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user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:M%E1%BB%9F_t%C3%A0i_kho%E1%BA%A3n&returnto=B%E1%BA%A3ng+c%E1%BB%ADu+ch%C6%B0%C6%A1ng" title="Bạn được khuyến khích mở tài khoản và đăng nhập; tuy nhiên, không bắt buộc phải có tài khoản" class=""><span>Tạo tài khoản</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:%C4%90%C4%83ng_nh%E1%BA%ADp&returnto=B%E1%BA%A3ng+c%E1%BB%ADu+ch%C6%B0%C6%A1ng" title="Đăng nhập sẽ có lợi hơn, tuy nhiên không bắt buộc. 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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Đăng nhập</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Trang dành cho người dùng chưa đăng nhập <a href="/wiki/Tr%E1%BB%A3_gi%C3%BAp:Gi%E1%BB%9Bi_thi%E1%BB%87u" aria-label="Tìm hiểu thêm về sửa đổi"><span>tìm hiểu thêm</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:%C4%90%C3%B3ng_g%C3%B3p_c%E1%BB%A7a_t%C3%B4i" title="Danh sách các sửa đổi được thực hiện qua địa chỉ IP này [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Đóng góp</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:Th%E1%BA%A3o_lu%E1%BA%ADn_t%C3%B4i" title="Thảo luận với địa chỉ IP này [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Thảo luận cho địa chỉ IP này</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Trang Web"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Nội dung" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Nội dung</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">chuyển sang thanh bên</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ẩn</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Đầu</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Nội_dung" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nội_dung"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Nội dung</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nội_dung-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Xem_thêm" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Xem_thêm"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Xem thêm</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Xem_thêm-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tham_khảo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tham_khảo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Tham khảo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tham_khảo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Nội dung" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Đóng mở mục lục" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Đóng mở mục lục</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bảng cửu chương</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Xem bài viết trong ngôn ngữ khác. Bài có sẵn trong 62 ngôn ngữ" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-62" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">62 ngôn ngữ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%A8" title="جدول الضرب – Tiếng Ả Rập" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جدول الضرب" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ả Rập" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabla_de_multiplicar" title="Tabla de multiplicar – Tiếng Asturias" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Tabla de multiplicar" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Asturias" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vurma_c%C9%99dv%C9%99li" title="Vurma cədvəli – Tiếng Azerbaijan" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Vurma cədvəli" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Azerbaijan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%A0%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%83_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Ҡабатлау таблицаһы – Tiếng Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ҡабатлау таблицаһы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Табліца множання – Tiếng Belarus" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Табліца множання" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Belarus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Табліца множаньня – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Табліца множаньня" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%A9%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%80%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%92%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%A1%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%84%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%85%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%82" title="བོད་རྩིས་ཀྱི་སྒྱུར་སྡོམ་གྱི་མན་ངག་ཅིག – Tiếng Tây Tạng" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="བོད་རྩིས་ཀྱི་སྒྱུར་སྡོམ་གྱི་མན་ངག་ཅིག" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Tây Tạng" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taula_de_multiplicar" title="Taula de multiplicar – Tiếng Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Taula de multiplicar" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Хутлав таблици – Tiếng Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Хутлав таблици" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A1sobilka" title="Násobilka – Tiếng Séc" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Násobilka" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Séc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tafura_yeKuwanza_Huwandu" title="Tafura yeKuwanza Huwandu – Tiếng Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Tafura yeKuwanza Huwandu" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einmaleins" title="Einmaleins – Tiếng Đức" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Einmaleins" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Đức" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%82_%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B1%CF%80%CE%BB%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%8D" title="Πίνακας πολλαπλασιασμού – Tiếng Hy Lạp" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πίνακας πολλαπλασιασμού" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Hy Lạp" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiplication_table" title="Multiplication table – Tiếng Anh" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Multiplication table" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Anh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabla_de_multiplicar" title="Tabla de multiplicar – Tiếng Tây Ban Nha" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tabla de multiplicar" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Tây Ban Nha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biderkatzeko_taula" title="Biderkatzeko taula – Tiếng Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Biderkatzeko taula" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%A8" title="جدول ضرب – Tiếng Ba Tư" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جدول ضرب" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ba Tư" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table_de_multiplication" title="Table de multiplication – Tiếng Pháp" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Table de multiplication" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Pháp" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A1boa_de_multiplicar" title="Táboa de multiplicar – Tiếng Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Táboa de multiplicar" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%98%E0%AA%A1%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%BE_(%E0%AA%AA%E0%AA%B9%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A1%E0%AA%BE)" title="ઘડિયા (પહાડા) – Tiếng Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ઘડિયા (પહાડા)" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B5%AC%EA%B5%AC%EB%8B%A8" title="구구단 – Tiếng Hàn" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="구구단" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Hàn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%AF%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%AF" title="Բազմապատկման աղյուսակ – Tiếng Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բազմապատկման աղյուսակ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BE" title="पहाड़ा – Tiếng Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पहाड़ा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tablica_mno%C5%BEenja" title="Tablica množenja – Tiếng Croatia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Tablica množenja" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Croatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multipliko-tabelo" title="Multipliko-tabelo – Tiếng Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Multipliko-tabelo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tavola_pitagorica" title="Tavola pitagorica – Tiếng Italy" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tavola pitagorica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Italy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%97_%D7%94%D7%9B%D7%A4%D7%9C" title="לוח הכפל – Tiếng Do Thái" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לוח הכפל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Do Thái" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%A3%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0_%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%95" title="ಗುಣಾಕಾರ ಕೋಷ್ಟಕ – Tiếng Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಗುಣಾಕಾರ ಕೋಷ್ಟಕ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mensa_Pythagorica" title="Mensa Pythagorica – Tiếng La-tinh" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Mensa Pythagorica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Tiếng La-tinh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daugybos_lentel%C4%97" title="Daugybos lentelė – Tiếng Litva" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Daugybos lentelė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Litva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%B5" title="Таблица множење – Tiếng Macedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Таблица множење" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Macedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95" title="പെരുക്കപ്പട്ടിക – Tiếng Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പെരുക്കപ്പട്ടിക" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D1%80%D0%B6%D2%AF%D2%AF%D0%BB%D1%8D%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%85%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Үржүүлэхийн хүрд – Tiếng Mông Cổ" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Үржүүлэхийн хүрд" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Mông Cổ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tafels_van_vermenigvuldiging" title="Tafels van vermenigvuldiging – Tiếng Hà Lan" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tafels van vermenigvuldiging" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Hà Lan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B9%9D%E4%B9%9D" title="九九 – Tiếng Nhật" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="九九" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Nhật" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiplikasjonstabell" title="Multiplikasjonstabell – Tiếng Na Uy (Bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Multiplikasjonstabell" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Na Uy (Bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiplikasjonstabell" title="Multiplikasjonstabell – Tiếng Na Uy (Nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Multiplikasjonstabell" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Na Uy (Nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%A3%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%86" title="ପଣିକିଆ – Tiếng Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ପଣିକିଆ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%CA%BBpaytirish_jadvali" title="Koʻpaytirish jadvali – Tiếng Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Koʻpaytirish jadvali" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%81%D8%A7%DA%91%D8%A7" title="پہاڑا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پہاڑا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabliczka_mno%C5%BCenia" title="Tabliczka mnożenia – Tiếng Ba Lan" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tabliczka mnożenia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ba Lan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabuada_de_multiplicar" title="Tabuada de multiplicar – Tiếng Bồ Đào Nha" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tabuada de multiplicar" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Bồ Đào Nha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabla_%C3%AEnmul%C8%9Birii" title="Tabla înmulțirii – Tiếng Romania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Tabla înmulțirii" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Romania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0_%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Таблица умножения – Tiếng Nga" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Таблица умножения" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Nga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A3%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AC" title="ᱫᱟᱣᱟᱬ – Tiếng Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱫᱟᱣᱟᱬ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabela_e_shum%C3%ABzimit" title="Tabela e shumëzimit – Tiếng Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Tabela e shumëzimit" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A0vula_pitagorica" title="Tàvula pitagorica – Tiếng Sicilia" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Tàvula pitagorica" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Sicilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%AB_%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%9A_%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80" title="ගුණ කිරීමේ වගුව – Tiếng Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ගුණ කිරීමේ වගුව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiplication_table" title="Multiplication table – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Multiplication table" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tablica_mno%C5%BEenja" title="Tablica množenja – Tiếng Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Tablica množenja" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tablica_mno%C5%BEenja" title="Tablica množenja – Tiếng Serbo-Croatia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Tablica množenja" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Serbo-Croatia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kertotaulu" title="Kertotaulu – Tiếng Phần Lan" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kertotaulu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Phần Lan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiplikationstabell" title="Multiplikationstabell – Tiếng Thụy Điển" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Multiplikationstabell" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Thụy Điển" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81" title="பெருக்கல் வாய்ப்பாடு – Tiếng Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பெருக்கல் வாய்ப்பாடு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%93" title="สูตรคูณ – Tiếng Thái" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สูตรคูณ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Thái" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B6%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Ҷадвали Пифагор – Tiếng Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҷадвали Пифагор" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87arp%C4%B1m_tablosu" title="Çarpım tablosu – Tiếng Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Çarpım tablosu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Таблиця множення – Tiếng Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Таблиця множення" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%81%D8%A7%DA%91%D8%A7" title="پہاڑا – Tiếng Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پہاڑا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B9%98%E6%B3%95%E8%A1%A8" title="乘法表 – Tiếng Ngô" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="乘法表" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Ngô" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B9%98%E6%95%B8%E8%A1%A8" title="乘數表 – Tiếng Quảng Đông" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="乘數表" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Quảng Đông" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B9%98%E6%B3%95%E8%A1%A8" title="乘法表 – Tiếng Trung" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="乘法表" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tiếng Trung" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q206049#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sửa liên kết giữa ngôn ngữ" class="wbc-editpage">Sửa liên kết</a></span></div> </div> </div> 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class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:S%C3%A1ch&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=B%E1%BA%A3ng+c%E1%BB%ADu+ch%C6%B0%C6%A1ng"><span>Tạo một quyển sách</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%90%E1%BA%B7c_bi%E1%BB%87t:DownloadAsPdf&page=B%E1%BA%A3ng_c%E1%BB%ADu_ch%C6%B0%C6%A1ng&action=show-download-screen"><span>Tải dưới dạng PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=B%E1%BA%A3ng_c%E1%BB%ADu_ch%C6%B0%C6%A1ng&printable=yes" title="Bản để in ra của trang [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Bản để in ra</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tại dự án khác </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link 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class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Giao diện</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">chuyển sang thanh bên</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ẩn</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Bách khoa toàn thư mở Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="vi" dir="ltr"><p><b>Bảng cửu chương</b>, là một bản ghi lại nội dung <a href="/wiki/Ph%C3%A9p_nh%C3%A2n" title="Phép nhân">phép nhân</a> của các số từ 1 đến n, với n thường là 9, 12 hoặc 20. Nó là một phần bắt buộc học thuộc của <a href="/wiki/H%E1%BB%8Dc_sinh" title="Học sinh">học sinh</a> tại nhiều nơi trên thế giới để có thể tính nhẩm nhanh các bài toán nhân đơn giản, cũng như có thể tính toán (không cần <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1y_t%C3%ADnh" title="Máy tính">máy tính</a> trợ giúp) các phép nhân phức tạp. </p><p>Ở một số nước, "bảng cửu chương" không dừng lại ở 9 mà nó gồm 12 hàng và cột. </p><p>Do thế giới dùng hệ đếm cơ số 10, nhiều nhà giáo dục cho rằng học sinh cần học thuộc bảng cửu chương đến mức 9 × 9.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nội_dung"><span id="N.E1.BB.99i_dung"></span>Nội dung</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=B%E1%BA%A3ng_c%E1%BB%ADu_ch%C6%B0%C6%A1ng&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sửa đổi phần “Nội dung”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sửa</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=B%E1%BA%A3ng_c%E1%BB%ADu_ch%C6%B0%C6%A1ng&action=edit&section=1" title="Sửa mã nguồn tại đề mục: Nội dung"><span>sửa mã nguồn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sau đây là bảng nhân các số từ 1 đến 12 được trình bày dưới dạng bảng <a href="/wiki/Pythagoras" title="Pythagoras">Pythagoras</a>. Để biết kết quả phép tính nhân hai số, cần tìm số ở giao điểm của hàng mang thừa số thứ nhất và cột mang thừa số thứ hai (hoặc cột của thừa số thứ nhất và hàng của thừa số thứ hai). </p><p><b>Ví dụ:</b> Phép tính 4 × 5: Tìm số ở giao điểm hàng 4, cột 5 (hoặc cột 4, hàng 5). Ta thấy số 20, vậy 4 × 5 = 20. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <th>× </th> <th scope="column">1</th> <th>2</th> <th>3</th> <th>4</th> <th>5</th> <th>6</th> <th>7</th> <th>8</th> <th>9</th> <th>10</th> <th>11</th> <th>12 </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1 </th> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td>3</td> <td>4</td> <td>5</td> <td>6</td> <td>7</td> <td>8</td> <td>9</td> <td>10</td> <td>11</td> <td>12 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2 </th> <td>2</td> <td>4</td> <td>6</td> <td>8</td> <td>10</td> <td>12</td> <td>14</td> <td>16</td> <td>18</td> <td>20</td> <td>22</td> <td>24 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">3 </th> <td>3</td> <td>6</td> <td>9</td> <td>12</td> <td>15</td> <td>18</td> <td>21</td> <td>24</td> <td>27</td> <td>30</td> <td>33</td> <td>36 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">4 </th> <td>4</td> <td>8</td> <td>12</td> <td>16</td> <td>20</td> <td>24</td> <td>28</td> <td>32</td> <td>36</td> <td>40</td> <td>44</td> <td>48 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">5 </th> <td>5</td> <td>10</td> <td>15</td> <td>20</td> <td>25</td> <td>30</td> <td>35</td> <td>40</td> <td>45</td> <td>50</td> <td>55</td> <td>60 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">6 </th> <td>6</td> <td>12</td> <td>18</td> <td>24</td> <td>30</td> <td>36</td> <td>42</td> <td>48</td> <td>54</td> <td>60</td> <td>66</td> <td>72 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">7 </th> <td>7</td> <td>14</td> <td>21</td> <td>28</td> <td>35</td> <td>42</td> <td>49</td> <td>56</td> <td>63</td> <td>70</td> <td>77</td> <td>84 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">8 </th> <td>8</td> <td>16</td> <td>24</td> <td>32</td> <td>40</td> <td>48</td> <td>56</td> <td>64</td> <td>72</td> <td>80</td> <td>88</td> <td>96 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">9 </th> <td>9</td> <td>18</td> <td>27</td> <td>36</td> <td>45</td> <td>54</td> <td>63</td> <td>72</td> <td>81</td> <td>90</td> <td>99</td> <td>108 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">10 </th> <td>10</td> <td>20</td> <td>30</td> <td>40</td> <td>50</td> <td>60</td> <td>70</td> <td>80</td> <td>90</td> <td>100</td> <td>110</td> <td>120 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">11 </th> <td>11</td> <td>22</td> <td>33</td> <td>44</td> <td>55</td> <td>66</td> <td>77</td> <td>88</td> <td>99</td> <td>110</td> <td>121</td> <td>132 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">12 </th> <td>12</td> <td>24</td> <td>36</td> <td>48</td> <td>60</td> <td>72</td> <td>84</td> <td>96</td> <td>108</td> <td>120</td> <td>132</td> <td>144 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Xem_thêm"><span id="Xem_th.C3.AAm"></span>Xem thêm</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=B%E1%BA%A3ng_c%E1%BB%ADu_ch%C6%B0%C6%A1ng&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sửa đổi phần “Xem thêm”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sửa</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=B%E1%BA%A3ng_c%E1%BB%ADu_ch%C6%B0%C6%A1ng&action=edit&section=2" title="Sửa mã nguồn tại đề mục: Xem thêm"><span>sửa mã nguồn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.math.sfu.ca/histmath/China/1stCenturyAD/NineChapIntro.html">Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060107140650/http://www.math.sfu.ca/histmath/China/1stCenturyAD/NineChapIntro.html">Lưu trữ</a> 2006-01-07 tại <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tham_khảo"><span id="Tham_kh.E1.BA.A3o"></span>Tham khảo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=B%E1%BA%A3ng_c%E1%BB%ADu_ch%C6%B0%C6%A1ng&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sửa đổi phần “Tham khảo”" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sửa</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=B%E1%BA%A3ng_c%E1%BB%ADu_ch%C6%B0%C6%A1ng&action=edit&section=3" 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.cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFTrivett1980" class="citation cs2">Trivett, John (1980), “The Multiplication Table: To Be Memorized or Mastered!”, <i>For the Learning of Mathematics</i>, <b>1</b> (1): 21–25, <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(%C4%91%E1%BB%8Bnh_danh)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (định danh)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/40247697">40247697</a></cite><span 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