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class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=zh-hans"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E7%BB%98%E7%94%BB" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E7%BB%98%E7%94%BB" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-元素" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#元素"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>元素</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-元素-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关元素子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-元素-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-亮度" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#亮度"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>亮度</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-亮度-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-色彩和色调" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#色彩和色调"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>色彩和色调</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-色彩和色调-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-非传统元素" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#非传统元素"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>非传统元素</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-非传统元素-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-节奏" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#节奏"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>节奏</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-节奏-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-歷史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#歷史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>歷史</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-歷史-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关歷史子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-歷史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-史前繪畫" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#史前繪畫"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>史前繪畫</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-史前繪畫-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-東西方傳統" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#東西方傳統"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>東西方傳統</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-東西方傳統-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-近代至今" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#近代至今"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>近代至今</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-近代至今-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-繪畫類型" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#繪畫類型"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>繪畫類型</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-繪畫類型-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关繪畫類型子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-繪畫類型-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-媒介分類" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#媒介分類"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>媒介分類</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-媒介分類-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-文化分類" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#文化分類"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>文化分類</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-文化分類-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-題材分類" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#題材分類"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>題材分類</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-題材分類-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-風格分類" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#風格分類"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>風格分類</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-風格分類-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-形式分類" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#形式分類"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>形式分類</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-形式分類-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-审美与理论" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#审美与理论"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>审美与理论</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-审美与理论-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-绘画风格" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#绘画风格"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>绘画风格</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-绘画风格-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-擴展閱讀" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#擴展閱讀"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>擴展閱讀</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-擴展閱讀-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考資料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考資料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>參考資料</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考資料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-延伸阅读" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#延伸阅读"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>延伸阅读</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-延伸阅读-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>外部連結</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">绘画</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。168种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-168" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">168种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skilderkuns" title="Skilderkuns – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Skilderkuns" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malerei" title="Malerei – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Malerei" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%B5%E1%8B%95%E1%88%8D" title="ስዕል – 阿姆哈拉语" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ስዕል" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="阿姆哈拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pintura" title="Pintura – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Pintura" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85_(%D9%81%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9)" title="رسم (فنون تشكيلية) – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رسم (فنون تشكيلية)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%85_(%D9%81%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A)" title="رسيم (فن تشكيلي) – 摩洛哥阿拉伯文" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="رسيم (فن تشكيلي)" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="摩洛哥阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85" title="رسم – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="رسم" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%A8" title="চিত্ৰাঙ্কন – 阿萨姆语" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="চিত্ৰাঙ্কন" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="阿萨姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pintura" title="Pintura – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Pintura" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingeropa" title="Lingeropa – 科塔瓦文" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Lingeropa" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="科塔瓦文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C9%99ssaml%C4%B1q" title="Rəssamlıq – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Rəssamlıq" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%82" title="رساملیق – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="رساملیق" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%BA%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D1%81%D3%99%D0%BD%D2%93%D3%99%D1%82" title="Һынлы сәнғәт – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Һынлы сәнғәт" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tap%C4%ABba" title="Tapība – 薩莫吉希亞文" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Tapība" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="薩莫吉希亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagpinta" title="Pagpinta – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Pagpinta" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%81" title="Жывапіс – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Жывапіс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%81" title="Жывапіс – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Жывапіс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Живопис – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Живопис" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%80%E1%80%AE%E1%82%8F" title="ပကီႏ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ပကီႏ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%A8" title="চিত্রাঙ্কন – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="চিত্রাঙ্কন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8D" title="རི་མོ། – 藏语" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="རི་མོ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="藏语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE" title="চিত্রকলা – 比什奴普萊利亞文" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="চিত্রকলা" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="比什奴普萊利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livouriezh" title="Livouriezh – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Livouriezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slikarstvo" title="Slikarstvo – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Slikarstvo" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B7%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Уран зураг – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Уран зураг" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pintura" title="Pintura – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pintura" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Ӏалам диллар – 车臣语" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Ӏалам диллар" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="车臣语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamintal" title="Pamintal – 宿务语" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Pamintal" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="宿务语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8E%D9%86%DB%95%DA%A9%DB%8E%D8%B4%DB%8C" title="وێنەکێشی – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="وێنەکێشی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pintura" title="Pintura – 科西嘉语" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Pintura" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="科西嘉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mal%C3%AD%C5%99stv%C3%AD" title="Malířství – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Malířství" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%C4%83%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D3%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Сăрлавӳнер – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Сăрлавӳнер" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paentio" title="Paentio – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Paentio" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maleri" title="Maleri – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Maleri" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malerei" title="Malerei – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Malerei" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asay%C4%B1%C5%9Fv%C4%B1ra%C5%9Fto%C4%9F" title="Asayışvıraştoğ – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Asayışvıraştoğ" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%96%CF%89%CE%B3%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE" title="Ζωγραφική – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ζωγραφική" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pit%C3%B9ra_(%C3%AArt)" title="Pitùra (êrt) – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Pitùra (êrt)" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Painting" title="Painting – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Painting" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentrarto" title="Pentrarto – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Pentrarto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pintura" title="Pintura – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pintura" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maalikunst" title="Maalikunst – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Maalikunst" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margolaritza" title="Margolaritza – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Margolaritza" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pintura" title="Pintura – 埃斯特雷馬杜拉文" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Pintura" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="埃斯特雷馬杜拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B4%DB%8C" title="نقاشی – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نقاشی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maalaustaide" title="Maalaustaide – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Maalaustaide" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Droini" title="Droini – 斐济语" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Droini" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="斐济语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peinture_(art)" title="Peinture (art) – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Peinture (art)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pintura" title="Pintura – 法蘭克-普羅旺斯文" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Pintura" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="法蘭克-普羅旺斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A5%C3%A5lerkunst" title="Måålerkunst – 北弗里西亚语" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Måålerkunst" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skilderkeunst" title="Skilderkeunst – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Skilderkeunst" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9int%C3%A9ireacht" title="Péintéireacht – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Péintéireacht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%95%AB%E7%95%AB" title="畫畫 – 赣语" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="畫畫" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="赣语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lapentir" title="Lapentir – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Lapentir" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pintura" title="Pintura – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pintura" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%91embosa%E2%80%99y" title="Ñembosa’y – 瓜拉尼语" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Ñembosa’y" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="瓜拉尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%9A%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%A4%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%B2%E0%AA%BE" title="ચિત્રકલા – 古吉拉特语" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ચિત્રકલા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="古吉拉特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guw mw-list-item"><a href="https://guw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Os%E1%BA%B9nsisa" title="Osẹnsisa – Gun" lang="guw" hreflang="guw" data-title="Osẹnsisa" data-language-autonym="Gungbe" data-language-local-name="Gun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gungbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peintal" title="Peintal – 马恩语" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Peintal" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="马恩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Painting" title="Painting – 豪萨语" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Painting" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="豪萨语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A8" title="ציור – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ציור" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="चित्रकला – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="चित्रकला" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chitrkalaa" title="Chitrkalaa – 斐濟印地文" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Chitrkalaa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="斐濟印地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slikarstvo" title="Slikarstvo – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Slikarstvo" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penti_(atizay)" title="Penti (atizay) – 海地克里奥尔语" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Penti (atizay)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="海地克里奥尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fest%C5%91m%C5%B1v%C3%A9szet" title="Festőművészet – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Festőművészet" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B9%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Գեղանկարչություն – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գեղանկարչություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B9%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%AB%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Գեղանկարչութիւն – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Գեղանկարչութիւն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pictura" title="Pictura – 国际语" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Pictura" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="国际语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seni_lukis" title="Seni lukis – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Seni lukis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinintaan" title="Pinintaan – 伊洛卡诺语" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pinintaan" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="伊洛卡诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pikto" title="Pikto – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Pikto" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1lverk" title="Málverk – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Málverk" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittura" title="Pittura – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pittura" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B5%B5%E7%94%BB" title="絵画 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="絵画" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pientin" title="Pientin – 牙買加克里奧爾英文" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Pientin" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="牙買加克里奧爾英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/cintylarcu" title="cintylarcu – 逻辑语" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="cintylarcu" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="逻辑语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lukisan" title="Lukisan – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Lukisan" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AC%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90" title="ფერწერა – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფერწერა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C9%94l%C9%A9m" title="Tɔlɩm – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Tɔlɩm" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Кескіндеме – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Кескіндеме" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9A%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%86" title="ಚಿತ್ರಕಲೆ – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಚಿತ್ರಕಲೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%9A%8C%ED%99%94" title="회화 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="회화" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%AEgar" title="Nîgar – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Nîgar" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liwans" title="Liwans – 康沃尔语" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Liwans" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="康沃尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Живопись – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Живопись" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pictura" title="Pictura – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Pictura" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molerei" title="Molerei – 卢森堡语" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Molerei" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="卢森堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depinta" title="Depinta – 新共同語言" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Depinta" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="新共同語言" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjilderkuns" title="Sjilderkuns – 林堡语" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Sjilderkuns" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitura" title="Pitura – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Pitura" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittura" title="Pittura – 倫巴底文" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Pittura" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="倫巴底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B3" title="ຈິຕະກຳ – 老挝语" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ຈິຕະກຳ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="老挝语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tapyba" title="Tapyba – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Tapyba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glezniec%C4%ABba" title="Glezniecība – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Glezniecība" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosodoko" title="Hosodoko – 马拉加斯语" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Hosodoko" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="马拉加斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%81%D3%B1%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Сылнысӱрет – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Сылнысӱрет" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Сликарство – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Сликарство" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B2" title="ചിത്രകല – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ചിത്രകല" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B7%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Уран зураг – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Уран зураг" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="चित्रकार – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="चित्रकार" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seni_lukis" title="Seni lukis – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Seni lukis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittura" title="Pittura – 马耳他语" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Pittura" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="马耳他语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pintura" title="Pintura – 米兰德斯语" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Pintura" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="米兰德斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AE" title="ပန်းချီ – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ပန်းချီ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Артома – 厄尔兹亚语" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Артома" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="厄尔兹亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittura" title="Pittura – 那不勒斯语" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Pittura" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="那不勒斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maleree" title="Maleree – 低地德语" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Maleree" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skeelderskeunst" title="Skeelderskeunst – 低萨克森语" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Skeelderskeunst" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="低萨克森语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="चित्रकला – 尼泊尔语" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="चित्रकला" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D_(%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A7%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE)" title="चित्तिरम् (सन् २००१या संकिपा) – 尼瓦尔语" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="चित्तिरम् (सन् २००१या संकिपा)" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="尼瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schilderkunst" title="Schilderkunst – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Schilderkunst" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A5larkunst" title="Målarkunst – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Målarkunst" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malerkunst" title="Malerkunst – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Malerkunst" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Na%CA%BCashch%CA%BC%C4%85%C4%85%CA%BC" title="Naʼashchʼąąʼ – 纳瓦霍语" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Naʼashchʼąąʼ" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="纳瓦霍语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pintura" title="Pintura – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Pintura" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80" title="ਚਿੱਤਰਕਾਰੀ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਚਿੱਤਰਕਾਰੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinture" title="Pinture – 庇卡底文" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Pinture" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="庇卡底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malarstwo" title="Malarstwo – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Malarstwo" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%B9%D9%86%DA%AF" title="پینٹنگ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پینٹنگ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%81%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A9%DA%9A%D9%86%D9%87" title="انځورکښنه – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="انځورکښنه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pintura" title="Pintura – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pintura" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pwn mw-list-item"><a href="https://pwn.wikipedia.org/wiki/zuga" title="zuga – Paiwan" lang="pwn" hreflang="pwn" data-title="zuga" data-language-autonym="Pinayuanan" data-language-local-name="Paiwan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pinayuanan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llimphiy" title="Llimphiy – 克丘亚语" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Llimphiy" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="克丘亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pictur%C4%83" title="Pictură – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Pictură" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Живопись – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Живопись" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Малярство – 盧森尼亞文" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Малярство" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="盧森尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="चित्रकला – 梵语" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="चित्रकला" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="梵语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittura" title="Pittura – 西西里语" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Pittura" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%BD%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A" title="چٽسالي – 信德语" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="چٽسالي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="信德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slikarstvo" title="Slikarstvo – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Slikarstvo" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A0%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB_%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="චිත්‍ර කලාව – 僧伽罗语" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="චිත්‍ර කලාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Painting" title="Painting – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Painting" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maliarstvo" title="Maliarstvo – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Maliarstvo" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slikarstvo" title="Slikarstvo – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Slikarstvo" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kupendha" title="Kupendha – 绍纳语" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Kupendha" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="绍纳语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piktura" title="Piktura – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Piktura" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Сликарство – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Сликарство" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moalerkunst" title="Moalerkunst – 沙特菲士蘭文" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Moalerkunst" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="沙特菲士蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lukisan" title="Lukisan – 巽他语" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Lukisan" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A5larkonst" title="Målarkonst – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Målarkonst" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uchoraji" title="Uchoraji – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Uchoraji" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%93%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88" title="ஓவியக் கலை – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஓவியக் கலை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%96%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%82" title="చిత్రలేఖనం – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="చిత్రలేఖనం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D2%9B%D2%9B%D0%BE%D1%88%D3%A3" title="Наққошӣ – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Наққошӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1" title="จิตรกรรม – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="จิตรกรรม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surat_sungaty" title="Surat sungaty – 土库曼语" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Surat sungaty" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="土库曼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinta" title="Pinta – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pinta" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C9%99ssam%C9%99ti" title="Rəssaməti – 塔里什文" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Rəssaməti" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="塔里什文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resim" title="Resim – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Resim" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Живопис – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Живопис" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B4%DB%8C" title="نقاشی – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نقاشی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rassomlik_san%CA%BCati" title="Rassomlik sanʼati – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Rassomlik sanʼati" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitura" title="Pitura – 威尼斯语" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Pitura" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="威尼斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voimujupirdand" title="Voimujupirdand – 维普森语" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Voimujupirdand" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="维普森语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%99i_h%E1%BB%8Da" title="Hội họa – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hội họa" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pondeure" title="Pondeure – 瓦隆语" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Pondeure" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="瓦隆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagpintura" title="Pagpintura – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Pagpintura" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuub" title="Cuub – 沃洛夫语" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Cuub" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="沃洛夫语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BB%98%E7%94%BB" title="绘画 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="绘画" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AD%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%90" title="ფერჭარუა – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ფერჭარუა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99" title="מאלעריי – 意第绪语" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="מאלעריי" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第绪语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80w%C3%B2r%C3%A1n_k%C3%ADk%C3%B9n" title="Àwòrán kíkùn – 约鲁巴语" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Àwòrán kíkùn" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="约鲁巴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veh_veh" title="Veh veh – 壮语" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Veh veh" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="壮语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schilderkunst" title="Schilderkunst – 西蘭文" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Schilderkunst" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="西蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B9%AA%E7%95%AB" title="繪畫 – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="繪畫" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="文言文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B2e-%C5%8De" title="Kòe-ōe – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kòe-ōe" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%95%AB%E7%95%AB" title="畫畫 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="畫畫" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11629#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%98%E7%94%BB&action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/%E7%BB%98%E7%94%BB" title="列出所有与本页相链的页面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链入页面</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E7%BB%98%E7%94%BB" rel="nofollow" title="页面链出所有页面的更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project:%E4%B8%8A%E4%BC%A0" title="上传图像或多媒体文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="全部特殊页面的列表[q]" accesskey="q"><span>特殊页面</span></a></li><li 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id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E7%BB%98%E7%94%BB&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Painting" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li 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data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">（重定向自<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%BB%E5%AE%B6&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="画家">画家</a>）</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><div role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portal plainlist tright" style="margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px"> <ul style="display:table;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0.1em;max-width:175px;background:var(--background-color-base,#f9f9f9);font-size:85%;line-height:110%;font-weight:bold"> <li style="display:table-row"><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crainquebille,_Putois,_Riquet_-_Illuminated_Initial_-_A.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="藝術" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Crainquebille%2C_Putois%2C_Riquet_-_Illuminated_Initial_-_A.png/25px-Crainquebille%2C_Putois%2C_Riquet_-_Illuminated_Initial_-_A.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Crainquebille%2C_Putois%2C_Riquet_-_Illuminated_Initial_-_A.png/38px-Crainquebille%2C_Putois%2C_Riquet_-_Illuminated_Initial_-_A.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Crainquebille%2C_Putois%2C_Riquet_-_Illuminated_Initial_-_A.png/50px-Crainquebille%2C_Putois%2C_Riquet_-_Illuminated_Initial_-_A.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></span><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E8%97%9D%E8%A1%93" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:藝術">藝術主题</a></span></li></ul></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mona_Lisa,_by_Leonardo_da_Vinci,_from_C2RMF_retouched.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Mona_Lisa%2C_by_Leonardo_da_Vinci%2C_from_C2RMF_retouched.jpg/220px-Mona_Lisa%2C_by_Leonardo_da_Vinci%2C_from_C2RMF_retouched.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="328" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Mona_Lisa%2C_by_Leonardo_da_Vinci%2C_from_C2RMF_retouched.jpg/330px-Mona_Lisa%2C_by_Leonardo_da_Vinci%2C_from_C2RMF_retouched.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Mona_Lisa%2C_by_Leonardo_da_Vinci%2C_from_C2RMF_retouched.jpg/440px-Mona_Lisa%2C_by_Leonardo_da_Vinci%2C_from_C2RMF_retouched.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7479" data-file-height="11146" /></a><figcaption>由<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9" title="意大利">意大利</a>畫家<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E5%A5%A7%E7%B4%8D%E5%A4%9A%C2%B7%E9%81%94%E6%96%87%E8%A5%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="李奧納多·達文西">李奧納多·達文西</a>繪畫的<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%A8%9C%E9%BA%97%E8%8E%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="蒙娜麗莎">蒙娜麗莎</a>，為<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C" title="西方世界">西方世界</a>最著名的藝術畫之一。</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fan_Kuan_-_Travelers_Among_Mountains_and_Streams_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Fan_Kuan_-_Travelers_Among_Mountains_and_Streams_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/180px-Fan_Kuan_-_Travelers_Among_Mountains_and_Streams_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="361" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Fan_Kuan_-_Travelers_Among_Mountains_and_Streams_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/270px-Fan_Kuan_-_Travelers_Among_Mountains_and_Streams_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Fan_Kuan_-_Travelers_Among_Mountains_and_Streams_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/360px-Fan_Kuan_-_Travelers_Among_Mountains_and_Streams_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2809" data-file-height="5633" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%AE%8B" title="北宋">北宋</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%8C%83%E5%AF%AC" title="范寬">范寬</a>所繪<a href="/wiki/%E8%B0%BF%E5%B1%B1%E8%A1%8C%E6%97%85%E5%9C%96" title="谿山行旅圖">谿山行旅圖</a>，其成就被譽為<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B" title="中國">中國</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E6%B0%B4%E7%95%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="山水畫">山水畫</a>裡最高的一座山。</figcaption></figure> <p><b>繪畫</b>在<a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF" title="技术">技术</a>層面上，是一個以<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A8%E9%9D%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="表面">表面</a>作為支撐面，並在其之上加上<a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%8F%E8%89%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="顏色">顏色</a>的動作。那些表面可以是<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%99%E5%BC%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="紙張">紙張</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%86%E5%B8%83" title="帆布">油畫布</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E6%9D%90" title="木材">木材</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%BB%E7%92%83" title="玻璃">玻璃</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%86%E5%99%A8" title="漆器">漆器</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%B7%E5%87%9D%E5%9C%9F" title="混凝土">混凝土</a>等，上色的工具可以是畫筆，也可以是刀、海綿，甚至是<a href="/wiki/%E5%99%B4%E6%A7%8D" title="噴槍">噴槍</a>、牙刷、手指等等。 </p><p>在<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%9D%E8%A1%93" class="mw-redirect" title="藝術">藝術</a>用語中，繪畫的意義包含了利用此藝術行為再加上<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%96%E5%BD%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="圖形">圖形</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A7%8B%E5%9C%96" title="構圖">構圖</a>及其他<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="美學">美學</a>方法去達到表現出繪圖者希望表達的概念及意思之目的。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="元素"><span id=".E5.85.83.E7.B4.A0"></span>元素</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%98%E7%94%BB&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：元素"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chen_Hongshou,_leaf_album_painting.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chen_Hongshou%2C_leaf_album_painting.jpg/220px-Chen_Hongshou%2C_leaf_album_painting.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="235" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chen_Hongshou%2C_leaf_album_painting.jpg/330px-Chen_Hongshou%2C_leaf_album_painting.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Chen_Hongshou%2C_leaf_album_painting.jpg/440px-Chen_Hongshou%2C_leaf_album_painting.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1820" data-file-height="1948" /></a><figcaption>中國<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%9C%9D" title="明朝">明朝</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B3%E6%B4%AA%E7%B6%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="陳洪綬">陳洪綬</a>繪製的《玉堂柱石圖》</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="亮度"><span id=".E4.BA.AE.E5.BA.A6"></span>亮度</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%98%E7%94%BB&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：亮度"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>亮度的意思就是色彩明暗的程度（深淺的程度）。比較淺就是明度高，比較深就是明度低，繪畫中的一個元素是亮度的感受及效果。空間中的每一個點都有不同的亮度，在繪畫中可以用黑色、白色及中間各種的灰色表示。在實務上，畫家可以用並列不同亮度的點來表達物體的形狀，相對的，若只用相同亮度的不同顏色，可能只能表示圖像的形狀而已。繪畫的基本手法會包括<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BE%E4%BD%95" class="mw-redirect" title="幾何">幾何</a>圖案、許多不同的觀點及組織（<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%8F%E8%A7%86%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="透视法">透視法</a>）及符號。例如畫家在看某一片特定的白牆時，因為陰影及周圍物體反射的影響，每一個點都會有不同的亮度，但在<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%8F%E6%8B%89%E5%9B%BE%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="柏拉图主义">理想</a>上，即使在一個全黑無光的房間中，白牆仍然是白色的。因為即使房間中沒有光，是黑暗的，物體依然存在，並沒有消失不見，所以可證明其理論是正確的。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="色彩和色调"><span id=".E8.89.B2.E5.BD.A9.E5.92.8C.E8.89.B2.E8.B0.83"></span>色彩和色调</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%98%E7%94%BB&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：色彩和色调"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>色彩和色调是繪畫的基礎，正如<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%82" class="mw-redirect" title="音樂">音樂</a>中的<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E9%AB%98" title="音高">音高</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%82%E5%A5%8F" title="节奏">节奏</a>一様。顏色是高度主觀的，但其帶來的心理效果是可以觀測的，只是其效果可能會隨文化不同而不同，例如在西方文化中，黑色表示死亡及哀悼，但在東方文化中則是用白色表示 <sup id="cite_ref-謝欣怡2011_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-謝欣怡2011-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。有些畫家、理論家、作家及科學家（包括<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E6%B2%83%E5%B0%94%E5%A4%AB%E5%86%88%C2%B7%E5%86%AF%C2%B7%E6%AD%8C%E5%BE%B7" title="约翰·沃尔夫冈·冯·歌德">歌德</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E8%A5%BF%E9%87%8C%C2%B7%E5%BA%B7%E4%B8%81%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="瓦西里·康丁斯基">瓦西里·康丁斯基</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E7%89%9B%E9%A1%BF" title="艾萨克·牛顿">牛顿</a>）都提出了他們的<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%B2%E5%BD%A9%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" class="mw-redirect" title="色彩理論">色彩理論</a>。而且其中的語言也只能表示一種抽象的顏色，例如<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%85" class="mw-redirect" title="紅">紅</a>這個字可以表示<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E8%A7%81%E5%85%89%E8%B0%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="可见光谱">可見光譜</a>中在純紅光附近一個範圍內的光。像在音樂上，不同的音樂家對於<a href="/wiki/C_(%E9%9F%B3%E5%90%8D)" title="C (音名)">中央C</a>或是<a href="/wiki/C%E2%99%AF_(%E9%9F%B3%E5%90%8D)" title="C♯ (音名)">C♯<sub>4</sub></a>有共同的定義，但不同的畫家對於顏色沒有一個公認的定義。對畫家而言，顏色不止是分為基本色或衍生色（如紅色、藍色、綠色、咖啡色等）而已。 </p><p>在繪畫時，畫家是用顏料上色，因此畫家的「藍色」可能是以下顏色中的一種：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%88%E5%A4%9C%E8%97%8D" title="午夜藍">午夜藍</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9B%E8%89%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="靛色">靛色</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%88%B7%E8%97%8D%E8%89%B2" title="鈷藍色">鈷藍色</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A4%E9%9D%92" title="群青">群青</a>等。顏色在心理上及符號上的含意不一定和繪畫上的手法有關。顏色可以增加一些潛在的、衍生的意義，因此對於一幅畫的感覺是非常主觀的。這部分可以用音樂來類比．音樂中的音高（例如中央C）類似繪畫中的光，陰影類似<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B7%E5%BC%B1%E6%B3%95" title="強弱法">強弱</a>，顏色則類似不同<a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%82%E5%99%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="樂器">樂器</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E8%89%B2" title="音色">音色</a>，雖然這些不一定可以形成旋律，但可以在音樂中加入一些不同的內容。 </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Georges_Seurat_066.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Georges_Seurat_066.jpg/220px-Georges_Seurat_066.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Georges_Seurat_066.jpg/330px-Georges_Seurat_066.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Georges_Seurat_066.jpg/440px-Georges_Seurat_066.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3875" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AC%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E7%A7%80%E6%8B%89" title="喬治·秀拉">喬治·秀拉</a> (1859–91)的《馬戲團雜耍》</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="非传统元素"><span id=".E9.9D.9E.E4.BC.A0.E7.BB.9F.E5.85.83.E7.B4.A0"></span>非传统元素</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%98%E7%94%BB&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：非传统元素"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>現代的畫家已經將繪畫加以延伸，例如由<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E4%BD%93%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="立体主义">立体主义</a>衍生的<a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%82%E6%8B%89%E7%90%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="珂拉琪">珂拉琪</a>，嚴格來說不算是繪畫。有些現代畫家會因為材料的<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8B%E7%90%86" class="mw-disambig" title="紋理">紋理</a>而整合不同的材料，例如<a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%82" class="mw-redirect" title="砂">砂</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4" title="水">水</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%BB%E8%8D%89" class="mw-redirect" title="稻草">稻草</a>或是<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E6%9D%90" title="木材">木材</a>等。像<a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A9%C2%B7%E6%9D%9C%E5%B8%83%E8%8F%B2" title="让·杜布菲">让·杜布菲</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E5%9F%BA%E5%BC%97" title="安塞尔姆·基弗">安塞尔姆·基弗</a>的作品就屬於這一類。也有越來越多的藝術家社群利用電腦及<a href="/wiki/Adobe_Photoshop" title="Adobe Photoshop">Adobe Photoshop</a>或<a href="/wiki/Corel_Painter" title="Corel Painter">Corel Painter</a>等軟體將顏色畫在數位的畫布上，若有需要也可以印在真正的畫布上。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="节奏"><span id=".E8.8A.82.E5.A5.8F"></span>节奏</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%98%E7%94%BB&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：节奏"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>繪畫中的节奏和音樂中的节奏一樣重要，若节奏定義為「結合到一個序列中的暫停」，則繪畫中也有其节奏。這樣的暫停可以讓想像力參與在其中，產生新的創作，型式、旋律及上色等。這些形式（或是任何種類資訊）的分佈在藝術工作上相當重要，會直接影響作品的審美價值。在審美價值上，感知的自由流動即視為是美。不但在藝術或是科學中，能量的自由流動會提昇其審美價值。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="歷史"><span id=".E6.AD.B7.E5.8F.B2"></span>歷史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%98%E7%94%BB&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：歷史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lascaux,_replica_05.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Lascaux%2C_replica_05.JPG/180px-Lascaux%2C_replica_05.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Lascaux%2C_replica_05.JPG/270px-Lascaux%2C_replica_05.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Lascaux%2C_replica_05.JPG/360px-Lascaux%2C_replica_05.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>法國<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91" class="mw-redirect" title="拉斯科">拉斯科</a>（Lascaux）描繪<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E7%89%9B" title="原牛">原牛</a>的石洞壁畫</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="史前繪畫"><span id=".E5.8F.B2.E5.89.8D.E7.B9.AA.E7.95.AB"></span>史前繪畫</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%98%E7%94%BB&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：史前繪畫"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>已知最古老的繪畫位於法國<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%96%E7%BB%B4%E5%B2%A9%E6%B4%9E" title="肖维岩洞">肖維岩洞</a>（Grotte Chauvet），部分<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E5%AD%B8%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="歷史學家">歷史學家</a>認為它可以追溯至32000年前<sup id="cite_ref-EPO_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EPO-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。那些畫經由<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B4%85%E8%B5%AD%E7%9F%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="紅赭石（页面不存在）">紅赭石</a>（<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="red ochre" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Red ochre"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Red_ochre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Red ochre（页面不存在）">red ochre</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_ochre" class="extiw" title="en:Red ochre"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Red ochre</span></a></span>）</span></span>）和黑色顏料作雕刻及繪畫，主題有<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="馬">馬</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%80%E7%89%9B" title="犀牛">犀牛</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%8D%85%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="獅子">獅子</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E7%89%9B" title="水牛">水牛</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%9B%E7%8D%81%E8%B1%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="猛獁象">猛獁象</a>或是打獵歸來的人類<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E6%B4%9E%E5%A3%81%E7%95%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="石洞壁畫">石洞壁畫</a>在世界各地均十分常見，例如法國、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99" title="西班牙">西班牙</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99" title="葡萄牙">葡萄牙</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="中国">中国</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="澳大利亞">澳大利亞</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="印度">印度</a>等。這些繪畫的發現對其存在目的引起了眾多不同的猜測，有些假設指出那些繪畫是當時的人認為繪畫可以捕捉動物的<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82" class="mw-redirect" title="靈魂">靈魂</a>，令他們狩獵更為順利；一些假設則認為那是<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%9B%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96" title="泛靈論">泛靈論</a>的一種現象，表達他們對<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6" title="自然">自然</a>的尊敬；亦有另一假設指人類與生俱來已有自我表達的需要，而那些繪畫正是其結果；此外亦有那是作為應用資訊的傳播的觀點<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="東西方傳統"><span id=".E6.9D.B1.E8.A5.BF.E6.96.B9.E5.82.B3.E7.B5.B1"></span>東西方傳統</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%98%E7%94%BB&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：東西方傳統"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>西方文化主要是以<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B9%E7%95%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="油畫">油畫</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%BD%A9%E7%95%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="水彩畫">水彩畫</a>為主，在形式及主題上都有豐富的傳統。東方主要是以<a href="/wiki/%E5%A2%A8" title="墨">墨</a>及礦物顏料的畫為主，在形式及主題上都有同様豐富的傳統。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="近代至今"><span id=".E8.BF.91.E4.BB.A3.E8.87.B3.E4.BB.8A"></span>近代至今</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%98%E7%94%BB&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：近代至今"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%9D%E5%BD%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="攝影">攝影</a>的發明對繪畫有很大的衝擊，第一張<a href="/wiki/%E7%85%A7%E7%89%87" class="mw-redirect" title="照片">照片</a>在1829年問世，在數十年後，攝影技術持續改進且廣為使用，因此繪畫原來用來記錄真實世界的功能也受到挑戰。19世紀末和20世紀初的一連串藝術活動，包括<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E8%B1%A1%E6%B4%BE" title="印象派">印象派</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E5%8D%B0%E8%B1%A1%E6%B4%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="後印象派">後印象派</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8E%E7%8D%B8%E6%B4%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="野獸派">野獸派</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A8%E7%8F%BE%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="表現主義">表現主義</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%AB%94%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="立體主義">立體主義</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%94%E9%81%94%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="達達主義">達達主義</a>，挑戰文藝復興時代對藝術的觀點。不過東方藝術及非洲藝術仍維持以往的風格，未受到攝影的影響。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E8%89%BA%E6%9C%AF" title="现代艺术">现代艺术</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%95%B6%E4%BB%A3%E8%97%9D%E8%A1%93" title="當代藝術">當代藝術</a>的觀點和傳統藝術的歷史價值及<a href="/wiki/%E6%A6%82%E5%BF%B5" title="概念">概念</a>有不少差異。因此在1960年曾有人說嚴謹的繪畫型式已死<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。不過這沒有阻止大多數的畫家繼續以繪畫作為其創作的部份或是全部。二十一世紀繪畫的活力及多變性蓋過了之前曾有人提出嚴謹藝術已死的宣告。在以<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="文化多元性" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Cultural pluralism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%A4%9A%E5%85%83%E6%80%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="文化多元性（页面不存在）">文化多元性</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_pluralism" class="extiw" title="en:Cultural pluralism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Cultural pluralism</span></a></span>）</span></span>為特點的時代，對於時代性的代表風格沒有共識。藝術家繼續以不同的風格及美學氣質進行創作，而其成就則留待市場的評價。 </p><p>在二十一世紀初，仍在繼續的繪畫派別有<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%95%E8%89%B2%E7%94%BB" title="单色画">單色畫</a>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="硬邊繪畫" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Hard-edge painting"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A1%AC%E9%82%8A%E7%B9%AA%E7%95%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="硬邊繪畫（页面不存在）">硬邊繪畫</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard-edge_painting" class="extiw" title="en:Hard-edge painting"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Hard-edge painting</span></a></span>）</span></span>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="幾何抽象主義" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Geometric abstraction"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%BE%E4%BD%95%E6%8A%BD%E8%B1%A1%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="幾何抽象主義（页面不存在）">幾何抽象主義</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometric_abstraction" class="extiw" title="en:Geometric abstraction"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Geometric abstraction</span></a></span>）</span></span>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%AA%E7%94%A8_(%E8%89%BA%E6%9C%AF)" title="挪用 (艺术)">挪用</a>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="超寫真主義" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Hyperrealism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B6%85%E5%AF%AB%E7%9C%9F%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="超寫真主義（页面不存在）">超寫真主義</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperrealism" class="extiw" title="en:Hyperrealism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Hyperrealism</span></a></span>）</span></span>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%85%A7%E7%9B%B8%E5%AF%AB%E5%AF%A6%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="照相寫實主義">照相寫實主義</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A8%E7%8F%BE%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="表現主義">表現主義</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%B5%E7%B0%A1%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="極簡主義">極簡主義</a>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="抒情抽象" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Lyrical Abstraction"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8A%92%E6%83%85%E6%8A%BD%E8%B1%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="抒情抽象（页面不存在）">抒情抽象</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyrical_Abstraction" class="extiw" title="en:Lyrical Abstraction"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Lyrical Abstraction</span></a></span>）</span></span>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E6%99%AE%E8%97%9D%E8%A1%93" class="mw-redirect" title="普普藝術">普普藝術</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E6%99%AE%E8%89%BA%E6%9C%AF" title="奥普艺术">奧普藝術</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%BD%E8%B1%A1%E8%A1%A8%E7%8F%BE%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="抽象表現主義">抽象表現主義</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%B2%E5%9F%9F%E7%BB%98%E7%94%BB" title="色域绘画">色域繪畫</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%A1%A8%E7%8F%BE%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="新表現主義">新表現主義</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%82%E6%8B%89%E7%90%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="珂拉琪">珂拉琪</a>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Intermedia" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Intermedia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intermedia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intermedia（页面不存在）">Intermedia</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intermedia" class="extiw" title="en:Intermedia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Intermedia</span></a></span>）</span></span>繪畫、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="集合藝術" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Assemblage (art)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%86%E5%90%88%E8%97%9D%E8%A1%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="集合藝術（页面不存在）">集合藝術</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assemblage_(art)" class="extiw" title="en:Assemblage (art)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Assemblage (art)</span></a></span>）</span></span>繪畫、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="電腦藝術" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Computer art"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E8%97%9D%E8%A1%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="電腦藝術（页面不存在）">電腦藝術</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_art" class="extiw" title="en:Computer art"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Computer art</span></a></span>）</span></span>繪畫、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E7%8F%BE%E4%BB%A3%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="後現代主義">後現代</a>繪畫、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E9%81%94%E9%81%94" class="mw-redirect" title="新達達">新達達</a>繪畫、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="立體畫布" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Shaped canvas"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AB%8B%E9%AB%94%E7%95%AB%E5%B8%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="立體畫布（页面不存在）">立體畫布</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaped_canvas" class="extiw" title="en:Shaped canvas"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Shaped canvas</span></a></span>）</span></span>繪畫、環境<a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%81%E7%95%AB" title="壁畫">壁畫</a>、傳統的<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="人物畫" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="figure painting"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E7%89%A9%E7%94%BB" title="人物画">人物畫</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/figure_painting" class="extiw" title="en:figure painting"><span lang="en" dir="auto">figure painting</span></a></span>）</span></span>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%A8%E6%99%AF%E7%95%AB" title="風景畫">風景畫</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%96%E5%83%8F%E7%95%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="肖像畫">肖像畫</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%BB%E7%92%83%E7%B9%AA%E7%95%AB%E5%8B%95%E7%95%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="玻璃繪畫動畫">玻璃繪畫動畫</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="繪畫類型"><span id=".E7.B9.AA.E7.95.AB.E9.A1.9E.E5.9E.8B"></span>繪畫類型</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%98%E7%94%BB&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：繪畫類型"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>繪畫可以根據很多不同方法分類，例如按媒介、題材、文化等。一個畫種不一定只屬一個類型，而可以同屬多個分類，例如白描畫既可以按文化，也可以按形式分類。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="媒介分類"><span id=".E5.AA.92.E4.BB.8B.E5.88.86.E9.A1.9E"></span>媒介分類</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%98%E7%94%BB&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：媒介分類"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%82%AD%E7%AD%86%E7%95%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="炭筆畫（页面不存在）">炭筆畫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B9%E7%95%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="油畫">油畫</a>：用<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%BE%E6%80%A7%E6%B2%B9" title="乾性油">乾性油</a>調配的顏料的繪畫，一般會將亞麻籽油煮沸後，再加入松脂等材料。油畫顏料乾後不變色，多種顏色調和不會變得骯髒，而且油畫顏料不透明，因此適合多層次的色彩，是西方繪畫史中的主體繪畫方式，在<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E8%97%9D%E5%BE%A9%E8%88%88" class="mw-redirect" title="文藝復興">文藝復興</a>時期取代了之前使用的<a href="/wiki/%E8%9B%8B%E5%BD%A9%E7%95%AB" title="蛋彩畫">蛋彩畫</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%B2%B9%E7%95%AB" title="中國油畫">油畫</a>在過去一百年左右在亞洲，尤其是<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%B2%B9%E7%95%AB" title="中國油畫">中國</a>，也得到了長足而豐富的發展。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%BD%A9%E7%95%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="水彩畫">水彩畫</a>：用透明顏料和水調的一種繪畫。水彩畫主要是在紙上繪製，也可以在<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%8E%E8%8D%89%E7%B4%99" class="mw-redirect" title="莎草紙">莎草紙</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E9%9D%A9" title="皮革">皮革</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%86%E5%B8%83" title="帆布">帆布</a>等表面繪製。在東方的水彩畫包括有以墨為原料的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%A2%A8%E7%95%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="水墨畫">水墨畫</a>等。水彩畫顏料是透明的，一層顏色覆蓋另一層可以產生特殊的效果，但但調和顏色過多或覆蓋過多會使色彩骯髒，不適宜製作大幅作品，適合製作風景等清新明快的小幅畫作。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%A2%A8%E7%95%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="水墨畫">水墨畫</a>：基本的水墨画仅用<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4" title="水">水</a>与黑<a href="/wiki/%E5%A2%A8" title="墨">墨</a>，只有黑与白之分，后来发展出有其他彩色的水墨画与<a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%B1%E9%B3%A5%E7%95%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="花鳥畫">花鸟画</a>，后者有时也称为彩墨画。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E7%B2%89%E7%94%BB" title="水粉画">水粉畫</a>：用不透明颜料和水调和所作的绘画。水粉又稱廣告彩。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%99%E7%83%AF%E7%94%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="丙烯画">丙烯畫</a>：用丙烯颜料所作的绘画。丙烯颜料可以用水稀释，但干后不再溶于水。丙烯顏料又稱塑膠彩。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%89%E5%BD%A9_(%E9%A2%9C%E6%96%99)" title="粉彩 (颜料)">粉彩畫</a>：粉彩是一種固態的顏料，一般為棒狀，是用粉末狀的顏料和粘合劑加工而成<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，粘合劑本身有中性的色澤，色彩飽和度較低，其顏色的效果較接近天然顏料的效果<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。因為粉彩畫的表面脆弱，一般上面會用玻璃或是<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="保護膠" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Fixative (drawing)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E8%86%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="保護膠（页面不存在）">保護膠</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fixative_(drawing)" class="extiw" title="en:Fixative (drawing)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Fixative (drawing)</span></a></span>）</span></span>進行保護。</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%A8%E9%A1%8F%E8%89%B2%E7%AD%86%E7%95%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="木顏色筆畫（页面不存在）">木顏色筆畫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E4%BD%8D%E8%89%BA%E6%9C%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="数位艺术">數位藝術</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%83%8F%E7%B4%A0%E7%95%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="像素畫">像素畫</a>：一种以“<a href="/wiki/%E5%83%8F%E7%B4%A0" title="像素">像素</a>”为基本单位来制作的电脑绘图表现形式。</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%88%E7%95%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="版畫">版畫</a>：用印刷方式製作的圖畫。根據版材的不同，可分為<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E7%89%88%E7%95%AB" class="mw-disambig" title="木版畫">木版畫</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%8A%85%E7%89%88%E7%95%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="銅版畫（页面不存在）">銅版畫</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B4%99%E7%89%88%E7%95%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="紙版畫（页面不存在）">紙版畫</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E7%89%88%E7%95%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="石版畫">石版畫</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B5%B2%E7%B6%B2%E7%89%88%E7%95%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="絲網版畫（页面不存在）">絲網版畫</a>等；版畫還依製版方法和印色技法分類，常見的有<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%85%90%E8%9D%95%E7%89%88%E7%95%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="腐蝕版畫（页面不存在）">腐蝕版畫</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%B9%E5%8D%B0%E6%9C%A8%E5%88%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="油印木刻（页面不存在）">油印木刻</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%AE%E6%B0%B4%E5%8D%B0%E6%9C%A8%E5%88%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="浮水印木刻（页面不存在）">浮水印木刻</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%91%E7%99%BD%E7%89%88%E7%95%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="黑白版畫（页面不存在）">黑白版畫</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%97%E8%89%B2%E7%89%88%E7%95%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="套色版畫（页面不存在）">套色版畫</a>等。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%9B%E7%94%BB" title="帛画">帛畫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%81%E7%95%AB" title="壁畫">壁畫</a>：在<a href="/wiki/%E5%A2%99%E5%A3%81" class="mw-redirect" title="墙壁">墙壁</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E8%8A%B1%E6%9D%BF" title="天花板">天花板</a>上的<a href="/wiki/%E7%B9%AA%E7%95%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="繪畫">绘画</a>。</li> <li>特別媒介： <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%BB%E7%94%B0%E7%94%BB" title="稻田画">稻田畫</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="文化分類"><span id=".E6.96.87.E5.8C.96.E5.88.86.E9.A1.9E"></span>文化分類</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%98%E7%94%BB&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：文化分類"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E7%95%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="中國畫">中國畫</a>：泛指<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="中华文化">中华文化</a>的传统绘画<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BA%E6%9C%AF" title="艺术">艺术</a>，是<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%B4%E6%A3%8B%E4%B9%A6%E7%94%BB" title="琴棋书画">琴棋书画</a>四艺之一。 <ul><li>按技法的細緻或粗放，可分為： <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%99%E6%84%8F%E7%94%BB" title="写意画">寫意畫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E7%AC%94%E7%94%BB" title="工笔画">工筆畫</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E6%8F%8F%E7%95%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="白描畫">白描畫</a>：纯以笔勾勒线条而不设色或渲染水墨来描绘景物或形象的一种中国绘画形式。</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%B2%B9%E7%95%AB" title="中國油畫">中國油畫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B%E7%95%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="西洋畫">西洋畫</a>：一般指<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E7%BE%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="欧美">欧美</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="西方国家">西方国家</a>的绘画<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9C%E5%93%81" title="作品">作品</a>，类型包括如<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B9%E7%94%BB" title="油画">油画</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%BD%A9%E7%94%BB" title="水彩画">水彩画</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%A0%E6%8F%8F" title="素描">素描</a>等。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E7%B9%AA%E7%95%AB" title="印度繪畫">印度繪畫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E7%95%AB" title="日本畫">日本畫</a>：日本的传统绘画艺术。 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%AE%E4%B8%96%E7%B9%AA" title="浮世繪">浮世繪</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="題材分類"><span id=".E9.A1.8C.E6.9D.90.E5.88.86.E9.A1.9E"></span>題材分類</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%98%E7%94%BB&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：題材分類"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%A8%E6%99%AF%E7%95%AB" title="風景畫">風景畫</a>：主要描绘自然<a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%8E%E6%99%AF" title="风景">风景</a>，例如山川江河等的画作。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%99%E7%89%A9%E7%94%BB" title="静物画">靜物畫</a>石膏像</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E7%89%A9%E7%94%BB" title="人物画">人物畫</a>人類 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%AB%94%E8%97%9D%E8%A1%93" class="mw-redirect" title="人體藝術">人體畫</a>（裸體畫）通常是畫女生為多</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%96%E5%83%8F%E7%95%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="肖像畫">肖像畫</a>（頭像畫）半身像</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%95%AB%E5%83%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="自畫像">自畫像</a>：作者以自己为对象所绘画的<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%96%E5%83%8F" title="肖像">肖像</a>作品。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%87%E9%A3%BE%E7%95%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="誇飾畫">誇飾畫</a>（讽刺画）：以夸张或扭曲的绘画手法，画出人物或事件，以达到<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BD%E9%BB%98" title="幽默">幽默</a>甚至<a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%B7%E5%88%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="諷刺">讽刺</a>的效果。</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="風格分類"><span id=".E9.A2.A8.E6.A0.BC.E5.88.86.E9.A1.9E"></span>風格分類</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%98%E7%94%BB&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：風格分類"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%99%E5%AE%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="写实">寫實</a>畫：就是畫的跟真的一樣就像相片</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%BD%E8%B1%A1%E8%97%9D%E8%A1%93" title="抽象藝術">抽象</a>畫：一般被理解为一种不描述自然世界的艺术，反而透过形状和颜色以主观方式来表达。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="形式分類"><span id=".E5.BD.A2.E5.BC.8F.E5.88.86.E9.A1.9E"></span>形式分類</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%98%E7%94%BB&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：形式分類"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%A0%E6%8F%8F" title="素描">素描</a>：使用绘图的工具使其表现在<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E7%B6%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="二維">二维</a>材质上的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%86%E8%A7%89%E8%89%BA%E6%9C%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="视觉艺术">视觉艺术</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%A0%E5%9E%8B%E8%89%BA%E6%9C%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="造型艺术">造型艺术</a>，它的目的是在二维的画纸上创造<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E7%BB%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="三维">三维</a>的立体形态。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%99%E7%94%9F" title="写生">寫生</a>就是去外面家裡外面把生態寫實記錄下來寫實記錄生態詳見簡忠威</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9F%E5%AF%AB" title="速寫">速寫</a>：快速绘画。大部分的速写都是快速的<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%A0%E6%8F%8F" title="素描">素描</a>，仅勾勒出轮廓，形体，而不加绘肌理，光影的细节。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%AB%E7%95%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="漫畫">漫畫</a>詳見日本已故漫畫家手塚治蟲世界第一人採取把單張畫面分格一個四條直線連成的方塊裡面有人物建築物靜物詳見日本漫畫</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8F%92%E7%95%AB" title="插畫">插畫</a>：就功能面陈述，插画是将<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="文字">文字</a>内容、<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%85%E4%BA%8B" title="故事">故事</a>或思想以视觉化的方式呈现。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="审美与理论"><span id=".E5.AE.A1.E7.BE.8E.E4.B8.8E.E7.90.86.E8.AE.BA"></span>审美与理论</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%98%E7%94%BB&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节：审美与理论"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84833064">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%98%E7%94%BB%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA" title="绘画理论">繪畫理論</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="美學">美學</a>是有關<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%9D%E8%A1%93" class="mw-redirect" title="藝術">藝術</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E" title="美">美</a>的研究，是<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9B%BC%E5%8A%AA%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E5%BA%B7%E5%BE%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="伊曼努爾·康德">康德</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%A5%A5%E5%B0%94%E6%A0%BC%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%8C%C2%B7%E9%BB%91%E6%A0%BC%E5%B0%94" title="格奥尔格·威廉·弗里德里希·黑格尔">黑格爾</a>等十八世紀及十九世紀的哲學家探討的主題之一。像<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%8F%E6%8B%89%E5%9C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="柏拉圖">柏拉圖</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%9A%E5%BE%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="亞里斯多德">亞里斯多德</a>等希臘哲學家也對藝術及繪畫有特別的探討。在柏拉圖的哲學系統中，畫家和雕刻家的地位不高，他認為繪畫無法描述<a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E7%90%86" title="真理">真理</a>，繪畫只是複製實際事物，其中除了<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E8%97%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="工藝">工藝</a>，沒有其他的成份在內，就像鞋匠及鑄鐵一様<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83946278">.mw-parser-output .template-facttext{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);color:inherit;margin:-.3em 0;padding:.3em 0}</style><sup class="noprint Template-Fact"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源"><span style="white-space: nowrap;" title="来源请求。">[來源請求]</span></a></sup>。不過在<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%94%E6%96%87%E8%A5%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="達文西">達文西</a>的時期，對繪畫的認知和柏拉圖的認知不同，當時認為「La Pittura è cosa mentale」（繪畫是心靈的事物）<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。康德區分<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E" title="美">美</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%B4%87%E9%AB%98" title="崇高">壯美</a>兩種概念，分析兩者的相同處及不同處<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。雖然他沒有提到繪畫，但像<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E7%8E%9B%E7%BD%97%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E9%80%8F%E7%BA%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="约瑟夫·玛罗德·威廉·透纳">约瑟夫·玛罗德·威廉·透纳</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E6%96%AF%E5%B8%95%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="卡斯帕·弗里德里希">卡斯帕·弗里德里希</a>等畫家將其概念延伸到繪畫上。 </p><p>黑格爾認為無法對美給予一個共通性的定義，在他的美學研究中認為繪畫、詩歌和音樂是三項「浪漫」的藝術，其中有<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%A6%E5%8F%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="符号">符号</a>化，高度智力的目的<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="绘画风格"><span id=".E7.BB.98.E7.94.BB.E9.A3.8E.E6.A0.BC"></span>绘画风格</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%98%E7%94%BB&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节：绘画风格"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>繪畫是一個捕捉、記錄及表現不同創意目的的形式，它及其參與者的數量同樣地為數眾多。繪畫的本質可以是<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E7%BE%8E%E5%AD%B8" title="自然主義美學">自然</a>及<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%B7%E5%83%8F%E6%B4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="具像派（页面不存在）">具像派</a>的（如<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%99%E7%89%A9%E7%94%BB" title="静物画">靜物畫</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%A8%E6%99%AF%E7%95%AB" title="風景畫">風景畫</a>）、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BD%B1%E5%83%8F%E7%B9%AA%E7%95%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="影像繪畫（页面不存在）">影像繪畫</a>（photographic painting）、<a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%BD%E8%B1%A1%E8%97%9D%E8%A1%93" title="抽象藝術">抽象畫</a>、有敘事性質的、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%A1%E5%BE%B5%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="象徵主義">象徵主義</a>、情感的或<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="政治">政治</a>性質的。歷史上有一大部分的繪畫被<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%88%E6%80%A7" title="靈性">靈性</a>主題及概念所主導，這些繪畫形式由<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B6%E5%99%A8" title="陶器">陶器</a>上的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E8%A9%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="神話">神話</a>角色到<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%B5%B2%E6%B1%80%E6%95%99%E5%A0%82" class="mw-redirect" title="西絲汀教堂">西絲汀教堂</a>的內壁及天花板上的<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93" title="聖經">聖經</a>故事場景都有，它們會透過人類身體本身去表達靈性的主題。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="擴展閱讀"><span id=".E6.93.B4.E5.B1.95.E9.96.B1.E8.AE.80"></span>擴展閱讀</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%98%E7%94%BB&action=edit&section=18" title="编辑章节：擴展閱讀"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E8%A1%93" title="美術">美術</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%98%E7%94%BB%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA" title="绘画理论">繪畫理論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%B2%B9%E7%95%AB" title="中國油畫">中國油畫</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考資料"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E8.B3.87.E6.96.99"></span>參考資料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%98%E7%94%BB&action=edit&section=19" title="编辑章节：參考資料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-謝欣怡2011-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-謝欣怡2011_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">謝欣怡. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=zMVf34YxdGsC&pg=PA103">色彩詞的文化審美性及其運用以新詩的閱讀與寫作教學為例</a>. 秀威出版. 1 February 2011: 103~106 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-07-23</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-986-221-692-7" title="Special:网络书源/978-986-221-692-7"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-986-221-692-7</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320141545/http://books.google.com/books?id=zMVf34YxdGsC&pg=PA103">存档</a>于2015-03-20）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BB%98%E7%94%BB&rft.au=%E8%AC%9D%E6%AC%A3%E6%80%A1&rft.btitle=%E8%89%B2%E5%BD%A9%E8%A9%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%AF%A9%E7%BE%8E%E6%80%A7%E5%8F%8A%E5%85%B6%E9%81%8B%E7%94%A8+%E4%BB%A5%E6%96%B0%E8%A9%A9%E7%9A%84%E9%96%B1%E8%AE%80%E8%88%87%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C%E6%95%99%E5%AD%B8%E7%82%BA%E4%BE%8B&rft.date=2011-02-01&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-986-221-692-7&rft.pages=103~106&rft.pub=%E7%A7%80%E5%A8%81%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzMVf34YxdGsC%26pg%3DPA103&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EPO-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EPO_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">鄭孝祺/紀曉萌. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.epochtimes.com/b5/14/6/28/n4188183.htm">擊潰進化論三萬年前的動畫讓人目瞪口呆</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E7%B4%80%E5%85%83%E6%99%82%E5%A0%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="大紀元時報">大紀元時報</a>. 2014-07-04 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-07-24</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714115511/http://www.epochtimes.com/b5/14/6/28/n4188183.htm">存档</a>于2014-07-14）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BB%98%E7%94%BB&rft.atitle=%E6%93%8A%E6%BD%B0%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96%E8%AB%96+%E4%B8%89%E8%90%AC%E5%B9%B4%E5%89%8D%E7%9A%84%E5%8B%95%E7%95%AB%E8%AE%93%E4%BA%BA%E7%9B%AE%E7%9E%AA%E5%8F%A3%E5%91%86&rft.au=%E9%84%AD%E5%AD%9D%E7%A5%BA%2F%E7%B4%80%E6%9B%89%E8%90%8C&rft.date=2014-07-04&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E5%A4%A7%E7%B4%80%E5%85%83%E6%99%82%E5%A0%B1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epochtimes.com%2Fb5%2F14%2F6%2F28%2Fn4188183.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bradshawfoundation.com/chauvet/">Chauvet Cave</a>. Bradshaw Foundation. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2008-08-30</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080915182758/http://www.bradshawfoundation.com/chauvet/">存档</a>于2008-09-15）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BB%98%E7%94%BB&rft.btitle=Chauvet+Cave&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Bradshaw+Foundation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bradshawfoundation.com%2Fchauvet%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Paul Johnson. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://artchive.com/artchive/C/cave.html">Cave Paintings</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2008-08-30</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080908103920/http://artchive.com/artchive/C/cave.html">存档</a>于2008-09-08）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BB%98%E7%94%BB&rft.au=Paul+Johnson&rft.btitle=Cave+Paintings&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fartchive.com%2Fartchive%2FC%2Fcave.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibtauris.com/Books/The%20arts/Art%20forms/Painting%20%20paintings/After%20Modernist%20Painting%20The%20History%20of%20a%20Contemporary%20Art.aspx">After Modernist Painting: The History of a Contemporary Practice</a> <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">互联网档案馆</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141027191442/http://www.ibtauris.com/Books/The%20arts/Art%20forms/Painting%20%20paintings/After%20Modernist%20Painting%20The%20History%20of%20a%20Contemporary%20Art.aspx">存檔</a>，存档日期2014-10-27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mayer, Ralph,<i>The Artist's Handbook of Materials and Techniques</i>, Third Edition, New York: Viking, 1970, p. 312.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mayer, Ralph. The Artist's Handbook of Materials and Techniques. Viking Adult; 5th revised and updated edition, 1991. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780670837014" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-670-83701-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rollason, C., & Mittapalli, R. (2002). <i>Modern criticism</i>. New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers and Distributors. p. 196. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9788126901876" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-81-269-0187-6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://faculty.ndhu.edu.tw/~shtang/classical/fruit/lecture/20051026.htm">康德對「壯美」的分析</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-07-25</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140727211814/http://faculty.ndhu.edu.tw/~shtang/classical/fruit/lecture/20051026.htm">存档</a>于2014-07-27）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BB%98%E7%94%BB&rft.btitle=%E5%BA%B7%E5%BE%B7%E5%B0%8D%E3%80%8C%E5%A3%AF%E7%BE%8E%E3%80%8D%E7%9A%84%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffaculty.ndhu.edu.tw%2F~shtang%2Fclassical%2Ffruit%2Flecture%2F20051026.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=5m5z_ca-qDkC&pg=PA276&lpg=PA276&dq=hegel+three+romantic+arts+painting+poetry+music&source=bl&ots=a2CrMVe65v&sig=3unWnE0hYbgHXDbsNfrb96fmZvk&hl=en&ei=1uY_S_ioFZO1lAf_se2UBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7&ved=0CCEQ6AEwBjgK#v=onepage&q=hegel%20three%20romantic%20arts%20painting%20poetry%20music&f=false">Craig, Edward. Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Genealogy to Iqbal, page 278. Routledge, 1998</a>. Books.google.com. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-03-13</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140422191017/http://books.google.com/books?id=5m5z_ca-qDkC&pg=PA276&lpg=PA276&dq=hegel+three+romantic+arts+painting+poetry+music&source=bl&ots=a2CrMVe65v&sig=3unWnE0hYbgHXDbsNfrb96fmZvk&hl=en&ei=1uY_S_ioFZO1lAf_se2UBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7&ved=0CCEQ6AEwBjgK#v=onepage&q=hegel%20three%20romantic%20arts%20painting%20poetry%20music&f=false">存档</a>于2014-04-22）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BB%98%E7%94%BB&rft.btitle=Craig%2C+Edward.+Routledge+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy%3A+Genealogy+to+Iqbal%2C+page+278.+Routledge%2C+1998&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Books.google.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5m5z_ca-qDkC%26pg%3DPA276%26lpg%3DPA276%26dq%3Dhegel%2Bthree%2Bromantic%2Barts%2Bpainting%2Bpoetry%2Bmusic%26source%3Dbl%26ots%3Da2CrMVe65v%26sig%3D3unWnE0hYbgHXDbsNfrb96fmZvk%26hl%3Den%26ei%3D1uY_S_ioFZO1lAf_se2UBw%26sa%3DX%26oi%3Dbook_result%26ct%3Dresult%26resnum%3D7%26ved%3D0CCEQ6AEwBjgK%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Dhegel%2520three%2520romantic%2520arts%2520painting%2520poetry%2520music%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Painting and music are the specially romantic arts. Lastly, as a union of painting and music comes poetry, where the sensuous element is more than ever subordinate to the spirit." <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hegel.net/en/eb1911.htm#331">Excerpted from Encyclopædia Britannica 1911</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20141024194801/http://www.hegel.net/en/eb1911.htm#331">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="延伸阅读"><span id=".E5.BB.B6.E4.BC.B8.E9.98.85.E8.AF.BB"></span>延伸阅读</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%98%E7%94%BB&action=edit&section=20" title="编辑章节：延伸阅读"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks" style="float: right;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11629" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q11629"><span class="nomobile">在维基数据</span>编<span class="nomobile">辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span> </p> <dl><dd><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="维基文库"><img alt="维基文库中的相关文本：" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/15px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/23px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/30px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> 《<a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%AC%BD%E5%AE%9A%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%8A%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8%E9%9B%86%E6%88%90/%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E5%BD%99%E7%B7%A8/%E8%97%9D%E8%A1%93%E5%85%B8/%E7%95%AB%E9%83%A8#绘画" class="extiw" title="s:欽定古今圖書集成/博物彙編/藝術典/畫部">欽定古今圖書集成·博物彙編·藝術典·畫部</a>》，出自<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%88%E6%A2%A6%E9%9B%B7" title="陈梦雷">陈梦雷</a>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%8A%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6%E9%9B%86%E6%88%90" title="古今图书集成">古今圖書集成</a>》</dd></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655521">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655520">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90" title="维基共享资源">维基共享资源</a>上的相关多媒体资源：<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Paintings" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Paintings"><span style="font-weight:bold;">绘画</span></a></div></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部連結"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.80.A3.E7.B5.90"></span>外部連結</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%98%E7%94%BB&action=edit&section=21" title="编辑章节：外部連結"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wikipaintings.org">WikiPaintings</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20140519180443/http://www.wikipaintings.org/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kessinger.net/searchresults-orderthebook.php?ISBN=1417948353">A Treatise on Painting by Leonardo da Vinci (Kessinger Publishing)</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%A4%B1%E6%95%88%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5" title="Wikipedia:失效链接"><span title="自2018年1月失效">永久失效連結</span></a>]</span></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leone_Battista_Alberti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leone Battista Alberti（页面不存在）">Alberti, Leone Battista</a>, De Pictura (On Painting), 1435. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.noteaccess.com/Texts/Alberti/">On Painting, in English</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20190216095004/http://www.noteaccess.com/Texts/Alberti/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061102203241/http://www.liberliber.it/biblioteca/a/alberti/de_pictura/html/depictur.htm">De Pictura, in Latin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Max_Doerner_(artist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Max Doerner (artist)（页面不存在）">Doerner, Max</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Materials-Artist-Their-Use-Painting/dp/015657716X">The Materials of the Artist and Their Use in Painting: With Notes on the Techniques of the Old Masters</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20120315191712/http://www.amazon.com/Materials-Artist-Their-Use-Painting/dp/015657716X">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://store.doverpublications.com/0486234118.html">Kandinsky – Concerning the Spiritual in Art (Dover Publications)</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20140724021136/http://store.doverpublications.com/0486234118.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090529060803/http://www.phaidon.com/Default.aspx/Web/the-journal-of-eugene-delacroix-9780714833590">The Journal of Eugene Delacroix (Phaidon Press)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fineartlib.info/">Masterpieces of painting</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://us.penguinclassics.com/nf/Book/BookDisplay/0,,9780140446746,00.html">The Letters of Vincent van Gogh (Penguin Classics)</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20080526011105/http://us.penguinclassics.com/nf/Book/BookDisplay/0,,9780140446746,00.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a 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scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A6%96%E8%A6%BA%E8%97%9D%E8%A1%93" title="視覺藝術">視覺藝術</a><br />（<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E6%9C%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="美术">美术</a>）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">绘画</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B9%E7%95%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="油畫">油畫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%BD%A9%E7%94%BB" title="水彩画">水彩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%A2%A8%E7%95%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="水墨畫">水墨畫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%89%E5%BD%A9_(%E9%A2%9C%E6%96%99)" title="粉彩 (颜料)">粉彩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%A0%E6%8F%8F" title="素描">素描</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%88%E7%94%BB" title="版画">版画</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8F%92%E7%95%AB" title="插畫">插畫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9F%E5%AF%AB" title="速寫">速寫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%AB%E7%94%BB" title="漫画">漫画</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%95%E5%A1%91" title="雕塑">雕塑</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E9%9B%95" title="石雕">石雕</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E9%9B%95" title="木雕">木雕</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%AE%E9%9B%95" title="浮雕">浮雕</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E9%9B%95" title="冰雕">冰雕</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E9%9B%95" title="沙雕">沙雕</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%B8%E9%9B%95" title="纸雕">紙雕</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BD%AF%E9%9B%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="软雕（页面不存在）">软雕</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC%E9%9B%95%E5%A1%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="金屬雕塑（页面不存在）">金屬雕塑</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A5%E5%A1%91" title="泥塑">泥塑</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E8%89%BA%E7%BE%8E%E6%9C%AF" title="工艺美术">工艺</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B6%E8%97%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="陶藝">陶藝</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%89%E5%99%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="玉器">玉器</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%86%E5%99%A8" title="漆器">漆器</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%BA%E7%B9%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="刺繡">刺繡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8F%92%E8%8A%B1" title="插花">插花</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%AA%E7%BA%B8" title="剪纸">剪纸</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%98%E7%BA%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="折纸">折纸</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%BB%93" class="mw-redirect" title="中国结">中国结</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%B1%E7%87%88" title="花燈">花燈</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其它</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91" class="mw-redirect" title="建筑">建筑</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%84%E5%BD%B1" title="摄影">摄影</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="设计">设计</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%B8%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="書法">書法</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E7%AF%86%E5%88%BB" title="篆刻">篆刻</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A3%9D%E7%BD%AE%E8%97%9D%E8%A1%93" title="裝置藝術">裝置</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%B2%E9%9F%B3%E8%97%9D%E8%A1%93" title="聲音藝術">聲音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E7%82%BA%E8%97%9D%E8%A1%93" class="mw-redirect" title="行為藝術">行為</a></li> <li>多媒體（<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%BD%B1" title="电影">电影</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A8%E7%94%BB" title="动画">动画</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="電子遊戲">遊戲</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A8%E6%BC%94%E8%89%BA%E6%9C%AF" title="表演艺术">表演艺术</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E4%B9%90" title="音乐">音乐</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%99%A8%E6%A8%82" title="器樂">器樂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%B2%E6%A8%82" title="聲樂">聲樂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%82" class="mw-redirect" title="古典音樂">古典音樂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E8%A1%8C%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%82" class="mw-redirect" title="流行音樂">流行音樂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E9%9F%B3%E4%B9%90" class="mw-redirect" title="民族音乐">民族音樂</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%9E%E8%B9%88" title="舞蹈">舞蹈</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%AD%E8%95%BE%E8%88%9E" title="芭蕾舞">芭蕾舞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E8%88%9E%E8%B9%88" title="民族舞蹈">民族舞蹈</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%BE%E4%BB%A3%E8%88%9E" title="現代舞">現代舞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%93%E4%BB%A3%E8%88%9E" title="当代舞">当代舞</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B2%E5%8A%87" title="戲劇">戲劇</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%82%E5%8A%87" title="音樂劇">音樂劇</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%8C%E5%8A%87" class="mw-redirect" title="歌劇">歌劇</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B2%E6%9B%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="戲曲">戲曲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%9D%E5%89%A7" title="话剧">话剧</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%9C%E5%89%A7%E5%B0%8F%E5%93%81" title="喜剧小品">小品</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%BD%B1" title="电影">电影</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96%E5%8A%87" class="mw-redirect" title="電視劇">電視劇</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BF%E6%92%AD%E5%89%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="广播剧">广播剧</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%82%E6%8A%80" class="mw-redirect" title="杂技">杂技</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%94%E6%9C%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="魔术">魔术</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B8%E5%A3%B0" title="相声">相声</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%84%E4%B9%A6" title="评书">评书</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A3%E6%8A%80" title="口技">口技</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="文学">文学</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%97" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="诗">诗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%A3%E6%96%87" title="散文">散文</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%AF%B4" title="小说">小说</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%A7%E6%9C%AC" title="剧本">剧本</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">生活方式</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%B9%E9%A5%AA" title="烹饪">烹饪</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E8%8C%B6%E8%97%9D" title="中國茶藝">茶艺</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%BF%E9%85%92" class="mw-redirect" title="調酒">调酒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B0%B4" title="香水">香水</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">歷史</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%BE%8E%E6%9C%AF%E5%8F%B2" title="中国美术史">中国美术史</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9%E7%BE%8E%E6%9C%AF%E5%8F%B2" title="西方美术史">西方美术史</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E5%8F%B2" title="建筑史">建筑史</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2" title="文学史">文学史</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%82%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="音樂歷史">音樂史</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%BD%B1%E5%8F%B2" title="电影史">电影史</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88%E5%8F%B2" title="設計史">設計史</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%9D%E8%A1%93%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2" title="藝術教育">藝術教育</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%AD%A6" title="美学">美学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BA%E6%9C%AF%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="艺术心理学">艺术心理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%9D%E8%A1%93%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E6%9B%B8" title="藝術百科全書">藝術百科全書</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%9D%E8%A1%93%E5%89%B5%E4%BD%9C%E7%A2%A9%E5%A3%AB" title="藝術創作碩士">藝術創作碩士</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%B5%E9%80%A0%E5%8A%9B" title="創造力">創造力</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>參看: <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/category:Art" class="extiw" title="commons:category:Art">Commons</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%8F%83%E8%A7%80%E4%BA%BA%E6%95%B8%E6%9C%80%E5%A4%9A%E7%9A%84%E7%BE%8E%E8%A1%93%E9%A4%A8%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="世界參觀人數最多的美術館列表">世界參觀人數最多的藝術博物館列表</a></li> <li><i><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Art" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Art">Wikibooks</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Art" class="extiw" title="wikinews:Special:Search/Art">Wikinews</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Art" class="extiw" title="wikiquote:Art">Wikiquote</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Category:Art" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Category:Art">Wikisource</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Art" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Art">Wiktionary</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="美学" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#FFDEAD; color:black;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%BE%8E%E5%AD%A6" title="Template:美学"><abbr title="查看该模板" style="color:black">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E7%BE%8E%E5%AD%A6" title="Template talk:美学"><abbr title="讨论该模板" style="color:black">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E7%BE%8E%E5%AD%A6" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:美学"><abbr title="编辑该模板" style="color:black">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="美学" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%AD%A6" title="美学">美学</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFDEAD; color:black;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%BE%8E%E5%AD%B8%E5%AE%B6" title="Category:美學家">學者</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abhinavagupta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abhinavagupta（页面不存在）">Abhinavagupta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%84%E5%A5%A7%E5%A4%9A%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%A4%9A%E8%AB%BE" title="狄奧多·阿多諾">狄奧多·阿多諾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E7%83%8F%E7%88%BE%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%A6%AE%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E7%88%BE%E5%A1%94%E8%96%A9" title="漢斯·烏爾斯·馮·巴爾塔薩">漢斯·烏爾斯·馮·巴爾塔薩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%C2%B7%E6%88%88%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A9%E5%B8%83%C2%B7%E9%B2%8D%E5%A7%86%E5%8A%A0%E7%99%BB" title="亚历山大·戈特利布·鲍姆加登">亚历山大·戈特利布·鲍姆加登</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clive_Bell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clive Bell（页面不存在）">Clive Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%AF%E7%B4%8D%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E9%AE%91%E6%A1%91%E8%91%B5" title="伯納德·鮑桑葵">伯納德·鮑桑葵</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_Bullough&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward Bullough（页面不存在）">Edward Bullough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E5%AE%BE%C2%B7%E4%B9%94%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E6%9F%AF%E6%9E%97%E6%AD%A6%E5%BE%B7" title="罗宾·乔治·柯林武德">罗宾·乔治·柯林武德</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Danto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arthur Danto（页面不存在）">Arthur Danto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E6%9D%9C%E5%A8%81" title="约翰·杜威">约翰·杜威</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hubert_Dreyfus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hubert Dreyfus（页面不存在）">Hubert Dreyfus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curt_John_Ducasse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Curt John Ducasse（页面不存在）">Curt John Ducasse</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thierry_de_Duve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thierry de Duve（页面不存在）">Thierry de Duve</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_Fry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roger Fry（页面不存在）">Roger Fry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%B3%E5%B0%94%E9%80%8A%C2%B7%E5%8F%A4%E5%BE%B7%E6%9B%BC" title="纳尔逊·古德曼">纳尔逊·古德曼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%A5%A5%E5%B0%94%E6%A0%BC%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%8C%C2%B7%E9%BB%91%E6%A0%BC%E5%B0%94" title="格奥尔格·威廉·弗里德里希·黑格尔">G.W.F.黑格尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E4%B8%81%C2%B7%E6%B5%B7%E5%BE%B7%E6%A0%BC%E5%B0%94" title="马丁·海德格尔">马丁·海德格尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%8D%AB%C2%B7%E4%BC%91%E8%B0%9F" title="大卫·休谟">大卫·休谟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9B%BC%E5%8A%AA%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%BA%B7%E5%BE%B7" title="伊曼努尔·康德">伊曼努尔·康德</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E7%BE%85%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E5%88%A9" title="保羅·克利">保羅·克利</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="蘇珊·朗格" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Susanne Langer"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%98%87%E7%8F%8A%C2%B7%E6%9C%97%E6%A0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="蘇珊·朗格（页面不存在）">蘇珊·朗格</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susanne_Langer" class="extiw" title="en:Susanne Langer"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Susanne Langer</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%A5%A5%E5%A4%9A%C2%B7%E5%88%A9%E6%99%AE%E6%96%AF" title="西奥多·利普斯">西奥多·利普斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%B0%94%E5%90%89%C2%B7%E5%8D%A2%E5%8D%A1%E5%A5%87" class="mw-redirect" title="捷尔吉·卢卡奇">捷尔吉·卢卡奇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A9-%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E7%B4%A2%E7%93%A6%C2%B7%E5%88%A9%E5%A5%A5%E5%A1%94" title="让-弗朗索瓦·利奥塔">让-弗朗索瓦·利奥塔</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Margolis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Margolis（页面不存在）">Joseph Margolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E9%87%8C%E9%A1%BF" title="雅克·马里顿">雅克·馬里頓</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Munro_(art_historian)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Munro (art historian)（页面不存在）">Thomas Munro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%8C%C2%B7%E5%B0%BC%E9%87%87" title="弗里德里希·尼采">弗里德里希·尼采</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%95%E5%A1%9E%C2%B7%E5%A5%A7%E7%89%B9%E5%98%89%C2%B7%E4%BC%8A%C2%B7%E5%8A%A0%E5%A1%9E%E7%89%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="何塞·奧特嘉·伊·加塞特">何塞·奧特嘉·伊·加塞特</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dewitt_H._Parker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dewitt H. Parker（页面不存在）">Dewitt H. Parker</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Pepper&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stephen Pepper（页面不存在）">Stephen Pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Prall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Prall（页面不存在）">David Prall</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Lansing_Raymond&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Lansing Raymond（页面不存在）">George Lansing Raymond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E6%81%B0%E6%85%88" title="瑞恰慈">I·A·瑞恰慈</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%94%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E6%A1%91%E5%A1%94%E4%BA%9A%E9%82%A3" title="乔治·桑塔亚那">乔治·桑塔亚那</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%8C%C2%B7%E5%B8%AD%E5%8B%92" title="弗里德里希·席勒">弗里德里希·席勒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E7%91%9F%C2%B7%E5%8F%94%E6%9C%AC%E5%8D%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="亚瑟·叔本华">亚瑟·叔本华</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="欧文·辛格" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Irving Singer"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AC%A7%E6%96%87%C2%B7%E8%BE%9B%E6%A0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="欧文·辛格（页面不存在）">欧文·辛格</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving_Singer" class="extiw" title="en:Irving Singer"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Irving Singer</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E5%AE%BE%E5%BE%B7%E6%8B%89%E7%BA%B3%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%B3%B0%E6%88%88%E5%B0%94" title="罗宾德拉纳特·泰戈尔">罗宾德拉纳特·泰戈尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%9F%8B%E8%8C%B2" title="莫里斯·韋茲">莫里斯·韋茲</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="理查德·沃雷姆" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Richard Wollheim"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%90%86%E6%9F%A5%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%B2%83%E9%9B%B7%E5%A7%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="理查德·沃雷姆（页面不存在）">理查德·沃雷姆</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Wollheim" class="extiw" title="en:Richard Wollheim"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Richard Wollheim</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFDEAD; color:black;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%BE%8E%E5%AD%A6%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA" title="Category:美学理论">理论</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="古典主義">古典主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9_(%E8%97%9D%E8%A1%93)" title="歷史主義 (藝術)">歷史主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%BE%E4%BB%A3%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="現代主義">現代主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8E%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="后现代主义">后现代主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="精神分析學">精神分析學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%AA%E6%BC%AB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="浪漫主义">浪漫主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%A1%E5%BE%81%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="象征主义">象征主义</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96%E7%BE%8E%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="進化美學（页面不存在）">進化美學</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFDEAD; color:black;;width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:%E7%BE%8E%E5%AD%A6%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E6%A6%82%E5%BF%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:美学中的概念（页面不存在）">概念</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%AA%E6%BC%AB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="浪漫主义">浪漫主义</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%AD%A6%E8%A7%A3%E8%AF%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="美学解读（页面不存在）">美学解读</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_manifesto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Art manifesto（页面不存在）">Art manifesto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E8%A1%9B" title="前衛">前衛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E" title="美">美</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%AD%E7%85%A9" title="厭煩">厭煩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%8E%E6%99%AE%E9%A3%8E" title="坎普风">坎普风</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%9C%E5%8A%87" title="喜劇">喜劇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%B5%E9%80%A0%E5%8A%9B" title="創造力">創造力</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E6%84%9B" title="可愛">可愛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%AD%E6%83%A1" title="厭惡">厭惡</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ecstasy_(philosophy)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ecstasy (philosophy)（页面不存在）">Ecstasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E9%9B%85" title="高雅">高雅</a></li> <li><a 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title="Quality (philosophy)（页面不存在）">Quality</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_aesthetics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indian aesthetics（页面不存在）">Rasa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reverence_(emotion)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reverence (emotion)（页面不存在）">Reverence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BA%E6%9C%AF%E9%A3%8E%E6%A0%BC" title="艺术风格">艺术风格</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B4%87%E9%AB%98" title="崇高">崇高</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%81%E5%91%B3" title="品味">品味</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9C%E5%93%81" title="作品">作品</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFDEAD; color:black;;width:1%">相關</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9F%B3%E4%B9%90%E7%BE%8E%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="音乐美学（页面不存在）">音乐美学</a></li> <li><a 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title="數學之美">數學之美</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6%E5%92%8C%E8%89%BA%E6%9C%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="数学和艺术（页面不存在）">数学和艺术</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neuroesthetics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neuroesthetics（页面不存在）">Neuroesthetics</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">绘画</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="设计哲学">设计哲学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%BD%B1%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="电影哲学">电影哲学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E4%B9%90%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="音乐哲学">音乐哲学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%97%E6%AD%8C" title="诗歌">诗歌</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%95%E5%A1%91" title="雕塑">雕塑</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%98%E7%94%BB%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA" title="绘画理论">绘画理论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%82%B2%E5%8A%87" title="悲劇">悲劇</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#FFDEAD; color:black;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%BE%8E%E5%AD%A6" title="Category:美学">分类:美学</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79005747">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11629#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" 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