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class="mw-page-title-main">Belimumab</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 17 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="بيليموماب – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بيليموماب" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="بلیموماب – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بلیموماب" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belimumab" title="Belimumab – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Belimumab" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belimumab" title="Belimumab – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Belimumab" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belimumab" title="Belimumab – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Belimumab" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belimumabo" title="Belimumabo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Belimumabo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="بلیموماب – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بلیموماب" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belimumab" title="Belimumab – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Belimumab" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belimumab" title="Belimumab – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Belimumab" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AC%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%B2%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%AC" title="ବେଲିମୁମାବ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ବେଲିମୁମାବ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belimumab" title="Belimumab – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Belimumab" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belimumab" title="Belimumab – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Belimumab" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B1" title="Белимумаб – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Белимумаб" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belimumab" title="Belimumab – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Belimumab" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belimumab" title="Belimumab – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Belimumab" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belimumab" title="Belimumab – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Belimumab" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Pharmaceutical drug</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="border-spacing:2px;"><caption class="infobox-title"><span title="International nonproprietary name (INN): Belimumab">Belimumab</span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image notheme" style="background-color: #f8f9fa;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Belimumab_5Y9K.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Belimumab_5Y9K.png/220px-Belimumab_5Y9K.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Belimumab_5Y9K.png/330px-Belimumab_5Y9K.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Belimumab_5Y9K.png/440px-Belimumab_5Y9K.png 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Fragment_antigen-binding" class="mw-redirect" title="Fragment antigen-binding">Fab fragment</a> of belimumab. <span class="plainlinks"><a href="/wiki/Protein_Data_Bank" title="Protein Data Bank">PDB</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/5Y9K">5Y9K</a></span>.</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd"><a href="/wiki/Monoclonal_antibody" title="Monoclonal antibody">Monoclonal antibody</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/File:Engineered_monoclonal_antibodies.svg" title="File:Engineered monoclonal antibodies.svg">Type</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Whole antibody</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Monoclonal_antibody#Production" title="Monoclonal antibody">Source</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Human" title="Human">Human</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Antigen" title="Antigen">Target</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/B-cell_activating_factor" title="B-cell activating factor">B-cell activating factor</a> (BAFF, BLyS)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">Clinical data</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Drug_nomenclature#Trade_names" title="Drug nomenclature">Trade names</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Benlysta</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data">LymphoStat-B</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Health-System_Pharmacists" title="American Society of Health-System Pharmacists">AHFS</a>/<a href="/wiki/Drugs.com" title="Drugs.com">Drugs.com</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="www.drugs.com"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drugs.com/monograph/belimumab.html">Monograph</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/MedlinePlus" title="MedlinePlus">MedlinePlus</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="medlineplus.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a611027.html">a611027</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Regulation_of_therapeutic_goods" title="Regulation of therapeutic goods">License data</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><small><abbr class="country-name" title="United States">US</abbr></small> <a href="/wiki/DailyMed" title="DailyMed">DailyMed</a>: <span title="dailymed.nlm.nih.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/search.cfm?labeltype=all&query=Belimumab">Belimumab</a></span></li></ul></div> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Pregnancy_category" title="Pregnancy category">Pregnancy<br />category</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><small><abbr class="country-name" title="Australia">AU</abbr>:</small> C<sup id="cite_ref-Drugs.com_pregnancy_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Drugs.com_pregnancy-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Route_of_administration" title="Route of administration">Routes of<br />administration</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Intravenous" class="mw-redirect" title="Intravenous">Intravenous</a>, <a href="/wiki/Subcutaneous_administration" title="Subcutaneous administration">subcutaneous</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Anatomical_Therapeutic_Chemical_Classification_System" title="Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System">ATC code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/ATC_code_L04" title="ATC code L04">L04AG04</a> (<span title="www.whocc.no"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=L04AG04">WHO</a></span>) </li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">Legal status</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Regulation_of_therapeutic_goods" title="Regulation of therapeutic goods">Legal status</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><small><abbr class="country-name" title="Australia">AU</abbr>:</small> <a href="/wiki/Standard_for_the_Uniform_Scheduling_of_Medicines_and_Poisons#Schedule_4" title="Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Medicines and Poisons">S4</a> (Prescription only)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><small><abbr class="country-name" title="Canada">CA</abbr></small>: <a href="/wiki/Prescription_drug" title="Prescription drug"> ℞-only</a> /<span class="nowrap"> </span>Schedule D<sup id="cite_ref-Benlysta_CA_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Benlysta_CA-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><small><abbr class="country-name" title="United States">US</abbr>:</small> <a href="/wiki/Prescription_drug" title="Prescription drug">℞-only</a><sup id="cite_ref-Benlysta_FDA_label_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Benlysta_FDA_label-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><small><abbr class="country-name" title="European Union">EU</abbr>:</small> Rx-only<sup id="cite_ref-Benlysta_EPAR_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Benlysta_EPAR-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/CAS_Registry_Number" title="CAS Registry Number">CAS Number</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="commonchemistry.cas.org"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=356547-88-1">356547-88-1</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="☒" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/7px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/11px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/14px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">N</span></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/DrugBank" title="DrugBank">DrugBank</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.drugbank.ca"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB08879">DB08879</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/ChemSpider" title="ChemSpider">ChemSpider</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>none</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Unique_Ingredient_Identifier" title="Unique Ingredient Identifier">UNII</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="precision.fda.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://precision.fda.gov/uniisearch/srs/unii/73B0K5S26A">73B0K5S26A</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/KEGG" title="KEGG">KEGG</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.kegg.jp"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kegg.jp/entry/D03068">D03068</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="☒" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/7px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/11px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/14px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">N</span></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/ChEMBL" title="ChEMBL">ChEMBL</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.ebi.ac.uk"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/explore/compound/ChEMBL1789843">ChEMBL1789843</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">Chemical and physical data</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Chemical_formula" title="Chemical formula">Formula</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Carbon">C</span><sub>6358</sub><span title="Hydrogen">H</span><sub>9904</sub><span title="Nitrogen">N</span><sub>1728</sub><span title="Oxygen">O</span><sub>2010</sub><span title="Sulfur">S</span><sub>44</sub></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Molar_mass" title="Molar mass">Molar mass</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7005144121900000000♠"></span>144<span style="margin-left:.25em;">121</span>.90</span> g·mol<sup>−1</sup></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"> <sup><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="☒" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/7px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/11px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/14px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">N</span><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Chemicals/Chembox_validation" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Chemicals/Chembox validation">(what is this?)</a></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">  <span class="reflink plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ComparePages&rev1=458612180&page2=Belimumab">(verify)</a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Belimumab</b>, sold under the brand name <b>Benlysta</b>, is a human <a href="/wiki/Monoclonal_antibody" title="Monoclonal antibody">monoclonal antibody</a> that inhibits <a href="/wiki/B-cell_activating_factor" title="B-cell activating factor">B-cell activating factor</a> (BAFF),<sup id="cite_ref-pmid16914324_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid16914324-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> also known as B-lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS).<sup id="cite_ref-NEJM2010_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NEJM2010-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is approved in the United States<sup id="cite_ref-Manno_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Manno-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Canada,<sup id="cite_ref-DrugBank_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DrugBank-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the European Union<sup id="cite_ref-Benlysta_EPAR_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Benlysta_EPAR-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to treat <a href="/wiki/Systemic_lupus_erythematosus" class="mw-redirect" title="Systemic lupus erythematosus">systemic lupus erythematosus</a> and lupus nephritis.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The most common side effects include bacterial infections, such as bronchitis (infection in the lungs) and infection of the urinary tract (structures that produce or carry urine), diarrhea and nausea (feeling sick).<sup id="cite_ref-Benlysta_EPAR_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Benlysta_EPAR-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Medical_uses">Medical uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belimumab&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Medical uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Belimumab is <a href="/wiki/Indicated" class="mw-redirect" title="Indicated">indicated</a> for the treatment of active systemic lupus erythematosus and active lupus nephritis.<sup id="cite_ref-Benlysta_FDA_label_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Benlysta_FDA_label-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Benlysta_EPAR_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Benlysta_EPAR-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Side_effects_and_interactions">Side effects and interactions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belimumab&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Side effects and interactions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Common adverse effects reported with belimumab include <a href="/wiki/Nausea" title="Nausea">nausea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diarrhea" title="Diarrhea">diarrhea</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fever" title="Fever">fever</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Hypersensitivity" title="Hypersensitivity">hypersensitivity</a> and <a href="/wiki/Injection_site_reaction" title="Injection site reaction">infusion-site reactions</a>, which were severe in 0.9% of patients. Regulatory agencies recommend that patients be treated with an <a href="/wiki/Antihistamine" title="Antihistamine">antihistamine</a> prior to a belimumab infusion.<sup id="cite_ref-EMA_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EMA-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Because belimumab is an <a href="/wiki/Immunosuppressive_drug" title="Immunosuppressive drug">immunosuppressant</a>, more serious infections and deaths were reported among patients treated with the drug than among those treated with <a href="/wiki/Placebo" title="Placebo">placebo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>No interaction studies have been carried out, but combining belimumab with other immunosuppressants—especially those targeting <a href="/wiki/B_lymphocyte" class="mw-redirect" title="B lymphocyte">B lymphocytes</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Anti-CD20" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-CD20">anti-CD20</a> therapies—could increase the risk of severe infections. Likewise, combining belimumab with intravenous <a href="/wiki/Cyclophosphamide" title="Cyclophosphamide">cyclophosphamide</a> or <a href="/wiki/Attenuated_vaccine" title="Attenuated vaccine">live vaccines</a> is not recommended.<sup id="cite_ref-Benlysta_FDA_label_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Benlysta_FDA_label-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EMA_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EMA-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mechanism_of_action">Mechanism of action</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belimumab&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Mechanism of action"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Belimumab_5Y9K_binding_BAFF_homotrimer.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Belimumab_5Y9K_binding_BAFF_homotrimer.png/220px-Belimumab_5Y9K_binding_BAFF_homotrimer.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Belimumab_5Y9K_binding_BAFF_homotrimer.png/330px-Belimumab_5Y9K_binding_BAFF_homotrimer.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Belimumab_5Y9K_binding_BAFF_homotrimer.png/440px-Belimumab_5Y9K_binding_BAFF_homotrimer.png 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Space-filling_model" title="Space-filling model">Space-filling model</a> illustrating three molecules of belimumab (tan/orange) binding a <a href="/wiki/Homotrimer" title="Homotrimer">homotrimer</a> of BAFF. <span class="plainlinks"><a href="/wiki/Protein_Data_Bank" title="Protein Data Bank">PDB</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/5Y9J">5Y9J</a></span>.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/B_cell" title="B cell">B lymphocytes</a> (B cells), which are part of the normal immune response, are also responsible for the over-aggressive response seen in <a href="/wiki/Autoimmune_disease" title="Autoimmune disease">autoimmune diseases</a> like systemic lupus erythematosus. B cells develop in the <a href="/wiki/Bone_marrow" title="Bone marrow">bone marrow</a> and continue to mature peripherally in secondary lymphoid organs and in the gut. When autoimmune B cells attack the body's own tissues, they are normally destroyed by cell suicide (<a href="/wiki/Apoptosis" title="Apoptosis">apoptosis</a>). Researchers theorize that systemic lupus erythematosus is caused when autoimmune B cells proliferate and survival factors protect them from cell suicide.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sources_(medicine)" title="Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources (medicine)"><span title="Material near this tag needs references to reliable medical sources. (February 2023)">medical citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>B-cell activating factor (BAFF), also called B-lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS), is required for the development and survival of B cells. In systemic lupus erythematosus patients, BAFF is overexpressed, which may cause autoimmune B cell proliferation and survival. Belimumab binds to BAFF and prevents it from binding to B cells. Without BAFF, B cells commit suicide and no longer contribute to the autoimmune damage of systemic lupus erythematosus.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sources_(medicine)" title="Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources (medicine)"><span title="Material near this tag needs references to reliable medical sources. (February 2023)">medical citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>BAFF is secreted by a variety of cells: <a href="/wiki/Monocyte" title="Monocyte">monocytes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Macrophage" title="Macrophage">macrophages</a>; <a href="/wiki/Bone_marrow" title="Bone marrow">bone marrow</a> <a href="/wiki/Stromal_cell" title="Stromal cell">stromal cells</a>; <a href="/wiki/Astrocyte" title="Astrocyte">astrocytes</a> in certain <a href="/wiki/Glioblastoma" title="Glioblastoma">glioblastomas</a>; <a href="/wiki/Fibroblast-like_synoviocyte" title="Fibroblast-like synoviocyte">synoviocytes</a> in rheumatoid arthritis; and salivary <a href="/wiki/Epithelium" title="Epithelium">epithelial cells</a> in Sjögren syndrome. It interacts with three <a href="/wiki/Membrane_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="Membrane receptor">membrane receptors</a> on B lymphocytes:<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sources_(medicine)" title="Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources (medicine)"><span title="Material near this tag needs references to reliable medical sources. (February 2023)">medical citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BAFF-R" class="mw-redirect" title="BAFF-R">BAFF-R</a> (BAFF receptor)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TNFRSF17" class="mw-redirect" title="TNFRSF17">BCMA</a> (B cell maturation antigen)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TACI" class="mw-redirect" title="TACI">TACI</a> (transmembrane activator and calcium modulator and cyclophylin ligand interactor)</li></ul> <p>When BAFF binds to BAFF-R and BCMA on B cells, levels of <a href="/wiki/Bcl-2" title="Bcl-2">Bcl-2</a>, a survival factor, are increased. When all three BAFF receptors are stimulated, levels of <a href="/wiki/NF_kappa_B" class="mw-redirect" title="NF kappa B">NF kappa B</a>, which contributes to <a href="/wiki/Cell_proliferation" title="Cell proliferation">cell proliferation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cellular_differentiation" title="Cellular differentiation">differentiation</a>, are increased in the <a href="/wiki/Cell_nucleus" title="Cell nucleus">nucleus</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sources_(medicine)" title="Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources (medicine)"><span title="Material near this tag needs references to reliable medical sources. (February 2023)">medical citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Another B-cell activator similar to BAFF is APRIL (<a href="/wiki/A_proliferation-inducing_ligand" class="mw-redirect" title="A proliferation-inducing ligand">A proliferation-inducing ligand</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but APRIL activates only BCMA and TACI, not BAFF-R.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sources_(medicine)" title="Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources (medicine)"><span title="Material near this tag needs references to reliable medical sources. (February 2023)">medical citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Belimumab reduces the number of circulating B cells, but anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies reduce the number even more. It is possible that belimumab binds primarily to circulating soluble BAFF and therefore does not induce the <a href="/wiki/Antibody-dependent_cellular_cytotoxicity" title="Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity">antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity</a> that could be expected from this <a href="/wiki/Immunoglobulin_G" title="Immunoglobulin G">IgG1</a>-type antibody.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (October 2021)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belimumab&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>B-cell activating factor is a naturally occurring <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">protein</a> that was discovered by researchers from <a href="/wiki/National_Jewish_Health" title="National Jewish Health">National Jewish Health</a> (previously the National Jewish Medical and Research Center) and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Colorado" title="University of Colorado">University of Colorado</a>, who jointly published a paper detailing their findings in May 1999 and named the protein <i>TALL-1</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid10331498_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid10331498-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The same protein was named <i>BAFF</i> in another paper published in June 1999, and in a paper published in July of that year, <a href="/wiki/Human_Genome_Sciences" title="Human Genome Sciences">Human Genome Sciences</a> (HGS) referred to it as <i>BLyS</i> (short for B lymphocyte stimulator).<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Six years later, research showing the key role of BLyS in B cell differentiation, survival, and activation was published.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 2000, HGS and <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Antibody_Technology" title="Cambridge Antibody Technology">Cambridge Antibody Technology</a> (CAT) agreed to co-develop <a href="/wiki/Monoclonal_antibody" title="Monoclonal antibody">monoclonal antibodies</a> targeted at BLyS. Under this agreement, CAT would identify antibodies and HGS would select appropriate ones to take into clinical trials.<sup id="cite_ref-cambridgeantibody.com_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cambridgeantibody.com-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2003, CAT researchers reported that, by using <a href="/wiki/Phage_display" title="Phage display">phage display</a> technology, they had elicited an array of more than 1,000 distinct antibodies, half of which inhibited binding of BLyS to its receptor.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid14596803_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid14596803-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later that year, one of these antibodies was isolated and characterized. It was named LymphoStat-B and subsequently called belimumab.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid14613291_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid14613291-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In August 2006, HGS and <a href="/wiki/GlaxoSmithKline" class="mw-redirect" title="GlaxoSmithKline">GlaxoSmithKline</a> (GSK) entered into a co-development and commercialization agreement under which HGS would conduct Phase III trials for belimumab with assistance from GSK. The companies would share equally in Phase III/IV development costs, sales and marketing expenses, and profits of any product commercialized under the agreement.<sup id="cite_ref-cambridgeantibody.com_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cambridgeantibody.com-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 13 February 2007, HGS and GSK announced the initiation of the first of two Phase III clinical trials of belimumab in patients with active lupus erythematosus.<sup id="cite_ref-hgsi_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hgsi-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Two Phase III clinical studies were conducted, involving a total of 1,684 patients with scores of ≥6 on the SELENA-SLEDAI assessment of lupus activity. The primary end point was a reduction of ≥4 on the SELENA-SLEDAI assessment, and several other factors, after 52 weeks. Belimumab significantly improved the response rate, reduced disease activity and severe flares, and was well tolerated. Among patients treated with belimumab (10mg/kg) in addition to standard therapy, 58% had SELENA-SLEDAI scores reduced by ≥4 points over 52 weeks, compared with 46% of patients treated with placebo.<sup id="cite_ref-Navarra_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Navarra-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Furie_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Furie-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, patients of African-American or African descent did not respond significantly to belimumab.<sup id="cite_ref-medpagetoday.com_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-medpagetoday.com-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>These trials did not include patients with the most severe forms of systemic lupus erythematosus, which involve active damage to the kidneys or central nervous system. Subjects with active kidney disease were included in Phase II trials.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Clinical trials found belimumab to be safe in treating systemic lupus erythematosus,<sup id="cite_ref-Navarra_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Navarra-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Furie_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Furie-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but the magnitude of benefit was small,<sup id="cite_ref-Manno_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Manno-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Phase III trials excluded the most severe cases of systemic lupus erythematosus, involving kidney and brain damage. Reviewers at the US <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a> (FDA) expressed concern that the drug was only "marginally" effective, and that there were more deaths in the treatment group. Defenders said that in addition to its modest efficiency, belimumab allowed patients to significantly reduce their use of <a href="/wiki/Corticosteroid" title="Corticosteroid">corticosteroids</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Belimumab was not effective in Phase II clinical trials for <a href="/wiki/Rheumatoid_arthritis" title="Rheumatoid arthritis">rheumatoid arthritis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was moderately effective in Phase II trials for <a href="/wiki/Sj%C3%B6gren_syndrome" title="Sjögren syndrome">Sjögren syndrome</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 2020, belimumab was approved by the FDA as a treatment for <a href="/wiki/Lupus_nephritis" title="Lupus nephritis">lupus nephritis</a> in combination with standard treatment.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Society_and_culture">Society and culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belimumab&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Society and culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legal_status">Legal status</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belimumab&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Legal status"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Under the brand name Benlysta, belimumab received FDA approval for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus in March 2011,<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> despite concerns among advisory committee members that the improvement of 4 points on the SELENA-SLEDA scale was marginal, and despite reservations about additional deaths in the treatment group.<sup id="cite_ref-medpagetoday.com_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-medpagetoday.com-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was subsequently approved in Canada and the European Union as well.<sup id="cite_ref-DrugBank_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DrugBank-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Benlysta_EPAR_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Benlysta_EPAR-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 2023, belimumab was given <a href="/wiki/Orphan_drug" title="Orphan drug">orphan drug</a> designation by the FDA for the potential treatment of <a href="/wiki/Systemic_sclerosis" class="mw-redirect" title="Systemic sclerosis">systemic sclerosis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economics">Economics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belimumab&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Economics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Belimumab is primarily used in people with <a href="/wiki/Systemic_lupus_erythematosus" class="mw-redirect" title="Systemic lupus erythematosus">systemic lupus erythematosus</a>. When it was introduced in 2011, it was the first new drug approved to treat lupus in 56 years.<sup id="cite_ref-Manno_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Manno-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sales rose to $31.2 million in the first quarter of 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The total cost for the first year of treatment with belimumab is $28,000.<sup id="cite_ref-NEJMHahn_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NEJMHahn-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Belimumab is much more expensive than other drugs used to treat lupus, including <a href="/wiki/Prednisone" title="Prednisone">prednisone</a> ($140 per year), <a href="/wiki/Hydroxychloroquine" title="Hydroxychloroquine">hydroxychloroquine</a> ($132), oral <a href="/wiki/Methotrexate" title="Methotrexate">methotrexate</a> ($432), <a href="/wiki/Azathioprine" title="Azathioprine">azathioprine</a> ($468), and <a href="/wiki/Mycophenolic_acid" title="Mycophenolic acid">mycophenolate mofetil</a> ($1,224).<sup id="cite_ref-NEJMHahn_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NEJMHahn-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the United Kingdom, the <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_for_Health_and_Care_Excellence" title="National Institute for Health and Care Excellence">National Institute for Health and Care Excellence</a> calculated the cost of belimumab at £61,200 per <a href="/wiki/Quality-adjusted_life_year" title="Quality-adjusted life year">quality-adjusted life year</a> (QALY). This is more than the normally accepted cost of £20,000 to £30,000 per QALY. The manufacturer offered the <a href="/wiki/National_Health_Service" title="National Health Service">UK National Health Service</a> a discount of a confidential amount, which still did not bring it into the acceptable range.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Research">Research</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belimumab&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Research"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Blisibimod" title="Blisibimod">Blisibimod</a>, an inhibitor of both soluble and membrane-bound BAFF, has demonstrated similar reductions of B cells in clinical trials and is being investigated in a Phase II clinical study for patients with lupus. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Cerium(III)_bromide" title="Cerium(III) bromide">BR3-Fc</a>, a recombinant fusion protein built with the extracellular ligand-binding portion of BAFF-R, blocks activation of this receptor by BLyS and is in early-stage pharmaceutical development.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Rituximab" title="Rituximab">Rituximab</a>, an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, has been approved for some indications. <a href="/wiki/Ocrelizumab" title="Ocrelizumab">Ocrelizumab</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ofatumumab" title="Ofatumumab">ofatumumab</a>, and "third-generation" anti-CD20 monoclonals are in development.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Other drugs addressing B lymphocyte hyperactivity include <a href="/wiki/Atacicept" title="Atacicept">atacicept</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Recombinant_fusion_protein" class="mw-redirect" title="Recombinant fusion protein">recombinant fusion protein</a> that is built with the extracellular ligand binding portion of TACI and blocks activation of TACI by APRIL and BLyS. It failed a Phase II trial for <a href="/wiki/Multiple_sclerosis" title="Multiple sclerosis">multiple sclerosis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belimumab&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Drugs.com_pregnancy-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Drugs.com_pregnancy_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/belimumab.html">"Belimumab (Benlysta) Use During Pregnancy"</a>. <i>Drugs.com</i>. 5 February 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201204112426/https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/belimumab.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Drugs.com&rft.atitle=Belimumab+%28Benlysta%29+Use+During+Pregnancy&rft.date=2020-02-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.drugs.com%2Fpregnancy%2Fbelimumab.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelimumab" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tga.gov.au/resources/prescription-medicines-registrations/benlysta-glaxosmithkline-australia-pty-ltd">"BENLYSTA (GlaxoSmithKline Australia Pty Ltd)"</a>. <i>Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA)</i>. 11 November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Benlysta+granted+Orphan+Drug+Designation+by+US+FDA+for+the+potential+treatment+of+systemic+sclerosis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gsk.com%2Fen-gb%2Fmedia%2Fpress-releases%2Fbenlysta-granted-orphan-drug-designation-by-us-fda-for-the-potential-treatment-of-systemic-sclerosis%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelimumab" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marketscreener.com/quote/stock/GSK-PLC-9590199/news/GSK-Says-Benlysta-Granted-Orphan-Drug-Designation-By-FDA-42862719/">"GSK Says Benlysta Granted Orphan Drug Designation By FDA"</a>. <i>MarketScreener</i>. February 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230209101524/https://www.marketscreener.com/quote/stock/GSK-PLC-9590199/news/GSK-Says-Benlysta-Granted-Orphan-Drug-Designation-By-FDA-42862719/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MarketScreener&rft.atitle=GSK+Says+Benlysta+Granted+Orphan+Drug+Designation+By+FDA&rft.date=2023-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.marketscreener.com%2Fquote%2Fstock%2FGSK-PLC-9590199%2Fnews%2FGSK-Says-Benlysta-Granted-Orphan-Drug-Designation-By-FDA-42862719%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelimumab" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://finance.yahoo.com/news/hgsi-cuts-loss-benlysta-sales-184526054.html">HGSI Cuts Loss on Benlysta Sales</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190407204253/https://finance.yahoo.com/news/hgsi-cuts-loss-benlysta-sales-184526054.html">Archived</a> 7 April 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, By Zacks Equity Research, 26 April 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NEJMHahn-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NEJMHahn_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NEJMHahn_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHahn2013" class="citation journal cs1">Hahn BH (April 2013). "Belimumab for systemic lupus erythematosus". <i>The New England Journal of Medicine</i>. <b>368</b> (16): 1528–1535. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1056%2FNEJMct1207259">10.1056/NEJMct1207259</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23594005">23594005</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+England+Journal+of+Medicine&rft.atitle=Belimumab+for+systemic+lupus+erythematosus&rft.volume=368&rft.issue=16&rft.pages=1528-1535&rft.date=2013-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1056%2FNEJMct1207259&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23594005&rft.aulast=Hahn&rft.aufirst=BH&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelimumab" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nice.org.uk/newsroom/pressreleases/SystemicLupusBelimumabFAD.jsp">NICE publishes draft guidance on belimumab for systemic lupus erythematosus</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120912161720/http://www.nice.org.uk/newsroom/pressreleases/SystemicLupusBelimumabFAD.jsp">Archived</a> 12 September 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, press release, 26 April 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVugmeysterSeshasayeeChangStorn2006" class="citation journal cs1">Vugmeyster Y, Seshasayee D, Chang W, Storn A, Howell K, Sa S, et al. (February 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1606502">"A soluble BAFF antagonist, BR3-Fc, decreases peripheral blood B cells and lymphoid tissue marginal zone and follicular B cells in cynomolgus monkeys"</a>. <i>The American Journal of Pathology</i>. <b>168</b> (2): 476–489. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2353%2Fajpath.2006.050600">10.2353/ajpath.2006.050600</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1606502">1606502</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16436662">16436662</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Journal+of+Pathology&rft.atitle=A+soluble+BAFF+antagonist%2C+BR3-Fc%2C+decreases+peripheral+blood+B+cells+and+lymphoid+tissue+marginal+zone+and+follicular+B+cells+in+cynomolgus+monkeys&rft.volume=168&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=476-489&rft.date=2006-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1606502%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16436662&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2353%2Fajpath.2006.050600&rft.aulast=Vugmeyster&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.au=Seshasayee%2C+D&rft.au=Chang%2C+W&rft.au=Storn%2C+A&rft.au=Howell%2C+K&rft.au=Sa%2C+S&rft.au=Nelson%2C+T&rft.au=Martin%2C+F&rft.au=Grewal%2C+I&rft.au=Gilkerson%2C+E&rft.au=Wu%2C+B&rft.au=Thompson%2C+J&rft.au=Ehrenfels%2C+BN&rft.au=Ren%2C+S&rft.au=Song%2C+A&rft.au=Gelzleichter%2C+TR&rft.au=Danilenko%2C+DM&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1606502&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelimumab" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Clinical trial number <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00642902">NCT00642902</a></i> for "Atacicept in Multiple Sclerosis, Phase II" at <a href="/wiki/ClinicalTrials.gov" title="ClinicalTrials.gov">ClinicalTrials.gov</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKapposHartungFreedmanBoyko2014" class="citation journal cs1">Kappos L, Hartung HP, Freedman MS, Boyko A, Radü EW, Mikol DD, et al. (ATAMS Study Group) (April 2014). "Atacicept in multiple sclerosis (ATAMS): a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, phase 2 trial". <i>The Lancet. Neurology</i>. <b>13</b> (4): 353–363. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS1474-4422%2814%2970028-6">10.1016/S1474-4422(14)70028-6</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24613349">24613349</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:38926361">38926361</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Lancet.+Neurology&rft.atitle=Atacicept+in+multiple+sclerosis+%28ATAMS%29%3A+a+randomised%2C+placebo-controlled%2C+double-blind%2C+phase+2+trial&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=353-363&rft.date=2014-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A38926361%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24613349&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS1474-4422%2814%2970028-6&rft.aulast=Kappos&rft.aufirst=L&rft.au=Hartung%2C+HP&rft.au=Freedman%2C+MS&rft.au=Boyko%2C+A&rft.au=Rad%C3%BC%2C+EW&rft.au=Mikol%2C+DD&rft.au=Lamarine%2C+M&rft.au=Hyvert%2C+Y&rft.au=Freudensprung%2C+U&rft.au=Plitz%2C+T&rft.au=van+Beek%2C+J&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABelimumab" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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style="width:1%">Intracellular<br />(initiation)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Antimetabolite" title="Antimetabolite">Antimetabolites</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Purine_synthesis_inhibitor" class="mw-redirect" title="Purine synthesis inhibitor">purine synthesis inhibitors</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azathioprine" title="Azathioprine">Azathioprine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mycophenolic_acid" title="Mycophenolic acid">Mycophenolic acid</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dihydroorotate_dehydrogenase" title="Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase">dihydroorotate dehydrogenase</a></i> inhibitors <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leflunomide" title="Leflunomide">Leflunomide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teriflunomide" title="Teriflunomide">Teriflunomide</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Antifolate" title="Antifolate">antifolate</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Methotrexate" title="Methotrexate">Methotrexate</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Macrolide" title="Macrolide">Macrolides</a>/<br />other <a href="/wiki/Interleukin_2" title="Interleukin 2">IL-2</a> inhibitors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/FKBP" title="FKBP">FKBP</a>/<a href="/wiki/Cyclophilin" title="Cyclophilin">Cyclophilin</a>/<a href="/wiki/Calcineurin" title="Calcineurin">Calcineurin</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ciclosporin" title="Ciclosporin">Ciclosporin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pimecrolimus" title="Pimecrolimus">Pimecrolimus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tacrolimus" title="Tacrolimus">Tacrolimus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voclosporin" title="Voclosporin">Voclosporin</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abetimus" title="Abetimus">Abetimus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gusperimus" title="Gusperimus">Gusperimus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Immunomodulatory_imide_drug" class="mw-redirect" title="Immunomodulatory imide drug">IMiDs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lenalidomide" title="Lenalidomide">Lenalidomide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomalidomide" title="Pomalidomide">Pomalidomide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thalidomide" title="Thalidomide">Thalidomide</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/PDE4_inhibitor" title="PDE4 inhibitor">PDE4 inhibitor</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apremilast" title="Apremilast">Apremilast</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Intracellular<br />(reception)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_1_receptor_antagonist" class="mw-redirect" title="Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist">IL-1 receptor antagonists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anakinra" title="Anakinra">Anakinra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/MTOR" title="MTOR">mTOR</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Everolimus" title="Everolimus">Everolimus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ridaforolimus" title="Ridaforolimus">Ridaforolimus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirolimus" title="Sirolimus">Sirolimus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temsirolimus" title="Temsirolimus">Temsirolimus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umirolimus" title="Umirolimus">Umirolimus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zotarolimus" title="Zotarolimus">Zotarolimus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Extracellular</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Antibody" title="Antibody">Antibodies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Monoclonal_antibody" title="Monoclonal antibody">Monoclonal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Serum target<br />(noncellular)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Complement_component_5" title="Complement component 5">Complement component 5</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eculizumab" title="Eculizumab">Eculizumab</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/TNF_inhibitor" title="TNF inhibitor">TNF</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adalimumab" title="Adalimumab">Adalimumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afelimomab" title="Afelimomab">Afelimomab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Certolizumab_pegol" title="Certolizumab pegol">Certolizumab pegol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golimumab" title="Golimumab">Golimumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infliximab" title="Infliximab">Infliximab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nerelimomab" title="Nerelimomab">Nerelimomab</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Interleukin" title="Interleukin">Interleukin</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anakinra" title="Anakinra">Anakinra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basiliximab" title="Basiliximab">Basiliximab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bimekizumab" title="Bimekizumab">Bimekizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Briakinumab" title="Briakinumab">Briakinumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brodalumab" title="Brodalumab">Brodalumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canakinumab" title="Canakinumab">Canakinumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daclizumab" title="Daclizumab">Daclizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guselkumab" title="Guselkumab">Guselkumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ixekizumab" title="Ixekizumab">Ixekizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Netakimab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Netakimab (page does not exist)">Netakimab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olokizumab" title="Olokizumab">Olokizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rilonacept" title="Rilonacept">Rilonacept</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Risankizumab" title="Risankizumab">Risankizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarilumab" title="Sarilumab">Sarilumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satralizumab" title="Satralizumab">Satralizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secukinumab" title="Secukinumab">Secukinumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siltuximab" title="Siltuximab">Siltuximab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirukumab" title="Sirukumab">Sirukumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spesolimab" title="Spesolimab">Spesolimab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tildrakizumab" title="Tildrakizumab">Tildrakizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tocilizumab" title="Tocilizumab">Tocilizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ustekinumab" title="Ustekinumab">Ustekinumab</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_5" title="Interleukin 5">Interleukin 5</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mepolizumab" title="Mepolizumab">Mepolizumab</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Immunoglobulin_E" title="Immunoglobulin E">Immunoglobulin E</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Omalizumab" title="Omalizumab">Omalizumab</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Interferon" title="Interferon">Interferon</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Faralimomab" title="Faralimomab">Faralimomab</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_6" title="Interleukin 6">IL-6</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elsilimomab" title="Elsilimomab">Elsilimomab</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_12" title="Interleukin 12">IL-12</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interleukin_13" title="Interleukin 13">IL-13</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Interleukin_23" title="Interleukin 23">IL-23</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lebrikizumab" title="Lebrikizumab">Lebrikizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ustekinumab" title="Ustekinumab">Ustekinumab</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_17" title="Interleukin 17">IL-17A</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secukinumab" title="Secukinumab">Secukinumab</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cellular<br />target</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/CD3_(immunology)" title="CD3 (immunology)">CD3</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muromonab-CD3" title="Muromonab-CD3">Muromonab-CD3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otelixizumab" title="Otelixizumab">Otelixizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teplizumab" title="Teplizumab">Teplizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visilizumab" title="Visilizumab">Visilizumab</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/CD4" title="CD4">CD4</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clenoliximab" title="Clenoliximab">Clenoliximab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keliximab" title="Keliximab">Keliximab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanolimumab" title="Zanolimumab">Zanolimumab</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/CD11a" class="mw-redirect" title="CD11a">CD11a</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Efalizumab" title="Efalizumab">Efalizumab</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/CD18" class="mw-redirect" title="CD18">CD18</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erlizumab" title="Erlizumab">Erlizumab</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/CD20" title="CD20">CD20</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Obinutuzumab" title="Obinutuzumab">Obinutuzumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocrelizumab" title="Ocrelizumab">Ocrelizumab</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ocrelizumab/hyaluronidase" title="Ocrelizumab/hyaluronidase">+hyaluronidase</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pascolizumab" title="Pascolizumab">Pascolizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rituximab" title="Rituximab">Rituximab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ublituximab" title="Ublituximab">Ublituximab</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/CD23" title="CD23">CD23</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gomiliximab" class="mw-redirect" title="Gomiliximab">Gomiliximab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumiliximab" title="Lumiliximab">Lumiliximab</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/CD40_(protein)" title="CD40 (protein)">CD40</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teneliximab" title="Teneliximab">Teneliximab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toralizumab" title="Toralizumab">Toralizumab</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/L-selectin" title="L-selectin">CD62L/L-selectin</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aselizumab" title="Aselizumab">Aselizumab</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/CD80" title="CD80">CD80</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galiximab" title="Galiximab">Galiximab</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Basigin" title="Basigin">CD147/Basigin</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gavilimomab" title="Gavilimomab">Gavilimomab</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/CD154" title="CD154">CD154</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frexalimab" title="Frexalimab">Frexalimab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruplizumab" title="Ruplizumab">Ruplizumab</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><i>BLyS</i> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Belimumab</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chloramphenicol_acetyltransferase" title="Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase">CAT</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bertilimumab" title="Bertilimumab">Bertilimumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lerdelimumab" title="Lerdelimumab">Lerdelimumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metelimumab" title="Metelimumab">Metelimumab</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Integrin" title="Integrin">Integrin</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Natalizumab" title="Natalizumab">Natalizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedolizumab" title="Vedolizumab">Vedolizumab</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Interleukin-6_receptor" title="Interleukin-6 receptor">Interleukin-6 receptor</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tocilizumab" title="Tocilizumab">Tocilizumab</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lymphocyte_function-associated_antigen_1" title="Lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1">LFA-1</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Odulimomab" title="Odulimomab">Odulimomab</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/IL-2_receptor" title="IL-2 receptor">IL-2 receptor/CD25</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basiliximab" title="Basiliximab">Basiliximab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daclizumab" title="Daclizumab">Daclizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inolimomab" title="Inolimomab">Inolimomab</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/T_cell" title="T cell">T-lymphocyte</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Zolimomab_aritox" title="Zolimomab aritox">Zolimomab aritox</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unsorted</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alemtuzumab" title="Alemtuzumab">Alemtuzumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anifrolumab" title="Anifrolumab">Anifrolumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atorolimumab" title="Atorolimumab">Atorolimumab</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Begelomab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Begelomab (page does not exist)">Begelomab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cedelizumab" title="Cedelizumab">Cedelizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emapalumab" title="Emapalumab">Emapalumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontolizumab" title="Fontolizumab">Fontolizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inebilizumab" title="Inebilizumab">Inebilizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maslimomab" title="Maslimomab">Maslimomab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morolimumab" title="Morolimumab">Morolimumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ofatumumab" title="Ofatumumab">Ofatumumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pexelizumab" title="Pexelizumab">Pexelizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reslizumab" title="Reslizumab">Reslizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rovelizumab" title="Rovelizumab">Rovelizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siplizumab" title="Siplizumab">Siplizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talizumab" title="Talizumab">Talizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telimomab_aritox" title="Telimomab aritox">Telimomab aritox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teprotumumab" title="Teprotumumab">Teprotumumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vapaliximab" title="Vapaliximab">Vapaliximab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vepalimomab" title="Vepalimomab">Vepalimomab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Polyclonal_antibodies" title="Polyclonal antibodies">Polyclonal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-thymocyte_globulin" title="Anti-thymocyte globulin">Anti-thymocyte globulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-lymphocyte_globulin" title="Anti-lymphocyte globulin">Anti-lymphocyte globulin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">-cept (<a href="/wiki/Fusion_protein" title="Fusion protein">Fusion</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/CTLA-4" class="mw-redirect" title="CTLA-4">CTLA-4</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abatacept" title="Abatacept">Abatacept</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belatacept" title="Belatacept">Belatacept</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/TNF_inhibitor" title="TNF inhibitor">TNF inhibitor</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Etanercept" title="Etanercept">Etanercept</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Opinercept&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Opinercept (page does not exist)">Opinercept</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aflibercept" title="Aflibercept">Aflibercept</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alefacept" title="Alefacept">Alefacept</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rilonacept" title="Rilonacept">Rilonacept</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unsorted</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avacopan" title="Avacopan">Avacopan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baricitinib" title="Baricitinib">Baricitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bimekizumab" title="Bimekizumab">Bimekizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blisibimod" title="Blisibimod">Blisibimod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Briakinumab" title="Briakinumab">Briakinumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brodalumab" title="Brodalumab">Brodalumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canakinumab" title="Canakinumab">Canakinumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crovalimab" title="Crovalimab">Crovalimab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danicopan" title="Danicopan">Danicopan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darvadstrocel" title="Darvadstrocel">Darvadstrocel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deucravacitinib" title="Deucravacitinib">Deucravacitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deuruxolitinib" title="Deuruxolitinib">Deuruxolitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimethyl_fumarate" title="Dimethyl fumarate">Dimethyl fumarate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diroximel_fumarate" title="Diroximel fumarate">Diroximel fumarate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efgartigimod_alfa" title="Efgartigimod alfa">Efgartigimod alfa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Efgartigimod_alfa/hyaluronidase" title="Efgartigimod alfa/hyaluronidase">+hyaluronidase</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etrasimod" title="Etrasimod">Etrasimod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filgotinib" title="Filgotinib">Filgotinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fingolimod" title="Fingolimod">Fingolimod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guselkumab" title="Guselkumab">Guselkumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iptacopan" title="Iptacopan">Iptacopan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Itacitinib&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Itacitinib (page does not exist)">Itacitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ixekizumab" title="Ixekizumab">Ixekizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Netakimab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Netakimab (page does not exist)">Netakimab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olokizumab" title="Olokizumab">Olokizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozanimod" title="Ozanimod">Ozanimod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peficitinib" title="Peficitinib">Peficitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pegcetacoplan" title="Pegcetacoplan">Pegcetacoplan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirfenidone" title="Pirfenidone">Pirfenidone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponesimod" title="Ponesimod">Ponesimod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravulizumab" title="Ravulizumab">Ravulizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Risankizumab" title="Risankizumab">Risankizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritlecitinib" title="Ritlecitinib">Ritlecitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rozanolixizumab" title="Rozanolixizumab">Rozanolixizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarilumab" title="Sarilumab">Sarilumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satralizumab" title="Satralizumab">Satralizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siltuximab" title="Siltuximab">Siltuximab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siponimod" title="Siponimod">Siponimod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirukumab" title="Sirukumab">Sirukumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spesolimab" title="Spesolimab">Spesolimab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutimlimab" title="Sutimlimab">Sutimlimab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telitacicept" title="Telitacicept">Telitacicept</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tildrakizumab" title="Tildrakizumab">Tildrakizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tofacitinib" title="Tofacitinib">Tofacitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upadacitinib" title="Upadacitinib">Upadacitinib</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Monoclonal_antibodies_for_the_immune_system" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Monoclonals_for_immune_system" title="Template:Monoclonals for immune system"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Monoclonals_for_immune_system" title="Template talk:Monoclonals for immune system"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Monoclonals_for_immune_system" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Monoclonals for immune system"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Monoclonal_antibodies_for_the_immune_system" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Monoclonal_antibodies" class="mw-redirect" title="Monoclonal antibodies">Monoclonal antibodies</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Immune_system" title="Immune system">immune system</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Immune_system" title="Immune system">Immune system</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Human</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Immunosuppression" title="Immunosuppression">Immunosuppression</a></i>: <a href="/wiki/Abrilumab" title="Abrilumab">Abrilumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adalimumab" title="Adalimumab">Adalimumab</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anifrolumab" title="Anifrolumab">Anifrolumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atorolimumab" title="Atorolimumab">Atorolimumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avelumab" title="Avelumab">Avelumab</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avdoralimab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Avdoralimab (page does not exist)">Avdoralimab</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Belimumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bleselumab" title="Bleselumab">Bleselumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brodalumab" title="Brodalumab">Brodalumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camidanlumab_tesirine" title="Camidanlumab tesirine">Camidanlumab tesirine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlumab" title="Carlumab">Carlumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cemiplimab" title="Cemiplimab">Cemiplimab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dupilumab" title="Dupilumab">Dupilumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eldelumab" title="Eldelumab">Eldelumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emapalumab" title="Emapalumab">Emapalumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fresolimumab" title="Fresolimumab">Fresolimumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golimumab" title="Golimumab">Golimumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ianalumab" title="Ianalumab">Ianalumab</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanadelumab" title="Lanadelumab">Lanadelumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenzilumab" title="Lenzilumab">Lenzilumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lerdelimumab" title="Lerdelimumab">Lerdelimumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lirentelimab" title="Lirentelimab">Lirentelimab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lirilumab" title="Lirilumab">Lirilumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mavrilimumab" title="Mavrilimumab">Mavrilimumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metelimumab" title="Metelimumab">Metelimumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morolimumab" title="Morolimumab">Morolimumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namilumab" title="Namilumab">Namilumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleclumab" title="Oleclumab">Oleclumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxelumab" title="Oxelumab">Oxelumab</a>§</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamrevlumab" title="Pamrevlumab">Pamrevlumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Placulumab" title="Placulumab">Placulumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relatlimab" title="Relatlimab">Relatlimab</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarilumab" title="Sarilumab">Sarilumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sifalimumab" title="Sifalimumab">Sifalimumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabalumab" title="Tabalumab">Tabalumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tezepelumab" title="Tezepelumab">Tezepelumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulocuplumab" title="Ulocuplumab">Ulocuplumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varlilumab" title="Varlilumab">Varlilumab</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Immune activation</i>: <a href="/wiki/Ipilimumab" title="Ipilimumab">Ipilimumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durvalumab" title="Durvalumab">Durvalumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nivolumab" title="Nivolumab">Nivolumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tremelimumab" title="Tremelimumab">Tremelimumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urelumab" title="Urelumab">Urelumab</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Other</i>: <a href="/wiki/Bertilimumab" title="Bertilimumab">Bertilimumab</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ontamalimab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ontamalimab (page does not exist)">Ontamalimab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanolimumab" title="Zanolimumab">Zanolimumab</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Combination</i>: <a href="/wiki/Nivolumab/relatlimab" title="Nivolumab/relatlimab">Nivolumab/relatlimab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Mouse</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afelimomab" title="Afelimomab">Afelimomab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elsilimomab" title="Elsilimomab">Elsilimomab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faralimomab" title="Faralimomab">Faralimomab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gavilimomab" title="Gavilimomab">Gavilimomab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inolimomab" title="Inolimomab">Inolimomab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maslimomab" title="Maslimomab">Maslimomab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nerelimomab" title="Nerelimomab">Nerelimomab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odulimomab" title="Odulimomab">Odulimomab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telimomab_aritox" title="Telimomab aritox">Telimomab aritox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vepalimomab" title="Vepalimomab">Vepalimomab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zolimomab_aritox" title="Zolimomab aritox">Zolimomab aritox</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Chimeric_antibody" class="mw-redirect" title="Chimeric antibody">Chimeric</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andecaliximab" title="Andecaliximab">Andecaliximab</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basiliximab" title="Basiliximab">Basiliximab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clenoliximab" title="Clenoliximab">Clenoliximab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galiximab" title="Galiximab">Galiximab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gomiliximab" class="mw-redirect" title="Gomiliximab">Gomiliximab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infliximab" title="Infliximab">Infliximab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keliximab" title="Keliximab">Keliximab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumiliximab" title="Lumiliximab">Lumiliximab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priliximab" title="Priliximab">Priliximab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teneliximab" title="Teneliximab">Teneliximab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vapaliximab" title="Vapaliximab">Vapaliximab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Humanized_antibody" title="Humanized antibody">Humanized</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Immunosuppressive:</i> <a href="/wiki/Apolizumab" title="Apolizumab">Apolizumab</a><sup>§</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aselizumab" title="Aselizumab">Aselizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atezolizumab" title="Atezolizumab">Atezolizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benralizumab" title="Benralizumab">Benralizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camrelizumab" title="Camrelizumab">Camrelizumab</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cedelizumab" title="Cedelizumab">Cedelizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Certolizumab_pegol" title="Certolizumab pegol">Certolizumab pegol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crizanlizumab" title="Crizanlizumab">Crizanlizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daclizumab" title="Daclizumab">Daclizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eculizumab" title="Eculizumab">Eculizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efalizumab" title="Efalizumab">Efalizumab</a><sup>‡</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epratuzumab" title="Epratuzumab">Epratuzumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erlizumab" title="Erlizumab">Erlizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etrolizumab" title="Etrolizumab">Etrolizumab</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontolizumab" title="Fontolizumab">Fontolizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frexalimab" title="Frexalimab">Frexalimab</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inebilizumab" title="Inebilizumab">Inebilizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itolizumab" title="Itolizumab">Itolizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampalizumab" title="Lampalizumab">Lampalizumab</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letolizumab" title="Letolizumab">Letolizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ligelizumab" title="Ligelizumab">Ligelizumab</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lulizumab_pegol" title="Lulizumab pegol">Lulizumab pegol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mepolizumab" title="Mepolizumab">Mepolizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mogamulizumab" title="Mogamulizumab">Mogamulizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natalizumab" title="Natalizumab">Natalizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocrelizumab" title="Ocrelizumab">Ocrelizumab</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ocrelizumab/hyaluronidase" title="Ocrelizumab/hyaluronidase">+hyaluronidase</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omalizumab" title="Omalizumab">Omalizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozoralizumab" title="Ozoralizumab">Ozoralizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pascolizumab" title="Pascolizumab">Pascolizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pateclizumab" title="Pateclizumab">Pateclizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pembrolizumab" title="Pembrolizumab">Pembrolizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pexelizumab" title="Pexelizumab">Pexelizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pidilizumab" title="Pidilizumab">Pidilizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plozalizumab" title="Plozalizumab">Plozalizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PRO_140" class="mw-redirect" title="PRO 140">PRO 140</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quilizumab" title="Quilizumab">Quilizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravulizumab" title="Ravulizumab">Ravulizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reslizumab" title="Reslizumab">Reslizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retifanlimab" title="Retifanlimab">Retifanlimab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rontalizumab" title="Rontalizumab">Rontalizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rovelizumab" title="Rovelizumab">Rovelizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruplizumab" title="Ruplizumab">Ruplizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samalizumab" title="Samalizumab">Samalizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satralizumab" title="Satralizumab">Satralizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siplizumab" title="Siplizumab">Siplizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spartalizumab" title="Spartalizumab">Spartalizumab</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talizumab" title="Talizumab">Talizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teclistamab" title="Teclistamab">Teclistamab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teplizumab" title="Teplizumab">Teplizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tislelizumab" title="Tislelizumab">Tislelizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tocilizumab" title="Tocilizumab">Tocilizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toralizumab" title="Toralizumab">Toralizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tregalizumab" title="Tregalizumab">Tregalizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatelizumab" title="Vatelizumab">Vatelizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedolizumab" title="Vedolizumab">Vedolizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visilizumab" title="Visilizumab">Visilizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vobarilizumab" title="Vobarilizumab">Vobarilizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TGN1412" class="mw-redirect" title="TGN1412">TGN1412</a><sup>§</sup><br /></li></ul> <p><i>Immune activation</i>: <a href="/wiki/Dostarlimab" title="Dostarlimab">Dostarlimab</a><br /> <i>Other:</i> <a href="/wiki/Ibalizumab" title="Ibalizumab">Ibalizumab</a> </p> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Chimeric + humanized<br /></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Otelixizumab" title="Otelixizumab">Otelixizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rozanolixizumab" title="Rozanolixizumab">Rozanolixizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutimlimab" title="Sutimlimab">Sutimlimab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Interleukin" title="Interleukin">Interleukin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Human</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bermekimab" title="Bermekimab">Bermekimab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazikumab" title="Brazikumab">Brazikumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Briakinumab" title="Briakinumab">Briakinumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canakinumab" title="Canakinumab">Canakinumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fezakinumab" title="Fezakinumab">Fezakinumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fletikumab" title="Fletikumab">Fletikumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guselkumab" title="Guselkumab">Guselkumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secukinumab" title="Secukinumab">Secukinumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirukumab" title="Sirukumab">Sirukumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tralokinumab" title="Tralokinumab">Tralokinumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ustekinumab" title="Ustekinumab">Ustekinumab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Humanized</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anrukinzumab" title="Anrukinzumab">Anrukinzumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bimekizumab" title="Bimekizumab">Bimekizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clazakizumab" title="Clazakizumab">Clazakizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gevokizumab" title="Gevokizumab">Gevokizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ixekizumab" title="Ixekizumab">Ixekizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirikizumab" title="Mirikizumab">Mirikizumab</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebrikizumab" title="Lebrikizumab">Lebrikizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olokizumab" title="Olokizumab">Olokizumab</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perakizumab" title="Perakizumab">Perakizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Risankizumab" title="Risankizumab">Risankizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spesolimab" title="Spesolimab">Spesolimab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tildrakizumab" title="Tildrakizumab">Tildrakizumab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Veterinary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lokivetmab" title="Lokivetmab">Lokivetmab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Inflammatory <a href="/wiki/Lesion" title="Lesion">lesions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Mouse" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Mouse</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Besilesomab" title="Besilesomab">Besilesomab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technetium_(99mTc)_fanolesomab" title="Technetium (99mTc) fanolesomab">Fanolesomab</a><sup>‡</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemalesomab" title="Lemalesomab">Lemalesomab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technetium_(99mTc)_sulesomab" title="Technetium (99mTc) sulesomab">Sulesomab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;;background: transparent; padding: 0px;"><div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><sup>#</sup><a href="/wiki/WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines" title="WHO Model List of Essential Medicines">WHO-EM</a></li> <li><sup>‡</sup><a href="/wiki/List_of_withdrawn_drugs" title="List of withdrawn drugs">Withdrawn</a> from market</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinical_trial" title="Clinical trial">Clinical trials</a>: <ul><li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Phases_of_clinical_research#Phase_III" title="Phases of clinical research">Phase III</a></li> <li><sup>§</sup>Never to phase III</li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cytokine_receptor_modulators" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cytokine_receptor_modulators" title="Template:Cytokine receptor modulators"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cytokine_receptor_modulators" title="Template talk:Cytokine receptor modulators"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cytokine_receptor_modulators" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cytokine receptor modulators"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cytokine_receptor_modulators" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cytokine_receptor" title="Cytokine receptor">Cytokine receptor</a> <a href="/wiki/Receptor_modulator" title="Receptor modulator">modulators</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Chemokine_receptor" title="Chemokine receptor">Chemokine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>See <a href="/wiki/Template:Chemokine_receptor_modulators" title="Template:Chemokine receptor modulators">here</a> instead.</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Colony-stimulating_factor_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="Colony-stimulating factor receptor">CSF</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Erythropoietin_receptor" title="Erythropoietin receptor">Erythropoietin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=ARA-290&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ARA-290 (page does not exist)">ARA-290</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asialo_erythropoietin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asialo erythropoietin (page does not exist)">Asialo erythropoietin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbamylated_erythropoietin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carbamylated erythropoietin (page does not exist)">Carbamylated erythropoietin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CNTO-530&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CNTO-530 (page does not exist)">CNTO-530</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darbepoetin_alfa" title="Darbepoetin alfa">Darbepoetin alfa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epoetin_alfa" title="Epoetin alfa">Epoetin alfa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epoetin_beta" title="Epoetin beta">Epoetin beta</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Epoetin_delta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Epoetin delta (page does not exist)">Epoetin delta</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Epoetin_epsilon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Epoetin epsilon (page does not exist)">Epoetin epsilon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Epoetin_gamma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Epoetin gamma (page does not exist)">Epoetin gamma</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Epoetin_kappa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Epoetin kappa (page does not exist)">Epoetin kappa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Epoetin_omega&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Epoetin omega (page does not exist)">Epoetin omega</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epoetin_theta" title="Epoetin theta">Epoetin theta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epoetin_zeta" class="mw-redirect" title="Epoetin zeta">Epoetin zeta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erythropoietin" title="Erythropoietin">Erythropoietin (EPO)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erythropoietin-Fc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erythropoietin-Fc (page does not exist)">Erythropoietin-Fc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methoxy_polyethylene_glycol-epoetin_beta" title="Methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta">Methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta (CERA/Mircera)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peginesatide" title="Peginesatide">Peginesatide</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pegol_sihematide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pegol sihematide (page does not exist)">Pegol sihematide (EPO-018B)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Granulocyte_colony-stimulating_factor_receptor" title="Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor">G-CSF (CSF3)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Filgrastim" title="Filgrastim">Filgrastim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granulocyte_colony-stimulating_factor" title="Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor">Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenograstim" title="Lenograstim">Lenograstim</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leridistim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leridistim (page does not exist)">Leridistim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lipegfilgrastim" title="Lipegfilgrastim">Lipegfilgrastim</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nartograstim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nartograstim (page does not exist)">Nartograstim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pegfilgrastim" title="Pegfilgrastim">Pegfilgrastim</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pegnartograstim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pegnartograstim (page does not exist)">Pegnartograstim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Granulocyte_macrophage_colony-stimulating_factor_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor">GM-CSF (CSF2)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ecogramostim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ecogramostim (page does not exist)">Ecogramostim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granulocyte_macrophage_colony-stimulating_factor" class="mw-redirect" title="Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor">Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Milodistim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Milodistim (page does not exist)">Milodistim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molgramostim" title="Molgramostim">Molgramostim</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Regramostim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Regramostim (page does not exist)">Regramostim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sargramostim" title="Sargramostim">Sargramostim</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <a href="/wiki/Mavrilimumab" title="Mavrilimumab">Mavrilimumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namilumab" title="Namilumab">Namilumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otilimab" title="Otilimab">Otilimab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Macrophage_colony-stimulating_factor_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="Macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor">M-CSF (CSF1)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cilmostim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cilmostim (page does not exist)">Cilmostim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin-34" class="mw-redirect" title="Interleukin-34">Interleukin-34</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lanimostim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lanimostim (page does not exist)">Lanimostim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macrophage_colony-stimulating_factor" title="Macrophage colony-stimulating factor">Macrophage colony-stimulating factor</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mirimostim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mirimostim (page does not exist)">Mirimostim</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Kinase inhibitors:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Agerafenib&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agerafenib (page does not exist)">Agerafenib</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/CD117" class="mw-redirect" title="CD117">SCF (c-Kit)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>See <a href="/wiki/Template:Growth_factor_receptor_modulators" title="Template:Growth factor receptor modulators">here</a> instead.</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Thrombopoietin_receptor" title="Thrombopoietin receptor">Thrombopoietin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Eltrombopag" title="Eltrombopag">Eltrombopag</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pegacaristim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pegacaristim (page does not exist)">Pegacaristim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promegapoietin" title="Promegapoietin">Promegapoietin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romiplostim" title="Romiplostim">Romiplostim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrombopoietin" title="Thrombopoietin">Thrombopoietin (THPO, MGDF)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Interferon_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="Interferon receptor">Interferon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Interferon-alpha/beta_receptor" title="Interferon-alpha/beta receptor">IFNAR (α/β, I)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Albinterferon" title="Albinterferon">Albinterferon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interferon_alpha" class="mw-redirect" title="Interferon alpha">Interferon alpha (interferon alfa, IFN-α)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interferon_alfa" title="Interferon alfa">Interferon alfa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Interferon_alpha_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Interferon alpha 1">IFNA1</a>, <a href="/wiki/IFNA2" title="IFNA2">IFNA2</a>, <a href="/wiki/IFNA4" title="IFNA4">IFNA4</a>, <a href="/wiki/IFNA5" title="IFNA5">IFNA5</a>, <a href="/wiki/IFNA6" title="IFNA6">IFNA6</a>, <a href="/wiki/IFNA7" title="IFNA7">IFNA7</a>, <a href="/wiki/IFNA8" title="IFNA8">IFNA8</a>, <a href="/wiki/IFNA10" title="IFNA10">IFNA10</a>, <a href="/wiki/IFNA13" title="IFNA13">IFNA13</a>, <a href="/wiki/IFNA14" title="IFNA14">IFNA14</a>, <a href="/wiki/IFNA16" title="IFNA16">IFNA16</a>, <a href="/wiki/IFNA17" title="IFNA17">IFNA17</a>, <a href="/wiki/IFNA21" title="IFNA21">IFNA21</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interferon_alfa_2a" class="mw-redirect" title="Interferon alfa 2a">Interferon alfa 2a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interferon_alfa_2b" class="mw-redirect" title="Interferon alfa 2b">Interferon alfa 2b</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interferon_alfa_n1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Interferon alfa n1 (page does not exist)">Interferon alfa n1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interferon_alfacon-1" title="Interferon alfacon-1">Interferon alfacon-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interferon_alpha-n3" title="Interferon alpha-n3">Interferon alpha-n3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interferon_beta" class="mw-redirect" title="Interferon beta">Interferon beta (IFN-β)</a> (<a href="/wiki/IFNB1" title="IFNB1">IFNB1</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=IFNB3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IFNB3 (page does not exist)">IFNB3</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interferon_beta_1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Interferon beta 1a">Interferon beta 1a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interferon_beta_1b" class="mw-redirect" title="Interferon beta 1b">Interferon beta 1b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interferon_kappa" class="mw-redirect" title="Interferon kappa">Interferon kappa (IFN-ε/κ/τ/ζ, IFNK)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interferon_omega" class="mw-redirect" title="Interferon omega">Interferon omega (IFN-ω, IFNW1)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peginterferon_alfa-2a" title="Peginterferon alfa-2a">Peginterferon alfa-2a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peginterferon_alfa-2b" title="Peginterferon alfa-2b">Peginterferon alfa-2b</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <a href="/wiki/Anifrolumab" title="Anifrolumab">Anifrolumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faralimomab" title="Faralimomab">Faralimomab</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MEDI-545&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MEDI-545 (page does not exist)">MEDI-545</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rontalizumab" title="Rontalizumab">Rontalizumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sifalimumab" title="Sifalimumab">Sifalimumab</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Decoy receptors:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bifarcept&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bifarcept (page does not exist)">Bifarcept</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Interferon-gamma_receptor" title="Interferon-gamma receptor">IFNGR (γ, II)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/wiki/Interferon_gamma" title="Interferon gamma">Interferon gamma (IFN-γ)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interferon_gamma_1b" class="mw-redirect" title="Interferon gamma 1b">Interferon gamma 1b</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antibodies:</i> <a href="/wiki/Emapalumab" title="Emapalumab">Emapalumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontolizumab" title="Fontolizumab">Fontolizumab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Interferon-lambda_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="Interferon-lambda receptor">IFNLR (λ, III)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>See IL-28R (IFNLR) <a href="/wiki/Template:Interleukin_receptor_modulators" title="Template:Interleukin receptor modulators">here</a> instead.</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Interleukin_receptor" title="Interleukin receptor">Interleukin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>See <a href="/wiki/Template:Interleukin_receptor_modulators" title="Template:Interleukin receptor modulators">here</a> instead.</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Transforming_growth_factor_beta_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="Transforming growth factor beta receptor">TGFβ</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>See <a href="/wiki/Template:TGF%CE%B2_receptor_superfamily_modulators" title="Template:TGFβ receptor superfamily modulators">here</a> instead.</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Tumor_necrosis_factor_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="Tumor necrosis factor receptor">TNF</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>See <a href="/wiki/Template:TNF_receptor_superfamily_modulators" title="Template:TNF receptor superfamily modulators">here</a> instead.</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Janus_kinase" title="Janus kinase">JAK</a><br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/Janus_kinase_inhibitor" title="Janus kinase inhibitor">inhibitors</a>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/JAK1" class="mw-redirect" title="JAK1">JAK1</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abrocitinib" title="Abrocitinib">Abrocitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baricitinib" title="Baricitinib">Baricitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deuruxolitinib" title="Deuruxolitinib">Deuruxolitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filgotinib" title="Filgotinib">Filgotinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Momelotinib" title="Momelotinib">Momelotinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oclacitinib" title="Oclacitinib">Oclacitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peficitinib" title="Peficitinib">Peficitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruxolitinib" title="Ruxolitinib">Ruxolitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tofacitinib" title="Tofacitinib">Tofacitinib (tasocitinib)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upadacitinib" title="Upadacitinib">Upadacitinib</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/JAK2" class="mw-redirect" title="JAK2">JAK2</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atiprimod" title="Atiprimod">Atiprimod</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AZD-1480&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AZD-1480 (page does not exist)">AZD-1480</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baricitinib" title="Baricitinib">Baricitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CHZ868" title="CHZ868">CHZ868</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cucurbitacin_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Cucurbitacin I">Cucurbitacin I (elatericin B, JSI-124)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CYT387" class="mw-redirect" title="CYT387">CYT387</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deuruxolitinib" title="Deuruxolitinib">Deuruxolitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lestaurtinib" title="Lestaurtinib">Lestaurtinib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NSC-7908&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NSC-7908 (page does not exist)">NSC-7908</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NSC-33994&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NSC-33994 (page does not exist)">NSC-33994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacritinib" title="Pacritinib">Pacritinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peficitinib" title="Peficitinib">Peficitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruxolitinib" title="Ruxolitinib">Ruxolitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SD-1008&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SD-1008 (page does not exist)">SD-1008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tofacitinib" title="Tofacitinib">Tofacitinib (tasocitinib)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/JAK3" class="mw-redirect" title="JAK3">JAK3</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cercosporamide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cercosporamide (page does not exist)">Cercosporamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decernotinib" title="Decernotinib">Decernotinib (VX-509)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peficitinib" title="Peficitinib">Peficitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritlecitinib" title="Ritlecitinib">Ritlecitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=TCS-21311&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TCS-21311 (page does not exist)">TCS-21311</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tofacitinib" title="Tofacitinib">Tofacitinib (tasocitinib)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=WHI-P_154&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WHI-P 154 (page does not exist)">WHI-P 154</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ZM-39923&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ZM-39923 (page does not exist)">ZM-39923</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ZM-449829&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ZM-449829 (page does not exist)">ZM-449829</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Tyrosine_kinase_2" title="Tyrosine kinase 2">TYK2</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deucravacitinib" title="Deucravacitinib">Deucravacitinib</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Additional cytokines:</i> <a href="/wiki/Cardiotrophin_1" title="Cardiotrophin 1">Cardiotrophin 1 (CT-1)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FMS-like_tyrosine_kinase_3_ligand" title="FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand">FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (FLT3L)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leukemia_inhibitory_factor" title="Leukemia inhibitory factor">Leukemia/leukocyte inhibitory factor (LIF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oncostatin_M" title="Oncostatin M">Oncostatin M (OSM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thymic_stromal_lymphopoietin" title="Thymic stromal lymphopoietin">Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP)</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Additional cytokine receptor modulators:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Emfilermin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emfilermin (page does not exist)">Emfilermin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lestaurtinib" title="Lestaurtinib">Lestaurtinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midostaurin" title="Midostaurin">Midostaurin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quizartinib" title="Quizartinib">Quizartinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorafenib" title="Sorafenib">Sorafenib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunitinib" title="Sunitinib">Sunitinib</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="GSK" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:GSK" title="Template:GSK"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:GSK" title="Template talk:GSK"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:GSK" title="Special:EditPage/Template:GSK"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="GSK" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/GSK_plc" title="GSK plc">GSK</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subsidiaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GlaxoSmithKline_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="GlaxoSmithKline Pakistan">GlaxoSmithKline Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GlaxoSmithKline_Pharmaceuticals_Ltd" class="mw-redirect" title="GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals Ltd">GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals Ltd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stiefel_Laboratories" title="Stiefel Laboratories">Stiefel Laboratories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tesaro" title="Tesaro">Tesaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ViiV_Healthcare" title="ViiV Healthcare">ViiV Healthcare</a> (85%)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Haleon" title="Haleon">Haleon</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Predecessors,<br />acquisitions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allen_%26_Hanburys" title="Allen & Hanburys">Allen & Hanburys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beecham_Group" title="Beecham Group">Beecham Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Block_Drug" title="Block Drug">Block Drug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GSK_plc#Glaxo_Wellcome" title="GSK plc">Burroughs Wellcome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GSK_plc#Glaxo_Wellcome" title="GSK plc">Glaxo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GSK_plc#Glaxo_Wellcome" title="GSK plc">Glaxo Wellcome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_Genome_Sciences" title="Human Genome Sciences">Human Genome Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recherche_et_Industrie_Th%C3%A9rapeutiques" title="Recherche et Industrie Thérapeutiques">Recherche et Industrie Thérapeutiques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reliant_Pharmaceuticals" title="Reliant Pharmaceuticals">Reliant Pharmaceuticals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._E._Massengill_Company" title="S. E. Massengill Company">S. E. Massengill Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GSK_plc#SmithKline_Beecham" title="GSK plc">SmithKline Beecham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smith,_Kline_%26_French" title="Smith, Kline & French">Smith, Kline & French</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Products</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pharma</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fluticasone/salmeterol" title="Fluticasone/salmeterol">Advair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orlistat" title="Orlistat">Alli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amoxicillin/clavulanic_acid" title="Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid">Augmentin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosiglitazone" title="Rosiglitazone">Avandia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beclometasone" title="Beclometasone">Beconase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibandronic_acid" title="Ibandronic acid">Boniva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluticasone_propionate" title="Fluticasone propionate">Flixonase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topotecan" title="Topotecan">Hycamtin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamotrigine" title="Lamotrigine">Lamictal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paroxetine" title="Paroxetine">Paxil/Seroxat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piboserod" title="Piboserod">Serlipet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cimetidine" title="Cimetidine">Tagamet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salbutamol" title="Salbutamol">Ventolin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bupropion" title="Bupropion">Wellbutrin/Zyban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranitidine" title="Ranitidine">Zantac</a> … <a href="/wiki/List_of_GSK_plc_products" title="List of GSK plc products"><b>more</b></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vaccines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Respiratory_syncytial_virus_vaccine" title="Respiratory syncytial virus vaccine">Arexvy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bexsero" class="mw-redirect" title="Bexsero">Bexsero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boostrix" class="mw-redirect" title="Boostrix">Boostrix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cervarix" title="Cervarix">Cervarix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engerix-B" class="mw-redirect" title="Engerix-B">Engerix-B </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluarix" class="mw-redirect" title="Fluarix">Fluarix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FluLaval" class="mw-redirect" title="FluLaval">FluLaval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Havrix" class="mw-redirect" title="Havrix">Havrix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hepatyrix" class="mw-redirect" title="Hepatyrix">Hepatyrix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiberix" class="mw-redirect" title="Hiberix">Hiberix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infanrix" class="mw-redirect" title="Infanrix">Infanrix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H5N1_vaccine" title="H5N1 vaccine">H5N1 vaccine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinrix" class="mw-redirect" title="Kinrix">Kinrix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menveo" class="mw-redirect" title="Menveo">Menveo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandemrix" title="Pandemrix">Pandemrix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pediarix" class="mw-redirect" title="Pediarix">Pediarix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabavert" class="mw-redirect" title="Rabavert">Rabavert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotarix" class="mw-redirect" title="Rotarix">Rotarix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoster_vaccine#Shingrix" title="Zoster vaccine">Shingrix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hepatitis_A_and_B_vaccine" title="Hepatitis A and B vaccine">Twinrix</a> … <a href="/wiki/List_of_GSK_plc_products" title="List of GSK plc products"><b>more</b></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Actifed" title="Actifed">Actifed</a></li> <li>Advil</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquafresh" class="mw-redirect" title="Aquafresh">Aquafresh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BC_Powder" title="BC Powder">BC Powder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biotene" title="Biotene">Biotene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caltrate" title="Caltrate">Caltrate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centrum_(multivitamin)" title="Centrum (multivitamin)">Centrum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ChapStick" title="ChapStick">ChapStick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emergen-C" title="Emergen-C">Emergen-C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eno_(drug)" title="Eno (drug)">Eno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Excedrin_(brand)" title="Excedrin (brand)">Excedrin</a></li> <li>Flonase</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geritol" title="Geritol">Geritol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goody%27s_Powder" title="Goody's Powder">Goody's Powder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horlicks" title="Horlicks">Horlicks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucozade" title="Lucozade">Lucozade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicoderm" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicoderm">Nicoderm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicorette" title="Nicorette">Nicorette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niquitin" title="Niquitin">NiQuitin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parodontax" title="Parodontax">Parodontax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ribena" title="Ribena">Ribena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sensodyne" title="Sensodyne">Sensodyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tums" title="Tums">Tums</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Board of <br />Directors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Hampton" title="Philip Hampton">Philip Hampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Walmsley" title="Emma Walmsley">Emma Walmsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Dingemans" title="Simon Dingemans">Simon Dingemans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_M._Anderson" title="Roy M. Anderson">Roy M. Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._S._Banga" title="M. S. Banga">Manvinder Banga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Vallance" title="Patrick Vallance">Patrick Vallance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivienne_Cox" title="Vivienne Cox">Vivienne Cox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynn_Elsenhans" title="Lynn Elsenhans">Lynn Elsenhans</a></li> <li>Jesse Goodman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judy_Lewent" title="Judy Lewent">Judy Lewent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urs_Rohner" title="Urs Rohner">Urs Rohner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurie_Glimcher" title="Laurie Glimcher">Laurie Glimcher</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Beecham_(chemist)" title="Thomas Beecham (chemist)">Thomas Beecham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silas_M._Burroughs_(pharmacist)" title="Silas M. Burroughs (pharmacist)">Silas M. Burroughs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahlon_Kline" title="Mahlon Kline">Mahlon Kline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_K._Smith" title="John K. Smith">John K. Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Wellcome" title="Henry Wellcome">Henry Wellcome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Witty" title="Andrew Witty">Andrew Witty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Gent" title="Chris Gent">Chris Gent</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Litigation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Canada_v._GlaxoSmithKline_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Canada v. GlaxoSmithKline Inc.">Canada v. GlaxoSmithKline Inc.</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Christopher_v._SmithKline_Beecham_Corp." title="Christopher v. SmithKline Beecham Corp.">Christopher v. SmithKline Beecham Corp.</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/GlaxoSmithKline_Services_Unlimited_v_Commission" title="GlaxoSmithKline Services Unlimited v Commission">GlaxoSmithKline Services Unlimited v Commission</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Glaxo_Group_Ltd." title="United States v. Glaxo Group Ltd.">United States v. Glaxo Group Ltd.</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._GlaxoSmithKline" title="United States v. GlaxoSmithKline">United States v. GlaxoSmithKline</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drug_Industry_Documents_Archive" title="Drug Industry Documents Archive">Drug Industry Documents Archive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GlaxoSmithKline_Prize" title="GlaxoSmithKline Prize">GlaxoSmithKline Prize</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Side_Effects_(Bass_book)" title="Side Effects (Bass book)">Side Effects</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Study_329" title="Study 329">Study 329</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:GSK_plc" title="Category:GSK plc"><b>Category</b></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portal</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/WHO_Rod.svg/8px-WHO_Rod.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/WHO_Rod.svg/12px-WHO_Rod.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/WHO_Rod.svg/16px-WHO_Rod.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="107" data-file-height="250" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Medicine" title="Portal:Medicine">Medicine</a></li></ul></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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