Venezia – 马拉加斯语" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Venezia" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="马拉加斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Венеций – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Венеций" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Венеција – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Венеција" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="വെനീസ് – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വെനീസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86" title="Венец – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Венец" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%9A%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%81" title="ꯚꯦꯅꯤꯁ – 曼尼普尔语" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯚꯦꯅꯤꯁ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="曼尼普尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8" title="व्हेनिस – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="व्हेनिस" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venice" title="Venice – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Venice" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezja" title="Venezja – 马耳他语" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Venezja" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="马耳他语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%97%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7" title="ဗင်းနစ်မြို့ – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဗင်းနစ်မြို့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D1%88" title="Венеция ош – 厄尔兹亚语" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Венеция ош" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="厄尔兹亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B2" title="ونیز – 马赞德兰语" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ونیز" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="马赞德兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezia" title="Venezia – 那不勒斯语" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Venezia" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="那不勒斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venies" title="Venies – 低萨克森语" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Venies" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="低萨克森语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8" title="भेनिस – 尼泊尔语" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="भेनिस" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8" title="भेनिस – 尼瓦尔语" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="भेनिस" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="尼瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veneti%C3%AB_(stad)" title="Venetië (stad) – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Venetië (stad)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezia" title="Venezia – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Venezia" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezia" title="Venezia – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Venezia" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%27nise" title="V'nise – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="V'nise" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ven%C3%A8cia" title="Venècia – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Venècia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Венеци – 奥塞梯语" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Венеци" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="奥塞梯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8" title="ਵੈਨਿਸ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਵੈਨਿਸ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezia" title="Venezia – 帕皮阿门托语" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Venezia" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="帕皮阿门托语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venise" title="Venise – 庇卡底文" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Venise" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="庇卡底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wenecja" title="Wenecja – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wenecja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venessia" title="Venessia – 皮埃蒙特文" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Venessia" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="皮埃蒙特文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B3" title="وینس – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="وینس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%90%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B3" title="وېنيس – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="وېنيس" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veneza" title="Veneza – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Veneza" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezia" title="Venezia – 克丘亚语" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Venezia" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="克丘亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vene%C8%9Bia" title="Veneția – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Veneția" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezie" title="Venezie – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Venezie" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Венеция – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Венеция" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Венеція – 盧森尼亞文" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Венеція" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="盧森尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8" title="वेनिस – 梵语" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="वेनिस" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="梵语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Венеция – 萨哈语" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Венеция" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="萨哈语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venetzia" title="Venetzia – 萨丁语" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Venetzia" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="萨丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinezzia" title="Vinezzia – 西西里语" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Vinezzia" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venice" title="Venice – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Venice" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venecija" title="Venecija – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Venecija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venice" title="Venice – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Venice" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben%C3%A1tky" title="Benátky – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Benátky" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benetke" title="Benetke – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Benetke" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venetsia" title="Venetsia – 伊纳里萨米语" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Venetsia" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="伊纳里萨米语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venice" title="Venice – 索马里语" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Venice" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="索马里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venediku" title="Venediku – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Venediku" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Венеција – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Венеција" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A9n%C3%A9sia" title="Vénésia – 巽他语" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Vénésia" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venedig" title="Venedig – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Venedig" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezia" title="Venezia – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Venezia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wynecyjo" title="Wynecyjo – 西里西亚语" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Wynecyjo" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="西里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wi-nis_%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF" title="Wi-nis 威尼斯 – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Wi-nis 威尼斯" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="வெனிசு – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வெனிசு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" title="వెనిస్ – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="వెనిస్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Венетсия – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Венетсия" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA" title="เวนิส – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เวนิส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venecia" title="Venecia – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Venecia" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venesij%C9%99" title="Venesijə – 塔里什文" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Venesijə" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="塔里什文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venedik" title="Venedik – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Venedik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Венеция – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Венеция" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezia" title="Venezia – 契维语" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Venezia" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="契维语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Венеция – 乌德穆尔特语" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Венеция" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="乌德穆尔特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%A9nitsiye" title="Wénitsiye – 维吾尔语" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="Wénitsiye" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="维吾尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Венеція – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Венеція" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B3" title="وینس – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="وینس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venetsiya" title="Venetsiya – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Venetsiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venesia" title="Venesia – 威尼斯语" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Venesia" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="威尼斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venecii" title="Venecii – 维普森语" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Venecii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="维普森语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezia" title="Venezia – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Venezia" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veneti%C3%AB" title="Venetië – 西佛蘭德文" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Venetië" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="西佛蘭德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezia" title="Venezia – 沃拉普克语" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Venezia" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="沃拉普克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venesya" title="Venesya – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Venesya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF" title="威尼斯 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="威尼斯" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IVenice" title="IVenice – 科萨语" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="IVenice" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="科萨语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ვენეცია – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ვენეცია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%A0%D7%A2%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%A2" title="ווענעציע – 意第绪语" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ווענעציע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第绪语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veneti%C3%AB" title="Venetië – 西蘭文" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Venetië" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="西蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF" title="威尼斯 – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="威尼斯" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="文言文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezia" title="Venezia – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Venezia" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF" title="威尼斯 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="威尼斯" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q641#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> 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</div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-noteTA-992a6ff2" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span title="本页使用了标题或全文手工转换"><img alt="本页使用了标题或全文手工转换" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/35px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/53px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/70px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84833064">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></a></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74069148">body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .ifmobile>.mobile{display:none}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .ifmobile>.nomobile{display:inherit;display:initial}</style><span class="ifmobile"><span class="nomobile">  </span><span class="mobile"></span></span>关于历史上的同名国家，請見「<b><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="威尼斯共和国">威尼斯共和国</a></b>」。</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote 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class="noteTA-local"><div data-noteta-code="zh-tw:麗都;zh-cn:利多;"></div><div data-noteta-code="zh-tw:韋瓦第;zh-cn:维瓦尔第;"></div><div data-noteta-code="zh-tw:羅德岱堡;zh-cn:劳Cancel德代尔堡;"></div></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67735281">body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox table{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox caption{display:table-caption}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732082">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox geography vcard" style="width:23em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:1.25em; white-space:nowrap"><span class="fn org">威尼斯</span><br /><span class="nickname" lang="it"><span lang="it">Venezia</span></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="background-color:#cddeff; font-weight:bold;"><span class="category"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%82%E9%95%87_(%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9)" title="市镇 (意大利)">市镇</a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=";font-weight:bold;">威尼斯自治市<br /><span lang="it">Comune di Venezia</span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r70089473/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:287px;max-width:287px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:285px;max-width:285px"><div class="thumbimage" style=";height:113px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Piazza_San_Marco_at_Dawn,_Venice_(21358879396).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="圣马可广场" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Piazza_San_Marco_at_Dawn%2C_Venice_%2821358879396%29.jpg/283px-Piazza_San_Marco_at_Dawn%2C_Venice_%2821358879396%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="283" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Piazza_San_Marco_at_Dawn%2C_Venice_%2821358879396%29.jpg/425px-Piazza_San_Marco_at_Dawn%2C_Venice_%2821358879396%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Piazza_San_Marco_at_Dawn%2C_Venice_%2821358879396%29.jpg/566px-Piazza_San_Marco_at_Dawn%2C_Venice_%2821358879396%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="9878" data-file-height="3954" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:92px;max-width:92px"><div class="thumbimage" style=";height:59px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Canal_Grande_Aug_2020_9.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="威尼斯市景" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Canal_Grande_Aug_2020_9.jpg/90px-Canal_Grande_Aug_2020_9.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Canal_Grande_Aug_2020_9.jpg/135px-Canal_Grande_Aug_2020_9.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Canal_Grande_Aug_2020_9.jpg/180px-Canal_Grande_Aug_2020_9.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5464" data-file-height="3640" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:112px;max-width:112px"><div class="thumbimage" style=";height:59px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:View_of_the_Grand_Canal_from_Rialto_to_Ca%27Foscari.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="大运河" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/View_of_the_Grand_Canal_from_Rialto_to_Ca%27Foscari.jpg/110px-View_of_the_Grand_Canal_from_Rialto_to_Ca%27Foscari.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/View_of_the_Grand_Canal_from_Rialto_to_Ca%27Foscari.jpg/165px-View_of_the_Grand_Canal_from_Rialto_to_Ca%27Foscari.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/View_of_the_Grand_Canal_from_Rialto_to_Ca%27Foscari.jpg/220px-View_of_the_Grand_Canal_from_Rialto_to_Ca%27Foscari.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7360" data-file-height="4026" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:77px;max-width:77px"><div class="thumbimage" style=";height:59px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:La_Fenice_Opera_House_from_the_stage.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="凤凰剧院" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/La_Fenice_Opera_House_from_the_stage.jpg/75px-La_Fenice_Opera_House_from_the_stage.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/La_Fenice_Opera_House_from_the_stage.jpg/113px-La_Fenice_Opera_House_from_the_stage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/La_Fenice_Opera_House_from_the_stage.jpg/150px-La_Fenice_Opera_House_from_the_stage.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3724" data-file-height="2960" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:171px;max-width:171px"><div class="thumbimage" style=";height:122px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:San_Giorgio_Maggiore_-_Venice,_Italy_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="圣乔治·马焦雷岛" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/San_Giorgio_Maggiore_-_Venice%2C_Italy_-_panoramio.jpg/169px-San_Giorgio_Maggiore_-_Venice%2C_Italy_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="169" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/San_Giorgio_Maggiore_-_Venice%2C_Italy_-_panoramio.jpg/254px-San_Giorgio_Maggiore_-_Venice%2C_Italy_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/San_Giorgio_Maggiore_-_Venice%2C_Italy_-_panoramio.jpg/338px-San_Giorgio_Maggiore_-_Venice%2C_Italy_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1777" data-file-height="1280" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:112px;max-width:112px"><div class="thumbimage" style=";height:122px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ca%27_Loredan_Venice.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="羅雷丹宫" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Ca%27_Loredan_Venice.jpg/110px-Ca%27_Loredan_Venice.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Ca%27_Loredan_Venice.jpg/165px-Ca%27_Loredan_Venice.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Ca%27_Loredan_Venice.jpg/220px-Ca%27_Loredan_Venice.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1148" data-file-height="1280" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:199px;max-width:199px"><div class="thumbimage" style=";height:125px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Antonio_Contin_-_Ponte_dei_sospiri_(Venice).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="嘆息橋" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Antonio_Contin_-_Ponte_dei_sospiri_%28Venice%29.jpg/197px-Antonio_Contin_-_Ponte_dei_sospiri_%28Venice%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="197" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Antonio_Contin_-_Ponte_dei_sospiri_%28Venice%29.jpg/296px-Antonio_Contin_-_Ponte_dei_sospiri_%28Venice%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Antonio_Contin_-_Ponte_dei_sospiri_%28Venice%29.jpg/394px-Antonio_Contin_-_Ponte_dei_sospiri_%28Venice%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5958" data-file-height="3801" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:84px;max-width:84px"><div class="thumbimage" style=";height:125px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Venezia_-_Panorama_010,_Campanile_San_Marco.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="聖馬可鐘樓" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Venezia_-_Panorama_010%2C_Campanile_San_Marco.jpg/82px-Venezia_-_Panorama_010%2C_Campanile_San_Marco.jpg" decoding="async" width="82" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Venezia_-_Panorama_010%2C_Campanile_San_Marco.jpg/123px-Venezia_-_Panorama_010%2C_Campanile_San_Marco.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Venezia_-_Panorama_010%2C_Campanile_San_Marco.jpg/164px-Venezia_-_Panorama_010%2C_Campanile_San_Marco.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2432" data-file-height="3705" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div><div>從上方依序為：<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E9%A9%AC%E5%8F%AF%E5%B9%BF%E5%9C%BA" title="圣马可广场">圣马可广场</a>、威尼斯市景、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%BF%90%E6%B2%B3_(%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF)" title="大运河 (威尼斯)">大运河</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%E9%B3%B3%E5%87%B0%E5%8A%87%E9%99%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="威尼斯鳳凰劇院">凤凰剧院</a>内景以及<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%96%AC%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E9%A6%AC%E7%84%A6%E9%9B%B7%E5%B3%B6" title="聖喬治·馬焦雷島">圣乔治·马焦雷岛</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%9B%B7%E4%B8%B9%E5%AE%AB" title="羅雷丹宫">羅雷丹宫</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%98%86%E6%81%AF%E6%A9%8B" title="嘆息橋">嘆息橋</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E9%A6%AC%E5%8F%AF%E9%90%98%E6%A8%93" title="聖馬可鐘樓">聖馬可鐘樓</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable" style=""><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84040992">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Venice.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="威尼斯旗幟"><img alt="威尼斯旗幟" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Venice.svg/100px-Flag_of_Venice.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Venice.svg/150px-Flag_of_Venice.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Venice.svg/200px-Flag_of_Venice.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span><br /><small>旗幟</small></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CoA_Citt%C3%A0_di_Venezia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="威尼斯徽章"><img alt="威尼斯徽章" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/CoA_Citt%C3%A0_di_Venezia.svg/100px-CoA_Citt%C3%A0_di_Venezia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/CoA_Citt%C3%A0_di_Venezia.svg/150px-CoA_Citt%C3%A0_di_Venezia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/CoA_Citt%C3%A0_di_Venezia.svg/200px-CoA_Citt%C3%A0_di_Venezia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="392" /></a></span><br /><small>徽章</small></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r66786032">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Italy_provincial_location_map_2015.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="威尼斯在意大利的位置"><img alt="威尼斯在意大利的位置" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Italy_provincial_location_map_2015.svg/250px-Italy_provincial_location_map_2015.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="314" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Italy_provincial_location_map_2015.svg/375px-Italy_provincial_location_map_2015.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Italy_provincial_location_map_2015.svg/500px-Italy_provincial_location_map_2015.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1034" data-file-height="1299" /></a></span><div class="od notheme mw-no-invert" style="top:16.201%;left:47.906%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="威尼斯"><img alt="威尼斯" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="font-size:91%;width:6em;left:4px"><div>威尼斯</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"><small>威尼斯在意大利的位置</small></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="">坐标：<span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82757201">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language=zh&pagename=%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&params=45.4397_N_12.3319_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="此地的地图、航拍照片和其他数据"><span class="latitude">45°26′23″N</span> <span class="longitude">12°19′55″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="此地的地图、航拍照片和其他数据">45.4397°N 12.3319°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">45.4397; 12.3319</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">国家</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/22px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/33px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/44px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="義大利">義大利</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%8C%BA_(%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9)" title="大区 (意大利)">大区</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%89%98%E5%A4%A7%E5%8C%BA" title="威尼托大区">威尼托大区</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%81_(%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9)" title="省 (意大利)">省份</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BF%E5%9F%9F%E5%B8%82_(%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9)" title="广域市 (意大利)">广域市</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%B9%BF%E5%9F%9F%E5%B8%82" class="mw-redirect" title="威尼斯广域市">威尼斯广域市</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%8C%BA_(%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9)" title="分区 (意大利)">分區</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><b></b><small>奇里格那戈、法瓦罗威尼托、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%85%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E9%9B%B7" title="梅斯特雷">梅斯特雷</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89" title="馬格拉">马格拉</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E6%8B%89%E8%AF%BA%E5%B2%9B" title="穆拉诺岛">穆拉诺岛</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89%E8%AB%BE%E5%B3%B6" title="布拉諾島">布拉诺岛</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%B1%E4%BB%A3%E5%8D%A1%E5%B2%9B" title="朱代卡岛">朱代卡岛</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E5%A4%9A" title="利多">利多</a>、泽拉里诺</small></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left;">政府<span style="font-weight:normal"></span></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> • 市长</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%E5%90%89%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E9%B2%81%E6%A0%BC%E7%BA%B3%E7%BD%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="路易吉·布鲁格纳罗（页面不存在）">路易吉·布鲁格纳罗</a> （<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E5%8B%87%E6%B0%94%E5%85%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="意大利勇气党（页面不存在）">意大利勇气党</a>）</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left;">面积<span style="font-weight:normal"></span></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> • <span class="nowrap">总计</span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">414.57 平方公里（160.07 平方英里）</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">海拔<span style="font-weight:normal"></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1 公尺（3 英尺）</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left;">人口<span style="font-weight:normal">（2020）<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> • 總計</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">258,685人</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> • <a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E5%AF%86%E5%BA%A6" title="人口密度">密度</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">624人/平方公里（1,616人/平方英里）</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%BA%E5%9F%9F%E5%B1%85%E6%B0%91%E7%A7%B0%E8%B0%93%E8%AF%8D" title="区域居民称谓词">居民称谓</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">威尼斯人</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%B6%E5%8C%BA" title="时区">时区</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E4%B8%AD%E9%83%A8%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4" title="欧洲中部时间">CET</a>（<a href="/wiki/UTC%2B1" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+1">UTC+1</a>）</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> • <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E6%97%B6%E5%88%B6" title="夏时制">夏时制</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E4%B8%AD%E9%83%A8%E5%A4%8F%E4%BB%A4%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4" title="欧洲中部夏令时间">CEST</a>（<a href="/wiki/UTC%2B2" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+2">UTC+2</a>）</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">邮编</th><td class="infobox-data adr" style=""><span class="postal-code">30100</span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E7%94%B5%E8%AF%9D%E5%8C%BA%E5%8F%B7%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="意大利电话区号列表（页面不存在）">电话区号</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">041</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">主保圣人</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%94%E8%B0%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="圣马尔谷">圣马尔谷</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">主保庆日</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">4月25日</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">網站</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.comune.venezia.it/">官方网站</a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>威尼斯</b>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="義大利語">義大利語</a>：<span lang="it">Venezia</span>（<small></small><span title="Pronunciation in IPA" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E8%AA%9E%E7%99%BC%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:國際音標義大利語發音">[veˈnɛttsja]</a></span> <span class="nowrap" style="font-size:85%">（<span class="unicode haudio"><span class="fn"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/6\/6c\/It-Venezia.ogg\/It-Venezia.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"zh","wikibase":"","file":"It-Venezia.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6c/It-Venezia.ogg/It-Venezia.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="播放音频" title="播放音频" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:It-Venezia.ogg" title="File:It-Venezia.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span>）</span>）；<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="威尼斯語">威尼斯語</a>：<span lang="vec">Venesia</span> 或 <span lang="vec">Venexia</span>；<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁語">拉丁語</a>：<span lang="la">Venetia</span>；<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E7%95%99%E5%88%A9%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="弗留利語">弗留利語</a>：<span lang="la">Vignesie</span>；英語：<span lang="en">Venice</span><span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>）是<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9" title="意大利">意大利</a>東北部著名的旅遊與工業<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82" title="城市">城市</a>，也是<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%89%98" class="mw-redirect" title="威尼托">威尼托</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92" title="意大利行政区划">地區</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%96%E5%BA%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="首府">首府</a>。威尼斯城由被运河分隔并由桥梁相连<sup id="cite_ref-UNESCO_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNESCO-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>的121座小岛组成。<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%E6%BD%9F%E6%B9%96" title="威尼斯潟湖">威尼斯潟湖</a>是位于<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%B2%B3" title="波河">波河</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E4%BA%9E%E9%9F%8B%E6%B2%B3" title="皮亞韋河">皮亚韦河</a>河口之间的一个封闭的海湾，威尼斯城就坐落在<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%E6%BD%9F%E6%B9%96" title="威尼斯潟湖">威尼斯潟湖</a>的浅滩上。威尼斯以其优美的环境、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91" class="mw-redirect" title="建筑">建筑</a>和艺术品珍藏而闻名。<sup id="cite_ref-UNESCO_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNESCO-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>潟湖和城市的一部分被列为<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E9%81%97%E4%BA%A7" title="世界遗产">世界遗产</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-UNESCO_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNESCO-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>Luigi Barzini曾在紐約時報形容它「無疑是最美麗的人造都市」<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，時代線上雜誌也稱讚威尼斯是歐洲最浪漫的城市之一。 </p><p>2020年，共有258,685人居住在威尼斯<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%82%E9%95%87_(%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9)" title="市镇 (意大利)">市镇</a>，其中约55,000人居住在老城区。威尼斯与<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E5%A4%9A%E7%93%A6" title="帕多瓦">帕多瓦</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E9%9B%B7%E7%B6%AD%E7%B4%A2" title="特雷維索">特雷维索</a>一起，组成了<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E5%A4%9A%E7%93%A6-%E7%89%B9%E9%9B%B7%E7%BB%B4%E7%B4%A2-%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%A7%E9%83%BD%E5%B8%82%E5%8C%BA" title="帕多瓦-特雷维索-威尼斯大都市区">帕多瓦-特雷维索-威尼斯大都市区</a>（PATREVE），总人口260万。<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>PATREVE只是一个统计学意义上的大都市区，不是行政区划的等级。<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>威尼斯这个名字源于公元前十世纪居住在该地区的古<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%9A%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E8%92%82%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="亚德里亚威尼蒂人（页面不存在）">威尼蒂人</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-urlOnline_Etymology_Dictionary_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-urlOnline_Etymology_Dictionary-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>这个城市历史上曾经是威尼斯共和国的首府。威尼斯同时被誉为「主之城」、「尊贵之城」、「亚得里亚王后」、「水之都」、「面具之城」、「桥梁之城」、「漂浮之都」、「运河之城」。<a href="/wiki/%E5%A7%94%E5%85%A7%E7%91%9E%E6%8B%89" title="委內瑞拉">委內瑞拉</a>的国名就是「小威尼斯」的意思。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="威尼斯共和国">威尼斯共和国</a>是<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA" title="中世纪">中世纪</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E8%89%BA%E5%A4%8D%E5%85%B4" title="文艺复兴">文艺复兴</a>时期的主要金融和海运力量，是<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%86%9B%E4%B8%9C%E5%BE%81" class="mw-redirect" title="十字军东征">十字军东征</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%92%E7%8F%AD%E9%99%80%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="勒班陀戰役">勒班陀战役</a>的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%86%E7%BB%93%E5%9C%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="集结地（页面不存在）">集结地</a>，也是从13世纪直到17世纪末的一个非常重要的商业（特别是丝绸，粮食和<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%96%99%E8%B4%B8%E6%98%93" title="香料贸易">香料</a>）和艺术中心。中世纪<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%B6%E8%A1%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="银行">银行</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%A1%E5%AD%A6" title="会计学">会计</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E9%9A%AA" title="保險">保险业</a>从威尼斯等<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E5%9F%8E%E9%82%A6" title="意大利城邦">意大利城邦</a>起源。<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 威尼斯市被认为是第一个真正的国际金融中心，9世纪逐渐形成，14世纪达到了顶峰。这使威尼斯在其大部分历史中成为一座极为富裕的城市。<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>後來因為土耳其人對<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7" title="地中海">地中海</a>東邊的控制促使歐洲國家尋找其他航線的慾望，威尼斯因此失去了大部分的重要性與影響力。 </p><p>它同样因为几次特别是<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E6%96%87%E8%97%9D%E5%BE%A9%E8%88%88" title="義大利文藝復興">文艺复兴时期</a>的重要的艺术运动而众所周知的。在<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%BF%E7%A0%B4%E4%BB%91%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" class="mw-redirect" title="拿破仑战争">拿破仑战争</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E4%B9%9F%E7%BA%B3%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE" title="维也纳会议">维也纳会议</a>之后，共和国被<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="奥地利帝国">奥地利帝国</a>所吞并，直到1866年，由于<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E6%AC%A1%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E7%8D%A8%E7%AB%8B%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="第三次義大利獨立戰爭">第三次意大利独立战争</a>而举行的全民公投，威尼斯成为<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B_(1861%E5%B9%B4%E2%80%931946%E5%B9%B4)" class="mw-redirect" title="意大利王國 (1861年–1946年)">意大利王国</a>的一部分。威尼斯在交响乐和歌剧音乐史上也起着重要的作用，它是<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E4%B8%9C%E5%B0%BC%E5%A5%A5%C2%B7%E7%BB%B4%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%94%E7%AC%AC" title="安东尼奥·维瓦尔第">安东尼奥·维瓦尔第</a>的诞生地。<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>2016年，威尼斯被评为世界上最美丽的城市。<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="歷史"><span id=".E6.AD.B7.E5.8F.B2"></span>歷史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：歷史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="威尼斯共和國">威尼斯共和國</a></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r64637320">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:.25em .5em;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox p{font-style:inherit;margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{background-color:#F9F9F9;text-align:center;font-size:larger;font-weight:bold;margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox" style="float: left; clear: left; margin: 0.5em 1.4em 0.8em 0;width:17em; padding: 6px; border: 1px solid #aaa; font-size: 80%; background-color: #B0C4DE;"><div class="" style="background-color: #B0C4DE;color: inherit; text-align: center; font-size: larger; font-weight: bold;">威尼斯的歷史歸屬</div><div class="" style="position: relative; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="西羅馬帝國">西羅馬帝國</a> 421–476 <br /> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%A4%9A%E4%BA%9E%E5%A1%9E" title="奧多亞塞">奧多亞塞王國</a> 476–493 <br /> <a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E5%93%A5%E7%89%B9%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="東哥特王國">東哥特王國</a> 493–553 <br /> <a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="東羅馬帝國">東羅馬帝國</a> 553–584 <br /> <a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E6%96%87%E7%BA%B3%E6%80%BB%E7%9D%A3%E5%8C%BA" title="拉文纳总督区">拉文納總督區</a> 584–697 <br /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="威尼斯共和國">威尼斯共和國</a> 697–1797 <br /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%B8%83%E6%96%AF%E5%A0%A1%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB%E5%9C%8B" title="哈布斯堡君主國">哈布斯堡君主國</a> 1797–1805 <br /> <a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B_(%E6%8B%BF%E7%A0%B4%E5%B4%99%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3)" class="mw-redirect" title="意大利王國 (拿破崙時代)">義大利王國</a> 1805–1815<br /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%80%AB%E5%B7%B4%E7%AC%AC-%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%89%98%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="倫巴第-威尼托王國">倫巴第-威尼托王國</a> 1815–1848 <br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%96%E9%A6%AC%E5%8F%AF%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="聖馬可共和國（页面不存在）">聖馬可共和國</a> 1848–1849 <br /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%80%AB%E5%B7%B4%E7%AC%AC-%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%89%98%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="倫巴第-威尼托王國">倫巴第-威尼托王國</a> 1849–1866 <br /> <a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B_(1861%E5%B9%B4%EF%BC%8D1946%E5%B9%B4)" class="mw-redirect" title="意大利王國 (1861年－1946年)">意大利王國</a> 1866–1946 <br /> </p> <a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="義大利共和國">義大利共和國</a> 1946–present</div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="起源及歷史"><span id=".E8.B5.B7.E6.BA.90.E5.8F.8A.E6.AD.B7.E5.8F.B2"></span>起源及歷史</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：起源及歷史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Leguna_Veneta.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Leguna_Veneta.png/270px-Leguna_Veneta.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="262" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Leguna_Veneta.png/405px-Leguna_Veneta.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Leguna_Veneta.png/540px-Leguna_Veneta.png 2x" data-file-width="789" data-file-height="766" /></a><figcaption>威尼斯與威尼斯潟湖</figcaption></figure> <p>威尼斯的起源沒有歷史文獻記載。數名<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E5%AD%B8%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="歷史學家">歷史學家</a>引用可靠證據指出:早期人口為<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="羅馬帝國">羅馬</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82" title="城市">城市</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%A3%E6%B0%91" class="mw-redirect" title="難民">難民</a>，他們為了逃避<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E4%BA%BA" title="日耳曼人">日耳曼人</a>攻擊，便從<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E5%A4%9A%E7%93%A6" title="帕多瓦">帕多瓦</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%A5%8E%E8%90%8A%E4%BA%9E" title="阿奎萊亞">阿奎萊亞</a>、Altino及Concordia（今<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%B2%81%E9%98%BF%E7%BD%97%E6%B8%AF" title="格鲁阿罗港">格魯阿羅港</a>）而來<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>從166-168年開始，<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%B8%E8%BF%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="夸迪人">夸迪人</a>（Quadi）和<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%8F%AF%E6%9B%BC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="馬可曼尼人">馬可曼尼人</a>破壞了這個區域的主中心──Oderzo。羅馬帝國的防線再度被<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%93%A5%E5%BE%B7%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="西哥德人">西哥德人</a>於5世紀初期時所撕裂，而在50年後，<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8F%90%E6%8B%89" title="阿提拉">阿提拉</a>領導的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E4%BA%BA" title="匈人">匈人</a>也再度侵略羅馬帝國。而最後與最持久的侵略則是<a href="/wiki/%E5%80%AB%E5%B7%B4%E5%BA%95%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="倫巴底人">倫巴底人</a>在568年所造成的。使得威尼斯脫離了<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="東羅馬帝國">東羅馬帝國</a>的統治，人們開始建立新的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%AF%E5%8F%A3" title="港口">港口</a>，包括威尼斯潟湖的馬拉莫科與托切洛的港口。 </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Space_Station_Flight_Over_Venice.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Space_Station_Flight_Over_Venice.jpg/250px-Space_Station_Flight_Over_Venice.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Space_Station_Flight_Over_Venice.jpg/375px-Space_Station_Flight_Over_Venice.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Space_Station_Flight_Over_Venice.jpg/500px-Space_Station_Flight_Over_Venice.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4940" data-file-height="3292" /></a><figcaption>威尼斯主島的人造衛星圖片：鐵路和公路把島嶼西北部和義大利半島連接，貫穿島中央的是威尼斯大運河（Canal Grande）。</figcaption></figure> <p>拜占庭帝國在義大利中部與北部的統治在751年被倫巴底國王<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%89%BE%E6%96%AF%E6%9D%9C%E7%88%BE%E5%A4%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="艾斯杜爾夫（页面不存在）">艾斯杜爾夫</a>（Aistulf）所結束，在這段時期，拜占庭的總督的所在地是馬拉莫科（Malamocco）。統治地區橫跨了潟湖中的許多島嶼很可能增加了與拜占庭帝國境內倫巴底人的聯繫。 </p><p>在<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E5%BA%95%E8%A5%BF%E5%B7%B4%E6%89%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="帕底西巴扎">帕底西巴扎</a>公爵的統治期間（811年－827年），總督所在地從馬拉莫科遷移到高度防禦的里奧多島，也就是現在威尼斯的所在地。聖匝加修道院、最初的總督府與聖馬可教堂在這裡陸續被建造完成。 </p><p>在828年，這個新城市的威望因為<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E9%A6%AC%E7%88%BE%E8%B0%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="聖馬爾谷">聖馬爾谷</a>的遺物從亞歷山卓被帶到威尼斯而提升，它被安置在新教堂中。這個地區持續發展，當拜占庭的勢力消退之後，威尼斯對抗東方的本質漸漸浮現出來，最後導致威尼斯朝向自治與獨立的發展。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="擴展"><span id=".E6.93.B4.E5.B1.95"></span>擴展</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：擴展"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Piazza_San_Marco_(Venice)_at_night-msu-2021-6449-.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Piazza_San_Marco_%28Venice%29_at_night-msu-2021-6449-.jpg/270px-Piazza_San_Marco_%28Venice%29_at_night-msu-2021-6449-.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Piazza_San_Marco_%28Venice%29_at_night-msu-2021-6449-.jpg/405px-Piazza_San_Marco_%28Venice%29_at_night-msu-2021-6449-.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Piazza_San_Marco_%28Venice%29_at_night-msu-2021-6449-.jpg/540px-Piazza_San_Marco_%28Venice%29_at_night-msu-2021-6449-.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4984" data-file-height="3584" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E9%A9%AC%E5%8F%AF%E5%B9%BF%E5%9C%BA" title="圣马可广场">聖馬可廣場</a></figcaption></figure> <p>9-12世紀期間，威尼斯發展為<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E9%82%A6" title="城邦">城邦</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9" title="意大利">意大利</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="海洋">海洋</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="帝國">帝國</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E4%B8%8A%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="海上共和国">海上共和國</a>；其餘三個為<a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E9%82%A3%E4%BA%9E%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="熱那亞共和國">熱那亞</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E8%96%A9%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="比薩共和國">比薩</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%94%E8%8F%B2%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%BD" title="阿马尔菲公国">阿馬爾菲</a>）。位於亞德裡亞海頂端的戰略性地位讓威尼斯的海軍與商業力量幾乎是牢不可破。這座城市變成西歐與其他地區（尤其是拜占庭帝國與<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="伊斯蘭國家">伊斯蘭國家</a>）之間一個繁榮的貿易中心。 </p> <div class="barbox tright" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div class="skin-invert" style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:auto; background: ;color: #000;"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:none;color: inherit;"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">威尼斯宗教-2012年<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;">宗教</td> <td style="width:100px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;">百分</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="天主教">天主教</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#5072A7; width:92.7%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">92.7%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">其他宗教</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#7BB661; width:7.3%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">7.3%</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div> <p>威尼斯政權的基礎奠基於12世紀︰<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B5%E5%B7%A5%E5%BB%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="威尼斯兵工廠（页面不存在）">威尼斯兵工廠</a>建造於1104年；威尼斯在1178年從<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E7%BE%85%E7%B4%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="維羅納">維羅納</a>奪得<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%83%E5%80%AB%E7%B4%8D%E7%BE%85%E5%B1%B1%E5%8F%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="布倫納羅山口（页面不存在）">布倫納羅山口</a>（Brenner pass）的控制權，開啟了運輸<a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%80" title="銀">銀</a>前往<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E5%B0%94%E6%9B%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="日尔曼">日爾曼</a>的路線。而最後一任獨裁的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%E6%80%BB%E7%9D%A3" title="威尼斯总督">威尼斯总督</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B1%B3%E5%A5%87%E7%88%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="米奇爾（页面不存在）">米奇爾</a> （Vitale Michiele）則死於1172年。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="威尼斯共和國">威尼斯共和國</a>在1200年以前佔據了亞得裡亞海的東岸，大部分是商業上的考量，因為<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E7%9B%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="海盜">海盜</a>造成貿易上的威脅。威尼斯总督也取得<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%94%E7%88%BE%E9%A6%AC%E6%8F%90%E4%BA%9E" title="達爾馬提亞">達爾馬提亞</a>总督與<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E8%8A%B3%E8%8A%B3%E7%B5%B2%E7%89%B9%E5%8B%92%E5%8D%8A%E5%B3%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊芳芳絲特勒半島（页面不存在）">伊芳芳絲特勒半島</a>总督的頭銜。 </p><p>後來大陸的領地越過<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%B0%94%E8%BE%BE%E6%B9%96" title="加尔达湖">加尔达湖</a>到達<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%81%94%E6%B2%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="阿達河">阿達河</a>的西邊，被稱為Terraferma。部分被當成對抗好戰鄰國的緩衝，一部分去確保<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E5%8D%91%E6%96%AF%E5%B1%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="阿爾卑斯山">阿爾卑斯山</a>的貿易路線，也為了保護大陸提供威尼斯需要的<a href="/wiki/%E8%B0%B7%E7%B1%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="谷类">穀類</a>。為了建設海上的貿易帝國，共和國需要去控制<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E7%90%B4%E6%B5%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="愛琴海">愛琴海</a>大部分的島嶼，包括<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E7%89%B9%E5%B2%9B" title="克里特岛">克裡特島</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%BD%E6%99%AE%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF" title="賽普勒斯">賽普勒斯</a>，變成了<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E6%9D%B1" title="近東">近東</a>一個主要的權利掮客。在這時期，大陸的領地對於威尼斯的管理相對是較開明的，當受到侵略者的威脅時，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B2%9D%E6%8B%89%E5%8A%A0%E8%8E%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="貝拉加莫（页面不存在）">貝拉加莫</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E9%9B%B7%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" title="布雷西亚">布雷西亞</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E7%BE%85%E7%B4%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="維羅納">維羅納</a>將會整合起來捍衛威尼斯的統治權。 </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:San_Marco_horses.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/San_Marco_horses.jpg/220px-San_Marco_horses.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/San_Marco_horses.jpg/330px-San_Marco_horses.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/San_Marco_horses.jpg/440px-San_Marco_horses.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E9%A6%AC%E7%88%BE%E8%B0%B7%E8%81%96%E6%AE%BF%E5%AE%97%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E5%BA%A7%E5%A0%82" title="聖馬爾谷聖殿宗主教座堂">聖馬爾谷聖殿宗主教座堂</a>入口的銅像（<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%94%E8%B0%B7%E4%B9%8B%E9%A9%AC" title="圣马尔谷之马">圣马尔谷之马</a>）</figcaption></figure> <p>在<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E6%AC%A1%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%BB%8D%E6%9D%B1%E5%BE%81" class="mw-redirect" title="第四次十字軍東征">第四次十字軍東征</a>後，威尼斯變成<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="拉丁帝国">拉丁帝國</a>的一部分，由<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E4%B8%81%E5%A0%A1" title="君士坦丁堡">君士坦丁堡</a>（拉丁帝國在1204年佔領了君士坦丁堡）來管轄。威尼斯則擴展它影響力，建立了<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%84%9B%E7%90%B4%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="愛琴群島公國（页面不存在）">愛琴群島公國</a>（Duchy of the Archipelago）。當土耳其人在<a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BC%E8%B4%8A%E5%85%8B%E7%88%BE%E7%89%B9%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="曼贊克爾特戰役">曼贊克爾特戰役</a>中打敗拜占庭帝國後，這可能是君士坦丁堡對威尼斯具有決定性影響力的最後時刻。雖然拜占庭帝國在半世紀後重新掌握這座城市的控制權，不過當時國勢已經相當衰弱了。<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="奧斯曼帝國">奧斯曼帝國</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96_(%E5%A5%A7%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B)" class="mw-redirect" title="穆罕默德二世 (奧斯曼帝國)">穆罕默德二世</a>在1453年佔領了這座城市。而從拜占廷帝國劫掠來的許多財寶被帶回威尼斯，其中也包括威尼斯的象徵－<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E9%A9%AC%E5%8F%AF%E9%A3%9E%E7%8B%AE" title="圣马可飞狮">圣马可飞狮</a>。 </p><p>因為威尼斯位於亞德裡亞海旁，所以它與拜占庭帝國及<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="伊斯蘭國家">伊斯蘭國家</a>進行廣泛的貿易活動。在13世紀末時，威尼斯已經變成全歐洲最繁榮的都市。在勢力與財富最顛峰的時期，威尼斯擁有36,000名水手來駕駛3,300艘船，並且主宰了中古時代的商業活動。14世紀它又在1253-1381年的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF-%E7%86%B1%E9%82%A3%E4%BA%9E%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="威尼斯-熱那亞戰爭">威尼斯-熱那亞戰爭</a>中，擊敗死敵<a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E9%82%A3%E4%BA%9E%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="熱那亞共和國">熱那亞共和國</a>，徹底壟斷最高利潤的<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%96%99%E8%B2%BF%E6%98%93" class="mw-redirect" title="香料貿易">東方貿易</a>。在這時期，威尼斯的上流家庭會建立最雄偉的廣場、扶持最偉大的作品及培育最有天分的藝術家來互相競爭。當時這個城市是由大議會所管理，其中大部分的成員是由威尼斯具有影響力的家庭所組成的。大議會任命所有公開的政務官，並且選出200至300人組成的參議院。然後參議院會選出「<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%BA%E8%AE%AE%E4%BC%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="十人议会">十人議會</a>」，這是一個掌握威尼斯最大管理權限的祕密組織。而這個組織則會選出一位总督（doge或duke），成為威尼斯正式的領導人。 </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Venezia_Blick_vom_Campanile_der_Basilica_di_San_Marco_auf_die_Basilica_di_San_Giorgio_Maggiore_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Venezia_Blick_vom_Campanile_der_Basilica_di_San_Marco_auf_die_Basilica_di_San_Giorgio_Maggiore_3.jpg/275px-Venezia_Blick_vom_Campanile_der_Basilica_di_San_Marco_auf_die_Basilica_di_San_Giorgio_Maggiore_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="275" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Venezia_Blick_vom_Campanile_der_Basilica_di_San_Marco_auf_die_Basilica_di_San_Giorgio_Maggiore_3.jpg/413px-Venezia_Blick_vom_Campanile_der_Basilica_di_San_Marco_auf_die_Basilica_di_San_Giorgio_Maggiore_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Venezia_Blick_vom_Campanile_der_Basilica_di_San_Marco_auf_die_Basilica_di_San_Giorgio_Maggiore_3.jpg/550px-Venezia_Blick_vom_Campanile_der_Basilica_di_San_Marco_auf_die_Basilica_di_San_Giorgio_Maggiore_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4592" data-file-height="3089" /></a><figcaption>從<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%8B%E9%90%98%E6%A8%93" class="mw-redirect" title="聖馬克鐘樓">聖馬克鐘樓</a>遠眺<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%96%AC%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E9%A6%AC%E7%84%A6%E9%9B%B7%E5%B3%B6" title="聖喬治·馬焦雷島">聖喬治·馬焦雷島</a></figcaption></figure> <p>威尼斯的行政架構與古羅馬共和的系統相似，是由一位被選出來的行政官（<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%E6%80%BB%E7%9D%A3" title="威尼斯总督">威尼斯总督</a>）、一個類似參議院，由貴族組成的機構及許多擁有部分政治權力的公民所構成的，在15世纪前公民擁有權利去同意或拒絕每位新選出來的总督。教堂與許多私人建築是做為軍事使用，雖然威尼斯沒有終身職的騎士。<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%96%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%8B%E9%A8%8E%E5%A3%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="聖馬克騎士（页面不存在）">聖馬克騎士</a>（Cavalieri di San Marco）是唯一在威尼斯存在過的騎士階層，沒有任何一位公民可以接受外來的命令而沒有政府的同意。在獨立時期，威尼斯仍然保持共和，政治與軍事是完全的分離。但在一些情况下，总督也可以統御軍隊，例如第四次十字军东征期间的<a href="/wiki/%E6%81%A9%E9%87%8C%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E4%B8%B9%E5%A4%9A%E6%B4%9B" title="恩里科·丹多洛">恩里科·丹多洛</a>。就其它意義而言，戰爭代表商業的附屬品。因此，威尼斯早期製造了大量的雇員，來為任何地方服務，後來當統治階層佔有商業時，依靠著這些外來的雇員。 </p><p>总督是最高行政官，理論上是終身制。實際上，許多总督在被認為遭受政治失敗後，受到來自貴族組成的<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%A1%E9%A0%AD%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="寡頭政治">寡頭政治</a>的壓力，而被迫放棄職位，退隱到<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%AE%E9%81%93%E9%99%A2" title="修道院">修道院</a>中來隱居，也有总督被贵族或议会流放、处决的例子。 </p><p>威尼斯的人民一般是正統<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="天主教">天主教</a>的信徒，最初的几位威尼斯总督同时也是教会领袖。中世纪的威尼斯地區没有出现宗教狂熱，並且在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9" title="反宗教改革">反宗教改革</a>期間也沒有制定處死宗教異端的法律。這種明顯缺乏的熱情導致威尼斯經常與<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E5%AE%97" title="教宗">教宗</a>發生爭執。威尼斯受到一些封鎖重大活動的威脅，遭受到兩次懲罰。第2次，也是比較有名的一次，發生在1509年的4月27日，由<a href="/wiki/%E5%84%92%E7%95%A5%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" title="儒略二世">儒略二世</a>下令的<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E5%B8%83%E9%9B%B7%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="康布雷聯盟戰爭">康布雷聯盟戰爭</a>。 </p><p>威尼斯大使將仍然存在的政治祕密報告送回當地，這與歐洲法庭的傳聞一起为現代歷史學家提供了極好的資料。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="威尼斯沒落"><span id=".E5.A8.81.E5.B0.BC.E6.96.AF.E6.B2.92.E8.90.BD"></span>威尼斯沒落</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：威尼斯沒落"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>威尼斯從15世紀開始沒落，當時它在保衛<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E8%96%A9%E6%B4%9B%E5%B0%BC%E5%9F%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="塞薩洛尼基">塞薩洛尼基</a>時首次失利，敗給<a href="/wiki/%E9%84%82%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%BC%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="鄂圖曼土耳其帝國">鄂圖曼土耳其帝國</a>。威尼斯也在1453年派遣船艦幫助<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%9C%E5%8D%A0%E5%BA%AD%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="拜占庭帝國">拜占庭帝國</a>的首都<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E4%B8%81%E5%A0%A1" title="君士坦丁堡">君士坦丁堡</a>來抵抗土耳其人的侵略，在<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96_(%E5%A5%A7%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B)" class="mw-redirect" title="穆罕默德二世 (奧斯曼帝國)">穆罕默德二世</a>攻陷君士坦丁堡之後，他轉而侵略威尼斯，並造成威尼斯巨大的損失。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E6%AD%BB%E7%97%85" title="黑死病">黑死病</a>在1348年肆虐威尼斯，並在1575-1577年間捲土重來。在這三年間，高達五萬人死於黑死病，城市只剩下三分之一人口<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。1630年，黑死病更造成接近三分之一公民死亡<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。而<a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%94%E7%A6%BB%E6%A3%80%E7%96%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="隔离检疫">隔離檢疫</a>的英文「Quarantine」就是來自<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="威尼斯語">威尼斯語</a>，原意為「40天」，因當時的黑死病，威尼斯人的隔離時數是40天。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E8%97%9D%E5%BE%A9%E8%88%88" class="mw-redirect" title="文藝復興">文藝復興</a>末期，威尼斯開始失去<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="國際">國際</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%BF%E6%98%93" class="mw-redirect" title="貿易">貿易</a>中心的地位。當時，<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99" title="葡萄牙">葡萄牙</a>成為<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="歐洲">歐洲</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%96%B9" class="mw-disambig" title="東方">東方</a>貿易的主要媒介，影響威尼斯巨大財富的來源。同時，<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E8%A5%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="法蘭西">法蘭西</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99" title="西班牙">西班牙</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%B8%E6%AC%8A%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="霸權主義">霸權主義</a>橫行，爆發了<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="義大利戰爭">義大利戰爭</a>，威尼斯的政治影響力式微。然而，威尼斯帝國是<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B2%E7%94%A2%E5%93%81" class="mw-redirect" title="農產品">農產品</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BC%B8%E5%87%BA%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="輸出國（页面不存在）">輸出國</a>，及至18世紀中葉仍是重要的製造業中心。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="陸軍及海軍"><span id=".E9.99.B8.E8.BB.8D.E5.8F.8A.E6.B5.B7.E8.BB.8D"></span>陸軍及海軍</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：陸軍及海軍"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>石弓練習在1303年成為威尼斯的義務，公民在團契中練習。隨著武器變得更昂貴與操作上更複雜，頭班軍人被分發來幫助商人來航行船只並在槳船上擔任槳手的任務。「Noble Bowmen」這間公司在14世紀末招募了年輕的<a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%B4%E6%97%8F" title="貴族">貴族</a>，他們在戰槳船上工作，擔任武裝商人，並且享有居住在船長艙的特權。 </p><p>陸軍的指揮建築與海軍是不一樣的，根據古代的法律，沒有任何一位貴族可以指揮超過25個人（避免以私人軍隊來進行叛變），當總指揮在14世紀中被引進時，他仍然必須對由20位公民組成的「智者」負責。這項政策有效率，也避免威尼斯陷入其他城邦經常遭遇的軍人掌權。一位公民委員（與人民委員不同）陪同每一位軍隊來注意他們的情況，尤其是傭兵。威尼斯的軍事傳統也應仔細的注意到：他們對於如何在花費最少生命與金錢達至成功比追求榮譽更感興趣。 </p><p>雖然威尼斯以海軍聞名，它的陸軍也具有同樣的影響力。在13世紀時，大部分的義大利城邦都已經雇用了<a href="/wiki/%E5%83%B1%E5%82%AD%E5%85%B5" title="僱傭兵">僱傭兵</a>，不過威尼斯軍隊仍然從周圍的潟湖地區徵募軍人，另外從<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%94%E7%88%BE%E9%A6%AC%E6%8F%90%E4%BA%9E" title="達爾馬提亞">達爾馬提亞</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="伊斯特里亞">伊斯特里亞</a>進行封建制度的徵兵。在遇到緊急狀況時，政府將會登記所有年齡界於17歲與60歲之間的男性，並且對他們的武器進行紀錄，而他們在實戰時會被編入由12人組成的隊佐。據1338年的登記紀錄顯示威尼斯估計約有30,000名威尼斯男子可以參戰，其中大多是熟練的弩手。在其他的義大利城邦，貴族與其富人都加入<a href="/wiki/%E9%A8%8E%E5%85%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="騎兵">騎兵</a>，但在威尼斯則被徵召作<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A5%E5%85%B5" title="步兵">步兵</a>。 </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Canaletto_Entrance_to_the_Grand_Canal_Venice.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Canaletto_Entrance_to_the_Grand_Canal_Venice.jpg/300px-Canaletto_Entrance_to_the_Grand_Canal_Venice.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Canaletto_Entrance_to_the_Grand_Canal_Venice.jpg/450px-Canaletto_Entrance_to_the_Grand_Canal_Venice.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Canaletto_Entrance_to_the_Grand_Canal_Venice.jpg/600px-Canaletto_Entrance_to_the_Grand_Canal_Venice.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="921" /></a><figcaption>威尼斯，由<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E7%BA%B3%E8%8E%B1%E6%89%98" class="mw-redirect" title="加纳莱托">加纳莱托</a>在1730年所繪</figcaption></figure> <p>在1450年時，總共有超過3000艘威尼斯的商船處於營運的狀態中，其中大部分在必要時可以變成戰船或運輸船。政府要求每艘商船必須搭載特定數量的武器（大部分是<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%BC%93" class="mw-redirect" title="十字弓">十字弓</a>與槍）及<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%94%E7%94%B2" title="盔甲">盔甲</a>，商船的乘客也被預期在必要時可以武裝起來並進行戰鬥。一艘預備用且長約25公尺的戰船被保存在兵工廠中，戰船奴隸並不存在於中古時代的威尼斯，划手則是從這個城市或是它的領地（特別是達爾馬提亞）中產生的。從威尼斯選出的人們大部分是從每個教區中，當這些槳手離開之後，他們的家庭會受到教區中其他人的支持。<a href="/wiki/%E5%82%B5%E5%8B%99%E4%BA%BA" title="債務人">債務人</a>一般是在戰船上划船來償還他們的債務，划船的技術則是以貢多拉鳳尾船競賽來鼓勵。 </p><p>在15世紀初期，隨著領土的擴張，於是出現了第一支常備軍，其中包括簽定契約的佣兵隊長（condottieri）。威尼斯與<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E7%BE%85%E5%80%AB%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="佛羅倫斯">佛羅倫斯</a>在1426年締結同盟，並且同意在戰爭時期提供8,000名騎兵與3,000名步兵，平時則提供3,000名騎兵與1,000名步兵。在15世紀末，製服採用紅白條紋的樣式，榮譽及熱情的制度逐漸產生。在15世紀當中，威尼斯的陸上軍隊幾乎總是攻擊的一方，並且被認為是義大利最具影響力的，大部分是因為所有階級都必須為保衛這個城市而拿起武器與官方對於一般軍事訓練的獎勵。15世纪末，在总督<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E5%88%87%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E7%A6%8F%E6%96%AF%E5%8D%A1%E9%87%8C" title="弗朗切斯科·福斯卡里">弗朗切斯科·福斯卡里</a>任内，威尼斯陆军败于<a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="米兰">米兰</a>，同时佛罗伦斯改与米兰结盟，从此威尼斯逐渐丧失了对北意大利的陆上控制权。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="現代"><span id=".E7.8F.BE.E4.BB.A3"></span>現代</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：現代"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:3008px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Panorama_of_Venice_1870s.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1870年的威尼斯"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Panorama_of_Venice_1870s.jpg/3000px-Panorama_of_Venice_1870s.jpg" decoding="async" width="3000" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Panorama_of_Venice_1870s.jpg/4500px-Panorama_of_Venice_1870s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Panorama_of_Venice_1870s.jpg/6000px-Panorama_of_Venice_1870s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="17952" data-file-height="1280" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:center"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Panorama_of_Venice_1870s.jpg" title="File:Panorama of Venice 1870s.jpg"> </a></div>1870年的威尼斯</div></div></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Venezia-map_1-1220x900.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Venezia-map_1-1220x900.png/250px-Venezia-map_1-1220x900.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Venezia-map_1-1220x900.png/375px-Venezia-map_1-1220x900.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Venezia-map_1-1220x900.png/500px-Venezia-map_1-1220x900.png 2x" data-file-width="1220" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption>威尼斯歷史中心的地圖</figcaption></figure> <p>隨着<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%BF%E7%A0%B4%E5%B4%99" class="mw-redirect" title="拿破崙">拿破崙</a>於1797年5月12日（<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E5%8F%8D%E6%B3%95%E5%90%8C%E7%9B%9F" title="第一次反法同盟">第一次反法同盟</a>期間）佔領威尼斯，威尼斯共和國宣告滅亡，恰好是独立后1100年。這位法蘭西的征服者導致威尼斯歷史上最美好的一個世紀的結束︰在18世紀時，威尼斯也許是歐洲最優雅的城市，對於<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%9D%E8%A1%93" class="mw-redirect" title="藝術">藝術</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8" title="文學">文學</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89" class="mw-redirect" title="建築">建築</a>都擁有巨大的影響力。拿破崙對於這個城市的<a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="猶太人">猶太人</a>而言，似乎是個解放者，雖然因為他們被限制居住在幾個區域中而引起爭論。他移除了猶太區出入口，並結束猶太人居住及旅遊的區域限制。 </p><p>拿破崙在1797年10月12日根據<a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%8E%E6%B3%A2%E7%A6%8F%E7%88%BE%E7%B1%B3%E5%A5%A7%E6%A2%9D%E7%B4%84" title="坎波福爾米奧條約">坎波福爾米奧條約</a>，將威尼斯交于<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="奧地利">奧地利</a>統治。奧地利政府則在1798年1月18日正式接管威尼斯。1805年，拿破崙與奧地利簽署了<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E9%9B%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%A0%A1%E6%A2%9D%E7%B4%84" class="mw-redirect" title="普雷斯堡條約">普雷斯堡條約</a>，從奧地利手中奪回了威尼斯，並納入自己的<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B_(%E6%8B%BF%E7%A0%B4%E5%B4%99%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3)" title="義大利王國 (拿破崙時代)">義大利王國</a>內。但是隨著拿破崙在1814年的戰敗，威尼斯又再次歸奧地利掌控的<a href="/wiki/%E5%80%AB%E5%B7%B4%E7%AC%AC-%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="倫巴第-威尼西亞王國">倫巴第-威尼西亞王國</a>的統治。在<a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BC%E5%AE%81" class="mw-disambig" title="曼宁">曼寧</a>的帶領下，一次短暫的革命發生在1848－1849年間，建立了聖馬可共和國（威尼斯第二共和國），但之後在奧軍的鎮壓下失敗了。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/1848%E5%B9%B4%E5%A5%A5%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="1848年奥地利帝国革命">1848年革命</a>失敗以後，年輕的奧國新皇帝<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E8%8C%A8%C2%B7%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="弗朗茨·约瑟夫">弗朗茨·约瑟夫</a>在1849年登基，鎮壓新聞自由和恢復私刑審判，將帝國帶向<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%8B%E6%98%8E%E5%B0%88%E5%88%B6" title="開明專制">開明專制</a>的強勢統治：他任命的首相<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%C2%B7%E5%86%AF%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E8%B5%AB%E7%94%B7%E7%88%B5" title="亚历山大·冯·巴赫男爵">巴赫</a>，開始了被稱為「巴赫專制」的鐵腕治國。譬如書刊檢查恢復執行，並實行更嚴格的警察監督，以致所有（<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%87%E7%94%A2%E9%9A%8E%E7%B4%9A" title="資產階級">資產階級</a>）政治活動的自由都被鎮壓了。行政、司法和財政制度也改組地很有活力，但加重了財務壓力與人民的稅負。這樣的專制一直延續到1861年二月憲法的頒布才有重大調整，正式讓資產階級為主的人民獲得政治權力。1866年隨著<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E5%A5%A7%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="普奧戰爭">普奧戰爭</a>，威尼斯與倫巴底-威尼西亞王國的其他地區成為現代義大利的一部分。自18世紀中葉開始，隨著成為自由港的<a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%84%E9%87%8C%E9%9B%85%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9" title="的里雅斯特">的里雅斯特</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E7%A7%91%E7%BA%B3" title="安科纳">安科纳</a>，在經濟上與威尼斯的競爭越來越激烈。特別是1869年<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E4%BC%8A%E5%A3%AB%E8%BF%90%E6%B2%B3" title="苏伊士运河">蘇伊士運河</a>的開通，使得亞洲和中歐地區蓬勃發展貿易，威尼斯很快就失去了過去競爭優勢和商業實力。 </p><p>在第二次世界大戰期間，威尼斯基本上沒有受到任何攻擊<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，唯一值得注意的事件是1945年3月21日，盟軍飛機對威尼斯港空襲的保齡球行動，但沒有對城市本身造成建築破壞。1945年4月29日，由伯納德·弗雷伯格 (Bernard Freyberg）中將率領的英國第八集團軍，解放了曾經作為反墨索里尼意大利游擊隊溫床的威尼斯。<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="地理"><span id=".E5.9C.B0.E7.90.86"></span>地理</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：地理"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Venezia_Aerial_View.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Venezia_Aerial_View.jpg/220px-Venezia_Aerial_View.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Venezia_Aerial_View.jpg/330px-Venezia_Aerial_View.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Venezia_Aerial_View.jpg/440px-Venezia_Aerial_View.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2548" data-file-height="874" /></a><figcaption>俯瞰威尼斯城</figcaption></figure> <p>威尼斯的主城区建于离岸4公里的海边浅水滩上，河流從阿爾卑斯山嚮東流過威尼托平原，沖刷成泥沙，在從東方環繞亞得里亞海頭的洋流的作用下，淤泥被拉長成長堤或利迪河向西，城市所在的水域平均水深1.5公尺。並依靠铁路、公路、桥与陆地相连。城市共由118个小岛组成，并以177条水道、401座桥梁连成一体，以舟相通，故有“水上都市”、“百岛城”、“桥城”之称。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="地層下陷"><span id=".E5.9C.B0.E5.B1.A4.E4.B8.8B.E9.99.B7"></span>地層下陷</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：地層下陷"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>由於座落於地層下陷的沿海環境，威尼斯經常會促成了季節性的<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="高水位" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Acqua alta"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AB%98%E6%B0%B4%E4%BD%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="高水位（页面不存在）">高水位</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acqua_alta" class="extiw" title="en:Acqua alta"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Acqua alta</span></a></span>）</span></span>，威尼斯潟湖的洪峰在此時段將達到最高點，使得城市的大部分表面偶爾會在漲潮時被覆蓋。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="地基"><span id=".E5.9C.B0.E5.9F.BA"></span>地基</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：地基"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>為躲避蠻族的蹂躪，而被迫逃往亞德里亞海上的潟湖上的人民學會一個特殊的建築技術，他們通過以<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%80%90%E6%B0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="耐水（页面不存在）">耐水</a>著稱的<a href="/wiki/%E6%A1%A4%E6%9C%A8" title="桤木">榿木</a>樹幹組成的大木樁打入水底，直到木樁到達更堅硬的壓縮黏土層後打牢<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 。在扎實了地基結構後則在開始鋪上木板興建建築，目前多數建築地基是在樁頂上興建的伊斯特拉石灰石板上建立。<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="氣候"><span id=".E6.B0.A3.E5.80.99"></span>氣候</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：氣候"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>根據<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%AF%E6%9C%AC%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E6%B3%95" title="柯本气候分类法">柯本气候分类法</a>，威尼斯屬中緯度、四個季節的<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%AF%E7%83%AD%E5%B8%A6%E6%B9%BF%E6%B6%A6%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99" title="副热带湿润气候">副热带湿润气候</a>（Cfa），該城市冬季涼爽，夏季炎熱潮濕。1月的24小時平均溫度為3.3°C (37.9°F)，7月的平均溫度為23.0°C (73.4°F)。全年降水分佈相對均勻，平均為748毫米（29.4英寸）；在11月下旬至3月初之間下雪並不罕見。在最嚴酷的冬季，甚至運河和部分潟湖可能會結冰，但隨著過去30-40年的暖化趨勢，這種情況變得越來越罕見。<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height: 1.2em; margin:;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">威尼斯 (1971–2000) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">月份 </th> <th scope="col">1月 </th> <th scope="col">2月 </th> <th scope="col">3月 </th> <th scope="col">4月 </th> <th scope="col">5月 </th> <th scope="col">6月 </th> <th scope="col">7月 </th> <th scope="col">8月 </th> <th scope="col">9月 </th> <th scope="col">10月 </th> <th scope="col">11月 </th> <th scope="col">12月 </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">全年 </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">平均高温 °C（°F） </th> <td style="background: #FFF0E2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.6<br />(43.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFE2C6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.6<br />(47.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFC790; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.5<br />(54.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF5F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.1<br />(61.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8914; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.5<br />(70.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.9<br />(76.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.7<br />(81.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.5<br />(81.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.5<br />(74.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFA144; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.0<br />(64.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFCE9D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.6<br />(52.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.4<br />(45.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFA74F; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">17.2<br />(63.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">日均气温 °C（°F） </th> <td style="background: #F8F8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.3<br />(37.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFFDFC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.7<br />(40.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFE4CA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.3<br />(46.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFCB97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.0<br />(53.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFA851; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.1<br />(62.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9022; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.5<br />(68.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.0<br />(73.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF8205; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.6<br />(72.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B38; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.9<br />(66.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.8<br />(56.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFE8D1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.8<br />(46.0) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.0<br />(39.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFC489; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">13.0<br />(55.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">平均低温 °C（°F） </th> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.1<br />(31.8) </td> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.8<br />(33.4) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.1<br />(39.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFE8D1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.8<br />(46.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFC68D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.7<br />(54.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF5F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.1<br />(61.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F40; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.3<br />(64.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFA449; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.7<br />(63.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFBB77; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.3<br />(57.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFDBB8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.6<br />(49.3) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.0<br />(39.2) </td> <td style="background: #E9E9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.6<br />(33.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFE1C3; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">8.8<br />(47.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">平均<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%8D%E6%B0%B4%E9%87%8F" title="降水量">降水量</a> mm（英寸） </th> <td style="background: #B8FFB8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47.0<br />(1.85) </td> <td style="background: #B0FFB0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48.3<br />(1.90) </td> <td style="background: #B6FFB6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48.8<br />(1.92) </td> <td style="background: #93FF93; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70.0<br />(2.76) </td> <td style="background: #9CFF9C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">66.0<br />(2.60) </td> <td style="background: #86FF86; color:#000000;" class="notheme">78.0<br />(3.07) </td> <td style="background: #9FFF9F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63.9<br />(2.52) </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">64.8<br />(2.55) </td> <td style="background: #90FF90; color:#000000;" class="notheme">72.0<br />(2.83) </td> <td style="background: #91FF91; color:#000000;" class="notheme">73.5<br />(2.89) </td> <td style="background: #9AFF9A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65.5<br />(2.58) </td> <td style="background: #B3FFB3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">50.6<br />(1.99) </td> <td style="background: #A0FFA0; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">748.4<br />(29.46) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">平均降水天数<span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">（≥ 1.0 mm）</span> </th> <td style="background: #B4B4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.0 </td> <td style="background: #B8B8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.2 </td> <td style="background: #B8B8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.7 </td> <td style="background: #9595FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.3 </td> <td style="background: #9999FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.2 </td> <td style="background: #9191FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.6 </td> <td style="background: #B6B6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.9 </td> <td style="background: #B3B3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.1 </td> <td style="background: #B3B3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.9 </td> <td style="background: #ACACFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.7 </td> <td style="background: #B5B5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.8 </td> <td style="background: #B6B6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.9 </td> <td style="background: #ADADFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">78.3 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">平均<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B8%E5%B0%8D%E6%BF%95%E5%BA%A6" title="相對濕度">相對濕度</a>（％） </th> <td style="background: #0000C8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">81 </td> <td style="background: #0000D7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">77 </td> <td style="background: #0000DF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">75 </td> <td style="background: #0000DF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">75 </td> <td style="background: #0000E6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73 </td> <td style="background: #0000E2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">74 </td> <td style="background: #0000EE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71 </td> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72 </td> <td style="background: #0000DF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">75 </td> <td style="background: #0000D7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">77 </td> <td style="background: #0000CF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">79 </td> <td style="background: #0000C8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">81 </td> <td style="background: #0000DC; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">75.8 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">月均<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E7%85%A7%E6%99%82%E6%95%B8" title="日照時數">日照時數</a> </th> <td style="background: #939393; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">80.6 </td> <td style="background: #B5B565; color:#000000;" class="notheme">107.4 </td> <td style="background: #C0C022; color:#000000;" class="notheme">142.6 </td> <td style="background: #D1D100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">174.0 </td> <td style="background: #DEDE00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">229.4 </td> <td style="background: #E3E300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">243.0 </td> <td style="background: #EBEB05; color:#000000;" class="notheme">288.3 </td> <td style="background: #E4E400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">257.3 </td> <td style="background: #D8D800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">198.0 </td> <td style="background: #C4C408; color:#000000;" class="notheme">151.9 </td> <td style="background: #A4A4A4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">87.0 </td> <td style="background: #8D8D8D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">77.5 </td> <td style="background: #CECE00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,037 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E7%85%A7%E6%99%82%E6%95%B8" title="日照時數">可照</a>百分比 </th> <td style="background: #DBDB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29 </td> <td style="background: #EAEA02; color:#000000;" class="notheme">38 </td> <td style="background: #EAEA02; color:#000000;" class="notheme">38 </td> <td style="background: #EFEF0E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">41 </td> <td style="background: #FDFD2E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF63; color:#000000;" class="notheme">62 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF57; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51 </td> <td style="background: #F6F61E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">45 </td> <td style="background: #DBDB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29 </td> <td style="background: #D9D900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28 </td> <td style="background: #F3F316; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">43 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">数据来源1：MeteoAM (sun and humidity 1961–1990)<sup id="cite_ref-SM_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SM-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MAM_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MAM-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">数据来源2：Weather Atlas<sup id="cite_ref-Weather_Atlas_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weather_Atlas-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <table style="width:100%;text-align:center;line-height:1.2em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto" class="wikitable mw-collapsible"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">威尼斯的氣候數據 </th></tr> <tr> <th>Month </th> <th>Jan </th> <th>Feb </th> <th>Mar </th> <th>Apr </th> <th>May </th> <th>Jun </th> <th>Jul </th> <th>Aug </th> <th>Sep </th> <th>Oct </th> <th>Nov </th> <th>Dec </th> <th style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr> <th>Average sea temperature °C (°F) </th> <td style="background:#9494ff; color:#000;">9.9<br />(49.8) </td> <td style="background:#8282ff; color:#000;">8.7<br />(47.7) </td> <td style="background:#9494ff; color:#000;">9.9<br />(49.8) </td> <td style="background:#c9c9ff; color:#000;">13.4<br />(56.1) </td> <td style="background:#ffdf76; color:#000;">18.6<br />(65.5) </td> <td style="background:#ff8100; color:#000;">23.4<br />(74.1) </td> <td style="background:#ff5a00; color:#000;">25.4<br />(77.7) </td> <td style="background:#ff5a00; color:#000;">25.4<br />(77.7) </td> <td style="background:#ff7d00; color:#000;">23.6<br />(74.5) </td> <td style="background:#ffd13b; color:#000;">19.3<br />(66.7) </td> <td style="background:#f0f0ff; color:#000;">16.0<br />(60.8) </td> <td style="background:#c5c5ff; color:#000;">13.2<br />(55.8) </td> <td style="background:#fffaeb; color:#000; border-left-width:medium;">17.2<br />(63.0) </td></tr> <tr> <th>Mean daily daylight hours </th> <td style="background:#e9e900; color:#000;">9.0 </td> <td style="background:#f0f011; color:#000;">10.0 </td> <td style="background:#ff3; color:#000;">12.0 </td> <td style="background:#ff5; color:#000;">14.0 </td> <td style="background:#ff6; color:#000;">15.0 </td> <td style="background:#ff7; color:#000;">16.0 </td> <td style="background:#ff6; color:#000;">15.0 </td> <td style="background:#ff5; color:#000;">14.0 </td> <td style="background:#ff4; color:#000;">13.0 </td> <td style="background:#f7f722; color:#000;">11.0 </td> <td style="background:#f0f011; color:#000;">10.0 </td> <td style="background:#e9e900; color:#000;">9.0 </td> <td style="background:#ffff38; color:#000; border-left-width:medium;">12.3 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Average <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ultraviolet_index&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ultraviolet index（页面不存在）">Ultraviolet index</a> </th> <td style="background:#289500; color:#000;">1 </td> <td style="background:#289500; color:#000;">2 </td> <td style="background:#f7e400; color:#000;">3 </td> <td style="background:#f7e400; color:#000;">5 </td> <td style="background:#f85900; color:#000;">7 </td> <td style="background:#d8001d; color:#000;">8 </td> <td style="background:#d8001d; color:#000;">8 </td> <td style="background:#f85900; color:#000;">7 </td> <td style="background:#f7e400; color:#000;">5 </td> <td style="background:#f7e400; color:#000;">3 </td> <td style="background:#289500; color:#000;">2 </td> <td style="background:#289500; color:#000;">1 </td> <td style="background:#f7e400; color:#000; border-left-width:medium;">4.3 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="14" style="background:#f8f9fa;font-weight:normal;font-size:95%;">Source #1: seatemperature.org (avg. sea temperature)<sup id="cite_ref-seatemperature_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seatemperature-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="14" style="background:#f8f9fa;font-weight:normal;font-size:95%;">Source #2: Weather Atlas<sup id="cite_ref-Weather_Atlas_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weather_Atlas-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="水患"><span id=".E6.B0.B4.E6.82.A3"></span>水患</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：水患"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r70089473/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:612px;max-width:612px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:04a_lido_progetto.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="摩西計劃的麗都入口" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/04a_lido_progetto.jpg/200px-04a_lido_progetto.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/04a_lido_progetto.jpg/300px-04a_lido_progetto.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/04a_lido_progetto.jpg/400px-04a_lido_progetto.jpg 2x" data-file-width="787" data-file-height="595" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">摩西計劃的麗都入口</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:04b_malamocco_progetto.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="摩西計劃的馬拉莫科入口" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/04b_malamocco_progetto.jpg/200px-04b_malamocco_progetto.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/04b_malamocco_progetto.jpg/300px-04b_malamocco_progetto.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/04b_malamocco_progetto.jpg/400px-04b_malamocco_progetto.jpg 2x" data-file-width="787" data-file-height="595" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">摩西計劃的馬拉莫科入口</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:04c_chioggia_progetto.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Chioggia inlet" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/04c_chioggia_progetto.jpg/200px-04c_chioggia_progetto.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/04c_chioggia_progetto.jpg/300px-04c_chioggia_progetto.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/04c_chioggia_progetto.jpg/400px-04c_chioggia_progetto.jpg 2x" data-file-width="787" data-file-height="595" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">摩西計劃的基奧賈入口</div></div></div></div></div> <p>在秋季和早春之間，威尼斯經常面臨從亞得里亞海湧入的<a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%AE%E6%B1%90" title="潮汐">潮汐</a>威脅。六百年前，威尼斯人通過改道流入潟湖的所有主要河流，以保護城市免受陸上的襲擊，從而防止沉積物填滿城市周圍地區。然而這也對城市周遭創造一個更深的潟湖環境，由於威尼斯最低處的聖馬可大教堂僅海拔64厘米（25英寸），因此威尼斯是世界上最容易發生洪水的城市之一。<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>在20世紀，當周遭地質的地下水遭到抽取以為周邊工業區域供水使用後，威尼斯面臨下沈的危機。人們開始意識到從含水層中提取水是造成城市下沈的原因。儘管1960年代禁止自流井以來，下沉速度明顯放緩。然而，這座城市仍然受到更頻繁的低級別洪水的威脅，研究表明，威尼斯平均在每年約1-2毫米相對緩慢的速度漸漸下沉；<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 同時受到<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%8F%98%E6%9A%96" title="全球变暖">全球暖化</a>的影響，導致城市洪水頻率和程度急速增加，因此，城市的洪水警報狀態從來沒有被撤銷，1966年11月4日，大潮湧入威尼斯。<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E9%A9%AC%E5%8F%AF%E5%B9%BF%E5%9C%BA" title="圣马可广场">聖馬可廣場</a>水深逾1.94<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%B0%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="公尺">公尺</a>，五千多人無家可歸，不少藝術作品亦被毀。1996年，水淹高達一百次 <sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>2003年5月，時任意大利總理<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%B0%94%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%A5%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E5%8D%A2%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%E5%B0%BC" title="西尔维奥·贝卢斯科尼">西尔维奥·贝卢斯科尼</a>啟動了<a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E8%A5%BF%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83" title="摩西計劃">摩西計劃</a>（Modulo Sperimentale Elettromeccanico）<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，这项计划设计在3条连接威尼斯<a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%9F%E6%B9%96" title="潟湖">潟湖</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%BE%97%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A%E6%B5%B7" title="亚得里亚海">亚得里亚海</a>的通道上，建造79座裝有鉸鍊樞紐的活动水闸。水闸安装在埋入海底的水泥基座上。当预报有大海潮来袭时，潮汐水位上漲超過1米時，压缩空气就会灌入中空活动板，帮助活动板升高形成堤壩，以阻止<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%BE%97%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A%E6%B5%B7" title="亚得里亚海">亚得里亚海</a>的海水繼續湧入潟湖，這項工程原定於2018年完成<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，但因為經過多次延誤、成本超支和醜聞，導致該項目最終到2021年底完工<sup id="cite_ref-Full_test_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Full_test-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2022completion_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2022completion-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，路透社的一份報告指出，摩西計劃的延誤歸咎於“腐敗醜聞”。2020年10月3日，摩西計劃首次在漲潮事件投入使用，以防止城市的一些低窪地區被洪水淹沒。 </p><p>2019年11月13日，威尼斯再度被洪水淹沒，當時水位達到1.87公尺（6 ft），是自1966年事件以來的最高潮。<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>超過80%的城市遭到海水覆蓋，破壞了包括50多座教堂在內的文化遺產，導致建築物被迫暫停營業參觀。<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_Flood_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC_Flood-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>根據各種消息來源，包括聖馬可大教堂保護負責人馬可·皮亞納（Marco Piana）計劃中的防洪屏障，本來可以防止這一洪水事件發生。威尼斯市長則將洪水歸咎於氣候變化，並承諾防洪屏障的工作將會繼續進行。<sup id="cite_ref-The_Guardian_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Guardian-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="人口"><span id=".E4.BA.BA.E5.8F.A3"></span>人口</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：人口"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84365018">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="toccolours" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption style="border-top:1px #aaa solid;border-left:1px #aaa solid;border-right:1px #aaa solid;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,lavender);padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold;color:inherit">历史人口</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-interactive,black);padding:1px;width:3em">年份</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-interactive,black);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right">人口</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-interactive,black);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="变化百分比">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1000 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">60,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1200 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">80,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+33.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1300 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">180,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+125.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1400 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">110,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−38.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1423 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">150,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+36.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1500 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">100,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−33.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1560 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">170,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+70.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1600 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">200,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+17.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1700 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">140,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−30.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1800 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">140,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+0.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1901 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">189,389</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+35.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1911 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">208,463</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+10.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1931 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">250,327</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+20.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1951 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">316,891</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+26.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1961 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">347,347</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+9.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1981 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">346,146</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2001 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">271,073</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−21.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2011 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">260,856</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−3.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2019 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">258,685</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.8%</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>威尼斯是中世紀晚期歐洲最大的城市之一，在西元1000年便有60,000人口；1200年則達到80,000人；並在1300年上升到110,000–180,000人。在 1500年代中期，該市的人口為170,000，到了1600年接近200,000人。<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 根據2009年的人口紀錄，威尼斯共有270,098人居住（估計人口為 272,000人，其中威尼斯市區約60,000人，特拉弗馬（大陸）約176,000人；潟湖其他島嶼上共有31,000人); 約有47.4% 為男性，52.6%為女性。未成年人（18歲及以下）則佔人口的 14.36%，領取養老金的老人則佔25.7%。相比之下，義大利其他城市的平均水平分別為 18.06% 和 19.94%。威尼斯居民的平均年齡為46歲，而義大利的平均年齡為42歲。在2002年至2007年的五年間，威尼斯人口下降了0.2%，而意大利整體增長了 3.85%。<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>反映出這座歷史老城的人口下降更快：從1980年的約 120,000人下降到2009年約60,000人，並在2016年降至55,000人以下。<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>截至2018年，威尼斯86%的人口是意大利人。最大的移民群體包括：5,934 (2.3%)孟加拉國人、5,578 (2.1%)羅馬尼亞人、4,460 (1.7%)摩爾多瓦人、3,351 (1.3%)中國人和 2,511 (1%)烏克蘭人。<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="宗教"><span id=".E5.AE.97.E6.95.99"></span>宗教</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：宗教"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>威尼斯主要信奉<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="天主教會">羅馬天主教</a>（2018年威尼斯宗主教區居民人口約為85.0%<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>），但由於與<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E5%A3%AB%E5%9D%A6%E4%B8%81%E5%A0%A1" title="君士坦丁堡">君士坦丁堡</a>的長期交集，東正教在城市也具有很大的影響；由於移民因素，現在威尼斯也有龐大的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%E6%9E%97" title="穆斯林">穆斯林</a>社區（2018年約有25,000人，占城市人口的9.5%<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>）和一些<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%95%99" title="印度教">印度教</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="佛教">佛教</a>居民。 </p><p>自1991年以來，威尼斯聖喬治教堂已成為意大利和馬耳他希臘東正教總教區和南歐總主教區的教區，是君士坦丁堡普世宗主教管轄下的拜占庭式教區。<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>威尼斯還有一個歷史悠久的猶太社區。威尼斯猶太人區是猶太人被迫生活在威尼斯共和國統治下的區域。<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%9A%E9%9B%86%E5%8D%80" class="mw-redirect" title="聚集區">聚集區</a>（ghetto）這個詞就此威尼斯語創立，現在在許多語言中都還可以找到。莎士比亞寫於16世紀後期的戲劇《<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%95%86%E4%BA%BA" title="威尼斯商人">威尼斯商人</a>》，中已放高利貸致富的夏洛克（Shylock）就是居住在威尼斯的猶太人。在第二次世界大戰期間，居住在威尼斯的猶太人遭到圍捕並被驅逐到<a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%85%E7%B5%95%E7%87%9F" title="滅絕營">滅絕營</a>，而自戰爭結束以後，威尼斯的猶太人口從1500人減少到大約500人。<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>只有大約30名猶太人居住在該市過去的猶太人區中。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="語言"><span id=".E8.AA.9E.E8.A8.80"></span>語言</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：語言"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="威尼斯語">威尼斯語</a>是威尼斯的居民最常使用的語言，屬<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="罗曼语族">羅曼語族</a>的其中一種，目前有超過200萬人使用這種語言，其中大部分是在義大利的威尼托地區。在發音、句子結構和詞彙方面與標準的<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E8%AF%AD" title="意大利语">意大利語</a>有很大不同<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，自2007年3月28日已被威尼托地區委員會認可為一種語言。<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="區域劃分"><span id=".E5.8D.80.E5.9F.9F.E5.8A.83.E5.88.86"></span>區域劃分</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：區域劃分"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Venezia_-_mappa_municipalit%C3%A0.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Venezia_-_mappa_municipalit%C3%A0.png/170px-Venezia_-_mappa_municipalit%C3%A0.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Venezia_-_mappa_municipalit%C3%A0.png/255px-Venezia_-_mappa_municipalit%C3%A0.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Venezia_-_mappa_municipalit%C3%A0.png/340px-Venezia_-_mappa_municipalit%C3%A0.png 2x" data-file-width="367" data-file-height="387" /></a><figcaption>威尼斯的區域劃分</figcaption></figure> <p>威尼斯島劃分成六個區域，<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E5%B0%94%E7%B4%A2%E6%9D%9C%E7%BD%97%E5%8C%BA" title="多尔索杜罗区">多爾索杜羅區</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E9%A9%AC%E5%8F%AF%E5%8C%BA" title="圣马可区">聖馬可區</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%8C%BA" title="圣十字区">聖十字區</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E7%BA%B3%E9%9B%B7%E5%90%89%E6%AC%A7%E5%8C%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="卡纳雷吉欧区">卡納雷吉歐區</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E4%BF%9D%E7%BD%97%E5%8C%BA_(%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF)" title="圣保罗区 (威尼斯)">聖保羅區</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E5%A0%A1%E5%8C%BA_(%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF)" title="城堡区 (威尼斯)">城堡區</a>。威尼斯島與鄰近地區則包含六个地区： </p> <dl><dt>岛屿</dt> <dd>1) 威尼斯历史城区-<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E6%8B%89%E8%AF%BA%E5%B2%9B" title="穆拉诺岛">穆拉诺岛</a></dd></dl> <dl><dd>2) <a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E5%A4%9A" title="利多">利多</a>-Pellestrina（<i>Venezia litorale</i>）</dd></dl> <dl><dt>陆地</dt> <dd>3) Favaro Veneto</dd></dl> <dl><dd>4) <a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%85%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E9%9B%B7" title="梅斯特雷">梅斯特雷</a>-Carpenedo（<i>Mestre centro</i>）</dd></dl> <dl><dd>5) <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E7%BA%B3%E9%9B%B7%E5%90%89%E6%AC%A7%E5%8C%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="卡纳雷吉欧区">卡納雷吉歐區</a>-Zelarino</dd></dl> <dl><dd>6) <a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E7%88%BE%E8%93%8B%E6%8B%89" class="mw-redirect" title="馬爾蓋拉">馬爾蓋拉</a></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="經濟"><span id=".E7.B6.93.E6.BF.9F"></span>經濟</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节：經濟"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gondola_convoy,_Grand_Canal,_Venice.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Gondola_convoy%2C_Grand_Canal%2C_Venice.jpg/275px-Gondola_convoy%2C_Grand_Canal%2C_Venice.jpg" decoding="async" width="275" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Gondola_convoy%2C_Grand_Canal%2C_Venice.jpg/413px-Gondola_convoy%2C_Grand_Canal%2C_Venice.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Gondola_convoy%2C_Grand_Canal%2C_Venice.jpg/550px-Gondola_convoy%2C_Grand_Canal%2C_Venice.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3520" data-file-height="1577" /></a><figcaption>幾艘貢多拉停靠在威尼斯</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%E6%B0%B4%E9%81%93%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E6%8C%87%E7%A4%BA.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%E6%B0%B4%E9%81%93%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E6%8C%87%E7%A4%BA.JPG/220px-%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%E6%B0%B4%E9%81%93%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E6%8C%87%E7%A4%BA.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%E6%B0%B4%E9%81%93%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E6%8C%87%E7%A4%BA.JPG/330px-%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%E6%B0%B4%E9%81%93%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E6%8C%87%E7%A4%BA.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%E6%B0%B4%E9%81%93%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E6%8C%87%E7%A4%BA.JPG/440px-%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%E6%B0%B4%E9%81%93%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E6%8C%87%E7%A4%BA.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="5472" /></a><figcaption>威尼斯水道的交通指示装置。由此图可知，此水道限宽2.2米，限速5km/h</figcaption></figure> <p>威尼斯的經濟在整個歷史上時常發生劇烈變化。儘管關於最早年份經濟的具體文獻很少，但促使該城市繁榮的一個重要經歷來源，很可能為<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%B4%E9%9A%B8%E8%B2%BF%E6%98%93" title="奴隸貿易">奴隸貿易</a>，這些奴隸在中歐被俘並並出售到<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%9D%9E" title="北非">北非</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8E%E5%87%A1%E7%89%B9" title="黎凡特">黎凡特</a>等地。由於威尼斯位於<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%BE%97%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A%E6%B5%B7" title="亚得里亚海">亞得里亞海</a>上游，<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E5%8D%91%E6%96%AF%E5%B1%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="阿爾卑斯山">阿爾卑斯山</a>上的布倫納山口終點以南，作為這一重要貿易的重要地理位置，使得威尼斯具有明顯的優勢，並在中世紀和文藝復興時期成為重要的商業和貿易中心，控制著廣闊海洋的巨大帝國，也使得威尼斯在當時成為極其富有的歐洲城市，和政治和經濟事務的領導之都。在11世紀到15世紀，威尼斯經常提供前往聖地的朝聖活動。<sup id="cite_ref-aboutvenice.org_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aboutvenice.org-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E9%82%A3%E4%BA%9A" title="热那亚">熱那亞</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E8%90%A8" title="比萨">比薩</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%B5%9B" title="马赛">馬賽</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E7%A7%91%E7%BA%B3" title="安科纳">安科納</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%9C%E5%B8%83%E7%BE%85%E5%A4%AB%E5%B0%BC%E5%85%8B" title="杜布羅夫尼克">杜布羅夫尼克</a>等其他港口共同競爭。<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>來自新朱爾法（Julfa）的亞美尼亞商人是過去威尼斯的主要商人，尤其是17世紀的謝里曼家族（Sceriman）最為強盛。他們專門從事寶石和鑽石業務。年度貿易量則達到百萬噸以上，這在17世紀是非常罕見的情況。<sup id="cite_ref-#1_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-#1-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 然而隨後威尼斯的貿易帝國被葡萄牙等國接管，導致作為海軍強國的重要性降低。在18世紀，威尼斯成為主要的農業和工業出口國。18世紀中最大的工業園區就是威尼斯兵工廠，這是一個涵蓋造船廠、軍械庫和武器商店的龐大工業建築群，直到今天意大利軍隊仍在使用，一些空間則重新活化成藝術空間。自二戰以來，許多威尼斯人搬到了鄰近的城市<a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%85%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E9%9B%B7" title="梅斯特雷">梅斯特雷</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E7%88%BE%E8%93%8B%E6%8B%89" class="mw-redirect" title="馬爾蓋拉">馬爾蓋拉</a>港，以在當地尋找就業機會和找到負擔得起的住房。.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-#1_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-#1-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 今天，威尼斯的經濟主要以旅遊業、造船業（主要在梅斯特雷和馬爾蓋拉港）、服務業、貿易和工業出口為主。<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E6%8B%89%E8%AF%BA%E5%B2%9B" title="穆拉诺岛">穆拉諾</a>該島精細華麗的琉璃工藝也對於經濟發展也非常重要。[90]然而，這也改變了當代威尼斯的人口結構和經濟形態，使這座城市正面臨了財務與多種層面的挑戰。2016年底，威尼斯的預算出現重大赤字，債務超過4億歐元。據《衛報》報導，「實際上，這個地方已經破產了」。<sup id="cite_ref-theguardian.com_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-theguardian.com-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>由於租金迅速上漲，導致當地居住的人口正逐年減少。正如2016年10月《<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86_(%E6%9D%82%E5%BF%97)" title="国家地理 (杂志)">國家地理雜誌</a>》的一篇文章指出，威尼斯當地人口的減少影響了這座城市的特徵：“居民正在放棄這座城市，威尼斯可能將成為一個價格過高的主題樂園”。至今仍留在城市的居民大多仰賴觀光收入維生，遊輪大量排放的柴油顆粒與廢氣也嚴重汙染瀉湖，使得城市的環境也受到巨大的破壞。 </p><p>2017年6月，意大利被要求救助兩家威尼斯銀行——Banca Popolare di Vicenza和Veneto Banca以防止它們破產<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。目前兩家銀行都已倒閉，其資產價值將由<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9C%A3%E4%BF%9D%E7%BD%97%E9%93%B6%E8%A1%8C" title="意大利联合圣保罗银行">義大利聯合聖保羅銀行</a>接管，該銀行將獲得52億歐元的補償。意大利政府將對關閉銀行的任何無法收回的貸款造成的損失負責。<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="旅遊業"><span id=".E6.97.85.E9.81.8A.E6.A5.AD"></span>旅遊業</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节：旅遊業"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>威尼斯是當代歐洲旅遊最為重要的目的地<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica.com-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。該市每天接待多達60,000名遊客（2017 年估計）。<sup id="cite_ref-telegraph.co.uk_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-telegraph.co.uk-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-independent.co.uk_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-independent.co.uk-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>每年的遊客人數估計在2200萬到3000萬之間。，不過這種“過度旅遊”給對威尼斯的生態系統造成過度擁擠和環境的問題。到2017年，<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B%E6%95%99%E7%A7%91%E6%96%87%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" class="mw-redirect" title="聯合國教科文組織">聯合國教科文組織</a>正在考慮將威尼斯列入其“瀕危”名單，其中包括飽受戰爭蹂躪的國家歷史遺跡。為了減少對威尼斯造成不可逆轉變化的遊客數量，該機構支持政府限制當地的遊輪數量，<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>以及實施更能夠對城市有益且能持續的旅遊業戰略。<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>自18世紀以來，旅遊業一直是威尼斯經濟的重要組成部分，當時威尼斯以其美麗的城市景觀、獨特性以及豐富的音樂和藝術文化遺產——成為歐洲貴族子弟進行<a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%AF%E9%81%8A" title="壯遊">壯遊</a>的一站。19世紀，威尼斯成為“富豪名流”的時尚中心，他們經常在<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%BE%E6%B6%85%E5%88%A9%E9%85%92%E5%BA%97" title="达涅利酒店">達涅利酒店</a>和弗洛里安咖啡廳等豪華場所下榻用餐，1980年代，<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%E7%8B%82%E6%AD%A1%E7%AF%80" class="mw-redirect" title="威尼斯狂歡節">威尼斯狂歡節</a>再度興起；目前這座城市已成為國際會議和節日的主要中心，如著名的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%E9%9B%99%E5%B9%B4%E5%B1%95" class="mw-redirect" title="威尼斯雙年展">威尼斯雙年展</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%E9%9B%BB%E5%BD%B1%E7%AF%80" class="mw-redirect" title="威尼斯電影節">威尼斯電影節</a>，其戲劇、文化、電影、藝術和音樂作品等活動也在當地舉辦，吸引了來自世界各地的遊客。<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>今天，威尼斯開放許多景點供人參觀，如<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E9%A6%AC%E5%8F%AF%E5%A4%A7%E6%95%99%E5%A0%82" class="mw-redirect" title="聖馬可大教堂">聖馬可大教堂</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%80%BB%E7%9D%A3%E5%AE%AB_(%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF)" title="总督宫 (威尼斯)">總督宮</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%BF%90%E6%B2%B3" title="大运河">大運河</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E9%A9%AC%E5%8F%AF%E5%B9%BF%E5%9C%BA" title="圣马可广场">聖馬可廣場</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E5%A4%9A" title="利多">麗都</a>也是一個受歡迎的國際目的地，吸引了成千上萬的演員、評論家、名人和電影行業的其他人到訪度假。該市也擁有相當龐大的郵輪業務。根據2015年的一份報告，威尼斯郵輪委員會估計從郵輪到訪城市的乘客們，每年在該市花費超過1.5億歐元（1.93億美元）。威尼斯被一些人視為旅遊陷阱，而另一些人則將城市視為“活的博物館”。 </p><p>2024年4月，威尼斯當局以調控一日遊旅客人數為由，規定一日遊遊客若在4月下旬至7月中旬中的29天熱門日期來到威尼斯，需要購票，門票為5歐元。若一日遊遊客被發現沒有買門票，則會面臨50至300歐元的罰款。<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="農業和漁業"><span id=".E8.BE.B2.E6.A5.AD.E5.92.8C.E6.BC.81.E6.A5.AD"></span>農業和漁業</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&action=edit&section=18" title="编辑章节：農業和漁業"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>2001年，威尼斯只有大約760人從事潟湖農業，他們為老城市場提供主要來自<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E4%BC%8A%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E8%8E%AB%E5%B3%B6" title="聖伊拉斯莫島">聖伊拉斯莫島</a>的食物。在地從事海洋捕撈工作的獨資公司僅有366家。<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E5%AD%94%E8%B2%BD%E8%B2%9D" title="無孔貽貝">無孔貽貝</a>的捕撈也是當地重要的漁業資源之一，在潟湖附近則建造由蘆葦床、成排的桿或水壩劃定的魚類養殖場，覆蓋了550平方公里潟湖中的92平方公里。<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="交通"><span id=".E4.BA.A4.E9.80.9A"></span>交通</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&action=edit&section=19" title="编辑章节：交通"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Venice_as_seen_from_the_air_with_bridge_to_mainland.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Venice_as_seen_from_the_air_with_bridge_to_mainland.jpg/220px-Venice_as_seen_from_the_air_with_bridge_to_mainland.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Venice_as_seen_from_the_air_with_bridge_to_mainland.jpg/330px-Venice_as_seen_from_the_air_with_bridge_to_mainland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Venice_as_seen_from_the_air_with_bridge_to_mainland.jpg/440px-Venice_as_seen_from_the_air_with_bridge_to_mainland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>威尼斯的鳥瞰圖，包括通往大陸的自由橋。</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vaporetti_Venice_Lagoon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Vaporetti_Venice_Lagoon.jpg/220px-Vaporetti_Venice_Lagoon.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Vaporetti_Venice_Lagoon.jpg/330px-Vaporetti_Venice_Lagoon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Vaporetti_Venice_Lagoon.jpg/440px-Vaporetti_Venice_Lagoon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2700" data-file-height="1671" /></a><figcaption>大運河上的汽艇</figcaption></figure> <p>威尼斯建在一個由 118 個島嶼組成的群島上，位於一個550平方公里（212平方英里）的淺潟湖中，由177條<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E9%81%93" title="水道">水道</a>上的400座<a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%8B%E6%A8%91" class="mw-redirect" title="橋樑">橋樑</a>交織而成。19世紀，一條通往大陸的堤道將鐵路帶到了威尼斯。鐵路長堤把威尼斯主島西北部與義大利半島連接起來。20世紀，又加建公路長堤和泊車場。威尼斯主島西北部的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%A3%E6%94%BE%E6%A1%A5_(%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9)" title="解放桥 (意大利)">解放橋</a>因而成為<a href="/wiki/%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF" title="鐵路">鐵路</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E8%B7%AF" title="道路">道路</a>的入口處。<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%A1%94%E9%9C%B2%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E8%BB%8A%E7%AB%99" class="mw-redirect" title="聖塔露西亞車站">聖塔露西亞車站</a>則是威尼斯唯一的<a href="/wiki/%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF" title="鐵路">鐵路</a>車站。除了城市北部邊緣的鐵路和公路終點站之外，由於城市歷史中心內中心舊市區街道狹窄，<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8B%E6%B2%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="運河">運河</a>取代了<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E8%B7%AF" title="公路">公路</a>的功能，主要的交通模式是步行與水上交通。目前威尼斯是歐洲最大的城市無車區。在21世紀，這座無車都市是相當獨特的。 </p><p>現今威尼斯人通常會使用較為經濟的水上巴士（<i>vaporetti</i>）穿行市內主要水道和威尼斯的其他小島，近年，威尼斯也是國際郵輪的頭號目的地，但到了2021年8月1日起，義大利當局規定禁止超過2萬5000噸的船隻駛入威尼斯，未來只有小型客輪及貨船才能駛入威尼斯，大型遊輪必須改停泊在鄰近的港口城市<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89" title="馬格拉">馬格拉</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="貢多拉"><span id=".E8.B2.A2.E5.A4.9A.E6.8B.89"></span>貢多拉</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&action=edit&section=20" title="编辑章节：貢多拉"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>「<a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%A2%E5%A4%9A%E6%8B%89" class="mw-redirect" title="貢多拉">貢多拉</a>」是威尼斯最具代表性和道統的水上代步小船，几世纪以来一直是威尼斯境内主要的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="交通工具">交通工具</a>，貢多拉長度限制在11公尺以下，寬度限制為1.75公尺，重量限制為700公斤。例如，主要類型的貢多拉是由造船者多梅尼科·特拉蒙廷（Domenico Tramontin）家族經營的小船工廠開發，現保存最古老的貢多拉可以追溯到1890年。至今至少有三個造船廠也建造了貢多拉。貢多拉的類型包括Barchéta da traghetto、 Disdotona（由12名划船者駕駛）、Gondolin（小型貢多拉）、Gondolin （大型貢多拉）、Balotina和Mussin （船頭向前傾斜，其他設計類似於貢多林）。它們都有一個共同的不對稱設計。小船略微向右傾斜，以平衡右手舵與左轉向的壓力以及站在左側的船夫重量。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="機場"><span id=".E6.A9.9F.E5.A0.B4"></span>機場</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&action=edit&section=21" title="编辑章节：機場"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>威尼斯的國際機場是<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%E2%80%94%E6%B3%B0%E5%A1%9E%E6%8B%89%E9%A9%AC%E5%8F%AF%C2%B7%E6%B3%A2%E7%BD%97%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%9C%BA%E5%9C%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="威尼斯—泰塞拉马可·波罗国际机场">馬可波羅國際機場</a>，這是以著名的威尼斯人<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%8F%AF%E6%B3%A2%E7%BE%85" class="mw-redirect" title="馬可波羅">馬可波羅</a>來命名的。這個機場建立在威尼斯對岸的義大利半島上，並遠離海岸線，不過前往威尼斯的水上運輸工具距離航站步行只需7分鐘。特雷維索機場則距離威尼斯約30公里（19 英里），主要由低成本航空公司使用。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="建築"><span id=".E5.BB.BA.E7.AF.89"></span>建築</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&action=edit&section=22" title="编辑章节：建築"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="世界遺產"><span id=".E4.B8.96.E7.95.8C.E9.81.BA.E7.94.A2"></span>世界遺產</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&action=edit&section=23" title="编辑章节：世界遺產"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title category" style="font-size:125%;">威尼斯及其<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%E6%BD%9F%E6%B9%96" title="威尼斯潟湖">潟湖</a></caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="padding:0.2em;background:#ddd;font-size:100%;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E9%81%97%E4%BA%A7" title="世界遗产">世界遗产</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-top:1px #aaa solid;padding-top:0.4em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:View_of_the_Grand_Canal_from_Rialto_to_Ca%27Foscari.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/View_of_the_Grand_Canal_from_Rialto_to_Ca%27Foscari.jpg/320px-View_of_the_Grand_Canal_from_Rialto_to_Ca%27Foscari.jpg" decoding="async" width="320" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/View_of_the_Grand_Canal_from_Rialto_to_Ca%27Foscari.jpg/480px-View_of_the_Grand_Canal_from_Rialto_to_Ca%27Foscari.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/View_of_the_Grand_Canal_from_Rialto_to_Ca%27Foscari.jpg/640px-View_of_the_Grand_Canal_from_Rialto_to_Ca%27Foscari.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7360" data-file-height="4026" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">威尼斯大運河</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em; white-space:nowrap;;">官方名稱</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span lang="en">Venice and its Lagoon</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span><br /><span lang="fr">Venise et sa lagune</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="法語">（法文）</span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em; white-space:nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%9C%8B%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E9%81%BA%E7%94%A2%E6%95%B8%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="各國世界遺產數列表">位置</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/22px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/33px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/44px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="義大利">義大利</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E5%8C%97%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E9%81%97%E4%BA%A7%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="欧洲和北美地区世界遗产列表">欧洲和北美地区</a>）</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em; white-space:nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E9%81%97%E4%BA%A7#登錄基準" title="世界遗产">標準</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E9%81%97%E4%BA%A7" title="文化遗产">文化</a>：(i)(ii)(iii)(iv)(v)(vi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em; white-space:nowrap;;">参考编码</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/394">394</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em; white-space:nowrap;;">登录年份</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1987年（第11屆<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E9%81%BA%E7%94%A2%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E6%9C%83" title="世界遺產委員會">會議</a>）</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em; white-space:nowrap;;">面积</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">70,176.4 公顷</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>當前的威尼斯共分為六個區域：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E7%BA%B3%E9%9B%B7%E5%90%89%E6%AC%A7%E5%8C%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="卡纳雷吉欧区">卡納雷吉歐區</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E4%BF%9D%E7%BD%97%E5%8C%BA_(%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF)" title="圣保罗区 (威尼斯)">圣保罗区</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E5%B0%94%E7%B4%A2%E6%9D%9C%E7%BD%97%E5%8C%BA" title="多尔索杜罗区">多尔索杜罗区</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%8C%BA" title="圣十字区">圣十字区</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E9%A9%AC%E5%8F%AF%E5%8C%BA" title="圣马可区">圣马可区</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E5%A0%A1%E5%8C%BA_(%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF)" title="城堡区 (威尼斯)">城堡区</a>。由於威尼斯市區建在潟湖最不穩定的泥灘上，導致該城市在中世紀時市中心相當擁擠。另一方面，由於比大多數歐洲城市更早地遠離騷亂、內亂和入侵，加上運河對於城市的巨大經濟效應等因素，更造就了這座城市日後發展具有獨特性的建築風格。 </p><p>威尼斯的建築風格豐富多樣，其中最突出的是<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E7%89%B9%E5%BC%8F%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91" title="哥特式建筑">哥特式建筑</a>。威尼斯哥特式建築是威尼斯建築風格的一個術語，由於受到<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%9C%E5%8D%A0%E5%BA%AD" title="拜占庭">拜占庭</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="奥斯曼帝国">奧斯曼帝國</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99" title="西班牙">西班牙</a>和威尼斯東部貿易夥伴的伊斯蘭國家影響，威尼斯的哥特式建築結合了不少柳葉刀拱門和彎曲的蔥形拱特徵。融合了君士坦丁堡的拜占庭風格，這種風格的著名案例是該市的<a href="/wiki/%E6%80%BB%E7%9D%A3%E5%AE%AB_(%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF)" title="总督宫 (威尼斯)">總督宮</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E9%87%91%E5%AE%AB" title="黄金宫">黄金宫</a>。這座城市還保存幾座文藝復興時期和巴洛克風格的建築，包括<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%A9%E8%90%A8%E7%BD%97%E5%AE%AB" title="佩萨罗宫">佩薩羅宮</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B7%E4%BD%90%E5%B0%BC%E7%A7%91%E5%AE%AB" title="雷佐尼科宫">雷佐尼科宮</a>。文藝復興時期的建築在大約1470年代時才真正流行起來。與意大利其他地區相比，威尼斯的文藝復興建築和巴洛克式建築，在過渡期時則保留了哥特式宮殿的大部分典型形式，使得大運河較擁擠的建築群軸線變得變得和諧。 </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ponte_dei_Sospiri_in_2019.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Ponte_dei_Sospiri_in_2019.jpg/220px-Ponte_dei_Sospiri_in_2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="311" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Ponte_dei_Sospiri_in_2019.jpg/330px-Ponte_dei_Sospiri_in_2019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Ponte_dei_Sospiri_in_2019.jpg/440px-Ponte_dei_Sospiri_in_2019.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2826" /></a><figcaption>威尼斯最著名的橋梁之一的<a href="/wiki/%E5%98%86%E6%81%AF%E6%A9%8B" title="嘆息橋">嘆息橋</a>，是一座連接法院與監獄兩處的一座密封式拱橋，名稱因傳說死囚在行刑前的一刻通橋，因感嘆即將結束的人生而得名。</figcaption></figure> <p><br /> 1987年，威尼斯和附近的潟湖被<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B%E6%95%99%E7%A7%91%E6%96%87%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" class="mw-redirect" title="聯合國教科文組織">聯合國教科文組織</a>提名為<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E9%81%BA%E7%94%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="世界文化遺產">世界文化遺產</a>。认为其满足以下六个<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E9%81%97%E4%BA%A7#登錄基準" title="世界遗产">获选条件</a>。 </p> <ol><li>威尼斯是一項獨特的藝術成就，這座城市建在約118個小島上，彷彿漂浮在潟湖的水面上，構成一幅令人難忘的風景，其美景啟發了<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E7%BA%B3%E8%8E%B1%E6%89%98" class="mw-redirect" title="加纳莱托">加纳莱托</a>、賈科莫·瓜爾迪、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E7%8E%9B%E7%BD%97%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E7%89%B9%E7%BA%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="约瑟夫·玛罗德·威廉·特纳">約瑟夫·瑪羅德·威廉·特納</a>在內的許多畫家。威尼斯的潟湖也保存世界上最集中的教堂傑作之一：從<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E6%AF%8D%E5%8D%87%E5%A4%A9%E5%9C%A3%E6%AE%BF_(%E6%89%98%E5%B0%94%E5%88%87%E6%B4%9B%E5%B2%9B)" title="圣母升天圣殿 (托尔切洛岛)">聖母升天聖殿</a>到<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%BA%B7%E5%9C%A3%E6%AF%8D%E5%9C%A3%E6%AE%BF" title="安康圣母圣殿">安康聖母聖殿</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E6%96%B9%E6%B5%8E%E4%BC%9A%E8%8D%A3%E8%80%80%E5%9C%A3%E6%AF%8D%E5%9C%A3%E6%AE%BF" title="圣方济会荣耀圣母圣殿">聖方濟會榮耀聖母聖殿</a> 和<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E6%B4%9B%E5%85%8B%E5%A4%A7%E6%9C%83%E5%A0%82" class="mw-redirect" title="聖洛克大會堂">聖洛克大會堂</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%96%AC%E6%B2%BB%E9%A6%AC%E7%84%A6%E9%9B%B7%E8%81%96%E6%AE%BF" title="聖喬治馬焦雷聖殿">聖喬治馬焦雷聖殿</a>等。（文化遗产标准一）；</li> <li>威尼斯對於建築和文化發展的影響相當龐大；首先通過威尼斯共和國的貿易站，沿著達爾馬提亞海岸、小亞細亞和埃及、愛奧尼亞海、伯羅奔尼撒、克里特島和塞浦路斯的島嶼等等的建築物，顯然是也是按照威尼斯當地的模式所建造。但是當城市失去對海上貿易的影響力時，威尼斯則以一種不同的方式持續發揮了它的影響力，這要歸功創立<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%E7%94%BB%E6%B4%BE" title="威尼斯画派">威尼斯畫派</a>的偉大畫家<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%94%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%BC%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E5%88%A9%E5%B0%BC" title="乔瓦尼·贝利尼">喬瓦尼·貝利尼</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%94%E5%B0%94%E4%B9%94%E5%86%85" title="乔尔乔内">喬久內</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%8F%90%E9%BD%8A%E5%AE%89%E8%AB%BE%C2%B7%E7%B6%AD%E4%BC%BD%E7%95%A5" title="提齊安諾·維伽略">提齊安諾·維伽略</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%81%E6%89%98%E5%88%97%E6%89%98" title="丁托列托">丁托列托</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E7%BD%97%C2%B7%E5%A7%94%E7%BD%97%E5%86%85%E5%A1%9E" title="保罗·委罗内塞">保羅·委羅內塞</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AC%E5%87%A1%E5%B0%BC%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E6%8F%90%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94%C2%B7%E6%8F%90%E4%B9%9F%E6%B3%A2%E6%B4%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="喬凡尼·巴提斯塔·提也波洛">喬凡尼·巴提斯塔·提也波洛</a>，以全新的技派徹底改變了對美術運動中空間、光線和色彩的感知，從而為整個歐洲繪畫和裝飾藝術的發展奠下了里程碑。（文化遗产标准二）；</li> <li>威尼斯作為歷史考古遺址的不尋常之處，是城市到了至今仍然充滿生機，這座海洋城市最特別之處是作為東方與西方、伊斯蘭教與基督教之間交流的紐帶，其特殊的文化也藉由數以千計的古蹟和過去的遺跡中持續保存著。（文化遗产标准三）；</li> <li>威尼斯保存了一系列無與倫比的建築群，展示了過去共和國時期輝煌的高度。從聖馬可廣場等偉大的建築物，到位於其六個區域 (Sestieri) 中簡樸的住宅，包括13世紀的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%E4%BC%9A%E5%A0%82" title="威尼斯会堂">威尼斯會堂</a>，呈現出完整的中世紀城市典範，並與地質特殊的環境特徵密切相關。（文化遗产标准四）；</li> <li>在地中海地區，威尼斯潟湖是半湖濱棲息地中的一個特別環境，但由於不可逆轉的自然和氣候變化，該棲息地目前已經變得脆弱。在這個連貫的生態系統中，泥濘的架子也與島嶼一樣重要，導致樁住宅、漁村和稻田這些特殊區域也需要得到保護，其價值本身並不亞於宮殿和教堂。（文化遗产标准五）；</li> <li>威尼斯的存在為人民戰勝強權的象徵，因為他們設法建立了這個城市以抵禦強國的威脅，這座城市更與人類歷史有著直接而切實的聯繫。威尼斯共和國從棲息的小島，將領土延伸到潟湖、亞得里亞海和地中海之外。馬可波羅也是從威尼斯出發來到東亞地區。他在聖洛倫佐的陵墓，也讓人想起威尼斯商人在在推助地理大發現的貢獻。（文化遗产标准六）；</li></ol> <p>1987年12月，<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B%E6%95%99%E7%A7%91%E6%96%87%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" class="mw-redirect" title="聯合國教科文組織">聯合國教科文組織</a>世界遗产委员会第11次会议决定将威尼斯收入世界遗产名录，编号第394号<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。2021年，由於當地居民與環保人士抗議巨型遊輪的通行造成當地空氣污染，嚴重威脅脆弱的生態與運河環境，導致聯合國教科文組織要求威尼斯市政府提出改善措施，後在2021年8月1日起，義大利當局規定禁止超過2萬5000噸的船隻駛入威尼斯。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="廣場"><span id=".E5.BB.A3.E5.A0.B4"></span>廣場</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&action=edit&section=24" title="编辑章节：廣場"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 420px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 418px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Piazzetta_San_Marco_Venice_BLS.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="聖馬可廣場"><img alt="聖馬可廣場" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Piazzetta_San_Marco_Venice_BLS.jpg/627px-Piazzetta_San_Marco_Venice_BLS.jpg" decoding="async" width="418" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Piazzetta_San_Marco_Venice_BLS.jpg/940px-Piazzetta_San_Marco_Venice_BLS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Piazzetta_San_Marco_Venice_BLS.jpg/1254px-Piazzetta_San_Marco_Venice_BLS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="12912" data-file-height="5564" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">聖馬可廣場</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 226px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 224px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Doge%27s_Palace_Venice_at_night-msu-2021-6398-.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="总督宫"><img alt="总督宫" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Doge%27s_Palace_Venice_at_night-msu-2021-6398-.jpg/336px-Doge%27s_Palace_Venice_at_night-msu-2021-6398-.jpg" decoding="async" width="224" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Doge%27s_Palace_Venice_at_night-msu-2021-6398-.jpg/504px-Doge%27s_Palace_Venice_at_night-msu-2021-6398-.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Doge%27s_Palace_Venice_at_night-msu-2021-6398-.jpg/672px-Doge%27s_Palace_Venice_at_night-msu-2021-6398-.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5158" data-file-height="4146" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">总督宫</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 96px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 94px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Campanile_della_Basilica_di_San_Marco_a_Venezia.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="聖馬可鐘樓"><img alt="聖馬可鐘樓" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Campanile_della_Basilica_di_San_Marco_a_Venezia.jpg/141px-Campanile_della_Basilica_di_San_Marco_a_Venezia.jpg" decoding="async" width="94" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Campanile_della_Basilica_di_San_Marco_a_Venezia.jpg/212px-Campanile_della_Basilica_di_San_Marco_a_Venezia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Campanile_della_Basilica_di_San_Marco_a_Venezia.jpg/283px-Campanile_della_Basilica_di_San_Marco_a_Venezia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2789" data-file-height="5320" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">聖馬可鐘樓</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 272px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 270px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Libreria_Marciana_Venezia_sera.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="圣马可图书馆"><img alt="圣马可图书馆" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Libreria_Marciana_Venezia_sera.jpg/405px-Libreria_Marciana_Venezia_sera.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Libreria_Marciana_Venezia_sera.jpg/607px-Libreria_Marciana_Venezia_sera.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Libreria_Marciana_Venezia_sera.jpg/809px-Libreria_Marciana_Venezia_sera.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6500" data-file-height="4338" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">圣马可图书馆</div> </li> </ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E9%A9%AC%E5%8F%AF%E5%B9%BF%E5%9C%BA" title="圣马可广场">聖馬可廣場</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E4%BF%9D%E7%BE%85%E5%BB%A3%E5%A0%B4" title="聖保羅廣場">聖保羅廣場</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="教堂"><span id=".E6.95.99.E5.A0.82"></span>教堂</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&action=edit&section=25" title="编辑章节：教堂"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>威尼斯目前擁有豐富的教堂（約為124座），從羅馬式到巴洛克式，而教堂旁邊的鐘樓（鐘樓）從外觀看待顯得格外醒目，其中作為城市和前共和國的象徵是<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E9%A6%AC%E7%88%BE%E8%B0%B7%E8%81%96%E6%AE%BF%E5%AE%97%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E5%BA%A7%E5%A0%82" title="聖馬爾谷聖殿宗主教座堂">聖馬可大教堂</a>，這座神殿最初以拜占庭風格建造，供奉聖馬可福音傳教士的遺骸，目前則是成為<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%AE%97%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E5%8D%80" title="天主教威尼斯宗主教區">天主教威尼斯宗主教區</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E5%BA%A7%E5%A0%82" title="主教座堂">主教座堂</a>，同時是<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%AE%97%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="威尼斯宗主教">威尼斯宗主教</a>駐地。 </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 270.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 268.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Venezia_Basilica_di_San_Marco_Fassade_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="聖馬可大教堂"><img alt="聖馬可大教堂" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Venezia_Basilica_di_San_Marco_Fassade_2.jpg/403px-Venezia_Basilica_di_San_Marco_Fassade_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="269" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Venezia_Basilica_di_San_Marco_Fassade_2.jpg/604px-Venezia_Basilica_di_San_Marco_Fassade_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Venezia_Basilica_di_San_Marco_Fassade_2.jpg/806px-Venezia_Basilica_di_San_Marco_Fassade_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4574" data-file-height="3066" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E9%A6%AC%E7%88%BE%E8%B0%B7%E8%81%96%E6%AE%BF%E5%AE%97%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E5%BA%A7%E5%A0%82" title="聖馬爾谷聖殿宗主教座堂">聖馬可大教堂</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 300px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 298px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Venedig_s_maria_della_salut.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="安康聖母教堂"><img alt="安康聖母教堂" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Venedig_s_maria_della_salut.jpg/447px-Venedig_s_maria_della_salut.jpg" decoding="async" width="298" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Venedig_s_maria_della_salut.jpg/671px-Venedig_s_maria_della_salut.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Venedig_s_maria_della_salut.jpg/894px-Venedig_s_maria_della_salut.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="846" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%BA%B7%E5%9C%A3%E6%AF%8D%E6%95%99%E5%A0%82" class="mw-redirect" title="安康圣母教堂">安康聖母教堂</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 198.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 196.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Facade_of_Santa_Maria_Gloriosa_dei_Frari_(Venice).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="圣方济会荣耀圣母圣殿"><img alt="圣方济会荣耀圣母圣殿" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Facade_of_Santa_Maria_Gloriosa_dei_Frari_%28Venice%29.jpg/295px-Facade_of_Santa_Maria_Gloriosa_dei_Frari_%28Venice%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="197" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Facade_of_Santa_Maria_Gloriosa_dei_Frari_%28Venice%29.jpg/442px-Facade_of_Santa_Maria_Gloriosa_dei_Frari_%28Venice%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Facade_of_Santa_Maria_Gloriosa_dei_Frari_%28Venice%29.jpg/590px-Facade_of_Santa_Maria_Gloriosa_dei_Frari_%28Venice%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5386" data-file-height="4931" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E6%96%B9%E6%B5%8E%E4%BC%9A%E8%8D%A3%E8%80%80%E5%9C%A3%E6%AF%8D%E5%9C%A3%E6%AE%BF" title="圣方济会荣耀圣母圣殿">圣方济会荣耀圣母圣殿</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 326.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 324.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Exterior_of_Santi_Giovanni_e_Paolo_(Venice).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="圣若望及保禄大殿"><img alt="圣若望及保禄大殿" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Exterior_of_Santi_Giovanni_e_Paolo_%28Venice%29.jpg/487px-Exterior_of_Santi_Giovanni_e_Paolo_%28Venice%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="325" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Exterior_of_Santi_Giovanni_e_Paolo_%28Venice%29.jpg/730px-Exterior_of_Santi_Giovanni_e_Paolo_%28Venice%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Exterior_of_Santi_Giovanni_e_Paolo_%28Venice%29.jpg/973px-Exterior_of_Santi_Giovanni_e_Paolo_%28Venice%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6316" data-file-height="3508" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E8%8B%A5%E6%9C%9B%E5%8F%8A%E4%BF%9D%E7%A6%84%E5%A4%A7%E6%AE%BF_(%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF)" title="圣若望及保禄大殿 (威尼斯)">圣若望及保禄大殿</a></div> </li> </ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79074265">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width:20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E9%A6%AC%E7%88%BE%E8%B0%B7%E8%81%96%E6%AE%BF%E5%AE%97%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E5%BA%A7%E5%A0%82" title="聖馬爾谷聖殿宗主教座堂">聖馬可大教堂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%BA%B7%E5%9C%A3%E6%AF%8D%E6%95%99%E5%A0%82" class="mw-redirect" title="安康圣母教堂">安康聖母教堂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%E6%95%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%A0%82" title="威尼斯救主堂">威尼斯救主堂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%96%AC%E6%B2%BB%E9%A6%AC%E7%84%A6%E9%9B%B7%E6%95%99%E5%A0%82" class="mw-redirect" title="聖喬治馬焦雷教堂">圣乔治马焦雷教堂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E6%96%B9%E6%B5%8E%E4%BC%9A%E8%8D%A3%E8%80%80%E5%9C%A3%E6%AF%8D%E6%95%99%E5%A0%82" class="mw-redirect" title="圣方济会荣耀圣母教堂">圣方济会荣耀圣母教堂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E8%8B%A5%E6%9C%9B%E5%8F%8A%E4%BF%9D%E7%A6%84%E5%A4%A7%E6%AE%BF_(%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF)" title="圣若望及保禄大殿 (威尼斯)">圣若望及保禄大殿</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="宮殿及府邸"><span id=".E5.AE.AE.E6.AE.BF.E5.8F.8A.E5.BA.9C.E9.82.B8"></span>宮殿及府邸</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&action=edit&section=26" title="编辑章节：宮殿及府邸"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%93%A5%E5%BE%B7%E5%BC%8F%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89" title="威尼斯哥德式建築">威尼斯哥德式建築</a></div> <p>在威尼斯，宮殿通常被稱為「casa」（縮寫為ca'），通常被商人作為住宅使用，在公眾眼中，這座城市只有兩座被指定爲宮殿：<a href="/wiki/%E6%80%BB%E7%9D%A3%E5%AE%AB_(%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF)" title="总督宫 (威尼斯)">總督宮</a>和威尼斯族長的住所<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E5%AE%AB_(%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF)" title="宗主教宫 (威尼斯)">宗主教宮</a>。目前城市只剩下少數的拜占庭風格宮殿，這些宮殿在19世紀進行了很大的修改。而在18世紀之前，宮殿建築在很大程度上仍然是傳統的威尼斯建築類型。 </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 272px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 270px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Palazzo_Bembo_on_the_grand_canal.jpg/290px-Palazzo_Bembo_on_the_grand_canal.jpg" decoding="async" width="194" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Palazzo_Bembo_on_the_grand_canal.jpg/436px-Palazzo_Bembo_on_the_grand_canal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Palazzo_Bembo_on_the_grand_canal.jpg/581px-Palazzo_Bembo_on_the_grand_canal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2870" data-file-height="2669" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E5%8D%9A%E5%AE%AB" title="本博宫">本博宫</a> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 242px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 240px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hotel_Danieli-dandolo_2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="達涅利酒店"><img alt="達涅利酒店" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Hotel_Danieli-dandolo_2012.jpg/360px-Hotel_Danieli-dandolo_2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Hotel_Danieli-dandolo_2012.jpg/540px-Hotel_Danieli-dandolo_2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Hotel_Danieli-dandolo_2012.jpg/720px-Hotel_Danieli-dandolo_2012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">達涅利酒店</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Palazzo_Loredan_dell%27Ambasciatore_(Venice).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="洛雷當大使館宮"><img alt="洛雷當大使館宮" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Palazzo_Loredan_dell%27Ambasciatore_%28Venice%29.jpg/271px-Palazzo_Loredan_dell%27Ambasciatore_%28Venice%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="181" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Palazzo_Loredan_dell%27Ambasciatore_%28Venice%29.jpg/406px-Palazzo_Loredan_dell%27Ambasciatore_%28Venice%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Palazzo_Loredan_dell%27Ambasciatore_%28Venice%29.jpg/542px-Palazzo_Loredan_dell%27Ambasciatore_%28Venice%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="4020" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%9B%E9%9B%B7%E5%BD%93%E5%A4%A7%E4%BD%BF%E9%A6%86%E5%AE%AB" title="洛雷当大使馆宫">洛雷當大使館宮</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 136.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 134.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Venezia_-_Palazzo_Contarini_Fasan.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Palazzo Contarini Fasan"><img alt="Palazzo Contarini Fasan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Venezia_-_Palazzo_Contarini_Fasan.jpg/202px-Venezia_-_Palazzo_Contarini_Fasan.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Venezia_-_Palazzo_Contarini_Fasan.jpg/304px-Venezia_-_Palazzo_Contarini_Fasan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Venezia_-_Palazzo_Contarini_Fasan.jpg/405px-Venezia_-_Palazzo_Contarini_Fasan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2736" data-file-height="3648" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Palazzo Contarini Fasan</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 136.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 134.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Exterior_of_Palazzo_Molin,_San_Marco,_Venice.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="莫林宫"><img alt="莫林宫" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Exterior_of_Palazzo_Molin%2C_San_Marco%2C_Venice.jpg/202px-Exterior_of_Palazzo_Molin%2C_San_Marco%2C_Venice.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Exterior_of_Palazzo_Molin%2C_San_Marco%2C_Venice.jpg/304px-Exterior_of_Palazzo_Molin%2C_San_Marco%2C_Venice.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Exterior_of_Palazzo_Molin%2C_San_Marco%2C_Venice.jpg/405px-Exterior_of_Palazzo_Molin%2C_San_Marco%2C_Venice.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1224" data-file-height="1632" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E6%9E%97%E5%AE%AB" title="莫林宫">莫林宫</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 149.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 147.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Palazzo_Pisani_Moretta_(Venice).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="庇薩尼宮"><img alt="庇薩尼宮" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Palazzo_Pisani_Moretta_%28Venice%29.jpg/221px-Palazzo_Pisani_Moretta_%28Venice%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="148" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Palazzo_Pisani_Moretta_%28Venice%29.jpg/331px-Palazzo_Pisani_Moretta_%28Venice%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Palazzo_Pisani_Moretta_%28Venice%29.jpg/442px-Palazzo_Pisani_Moretta_%28Venice%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2738" data-file-height="3345" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%87%E8%90%A8%E5%B0%BC%E5%AE%AB" title="庇萨尼宫">庇薩尼宮</a> </div> </li> </ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79074265"><div class="div-col" style="column-width:20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%80%BB%E7%9D%A3%E5%AE%AB_(%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF)" title="总督宫 (威尼斯)">公爵府</a>（又稱總督府）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="金屋">金屋</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B7%E4%BD%90%E5%B0%BC%E5%8F%AF%E5%AE%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="雷佐尼可宫">雷佐尼可宫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%AB%E5%BE%B7%E6%8B%89%E6%95%8F%E5%AE%AE" title="溫德拉敏宮">温德拉敏宫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6%E5%95%86%E9%A6%86" title="土耳其商馆">土耳其商馆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%9D%B8%E7%89%9B%E5%BA%9C" title="蝸牛府">蝸牛府</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E6%96%AF%E5%8D%A1%E9%87%8C%E5%AE%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="福斯卡里宫">福斯卡里宫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89%E8%A5%BF%E5%AE%AB" title="格拉西宫">格拉西宫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9E%E5%AE%AE" title="拉比亞宮">拉比亚宫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%BC%E7%9A%AE%E8%80%B6%E7%BE%85%E5%AE%AE" title="馬尼皮耶羅宮">马尼皮耶罗宫</a></li> <li>韦尼耶·莱奥尼宫（Palazzo Venier dei Leoni，开辟为<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%A9%E5%A7%AC%C2%B7%E5%8F%A4%E6%A0%B9%E6%BC%A2%E7%BE%8E%E8%A1%93%E9%A4%A8" title="佩姬·古根漢美術館">佩姬·古根汉美术馆</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%AE%E9%87%8C%E5%A5%87%E6%AD%90%E5%B0%BC%E5%AE%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="普里奇歐尼宮（页面不存在）">普里奇歐尼宮</a>（Palazzo delle Prigioni）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E6%B4%9B%E5%85%8B%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%9A%E5%A0%82" class="mw-redirect" title="圣洛克大会堂">圣洛克大会堂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E9%A6%AC%E5%8F%AF%E5%A4%A7%E6%9C%83%E5%A0%82" title="聖馬可大會堂">圣马可大会堂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%A9%E8%90%A8%E7%BD%97%E5%BA%9C%E9%82%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="佩萨罗府邸">佩萨罗府邸</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%94%E9%87%8C%E5%A5%A7%E5%AE%AE" title="達里奧宮">达里奥宫</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="公寓"><span id=".E5.85.AC.E5.AF.93"></span>公寓</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&action=edit&section=27" title="编辑章节：公寓"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>威尼斯早期的房屋幾乎沒有任何遺跡，根據文獻紀錄，最初的建築主要由木材和蘆葦建造。1105年發生大火後，磚砌建築開始在當地盛行。同時因為城市腹地的開發，使得在泥濘地形興建木柱基座的需求也大幅度增加了然而，擴建是在嚴格的規範下進行的，因此目前的街道仍然存在狹窄的空間和路徑，有時甚至被迫拆除建築或建造地下通道。從而導致大多數房屋聳立在狹窄的街道上。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="博物館和圖書館"><span id=".E5.8D.9A.E7.89.A9.E9.A4.A8.E5.92.8C.E5.9C.96.E6.9B.B8.E9.A4.A8"></span>博物館和圖書館</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&action=edit&section=28" title="编辑章节：博物館和圖書館"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>威尼斯有大量的博物館，其中大部分為美術館或是藝術博物館，最著名則為主要收藏14-18世紀威尼托大區的藝術作品的<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%B8%E9%99%A2%E7%BE%8E%E8%A1%93%E9%A4%A8_(%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF)" title="學院美術館 (威尼斯)">學院美術館</a>，以及總督宮本身，和<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E9%87%91%E5%AE%AB" title="黄金宫">黃金宮</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B7%E4%BD%90%E5%B0%BC%E7%A7%91%E5%AE%AB" title="雷佐尼科宫">雷佐尼科宮</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%8E%E5%88%A9%E5%B0%BC%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%B8%95%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A%E5%9F%BA%E9%87%91%E4%BC%9A" title="奎利尼·斯坦帕里亚基金会">奎利尼·斯坦帕里亞基金會</a>，展示古老藝術與現代藝術結合的文化。<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E9%9B%B7%E5%B0%94%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A6%86" title="科雷尔博物馆">科雷爾博物館</a>則致力展示威尼斯共和國的藝術和歷史，<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%A9%E8%90%A8%E7%BD%97%E5%AE%AB" title="佩萨罗宫">佩薩羅宮</a>當前則主要展示現代藝術，其他的美術館則包含<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89%E8%A5%BF%E5%AE%AB" title="格拉西宫">格拉西宮</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%A9%E5%A7%AC%C2%B7%E5%8F%A4%E6%A0%B9%E6%BC%A2%E7%BE%8E%E8%A1%93%E9%A4%A8" title="佩姬·古根漢美術館">佩姬·古根漢美術館</a>、還有東方藝術博物館、織物博物館、海軍博物館等。 </p><p>其中一些已被改造成博物館，例如 Ca' Mocenigo。玻璃藝術展品在朱斯蒂尼安宮的 Museo del Vetro 展出。他們中的許多人擁有一個學術圖書館，它與普通圖書館之間的界限有時是模糊的，此外在大陸地區，近年許多博物館也紛紛成立。<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>梅斯特市立圖書館成立於1952年，自1980年以來一直是威尼斯的中央圖書館。<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>威尼斯的另外18個圖書館則屬於該圖書館系統。<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="橋樑"><span id=".E6.A9.8B.E6.A8.91"></span>橋樑</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&action=edit&section=29" title="编辑章节：橋樑"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79074265"><div class="div-col" style="column-width:20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8C%E5%A5%A7%E5%A4%9A%E6%A9%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="里奧多橋">里奧多橋</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%98%86%E6%81%AF%E6%A9%8B" title="嘆息橋">嘆息橋</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%B8%E9%99%A2%E6%A9%8B" title="學院橋">學院橋</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%A4%E8%B6%B3%E6%A1%A5" title="赤足桥">赤足桥</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95%E6%A1%A5" title="宪法桥">宪法桥</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%B3%E6%88%BF%E6%A1%A5" title="乳房桥">乳房桥</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="外島"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E5.B3.B6"></span>外島</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&action=edit&section=30" title="编辑章节：外島"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79074265"><div class="div-col" style="column-width:20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E6%8B%89%E8%AF%BA%E5%B2%9B" title="穆拉诺岛">穆拉诺岛</a>－以慕拉諾<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%BB%E7%92%83" title="玻璃">玻璃</a>聞名於世。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89%E8%AB%BE%E5%B3%B6" title="布拉諾島">布拉諾島</a> －以<a href="/wiki/%E8%95%BE%E4%B8%9D" title="蕾丝">蕾絲</a>聞名。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E7%88%BE%E5%88%87%E6%B4%9B%E5%B3%B6" title="托爾切洛島">托爾切洛島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E5%A4%9A" title="利多">麗都島</a>－每年在此地舉辦<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%BD%B1%E5%B1%95" class="mw-redirect" title="威尼斯影展">威尼斯影展</a>。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E7%B1%B3%E5%87%B1%E8%90%8A%E5%B3%B6" title="聖米凱萊島">圣米凯莱岛</a> －以公園化<a href="/wiki/%E5%A2%93%E5%9C%92" class="mw-redirect" title="墓園">墓園</a>而聞名，為距離威尼斯本島最近的小島。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%BD%90%E7%88%BE%E5%8D%9A%E5%B3%B6" title="馬佐爾博島">馬佐爾博島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E4%BC%8A%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E8%8E%AB%E5%B3%B6" title="聖伊拉斯莫島">圣伊拉斯莫岛</a></li> <li>San Lazzaro degli Armeni</li> <li>Vignole</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="文化"><span id=".E6.96.87.E5.8C.96"></span>文化</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&action=edit&section=31" title="编辑章节：文化"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="文學"><span id=".E6.96.87.E5.AD.B8"></span>文學</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&action=edit&section=32" title="编辑章节：文學"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marco_Polo,_Il_Milione,_Chapter_CXXIII_and_CXXIV.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Marco_Polo%2C_Il_Milione%2C_Chapter_CXXIII_and_CXXIV.jpg/170px-Marco_Polo%2C_Il_Milione%2C_Chapter_CXXIII_and_CXXIV.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="246" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Marco_Polo%2C_Il_Milione%2C_Chapter_CXXIII_and_CXXIV.jpg/255px-Marco_Polo%2C_Il_Milione%2C_Chapter_CXXIII_and_CXXIV.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Marco_Polo%2C_Il_Milione%2C_Chapter_CXXIII_and_CXXIV.jpg/340px-Marco_Polo%2C_Il_Milione%2C_Chapter_CXXIII_and_CXXIV.jpg 2x" data-file-width="982" data-file-height="1419" /></a><figcaption>《<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%8F%AF%C2%B7%E6%B3%A2%E7%BE%85%E9%81%8A%E8%A8%98" class="mw-redirect" title="馬可·波羅遊記">馬可·波羅遊記</a>》</figcaption></figure> <p>威尼斯長期以來一直是歐洲作家、劇作家和詩人的靈感源泉，也是印刷業和出版技術發展的最前線。歷史上兩位最著名的威尼斯作家，是中世紀的<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%8F%AF%C2%B7%E6%B3%A2%E7%BD%97" title="马可·波罗">馬可波羅</a>和後來的<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%BE%E7%A7%91%E8%8E%AB%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%BA%E7%93%A6" title="贾科莫·卡萨诺瓦">賈科莫·卡薩諾瓦</a>。波羅是一位遠航到東方的商人。他與鲁斯蒂切罗·达比萨（Rustichello da Pisa）合著的《<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%8F%AF%C2%B7%E6%B3%A2%E7%BE%85%E9%81%8A%E8%A8%98" class="mw-redirect" title="馬可·波羅遊記">馬可·波羅遊記</a>》记載了<a class="mw-selflink selflink">威尼斯</a>人<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%8F%AF%C2%B7%E6%B3%A2%E7%BE%85" class="mw-redirect" title="馬可·波羅">馬可·波羅</a>從<a class="mw-selflink selflink">威尼斯</a>出發至<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E6%B4%B2" title="亚洲">亚洲</a>及從<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B" title="中國">中國</a>返回威尼斯旅遊的經歷、以及記述途中亞洲及<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2" title="非洲">非洲</a>多國的地理及人文風貌。遊记是<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7%E6%9C%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="印刷术">印刷术</a>时代興起以前少见的流行之作，成書後影響了歐洲人對東方的認識及探索，卡薩諾瓦的自傳《生命史》(Histoire De Ma Vie) 則將他過去豐富多彩的生活與威尼斯聯繫起來。 </p><p>來自威尼斯的<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%A7%E4%BD%9C%E5%AE%B6" title="剧作家">劇作家</a>也遵循<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E5%8D%B3%E8%88%88%E5%96%9C%E5%8A%87" title="義大利即興喜劇">義大利即興喜劇</a>的戲劇傳統。安吉洛·比爾科（Angelo Beolco）(1502–1542)、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E6%B4%9B%C2%B7%E5%93%A5%E5%B0%94%E5%A4%9A%E5%B0%BC" title="卡洛·哥尔多尼">卡洛·哥爾多尼</a>(1707–1793) 和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E6%B4%9B%C2%B7%E6%88%88%E9%BD%8A" title="卡洛·戈齊">卡洛·戈齊</a> (1720–1806) 在他們的撰寫的喜劇中也廣泛使用了威尼斯方言，同時威尼斯也啟發了海外作家作為靈感，如<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E8%8E%8E%E5%A3%AB%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A" title="威廉·莎士比亚">威廉·莎士比亞</a>的《<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E8%B3%BD%E7%BE%85" title="奧賽羅">奥賽羅</a>》和《<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%95%86%E4%BA%BA" title="威尼斯商人">威尼斯商人</a>》兩部作品的背景地點就設置在威尼斯，被譽為<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%9B%BC" title="托马斯·曼">湯瑪斯·曼</a>最優秀的作品之一的《<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%E4%B9%8B%E6%AD%BB" title="威尼斯之死">威尼斯之死</a>》（1912）的故事發生地也位於威尼斯，法國作家菲利普·索勒斯大半生都在威尼斯度過，並於2004年出版了《威尼斯戀人詞典》。 </p><p>此外，威尼斯也在<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF" title="亨利·詹姆斯">亨利·詹姆斯</a>的作品《阿斯彭論文》（The Aspern Papers）和《慾望之翼》The Wings of the Dove中佔有重要地位。它還在<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%A4%AB%E6%9E%97%C2%B7%E6%B2%83" title="伊夫林·沃">伊夫林·沃</a>的《<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E8%BF%94%E5%B8%83%E8%8E%B1%E5%85%B9%E6%B5%B7%E5%BE%B7%E5%BA%84%E5%9B%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="重返布莱兹海德庄园">重返布莱兹海德庄园</a>》和<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%A1%9E%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E6%99%AE%E9%AD%AF%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9" title="馬塞爾·普魯斯特">馬塞爾·普魯斯特</a>的《<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%BD%E6%86%B6%E4%BC%BC%E6%B0%B4%E5%B9%B4%E8%8F%AF" title="追憶似水年華">追憶似水年華</a>》中出現。以威尼斯為背景的著名兒童讀物則是由德國作家科妮莉亞·芬克（Cornelia Funke）撰寫的《盜賊之王》。 </p><p><br /> 詩人<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E6%88%88%C2%B7%E7%A6%8F%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%E6%B4%9B" title="乌戈·福斯科洛">烏戈·福斯科洛</a>出生於威尼斯，曾积极投入了共和国覆灭所引发的激烈政治讨论中。他是国家委员会的重要一员，并给<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%BF%E7%A0%B4%E4%BB%91%C2%B7%E6%B3%A2%E6%8B%BF%E5%B7%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="拿破仑·波拿巴">拿破仑·波拿巴</a>写了一首颂歌《致解放者波拿巴》，希望拿破仑可以推翻威尼斯共和国的寡头统治，建立自由的共和国<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。1797年10月17日，《<a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%8E%E6%B3%A2%E7%A6%8F%E7%88%BE%E7%B1%B3%E5%A5%A7%E6%A2%9D%E7%B4%84" title="坎波福爾米奧條約">坎波福尔米奥条约</a>》签订后，拿破仑将威尼斯交给了奥地利，这让满怀希望的福斯科洛受到了沉重打击，離開了威尼斯。威尼斯也啟發了<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E5%85%B9%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E5%BA%9E%E5%BE%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="艾兹拉·庞德">艾兹拉·庞德</a>的詩歌，他在這座城市寫下了他的第一部文學作品。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="繪畫"><span id=".E7.B9.AA.E7.95.AB"></span>繪畫</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&action=edit&section=33" title="编辑章节：繪畫"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 222px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Antonio_Rotta,_La_Festa_del_Redentore_a_Venezia.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="安东尼奥·罗塔（義大利語：Antonio Rotta), 威尼斯"><img alt="安东尼奥·罗塔（義大利語：Antonio Rotta), 威尼斯" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Antonio_Rotta%2C_La_Festa_del_Redentore_a_Venezia.jpg/330px-Antonio_Rotta%2C_La_Festa_del_Redentore_a_Venezia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Antonio_Rotta%2C_La_Festa_del_Redentore_a_Venezia.jpg/495px-Antonio_Rotta%2C_La_Festa_del_Redentore_a_Venezia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Antonio_Rotta%2C_La_Festa_del_Redentore_a_Venezia.jpg/660px-Antonio_Rotta%2C_La_Festa_del_Redentore_a_Venezia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="838" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E4%B8%9C%E5%B0%BC%E5%A5%A5%C2%B7%E7%BD%97%E5%A1%94" title="安东尼奥·罗塔">安东尼奥·罗塔</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="義大利語">義大利語</a>：<span lang="it">Antonio Rotta</span>), 威尼斯</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 292.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 290.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Antonio_Rotta,_Una_festa_a_Venezia,_1872,_Venezia.png" class="mw-file-description" title="安东尼奥·罗塔（義大利語：Antonio Rotta), 威尼斯, 1872"><img alt="安东尼奥·罗塔（義大利語：Antonio Rotta), 威尼斯, 1872" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Antonio_Rotta%2C_Una_festa_a_Venezia%2C_1872%2C_Venezia.png/436px-Antonio_Rotta%2C_Una_festa_a_Venezia%2C_1872%2C_Venezia.png" decoding="async" width="291" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/87/Antonio_Rotta%2C_Una_festa_a_Venezia%2C_1872%2C_Venezia.png 1.5x" data-file-width="637" data-file-height="395" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E4%B8%9C%E5%B0%BC%E5%A5%A5%C2%B7%E7%BD%97%E5%A1%94" title="安东尼奥·罗塔">安东尼奥·罗塔</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="義大利語">義大利語</a>：<span lang="it">Antonio Rotta</span>), 威尼斯, 1872</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 261.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 259.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Canaletto_-_Bucentaur%27s_return_to_the_pier_by_the_Palazzo_Ducale_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="加纳莱托（義大利語：Canaletto), 威尼斯, 1727 － 1729"><img alt="加纳莱托（義大利語：Canaletto), 威尼斯, 1727 － 1729" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Canaletto_-_Bucentaur%27s_return_to_the_pier_by_the_Palazzo_Ducale_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/389px-Canaletto_-_Bucentaur%27s_return_to_the_pier_by_the_Palazzo_Ducale_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Canaletto_-_Bucentaur%27s_return_to_the_pier_by_the_Palazzo_Ducale_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/583px-Canaletto_-_Bucentaur%27s_return_to_the_pier_by_the_Palazzo_Ducale_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Canaletto_-_Bucentaur%27s_return_to_the_pier_by_the_Palazzo_Ducale_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/777px-Canaletto_-_Bucentaur%27s_return_to_the_pier_by_the_Palazzo_Ducale_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="30000" data-file-height="20857" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E7%BA%B3%E8%8E%B1%E6%89%98" class="mw-redirect" title="加纳莱托">加纳莱托</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="義大利語">義大利語</a>：<span lang="it">Canaletto</span>), 威尼斯, 1727 － 1729</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Antonio_Rotta,_Peasant_family_on_the_Venetian_Canal,_1854,_Venice.png" class="mw-file-description" title="安东尼奥·罗塔（義大利語：Antonio Rotta), 威尼斯, 1864"><img alt="安东尼奥·罗塔（義大利語：Antonio Rotta), 威尼斯, 1864" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Antonio_Rotta%2C_Peasant_family_on_the_Venetian_Canal%2C_1854%2C_Venice.png/225px-Antonio_Rotta%2C_Peasant_family_on_the_Venetian_Canal%2C_1854%2C_Venice.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Antonio_Rotta%2C_Peasant_family_on_the_Venetian_Canal%2C_1854%2C_Venice.png/337px-Antonio_Rotta%2C_Peasant_family_on_the_Venetian_Canal%2C_1854%2C_Venice.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b6/Antonio_Rotta%2C_Peasant_family_on_the_Venetian_Canal%2C_1854%2C_Venice.png 2x" data-file-width="366" data-file-height="440" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E4%B8%9C%E5%B0%BC%E5%A5%A5%C2%B7%E7%BD%97%E5%A1%94" title="安东尼奥·罗塔">安东尼奥·罗塔</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="義大利語">義大利語</a>：<span lang="it">Antonio Rotta</span>), 威尼斯, 1864</div> </li> </ul> <p>威尼斯在中世紀時艺术受<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%9C%E5%8D%A0%E5%BA%AD" title="拜占庭">拜占庭</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%AC%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="北欧">北欧</a>风格影響、在15世纪吸收了<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="佛罗伦萨画派" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Florentine School"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E7%BE%85%E5%80%AB%E6%96%AF%E7%95%AB%E6%B4%BE" title="佛羅倫斯畫派">佛罗伦萨画派</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florentine_School" class="extiw" title="en:Florentine School"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Florentine School</span></a></span>）</span></span>及曼坦那的经验發展藝術運動，更在文藝復興和巴洛克時期，與<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E7%BD%97%E4%BC%A6%E8%90%A8" title="佛罗伦萨">佛羅倫斯</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC" title="罗马">羅馬</a>成為歐洲最重要的藝術中心之一，並發展出一種被稱為<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%E7%94%BB%E6%B4%BE" title="威尼斯画派">威尼斯畫派</a>的獨特風格。在16世紀，威尼斯畫派是在帕杜安畫派和<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E6%89%98%E5%86%85%E7%BD%97%C2%B7%E8%BE%BE%C2%B7%E6%A2%85%E8%A5%BF%E9%82%A3" title="安托内罗·达·梅西那">安托内罗·达·梅西那</a>的影響下發展起來的，並以溫暖的色階和風景如畫的色彩使用作為特色。16世纪以威尼斯画家<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%94%E5%B0%94%E4%B9%94%E5%86%85" title="乔尔乔内">乔尔乔内</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%8F%90%E9%A6%99" class="mw-redirect" title="提香">提香</a>为代表的绘画形式，吸收了文艺复兴鼎盛时期画家的精华，但大胆在色彩上创新，使画作更为生动明快，同时人物背景的风景比例更大。乔尔乔尼的著名作品《<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%89%E7%9D%A1%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E7%BA%B3%E6%96%AF" title="沉睡的维纳斯">沉睡的维纳斯</a>》、《<a href="/wiki/%E6%9A%B4%E9%A3%8E%E9%9B%A8_(%E7%BB%98%E7%94%BB)" title="暴风雨 (绘画)">暴風雨</a>》等；提香的著名作品有大型壁画“圣母升天”、“欧罗巴被劫”、“达娜厄”等。威尼斯画派对其后的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%B4%9B%E5%85%8B%E8%89%BA%E6%9C%AF" title="巴洛克艺术">巴洛克艺术</a>时期画家有很大的影响。此外繪畫油畫所用的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%B9%E7%95%AB%E5%B8%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="油畫布（页面不存在）">油畫布</a>源也起源於文藝復興早期的威尼斯。這些早期的油畫布普遍是比較粗糙的。 </p><p>18世紀，威尼斯繪畫隨著乔<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%94%E5%87%A1%E5%B0%BC%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E8%92%82%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94%C2%B7%E6%8F%90%E5%9F%83%E5%9D%A1%E7%BD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="乔凡尼·巴蒂斯塔·提埃坡罗">乔凡尼·巴蒂斯塔·提埃坡罗</a>的裝飾畫，以及<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E7%BA%B3%E8%8E%B1%E6%89%98" class="mw-redirect" title="加纳莱托">加纳莱托</a>和弗朗切斯科·瓜迪的全景畫而徹底復興。当代最能代表威尼斯生活的画家，赋予其真正的视野，是著名的画家<a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%8E%E4%BF%97%E7%94%BB" title="风俗画">风俗画</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E4%B8%9C%E5%B0%BC%E5%A5%A5%C2%B7%E7%BD%97%E5%A1%94" title="安东尼奥·罗塔">安东尼奥·罗塔</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="義大利語">義大利語</a>：<span lang="it">Antonio Rotta</span>，1828年–1903年）。画家<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E4%B8%9C%E5%B0%BC%E5%A5%A5%C2%B7%E7%BD%97%E5%A1%94" title="安东尼奥·罗塔">安东尼奥·罗塔</a>在当时已经在整个欧洲享有盛誉，今天在世界各地的博物馆中，他被授予<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%E7%BE%8E%E6%9C%AF%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" title="威尼斯美术学院">威尼斯美术学院</a>奖（<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="義大利語">義大利語</a>：<span lang="it">Accademia Veneta</span>）。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="音樂"><span id=".E9.9F.B3.E6.A8.82"></span>音樂</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&action=edit&section=34" title="编辑章节：音樂"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在16世紀期間，威尼斯成為歐洲最重要的音樂中心，並且以<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%E6%A8%82%E6%B4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="威尼斯樂派（页面不存在）">威尼斯樂派</a>（the Venetian school），與作曲家所發展出的雙重合唱風格，例如在<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E9%A6%AC%E5%8F%AF%E6%95%99%E5%A0%82" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="聖馬可教堂">聖馬可教堂</a>工作的作曲家<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E6%8B%89%E7%89%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="威拉特（页面不存在）">威拉特</a>（Adrian Willaert）。威尼斯是早期的音樂印刷中心。佩特魯奇（Ottaviano Petrucci）幾乎在印刷技術出現後就開始出版音樂樂譜，而他的出版公司也吸引了全歐洲作曲家的目光，尤其是<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="法國">法國</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="法蘭德斯">法蘭德斯</a>。直到這個世紀結束時，威尼斯因為它出色的音樂成就而聞名，例如<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%BE%B7%E7%83%88%C2%B7%E5%8A%A0%E5%B8%83%E9%87%8C%E5%9F%83%E5%88%A9" title="安德烈·加布里埃利">安德烈·加布里埃利</a>與<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%96%AC%E5%87%A1%E5%B0%BC%C2%B7%E5%8A%A0%E5%B8%83%E9%87%8C%E5%9F%83%E5%88%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="喬凡尼·加布里埃利（页面不存在）">喬凡尼·加布里埃利</a>（Giovanni Gabrieli）創造的大規模合唱與器樂。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="印刷業"><span id=".E5.8D.B0.E5.88.B7.E6.A5.AD"></span>印刷業</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&action=edit&section=35" title="编辑章节：印刷業"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>到15世紀末，威尼斯已經是歐洲的印刷業中心，也是<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="德國">德國</a>以外第一座擁有印刷廠的城市，在1500年時擁有417間印刷業者。最重要的出版社是<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E6%9D%9C%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E5%8A%AA%E6%8F%90%E4%B9%8C%E6%96%AF" title="阿尔杜斯·马努提乌斯">阿尔杜斯·马努提乌斯</a>的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E6%9D%9C%E6%80%9D%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿杜思出版社（页面不存在）">阿杜思出版社</a>（Aldine Press），在1499年出版的《<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8B%E6%84%9B%E7%B6%BA%E5%A4%A2" title="尋愛綺夢">尋愛綺夢</a>》被認為是<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E8%97%9D%E5%BE%A9%E8%88%88%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="文藝復興時期">文藝復興時期</a>最美麗的著作之一，並確立現代的<a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%99%E9%BB%9E%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="標點符號">標點符號</a>、頁面版式及斜體的形式。他首次印刷則是<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%9A%E5%BE%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="亞里斯多德">亞里斯多德</a>的作品。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="慶典"><span id=".E6.85.B6.E5.85.B8"></span>慶典</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&action=edit&section=36" title="编辑章节：慶典"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%E9%9B%99%E5%B9%B4%E5%B1%95" class="mw-redirect" title="威尼斯雙年展">威尼斯雙年展</a>是<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C" title="世界">世界</a>藝術界和建築界的盛會之一，由<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%8C%E5%8D%A1%E5%A4%9A%C2%B7%E5%A1%9E%E7%93%A6%E6%8F%90%E5%8F%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="里卡多·塞瓦提可（页面不存在）">里卡多·塞瓦提可</a>（Riccardo Selvatico）<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%82%E9%95%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="市長">市長</a>於1893年發起。第一屆展覽於1894年4月22日開幕<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，後來因為<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="第二次世界大戰">第二次世界大戰</a>爆發，曾在1942年9月中斷，1948年復辦<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="時尚與購物"><span id=".E6.99.82.E5.B0.9A.E8.88.87.E8.B3.BC.E7.89.A9"></span>時尚與購物</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&action=edit&section=37" title="编辑章节：時尚與購物"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>14世紀，許多威尼斯少年開始穿著顏色多樣的<a href="/wiki/%E7%B7%8A%E8%BA%AB%E8%A4%B2" title="緊身褲">緊身褲</a>，以表明他們所屬的「褲子俱樂部」（<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="意大利文">意大利文</a>：Compagnie della Calza）。然而，議會頒佈了<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AF%80%E7%B4%84%E6%B3%95%E4%BB%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="節約法令（页面不存在）">節約法令</a>（sumptuary laws），但是潮流沒有為之太大改變。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="著名人物"><span id=".E8.91.97.E5.90.8D.E4.BA.BA.E7.89.A9"></span>著名人物</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&action=edit&section=38" title="编辑章节：著名人物"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%A9%E9%87%8C%E7%A7%91%C2%B7%E4%B8%B9%E5%A4%9A%E6%B4%9B" title="恩里科·丹多洛">恩里科·丹多洛</a>（1107年－1205年6月21日），第四十一任<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%E6%80%BB%E7%9D%A3" title="威尼斯总督">威尼斯总督</a>、传奇商人、政治家与军事家。1204年成功诱导十字军洗劫了君士坦丁堡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%8F%AF%E6%B3%A2%E7%BD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="马可波罗">马可波罗</a>（1254年─1324年）：<a href="/wiki/%E5%95%86%E4%BA%BA" title="商人">商人</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%A2%E9%9A%AA%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="探險家">探險家</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%BE%B7%E7%83%88%C2%B7%E5%8F%A4%E5%88%A9%E6%8F%90" title="安德烈·古利提">安德烈·古利提</a>（1455年─1538年）：<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%E6%80%BB%E7%9D%A3" title="威尼斯总督">威尼斯總督</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8F%90%E9%A6%99" class="mw-redirect" title="提香">提香</a>（1477年─1576年）：<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%BB%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="画家">画家</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%E7%94%BB%E6%B4%BE" title="威尼斯画派">威尼斯画派</a>代表人物</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E4%B8%9C%E5%B0%BC%E5%A5%A5%C2%B7%E7%BB%B4%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%94%E7%AC%AC" title="安东尼奥·维瓦尔第">安东尼奥·维瓦尔第</a>（1678年-1741年）：<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E4%B9%90%E5%AE%B6" title="音乐家">音乐家</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E9%A9%AC%E7%B4%A2%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E6%AF%94%E8%AF%BA%E5%B0%BC" title="托马索·阿尔比诺尼">托马索·阿尔比诺尼</a>（1671年6月8日─1751年1月17日）：<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%B4%9B%E5%85%8B%E9%9F%B3%E4%B9%90" title="巴洛克音乐">巴洛克</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9C%E6%9B%B2%E5%AE%B6" title="作曲家">作曲家</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%B9%E5%B7%B4%E8%92%82%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94%C2%B7%E7%9A%AE%E6%89%98%E5%B0%BC" title="詹巴蒂斯塔·皮托尼">詹巴蒂斯塔·皮托尼</a>（1687年6月6日－1767年10月6日）：是<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9" title="意大利">意大利</a>著名<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%BB%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="画家">画家</a>, 属于早期的<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E5%8F%AF%E5%8F%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="罗可可">罗可可</a>风格</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E7%BA%B3%E8%8E%B1%E6%89%98" class="mw-redirect" title="加纳莱托">加纳莱托</a>（1697年─1768年）：<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%BB%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="画家">画家</a>，以描绘18世纪的威尼斯风光主题聞名</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%BE%E7%A7%91%E8%8E%AB%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%BA%E7%93%A6" title="贾科莫·卡萨诺瓦">贾可谟·卡萨诺瓦</a>（1725年4月2日－1798年6月4日），威尼斯冒险家、作家，18世纪欧洲著名的大情圣。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E4%B8%9C%E5%B0%BC%E5%A5%A5%C2%B7%E7%BD%97%E5%A1%94" title="安东尼奥·罗塔">安东尼奥·罗塔</a>（1828年2月28日－1903年9月10日）：是<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9" title="意大利">意大利</a>著名<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%BB%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="画家">画家</a>，属于早期的<a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%8E%E4%BF%97%E7%94%BB" title="风俗画">风俗画</a>风格</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%E5%90%89%C2%B7%E8%AF%BA%E8%AF%BA" title="路易吉·诺诺">路易吉·诺诺</a>（1924年─1990年）：<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E9%9F%B3%E4%B9%90" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="现代音乐">现代音乐</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9C%E6%9B%B2%E5%AE%B6" title="作曲家">作曲家</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="友好城市"><span id=".E5.8F.8B.E5.A5.BD.E5.9F.8E.E5.B8.82"></span>友好城市</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&action=edit&section=39" title="编辑章节：友好城市"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="姐妹城市"><span id=".E5.A7.90.E5.A6.B9.E5.9F.8E.E5.B8.82"></span>姐妹城市</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&action=edit&section=40" title="编辑章节：姐妹城市"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>威尼斯和以下城市締為姐妹城市： </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79074265"><div class="div-col" style="column-width:20em;"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="中华人民共和国">中华人民共和国</a> <a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="苏州">苏州</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E6%B2%99%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="爱沙尼亚">爱沙尼亚</a> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E6%9E%97" title="塔林">塔林</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/22px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/33px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/44px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6" title="土耳其">土耳其</a> <a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%B8%83%E5%B0%94" class="mw-redirect" title="伊斯坦布尔">伊斯坦布尔</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/33px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E5%92%8C%E9%BB%91%E5%A1%9E%E5%93%A5%E7%BB%B4%E9%82%A3" title="波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那">波黑</a> <a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E6%8B%89%E7%83%AD%E7%AA%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="萨拉热窝">萨拉热窝</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E7%BE%8E%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" title="亞美尼亞">亞美尼亞</a> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E9%87%8C%E6%B8%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="埃里温">埃里温</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E7%BD%97%E5%9C%B0%E4%BA%9A" title="克罗地亚">克罗地亚</a> <a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%9C%E5%B8%83%E7%BD%97%E5%A4%AB%E5%B0%BC%E5%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="杜布罗夫尼克">杜布罗夫尼克</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="合作協議"><span id=".E5.90.88.E4.BD.9C.E5.8D.94.E8.AD.B0"></span>合作協議</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&action=edit&section=41" title="编辑章节：合作協議"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>2000年1月，威尼斯市和希臘中央城市和社區協會 (KEDKE) 根據EC第 2137/85號條例建立了馬可波羅體系歐洲經濟利益集團(EEIG)，以促進和實現跨國文化和旅遊領域的歐洲計畫，特別是在保護藝術和建築遺產方面<sup id="cite_ref-twins_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-twins-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2001年4月，該市與外交部文化促進與合作辦公室簽署協議，以協調在國外推廣意大利文化。目前威尼斯与以下四个城市拥有合作协议： </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79074265"><div class="div-col" style="column-width:20em;"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/22px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/33px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/44px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A" title="希腊">希腊</a> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E8%90%A8%E6%B4%9B%E5%B0%BC%E5%9F%BA" title="塞萨洛尼基">塞萨洛尼基</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/33px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD" title="德国">德国</a> <a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%BD%E4%BC%A6%E5%A0%A1" title="纽伦堡">纽伦堡</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="中华人民共和国">中华人民共和国</a> <a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E5%B2%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="青岛">青岛</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a> <a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%88%E9%98%BF%E5%AF%86" title="迈阿密">迈阿密</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="注释"><span id=".E6.B3.A8.E9.87.8A"></span>注释</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&action=edit&section=42" title="编辑章节：注释"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="references-NoteFoot"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">汉语“威尼斯”一词译自英语Venice，始见于1857年由英国传教士<a href="/wiki/%E5%81%89%E7%83%88%E4%BA%9E%E5%8A%9B" title="偉烈亞力">伟烈亚力</a>编辑的月刊《<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E5%90%88%E4%B8%9B%E8%B0%88" title="六合丛谈">六合丛谈</a>》第四期<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考資料"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E8.B3.87.E6.96.99"></span>參考資料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&action=edit&section=43" title="编辑章节：參考資料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210226150144/http://demo.istat.it/pop2020/index3.html">Popolazione Residente al 1° Gennaio 2020</a>. istat. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2021]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://demo.istat.it/pop2020/index3.html">原始内容</a>存档于26 February 2021）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&rft.btitle=Popolazione+Residente+al+1%C2%B0+Gennaio+2020&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=istat&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdemo.istat.it%2Fpop2020%2Findex3.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">黄河清. 近现代汉语辞源. 上海辞书. 2020: 1547. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-7-5326-5403-1" title="Special:网络书源/978-7-5326-5403-1"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-7-5326-5403-1</a>.</cite><span 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cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&rft.btitle=Patriarchate+of+Venezia+-+Statistics&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholic-hierarchy.org%2Fdiocese%2Fdvene.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160411041422/http://www.dshs.state.tx.us/preparedness/bt_public_history_plague.shtm">History of Plague</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2008-09-20</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dshs.state.tx.us/preparedness/bt_public_history_plague.shtm">原始内容</a>存档于2016-04-11）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&rft.btitle=History+of+Plague&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dshs.state.tx.us%2Fpreparedness%2Fbt_public_history_plague.shtm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://europeforvisitors.com/venice/articles/santa_maria_della_salute.htm">Santa Maria della Salute Church</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2008-09-20</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210304022507/https://europeforvisitors.com/venice/articles/santa_maria_della_salute.htm">存档</a>于2021-03-04）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&rft.btitle=Santa+Maria+della+Salute+Church&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feuropeforvisitors.com%2Fvenice%2Farticles%2Fsanta_maria_della_salute.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1508776/Group-Captain-George-Westlake.html">Group Captain George Westlake</a><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="需要付费订阅"><img alt="需要付费订阅" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Lock-red-alt.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Lock-red-alt.svg/14px-Lock-red-alt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Lock-red-alt.svg/18px-Lock-red-alt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span>. The Daily Telegraph (London). 26 January 2006 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">13 June</span> 2013]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1508776/Group-Captain-George-Westlake.html">存档</a>于10 January 2022）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&rft.atitle=Group+Captain+George+Westlake&rft.date=2006-01-26&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fobituaries%2F1508776%2FGroup-Captain-George-Westlake.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33"> 含有連結內容需訂閱查看的頁面 (<a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E9%80%A3%E7%B5%90%E5%85%A7%E5%AE%B9%E9%9C%80%E8%A8%82%E9%96%B1%E6%9F%A5%E7%9C%8B%E7%9A%84%E9%A0%81%E9%9D%A2" title="Category:含有連結內容需訂閱查看的頁面">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Jones, Michael. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/afterhitlerlastd0000jone">After Hitler: The Last Days of the Second World War in Europe</a>. John Murray Press. 2015. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9781848544970" title="Special:网络书源/9781848544970"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9781848544970</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.btitle=After+Hitler%3A+The+Last+Days+of+the+Second+World+War+in+Europe&rft.date=2015&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9781848544970&rft.pub=John+Murray+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fafterhitlerlastd0000jone&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Patrick G. 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Milhist.net. 21 July 1945 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2009]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.milhist.net/history/onemoreriver.html">原始内容</a>存档于21 September 2010）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&rft.au=Patrick+G.+Skelly%2C+Pocasset+MA&rft.btitle=New+Zealand+troops+relieve+Venice&rft.date=1945-07-21&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Milhist.net&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.milhist.net%2Fhistory%2Fonemoreriver.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Kendall, Paul. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110805135339/http://www.treesforlife.org.uk/forest/mythfolk/alder.html">Mythology and Folklore of the Alder</a>. Trees for life. 25 August 2010 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2011]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.treesforlife.org.uk/forest/mythfolk/alder.html">原始内容</a>存档于5 August 2011）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.aulast=Kendall&rft.btitle=Mythology+and+Folklore+of+the+Alder&rft.date=2010-08-25&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Trees+for+life&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.treesforlife.org.uk%2Fforest%2Fmythfolk%2Falder.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100114174700/http://www.cvni.org/treenursery/trees/alder">Alder – Alnus glutinosa</a>. Conservation Volunteers Northern Ireland. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2011]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cvni.org/treenursery/trees/alder">原始内容</a>存档于2010-01-14）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&rft.btitle=Alder+%E2%80%93+Alnus+glutinosa&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Conservation+Volunteers+Northern+Ireland&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cvni.org%2Ftreenursery%2Ftrees%2Falder&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Standish, Dominic. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220517005710/https://www.academia.edu/441655">Barriers to barriers: why environmental precaution has delayed mobile floodgates to protect Venice</a>. Okonski, Kendra (编). Adapt or die: the science, politics and economics of climate change. London: Profile Books. 2003: 40 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">28 November</span> 2014]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-1-86197-795-3" title="Special:网络书源/978-1-86197-795-3"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-1-86197-795-3</a>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/441655">原始内容</a>存档于2022-05-17）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&rft.atitle=Barriers+to+barriers%3A+why+environmental+precaution+has+delayed+mobile+floodgates+to+protect+Venice&rft.aufirst=Dominic&rft.aulast=Standish&rft.btitle=Adapt+or+die%3A+the+science%2C+politics+and+economics+of+climate+change&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=978-1-86197-795-3&rft.pages=40&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Profile+Books&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F441655&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Sibilla, Marco. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210616113006/https://www.meteovenezia.net/laguna-ghiacciata.html">Laguna ghiacciata [Frozen lagoon]</a>. Meteo Venezia. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2020]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.meteovenezia.net/laguna-ghiacciata.html">原始内容</a>存档于2021-06-16） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到意大利语网页">（意大利语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&rft.atitle=Laguna+ghiacciata&rft.aufirst=Marco&rft.aulast=Sibilla&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Meteo+Venezia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.meteovenezia.net%2Flaguna-ghiacciata.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SM-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SM_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180809120303/http://clima.meteoam.it/AtlanteClim2/pdf/(105)Venezia%20Tessera.pdf">Venezia/Tessera</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Italian Air Force National Meteorological Service. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2013]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://clima.meteoam.it/AtlanteClim2/pdf/(105)Venezia%20Tessera.pdf">原始内容</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>存档于2018-08-09）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&rft.btitle=Venezia%2FTessera&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Italian+Air+Force+National+Meteorological+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fclima.meteoam.it%2FAtlanteClim2%2Fpdf%2F%28105%29Venezia%2520Tessera.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MAM-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MAM_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181009232743/http://clima.meteoam.it/viewClino.php?type=File&station=105&name_station=Venezia%20Tessera">Tabella CLINO</a>. 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The Daily Telegraph (London). 11 January 2012 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">11 January</span> 2012]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/italy/3629387/Moses-project-to-secure-future-of-Venice.html">存档</a>于10 January 2022）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&rft.atitle=%27Moses+project%27+to+secure+future+of+Venice&rft.date=2012-01-11&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Feurope%2Fitaly%2F3629387%2FMoses-project-to-secure-future-of-Venice.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33"> 含有連結內容需訂閱查看的頁面 (<a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E9%80%A3%E7%B5%90%E5%85%A7%E5%AE%B9%E9%9C%80%E8%A8%82%E9%96%B1%E6%9F%A5%E7%9C%8B%E7%9A%84%E9%A0%81%E9%9D%A2" title="Category:含有連結內容需訂閱查看的頁面">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Full_test-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Full_test_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Giuffrida, Angela. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220517005756/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jul/10/venice-much-delayed-flood-defence-system-fully-tested-first-time-italy">Venice's much-delayed flood defence system fully tested for first time</a>. 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The Guardian. 10 February 2019 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">13 November</span> 2019]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/nov/13/an-apocalypse-happened-venice-counts-cost-of-devastating-floods">原始内容</a>存档于2022-04-27）. <q>Work began in 2003 but has been dogged by delays and myriad issues, including a corruption scandal that emerged in 2014. The Venice mayor, Luigi Brugnaro, promised on Wednesday that the flood barrier would be completed.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&rft.atitle=%27An+apocalypse+happened%27%3A+Venice+counts+cost+of+devastating+floods&rft.date=2019-02-10&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2019%2Fnov%2F13%2Fan-apocalypse-happened-venice-counts-cost-of-devastating-floods&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Tellier, Luc-Normand. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220427170722/https://books.google.com/books?id=cXuCjDbxC1YC&pg=PA266">Urban World History</a>. google.dk. 2009 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-03-16</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9782760522091" title="Special:网络书源/9782760522091"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9782760522091</a>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cXuCjDbxC1YC&pg=PA266">原始内容</a>存档于2022-04-27）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&rft.aufirst=Luc-Normand&rft.aulast=Tellier&rft.btitle=Urban+World+History&rft.date=2009&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9782760522091&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcXuCjDbxC1YC%26pg%3DPA266&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220517005837/https://books.google.com/books?id=2ascAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA257">A Companion to Venetian History, 1400–1797</a>. BRILL. 2013: 257 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-03-16</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-90-04-25252-3" title="Special:网络书源/978-90-04-25252-3"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-90-04-25252-3</a>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2ascAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA257">原始内容</a>存档于2022-05-17）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&rft.btitle=A+Companion+to+Venetian+History%2C+1400%E2%80%931797&rft.date=2013&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-90-04-25252-3&rft.pages=257&rft.pub=BRILL&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2ascAAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA257&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Chant, Colin; Goodman, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220517005810/https://books.google.com/books?id=hK-EAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA141">Pre-Industrial Cities and Technology</a>. google.dk. 8 November 2005 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-03-16</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9781134636204" title="Special:网络书源/9781134636204"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9781134636204</a>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hK-EAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA141">原始内容</a>存档于2022-05-17）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&rft.au=Goodman%2C+David&rft.aufirst=Colin&rft.aulast=Chant&rft.btitle=Pre-Industrial+Cities+and+Technology&rft.date=2005-11-08&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9781134636204&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhK-EAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA141&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/beforeeuropeanhe00abul_1/page/125">Before European Hegemony: The World System A.D. 1250–1350</a> By Janet L. Abu-Lughod.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Jx2Q4hxT5HAC&pg=PA132">The Sovereign State and Its Competitors: An Analysis of Systems Change</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20220517005845/https://books.google.com/books?id=Jx2Q4hxT5HAC&pg=PA132">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） By Hendrik Spruyt.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090426215446/http://demo.istat.it/bil2007/index.html">Statistiche demografiche ISTAT</a>. Demo.istat.it. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2009]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://demo.istat.it/bil2007/index.html">原始内容</a>存档于26 April 2009）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&rft.btitle=Statistiche+demografiche+ISTAT&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Demo.istat.it&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdemo.istat.it%2Fbil2007%2Findex.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220517005900/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-37963136">Venice #Venexodus protesters oppose tourist numbers</a>. BBC News. 12 November 2016 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">13 November</span> 2016]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-37963136">原始内容</a>存档于2022-05-17）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&rft.atitle=Venice+%23Venexodus+protesters+oppose+tourist+numbers&rft.date=2016-11-12&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-37963136&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220319090947/https://www.tuttitalia.it/veneto/40-venezia/statistiche/cittadini-stranieri-2018/">Cittadini stranieri Venezia 2018</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">15 November</span> 2019]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tuttitalia.it/veneto/40-venezia/statistiche/cittadini-stranieri-2018/">原始内容</a>存档于2022-03-19）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&rft.btitle=Cittadini+stranieri+Venezia+2018&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tuttitalia.it%2Fveneto%2F40-venezia%2Fstatistiche%2Fcittadini-stranieri-2018%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Cheney, David M. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210304022457/http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dvene.html">Patriarchate of Venezia (Venice)</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Catholic-Hierarchy.org&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Catholic-Hierarchy.org（页面不存在）">Catholic-Hierarchy</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2020]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dvene.html">原始内容</a>存档于2021-03-04）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&rft.atitle=Patriarchate+of+Venezia+%28Venice%29&rft.aufirst=David+M.&rft.aulast=Cheney&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Catholic-Hierarchy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholic-hierarchy.org%2Fdiocese%2Fdvene.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220427170516/https://www.ilgazzettino.it/nordest/venezia/venezia_moschea-4060778.html">La Comunità islamica: "Vogliamo la moschea" (Venezia)</a>. Il Gazzettino. 24 October 2018 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">15 November</span> 2019]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ilgazzettino.it/nordest/venezia/venezia_moschea-4060778.html">原始内容</a>存档于2022-04-27）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&rft.atitle=La+Comunit%C3%A0+islamica%3A+%22Vogliamo+la+moschea%22+%28Venezia%29&rft.date=2018-10-24&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Il+Gazzettino&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ilgazzettino.it%2Fnordest%2Fvenezia%2Fvenezia_moschea-4060778.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081215174526/http://www.ortodossia.it/Home.it.htm">Italian Orthodox Bishops concelebrating in Venice.</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2018]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.esarcato.it/concelebrazione-dei-vescovi-ortodossi-ditalia-a-venezia/?lang=en">原始内容</a>存档于15 December 2008）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&rft.btitle=Italian+Orthodox+Bishops+concelebrating+in+Venice.&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.esarcato.it%2Fconcelebrazione-dei-vescovi-ortodossi-ditalia-a-venezia%2F%3Flang%3Den&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200810073724/https://dbs.bh.org.il/place/venice">Venice</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-03-16</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbs.bh.org.il/place/venice">原始内容</a>存档于2020-08-10）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&rft.btitle=Venice&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdbs.bh.org.il%2Fplace%2Fvenice&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220427170517/http://www.ghetto.it/ghetto/en/foto.asp?padre=3&figlio=1">Venetian Ghetto – Eruv in Venice</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2010]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ghetto.it/ghetto/en/foto.asp?padre=3&figlio=1">原始内容</a>存档于2022-04-27）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&rft.btitle=Venetian+Ghetto+%E2%80%93+Eruv+in+Venice&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ghetto.it%2Fghetto%2Fen%2Ffoto.asp%3Fpadre%3D3%26figlio%3D1&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rembert Eufe: <i>„Sta lengua ha un privilegio tanto grando“ – Status und Gebrauch des Venezianischen in der Republik Venedig</i> (= <i>VarioLingua</i>, 26). Lang, Frankfurt a. M./Berlin u. a. 2006, <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/3631537549" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-631-53754-9</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Passim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passim（页面不存在）">passim</a> (Zugl.: München, Univ., Diss., 2004 <a href="/w/index.php?title=U.d.T.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="U.d.T.（页面不存在）">u. d. T.</a>: <i>Merkantile maritime Expansion und sprachliche Überdachung</i>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>«Tutela, valorizzazione e promozione del patrimonio linguistico e culturale veneto ».</i> Regionalgesetz vom 13. April 2007, Nr. 8, verabschiedet am 28. März 2007 vom Consiglio regionale del Veneto a larghissima maggioranza; zit. n.: Camera dei Deputati: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.senato.it/leg/16/BGT/Schede/Ddliter/38449.htm"><i>Atti Parlamentari, XVI legislatura, Disegni di legge e relazioni, Documenti, N. 5246.</i></a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20211008143845/https://www.senato.it/leg/16/BGT/Schede/Ddliter/38449.htm">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） S. 2, Sp. 1 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://documenti.camera.it/apps/commonServices/getDocumento.ashx?sezione=lavori&tipoDoc=testo_pdl_pdf&idlegislatura=16&codice=16PDL0060560">camera.it</a> [PDF; 141 kB, abgerufen am 3. Dezember 2016]).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-aboutvenice.org-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-aboutvenice.org_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130627151212/http://www.aboutvenice.org/economy-of-venice.html">The economy of Venice, Italy</a>. Aboutvenice.org. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">22 April</span> 2010]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aboutvenice.org/economy-of-venice.html">原始内容</a>存档于2013-06-27）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&rft.btitle=The+economy+of+Venice%2C+Italy&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Aboutvenice.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aboutvenice.org%2Feconomy-of-venice.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pilgerreisen von Venedig nach Jerusalem im späten Mittelalter- Die Verträge mit dem Schiffspatron, Seite 2, Fabian H. Flöper, GRIN Verlag, 2011. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r61200749">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E4%B9%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="国际标准书号">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-3-656-04783-4" title="Special:网络书源/978-3-656-04783-4">978-3-656-04783-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Venice, page 71, Beryl D. 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The Guardian. 2 November 2016 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-03-16</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/nov/02/when-will-venice-sink-google">原始内容</a>存档于2022-06-06）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&rft.atitle=When+will+Venice+sink%3F+You+asked+Google+%E2%80%93+here%27s+the+answer+%E2%80%93+Jonathan+Buckley&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft.aulast=Buckley&rft.date=2016-11-02&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fcommentisfree%2F2016%2Fnov%2F02%2Fwhen-will-venice-sink-google&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Johnston, Chris. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220517005933/https://www.bbc.com/news/business-40400210">Italy forced to bail out two more banks</a>. BBC News. 25 June 2017 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-03-16</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/business-40400210">原始内容</a>存档于2022-05-17）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&rft.atitle=Italy+forced+to+bail+out+two+more+banks&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft.aulast=Johnston&rft.date=2017-06-25&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fbusiness-40400210&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Pratley, Nils. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220427170517/https://www.theguardian.com/business/2017/jun/26/italy-bank-eu-rescue-veneto-banca-banca-popolare-di-vicenza">Italy's €17bn bank job: self-preservation at a long-term EU price? – Nils Pratley</a>. 26 June 2017 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-03-16</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/business/2017/jun/26/italy-bank-eu-rescue-veneto-banca-banca-popolare-di-vicenza">原始内容</a>存档于2022-04-27） –通过www.theguardian.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&rft.aufirst=Nils&rft.aulast=Pratley&rft.btitle=Italy%27s+%E2%82%AC17bn+bank+job%3A+self-preservation+at+a+long-term+EU+price%3F+%E2%80%93+Nils+Pratley&rft.date=2017-06-26&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbusiness%2F2017%2Fjun%2F26%2Fitaly-bank-eu-rescue-veneto-banca-banca-popolare-di-vicenza&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-britannica.com-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-britannica.com_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141208050818/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/625298/Venice/24381/Economy">Venice (Italy) :: Economy – Britannica Online Encyclopedia</a>. 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The Telegraph. 12 June 2017. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/europe/italy/veneto/venice/articles/venice-bans-new-hotels-as-crackdown-on-tourism-continues/">存档</a>于10 January 2022）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&rft.atitle=Venice+bans+new+hotels+as+crackdown+on+tourism+continues&rft.aufirst=Gavin&rft.aulast=Haines&rft.date=2017-06-12&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Ftravel%2Fdestinations%2Feurope%2Fitaly%2Fveneto%2Fvenice%2Farticles%2Fvenice-bans-new-hotels-as-crackdown-on-tourism-continues%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33"> 含有連結內容需訂閱查看的頁面 (<a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E9%80%A3%E7%B5%90%E5%85%A7%E5%AE%B9%E9%9C%80%E8%A8%82%E9%96%B1%E6%9F%A5%E7%9C%8B%E7%9A%84%E9%A0%81%E9%9D%A2" title="Category:含有連結內容需訂閱查看的頁面">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-independent.co.uk-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-independent.co.uk_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220608014419/https://www.independent.co.uk/travel/news-and-advice/venice-bans-new-hotels-authorities-tourist-crackdown-italy-a7781221.html">Venice bans new hotels</a>. 9 June 2017 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-03-16</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/travel/news-and-advice/venice-bans-new-hotels-authorities-tourist-crackdown-italy-a7781221.html">原始内容</a>存档于2022-06-08）.</cite><span 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&rft.atitle=Blacklisting+Venice+To+Save+It+From+Too+Many+Tourists+And+Too+Few+Venetians&rft.aufirst=Cecilia&rft.aulast=Rodriguez&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fceciliarodriguez%2F2017%2F05%2F29%2Fblacklisting-venice-to-save-it-from-too-many-tourists-and-too-few-venetians%2F%2365ec92e61e50&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Settis, Salvatore. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220517010024/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/30/opinion/can-we-save-venice-before-its-too-late.html">Opinion – Can We Save Venice Before It's Too Late?</a>. 29 August 2016 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-03-16</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/30/opinion/can-we-save-venice-before-its-too-late.html">原始内容</a>存档于2022-05-17） –通过www.nytimes.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&rft.atitle=Opinion+%E2%80%93+Can+We+Save+Venice+Before+It%27s+Too+Late%3F&rft.aufirst=Salvatore&rft.aulast=Settis&rft.date=2016-08-29&rft.genre=article&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2016%2F08%2F30%2Fopinion%2Fcan-we-save-venice-before-its-too-late.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170822221320/http://veneziaautentica.com/venice-to-be-or-not-to-be-a-unesco-world-heritage-in-danger-that-is-the-question/">Venice, to be or not to be a UNESCO 'World Heritage in Danger'? That is the question.</a>. 25 January 2017 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-03-16</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://veneziaautentica.com/venice-to-be-or-not-to-be-a-unesco-world-heritage-in-danger-that-is-the-question/">原始内容</a>存档于2017-08-22）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&rft.btitle=Venice%2C+to+be+or+not+to+be+a+UNESCO+%27World+Heritage+in+Danger%27%3F+That+is+the+question.&rft.date=2017-01-25&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fveneziaautentica.com%2Fvenice-to-be-or-not-to-be-a-unesco-world-heritage-in-danger-that-is-the-question%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150317135657/http://www.dw.de/tourism-overwhelms-vanishing-venice/a-16364608">Tourism overwhelms vanishing Venice</a>. DW.de. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">13 January</span> 2015]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dw.de/tourism-overwhelms-vanishing-venice/a-16364608">原始内容</a>存档于2015-03-17）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&rft.atitle=Tourism+overwhelms+vanishing+Venice&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DW.de&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.de%2Ftourism-overwhelms-vanishing-venice%2Fa-16364608&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chinatimes.com/realtimenews/20240425004177-260408?chdtv">控制遊客人數義大利威尼斯宣布開徵「入城費」</a>. 中時新聞網. 2024-04-25 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2024-04-25</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240501032304/https://www.chinatimes.com/realtimenews/20240425004177-260408?chdtv">存档</a>于2024-05-01） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文网页">（中文）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&rft.atitle=%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E9%81%8A%E5%AE%A2%E4%BA%BA%E6%95%B8+%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%AE%A3%E5%B8%83%E9%96%8B%E5%BE%B5%E3%80%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%9F%8E%E8%B2%BB%E3%80%8D&rft.date=2024-04-25&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E4%B8%AD%E6%99%82%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E7%B6%B2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinatimes.com%2Frealtimenews%2F20240425004177-260408%3Fchdtv&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Webarchiv&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Webarchiv（页面不存在）">Template:Webarchiv</a>, in: <i>istitutoveneto.it.</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Istituto_Veneto_di_Scienze,_Lettere_ed_Arti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti（页面不存在）">Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti</a>, abgerufen am 4. Dezember 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hans-Jürgen Hübner: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geschichte-venedigs.de/lagune.html"><i>Die Lagune von Venedig</i></a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20220327024542/http://www.geschichte-venedigs.de/lagune.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）, in: <i>geschichte-venedigs.de</i>, Abschnitt <i>Valli da pesca</i>, abgerufen am 14. März 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tagesschau.de/ausland/europa/venedig-verbot-kreuzfahrtschiffe-101.html">Addio, Kreuzfahrtschiffe!</a>. tagesschau online. 2021-07-13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&rft.atitle=Addio%2C+Kreuzfahrtschiffe%21&rft.date=2021-07-13&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=tagesschau+online&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tagesschau.de%2Fausland%2Feuropa%2Fvenedig-verbot-kreuzfahrtschiffe-101.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20220517010031/https://www.tagesschau.de/ausland/europa/venedig-verbot-kreuzfahrtschiffe-101.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220517010031/https://www.tagesschau.de/ausland/europa/venedig-verbot-kreuzfahrtschiffe-101.html">存档副本</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-03-17</span>]</span>. 原始内容存档于2022-05-17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&rft.btitle=%E5%AD%98%E6%A1%A3%E5%89%AF%E6%9C%AC&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tagesschau.de%2Fausland%2Feuropa%2Fvenedig-verbot-kreuzfahrtschiffe-101.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://whc.unesco.org/archive/repcom87.htm#395">世界遗产委员会第11次会议报告</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-04-05</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180725163710/http://whc.unesco.org/archive/repcom87.htm#395">存档</a>于2018-07-25）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E9%81%97%E4%BA%A7%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A%E7%AC%AC11%E6%AC%A1%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE%E6%8A%A5%E5%91%8A&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Farchive%2Frepcom87.htm%23395&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vegapark.ve.it/">Website des Technologieparks</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20220423192941/https://www.vegapark.ve.it/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） Vega Parco Scientifico Tecnologico di Venezia scarl, in: <i>vegapark.ve.it,</i> abgerufen am 6. Dezember 2016 (italienisch).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Webarchiv&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Webarchiv（页面不存在）">Template:Webarchiv</a>. In: <i>venezia.it,</i> abgerufen am 7. Dezember 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.comune.venezia.it/content/rete-biblioteche-venezia"><i>Rete Biblioteche Venezia (RBV).</i></a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20220422130552/https://www.comune.venezia.it/content/rete-biblioteche-venezia">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） In: <i>venezia.it,</i> abgerufen am 7. Dezember 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.letteraturaitaliana.net/autori/ugo_foscolo.html">Foscolo su Biblioteca della letteratura italiana</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-10-05</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201030064304/http://www.letteraturaitaliana.net/autori/ugo_foscolo.html">存档</a>于2020-10-30）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&rft.btitle=Foscolo+su+Biblioteca+della+letteratura+italiana&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.letteraturaitaliana.net%2Fautori%2Fugo_foscolo.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090110084931/http://www.labiennale.org/en/biennale/history/origin/en/7823.html">The Venice Biennale: History of the Venice Biennale</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2008-09-20</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.labiennale.org/en/biennale/history/origin/en/7823.html">原始内容</a>存档于2009-01-10）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&rft.btitle=The+Venice+Biennale%3A+History+of+the+Venice+Biennale&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.labiennale.org%2Fen%2Fbiennale%2Fhistory%2Forigin%2Fen%2F7823.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090110084405/http://www.labiennale.org/en/biennale/history/origin/en/7823.3.html">The Venice Biennale: History From the beginnings until the Second World War (1893-1945)</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2008-09-20</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.labiennale.org/en/biennale/history/origin/en/7823.3.html">原始内容</a>存档于2009-01-10）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&rft.btitle=The+Venice+Biennale%3A+History+From+the+beginnings+until+the+Second+World+War+%281893-1945%29&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.labiennale.org%2Fen%2Fbiennale%2Fhistory%2Forigin%2Fen%2F7823.3.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-twins-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-twins_85-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190512152130/https://www.comune.venezia.it/it/content/gemellaggi-e-accordi">Gemellaggi e Accordi</a>. comune.venezia.it. Venezia. 11 December 2017 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2020-04-05</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.comune.venezia.it/it/content/gemellaggi-e-accordi">原始内容</a>存档于2019-05-12） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到意大利语网页">（意大利语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&rft.atitle=Gemellaggi+e+Accordi&rft.date=2017-12-11&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=comune.venezia.it&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.comune.venezia.it%2Fit%2Fcontent%2Fgemellaggi-e-accordi&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="延伸閱讀"><span id=".E5.BB.B6.E4.BC.B8.E9.96.B1.E8.AE.80"></span>延伸閱讀</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&action=edit&section=44" title="编辑章节：延伸閱讀"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="研究"><span id=".E7.A0.94.E7.A9.B6"></span>研究</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&action=edit&section=45" title="编辑章节：研究"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r80540462">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><cite class="citation book">Bosio, Luciano. Le origini di Venezia. Novara: Istituto Geografico De Agostini.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&rft.aufirst=Luciano&rft.aulast=Bosio&rft.btitle=Le+origini+di+Venezia&rft.genre=book&rft.place=Novara&rft.pub=Istituto+Geografico+De+Agostini&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li>Chambers, D.S. (1970). <i>The Imperial Age of Venice, 1380-1580.</i> London: Thames & Hudson. The best brief introduction in English, still completely reliable.</li> <li>Contarini, Gasparo (1599). <i>The Commonwealth and Gouernment of Venice.</i> Lewes Lewkenor, trsl. London: "Imprinted by I. Windet for E. Mattes." The most important contemporary account of Venice's governance during the time of its blossoming. Also available in various reprint editions.</li> <li>Drechsler, Wolfgang (2002). "Venice Misappropriated." <i>Trames</i> 6(2), pp. 192–201. A scathing review of Martin & Romano 2000; also a good summary on the most recent economic and political thought on Venice.</li> <li>Garrett, Martin, "Venice: a Cultural History" (2006). Revised edition of "Venice: a Cultural and Literary Companion" (2001).</li> <li>Grubb, James S. (1986). "When Myths Lose Power: Four Decades of Venetian Historiography." <i>Journal of Modern History</i> 58, pp. 43–94. The classic "muckraking" essay on the myths of Venice.</li> <li>Lane, Frederic Chapin. <i>Venice: Maritime Republic</i> (1973) (<a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780801814457" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-8018-1445-7</a>) standard scholarly history; emphasis on economic, political and diplomatic history</li> <li>Laven, Mary, "Virgins of Venice: Enclosed Lives and Broken Vows in the Renaissance Convent (2002). The most important study of the life of Renaissance nuns, with much on aristocratic family networks and the life of women more generally.</li> <li>Martin, John Jeffries and Dennis Romano (eds). <i>Venice Reconsidered. The History and Civilization of an Italian City-State, 1297-1797.</i> (2002) Johns Hopkins UP. The most recent collection on essays, many by prominent scholars, on Venice.</li> <li>Muir, Edward (1981). <i>Civic Ritual in Renaissance Venice.</i> Princeton UP. The classic of Venetian cultural studies, highly sophisticated.</li> <li>Rösch, Gerhard (2000). <i>Venedig. Geschichte einer Seerepublik.</i> Stuttgart: Kohlhammer. In German, but the most recent top-level brief history of Venice.</li> <li>Caroline Fletcher, Tom Spencer (Hrsg.): <span lang="en"><i>Flooding and Environmental Challenges for Venice and its Lagoon. State of Knowledge.</i></span> Cambridge University Press, Cambridge/New York 2005, <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0521840465" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-521-84046-5</a> (《<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id={{{id}}}">威尼斯</a>》在<a href="/wiki/Google%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8" title="Google圖書">Google Books</a>的內容。)</li> <li>Giampaolo Rallo: <i>Guida alla natura nella Laguna di Venezia. Itinerari, storia e informazioni naturalistiche</i> (= <i>Viaggi e natura.</i>). Muzzio, Padova (Padua) 1996, <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/8870217353" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 88-7021-735-3</a>.</li> <li>Fabrizio Fabbri: <i>Porto Marghera e la laguna di Venezia. Vita, morte, miracoli. Un libro di Greenpeace</i> (= <i>Di fronte e attraverso</i>, 599; <i>Terra-terra</i>). Jaca Book, Mailand; Alce nero, [Isola del Piano] 2003, <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/8816405996" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 88-16-40599-6</a> (《<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id={{{id}}}">威尼斯</a>》在<a href="/wiki/Google%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8" title="Google圖書">Google Books</a>的內容。)</li> <li>Mauro Bon, Emanuele Stival: <i>Uccelli di laguna e di città. L’atlante ornitologico nel comune di Venezia 2006-2011</i>, Marsilio, 2013.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="歷史記錄"><span id=".E6.AD.B7.E5.8F.B2.E8.A8.98.E9.8C.84"></span>歷史記錄</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&action=edit&section=46" title="编辑章节：歷史記錄"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r80540462"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Sergio Barizza: <i>Storia di Mestre</i> (= <i>Città nelle Venezie dall’unità ai nostri giorni.</i> Band 9). Il Poligrafo, Padova (Padua) 1994, <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/8871150651" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 88-7115-065-1</a>.</li> <li>威尼斯在線上《<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%A3%AB%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E8%BE%AD%E5%85%B8" title="瑞士歷史辭典">瑞士歷史辭典</a>》中的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/d/D6646.php">德文</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F6646.php">法文</a>或<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/i/I6646.php">義大利文</a>版詞條。</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Riccardo_Calimani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Riccardo Calimani（页面不存在）">Riccardo Calimani</a>: <i>Die Kaufleute von Venedig. Die Geschichte der Juden in der Löwenrepublik.</i> Übers. von Sylvia Höfer. Claasen, Düsseldorf 1988, <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/3546416996" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-546-41699-6</a>. <ul><li>ital. OT: <i>Storia del ghetto di Venezia.</i> 3. Auflage. Rusconi, Milano (Mailand) 1986, <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/8818120182" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 88-18-12018-2</a>; Edizioni Mondadori, Milano 1995, Ebook: ebenda 2010, <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9788852015151" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-88-520-1515-1</a> (《<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id={{{id}}}">威尼斯</a>》在<a href="/wiki/Google%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8" title="Google圖書">Google Books</a>的內容。; italienisch).</li></ul></li> <li>Vincenzo Delle Donne: <i>Venedig: Liebe, Leid und Laster.</i> Epubli, Berlin 2021, <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9783754145500" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-7541-4550-0</a>.</li> <li>Peter Feldbauer, Gottfried Lidl, John Morrissey: <i>Venedig 800–1600. Die Serenissima als Weltmacht</i> (= <i>Expansion, Interaktion, Akkulturation.</i> Band 18). Mandelbaum Verlag, Wien 2010, <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9783854763482" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-85476-348-2</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arne_Karsten&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arne Karsten（页面不存在）">Arne Karsten</a>: <i>Kleine Geschichte Venedigs.</i> C. H. Beck, München 2008, <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9783406576409" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-406-57640-9</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reinhard_Lebe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reinhard Lebe（页面不存在）">Reinhard Lebe</a>: <i>Als Markus nach Venedig kam – Venezianische Geschichte im Zeichen des Markuslöwen.</i> Vom Verf. bearb. Neuausg. Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, Stuttgart 1987, <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/3421063443" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-421-06344-3</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%B6tz_Freiherr_von_P%C3%B6lnitz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Götz Freiherr von Pölnitz（页面不存在）">Götz Freiherr von Pölnitz</a>: <i>Venedig.</i> Georg D. W. Callwey, München 1951, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61200749"><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E6%9C%BA%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6%E9%A6%86%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83" title="联机计算机图书馆中心">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5260213">5260213</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerhard_R%C3%B6sch_(Historiker)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerhard Rösch (Historiker)（页面不存在）">Gerhard Rösch</a>: <i>Venedig. Geschichte einer Seerepublik.</i> Mit einem Vorw. von <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Johanek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Johanek（页面不存在）">Peter Johanek</a>. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart/Berlin/Köln 2000, <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/3170145479" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-17-014547-9</a>.</li> <li>Gerhard Rösch: <i>Venedig und das Reich. Handels- und verkehrspolitische Beziehungen in der deutschen Kaiserzeit</i> (= <a href="/w/index.php?title=Deutsches_Historisches_Institut_in_Rom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deutsches Historisches Institut in Rom（页面不存在）">Deutsches Historisches Institut in Rom</a>: <i>Bibliothek des Deutschen Historischen Instituts in Rom</i>, 53). Niemeyer, Tübingen 1982, <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/3484820535" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-484-82053-5</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alvise_Zorzi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alvise Zorzi（页面不存在）">Alvise Zorzi</a>: <i>Venedig. Die Geschichte der Löwenrepublik.</i> Übers. von Sylvia Höfer. Claassen, Düsseldorf 1985, <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/3546499743" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-546-49974-3</a>; 2. Auflage: Claasen, Hildesheim 1992, <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/3546000242" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-546-00024-2</a>. <ul><li>ital. OT: <i>La Repubblica del Leone. Storia di Venezia.</i> RCS Libri, Tascabili Bompiani Milano 2008; Ebook: 2012, <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9788858725290" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-88-58-72529-0</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.de/books?id=G6yDKxBBGb8C&printsec=frontcover&hl=de&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false">google.books: eingeschränkte Vorschau</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20220422130550/https://books.google.de/books?id=G6yDKxBBGb8C&printsec=frontcover&hl=de&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）).</li></ul></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="文化_2"><span id=".E6.96.87.E5.8C.96_2"></span>文化</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&action=edit&section=47" title="编辑章节：文化"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r80540462"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Ennio Concina (Text), Piero Codato, Vittorio Pavan (Fotogr.): <i>Kirchen in Venedig. Kunst und Geschichte.</i> Übers. von Peter Schiller. Hirmer, München 1996, <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/3777470104" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-7774-7010-4</a>. <ul><li>ital. OT: <i>Le chiese di Venezia. L’arte e la storia.</i> Magnus Edizioni, Udine 1995, <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/887057153X" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 88-7057-153-X</a>.</li></ul></li> <li>Richard J[ohn] Goy: <i>Stadt in der Lagune. Leben und Bauen in Venedig.</i> Übers. von Sieglinde Denzel. Knesebeck, München 1998, <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/3896600303" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-89660-030-3</a>. <ul><li>Vgl. Richard J. Goy: <span lang="en"><i>Venetian Vernacular Architecture. Traditional Housing in the Venetian Lagoon.</i></span> Cambridge University Press, Cambridge u. a. 1989, <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0521345812" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-521-34581-2</a>; Neuausg. Cambridge University Press, New York 2010, <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780521154901" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-521-15490-1</a> (《<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id={{{id}}}">威尼斯</a>》在<a href="/wiki/Google%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8" title="Google圖書">Google Books</a>的內容。).</li></ul></li> <li>Norbert Huse: <i>Venedig: Von der Kunst, eine Stadt im Wasser zu bauen.</i> C. H. Beck, München 2005, <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/3406527469" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-406-52746-9</a>; (= <i>Beck’sche Reihe</i>, Bd. 1784). 1. Auflage [sic!], C. H. Beck, München 2008, <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9783406548215" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-406-54821-5</a> (《<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id={{{id}}}">威尼斯</a>》在<a href="/wiki/Google%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8" title="Google圖書">Google Books</a>的內容。).</li> <li>Giandomenico Romanelli (Hrsg.): <i>Venedig. Kunst & Architektur.</i> 2 Bände. Übers. aus dem Ital. und Engl. von Ulrike Bischoff. Könemann Verlagsgesellschaft, Köln 1997, <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/3895085928" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-89508-592-8</a>. <ul><li>ital. OT: <i>Venezia l’arte nei secoli.</i> Magnus Ed., Udine 1997 (《<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id={{{id}}}">威尼斯</a>》在<a href="/wiki/Google%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8" title="Google圖書">Google Books</a>的內容。).</li></ul></li> <li>Giandomenico Romanelli (Text), Mark E. Smith (Fotogr.), Cesare M. Cunaccia (Bildtexte): <i>Venedig.</i> Übers. von Klaudia Murmann. Hirmer, München 1997, <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/3777473901" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-7774-7390-1</a> (ital. OT: <i>Ritratto di Venezia</i>).</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Franz_Peter_Waiblinger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Franz Peter Waiblinger（页面不存在）">Franz Peter Waiblinger</a> (Hrsg.): <i>Venedig. Ein literarischer Reiseführer.</i> Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt 2003, <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/3534165896" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-534-16589-6</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brigitte_Wormbs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brigitte Wormbs（页面不存在）">Brigitte Wormbs</a>, Wolftraud de Concini: <i>Venedig</i>, dtv, München 1984, <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/3423037180" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-423-03718-0</a>; 4., aktualis. und überarb. Aufl., ebenda 1992, <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/3423037180" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-423-03718-0</a>.</li> <li>Robert C. Davis, Garry R. Marvin: <span lang="en"><i>Venice, the Tourist Maze. A Cultural Critique of the World’s Most Touristed City.</i></span> University of California Press, Berkeley 2004, <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0520937805" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-520-93780-5</a> (《<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id={{{id}}}">威尼斯</a>》在<a href="/wiki/Google%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8" title="Google圖書">Google Books</a>的內容。).</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="其他"><span id=".E5.85.B6.E4.BB.96"></span>其他</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&action=edit&section=48" title="编辑章节：其他"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r80540462"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Cole, Toby. <i>Venice: A Portable Reader,</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_Hill&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lawrence Hill（页面不存在）">Lawrence Hill</a>, 1979. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780882080970" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-88208-097-0</a> (hardcover); <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780882081076" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-88208-107-6</a> (softcover).</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jan_Morris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jan Morris（页面不存在）">Morris, Jan</a> (1993), <i>Venice</i>. 3rd revised edition. <a href="/wiki/Faber_%26_Faber" class="mw-redirect" title="Faber & Faber">Faber & Faber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780571168972" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-571-16897-2</a>. A subjective and passionate written introduction to the city and some of its history. Not illustrated.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Ruskin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Ruskin（页面不存在）">Ruskin, John (1853)</a>. <i>The Stones of Venice</i>. Abridged edition Links, JG (Ed), <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="Penguin Books">Penguin Books</a>, 2001. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780141390659" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-14-139065-9</a>. Seminal work on architecture and society</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrea_di_Robilant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrea di Robilant（页面不存在）">di Robilant, Andrea</a> (2004). <i>A Venetian Affair</i>. <a href="/wiki/Harper_Collins" class="mw-redirect" title="Harper Collins">Harper Collins</a>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9781841155425" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-84115-542-5</a> Biography of Venetian nobleman and lover, from correspondence in the 1750s.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部連結"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.80.A3.E7.B5.90"></span>外部連結</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&action=edit&section=49" title="编辑章节：外部連結"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655521">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655520">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E5%9F%BA%E5%B0%8E%E9%81%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="維基導遊">維基導遊</a>上的相關旅行指南：<b><a href="https://zh.wikivoyage.org/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF" class="extiw" title="voy:威尼斯">威尼斯</a></b></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655521"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90" title="维基共享资源">维基共享资源</a>中相关的多媒体资源：<b><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Venezia?uselang=zh">威尼斯</a></b></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655521"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83112147">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>Venice</b>在维基百科的<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E5%AA%92%E4%BD%93%E5%A7%8A%E5%A6%B9%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE" title="Wikipedia:维基媒体姊妹项目"><span id="sister-projects">姊妹项目</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link">维基词典上的<a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Venice" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Venice">字词解释</a></span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link">维基共享资源上的<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Venezia" class="extiw" title="c:Venezia">多媒体资源</a></span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link">维基新闻上的<a href="https://zh.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Venice" class="extiw" title="n:Special:Search/Venice">新闻</a></span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link">维基语录上的<a href="https://zh.wikiquote.org/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF" class="extiw" title="q:威尼斯">名言</a></span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link">维基文库上的<a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Venice" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Venice">原始文献</a></span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link">维基教科书上的<a href="https://zh.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Venice" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Venice">教科书和手册</a></span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link">维基学院上的<a href="https://zh.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Venice" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Venice">学习资源</a></span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="義大利語">（意大利文）</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.comune.venezia.it/">威尼斯 - 官方網站</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20050709031013/http://www.comune.venezia.it/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="義大利語">（意大利文）</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="德語">（德文）</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="法語">（法文）</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="西班牙語">（西班牙文）</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="葡萄牙語">（葡萄牙文）</span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rioba.it/">威尼斯：橋樑和街道</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20200902163833/http://www.rioba.it/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="義大利語">（意大利文）</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070105000842/http://www.guesthouseinitaly.com/guesthouse-hotel-hostel-b%26b/venice/venice_-_more_info_about.../">威尼斯：威尼斯信息</a></li> <li><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="義大利語">（意大利文）</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.italyguides.it/us/venice_italy/venice_travel.htm">威尼斯的介紹－虛擬電影</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150410045420/http://www.italyguides.it/us/venice_italy/venice_travel.htm">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="義大利語">（意大利文）</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.basilicasanmarco.it">聖馬可教堂</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20110728105821/http://www.basilicasanmarco.it/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://maps.google.com/maps?q=venice,+italy&ll=45.436406,12.337475&spn=0.048061,0.164383&t=k&hl=en">威尼斯的衛星照片</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20111213134218/http://maps.google.com/maps?q=venice,+italy&ll=45.436406,12.337475&spn=0.048061,0.164383&t=k&hl=en">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）來自<a href="/wiki/Google_Maps" class="mw-redirect" title="Google Maps">Google Maps</a></li> <li><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="義大利語">（意大利文）</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.venicemarathon.com/">威尼斯馬拉松</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20010107180900/http://www.venicemarathon.com/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="義大利語">（意大利文）</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080915185925/http://www.guggenheim.venice.it/">古根漢美術館</a></li> <li><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="義大利語">（意大利文）</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cini.it">Cini foundation museum</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210309190539/http://www.cini.it/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080219143650/http://www.oldstratforduponavon.com/venice">威尼斯的古老明信片</a></li> <li><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="義大利語">（意大利文）</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.actv.it/">Official ACTV - 威尼斯的大眾運輸系統</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20110213211919/http://www.actv.it/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130424145120/http://humanities.cn/modules/article/view.article.php?98">崔泉墨：威尼斯與伊斯蘭世界</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:" :"}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E8%A5%BF%E5%8C%97%E9%83%A8" title="義大利西北部">西北</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div> <ul><li><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:blue;background-color:transparent;;">93</span>：绘有<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%80%E5%90%8E%E7%9A%84%E6%99%9A%E9%A4%90_(%E8%BE%BE%E8%8A%AC%E5%A5%87)" title="最后的晚餐 (达芬奇)">达·芬奇《最后的晚餐》</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%81%A9%E5%AE%A0%E5%9C%A3%E6%AF%8D_(%E7%B1%B3%E5%85%B0)" title="恩宠圣母 (米兰)">圣玛丽亚感恩教堂和多明各会修道院</a></li> <li><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:blue;background-color:transparent;;">94</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E8%8E%AB%E5%B0%BC%E5%8D%A1%E8%B0%B7%E5%9C%B0%E5%B2%A9%E7%94%BB" title="卡莫尼卡谷地岩画">卡莫尼卡谷地岩画</a></li> <li><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:blue;background-color:transparent;;">730</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E8%BE%BE%E6%B2%B3%E7%95%94%E5%85%8B%E9%9B%B7%E6%96%AF%E7%9A%AE" title="阿达河畔克雷斯皮">阿达河畔克雷斯皮</a></li> <li><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:blue;background-color:transparent;;">823</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E4%BC%8F%E4%BE%9D%E7%8E%8B%E5%AE%A4%E5%B1%85%E6%89%80" title="薩伏依王室居所">薩伏依王室居所</a></li> <li><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:blue;background-color:transparent;;">826</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%A6%E5%86%85%E9%9B%B7%E6%B8%AF" title="韦内雷港">韦内雷港</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E6%B8%94%E6%9D%91" title="五渔村">五渔村</a>及其岛屿群 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E5%B0%94%E9%A9%AC%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A%E5%B2%9B" title="帕尔马里亚岛">帕尔马里亚岛</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%82%E8%AB%BE%E5%B3%B6" title="蒂諾島">蒂諾島</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%82%E5%85%A7%E6%89%98%E5%B3%B6" title="蒂內托島">蒂內托島</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:blue;background-color:transparent;;">1068</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E5%9F%83%E8%92%99%E7%89%B9%E5%8F%8A%E5%80%AB%E5%B7%B4%E7%AC%AC%E8%81%96%E5%B1%B1" title="皮埃蒙特及倫巴第聖山">皮埃蒙特及倫巴第聖山</a></li> <li><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:blue;background-color:transparent;;">1211</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E9%82%A3%E4%BA%9A" title="热那亚">热那亚</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E9%87%8C%E6%B3%A2%E7%AC%AC%E8%A1%97_(%E7%83%AD%E9%82%A3%E4%BA%9A)" title="加里波第街 (热那亚)">新街</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E5%88%A9%E5%AE%AB%E6%AE%BF%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB" title="罗利宫殿体系">罗利宫殿体系</a></li> <li><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:blue;background-color:transparent;;">1276</span><sup><small>A</small></sup>：<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B7%E8%92%82%E4%BA%9A%E9%93%81%E8%B7%AF" title="雷蒂亚铁路">雷蒂亚铁路</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89%E9%93%81%E8%B7%AF" title="阿尔布拉铁路">阿尔布拉</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%AF%E7%88%BE%E5%B0%BC%E7%B4%8D%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF" title="伯爾尼納鐵路">贝尔尼纳</a>的景致</li> <li><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:blue;background-color:transparent;;">1287</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BC%E6%89%98%E7%93%A6" title="曼托瓦">曼托瓦</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E6%AF%94%E5%A5%A5%E5%86%85%E5%A1%94" title="萨比奥内塔">萨比奥内塔</a></li> <li><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:blue;background-color:transparent;;">1390</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%97%E6%A0%BC-%E6%B4%9B%E5%9F%83%E6%B4%9B%E5%92%8C%E8%92%99%E8%8F%B2%E6%8B%89%E6%89%98%E7%9A%84%E7%9A%AE%E5%9F%83%E8%92%99%E7%89%B9%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E5%9C%92%E6%99%AF%E8%A7%80" title="朗格-洛埃洛和蒙菲拉托的皮埃蒙特葡萄園景觀">朗格-洛埃洛和蒙菲拉托的皮埃蒙特葡萄園景觀</a></li> <li><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:blue;background-color:transparent;;">1538</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%A4%AB%E9%9B%B7%E4%BA%9A" title="伊夫雷亚">伊夫雷亚</a>，20世纪工业城市</li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%B8%9C%E5%8C%97%E9%83%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="意大利东北部">东北</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div> <ul><li><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:blue;background-color:transparent;;">394</span>：<a class="mw-selflink selflink">威尼斯</a>及其<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%E6%BD%9F%E6%B9%96" title="威尼斯潟湖">潟湖</a></li> <li><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:blue;background-color:transparent;;">712</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E7%90%B4%E5%AF%9F%E5%9F%8E%E5%92%8C%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%89%98%E7%9A%84%E5%B8%95%E6%8B%89%E7%AC%AC%E5%A5%A7%E5%BC%8F%E5%88%A5%E5%A2%85" title="維琴察城和威尼托的帕拉第奧式別墅">維琴察城和威尼托的帕拉第奧式別墅</a></li> <li><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:blue;background-color:transparent;;">733</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B9%E6%8B%89%E6%8B%89" title="费拉拉">文艺复兴城市费拉拉城</a>及<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="波河三角洲" data-lang-code="it" data-lang-name="義大利語" data-foreign-title="Delta_del_Po"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%A2%E6%B2%B3%E4%B8%89%E8%A7%92%E6%B4%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="波河三角洲（页面不存在）">波河三角洲</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">義大利語</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta_del_Po" class="extiw" title="it:Delta del Po"><span lang="it" dir="auto">Delta_del_Po</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:blue;background-color:transparent;;">788</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E6%96%87%E7%B4%8D" title="拉文納">拉文纳的早期基督教古迹</a></li> <li><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:blue;background-color:transparent;;">797</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E7%BD%97%E7%BA%B3" title="维罗纳">维罗纳城</a></li> <li><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:blue;background-color:transparent;;">824</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E5%A4%9A%E7%93%A6%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%9B%AD" title="帕多瓦植物园">帕多瓦植物园</a></li> <li><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:blue;background-color:transparent;;">825</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%A5%8E%E8%90%8A%E4%BA%9E" title="阿奎萊亞">阿奎萊亞古迹区</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%A5%8E%E8%8E%B1%E4%BA%9A%E5%9C%A3%E6%AF%8D%E5%8D%87%E5%A4%A9%E5%AE%97%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E5%9C%A3%E6%AE%BF%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E5%BA%A7%E5%A0%82" title="阿奎莱亚圣母升天宗主教圣殿主教座堂">宗主教圣殿主教座堂</a></li> <li><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:blue;background-color:transparent;;">827</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E5%BE%B7%E7%BA%B3%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E5%BA%A7%E5%A0%82" title="摩德纳主教座堂">摩德纳的主教座堂</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%82%E6%B0%91%E5%A1%94" title="市民塔">市民塔</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E5%BE%B7%E7%BA%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%B9%BF%E5%9C%BA" title="摩德纳大广场">大广场</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9" title="中意大利">中部</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div> <ul><li><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:blue;background-color:transparent;;">91</span><sup><small>B</small></sup>：<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC" title="罗马">羅馬歷史中心</a>，享受治外法權的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E5%BA%A7%E6%88%BF%E5%9C%B0%E4%BA%A7" title="圣座房地产">羅馬教廷建築</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E5%A4%96%E5%9C%A3%E4%BF%9D%E7%A6%84%E5%A4%A7%E6%AE%BF" title="城外圣保禄大殿">城外聖保祿大殿</a> <ul><li>義大利有1處，合共16處</li></ul></li> <li><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:blue;background-color:transparent;;">174</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E7%BD%97%E4%BC%A6%E8%90%A8" title="佛罗伦萨">佛罗伦萨历史中心</a></li> <li><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:blue;background-color:transparent;;">175</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E6%96%AF%E5%8D%A1%E7%BA%B3%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%85%E8%BF%AA%E5%A5%87%E5%88%AB%E5%A2%85%E5%92%8C%E8%8A%B1%E5%9B%AD" title="托斯卡纳的梅迪奇别墅和花园">托斯卡纳的美第奇别墅和花园</a></li> <li><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:blue;background-color:transparent;;">395</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%87%E8%BF%B9%E5%B9%BF%E5%9C%BA" title="奇迹广场">比萨主教座堂广场</a></li> <li><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:blue;background-color:transparent;;">550</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E5%90%89%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%BA" title="圣吉米尼亚诺">圣吉米尼亚诺历史中心</a></li> <li><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:blue;background-color:transparent;;">717</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E9%94%A1%E8%80%B6%E7%BA%B3" title="锡耶纳">锡耶纳历史中心</a></li> <li><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:blue;background-color:transparent;;">789</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E6%81%A9%E6%89%8E" title="皮恩扎">皮恩扎城历史中心</a></li> <li><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:blue;background-color:transparent;;">828</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%B0%94%E6%AF%94%E8%AF%BA" title="乌尔比诺">乌尔比诺历史中心</a></li> <li><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:blue;background-color:transparent;;">907</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%BE%B7%E8%89%AF%E5%88%AB%E5%A2%85" title="哈德良别墅">哈德良别墅（蒂沃利）</a></li> <li><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:blue;background-color:transparent;;">990</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E8%A5%BF%E8%A5%BF" title="阿西西">阿西西古镇</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E8%A5%BF%E8%A5%BF%E7%9A%84%E5%9C%A3%E6%96%B9%E6%B5%8E%E5%90%84%E5%9C%A3%E6%AE%BF" title="亚西西的圣方济各圣殿">圣方济各修道院</a>和其他方济各会地点</li> <li><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:blue;background-color:transparent;;">1025</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%82%E6%B2%83%E5%88%A9" title="蒂沃利">蒂沃利</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E5%88%AB%E5%A2%85" title="埃斯特别墅">埃斯特别墅</a></li> <li><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:blue;background-color:transparent;;">1026</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%B0%94%E6%81%B0%E8%B0%B7" title="奥尔恰谷">奥尔恰谷</a></li> <li><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:blue;background-color:transparent;;">1158</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%87%E5%B0%94%E9%9F%A6%E6%B3%B0%E9%87%8C" title="切尔韦泰里">切尔韦泰里</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E5%B0%94%E5%A5%8E%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="塔尔奎尼亚">塔尔奎尼亚</a>的伊特鲁里亚坟场群</li> <li><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:blue;background-color:transparent;;">1613</span><sup><small>C</small></sup>：<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E6%B8%A9%E6%B3%89%E7%96%97%E5%85%BB%E8%83%9C%E5%9C%B0" title="欧洲温泉疗养胜地">欧洲温泉疗养胜地</a> <ul><li>意大利境內有1處，合共11處</li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E5%8D%97%E9%83%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="意大利南部">南部</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div> <ul><li><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:blue;background-color:transparent;;">398</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E7%89%B9%E5%9F%8E%E5%A0%A1" title="蒙特城堡">蒙特城堡</a></li> <li><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:blue;background-color:transparent;;">549</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%A1%9E%E5%A1%94%E7%8E%8B%E5%AE%AE" title="卡塞塔王宮">卡塞塔的18世纪花园皇宫</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%AC%E7%B6%AD%E6%B3%B0%E5%88%A9%E6%B0%B4%E9%81%93%E6%A9%8B" title="萬維泰利水道橋">萬維泰利水道橋</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E8%90%8A%E7%83%8F%E5%96%AC%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89%E7%BE%A4" title="聖萊烏喬建築群">聖萊烏喬建築群</a></li> <li><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:blue;background-color:transparent;;">670</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E6%B3%B0%E6%8B%89%E7%9A%84%E7%9F%B3%E7%AA%9F%E6%B0%91%E5%B1%85" title="馬泰拉的石窟民居">马泰拉的石窟民居</a>和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A9%86%E5%8B%92%E6%89%8E%E9%A9%AC%E6%B3%B0%E6%8B%89%E9%82%A3%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="穆勒扎马泰拉那公园（页面不存在）">石头教堂公园</a></li> <li><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:blue;background-color:transparent;;">726</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E9%82%A3%E4%B8%8D%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83" title="那不勒斯历史中心">那不勒斯历史中心</a></li> <li><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:blue;background-color:transparent;;">787</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E8%B4%9D%E7%BD%97%E8%B4%9D%E6%B4%9B" title="阿尔贝罗贝洛">阿尔贝罗贝洛</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E9%AD%AF%E6%B4%9B" title="特魯洛">圆顶石屋</a></li> <li><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:blue;background-color:transparent;;">829</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%9E%E8%B4%9D" title="庞贝">庞贝</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E5%BA%93%E5%85%B0%E5%B0%BC%E5%A7%86%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%8E" title="赫库兰尼姆古城">赫库兰尼姆</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E9%9B%B7%E5%AE%89%E8%BE%B2%E9%BD%8A%E4%BA%9E%E5%A1%94" title="托雷安農齊亞塔">托雷安農齊亞塔</a>的考古区</li> <li><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:blue;background-color:transparent;;">830</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%94%E8%8F%B2%E6%B5%B7%E5%B2%B8" title="阿马尔菲海岸">阿马尔菲海岸</a></li> <li><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:blue;background-color:transparent;;">842</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%87%E5%80%AB%E6%89%98%E5%92%8C%E8%BF%AA%E4%BA%9E%E8%AB%BE%E6%B2%B3%E8%B0%B7%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%92" title="奇倫托和迪亞諾河谷國家公園">奇倫托和迪亞諾河谷國家公園</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E5%9F%83%E6%96%AF%E5%9B%BE%E5%A7%86" title="帕埃斯图姆">帕埃斯图姆</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%A6%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="韦利亚">韦利亚</a>考古遗址，及<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E6%9D%9C%E6%8B%89%E7%9A%84%E5%98%89%E9%83%BD%E8%A5%BF%E6%9C%83%E4%BF%AE%E9%99%A2" title="帕杜拉的嘉都西會修院">帕杜拉的嘉都西會修院</a></li> <li><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:blue;background-color:transparent;;">1708</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%BA%87%E4%BA%9E%E9%81%93" title="阿庇亞道">阿庇亞道</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E5%B3%B6%E5%B6%BC" title="義大利島嶼">岛屿</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div> <ul><li><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:blue;background-color:transparent;;">831</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E6%AE%BF%E4%B9%8B%E8%B0%B7" title="神殿之谷">阿格里真托考古区</a></li> <li><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:blue;background-color:transparent;;">832</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E8%96%A9%E7%88%BE%E7%9A%84%E5%8F%A4%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%88%A5%E5%A2%85" title="卡薩爾的古羅馬別墅">卡薩爾的古羅馬別墅</a></li> <li><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:blue;background-color:transparent;;">833</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%AA%E6%8B%89%E5%96%9C" title="努拉喜">巴鲁米尼的努拉格</a></li> <li><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:blue;background-color:transparent;;">1024</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E6%89%98%E5%A3%81%E5%9E%92" title="诺托壁垒">诺托壁垒的晚期巴洛克城镇（东南西西里）</a></li> <li><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:blue;background-color:transparent;;">1200</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E9%94%A1%E6%8B%89%E5%BA%93%E8%90%A8" title="锡拉库萨">锡拉库萨</a>和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BD%98%E5%A1%94%E7%AB%8B%E5%85%8B%E5%9D%9F%E5%9C%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="潘塔立克坟场（页面不存在）">潘塔立克石坟场</a></li> <li><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:blue;background-color:transparent;;">1487</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF-%E8%AF%BA%E6%9B%BC%E6%97%B6%E6%9C%9F%E7%9A%84%E5%B7%B4%E5%8B%92%E8%8E%AB%E4%BB%A5%E5%8F%8A%E5%88%87%E6%B3%95%E5%8D%A2%E5%92%8C%E8%92%99%E9%9B%B7%E9%98%BF%E8%8E%B1%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E5%BA%A7%E5%A0%82" title="阿拉伯-诺曼时期的巴勒莫以及切法卢和蒙雷阿莱的主教座堂">阿拉伯-诺曼时期的巴勒莫以及切法卢和蒙雷阿莱的主教座堂</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">分布于<br />全境</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div> <ul><li><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:blue;background-color:transparent;;">1318</span>：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BC%A6%E5%B7%B4%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%BA%E9%81%97%E5%9D%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="意大利伦巴第人遗址（页面不存在）">意大利伦巴第人遗址</a></li> <li><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:blue;background-color:transparent;;">1363</span><sup><small>D</small></sup>：<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%8D%91%E6%96%AF%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA%E5%8F%B2%E5%89%8D%E6%B9%96%E5%B2%B8%E6%9C%A8%E6%A1%A9%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91" title="阿尔卑斯地区史前湖岸木桩建筑">阿尔卑斯地区史前湖岸木桩建筑</a> <ul><li>義大利境內有19處，合共111處</li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Spagna_Spanische_Treppe_Rom.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Spanish Steps, Rome"><img alt="Spanish Steps, Rome" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Spagna_Spanische_Treppe_Rom.jpg/65px-Spagna_Spanische_Treppe_Rom.jpg" decoding="async" width="65" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Spagna_Spanische_Treppe_Rom.jpg/98px-Spagna_Spanische_Treppe_Rom.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Spagna_Spanische_Treppe_Rom.jpg/130px-Spagna_Spanische_Treppe_Rom.jpg 2x" data-file-width="436" data-file-height="650" /></a><figcaption>Spanish Steps, Rome</figcaption></figure><br /><figure class="mw-halign-right mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Castel_del_Monte_-_front_view.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Castel del Monte"><img alt="Castel del Monte" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Castel_del_Monte_-_front_view.jpg/65px-Castel_del_Monte_-_front_view.jpg" decoding="async" width="65" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Castel_del_Monte_-_front_view.jpg/98px-Castel_del_Monte_-_front_view.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Castel_del_Monte_-_front_view.jpg/130px-Castel_del_Monte_-_front_view.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6197" data-file-height="4898" /></a><figcaption>Castel del Monte</figcaption></figure><br /><figure class="mw-halign-right mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Leonardo_da_Vinci_-_The_Last_Supper_high_res.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Last Supper by Leonardo da Vinci in the Church of Santa Maria delle Grazie, Milan"><img alt="The Last Supper by Leonardo da Vinci in the Church of Santa Maria delle Grazie, Milan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Leonardo_da_Vinci_-_The_Last_Supper_high_res.jpg/65px-Leonardo_da_Vinci_-_The_Last_Supper_high_res.jpg" decoding="async" width="65" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Leonardo_da_Vinci_-_The_Last_Supper_high_res.jpg/98px-Leonardo_da_Vinci_-_The_Last_Supper_high_res.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Leonardo_da_Vinci_-_The_Last_Supper_high_res.jpg/130px-Leonardo_da_Vinci_-_The_Last_Supper_high_res.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5381" data-file-height="2926" /></a><figcaption>The Last Supper by Leonardo da Vinci in the Church of Santa Maria delle Grazie, Milan</figcaption></figure><br /><figure class="mw-halign-right mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CasertaNorthernAspect.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Royal Palace of Caserta"><img alt="Royal Palace of Caserta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/CasertaNorthernAspect.jpg/65px-CasertaNorthernAspect.jpg" decoding="async" width="65" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/CasertaNorthernAspect.jpg/98px-CasertaNorthernAspect.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/CasertaNorthernAspect.jpg/130px-CasertaNorthernAspect.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Royal Palace of Caserta</figcaption></figure><br /><figure class="mw-halign-right mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Venezia-punta_della_dogana.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Venice"><img alt="Venice" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Venezia-punta_della_dogana.jpg/65px-Venezia-punta_della_dogana.jpg" decoding="async" width="65" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Venezia-punta_della_dogana.jpg/98px-Venezia-punta_della_dogana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Venezia-punta_della_dogana.jpg/130px-Venezia-punta_della_dogana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Venice</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#D1E5F2;;width:1%">自然遗产</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div> <ul><li><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:limegreen;background-color:transparent;;">908</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%A5%A5%E5%88%A9%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="埃奥利群岛">埃奥利群岛</a></li> <li><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:limegreen;background-color:transparent;;">1090</span><sup><small>A</small></sup>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E4%B9%94%E6%B2%BB%E5%B1%B1" title="圣乔治山">圣乔治山</a></li> <li><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:limegreen;background-color:transparent;;">1237</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E6%B4%9B%E7%B1%B3%E8%92%82%E5%B1%B1" title="多洛米蒂山">多洛米蒂山</a></li> <li><span class="skin-invert" style="font-family:sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:limegreen;background-color:transparent;;">1427</span>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E7%89%B9%E7%BA%B3%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1" title="埃特纳火山">埃特纳火山</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#D1E5F2;;font-size:85%;"><div>「A」與<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%A3%AB" title="瑞士">瑞士</a>共有；「B」與<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%BA%A7" title="聖座">聖座</a>共有；「C」與<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9" title="奥地利">奥地利</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B" title="捷克">捷克</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD" title="法国">法国</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD" title="德国">德国</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%97%B6" title="比利时">比利时</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD" title="英国">英国</a>共有；「D」與<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9" title="奥地利">奥地利</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD" title="法国">法国</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD" title="德国">德国</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E6%96%87%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="斯洛文尼亚">斯洛文尼亚</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%A3%AB" title="瑞士">瑞士</a>共有。<br /><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E9%81%97%E4%BA%A7" title="Portal:世界遗产">世界遺產主題首頁</a> | <a href="/wiki/WikiProject:%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E9%81%97%E4%BA%A7" title="WikiProject:世界遗产">世界遺產專題</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E9%81%97%E4%BA%A7" title="世界遗产">世界遗产</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E5%92%8C%E5%8C%97%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E9%81%97%E4%BA%A7%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="欧洲和北美地区世界遗产列表">欧洲和北美地区世界遗产</a> | <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:World_Heritage_Sites_in_Italy" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:World Heritage Sites in Italy">维基共享资源</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="威尼托_·_威尼斯廣域市" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%BB%A3%E5%9F%9F%E5%B8%82%E5%B8%82%E9%8E%AE" title="Template:威尼斯廣域市市鎮"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%BB%A3%E5%9F%9F%E5%B8%82%E5%B8%82%E9%8E%AE" title="Template talk:威尼斯廣域市市鎮"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%BB%A3%E5%9F%9F%E5%B8%82%E5%B8%82%E9%8E%AE" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:威尼斯廣域市市鎮"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="威尼托_·_威尼斯廣域市" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%89%98%E5%A4%A7%E5%8C%BA" title="威尼托大区">威尼托</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%BB%A3%E5%9F%9F%E5%B8%82" title="威尼斯廣域市">威尼斯廣域市</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E8%AF%BA%E5%86%85%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%89%98" title="安诺内威尼托">安诺内威尼托</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%8E%E5%B8%95%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E5%8D%A2%E7%9A%AE%E4%BA%9A" title="坎帕尼亚卢皮亚">坎帕尼亚卢皮亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%9D%8E%E6%B3%A2%E9%9A%86%E6%88%88" title="大坎波隆戈">大坎波隆戈</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%8E%E6%B3%A2%E8%AF%BA%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%89" title="坎波诺加拉">坎波诺加拉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%A5%A5%E8%8E%B1" title="卡奥莱">卡奥莱</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E7%93%A6%E5%88%A9%E8%AF%BA-%E7%89%B9%E9%9B%B7%E6%B3%A2%E5%B0%94%E8%92%82" title="卡瓦利诺-特雷波尔蒂">卡瓦利诺-特雷波尔蒂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E7%93%A6%E6%B3%BD%E9%9B%B7" title="卡瓦泽雷">卡瓦泽雷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%87%E8%B4%BE" title="切贾">切贾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%A5%A7%E8%B3%88" title="基奧賈">基奧賈</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A6%E6%89%98%E8%80%83%E9%A9%AC%E7%84%A6%E9%9B%B7" title="钦托考马焦雷">钦托考马焦雷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E7%BA%B3" title="科纳">科纳</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E7%A7%91%E8%BF%AA%E4%BA%9A-%E8%90%A8%E5%90%89%E5%A1%94%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A" title="康科迪亚-萨吉塔里亚">康科迪亚-萨吉塔里亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E6%B4%9B_(%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%B9%BF%E5%9F%9F%E5%B8%82)" title="多洛 (威尼斯广域市)">多洛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B%E8%8E%B1%E9%98%BF" title="埃拉克莱阿">埃拉克莱阿</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E8%80%B6%E7%B4%A2%E8%BE%BE%E5%B0%94%E8%92%82%E7%A7%91" title="菲耶索达尔蒂科">菲耶索达尔蒂科</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E4%BA%9A%E9%9F%A6%E6%B2%B3%E7%95%94%E7%A6%8F%E8%90%A8%E5%B0%94%E5%A1%94" title="皮亚韦河畔福萨尔塔">皮亚韦河畔福萨尔塔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E8%90%A8%E5%B0%94%E5%A1%94-%E8%BF%AA%E6%B3%A2%E6%89%98%E6%A0%BC%E9%B2%81%E9%98%BF%E7%BD%97" title="福萨尔塔-迪波托格鲁阿罗">福萨尔塔-迪波托格鲁阿罗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E7%B4%A2" title="福索">福索</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%B2%81%E9%98%BF%E7%BD%97" title="格鲁阿罗">格鲁阿罗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E7%B4%A2%E6%B4%9B" title="耶索洛">耶索洛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%94%E5%AD%94" title="马尔孔">马尔孔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%94%E6%B3%B0%E6%8B%89%E6%88%88" title="马尔泰拉戈">马尔泰拉戈</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%85%E5%A5%A5%E6%B4%9B" title="梅奥洛">梅奥洛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E6%8B%89_(%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%B9%BF%E5%9F%9F%E5%B8%82)" title="米拉 (威尼斯广域市)">米拉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E6%8B%89%E8%AF%BA" title="米拉诺">米拉诺</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E4%BA%9A%E9%9F%A6%E6%B2%B3%E7%95%94%E7%A9%86%E8%A5%BF%E8%8E%B1" title="皮亚韦河畔穆西莱">皮亚韦河畔穆西莱</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E9%98%BF%E8%8E%B1" title="诺阿莱">诺阿莱</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E4%BA%9A%E9%9F%A6%E6%B2%B3%E7%95%94%E8%AF%BA%E6%96%87%E5%A1%94" title="皮亚韦河畔诺文塔">皮亚韦河畔诺文塔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E4%BA%9A%E5%B0%BC%E5%8A%A0" title="皮亚尼加">皮亚尼加</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%B2%81%E9%98%BF%E7%BD%97%E6%B8%AF" title="格鲁阿罗港">格鲁阿罗港</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E6%8B%89%E9%A9%AC%E7%84%A6%E9%9B%B7" title="普拉马焦雷">普拉马焦雷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%B8%E5%B0%94%E6%89%98%E8%BE%BE%E5%B0%94%E8%92%82%E8%AF%BA" title="夸尔托达尔蒂诺">夸尔托达尔蒂诺</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E5%B0%94%E6%89%8E%E8%AF%BA" title="萨尔扎诺">萨尔扎诺</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E4%BA%9A%E9%9F%A6%E6%B2%B3%E7%95%94%E5%9C%A3%E5%A4%9A%E7%BA%B3" title="皮亚韦河畔圣多纳">皮亚韦河畔圣多纳</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E7%B1%B3%E5%87%AF%E8%8E%B1-%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%A1%94%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E9%97%A8%E6%89%98" title="圣米凯莱-阿尔塔利亚门托">圣米凯莱-阿尔塔利亚门托</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E6%96%AF%E8%92%82%E8%AF%BA-%E8%BF%AA%E5%88%A9%E6%96%87%E6%89%8E" title="圣斯蒂诺-迪利文扎">圣斯蒂诺-迪利文扎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E7%8E%9B%E4%B8%BD%E4%BA%9A-%E8%BF%AA%E8%90%A8%E6%8B%89" title="圣玛丽亚-迪萨拉">圣玛丽亚-迪萨拉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%E5%B0%94%E6%B3%BD" title="斯科尔泽">斯科尔泽</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E7%9A%AE%E5%86%85%E9%98%BF" title="斯皮内阿">斯皮内阿</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89_(%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9)" title="斯特拉 (意大利)">斯特拉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E5%BB%96%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%89%98" title="泰廖威尼托">泰廖威尼托</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E9%9B%B7-%E8%BF%AA%E8%8E%AB%E6%96%AF%E6%89%98" title="托雷-迪莫斯托">托雷-迪莫斯托</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">威尼斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E6%88%88%E8%AF%BA%E6%B2%83" title="维戈诺沃">维戈诺沃</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="威尼斯地標" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%9C%B0%E6%A8%99" title="Template:威尼斯地標"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%9C%B0%E6%A8%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:威尼斯地標（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%9C%B0%E6%A8%99" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:威尼斯地標"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="威尼斯地標" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">威尼斯</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E6%A8%99" title="地標">地標</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%86%9B%E6%A2%B0%E5%BA%93" title="威尼斯军械库">威尼斯军械库</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%98%86%E6%81%AF%E6%A9%8B" title="嘆息橋">嘆息橋</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E9%87%91%E5%AE%AB" title="黄金宫">黄金宫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%A9%E8%90%A8%E7%BD%97%E5%AE%AB" title="佩萨罗宫">佩萨罗宫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B7%E4%BD%90%E5%B0%BC%E7%A7%91%E5%AE%AB" title="雷佐尼科宫">雷佐尼科宫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%BF%90%E6%B2%B3_(%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF)" title="大运河 (威尼斯)">大运河</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%80%BB%E7%9D%A3%E5%AE%AB_(%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF)" title="总督宫 (威尼斯)">总督宫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%E6%95%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%A0%82" title="威尼斯救主堂">威尼斯救主堂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8C%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E6%89%98%E6%A9%8B" title="里阿爾托橋">里阿爾托橋</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%96%AC%E6%B2%BB%E9%A6%AC%E7%84%A6%E9%9B%B7%E8%81%96%E6%AE%BF" title="聖喬治馬焦雷聖殿">聖乔治馬焦雷聖殿</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E9%A6%AC%E7%88%BE%E8%B0%B7%E8%81%96%E6%AE%BF%E5%AE%97%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E5%BA%A7%E5%A0%82" title="聖馬爾谷聖殿宗主教座堂">聖馬爾谷聖殿宗主教座堂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E9%A9%AC%E5%8F%AF%E5%B9%BF%E5%9C%BA" title="圣马可广场">圣马可广场</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%BA%B7%E5%9C%A3%E6%AF%8D%E5%9C%A3%E6%AE%BF" title="安康圣母圣殿">安康圣母圣殿</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E6%96%B9%E6%B5%8E%E4%BC%9A%E8%8D%A3%E8%80%80%E5%9C%A3%E6%AF%8D%E5%9C%A3%E6%AE%BF" title="圣方济会荣耀圣母圣殿">圣方济会荣耀圣母圣殿</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E8%8B%A5%E6%9C%9B%E5%8F%8A%E4%BF%9D%E7%A6%84%E5%A4%A7%E6%AE%BF_(%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF)" title="圣若望及保禄大殿 (威尼斯)">圣若望及保禄大殿</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79005747">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="Help:规范控制">规范控制数据库</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641#identifiers" title="編輯維基數據鏈接"><img alt="編輯維基數據鏈接" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">国际</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1204473/">FAST</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/8456155769103127880005">VIAF</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJdrJByRtHVPkRH39fYByd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">各地</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11933474v">法国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11933474v">BnF data</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058518305706706">加泰罗尼亚</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4062501-1">德国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007554815805171">以色列</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79018142">美国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/75kmmr1r3zx6dkw">瑞典</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00629183">日本</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Benátky (Itálie)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge128745&CON_LNG=ENG">捷克</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">地理</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/a6e08cd9-a712-4152-8808-9485c75e1196">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/818739154">Pleiades</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/006646">瑞士历史词典</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10044301">NARA</a></span> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10046157">2</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027251411">IdRef</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rezension von <a href="/w/index.php?title=Irmgard_Fees&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irmgard Fees（页面不存在）">Irmgard Fees</a>. In: <i>Connections. A Journal for Historians and Area Specialists.</i> 13. April 2012 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.connections.clio-online.net/publicationreview/id/rezbuecher-16207">clio-online.net</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20190616142708/https://www.connections.clio-online.net/publicationreview/id/rezbuecher-16207">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）), sowie in: <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=H-Soz-Kult&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="H-Soz-Kult（页面不存在）">H-Soz-Kult</a></i> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hsozkult.de/publicationreview/id/rezbuecher-16207">hsozkult.de</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20190619210128/https://www.hsozkult.de/publicationreview/id/rezbuecher-16207">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）), abgerufen am 7. Dezember 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sehepunkte.de/2009/04/14620.html">Rezension</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20220517010128/http://www.sehepunkte.de/2009/04/14620.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） von <a href="/w/index.php?title=Achim_Landwehr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Achim Landwehr（页面不存在）">Achim Landwehr</a>. In: <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sehepunkte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sehepunkte（页面不存在）">sehepunkte</a>.</i> abgerufen am 7. Dezember 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esther_Knorr-Anders&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Esther Knorr-Anders（页面不存在）">Esther Knorr-Anders</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130702071738/https://www.zeit.de/1987/28/als-markus-nach-venedig-kam/komplettansicht">Der beispiellose Aufstieg einer Republik. Als Markus nach Venedig kam</a>. Mit Schläue und Sendungsbewußtsein zu Macht und Reichtum. <a href="/wiki/Die_Zeit" class="mw-redirect" title="Die Zeit">Die Zeit</a>. 1987-07-03. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zeit.de/1987/28/als-markus-nach-venedig-kam/komplettansicht">原始内容</a>存档于2013-07-02）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&rft.atitle=Der+beispiellose+Aufstieg+einer+Republik.+Als+Markus+nach+Venedig+kam&rft.au=Esther+Knorr-Anders&rft.date=1987-07-03&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Die+Zeit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zeit.de%2F1987%2F28%2Fals-markus-nach-venedig-kam%2Fkomplettansicht&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> Rezension zur Neuauflage 1987 （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20130702071738/https://www.zeit.de/1987/28/als-markus-nach-venedig-kam/komplettansicht">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130702071738/https://www.zeit.de/1987/28/als-markus-nach-venedig-kam/komplettansicht">存档副本</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-03-17</span>]</span>. 原始内容存档于2013-07-02.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF&rft.btitle=%E5%AD%98%E6%A1%A3%E5%89%AF%E6%9C%AC&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zeit.de%2F1987%2F28%2Fals-markus-nach-venedig-kam%2Fkomplettansicht&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" 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