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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American politician (born 1959)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Jerry White</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Jerry_White_addresses_a_meeting.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Jerry White, dressed in gray suit and tie and wearing eye glasses, addressing a meeting in 2008." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Jerry_White_addresses_a_meeting.jpg/220px-Jerry_White_addresses_a_meeting.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Jerry_White_addresses_a_meeting.jpg/330px-Jerry_White_addresses_a_meeting.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/02/Jerry_White_addresses_a_meeting.jpg 2x" data-file-width="394" data-file-height="592" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">White in 2008</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Jerome White</div><br />1959 (age 64–65)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Queens" title="Queens">Queens</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a>, US</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role">Journalist</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">Socialist politics</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Jerome "Jerry" White</b> (born 1959) is an American politician and journalist, and is the Labor Editor reporting for the <a href="/wiki/World_Socialist_Web_Site" title="World Socialist Web Site">World Socialist Web Site</a>. He is a member of the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Equality_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Equality Party (United States)">Socialist Equality Party</a> of the United States, and was a member of its predecessor the <a href="/wiki/Workers_League_(US)" class="mw-redirect" title="Workers League (US)">Workers League</a>, joining the movement in 1979.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> White was the SEP's nominee for the <a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election" title="United States presidential election">United States presidential elections</a> four times, running in 1996, 2008, 2012 and 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-winger2016_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-winger2016-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wsws2012_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wsws2012-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 2024, SEP National Chairman <a href="/wiki/David_North_(socialist)" title="David North (socialist)">David North</a> announced White would run in the <a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_elections" title="2024 United States elections">2024 US election</a> as the party's candidate for Vice President of the United States. His running mate on the ticket is <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Kishore" title="Joseph Kishore">Joseph Kishore</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>White's political program calls for the expropriation and nationalization of all major banks and corporations, the end to all US wars abroad, including the Israeli war with the Palestinians and the US-NATO proxy war in Ukraine, a new democratic system of worker control over companies, and the establishment of social rights of the working class. </p><p>White's call for social rights include the right to: a livable income, a safe working environment, clean water and air, food, safe and affordable housing, high quality education, transportation, healthcare, culture, retirement, and full democratic rights.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jerry_White_(socialist)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jerome White was raised in a working-class family in <a href="/wiki/Queens,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Queens, New York">Queens, New York</a>. In 1979, while working at <a href="/wiki/United_Parcel_Service" title="United Parcel Service">United Parcel Service</a> and attending the <a href="/wiki/City_University_of_New_York" title="City University of New York">City University of New York</a>, he joined the <a href="/wiki/Workers_League_(US)" class="mw-redirect" title="Workers League (US)">Workers League</a>, the predecessor of the Socialist Equality Party.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jerry_White_(socialist)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As a member of the Workers League, White reported on the 10-week strike by Appalachian coal miners in early 1981 and the <a href="/wiki/Solidarity_Day_march" title="Solidarity Day march">Solidarity Day march</a> on September 19, 1981, in Washington, DC where half a million workers protested President Reagan’s firing of 11,000 striking <a href="/wiki/Professional_Air_Traffic_Controllers_Organization_(1968)" title="Professional Air Traffic Controllers Organization (1968)">PATCO</a> air traffic controllers and the smashing of their union. He has been active in the party’s interventions in the working class since the 1980s, providing on-the-spot reporting of strikes at Greyhound Bus, Hormel, Eastern Airlines, Pittston Coal, Caterpillar, Verizon, UPS, public schools in Chicago, Los Angeles, Detroit, West Virginia and Oklahoma, the oil refineries and many others. </p><p>White authored a book, published in 1990, entitled <i>Death on the Picket Line: The Story of John McCoy</i>. The book, an <a href="/wiki/Investigative_journalism" title="Investigative journalism">investigative report</a>, treats the killing of a militant <a href="/wiki/Coal_mining" title="Coal mining">coal miner</a>, McCoy, as well as the history of the <a href="/wiki/United_Mine_Workers" class="mw-redirect" title="United Mine Workers">United Mine Workers</a> (UMW) in <a href="/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia">West Virginia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He has written extensively on the history of the American working class, including the 1921 Battle of Blair Mountain, the 1934 Minneapolis Teamsters strike and Flint Sit-downs in 1936-37. </p><p>White has served as the labor editor of the <a href="/wiki/World_Socialist_Web_Site" title="World Socialist Web Site">World Socialist Web Site</a> since its founding in 1998. As a WSWS reporter, White has written extensively on the <a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Automotive industry in the United States">US auto industry</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and has interviewed autoworkers in <a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>White is also the Editor of the <i>World Socialist Web Site Autoworkers Newsletter</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> White announced the creation of the <i>WSWS Autoworker Newsletter</i> in July 2015, as a means to oppose "UAW Nationalism", pension cuts, poverty wages, and unemployment, and to call for the abolishment of the two-tier wage system, and develop international unity among autoworkers.<sup id="cite_ref-wsws.org_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wsws.org-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Autoworkers Newsletter played a substantial role in the "No vote" carried out by Fiat Chrysler workers and Nexteer workers in 2015 against the proposed contract.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The newsletter and the WSWS played a role in rallying support for GM workers in Silao, Mexico who were fired in 2019 for refusing to work overtime during strike by GM workers in the US and encouraging workers to shut down the auto industry protect autoworkers from the spread of COVID-19 in March 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Autoworker Newsletter supported Mack Trucks worker Will Lehman who ran as a socialist candidate for United Auto Workers president in 2022 and Lehman’s lawsuit opposing the disenfranchisement of UAW members.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2023, White interviewed autoworkers and commented extensively on UAW President Shawn Fain’s “stand up strike” and the UAW labor agreements, which have opened the door for massive job cuts in the global auto industry. White denounced Fain’s endorsement of US President Biden, writing a comment titled, “The UAW apparatus backed the war criminal in the White House.”<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During his early years in the Workers League, White also served as editor of its youth newspaper, the Young Socialist, and interviewed <a href="/wiki/Gary_Tyler" title="Gary Tyler">Gary Tyler</a> in <a href="/wiki/Angola_State_Penitentiary" class="mw-redirect" title="Angola State Penitentiary">Angola State Penitentiary</a> in Louisiana in 1985. In 1974, the 16-year-old black youth was arrested and falsely accused of murder in a state conspiracy backed by Ku Klux Klan leader David Duke. In 2016, Gary was released after serving 42 years in prison, including many on death row, and recently reconnected with several party members who campaigned for his freedom, including White, during an exhibit of his artwork in Detroit. </p><p>White was active in the 1993 Citizens Inquiry into the Mack Avenue Fire, which opposed the witch hunt of the parents of seven children killed in a Detroit house fire that occurred after the city and electric company shut off utilities to the impoverished family.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> White was also active in Detroit's Committee Against Utility Shutoffs (CAUS) and organized hearings on fires in low-income neighborhoods.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-shutoffs_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shutoffs-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 2013, White participated in the Socialist Equality Party’s protest against the threatened sale of artwork at the Detroit Institute of Arts and gave introductory report to the Workers Inquiry into the Bankruptcy of Detroit and the Attack on the DIA & Pensions on February 15, 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On January 24, 2021, White was invited to speak on the Jimmy Dore Show to discuss the strike by Hunts Point produce workers in New York City. The YouTube personality brought White on without informing him that Dore’s previous guest was a member of the Boogaloo Boys, an armed far-right militia group that actively participated in <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Trump</a>’s <a href="/wiki/January_6_coup_attempt" class="mw-redirect" title="January 6 coup attempt">January 6 coup attempt</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Gretchen_Whitmer_kidnapping_plot" title="Gretchen Whitmer kidnapping plot">plot to kidnap and murder Michigan Governor Gretchen Whitmer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>White began by saying the Socialist Equality Party opposes Dore’s strategy and “the idea that somehow there can be unity of left and right.” He continued, “There is a historical precedent. The Nazis called themselves ‘revolutionists’ and opponents of the international Jewish capitalist conspiracy. This has nothing to do with left politics. My movement, the Socialist Equality Party, is seeking to build a genuine movement of the working class. We are above all internationalists. The right wing promotes nationalism.”<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="2024_vice_presidential_campaign">2024 vice presidential campaign</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jerry_White_(socialist)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 2024 vice presidential campaign"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In February 2024, White was selected to be the vice presidential candidate of the Socialist Equality Party (SEP) in the <a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="2024 United States presidential election">2024 United States presidential election</a>. During his campaign he visited various picket lines, anti-genocide protests, and funerals for workers killed in industrial workplaces. </p><p>In May 2024, White visited the site of the Francis Scott Key Bridge disaster in Baltimore, where 6 migrant workers died.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Also in May 2024, White attended the funeral of Tywaun Long, an autoworker at Michigan’s Dearborn Truck Assembly plant, who collapsed at work and later died of a heart attack.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>White gave a speech at a vigil for Gaza organized by the holocaust survivor Rene Lichtman. In his remarks, White stated, "this genocide would not be possible without the military, political and financial support of the Biden administration and both parties in Washington."<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>White also spoke at the July 24 demonstration held by the Socialist Equality Party in Washington D.C. against Netanyahu.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Election_campaigns_(1996-2016)"><span id="Election_campaigns_.281996-2016.29"></span>Election campaigns (1996-2016)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jerry_White_(socialist)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Election campaigns (1996-2016)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1996, White ran as the first presidential candidate for the newly-formed <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Equality_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Equality Party (United States)">Socialist Equality Party</a> (SEP) with vice-presidential candidate Fred Mazelis.<sup id="cite_ref-marxistsorg_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-marxistsorg-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-daily1996_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-daily1996-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2006, White ran for <a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a>'s 12th <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">Congressional</a> district seat as an SEP candidate.<sup id="cite_ref-libcon2006_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-libcon2006-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-indy2006_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-indy2006-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2008, White ran as the SEP presidential candidate with vice-presidential candidate <a href="/wiki/Bill_Van_Auken" title="Bill Van Auken">Bill Van Auken</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-sepvidill_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sepvidill-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-tribegp_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tribegp-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ban2008_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ban2008-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The write-in campaign was accompanied by a redesign of the Socialist Equality Party's website, which would rehost articles written by both candidates for the <a href="/wiki/World_Socialist_Web_Site" title="World Socialist Web Site">World Socialist Web Site</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ipr_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ipr-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-daily2008_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-daily2008-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Reporting on a campaign speech by White at the University of Michigan, the student newspaper wrote, “White said he is running to provide a political alternative to Obama and McCain, both of whom support the bailout. ‘Both of them are preparing to issue a joint statement urging the passage of what would be the greatest theft of public assets in the history of the country, to bail out financial speculators at the direct expense of working people,’ he said. ‘We’re running in order to make the case for a socialist alternative. If the resources of the country have to be mobilized to avert a financial catastrophe, then the great financial institutions should be put under the public and democratic ownership of the working people.’”<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2012, White ran as the SEP presidential candidate with vice-presidential candidate Phyllis Scherrer. The campaign was announced from the Cooper Tire factories in <a href="/wiki/Findlay,_Ohio" title="Findlay, Ohio">Findlay, Ohio</a>, where workers were locked out for contesting contract negotiations.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The White-Scherrer ticket was on the ballot in <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a>, and had <a href="/wiki/Write-in_candidate" title="Write-in candidate">write-in</a> status for <a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a>. White visited <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a> to campaign for socialism and an international working-class movement.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>White's 2012 presidential campaign kept five core components: <a href="/wiki/Social_equality" title="Social equality">social equality</a>, <a href="/wiki/Proletarian_internationalism" title="Proletarian internationalism">international unity in the working class</a>, rejection of austerity, opposition to <a href="/wiki/Imperialism" title="Imperialism">imperialist</a> <a href="/wiki/Militarism" title="Militarism">militarism</a> and the assault on <a href="/wiki/Civil_and_political_rights" title="Civil and political rights">democratic rights</a>, and opposition to the political subordination of the <a href="/wiki/Working_class" title="Working class">working class</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democrats</a> and <a href="/wiki/Republican_party_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Republican party (United States)">Republicans</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> White's campaign indicted the <a href="/wiki/Great_Recession" title="Great Recession">crisis</a> that arose from the <a href="/wiki/Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308" class="mw-redirect" title="Financial crisis of 2007–08">2008 global financial crash</a> as evidence of the failure of capitalism to organize society in a productive manner, and called for the building of an independent socialist movement and called for social rights to <a href="/wiki/Right_to_housing" title="Right to housing">housing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Retirement" title="Retirement">retirement</a>, <a href="/wiki/Right_to_food" title="Right to food">food</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Right_to_education" title="Right to education">education</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2016, White ran as the SEP presidential candidate with vice-presidential candidate Niles Niemuth.<sup id="cite_ref-winger2016_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-winger2016-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In an interview with <a href="/wiki/Russia_Today" class="mw-redirect" title="Russia Today">Russia Today</a>, White explained, “For years social opposition has been channeled back into the Democratic Party, which has presented itself as a “people’s party,” pointing to role of the leaders of the 2003 anti-war protests, the Occupy Wall Street and the Sanders campaign. “There is no national solution for American workers or Greek workers, we’re confronting huge transnational corporations that can only be fought through the international unity of the working class.”<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> Speaking to the Legal Reader during 2016 campaign, White was asked to explain the difference between the Socialist Equality Party and those groups the SEP refers to as the “pseudo left.” White explained that the Socialist Equality Party traces its roots back to the political struggle by Leon Trotsky for revolutionary internationalism against Stalinist bureaucracy’s nationalist and reactionary program of “socialism in a single country.” After World War II, the orthodox Trotskyists, White said, had to fight and ultimately defeat political tendencies associated with Michel Pablo and Ernest Mandel, which tried to liquidate the Fourth International into the existing Stalinist, Social Democratic, bourgeois nationalist and trade union apparatuses.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><blockquote><p>“So, we call them ‘pseudo-left’ not as an epithet but to describe those organizations that present themselves as sort of anti-establishment or even in some cases socialist, but whose politics are pro-war and articulate the interests of the top ten percent, that layer of the upper middle class that does have some real concerns over how wealth is being distributed at the top and is really concerned about, you know, getting its own cut of the spoils. But they’re not looking to overthrow capitalism.”<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jerry_White_(socialist)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a 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class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Winger" title="Richard Winger">Winger, Richard</a> (2016-04-22). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ballot-access.org/2016/04/22/socialist-equality-party-announces-national-ticket/">"Socialist Equality Party Announces National Ticket"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ballot_Access_News" title="Ballot Access News">Ballot Access News</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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href="http://www.wsws.org/articles/2011/dec2011/linc-d14.shtml">Contract workers denounce low wages in US auto industry</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/World_Socialist_Web_Site" title="World Socialist Web Site">World Socialist Web Site</a></i>, 14 December 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wsws.org/articles/2010/oct2010/pers-o07.shtml">UAW expands drive to cut auto workers’ pay</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/World_Socialist_Web_Site" title="World Socialist Web Site">World Socialist Web Site</a></i>, 7 October 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wsws.org/articles/2010/dec2010/auto-d07.shtml">"In the mid-1980s my parents said the UAW was not for us:" Interview with Ohio auto parts 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class="external text" href="https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2015/07/15/auto-j15.html">Socialist Equality Party launches digital WSWS Autoworker Newsletter</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uawgmtalks.wordpress.com/2015/10/05/member-rejection-of-fca-collective-bargaining-agreement-is-uaw-democracy-in-action/">Member Rejection of FCA Collective Bargaining Agreement is UAW Democracy in Action</a>, UAWGMTalks, 5 October 2015</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2019/12/11/camp-d11.html">Fired Mexican GM workers issue open letter to American workers</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2020/03/14/awnl-m14.html">Shut down the auto industry to halt the spread of coronavirus!</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.willforuawpresident.org/">Will Lehman campaign page</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.detroitnews.com/story/business/autos/2022/11/17/as-ballot-deadline-nears-uaw-presidential-candidate-sues-for-extension/69655320007/">As ballot deadline nears, UAW presidential candidate sues for extension</a>, The Detroit News</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-10-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=What+to+expect+from+Israel-Gaza+war+protests+during+Netanyahu%E2%80%99s+visit&rft.date=2024-07-22&rft.issn=0190-8286&rft.aulast=Silverman&rft.aufirst=Ellie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fdc-md-va%2F2024%2F07%2F21%2Fdc-protests-netanyahu-congress-israel-gaza%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerry+White+%28socialist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-marxistsorg-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-marxistsorg_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marxists.org/history/usa/government/elections/president/timeline.htm">U.S. Presidential Elections: Leftist Votes</a>, Marxists.org.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-daily1996-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-daily1996_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=uvpJAAAAIBAJ&sjid=_R0NAAAAIBAJ&pg=5237,618159&dq=jerry-white+socialist&hl=en">Socialist Equality candidates fight police, school board over free speech</a>, Michigan Daily, 6 September 1996.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-libcon2006-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-libcon2006_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lcweb2.loc.gov/diglib/lcwa/mrva0017.0584/default.html">Library of Congress Archives</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-indy2006-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-indy2006_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://portland.indymedia.org/en/2006/05/339403.shtml">Socialist Equality Party to contest state elections in Illinois, Maine, Oregon and WA</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131109012034/http://portland.indymedia.org/en/2006/05/339403.shtml">Archived</a> 2013-11-09 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Portland Independent Media Center, 14 May 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sepvidill-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sepvidill_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EXqrN6IpB1E&feature=player_embedded">Jerry White Speaks at University of Illinois-Chicago</a>, World Socialist Web Site, 3 November 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tribegp-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tribegp_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://greenparty.tribe.net/thread/41bd9f92-2a99-4ce7-b723-0d9e65176ee8">McKinney and White on the Economic Crisis</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131109012954/http://greenparty.tribe.net/thread/41bd9f92-2a99-4ce7-b723-0d9e65176ee8">Archived</a> 2013-11-09 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Tribe, 19 September 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ban2008-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ban2008_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ballot-access.org/2008/10/29/socialist-equality-party-takes-steps-to-receive-votes-for-president/">Socialist Equality Party Takes Steps to Receive Votes for President</a>, Ballot Access News, 29 October 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ipr-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ipr_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.independentpoliticalreport.com/2008/09/socialist-equality-party-revamps-website/">Socialist Equality Party revamps website</a>, Independent Political Report, 18 September 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-daily2008-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-daily2008_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=DwlbAAAAIBAJ&sjid=GE4NAAAAIBAJ&pg=4815,1436479&dq=jerry-white+socialist&hl=en">Socialist presidential candidate visits campus</a>, Michigan Daily, 24 September 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.michigandaily.com/uncategorized/socialism/">In campus speech, socialist presidential hopeful bashes Wall Street bailout plan</a>, Michigan Daily, 24 September 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrewer2012" class="citation web cs1">Brewer, James (16 February 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2012/02/coop-f16.html">"SEP presidential candidate gives press conference, speaks to workers in Findlay, Ohio"</a>. <i>World Socialist Web Site</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Socialist+Web+Site&rft.atitle=SEP+presidential+candidate+gives+press+conference%2C+speaks+to+workers+in+Findlay%2C+Ohio&rft.date=2012-02-16&rft.aulast=Brewer&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsws.org%2Fen%2Farticles%2F2012%2F02%2Fcoop-f16.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerry+White+%28socialist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ireport.cnn.com/docs/DOC-839178">"Jerry White, US Presidential Candidate, Speaks at The Humboldt University in Berlin"</a>. <i>CNN</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Jerry+White%2C+US+Presidential+Candidate%2C+Speaks+at+The+Humboldt+University+in+Berlin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fireport.cnn.com%2Fdocs%2FDOC-839178&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerry+White+%28socialist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCellania2012" class="citation web cs1">Cellania, Miss (4 September 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mentalfloss.com/article/12440/15-third-party-presidential-candidates">"15 Third-Party Presidential Candidates"</a>. <i>Mental Floss</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mental+Floss&rft.atitle=15+Third-Party+Presidential+Candidates&rft.date=2012-09-04&rft.aulast=Cellania&rft.aufirst=Miss&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmentalfloss.com%2Farticle%2F12440%2F15-third-party-presidential-candidates&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerry+White+%28socialist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?p=EAIM&u=anon~a8b1c690&id=GALE%7CA555881065&v=2.1&it=r&sid=sitemap&asid=0edaf4ae">"Jerry White speaks in Champaign to kick start his 3rd party presidential campaign - Document - Gale Academic OneFile Select"</a>. <i>go.gale.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-02-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=go.gale.com&rft.atitle=Jerry+White+speaks+in+Champaign+to+kick+start+his+3rd+party+presidential+campaign+-+Document+-+Gale+Academic+OneFile+Select&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgo.gale.com%2Fps%2Fi.do%3Fp%3DEAIM%26u%3Danon~a8b1c690%26id%3DGALE%257CA555881065%26v%3D2.1%26it%3Dr%26sid%3Dsitemap%26asid%3D0edaf4ae&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerry+White+%28socialist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dailymotion.com/video/xt8x8r">US has best gov't money can buy</a>, Russia Today</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaton2016" class="citation web cs1">Caton, Jim (2016-09-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.legalreader.com/an-interview-with-jerry-white/">"An Interview With Jerry White"</a>. <i>Legal Reader</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-02-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Legal+Reader&rft.atitle=An+Interview+With+Jerry+White&rft.date=2016-09-01&rft.aulast=Caton&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.legalreader.com%2Fan-interview-with-jerry-white%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerry+White+%28socialist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaton2016" class="citation web cs1">Caton, Jim (2016-09-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.legalreader.com/an-interview-with-jerry-white/">"An Interview With Jerry White"</a>. <i>Legal Reader</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-02-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Legal+Reader&rft.atitle=An+Interview+With+Jerry+White&rft.date=2016-09-01&rft.aulast=Caton&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.legalreader.com%2Fan-interview-with-jerry-white%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerry+White+%28socialist%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jerry_White_(socialist)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wsws.org/">World Socialist Web Site</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://socialequality.com/">Socialist Equality Party</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120218054650/http://www.socialequality.com/elections/jerome_white">Jerome White</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/1996_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1996 Democratic National Convention">Convention</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/1996_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1996 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Incumbent nominee: <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton_1996_presidential_campaign" title="Bill Clinton 1996 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clintonism" title="Clintonism">positions</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>Incumbent VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/wiki/James_D._Griffin" title="James D. Griffin">James D. Griffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_LaRouche" title="Lyndon LaRouche">Lyndon LaRouche</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_LaRouche_U.S._presidential_campaigns" title="Lyndon LaRouche U.S. presidential campaigns">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Views_of_Lyndon_LaRouche_and_the_LaRouche_movement" title="Views of Lyndon LaRouche and the LaRouche movement">positions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Paulsen" title="Pat Paulsen">Pat Paulsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roland_Riemers" title="Roland Riemers">Roland Riemers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #E81B23;"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/1996_Republican_National_Convention" title="1996 Republican National Convention">Convention</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/1996_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1996 Republican Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Bob_Dole" title="Bob Dole">Bob Dole</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Dole_1996_presidential_campaign" title="Bob Dole 1996 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Jack_Kemp" title="Jack Kemp">Jack Kemp</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/wiki/Lamar_Alexander" title="Lamar Alexander">Lamar Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Buchanan" title="Pat Buchanan">Pat Buchanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_E._Collins_(politician)" title="Charles E. Collins (politician)">Charles E. Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Dornan" title="Bob Dornan">Bob Dornan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Fellure" title="Jack Fellure">Jack Fellure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Fletcher" title="Arthur Fletcher">Arthur Fletcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Forbes" title="Steve Forbes">Steve Forbes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Gramm" title="Phil Gramm">Phil Gramm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Keyes" title="Alan Keyes">Alan Keyes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Lugar" title="Richard Lugar">Richard Lugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabell_Masters" title="Isabell Masters">Isabell Masters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_McMillan" title="Jimmy McMillan">Jimmy McMillan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennie_Rogers" title="Tennie Rogers">Tennie Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arlen_Specter" title="Arlen Specter">Arlen Specter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morry_Taylor" title="Morry Taylor">Morry Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pete_Wilson" title="Pete Wilson">Pete Wilson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #6A287E;"><a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_of_the_United_States_of_America" title="Reform Party of the United States of America">Reform Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1996_Reform_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1996 Reform Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Ross_Perot" title="Ross Perot">Ross Perot</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ross_Perot_1996_presidential_campaign" title="Ross Perot 1996 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Pat_Choate" title="Pat Choate">Pat Choate</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Lamm" title="Richard Lamm">Richard Lamm</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Lamm_1996_presidential_campaign" title="Richard Lamm 1996 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Other_Third-party_and_independent_candidates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other <a href="/wiki/Third_party_(U.S._politics)" title="Third party (U.S. politics)">Third-party</a> and <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">independent</a> <a href="/wiki/1996_United_States_presidential_election" title="1996 United States presidential election">candidates</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #17aa5c;"><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_the_United_States" title="Green Party of the United States">Green Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1996_Green_Party_National_Convention&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1996 Green Party National Convention (page does not exist)">Convention</a></li> <li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Nader" title="Ralph Nader">Ralph Nader</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Nader_1996_presidential_campaign" title="Ralph Nader 1996 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Winona_LaDuke" title="Winona LaDuke">Winona LaDuke</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #50C878;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_Grassroots_Party" title="Independent Grassroots Party">Independent Grassroots Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/John_Birrenbach" title="John Birrenbach">John Birrenbach</a></b></dd> <dt>VP nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/George_McMahon_(activist)" title="George McMahon (activist)">George McMahon</a></b></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FED105;"><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_(United_States)" title="Libertarian Party (United States)">Libertarian Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1996_Libertarian_National_Convention#1996" title="1996 Libertarian National Convention">Convention</a></li> <li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Harry_Browne" title="Harry Browne">Harry Browne</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Jo_Jorgensen" title="Jo Jorgensen">Jo Jorgensen</a></b></li> <li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/wiki/Irwin_Schiff" title="Irwin Schiff">Irwin Schiff</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 NavajoWhite;"><a href="/wiki/Natural_Law_Party_(United_States)" title="Natural Law Party (United States)">Natural Law Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/John_Hagelin" title="John Hagelin">John Hagelin</a></b></dd> <dt>VP nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Mike_Tompkins" title="Mike Tompkins">Mike Tompkins</a></b></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FF00FF;"><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_Party" title="Prohibition Party">Prohibition Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Earl_Dodge" title="Earl Dodge">Earl Dodge</a></b></dd> <dt>VP nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Bubar_Kelly" title="Rachel Bubar Kelly">Rachel Bubar Kelly</a></b></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #CD3700;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_USA" title="Socialist Party USA">Socialist Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Mary_Cal_Hollis" title="Mary Cal Hollis">Mary Cal Hollis </a></b></dd> <dt>VP nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Eric_Chester" title="Eric Chester">Eric Chester</a></b></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #AA0000;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Workers_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Workers Party (United States)">Socialist Workers Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/James_Harris_(Socialist_Workers_Party_politician)" title="James Harris (Socialist Workers Party politician)">James Harris</a></b></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #A356DE;"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Party_(United_States)" title="Constitution Party (United States)">U.S. Taxpayers Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Howard_Phillips_(activist)" title="Howard Phillips (activist)">Howard Phillips</a></b></dd> <dt>VP nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Herb_Titus" class="mw-redirect" title="Herb Titus">Herb Titus</a></b></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FF33AA;"><a href="/wiki/Workers_World_Party" title="Workers World Party">Workers World Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Monica_Moorehead" title="Monica Moorehead">Monica Moorehead</a></b></dd> <dt>VP nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Gloria_La_Riva" title="Gloria La Riva">Gloria La Riva</a></b></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #DDDDBB;">Independents and other candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Joan_Jett_Blakk" title="Joan Jett Blakk">Joan Jett Blakk</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Marsha_Feinland" title="Marsha Feinland">Marsha Feinland</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Isabell_Masters" title="Isabell Masters">Isabell Masters</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Steve_Michael" title="Steve Michael">Steve Michael</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Peron" title="Dennis Peron">Dennis Peron</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>Other 1996 elections</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/1996_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1996 United States House of Representatives elections">House</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/1996_United_States_Senate_elections" title="1996 United States Senate elections">Senate</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/1996_United_States_gubernatorial_elections" title="1996 United States gubernatorial elections">Gubernatorial</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="(←_2004)_2008_United_States_presidential_election_(2012_→)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template:2008 United States presidential election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template talk:2008 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:2008 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="(←_2004)_2008_United_States_presidential_election_(2012_→)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">(<a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_presidential_election" title="2004 United States presidential election">← 2004</a>) <a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="2008 United States presidential election">2008 United States presidential election</a> (<a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="2012 United States presidential election">2012 →</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:2008_United_States_elections" title="Template:2008 United States elections">2008 United States elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_candidates_in_the_2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="List of candidates in the 2008 United States presidential election">Candidates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_the_2008_United_States_presidential_candidates" title="Comparison of the 2008 United States presidential candidates">Comparison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_debates" title="2008 United States presidential debates">Debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_endorsements_for_the_2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="Congressional endorsements for the 2008 United States presidential election">Congressional endorsements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundraising_for_the_2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="Fundraising for the 2008 United States presidential election">Fundraising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballot_access_for_the_2008_United_States_presidential_election" class="mw-redirect" title="Ballot access for the 2008 United States presidential election">Ballot access</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="Timeline of the 2008 United States presidential election">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Tuesday,_2008" title="Super Tuesday, 2008">Super Tuesday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potomac_primary" title="Potomac primary">Potomac primary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Super_Tuesday_II" title="2008 Super Tuesday II">Super Tuesday II</a></li> <li>Polls <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nationwide_opinion_polling_for_the_2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="Nationwide opinion polling for the 2008 United States presidential election">national</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statewide_opinion_polling_for_the_2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="Statewide opinion polling for the 2008 United States presidential election">statewide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_opinion_polling_for_the_2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="International opinion polling for the 2008 United States presidential election">international</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #3333FF;"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a><br /><span style="color:#f598e2;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Working_Families_Party" title="Working Families Party">WFP</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2008 Democratic National Convention">Convention</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_superdelegates_at_the_2008_Democratic_National_Convention" title="List of superdelegates at the 2008 Democratic National Convention">superdelegates</a></li></ul></li> <li>Polls <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statewide_opinion_polling_for_the_2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Statewide opinion polling for the 2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries">statewide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationwide_opinion_polling_for_the_2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Nationwide opinion polling for the 2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries">national</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_debates_and_forums" title="2008 Democratic Party presidential debates and forums">Debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Results of the 2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Primary results</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="2008 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection">VP candidate selection</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_candidates" title="2008 Democratic Party presidential candidates">Candidates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Barack Obama 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Barack_Obama" title="Political positions of Barack Obama">positions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Barack_Obama_2008_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Barack Obama 2008 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republican_and_conservative_support_for_Barack_Obama_in_2008" title="Republican and conservative support for Barack Obama in 2008">cross-party</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Joe_Biden" title="Political positions of Joe Biden">positions</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/wiki/Evan_Bayh" title="Evan Bayh">Evan Bayh</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evan_Bayh_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Evan Bayh 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Joe Biden 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Joe_Biden" title="Political positions of Joe Biden">positions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Hillary Clinton 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Hillary_Clinton" title="Political positions of Hillary Clinton">positions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hillary_Clinton_2008_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Hillary Clinton 2008 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Dodd" title="Chris Dodd">Chris Dodd</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Dodd_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Chris Dodd 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Edwards" title="John Edwards">John Edwards</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Edwards_2008_presidential_campaign" title="John Edwards 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_John_Edwards" title="Political positions of John Edwards">positions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Gravel" title="Mike Gravel">Mike Gravel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Gravel_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Mike Gravel 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Kucinich" title="Dennis Kucinich">Dennis Kucinich</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Kucinich_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Dennis Kucinich 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Richardson" title="Bill Richardson">Bill Richardson</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Richardson_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Bill Richardson 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Vilsack" title="Tom Vilsack">Tom Vilsack</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Vilsack_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Tom Vilsack 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #E81B23;"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a><br /><span style="color:#FF8C00;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_New_York_State" title="Conservative Party of New York State">CPNY</a> · <span style="color:#FFC14E;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Independence_Party_of_New_York" title="Independence Party of New York">IPNY</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2008_Republican_National_Convention" title="2008 Republican National Convention">Convention</a></li> <li>Polls <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statewide_opinion_polling_for_the_2008_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Statewide opinion polling for the 2008 Republican Party presidential primaries">statewide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationwide_opinion_polling_for_the_2008_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Nationwide opinion polling for the 2008 Republican Party presidential primaries">national</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Republican_Party_presidential_debates_and_forums" title="2008 Republican Party presidential debates and forums">Debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_the_2008_Republican_Party_presidential_primary_candidates" title="Political positions of the 2008 Republican Party presidential primary candidates">Political positions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2008 Republican Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_2008_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Results of the 2008 Republican Party presidential primaries">Primary results</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Republican_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="2008 Republican Party vice presidential candidate selection">VP candidate selection</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/John_McCain" title="John McCain">John McCain</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_McCain_2008_presidential_campaign" title="John McCain 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_John_McCain" title="Political positions of John McCain">positions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_John_McCain_2008_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of John McCain 2008 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_and_liberal_support_for_John_McCain_in_2008" title="Democratic and liberal support for John McCain in 2008">cross-party</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Palin" title="Sarah Palin">Sarah Palin</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vice_presidential_candidacy_of_Sarah_Palin" title="Vice presidential candidacy of Sarah Palin">candidacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Sarah_Palin" title="Political positions of Sarah Palin">positions</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/2008_Republican_Party_presidential_candidates" title="2008 Republican Party presidential candidates">Other candidates</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Sam_Brownback" title="Sam Brownback">Sam Brownback</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Brownback_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Sam Brownback 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_H._Cox" title="John H. Cox">John H. Cox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Gilmore" title="Jim Gilmore">Jim Gilmore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Gilmore_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Jim Gilmore 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudy_Giuliani" title="Rudy Giuliani">Rudy Giuliani</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rudy_Giuliani_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Rudy Giuliani 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Rudy_Giuliani" title="Political positions of Rudy Giuliani">positions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Huckabee" title="Mike Huckabee">Mike Huckabee</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Huckabee_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Mike Huckabee 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Mike_Huckabee" title="Political positions of Mike Huckabee">positions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duncan_L._Hunter" title="Duncan L. Hunter">Duncan L. Hunter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duncan_L._Hunter_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Duncan L. Hunter 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Keyes" title="Alan Keyes">Alan Keyes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Keyes_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Alan Keyes 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_McKinney" title="Ray McKinney">Ray McKinney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Paul" title="Ron Paul">Ron Paul</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Paul_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Ron Paul 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Ron_Paul" title="Political positions of Ron Paul">positions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitt_Romney" title="Mitt Romney">Mitt Romney</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mitt_Romney_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Mitt Romney 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Mitt_Romney" title="Political positions of Mitt Romney">positions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Tancredo" title="Tom Tancredo">Tom Tancredo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Tancredo_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Tom Tancredo 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Thompson" title="Fred Thompson">Fred Thompson</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Thompson_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Fred Thompson 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Thompson" title="Tommy Thompson">Tommy Thompson</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Thompson_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Tommy Thompson 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Draft_(politics)" title="Draft (politics)">Draft movements</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Democratic:</b> <a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Warner" title="Mark Warner">Mark Warner</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Draft_Mark_Warner_movement" title="Draft Mark Warner movement">movement</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>Republican:</b> <a href="/wiki/Newt_Gingrich" title="Newt Gingrich">Newt Gingrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Condoleezza_Rice" title="Condoleezza Rice">Condoleezza Rice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Draft_Condi_movement" title="Draft Condi movement">movement</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Bloomberg" title="Michael Bloomberg">Michael Bloomberg</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Draft_Bloomberg_movement" title="Draft Bloomberg movement">movement</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Third_party_and_independent_candidates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Third_party_(U.S._politics)" title="Third party (U.S. politics)">Third party</a> and <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">independent</a> <a href="/wiki/Third-party_and_independent_candidates_for_the_2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="Third-party and independent candidates for the 2008 United States presidential election">candidates</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #A356DE;; font-weight:normal"><b><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Party_(United_States)" title="Constitution Party (United States)">Constitution Party</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/Constitution_Party_National_Convention" title="Constitution Party National Convention">convention</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Baldwin" title="Chuck Baldwin">Chuck Baldwin</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Baldwin_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Chuck Baldwin 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: Darrell Castle</b></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Imperato" class="mw-redirect" title="Daniel Imperato">Daniel Imperato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Keyes" title="Alan Keyes">Alan Keyes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Keyes_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Alan Keyes 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #17aa5c;; font-weight:normal"><b><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_the_United_States" title="Green Party of the United States">Green Party</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/2008_Green_National_Convention" title="2008 Green National Convention">convention</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Cynthia_McKinney" title="Cynthia McKinney">Cynthia McKinney</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cynthia_McKinney_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Cynthia McKinney 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Cynthia_McKinney" class="mw-redirect" title="Political positions of Cynthia McKinney">positions</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Rosa_Clemente" title="Rosa Clemente">Rosa Clemente</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/wiki/Elaine_Brown" title="Elaine Brown">Elaine Brown</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FED105;; font-weight:normal"><b><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_(United_States)" title="Libertarian Party (United States)">Libertarian Party</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/2008_Libertarian_National_Convention" title="2008 Libertarian National Convention">convention</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Bob_Barr" title="Bob Barr">Bob Barr</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Barr_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Bob Barr 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Bob_Barr" class="mw-redirect" title="Political positions of Bob Barr">positions</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Wayne_Allyn_Root" title="Wayne Allyn Root">Wayne Allyn Root</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/wiki/Mike_Gravel" title="Mike Gravel">Mike Gravel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Gravel_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Mike Gravel 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Kubby" title="Steve Kubby">Steve Kubby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Allyn_Root" title="Wayne Allyn Root">Wayne Allyn Root</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Ruwart" title="Mary Ruwart">Mary Ruwart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doug_Stanhope" title="Doug Stanhope">Doug Stanhope</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #800080;">America's Independent Party</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Alan_Keyes" title="Alan Keyes">Alan Keyes</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Keyes_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Alan Keyes 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: Brian Rohrbough</b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 yellow;"><a href="/wiki/Boston_Tea_Party_(political_party)" title="Boston Tea Party (political party)">Boston Tea Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Jay" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Jay">Charles Jay</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #F8F9FA;"><a href="/wiki/Objectivist_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Objectivist Party">Objectivist Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Tom_Stevens_(Objectivist_Party_politician)" title="Tom Stevens (Objectivist Party politician)">Tom Stevens</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #00FF00;"><a href="/wiki/Peace_and_Freedom_Party" title="Peace and Freedom Party">Peace and Freedom Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Nader" title="Ralph Nader">Ralph Nader</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Nader_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Ralph Nader 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Matt_Gonzalez" title="Matt Gonzalez">Matt Gonzalez</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/wiki/Gloria_La_Riva" title="Gloria La Riva">Gloria La Riva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cynthia_McKinney" title="Cynthia McKinney">Cynthia McKinney</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cynthia_McKinney_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Cynthia McKinney 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Moore_(political_activist)" title="Brian Moore (political activist)">Brian Moore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Moore_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Brian Moore 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FF00FF;"><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_Party" title="Prohibition Party">Prohibition Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Gene_Amondson" title="Gene Amondson">Gene Amondson</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #6A287E;"><a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_of_the_United_States_of_America" title="Reform Party of the United States of America">Reform Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Ted_Weill" title="Ted Weill">Ted Weill</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: Frank McEnulty</b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 red;"><a href="/wiki/Party_for_Socialism_and_Liberation" title="Party for Socialism and Liberation">Socialism and Liberation Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Gloria_La_Riva" title="Gloria La Riva">Gloria La Riva</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Puryear" title="Eugene Puryear">Eugene Puryear</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #CD3700;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_USA" title="Socialist Party USA">Socialist Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Brian_Moore_(political_activist)" title="Brian Moore (political activist)">Brian Moore</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Moore_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Brian Moore 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Stewart_Alexander" title="Stewart Alexander">Stewart Alexander</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/wiki/Eric_Chester" title="Eric Chester">Eric Chester</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #AA0000;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Workers_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Workers Party (United States)">Socialist Workers Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/R%C3%B3ger_Calero" title="Róger Calero">Róger Calero</a></b></li> <li><b>Alternate nominee: <a href="/wiki/James_Harris_(Socialist_Workers_Party_politician)" title="James Harris (Socialist Workers Party politician)">James Harris</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Alyson_Kennedy" title="Alyson Kennedy">Alyson Kennedy</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #DDDDBB;">Independent / Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Boss" title="Jeff Boss">Jeff Boss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Colbert_(character)" title="Stephen Colbert (character)">Stephen Colbert</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Colbert_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Stephen Colbert 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Dodge" title="Earl Dodge">Earl Dodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bradford_Lyttle" title="Bradford Lyttle">Bradford Lyttle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Moore_(performance_artist)" title="Frank Moore (performance artist)">Frank Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Schriner" title="Joe Schriner">Joe Schriner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathon_Sharkey" title="Jonathon Sharkey">Jonathon Sharkey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold;"><div> <ul><li>Other 2008 elections: <a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="2008 United States House of Representatives elections">House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_Senate_elections" title="2008 United States Senate elections">Senate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_gubernatorial_elections" title="2008 United States gubernatorial elections">Gubernatorial</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="(←_2008)_2012_United_States_presidential_election_(2016_→)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template:2012 United States presidential election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template talk:2012 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:2012 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="(←_2008)_2012_United_States_presidential_election_(2016_→)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">(<a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="2008 United States presidential election">← 2008</a>) <a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="2012 United States presidential election">2012 United States presidential election</a> (<a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">2016 →</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fundraising_for_the_2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="Fundraising for the 2012 United States presidential election">Fundraising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationwide_opinion_polling_for_the_2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="Nationwide opinion polling for the 2012 United States presidential election">National polls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statewide_opinion_polling_for_the_2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="Statewide opinion polling for the 2012 United States presidential election">Statewide polls</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pre-2012_statewide_opinion_polling_for_the_2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="Pre-2012 statewide opinion polling for the 2012 United States presidential election">pre-2012</a>, <a href="/wiki/Early/Mid_2012_statewide_opinion_polling_for_the_2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="Early/Mid 2012 statewide opinion polling for the 2012 United States presidential election">early 2012</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="Timeline of the 2012 United States presidential election">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_debates" title="2012 United States presidential debates">General election debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newspaper_endorsements_in_the_2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="Newspaper endorsements in the 2012 United States presidential election">Newspaper endorsements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_impact_of_Hurricane_Sandy" title="Political impact of Hurricane Sandy">Hurricane Sandy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #3333FF;">Democratic Party</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2012_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2012 Democratic National Convention">Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2012 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_2012_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Results of the 2012 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Results</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/2012_Democratic_Party_presidential_candidates" title="2012 Democratic Party presidential candidates">Candidates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Incumbent nominee: <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_2012_presidential_campaign" title="Barack Obama 2012 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Barack_Obama_2012_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Barack Obama 2012 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Barack_Obama" title="Political positions of Barack Obama">positions</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>Incumbent VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Joe_Biden" title="Political positions of Joe Biden">positions</a></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dt>Challengers</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bob_Ely" title="Bob Ely">Bob Ely</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Keith_Judd" title="Keith Judd">Keith Judd</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Warren_Mosler" title="Warren Mosler">Warren Mosler</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vermin_Supreme" title="Vermin Supreme">Vermin Supreme</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Randall_Terry" title="Randall Terry">Randall Terry</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_Wolfe_Jr." title="John Wolfe Jr.">John Wolfe</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #E81B23;">Republican Party</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2012_Republican_National_Convention" title="2012 Republican National Convention">Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2012 Republican Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Republican_Party_presidential_debates_and_forums" title="2012 Republican Party presidential debates and forums">Debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statewide_opinion_polling_for_the_2012_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Statewide opinion polling for the 2012 Republican Party presidential primaries">Statewide polls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationwide_opinion_polling_for_the_2012_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Nationwide opinion polling for the 2012 Republican Party presidential primaries">National polls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straw_polls_for_the_2012_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Straw polls for the 2012 Republican Party presidential primaries">Straw polls</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/2012_Republican_Party_presidential_candidates" title="2012 Republican Party presidential candidates">Candidates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Mitt_Romney" title="Mitt Romney">Mitt Romney</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mitt_Romney_2012_presidential_campaign" title="Mitt Romney 2012 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mitt_Romney_2012_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Mitt Romney 2012 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Mitt_Romney" title="Political positions of Mitt Romney">positions</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Ryan" title="Paul Ryan">Paul Ryan</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Paul_Ryan" title="Political positions of Paul Ryan">positions</a></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dt>Other candidates</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Michele_Bachmann" title="Michele Bachmann">Michele Bachmann</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Michele_Bachmann_2012_presidential_campaign" title="Michele Bachmann 2012 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Herman_Cain" title="Herman Cain">Herman Cain</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Herman_Cain_2012_presidential_campaign" title="Herman Cain 2012 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Herman_Cain" title="Political positions of Herman Cain">positions</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mark_Callahan" title="Mark Callahan">Mark Callahan</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jack_Fellure" title="Jack Fellure">Jack Fellure</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Newt_Gingrich" title="Newt Gingrich">Newt Gingrich</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Newt_Gingrich_2012_presidential_campaign" title="Newt Gingrich 2012 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Newt_Gingrich" title="Political positions of Newt Gingrich">positions</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Stewart_Greenleaf" title="Stewart Greenleaf">Stewart Greenleaf</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_Davis_Jr._(2012_presidential_candidate)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Davis Jr. (2012 presidential candidate)">John Davis</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jon_Huntsman_Jr." title="Jon Huntsman Jr.">Jon Huntsman</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Jon_Huntsman_2012_presidential_campaign" title="Jon Huntsman 2012 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gary_Johnson" title="Gary Johnson">Gary Johnson</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Gary_Johnson_2012_presidential_campaign" title="Gary Johnson 2012 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Fred_Karger" title="Fred Karger">Fred Karger</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Andy_Martin" title="Andy Martin">Andy Martin</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thaddeus_McCotter" title="Thaddeus McCotter">Thaddeus McCotter</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Thaddeus_McCotter_2012_presidential_campaign" title="Thaddeus McCotter 2012 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_McMillan" title="Jimmy McMillan">Jimmy McMillan</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Roy_Moore" title="Roy Moore">Roy Moore</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ron_Paul" title="Ron Paul">Ron Paul</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Ron_Paul_2012_presidential_campaign" title="Ron Paul 2012 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Ron_Paul" title="Political positions of Ron Paul">positions</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tim_Pawlenty" title="Tim Pawlenty">Tim Pawlenty</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Tim_Pawlenty_2012_presidential_campaign" title="Tim Pawlenty 2012 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rick_Perry" title="Rick Perry">Rick Perry</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Rick_Perry_2012_presidential_campaign" title="Rick Perry 2012 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Rick_Perry" title="Political positions of Rick Perry">positions</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Buddy_Roemer" title="Buddy Roemer">Buddy Roemer</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Buddy_Roemer_2012_presidential_campaign" title="Buddy Roemer 2012 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rick_Santorum" title="Rick Santorum">Rick Santorum</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Rick_Santorum_2012_presidential_campaign" title="Rick Santorum 2012 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FED105;">Libertarian Party</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2012_Libertarian_National_Convention" title="2012 Libertarian National Convention">Convention</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Gary_Johnson" title="Gary Johnson">Gary Johnson</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Johnson_2012_presidential_campaign" title="Gary Johnson 2012 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Jim_Gray_(jurist)" title="Jim Gray (jurist)">Jim Gray</a></b></li></ul> <dl><dt>Other candidates</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Carl_Person" title="Carl Person">Carl Person</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sam_Sloan" title="Sam Sloan">Sam Sloan</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #17aa5c;">Green Party</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2012_Green_National_Convention" title="2012 Green National Convention">Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Green_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2012 Green Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Jill_Stein" title="Jill Stein">Jill Stein</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jill_Stein_2012_presidential_campaign" title="Jill Stein 2012 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Cheri_Honkala" title="Cheri Honkala">Cheri Honkala</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/wiki/Stewart_Alexander" title="Stewart Alexander">Stewart Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roseanne_Barr" title="Roseanne Barr">Roseanne Barr</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Other_third-party_and_independent_candidates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other <a href="/wiki/Third-party_and_independent_candidates_for_the_2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="Third-party and independent candidates for the 2012 United States presidential election">third-party and independent candidates</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #800080;"><a href="/wiki/American_Independent_Party" title="American Independent Party">American Independent Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Tom_Hoefling" title="Tom Hoefling">Tom Hoefling</a></b></li> <li>Other candidates: <a href="/wiki/Wiley_Drake" title="Wiley Drake">Wiley Drake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgil_Goode" title="Virgil Goode">Virgil Goode</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virgil_Goode_2012_presidential_campaign" title="Virgil Goode 2012 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_C._Noonan" title="Edward C. Noonan">Edward C. Noonan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurie_Roth" title="Laurie Roth">Laurie Roth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #F8F9FA;"><a href="/wiki/American_Freedom_Party" title="American Freedom Party">American Third Position Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Merlin_Miller" title="Merlin Miller">Merlin Miller</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Abernethy" title="Virginia Abernethy">Virginia Abernethy</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #A356DE;"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Party_(United_States)" title="Constitution Party (United States)">Constitution Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2012_Constitution_Party_National_Convention" class="mw-redirect" title="2012 Constitution Party National Convention">Convention</a></li> <li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Virgil_Goode" title="Virgil Goode">Virgil Goode</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virgil_Goode_2012_presidential_campaign" title="Virgil Goode 2012 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: Jim Clymer</b></li> <li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/wiki/Laurie_Roth" title="Laurie Roth">Laurie Roth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robby_Wells" title="Robby Wells">Robby Wells</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 red;"><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Socialist_Party" title="Freedom Socialist Party">Freedom Socialist Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: Stephen Durham</b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #50C878;"><a href="/wiki/Grassroots%E2%80%93Legalize_Cannabis_Party" title="Grassroots–Legalize Cannabis Party">Grassroots Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Jim_Carlson_(businessman)" title="Jim Carlson (businessman)">Jim Carlson</a></b></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #ADD8E6;"><a href="/wiki/Justice_Party_(United_States)" title="Justice Party (United States)">Justice Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Rocky_Anderson" title="Rocky Anderson">Rocky Anderson</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Luis_J._Rodriguez" title="Luis J. Rodriguez">Luis J. Rodriguez</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 red;"><a href="/wiki/Party_for_Socialism_and_Liberation" title="Party for Socialism and Liberation">Socialism and Liberation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Peta_Lindsay" title="Peta Lindsay">Peta Lindsay</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #00FF00;"><a href="/wiki/Peace_and_Freedom_Party" title="Peace and Freedom Party">Peace and Freedom Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Roseanne_Barr" title="Roseanne Barr">Roseanne Barr</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Cindy_Sheehan" title="Cindy Sheehan">Cindy Sheehan</a></b></li> <li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/wiki/Stewart_Alexander" title="Stewart Alexander">Stewart Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocky_Anderson" title="Rocky Anderson">Rocky Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peta_Lindsay" title="Peta Lindsay">Peta Lindsay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FF00FF;"><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_Party" title="Prohibition Party">Prohibition Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Jack_Fellure" title="Jack Fellure">Jack Fellure</a></b></li> <li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/wiki/James_Hedges" title="James Hedges">James Hedges</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #6A287E;"><a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_of_the_United_States_of_America" title="Reform Party of the United States of America">Reform Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Andre_Barnett" title="Andre Barnett">Andre Barnett</a></b></li> <li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/wiki/Laurence_Kotlikoff" title="Laurence Kotlikoff">Laurence Kotlikoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddy_Roemer" title="Buddy Roemer">Buddy Roemer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddy_Roemer_2012_presidential_campaign" title="Buddy Roemer 2012 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robby_Wells" title="Robby Wells">Robby Wells</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #D30101;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Equality_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Equality Party (United States)">Socialist Equality Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jerry White</a></b></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #AA0000;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Workers_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Workers Party (United States)">Socialist Workers Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/James_Harris_(Socialist_Workers_Party_politician)" title="James Harris (Socialist Workers Party politician)">James Harris</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #CD3700;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_USA" title="Socialist Party USA">Socialist Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Stewart_Alexander" title="Stewart Alexander">Stewart Alexander</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stewart_Alexander_2012_presidential_campaign" title="Stewart Alexander 2012 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Mendoza" title="Alejandro Mendoza">Alejandro Mendoza</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #DDDDBB;">Independents and others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Objectivist Party</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tom_Stevens_(Objectivist_Party_politician)" title="Tom Stevens (Objectivist Party politician)">Tom Stevens</a></dd> <dt>Independents</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lee_Abramson" title="Lee Abramson">Lee Abramson</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Randy_Blythe" title="Randy Blythe">Randy Blythe</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Boss" title="Jeff Boss">Jeff Boss</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Naked_Cowboy" title="Naked Cowboy">Robert Burck</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Terry_Jones_(pastor)" title="Terry Jones (pastor)">Terry Jones</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Joe_Schriner" title="Joe Schriner">Joe Schriner</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Michael_Bloomberg" title="Michael Bloomberg">Michael Bloomberg</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Draft_Bloomberg_movement" title="Draft Bloomberg movement">attempt to draft</a></dd></dl></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_elections" title="2012 United States elections">Other 2012 elections</a>:</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="2012 United States House of Representatives elections">House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_Senate_elections" title="2012 United States Senate elections">Senate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_gubernatorial_elections" title="2012 United States gubernatorial elections">Gubernatorial</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="(←_2012)_2016_United_States_presidential_election_(2020_→)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template:2016 United States presidential election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template talk:2016 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:2016 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="(←_2012)_2016_United_States_presidential_election_(2020_→)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">(<a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="2012 United States presidential election">← 2012</a>) <a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">2016 United States presidential election</a> (<a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020 →</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mike_Pence" title="Mike Pence">Mike Pence</a> (R), 304 electoral votes</b>; <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tim_Kaine" title="Tim Kaine">Tim Kaine</a> (D), 227 electoral votes<br /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fundraising_in_the_2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="Fundraising in the 2016 United States presidential election">Fundraising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_the_2016_United_States_presidential_candidates_by_political_affiliation" title="Political positions of the 2016 United States presidential candidates by political affiliation">Positions</a></li> <li>Polls <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nationwide_opinion_polling_for_the_2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="Nationwide opinion polling for the 2016 United States presidential election">national</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nationwide_opinion_polling_for_the_2016_United_States_presidential_election_by_demographic" title="Nationwide opinion polling for the 2016 United States presidential election by demographic">by demo.</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statewide_opinion_polling_for_the_2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="Statewide opinion polling for the 2016 United States presidential election">statewide</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pre-2016_statewide_opinion_polling_for_the_2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="Pre-2016 statewide opinion polling for the 2016 United States presidential election">pre-2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January%E2%80%93August_2016_statewide_opinion_polling_for_the_2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="January–August 2016 statewide opinion polling for the 2016 United States presidential election">early 2016</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_opinion_polling_for_the_2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="International opinion polling for the 2016 United States presidential election">international</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_media_in_the_2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="Social media in the 2016 United States presidential election">Social media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="Timeline of the 2016 United States presidential election">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_debates" title="2016 United States presidential debates">Debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newspaper_endorsements_in_the_2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="Newspaper endorsements in the 2016 United States presidential election">Newspaper endorsements</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Newspaper_endorsements_in_the_2016_United_States_presidential_primaries" title="Newspaper endorsements in the 2016 United States presidential primaries">primary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vote_pairing_in_the_2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="Vote pairing in the 2016 United States presidential election">Vote pairing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election_recounts" title="2016 United States presidential election recounts">Recounts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_interference_in_the_2016_United_States_elections" title="Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections">Russian interference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faithless_electors_in_the_2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="Faithless electors in the 2016 United States presidential election">Faithless electors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_United_States_Electoral_College_vote_count" title="2017 United States Electoral College vote count">Electoral College vote count</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_presidential_transition_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidential transition of Donald Trump">Transition</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Donald_Trump" title="First inauguration of Donald Trump">inauguration</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #E81B23;"><b><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a></b><br /><span style="color:#800080;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/American_Independent_Party" title="American Independent Party">AIP</a> · <span style="color:#FF8C00;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_New_York_State" title="Conservative Party of New York State">CPNY</a> · <span style="color:#F4C2C2;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Right_to_Life_Party" title="New York State Right to Life Party">RTLP</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Republican_Party_presidential_debates_and_forums" title="2016 Republican Party presidential debates and forums">Debates and forums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endorsements_in_the_2016_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Endorsements in the 2016 Republican Party presidential primaries">Endorsements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2016 Republican Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li> <li>Polls (<a href="/wiki/Nationwide_opinion_polling_for_the_2016_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Nationwide opinion polling for the 2016 Republican Party presidential primaries">national</a> · <a href="/wiki/Statewide_opinion_polling_for_the_2016_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Statewide opinion polling for the 2016 Republican Party presidential primaries">statewide</a> · <a href="/wiki/Straw_polls_for_the_2016_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Straw polls for the 2016 Republican Party presidential primaries">straw</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_2016_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Results of the 2016 Republican Party presidential primaries">Results</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Republican_National_Convention" title="2016 Republican National Convention">Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Republican_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="2016 Republican Party vice presidential candidate selection">VP candidate selection</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/2016_Republican_Party_presidential_candidates" title="2016 Republican Party presidential candidates">Candidates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a></b> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_2016_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Donald_Trump" title="Political positions of Donald Trump">positions</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Protests_against_Donald_Trump#Protests_during_Trump's_campaign" title="Protests against Donald Trump">protests</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Republicans_who_opposed_the_Donald_Trump_2016_presidential_campaign" title="List of Republicans who opposed the Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign">GOP opposition</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Mike_Pence" title="Mike Pence">Mike Pence</a></b></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Other candidates</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jeb_Bush" title="Jeb Bush">Jeb Bush</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Jeb_Bush_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Jeb Bush 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Jeb_Bush" title="Political positions of Jeb Bush">positions</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ben_Carson" title="Ben Carson">Ben Carson</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Ben_Carson_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Ben Carson 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chris_Christie" title="Chris Christie">Chris Christie</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Chris_Christie_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Chris Christie 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ted_Cruz" title="Ted Cruz">Ted Cruz</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Ted_Cruz_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Ted Cruz 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ted_Cruz_2016_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Ted Cruz 2016 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Ted_Cruz" title="Political positions of Ted Cruz">positions</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mark_Everson" title="Mark Everson">Mark Everson</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Carly_Fiorina" title="Carly Fiorina">Carly Fiorina</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Carly_Fiorina_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Carly Fiorina 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jim_Gilmore" title="Jim Gilmore">Jim Gilmore</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Jim_Gilmore_2016_presidential_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Jim Gilmore 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lindsey_Graham" title="Lindsey Graham">Lindsey Graham</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Lindsey_Graham_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Lindsey Graham 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mike_Huckabee" title="Mike Huckabee">Mike Huckabee</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Mike_Huckabee_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Mike Huckabee 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Mike_Huckabee" title="Political positions of Mike Huckabee">positions</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Jindal" title="Bobby Jindal">Bobby Jindal</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Jindal_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Bobby Jindal 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_Kasich" title="John Kasich">John Kasich</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/John_Kasich_2016_presidential_campaign" title="John Kasich 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_John_Kasich_2016_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of John Kasich 2016 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_McMillan" title="Jimmy McMillan">Jimmy McMillan</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_Pataki" title="George Pataki">George Pataki</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/George_Pataki_2016_presidential_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="George Pataki 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rand_Paul" title="Rand Paul">Rand Paul</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Rand_Paul_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Rand Paul 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Rand_Paul" title="Political positions of Rand Paul">positions</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rick_Perry" title="Rick Perry">Rick Perry</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Rick_Perry_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Rick Perry 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Rick_Perry" title="Political positions of Rick Perry">positions</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Marco_Rubio" title="Marco Rubio">Marco Rubio</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Marco_Rubio_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Marco Rubio 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Marco_Rubio" title="Political positions of Marco Rubio">positions</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rick_Santorum" title="Rick Santorum">Rick Santorum</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Rick_Santorum_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Rick Santorum 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Scott_Walker_(politician)" title="Scott Walker (politician)">Scott Walker</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Scott_Walker_2016_presidential_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Scott Walker 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #3333FF;"><b><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a></b><br /><span style="color:#328DE0;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Equality_Party_(New_York)" title="Women's Equality Party (New York)">WEP</a> · <span style="color:#f598e2;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Working_Families_Party" title="Working Families Party">WFP</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_the_2016_Democratic_Party_presidential_primary_candidates" title="Political positions of the 2016 Democratic Party presidential primary candidates">Political positions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endorsements_in_the_2016_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Endorsements in the 2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Endorsements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Democratic_Party_presidential_debates_and_forums" title="2016 Democratic Party presidential debates and forums">Debates and forums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li> <li>Polls <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nationwide_opinion_polling_for_the_2016_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Nationwide opinion polling for the 2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries">national</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statewide_opinion_polling_for_the_2016_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Statewide opinion polling for the 2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries">statewide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straw_polls_for_the_2016_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Straw polls for the 2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries">straw</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_2016_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Results of the 2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Results</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2016 Democratic National Convention">Convention</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_superdelegates_at_the_2016_Democratic_National_Convention" title="List of superdelegates at the 2016 Democratic National Convention">superdelegates</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Democratic_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="2016 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection">VP candidate selection</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/2016_Democratic_Party_presidential_candidates" title="2016 Democratic Party presidential candidates">Candidates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a></b> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd>endorsements <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hillary_Clinton_2016_presidential_campaign_political_endorsements" title="List of Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign political endorsements">political</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hillary_Clinton_2016_presidential_campaign_non-political_endorsements" title="List of Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign non-political endorsements">non-political</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hillary_Clinton_2016_presidential_campaign_celebrity_endorsements" title="List of Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign celebrity endorsements">celebrities</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hillary_Clinton_2016_presidential_campaign_screen_and_stage_performer_endorsements" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign screen and stage performer endorsements">performers</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Hillary_Clinton" title="Political positions of Hillary Clinton">positions</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Democrats_who_opposed_the_Hillary_Clinton_2016_presidential_campaign" title="List of Democrats who opposed the Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign">Democratic opposition</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Tim_Kaine" title="Tim Kaine">Tim Kaine</a></b></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Other candidates</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Chafee" title="Lincoln Chafee">Lincoln Chafee</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Chafee_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Lincoln Chafee 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rocky_De_La_Fuente" title="Rocky De La Fuente">Rocky De La Fuente</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Rocky_De_La_Fuente_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Rocky De La Fuente 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paul_T._Farrell_Jr." title="Paul T. Farrell Jr.">Paul T. Farrell Jr.</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Lessig" title="Lawrence Lessig">Lawrence Lessig</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Lessig_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Lawrence Lessig 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Martin_O%27Malley" title="Martin O'Malley">Martin O'Malley</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Martin_O%27Malley_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Martin O'Malley 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Bernie Sanders</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Bernie Sanders 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Bernie_Sanders_2016_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Bernie Sanders 2016 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Bernie_Sanders" title="Political positions of Bernie Sanders">positions</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jim_Webb" title="Jim Webb">Jim Webb</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Jim_Webb_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Jim Webb 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Willie_Wilson_(businessman)" title="Willie Wilson (businessman)">Willie Wilson</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FED105;"><b><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_(United_States)" title="Libertarian Party (United States)">Libertarian Party</a></b><br /><span style="color:#FFC14E;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Independence_Party_of_New_York_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Independence Party of New York State">IPNY</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_Libertarian_Party_presidential_debates_and_forums" title="2016 Libertarian Party presidential debates and forums">Debates and forums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Libertarian_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2016 Libertarian Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Libertarian_National_Convention" title="2016 Libertarian National Convention">Convention</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Gary_Johnson" title="Gary Johnson">Gary Johnson</a></b> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Gary_Johnson_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Gary Johnson 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Gary_Johnson_2016_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Gary Johnson 2016 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Gary_Johnson" class="mw-redirect" title="Political positions of Gary Johnson">positions</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Bill_Weld" title="Bill Weld">Bill Weld</a></b></dd> <dt>Other candidates</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_McAfee" title="John McAfee">John McAfee</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Austin_Petersen" title="Austin Petersen">Austin Petersen</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #17aa5c;"><b><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_the_United_States" title="Green Party of the United States">Green Party</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_Green_Party_presidential_debates_and_forums" title="2016 Green Party presidential debates and forums">Debates and forums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Green_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2016 Green Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Green_National_Convention" title="2016 Green National Convention">Convention</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Jill_Stein" title="Jill Stein">Jill Stein</a></b> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Jill_Stein_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Jill Stein 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Jill_Stein_2016_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Jill Stein 2016 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Ajamu_Baraka" title="Ajamu Baraka">Ajamu Baraka</a></b></dd> <dt>Other candidates</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Darryl_Cherney" title="Darryl Cherney">Darryl Cherney</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #DDDDBB;"><b>Independents</b><br /><span style="color:#FFC14E;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Independence_Party_of_Minnesota" class="mw-redirect" title="Independence Party of Minnesota">IPMN</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Better_for_America" title="Better for America">Better for America</a></li> <li><b>Candidate: <a href="/wiki/Evan_McMullin" title="Evan McMullin">Evan McMullin</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evan_McMullin_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Evan McMullin 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Evan_McMullin_2016_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Evan McMullin 2016 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>Running mate: <a href="/wiki/Mindy_Finn" title="Mindy Finn">Mindy Finn</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Other_third-party_and_independent_candidates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other <a href="/wiki/Third-party_and_independent_candidates_for_the_2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="Third-party and independent candidates for the 2016 United States presidential election">third-party and independent candidates</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #355E39;"><a href="/wiki/American_Delta_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="American Delta Party">American Delta Party</a><br /><span style="color:#6A287E;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_of_the_United_States_of_America" title="Reform Party of the United States of America">Reform</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Rocky_De_La_Fuente" title="Rocky De La Fuente">Rocky De La Fuente</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rocky_De_La_Fuente_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Rocky De La Fuente 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Michael_Steinberg_(lawyer)" title="Michael Steinberg (lawyer)">Michael Steinberg</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #CC66FF;">American Party (South Carolina)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Skewes" title="Peter Skewes">Peter Skewes</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #F37120;"><a href="/wiki/American_Solidarity_Party" title="American Solidarity Party">American Solidarity Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Mike_Maturen" title="Mike Maturen">Mike Maturen</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #800080;">America's Party</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Tom_Hoefling" title="Tom Hoefling">Tom Hoefling</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #A356DE;"><b><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Party_(United_States)" title="Constitution Party (United States)">Constitution Party</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_Constitution_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2016 Constitution Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Party_National_Convention#2016_convention" title="Constitution Party National Convention">Convention</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><b>Darrell Castle</b> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Darrell_Castle_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Darrell Castle 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Scott_Bradley_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Scott Bradley (politician)">Scott Bradley</a></b></dd> <dt>Other candidates</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tom_Hoefling" title="Tom Hoefling">Tom Hoefling</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #F8F9FA;">Nutrition Party</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Rod_Silva_(businessman)" title="Rod Silva (businessman)">Rod Silva</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #00FF00;"><a href="/wiki/Peace_and_Freedom_Party" title="Peace and Freedom Party">Peace and Freedom Party</a><br /><span style="color:red;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Party_for_Socialism_and_Liberation" title="Party for Socialism and Liberation">PSL</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Gloria_La_Riva" title="Gloria La Riva">Gloria La Riva</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Banks" title="Dennis Banks">Dennis Banks</a></b></li> <li><b>PSL VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Puryear" title="Eugene Puryear">Eugene Puryear</a></b>*</li></ul> <ul><li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/wiki/Monica_Moorehead" title="Monica Moorehead">Monica Moorehead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jill_Stein" title="Jill Stein">Jill Stein</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FF00FF;"><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_Party" title="Prohibition Party">Prohibition Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/James_Hedges" title="James Hedges">James Hedges</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #CD3700;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Action_(United_States)" title="Socialist Action (United States)">Socialist Action</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Mackler" title="Jeff Mackler">Jeff Mackler</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #D30101;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Equality_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Equality Party (United States)">Socialist Equality Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jerry White</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #CD3700;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_USA" title="Socialist Party USA">Socialist Party USA</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Mimi_Soltysik" title="Mimi Soltysik">Mimi Soltysik</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mimi_Soltysik_2016_presidential_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Mimi Soltysik 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Angela_Nicole_Walker" title="Angela Nicole Walker">Angela Nicole Walker</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #AA0000;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Workers_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Workers Party (United States)">Socialist Workers Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Alyson_Kennedy" title="Alyson Kennedy">Alyson Kennedy</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Osborne_Hart" title="Osborne Hart">Osborne Hart</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #F8F9FA;">Pacifist Party</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Bradford_Lyttle" title="Bradford Lyttle">Bradford Lyttle</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FF33AA;"><a href="/wiki/Workers_World_Party" title="Workers World Party">Workers World Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Monica_Moorehead" title="Monica Moorehead">Monica Moorehead</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #DDDDBB;">Other Independent candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laurence_Kotlikoff" title="Laurence Kotlikoff">Laurence Kotlikoff</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>* : These candidates were constitutionally ineligible to serve as President or Vice President.</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_elections" title="2016 United States elections">Other 2016 elections</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_Senate_elections" title="2016 United States Senate elections">Senate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="2016 United States House of Representatives elections">House</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="(←_2020)_2024_United_States_presidential_election_(2028_→)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template:2024 United States presidential election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template talk:2024 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:2024 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="(←_2020)_2024_United_States_presidential_election_(2028_→)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">(<a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">← 2020</a>) <a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="2024 United States presidential election">2024 United States presidential election</a> (<a href="/wiki/2028_United_States_presidential_election" title="2028 United States presidential election">2028 →</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_elections" title="2024 United States elections">2024 United States elections</a></li> <li>Polls <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nationwide_opinion_polling_for_the_2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="Nationwide opinion polling for the 2024 United States presidential election">national</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statewide_opinion_polling_for_the_2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="Statewide opinion polling for the 2024 United States presidential election">state</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="Timeline of the 2024 United States presidential election">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_debates" title="2024 United States presidential debates">Debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundraising_in_the_2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="Fundraising in the 2024 United States presidential election">Fundraising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballot_access_in_the_2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="Ballot access in the 2024 United States presidential election">Ballot access</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_interference_in_the_2024_United_States_elections" title="Foreign interference in the 2024 United States elections">Interference</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_interference_in_the_2024_United_States_elections" title="Chinese interference in the 2024 United States elections">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_interference_in_the_2024_United_States_elections" title="Iranian interference in the 2024 United States elections">Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_interference_in_the_2024_United_States_elections" title="Russian interference in the 2024 United States elections">Russian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2025_United_States_Electoral_College_vote_count" title="2025 United States Electoral College vote count">Electoral College vote count</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_presidential_transition_of_Donald_Trump" title="Second presidential transition of Donald Trump">Transition</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Donald_Trump" title="Second inauguration of Donald Trump">inauguration</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #3333FF;; font-weight:normal"><b><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a></b><br /><span style="color:#f598e2;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Working_Families_Party" title="Working Families Party">WFP</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2024 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Democratic_Party_presidential_candidates" title="2024 Democratic Party presidential candidates">Candidates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Democratic_Party_presidential_debates_and_forums" title="2024 Democratic Party presidential debates and forums">Debates and forums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_2024_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Results of the 2024 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Results</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2024 Democratic National Convention">Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_for_the_2024_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Opinion polling for the 2024 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Polls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Democratic_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="2024 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection">VP candidate selection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war_protest_vote_movements" title="Israel–Hamas war protest vote movements">Protest votes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/2024_Democratic_Party_presidential_candidates" title="2024 Democratic Party presidential candidates">Candidates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Kamala Harris 2024 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kamala_Harris_2024_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Kamala Harris 2024 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kamala_Harris_2024_presidential_campaign_political_endorsements" title="List of Kamala Harris 2024 presidential campaign political endorsements">political</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kamala_Harris_2024_presidential_campaign_non-political_endorsements" title="List of Kamala Harris 2024 presidential campaign non-political endorsements">non-political</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haley_Voters_for_Harris" title="Haley Voters for Harris">Haley Voters for Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Dudes_for_Harris" title="White Dudes for Harris">White Dudes for Harris</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Kamala_Harris" title="Political positions of Kamala Harris">positions</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Tim_Walz" title="Tim Walz">Tim Walz</a></b></li></ul> <dl><dt>Withdrew after primaries</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Joe Biden 2024 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Joe_Biden_2024_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Joe Biden 2024 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Democrats_who_opposed_the_Joe_Biden_2024_presidential_campaign" title="List of Democrats who opposed the Joe Biden 2024 presidential campaign">opposition</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Joe_Biden" title="Political positions of Joe Biden">positions</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_Joe_Biden_from_the_2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="Withdrawal of Joe Biden from the 2024 United States presidential election">withdrawal</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Marianne_Williamson" title="Marianne Williamson">Marianne Williamson</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Marianne_Williamson_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Marianne Williamson 2024 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Withdrew during primaries</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jason_Palmer_(politician)" title="Jason Palmer (politician)">Jason Palmer</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dean_Phillips" title="Dean Phillips">Dean Phillips</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Dean_Phillips_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Dean Phillips 2024 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vermin_Supreme" title="Vermin Supreme">Vermin Supreme</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cenk_Uygur" title="Cenk Uygur">Cenk Uygur</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Withdrew before primaries</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy_Jr." title="Robert F. Kennedy Jr.">Robert F. Kennedy Jr.</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jerome_Segal" title="Jerome Segal">Jerome Segal</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #E81B23;; font-weight:normal"><b><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a></b><br /><span style="color:#FF8C00;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_New_York_State" title="Conservative Party of New York State">CPNYS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2024 Republican Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Republican_Party_presidential_candidates" title="2024 Republican Party presidential candidates">Candidates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Republican_Party_presidential_debates_and_forums" title="2024 Republican Party presidential debates and forums">Debates and forums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_2024_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Results of the 2024 Republican Party presidential primaries">Results</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Republican_National_Convention" title="2024 Republican National Convention">Convention</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Logistics_of_the_2024_Republican_National_Convention" title="Logistics of the 2024 Republican National Convention">logistics</a></li></ul></li> <li>Polls <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nationwide_opinion_polling_for_the_2024_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Nationwide opinion polling for the 2024 Republican Party presidential primaries">national</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statewide_opinion_polling_for_the_2024_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Statewide opinion polling for the 2024 Republican Party presidential primaries">state</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endorsements_in_the_2024_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Endorsements in the 2024 Republican Party presidential primaries">Endorsements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Republican_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="2024 Republican Party vice presidential candidate selection">VP candidate selection</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/2024_Republican_Party_presidential_candidates" title="2024 Republican Party presidential candidates">Candidates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_eligibility_of_Donald_Trump" title="Presidential eligibility of Donald Trump">eligibility</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Trump_v._Anderson" title="Trump v. Anderson">Trump v. Anderson</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_2024_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_2024_presidential_campaign_political_endorsements" title="List of Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign political endorsements">political</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_2024_presidential_campaign_non-political_endorsements" title="List of Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign non-political endorsements">non-political</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Republicans_who_oppose_the_Donald_Trump_2024_presidential_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Republicans who oppose the Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign">opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Donald_Trump" title="Political positions of Donald Trump">positions</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/JD_Vance" title="JD Vance">JD Vance</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_JD_Vance" title="Political positions of JD Vance">positions</a></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dt>Withdrew during primaries</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ryan_Binkley" title="Ryan Binkley">Ryan Binkley</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_Anthony_Castro" title="John Anthony Castro">John Anthony Castro</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ron_DeSantis" title="Ron DeSantis">Ron DeSantis</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Ron_DeSantis_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Ron DeSantis 2024 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ron_DeSantis_2024_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Ron DeSantis 2024 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Ron_DeSantis" title="Political positions of Ron DeSantis">positions</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nikki_Haley" title="Nikki Haley">Nikki Haley</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Nikki_Haley_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Nikki Haley 2024 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nikki_Haley_2024_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Nikki Haley 2024 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Nikki_Haley" title="Political positions of Nikki Haley">positions</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Asa_Hutchinson" title="Asa Hutchinson">Asa Hutchinson</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Asa_Hutchinson_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Asa Hutchinson 2024 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/E._W._Jackson" title="E. W. Jackson">E. W. Jackson</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vivek_Ramaswamy" title="Vivek Ramaswamy">Vivek Ramaswamy</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Vivek_Ramaswamy_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Vivek Ramaswamy 2024 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sam_Sloan" title="Sam Sloan">Sam Sloan</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Withdrew before primaries</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Doug_Burgum" title="Doug Burgum">Doug Burgum</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Doug_Burgum_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Doug Burgum 2024 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chris_Christie" title="Chris Christie">Chris Christie</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Chris_Christie_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Chris Christie 2024 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Larry_Elder" title="Larry Elder">Larry Elder</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Will_Hurd" title="Will Hurd">Will Hurd</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Perry_Johnson_(businessman)" title="Perry Johnson (businessman)">Perry Johnson</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Steve_Laffey" title="Steve Laffey">Steve Laffey</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mike_Pence" title="Mike Pence">Mike Pence</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Mike_Pence_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Mike Pence 2024 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Mike_Pence" title="Political positions of Mike Pence">positions</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tim_Scott" title="Tim Scott">Tim Scott</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Tim_Scott_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Tim Scott 2024 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Corey_Stapleton" title="Corey Stapleton">Corey Stapleton</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Francis_Suarez" title="Francis Suarez">Francis Suarez</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FED105;"><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_(United_States)" title="Libertarian Party (United States)">Libertarian Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Libertarian_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2024 Libertarian Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Libertarian_National_Convention" title="2024 Libertarian National Convention">Convention</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Chase_Oliver" title="Chase Oliver">Chase Oliver</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chase_Oliver_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Chase Oliver 2024 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Mike_ter_Maat" title="Mike ter Maat">Mike ter Maat</a></b></li></ul> <dl><dt>Eliminated in balloting</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy_Jr." title="Robert F. Kennedy Jr.">Robert F. Kennedy Jr.</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Art_Olivier" title="Art Olivier">Art Olivier</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Michael_Rectenwald" title="Michael Rectenwald">Michael Rectenwald</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mike_ter_Maat" title="Mike ter Maat">Mike ter Maat</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Withdrew before primaries</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Joe_Exotic" title="Joe Exotic">Joe Exotic</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Other candidates</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy_Jr." title="Robert F. Kennedy Jr.">Robert F. Kennedy Jr.</a> (<a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_of_Colorado" title="Libertarian Party of Colorado">LPCO</a> · <a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_of_New_Hampshire" title="Libertarian Party of New Hampshire">LPNH</a>)</dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #17aa5c;; font-weight:normal"><b><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_the_United_States" title="Green Party of the United States">Green Party</a></b><br /><span style="color:#009736;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Party" title="Kentucky Party">KP</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Green_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2024 Green Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Green_National_Convention" title="2024 Green National Convention">Convention</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Jill_Stein" title="Jill Stein">Jill Stein</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jill_Stein_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Jill Stein 2024 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Jill_Stein_2024_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Jill Stein 2024 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Butch_Ware" title="Butch Ware">Butch Ware</a></b></li></ul> <dl><dt>Withdrew after primaries</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Randy_Toler" title="Randy Toler">Randy Toler</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Withdrew before primaries</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Emanuel_Pastreich" title="Emanuel Pastreich">Emanuel Pastreich</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cornel_West" title="Cornel West">Cornel West</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #DDDDBB;; font-weight:normal"><b>Independent</b><br /><span style="color:#D6FF33;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Green_Mountain_Peace_and_Justice_Party" title="Green Mountain Peace and Justice Party">GMPJ</a> · <span style="color:#50C878;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Nebraska_Legal_Marijuana_NOW_Party" title="Nebraska Legal Marijuana NOW Party">NLMN</a> · <span style="color:#5FD170;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Progressive_Party" title="Oregon Progressive Party">OPP</a><br /><span style="color:#FF3300;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Alternative_(United_States)" title="Socialist Alternative (United States)">SA</a> · <span style="color:#778899;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/United_Citizens_Party" title="United Citizens Party">UCP</a> · <span style="color:#ADD8E6;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Unity_Party_of_America" title="Unity Party of America">UPC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Candidate: <a href="/wiki/Cornel_West" title="Cornel West">Cornel West</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornel_West_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Cornel West 2024 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>Running mate: <a href="/wiki/Melina_Abdullah" title="Melina Abdullah">Melina Abdullah</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: right;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #DDDDBB;; font-weight:normal"><b>Independent</b> (withdrawn)<br /><span style="color:#385AA3;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Alliance_Party_(United_States)" title="Alliance Party (United States)">AP</a> · <span style="color:#800080;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/American_Independent_Party" title="American Independent Party">AIP</a> · <span style="color:#98d8e9;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Independent_Party_of_Delaware" title="Independent Party of Delaware">IPoD</a><br /><span style="color:#ffe4e1">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Natural_Law_Party_(United_States)" title="Natural Law Party (United States)">NLP</a> · <span style="color:#6A287E;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_of_the_United_States_of_America" title="Reform Party of the United States of America">RPUSA</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Candidate: <a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy_Jr." title="Robert F. Kennedy Jr.">Robert F. Kennedy Jr.</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy_Jr._2024_presidential_campaign" title="Robert F. Kennedy Jr. 2024 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Reform_National_Convention" title="2024 Reform National Convention">Reform Convention</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>Running mate: <a href="/wiki/Nicole_Shanahan" title="Nicole Shanahan">Nicole Shanahan</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Other_third-party_candidates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other <a href="/wiki/Third-party_and_independent_candidates_for_the_2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="Third-party and independent candidates for the 2024 United States presidential election">third-party candidates</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #F37120;"><a href="/wiki/American_Solidarity_Party" title="American Solidarity Party">American Solidarity Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Sonski" title="Peter Sonski">Peter Sonski</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Sonski_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Peter Sonski 2024 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dt>Other candidates</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Joe_Schriner" title="Joe Schriner">Joe Schriner</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #A356DE;"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Party_(United_States)" title="Constitution Party (United States)">Constitution Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/2024_Constitution_National_Convention" title="2024 Constitution National Convention">Convention</a></dd></dl> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Randall_Terry" title="Randall Terry">Randall Terry</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Randall_Terry_2024_presidential_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Randall Terry 2024 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Broden" title="Stephen Broden">Stephen Broden</a></b></li></ul> <dl><dt>Other candidates</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Joel_Skousen" title="Joel Skousen">Joel Skousen</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #c49334;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_American_Party_of_Nevada" title="Independent American Party of Nevada">Independent American Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Joel_Skousen" title="Joel Skousen">Joel Skousen</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #50C878;"><a href="/wiki/Legal_Marijuana_Now_Party" title="Legal Marijuana Now Party">Legal Marijuana Now Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/2024_Minnesota_Legal_Marijuana_Now_presidential_primary" title="2024 Minnesota Legal Marijuana Now presidential primary">Primary</a></dd></dl> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Schuller" class="mw-redirect" title="Dennis Schuller">Dennis Schuller</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Rudy_Reyes_(activist)" title="Rudy Reyes (activist)">Rudy Reyes</a></b></li></ul> <dl><dt>Other candidates</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ed_Forchion" title="Ed Forchion">Ed Forchion</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Krystal_Gabel" title="Krystal Gabel">Krystal Gabel</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rudy_Reyes_(activist)" title="Rudy Reyes (activist)">Rudy Reyes</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vermin_Supreme" title="Vermin Supreme">Vermin Supreme</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #0b106b;"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_USA" title="Liberal Party USA">Liberal Party USA</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Laura_Ebke" title="Laura Ebke">Laura Ebke</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #9258B0;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Pirate_Party" title="United States Pirate Party">Pirate Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Vermin_Supreme" title="Vermin Supreme">Vermin Supreme</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FFF53B;"><b><a href="/wiki/Party_Party_of_Rhode_Island" title="Party Party of Rhode Island">Party Party</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Robby_Wells" title="Robby Wells">Robby Wells</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 red;; font-weight:normal"><b><a href="/wiki/Party_for_Socialism_and_Liberation" title="Party for Socialism and Liberation">Party for Socialism & Liberation</a></b><br /><span style="color:#00FF00;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/Peace_and_Freedom_Party" title="Peace and Freedom Party">PFP</a> · <span style="color:#FF6347;">▌</span><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_Workers_Party" title="South Carolina Workers Party">SCW</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Claudia_De_la_Cruz" title="Claudia De la Cruz">Claudia De la Cruz</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Claudia_De_la_Cruz_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Claudia De la Cruz 2024 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #D30101;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Equality_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Equality Party (United States)">Socialist Equality Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Kishore" title="Joseph Kishore">Joseph Kishore</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jerry White</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #AA0000;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Workers_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Workers Party (United States)">Socialist Workers Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Rachele_Fruit" title="Rachele Fruit">Rachele Fruit</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #ADD8E6;"><a href="/wiki/Unity_Party_of_America" title="Unity Party of America">Unity Party of America</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Noel_Fiorino" title="Paul Noel Fiorino">Paul Noel Fiorino</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #DDDDBB;">Other independent candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Declared</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Shiva_Ayyadurai" title="Shiva Ayyadurai">Shiva Ayyadurai</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Buss" title="Johnny Buss">Johnny Buss</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Afroman" title="Afroman">Joseph "Afroman" Foreman</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tom_Hoefling" title="Tom Hoefling">Tom Hoefling</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Taylor_Marshall" title="Taylor Marshall">Taylor Marshall</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Emanuel_Pastreich" title="Emanuel Pastreich">Emanuel Pastreich</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Withdrew</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Krist_Novoselic" title="Krist Novoselic">Krist Novoselic</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kanye_West" title="Kanye West">Kanye West</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Kanye_West_2024_presidential_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanye West 2024 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Views_of_Kanye_West" title="Views of Kanye West">positions</a></dd></dl></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Disputes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Disputes</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Controversies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_efforts_to_disrupt_the_2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="Republican Party efforts to disrupt the 2024 United States presidential election">Republican Party efforts to disrupt the 2024 United States presidential election</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Election_denial_movement_in_the_United_States#2024" title="Election denial movement in the United States">Election denial</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6184648#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6184648#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6184648#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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