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class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Type 23 torpedo boat</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raubvogel-Klasse" title="Raubvogel-Klasse – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Raubvogel-Klasse" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%82_%D8%A7%DA%98%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%81%DA%A9%D9%86_%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%BE_%DB%B2%DB%B3" title="قایق اژدر افکن تیپ ۲۳ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="قایق اژدر افکن تیپ ۲۳" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classe_Type_1923" title="Classe Type 1923 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Classe Type 1923" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classe_M%C3%B6we" title="Classe Möwe – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Classe Möwe" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/1923%E5%9E%8B%E6%B0%B4%E9%9B%B7%E8%89%87" title="1923型水雷艇 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="1923型水雷艇" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torpedowce_typu_1923" title="Torpedowce typu 1923 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Torpedowce typu 1923" data-language-autonym="Polski" 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ship class</div> <table class="infobox" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SketchPlan%26ElevationM%C3%B6weClass.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/SketchPlan%26ElevationM%C3%B6weClass.svg/300px-SketchPlan%26ElevationM%C3%B6weClass.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/SketchPlan%26ElevationM%C3%B6weClass.svg/450px-SketchPlan%26ElevationM%C3%B6weClass.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/SketchPlan%26ElevationM%C3%B6weClass.svg/600px-SketchPlan%26ElevationM%C3%B6weClass.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2870" data-file-height="1696" /></a></span><div>Right elevation and plan of the Type 23</div> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Class overview</th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Builders</td><td><a href="/wiki/Reichsmarinewerft_Wilhelmshaven" class="mw-redirect" title="Reichsmarinewerft Wilhelmshaven">Reichsmarinewerft Wilhelmshaven</a></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Operators</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/War_Ensign_of_Germany_%281921%E2%80%931933%29.svg/23px-War_Ensign_of_Germany_%281921%E2%80%931933%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/War_Ensign_of_Germany_%281921%E2%80%931933%29.svg/35px-War_Ensign_of_Germany_%281921%E2%80%931933%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/War_Ensign_of_Germany_%281921%E2%80%931933%29.svg/46px-War_Ensign_of_Germany_%281921%E2%80%931933%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Reichsmarine" title="Reichsmarine"><i>Reichsmarine</i></a></li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/War_Ensign_of_Germany_%281938%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-War_Ensign_of_Germany_%281938%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/War_Ensign_of_Germany_%281938%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-War_Ensign_of_Germany_%281938%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/War_Ensign_of_Germany_%281938%E2%80%931945%29.svg/46px-War_Ensign_of_Germany_%281938%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kriegsmarine" title="Kriegsmarine"><i>Kriegsmarine</i></a></li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Succeeded by</td><td><a href="/wiki/Type_24_torpedo_boat" title="Type 24 torpedo boat">Type 24 torpedo boat</a></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Built</td><td>1925–1928</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">In commission</td><td>1926–1944</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Completed</td><td>6</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Lost</td><td>6</td></tr> <tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">General characteristics (as built)</th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Type</td><td><a href="/wiki/Torpedo_boat" title="Torpedo boat">Torpedo boat</a></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Displacement</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">798 or 923 <a href="/wiki/Long_ton" title="Long ton">long tons</a> (811 or 938 <a href="/wiki/Tonne" title="Tonne">t</a>) (<a href="/wiki/Displacement_(ship)#Standard_displacement" title="Displacement (ship)">standard</a>)</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">1,213 or 1,290 long tons (1,232 or 1,311 t) (<a href="/wiki/Deep_load" class="mw-redirect" title="Deep load">deep load</a>)</li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Length</td><td>87 or 87.7 m (285 ft 5 in or 287 ft 9 in) (<a href="/wiki/Length_overall" title="Length overall">o/a</a>)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Beam</td><td>8.25 m (27 ft 1 in)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Draft</td><td>3.65 m (12 ft)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Installed power</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">3 × <a href="/wiki/Water-tube_boilers" class="mw-redirect" title="Water-tube boilers">water-tube boilers</a></li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">23,000 <a href="/wiki/Horsepower#Shaft_horsepower" title="Horsepower">shp</a> (17,000 <a href="/wiki/Kilowatt" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilowatt">kW</a>)</li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Propulsion</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">2 × shafts</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">2 × geared <a href="/wiki/Steam_turbine" title="Steam turbine">steam turbine</a> sets</li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Speed</td><td>32–34 <a href="/wiki/Knot_(unit)" title="Knot (unit)">knots</a> (59–63 km/h; 37–39 mph)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Range</td><td>1,800 <a href="/wiki/Nautical_mile" title="Nautical mile">nmi</a> (3,300 km; 2,100 mi) at 17 knots (31 km/h; 20 mph)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Complement</td><td>127</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Armament</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">3 × single <a href="/wiki/10.5_cm_SK_L/45_naval_gun" title="10.5 cm SK L/45 naval gun">10.5 cm (4.1 in)</a> guns</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">2 × triple 500 mm (19.7 in) <a href="/wiki/Torpedo_tube" title="Torpedo tube">torpedo tubes</a></li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">30 <a href="/wiki/Naval_mine" title="Naval mine">mines</a></li> </ul></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>The <b>Type 23 torpedo boat</b> (also known as the <i>Raubvogel</i> (<a href="/wiki/Bird_of_prey" title="Bird of prey">bird of prey</a>) or the <i>Möwe</i> class) was a group of six <a href="/wiki/Torpedo_boat" title="Torpedo boat">torpedo boats</a> built for the <i><a href="/wiki/Reichsmarine" title="Reichsmarine">Reichsmarine</a></i> during the 1920s. As part of the renamed <i><a href="/wiki/Kriegsmarine" title="Kriegsmarine">Kriegsmarine</a></i>, the boats made multiple <a href="/wiki/Non-intervention_in_the_Spanish_Civil_War" title="Non-intervention in the Spanish Civil War">non-intervention patrols</a> during the <a href="/wiki/German_involvement_in_the_Spanish_Civil_War" title="German involvement in the Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a> in the late 1930s. During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, they played a minor role in the <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Norwegian Campaign">Norwegian Campaign</a> of 1940, <a href="/wiki/German_torpedo_boat_Albatros" title="German torpedo boat Albatros"><i>Albatros</i></a> being lost when she <a href="/wiki/Ship_grounding" title="Ship grounding">ran aground</a>. The Type 23s spent the next several months escorting <a href="/wiki/Minelayer" title="Minelayer">minelayers</a> as they laid <a href="/wiki/Minefield" class="mw-redirect" title="Minefield">minefields</a> and escorting ships before the ships were transferred to France around September. <a href="/wiki/German_torpedo_boat_M%C3%B6we" title="German torpedo boat Möwe"><i>Möwe</i></a> was torpedoed during this time and did not return to service until 1942. They started laying minefields themselves in September and continued to do so for the rest of the war. </p><p>After refits in early 1941, the boats were transferred to the <a href="/wiki/Skaggerak" class="mw-redirect" title="Skaggerak">Skaggerak</a> where they were assigned escort duties. Most of the surviving ships returned to France in 1942 and helped to escort the <a href="/wiki/Capital_ship" title="Capital ship">capital ships</a> sailing from France to Germany through the <a href="/wiki/English_Channel" title="English Channel">English Channel</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Channel_Dash" title="Channel Dash">Channel Dash</a>. They helped to escort <a href="/wiki/Blockade_runner" title="Blockade runner">blockade runners</a>, <a href="/wiki/Commerce_raider" class="mw-redirect" title="Commerce raider">commerce raiders</a> and <a href="/wiki/Submarine" title="Submarine">submarines</a> through the English Channel and the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Biscay" title="Bay of Biscay">Bay of Biscay</a> throughout 1942 and 1943. <a href="/wiki/German_torpedo_boat_Seeadler" title="German torpedo boat Seeadler"><i>Seeadler</i></a> was sunk escorting a commerce raider in early 1942. <a href="/wiki/German_torpedo_boat_Greif" title="German torpedo boat Greif"><i>Greif</i></a>, however, was refitting through all of 1942 and was then assigned to escort duty in Norwegian waters before joining her <a href="/wiki/Sister_ship" title="Sister ship">sister ships</a> in France in mid-1943. </p><p>In 1944, the Type 23s were mostly occupied with laying mines. <i>Greif</i> was sunk by British aircraft and <a href="/wiki/German_torpedo_boat_Kondor" title="German torpedo boat Kondor"><i>Kondor</i></a> was badly damaged by a mine in May. The two surviving operational boats, <a href="/wiki/German_torpedo_boat_Falke" title="German torpedo boat Falke"><i>Falke</i></a> and <i>Möwe</i>, attacked <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allied</a> ships during the <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Normandy" class="mw-redirect" title="Invasion of Normandy">Invasion of Normandy</a> in June with little success and they were sunk by British bombers later that month. <i>Kondor</i>, the last survivor, was wrecked by bombers at the end of July. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design_and_description">Design and description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Type_23_torpedo_boat&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Design and description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Derived from the <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>-era large torpedo boat <a href="/w/index.php?title=SMS_H145&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SMS H145 (page does not exist)">SMS <i>H145</i></a>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Type 23 torpedo boat was slightly larger, but had a similar armament and speed. The boats were drier than the older design, but had a lot of <a href="/wiki/Weather_helm" title="Weather helm">weather helm</a> so that they were "almost impossible to hold on course in wind and at low speed".<sup id="cite_ref-g1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-g1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The design has been criticized for being equipped with too many torpedoes for the role that they were actually used during World War II.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first ship to be built, <i>Möwe</i>, was slightly smaller than her <a href="/wiki/Sister_ship" title="Sister ship">sister ships</a> and had an <a href="/wiki/Length_overall" title="Length overall">overall length</a> of 87 meters (285 ft 5 in) and was 84.7 meters (277 ft 11 in) <a href="/wiki/Length_at_the_waterline" class="mw-redirect" title="Length at the waterline">long at the waterline</a> because she had a round <a href="/wiki/Cruiser_stern" class="mw-redirect" title="Cruiser stern">cruiser stern</a> rather than the flat <a href="/wiki/Transom_(nautical)" title="Transom (nautical)">transom</a> stern of her sisters.<sup id="cite_ref-g12_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-g12-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The other Type 23s had an overall length of 87.7 meters (287 ft 9 in) and had a waterline length of 85.7 meters (281 ft 2 in).<sup id="cite_ref-conways06_p237_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-conways06_p237-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All of the ships had a <a href="/wiki/Beam_(nautical)" title="Beam (nautical)">beam</a> of 8.25 meters (27 ft 1 in), and a mean <a href="/wiki/Draft_(hull)" title="Draft (hull)">draft</a> of 3.65 meters (12 ft). They displaced 923 <a href="/wiki/Long_ton" title="Long ton">long tons</a> (938 <a href="/wiki/Tonne" title="Tonne">t</a>) at <a href="/wiki/Displacement_(ship)#Standard_displacement" title="Displacement (ship)">standard load</a> and 1,290 long tons (1,310 t) at <a href="/wiki/Deep_load" class="mw-redirect" title="Deep load">deep load</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-w2_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-w2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The figures for <i>Möwe</i> were 798 long tons (811 t) and 1,213 long tons (1,232 t) respectively. Their <a href="/wiki/Hull_(watercraft)" title="Hull (watercraft)">hull</a> was divided into 13 <a href="/wiki/Watertight_compartment" class="mw-redirect" title="Watertight compartment">watertight compartments</a> and they were fitted with a <a href="/wiki/Double_bottom" class="mw-redirect" title="Double bottom">double bottom</a> that covered 96% of their length.<sup id="cite_ref-g12_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-g12-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their crew consisted of 4 officers and 116 sailors.<sup id="cite_ref-w2_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-w2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Type 1923s were the first German ships to use geared <a href="/wiki/Steam_turbine" title="Steam turbine">steam turbines</a> and they had two sets of turbines, each driving a single three-bladed 2.5-meter (8 ft 2 in) <a href="/wiki/Propeller" title="Propeller">propeller</a>, using steam provided by three <a href="/wiki/Water-tube_boiler" title="Water-tube boiler">water-tube boilers</a> that operated at a pressure of 18.5 <a href="/wiki/Kilogram-force" title="Kilogram-force">kg/cm<sup>2</sup></a> (1,814 <a href="/wiki/Pascal_(unit)" title="Pascal (unit)">kPa</a>; 263 <a href="/wiki/Pound_per_square_inch" title="Pound per square inch">psi</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-g1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-g1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The turbines were designed to produce 23,000 <a href="/wiki/Metric_horsepower" class="mw-redirect" title="Metric horsepower">metric horsepower</a> (17,000 <a href="/wiki/Kilowatt" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilowatt">kW</a>; 23,000 <a href="/wiki/Horsepower#Shaft_horsepower" title="Horsepower">shp</a>) for a speed of 33 <a href="/wiki/Knot_(unit)" title="Knot (unit)">knots</a> (61 <a href="/wiki/Kilometres_per_hour" title="Kilometres per hour">km/h</a>; 38 <a href="/wiki/Miles_per_hour" title="Miles per hour">mph</a>), although maximum speeds ranged from 33.69 to 31.65 knots (62.39 to 58.62 km/h; 38.77 to 36.42 mph) on the ships' <a href="/wiki/Sea_trial" title="Sea trial">sea trials</a>. They carried a maximum of 321 tonnes (316 long tons) of <a href="/wiki/Fuel_oil" title="Fuel oil">fuel oil</a> which gave a range of 1,800 <a href="/wiki/Nautical_mile" title="Nautical mile">nautical miles</a> (3,300 km; 2,100 mi) at 19 knots (35 km/h; 22 mph). The effective range proved to be only 1,800 nmi (3,300 km; 2,100 mi) at that speed.<sup id="cite_ref-w2_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-w2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Armament_and_sensors">Armament and sensors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Type_23_torpedo_boat&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Armament and sensors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As built, the Type 23s mounted three 42-<a href="/wiki/Caliber_(artillery)" title="Caliber (artillery)">caliber</a> <a href="/wiki/10.5_cm_SK_L/45_naval_gun" title="10.5 cm SK L/45 naval gun">10.5-centimeter (4.1 in) SK L/45</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> guns, one forward and two aft of the <a href="/wiki/Superstructure" title="Superstructure">superstructure</a>; the aft <a href="/wiki/Superfiring" title="Superfiring">superfiring</a> gun was on an open mount while the others were protected by <a href="/wiki/Gun_shield" title="Gun shield">gun shields</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Whitley_1991,_p._45_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whitley_1991,_p._45-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-g1_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-g1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The mounts had a range of elevation from -10° to +50° and the guns fired 17.4-kilogram (38 lb) projectiles at a <a href="/wiki/Muzzle_velocity" title="Muzzle velocity">muzzle velocity</a> of 710 m/s (2,300 ft/s). Many guns were altered to use the ammunition of the <a href="/wiki/10.5_cm_SK_C/32_naval_gun" title="10.5 cm SK C/32 naval gun">SK C/32 gun</a> which weighed 15.1 kilograms (33 lb) and increased the muzzle velocity to 785 m/s (2,580 ft/s). The new ammunition had a maximum range of 15,175 meters (16,596 yd) at an elevation of 44.4°.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each gun was provided with 100 shells.<sup id="cite_ref-g1_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-g1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The boats carried six above-water 50 cm (19.7 in) <a href="/wiki/Torpedo_tube" title="Torpedo tube">torpedo tubes</a> in two triple mounts<sup id="cite_ref-conways06_p237_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-conways06_p237-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (the first triple mounts in German service)<sup id="cite_ref-Whitley_1991,_p._45_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whitley_1991,_p._45-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and could also carry up to 30 <a href="/wiki/Naval_mine" title="Naval mine">mines</a>. After 1931, the torpedo tubes were replaced by 533-millimeter (21 in) tubes<sup id="cite_ref-g1_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-g1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which probably used the <a href="/wiki/G7a_torpedo" title="G7a torpedo">G7a torpedo</a>. It had a 300-kilogram (660 lb) <a href="/wiki/Warhead" title="Warhead">warhead</a> and three speed/range settings: 14,000 meters (15,000 yd) at 30 knots (56 km/h; 35 mph); 8,000 meters (8,700 yd) at 40 knots (74 km/h; 46 mph) and 6,000 meters (6,600 yd) at 44 knots (81 km/h; 51 mph).<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A pair of <a href="/wiki/2_cm_FlaK_30/38/Flakvierling" class="mw-redirect" title="2 cm FlaK 30/38/Flakvierling">2-centimeter (0.8 in) C/30</a><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Anti-aircraft_gun" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-aircraft gun">anti-aircraft guns</a> were also added after 1931.<sup id="cite_ref-w2_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-w2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The gun had an effective rate of fire of about 120 rounds per minute. Its 0.12-kilogram (0.26 lb) projectiles were fired at a muzzle velocity of 875 m/s (2,870 ft/s) which gave it a ceiling of 3,700 meters (12,100 ft) and a maximum horizontal range of 4,800 meters (5,200 yd).<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each ship carried 2,000 <a href="/wiki/Cartridge_(firearms)" title="Cartridge (firearms)">rounds</a> per gun.<sup id="cite_ref-g1_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-g1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the war a quadruple 2 cm mount was added just forward of No. 2 gun, three 2 cm guns were positioned around the aft <a href="/wiki/Funnel_(ship)" title="Funnel (ship)">funnel</a> and another pair were mounted on the <a href="/wiki/Bridge_wing" class="mw-redirect" title="Bridge wing">bridge wings</a>, all in single mounts. Around 1944 a FuMB 4 <i>Sumatra</i> <a href="/wiki/Radar_detector" title="Radar detector">radar detector</a> was installed as was <a href="/wiki/Radar" title="Radar">radar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ships">Ships</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Type_23_torpedo_boat&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Ships"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders"> <caption>Construction data </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Name </th> <th scope="col">Builder<sup id="cite_ref-w78_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-w78-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Laid_down" class="mw-redirect" title="Laid down">Laid down</a><sup id="cite_ref-w78_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-w78-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_ship_launching" title="Ceremonial ship launching">Launched</a> </th> <th scope="col">Completed </th> <th scope="col">Fate </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/German_torpedo_boat_M%C3%B6we" title="German torpedo boat Möwe"><i>Möwe</i></a> (Seagull) </th> <td rowspan="6"><a href="/wiki/Reichsmarinewerft_Wilhelmshaven" class="mw-redirect" title="Reichsmarinewerft Wilhelmshaven">Reichsmarinewerft Wilhelmshaven</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wilhelmshaven" title="Wilhelmshaven">Wilhelmshaven</a> </td> <td>2 March 1925 </td> <td>24 March 1926 </td> <td>1 October 1926 </td> <td>Sunk by aircraft, 16 June 1944 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/German_torpedo_boat_Falke" title="German torpedo boat Falke"><i>Falke</i></a> (Falcon) </th> <td>17 November 1925 </td> <td>29 September 1926 </td> <td>15 July 1928 </td> <td>Sunk by aircraft, 14/15 June 1944 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/German_torpedo_boat_Greif" title="German torpedo boat Greif"><i>Greif</i></a> (Griffon) </th> <td>5 October 1925 </td> <td>15 July 1926 </td> <td>15 July 1927 </td> <td>Sunk by aircraft, 24 May 1944 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/German_torpedo_boat_Kondor" title="German torpedo boat Kondor"><i>Kondor</i></a> (Condor) </th> <td>17 November 1925 </td> <td>22 September 1926 </td> <td>15 July 1928 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Naval_mine" title="Naval mine">Mined</a>, 23 May 1944, <a href="/wiki/Constructive_total_loss" class="mw-redirect" title="Constructive total loss">constructive total loss</a> 31 July or 2 August 1944 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/German_torpedo_boat_Albatros" title="German torpedo boat Albatros"><i>Albatros</i></a> </th> <td>5 October 1925 </td> <td>15 July 1926 </td> <td>15 May 1928 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ship_grounding" title="Ship grounding">Ran aground</a> and wrecked, 9 April 1940 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/German_torpedo_boat_Seeadler" title="German torpedo boat Seeadler"><i>Seeadler</i></a> (Sea Eagle) </th> <td>5 October 1925 </td> <td>15 July 1926 </td> <td>15 March 1927 </td> <td>Sunk by British <a href="/wiki/Motor_Torpedo_Boat" class="mw-redirect" title="Motor Torpedo Boat">MTBs</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Action_of_13_May_1942" title="Action of 13 May 1942">action of 13 May 1942</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Service">Service</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Type_23_torpedo_boat&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Type_23_torpedo_boat_NH_83007.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Type_23_torpedo_boat_NH_83007.jpg/220px-Type_23_torpedo_boat_NH_83007.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Type_23_torpedo_boat_NH_83007.jpg/330px-Type_23_torpedo_boat_NH_83007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Type_23_torpedo_boat_NH_83007.jpg/440px-Type_23_torpedo_boat_NH_83007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4600" data-file-height="3464" /></a><figcaption>Four Type 23 boats docked in <a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, in 1938. <i>Möwe</i> (the leftmost boat) can be recognized by her rounded stern. <i>Deutschland</i> is leaving port in the right background.</figcaption></figure> <p>Most of the boats were initially assigned to the 4th Torpedo Boat Half Flotilla. By the end of 1936, the <i>Kriegsmarine</i> had reorganized its torpedo boats into <a href="/wiki/Flotilla" title="Flotilla">flotillas</a> with <i>Albatros</i> and <i>Seeadler</i> in the 2nd Torpedo Boat Flotilla and <i>Falke</i>, <i>Greif</i>, <i>Kondor</i> and <i>Möwe</i> were assigned to the 4th Torpedo Boat Flotilla. Both flotillas made several deployments to Spain during the Spanish Civil War.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the <a href="/wiki/Heavy_cruiser" title="Heavy cruiser">heavy cruiser</a> <a href="/wiki/German_cruiser_Deutschland" title="German cruiser Deutschland"><i>Deutschland</i></a> was bombed by <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Republican_Air_Force" title="Spanish Republican Air Force">Republican</a> aircraft on 29 May 1938, Adolf Hitler ordered her sister ship, the <a href="/wiki/German_cruiser_Admiral_Scheer" title="German cruiser Admiral Scheer"><i>Admiral Scheer</i></a> to bombard the Republican-held city of <a href="/wiki/Almer%C3%ADa" title="Almería">Almería</a>. Two days later the ship did so, accompanied by the four boats of the 2nd Flotilla,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including <i>Seeadler</i> and <i>Albatros</i>. Around June 1938, the flotillas were again reorganized with <i>Seeadler</i> going to the 4th Flotilla and <i>Greif</i>, <i>Kondor</i> and <i>Möwe</i> transferred to the newly formed 5th Torpedo Boat Flotilla. The other boats were either refitting or in reserve.<sup id="cite_ref-w9_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-w9-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_War_II">World War II</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Type_23_torpedo_boat&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: World War II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the beginning of the war in September 1939, the 4th Flotilla was disbanded and <i>Seeadler</i> was transferred to the 6th Torpedo Boat Flotilla.<sup id="cite_ref-w9_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-w9-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All of the Type 23s supported the <a href="/wiki/North_Sea" title="North Sea">North Sea</a> mining operations that began on 3 September 1939. Together with three <a href="/wiki/Destroyer" title="Destroyer">destroyers</a>, <i>Albatros</i>, <i>Falke</i> and <i>Greif</i> made anti-shipping patrols in the <a href="/wiki/Kattegat" title="Kattegat">Kattegat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Skaggerak" class="mw-redirect" title="Skaggerak">Skaggerak</a> from 3 to 5 October that captured four ships. On 13, 18 and 19 November, the 6th Flotilla and one or two <a href="/wiki/Light_cruiser" title="Light cruiser">light cruisers</a> met destroyers returning from <a href="/wiki/Minelaying" class="mw-redirect" title="Minelaying">minelaying</a> missions of the English coast. Two days later the flotilla patrolled the Skagerrak to inspect neutral shipping for contraband goods before returning to port on the 25th. From 14 to 16 December, <i>Seeadler</i> and the torpedo boat <a href="/wiki/German_torpedo_boat_Jaguar" title="German torpedo boat Jaguar"><i>Jaguar</i></a> made contraband patrols in the Skaggerak, impounding six ships.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Operation_Weser%C3%BCbung#Invasion_of_Norway" title="Operation Weserübung">Invasion of Norway</a> in April 1940, all six boats played a minor role in the initial attack. <i>Albatros</i>, <i>Kondor</i> and <i>Möwe</i> were assigned to support the attack on the Norwegian capital of <a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Oslo</a> while <i>Falke</i>, <i>Greif</i>, <i>Seeadler</i> were tasked to help <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kristiansand_(1940)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Kristiansand (1940)">capture Kristiansand</a> and <a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Arendal" title="Capture of Arendal">Aarendal</a> on the south coast. <i>Albatros</i> <a href="/wiki/Action_in_the_Oslofjord" title="Action in the Oslofjord">fired the opening shots of the invasion</a> as she crippled a Norwegian <a href="/wiki/Patrol_boat" title="Patrol boat">patrol boat</a> at the mouth of the <a href="/wiki/Oslofjord" title="Oslofjord">Oslofjord</a> leading to on the evening of 8/9 April. She then participated in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Horten_Harbour" title="Battle of Horten Harbour">capture of the naval base at Horten</a> later that morning with her sister <i>Kondor</i>. That afternoon, <i>Albatros</i> ran aground and was wrecked. <i>Möwe</i> ferried troops to the Oslofjord and then searched for survivors of the sunken heavy cruiser <a href="/wiki/German_cruiser_Bl%C3%BCcher" title="German cruiser Blücher"><i>Blücher</i></a>. <i>Greif</i> ferried the troops that captured the undefended town of Arendal before joining <i>Seeadler</i> at Kristiansand after the garrison there had surrendered. <i>Falke</i> ferried reinforcements to Kristiansand. Despite an escort by <i>Greif</i>, <i>Seeadler</i> and the torpedo boat <a href="/wiki/German_torpedo_boat_Luchs" title="German torpedo boat Luchs"><i>Luchs</i></a>, a British <a href="/wiki/Submarine" title="Submarine">submarine</a> torpedoed and crippled the light cruiser <a href="/wiki/German_cruiser_Karlsruhe" title="German cruiser Karlsruhe"><i>Karlsruhe</i></a> on 9 April, so that she had to be <a href="/wiki/Scuttled" class="mw-redirect" title="Scuttled">scuttled</a> by <i>Greif</i> with a pair of torpedoes. As the heavy cruiser <a href="/wiki/German_cruiser_Deutschland" title="German cruiser Deutschland"><i>Lützow</i></a> was proceeding to Germany without an escort two days later, she too was crippled by a British submarine off the Danish coast and all five boats responded to render assistance.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Later that month <i>Greif</i>, <i>Kondor</i> and <i>Möwe</i> were among the escorts for minelayers as they laid minefields in the Skaggerak and the latter was torpedoed by a British submarine on 8 May. The detonation blew her stern off and it was rebuilt in the same manner as her sisters during her lengthy repairs. For the next several months, they were also tasked to escort ships through the Skaggerak, Kattegat and Norwegian waters when not escorting minelayers.<sup id="cite_ref-g1_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-g1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The surviving operational boats were now consolidated in the 5th Torpedo Boat Flotilla and they screened multiple minelaying missions in the southwestern North Sea in August and September. At the end of the month, the flotilla laid a minefield in the <a href="/wiki/English_Channel" title="English Channel">English Channel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sortie" title="Sortie">sortied</a> into the Channel twice in October, sinking four small Allied vessels on the second occasion. The flotilla was transferred to <a href="/wiki/St._Nazaire" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Nazaire">St. Nazaire</a> later that month and its ships laid two more minefields in the Channel in December.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1941–1944"><span id="1941.E2.80.931944"></span>1941–1944</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Type_23_torpedo_boat&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 1941–1944"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Falke</i> was transferred to Norway at the beginning of the year and escorted minelayer over the next several months while <i>Seeadler</i> escorted a single minelaying mission in the Channel during that time. <i>Kondor</i>, <i>Falke</i> and <i>Seeadler</i> were all refitted at <a href="/wiki/Rotterdam" title="Rotterdam">Rotterdam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, from March to May 1941. <i>Greif</i> had a shorter refit at the same dockyard that lasted April to May. All four boats were then transferred to the Skagerrak for convoy escort duties. <i>Kondor</i> was briefly refitted at Rotterdam from November–December while <i>Seeadler</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s refit lasted from December 1941 to February 1942. <i>Greif</i> received a lengthy refit at Rotterdam that lasted from December 1941 to December 1942. Unlike her sisters, <i>Falke</i> was not refitted and rejoined the 5th Flotilla in France in January 1942 and was followed by her sisters as they finished <a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_nautical_terms_(M-Z)#W" class="mw-redirect" title="Glossary of nautical terms (M-Z)">working up</a>. They joined the escort force for the <a href="/wiki/Battleship" title="Battleship">battleships</a> <a href="/wiki/German_battleship_Scharnhorst" title="German battleship Scharnhorst"><i>Scharnhorst</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/German_battleship_Gneisenau" title="German battleship Gneisenau"><i>Gneisenau</i></a> and the heavy cruiser <a href="/wiki/German_cruiser_Prinz_Eugen" title="German cruiser Prinz Eugen"><i>Prinz Eugen</i></a> on 12 February 1942 off <a href="/wiki/Cap_Gris-Nez" title="Cap Gris-Nez">Cap Gris-Nez</a> during the Channel Dash. From 12 March to 2 April, the flotilla escorted the <a href="/wiki/Commerce_raider" class="mw-redirect" title="Commerce raider">commerce raider</a> <a href="/wiki/German_auxiliary_cruiser_Michel" title="German auxiliary cruiser Michel"><i>Michel</i></a> through the Channel despite heavy British attacks, damaging two British destroyers. <i>Möwe</i> was not fully operational until early 1942 and was transferred to France in May of that year. The flotilla escorted the commerce raider <a href="/wiki/German_auxiliary_cruiser_Stier" title="German auxiliary cruiser Stier"><i>Stier</i></a> through the English Channel from 12 to 19 May, during which British <a href="/wiki/Motor_torpedo_boat" title="Motor torpedo boat">motor torpedo boats</a> (MTBs) sank <i>Seeadler</i> and another torpedo boat on the 13th. <i>Falke</i> was refitted in <a href="/wiki/Wilhelmshaven" title="Wilhelmshaven">Wilhelmshaven</a> from June to August and returned to France. In September and October, <i>Möwe</i> was one of the escorts for German blockade runners sailing from ports in the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Biscay" title="Bay of Biscay">Bay of Biscay</a> en route to Japan. <i>Falke</i> and <i>Kondor</i> helped to escort the Italian blockade runner, <a href="/w/index.php?title=SS_Cortellazzo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SS Cortellazzo (page does not exist)">SS <i>Cortellazzo</i></a>, from <a href="/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux">Bordeaux</a> through the Bay of Biscay on 29–30 November.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Greif</i> was working up through the first couple of months of 1943; in March, she helped to escort the battleships and other ships as they moved from <a href="/wiki/Trondheim" title="Trondheim">Trondheim</a>, Norway, to <a href="/wiki/Altafjord" title="Altafjord">Altafjord</a>. Another Italian blockade runner, <i>Himalaya</i>, escorted by <i>Kondor</i> and three other torpedo boats, failed in her attempt to break through the Bay of Biscay when she was spotted by British aircraft and forced to return by heavy aerial attacks on 9–11 April. <i>Greif</i> screened a light cruiser from <a href="/wiki/Harstad" class="mw-redirect" title="Harstad">Harstad</a> to Trondheim and then to Kiel between 27 April and 3 May. On 3–7 May, <i>Greif</i>, <i>Möwe</i>, and <i>Jaguar</i> escorted minelayers in the North Sea as they laid new minefields. All four surviving boats laid two minefields in the English Channel on 4–6 June. Later that month the ships returned to the Bay of Biscay to help escort <a href="/wiki/U-boat" title="U-boat">U-boats</a> through the Bay and continued to do so into early August. <i>Möwe</i> and <i>Kondor</i> helped to lay two minefields in the English Channel on 3–5 September. <i>Kondor</i> and <i>Greif</i> followed this with another minefield there later that month.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 4th and 5th Torpedo Boat Flotillas, consisting <i>Greif</i>, <i>Möwe</i>, <i>Kondor</i>, <i>Jaguar</i>, and two other torpedo boats laid minefields in the Channel on 21 and 22 March 1944. A few days later, the flotilla laid a minefield on the night of 21/22 April. The following night the torpedo boats engaged British MTBs near <a href="/wiki/Cape_Barfleur" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Barfleur">Cape Barfleur</a> and sank one of them. Between 26 April and 1 May, the flotilla laid five minefields in the Channel. Three weeks later, they were ordered to transfer from <a href="/wiki/Cherbourg" title="Cherbourg">Cherbourg</a> to <a href="/wiki/Le_Havre" title="Le Havre">Le Havre</a> and departed on the night of 23/24 May. <i>Greif</i>, <i>Möwe</i>, <i>Falke</i>, <i>Kondor</i> and <i>Jaguar</i> were attacked by Allied aircraft early the next day and <i>Greif</i> was struck by two bombs. She sank a few hours later after being towed by <i>Möwe</i>. About an hour later, <i>Kondor</i> struck a mine and had to be towed by <i>Möwe</i> for the remainder of the voyage. <i>Kondor</i> began a lengthy refit in Le Havre, but was cannibalized for spare parts after the Allies landed in Normandy on 6 June.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As the Allies began landing in Normandy, the 5th Flotilla, now consisting of <i>Möwe</i>, <i>Falke</i>, <i>Jaguar</i> and the newly refitted torpedo boat <a href="/wiki/German_torpedo_boat_T29" title="German torpedo boat T29"><i>T29</i></a>, sortied multiple times from Le Havre over the next week in attempts to sink Allied shipping. They were generally unsuccessful, only sinking the Norwegian destroyer <a href="/wiki/HNoMS_Svenner_(G03)" title="HNoMS Svenner (G03)">HNoMS <i>Svenner</i></a> on 6 June. During an air raid by the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a> on the night of 14/15 June, bombs sank <i>Falke</i> and <i>Jaguar</i> and badly damaged <i>Möwe</i>. She finally sank on 16 June after some weapons and equipment had been <a href="/wiki/Marine_salvage" title="Marine salvage">salvaged</a>. <i>Kondor</i> was <a href="/wiki/Ship_decommissioning" class="mw-redirect" title="Ship decommissioning">decommissioned</a> on 28 June and was then declared a total loss after being hit by bombs on 31 July or 2 August.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Type_23_torpedo_boat&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"SMS" stands for "<i><a href="/wiki/Seiner_Majest%C3%A4t_Schiff" class="mw-redirect" title="Seiner Majestät Schiff">Seiner Majestät Schiff</a></i>" (German: <i lang="de">His Majesty's Ship</i>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In <a href="/wiki/Imperial_German_Navy" title="Imperial German Navy">Imperial German Navy</a> gun nomenclature, "SK" (<i>Schnelladekanone</i>) denotes that the gun is <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_ordnance_terms#QF" class="mw-redirect" title="List of British ordnance terms">quick firing</a>, while the L/45 denotes the length of the gun. In this case, the L/45 gun is 45 <a href="/wiki/Caliber_(artillery)" title="Caliber (artillery)">caliber</a>, meaning that the gun is 45 times as long as it is in diameter.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In <i>Kriegsmarine</i> gun nomenclature, SK stands for <i>Schiffskanone</i> (ship's gun), C/30 stands for <i>Constructionjahr</i> (construction year) 1930.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Type_23_torpedo_boat&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-g1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-g1_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-g1_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-g1_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-g1_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-g1_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-g1_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-g1_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gröner, p. 191</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Whitley 1991, p. 47</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-g12-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-g12_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-g12_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gröner, pp. 191–192</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-conways06_p237-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-conways06_p237_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-conways06_p237_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sieche, p. 237</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-w2-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-w2_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-w2_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-w2_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-w2_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Whitley 1991, p. 202</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Friedman, pp. 130–131</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Whitley_1991,_p._45-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Whitley_1991,_p._45_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Whitley_1991,_p._45_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Whitley 1991, p. 45</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Campbell, pp. 248–249</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Campbell, p. 263</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Campbell, p. 219</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Campbell, p. 258</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Whitley 1991, pp. 47, 202; Whitley 2000, pp. 57–58</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-w78-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-w78_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-w78_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Whitley 1991, pp. 207–208</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Whitley 1991, pp. 77–79</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Haar 2013, pp. 32–33</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-w9-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-w9_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-w9_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Whitley 1991, p. 79</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rohwer, pp. 2, 6, 8–11</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Haar 2009, pp. 83–84, 119–123, 128–129, 147–151, 153, 155–157, 163, 207–214, 377–379, 382</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rohwer, pp. 20, 22; Whitley 1991, p. 104</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rohwer, pp. 43, 45, 51–52; Whitley 1991, pp. 109, 208</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rohwer, pp. 57–58, 143, 151, 165, 198, 215; Whitley 1991, pp. 119–121, 144, 208; Whitley 2000, p. 58</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rohwer, pp. 148, 241, 254, 256, 270, 279; Whitley 1991, p. 144</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rohwer, pp. 312, 317–318, 324; Whitley 1991, p. 158</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rohwer, pp. 324, 331–332, 335, 345; Whitley 1991, p. 158</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Type_23_torpedo_boat&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCampbell1985" class="citation book cs1">Campbell, John (1985). <i>Naval Weapons of World War II</i>. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87021-459-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87021-459-2"><bdi>978-0-87021-459-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Naval+Weapons+of+World+War+II&rft.place=Annapolis%2C+Maryland&rft.pub=Naval+Institute+Press&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=978-0-87021-459-2&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AType+23+torpedo+boat" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFriedman2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Norman_Friedman" title="Norman Friedman">Friedman, Norman</a> (2011). <i>Naval Weapons of World War One: Guns, Torpedoes, Mines and ASW Weapons of All Nations; An Illustrated Directory</i>. Barnsley, UK: Seaforth Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84832-100-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84832-100-7"><bdi>978-1-84832-100-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Naval+Weapons+of+World+War+One%3A+Guns%2C+Torpedoes%2C+Mines+and+ASW+Weapons+of+All+Nations%3B+An+Illustrated+Directory&rft.place=Barnsley%2C+UK&rft.pub=Seaforth+Publishing&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-84832-100-7&rft.aulast=Friedman&rft.aufirst=Norman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AType+23+torpedo+boat" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGröner1990" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a href="/wiki/Erich_Gr%C3%B6ner" title="Erich Gröner">Gröner, Erich</a> (1990). <i>German Warships 1815–1945</i>. Vol. 1: Major Surface Warships. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87021-790-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-87021-790-9"><bdi>0-87021-790-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=German+Warships+1815%26ndash%3B1945&rft.place=Annapolis%2C+Maryland&rft.pub=Naval+Institute+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0-87021-790-9&rft.aulast=Gr%C3%B6ner&rft.aufirst=Erich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AType+23+torpedo+boat" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaarr2010" class="citation book cs1">Haarr, Geirr H. (2010). <i>The Battle for Norway – April–June 1940</i>. Barnsley, UK: Seaforth Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84832-057-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84832-057-4"><bdi>978-1-84832-057-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Battle+for+Norway+%E2%80%93+April%E2%80%93June+1940&rft.place=Barnsley%2C+UK&rft.pub=Seaforth+Publishing&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-84832-057-4&rft.aulast=Haarr&rft.aufirst=Geirr+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AType+23+torpedo+boat" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaarr2013" class="citation book cs1">Haarr, Geirr H. (2013). <i>The Gathering Storm: The Naval War in Northern Europe September 1939 – April 1940</i>. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59114-331-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59114-331-4"><bdi>978-1-59114-331-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gathering+Storm%3A+The+Naval+War+in+Northern+Europe+September+1939+%E2%80%93+April+1940&rft.place=Annapolis%2C+Maryland&rft.pub=Naval+Institute+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-59114-331-4&rft.aulast=Haarr&rft.aufirst=Geirr+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AType+23+torpedo+boat" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaarr2009" class="citation book cs1">Haarr, Geirr H. (2009). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/germaninvasionof00geir"><i>The German Invasion of Norway, April 1940</i></a></span>. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59114-310-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59114-310-9"><bdi>978-1-59114-310-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+German+Invasion+of+Norway%2C+April+1940&rft.place=Annapolis%2C+Maryland&rft.pub=Naval+Institute+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-59114-310-9&rft.aulast=Haarr&rft.aufirst=Geirr+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgermaninvasionof00geir&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AType+23+torpedo+boat" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRohwer2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_Rohwer" title="Jürgen Rohwer">Rohwer, Jürgen</a> (2005). <i>Chronology of the War at Sea 1939–1945: The Naval History of World War Two</i> (Third Revised ed.). Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-59114-119-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-59114-119-2"><bdi>1-59114-119-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chronology+of+the+War+at+Sea+1939%E2%80%931945%3A+The+Naval+History+of+World+War+Two&rft.place=Annapolis%2C+Maryland&rft.edition=Third+Revised&rft.pub=Naval+Institute+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1-59114-119-2&rft.aulast=Rohwer&rft.aufirst=J%C3%BCrgen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AType+23+torpedo+boat" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSieche1980" class="citation book cs1">Sieche, Erwin (1980). "Germany". In Chesneau, Roger (ed.). <i>Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1922–1946</i>. London: Conway Maritime Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85177-146-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-85177-146-7"><bdi>0-85177-146-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Germany&rft.btitle=Conway%27s+All+the+World%27s+Fighting+Ships+1922%E2%80%931946&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Conway+Maritime+Press&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=0-85177-146-7&rft.aulast=Sieche&rft.aufirst=Erwin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AType+23+torpedo+boat" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhitley2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_J._Whitley" title="Michael J. Whitley">Whitley, M. J.</a> (2000). <i>Destroyers of World War Two: An International Encyclopedia</i>. London: Cassell & Co. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85409-521-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-85409-521-8"><bdi>1-85409-521-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Destroyers+of+World+War+Two%3A+An+International+Encyclopedia&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Cassell+%26+Co.&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=1-85409-521-8&rft.aulast=Whitley&rft.aufirst=M.+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AType+23+torpedo+boat" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhitley1991" class="citation book cs1">Whitley, M. J. (1991). <i>German Destroyers of World War Two</i>. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55750-302-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-55750-302-8"><bdi>1-55750-302-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=German+Destroyers+of+World+War+Two&rft.place=Annapolis%2C+Maryland&rft.pub=Naval+Institute+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=1-55750-302-8&rft.aulast=Whitley&rft.aufirst=M.+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AType+23+torpedo+boat" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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href="/wiki/Template:Type_23_torpedo_boat" title="Template:Type 23 torpedo boat"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Type_23_torpedo_boat" title="Template talk:Type 23 torpedo boat"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Type_23_torpedo_boat" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Type 23 torpedo boat"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Type_23_torpedo_boats" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Type 23 torpedo boats</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_torpedo_boat_M%C3%B6we" title="German torpedo boat Möwe"><i>Möwe</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_torpedo_boat_Seeadler" title="German torpedo boat Seeadler"><i>Seeadler</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_torpedo_boat_Greif" title="German torpedo boat Greif"><i>Greif</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_torpedo_boat_Albatros" title="German torpedo boat Albatros"><i>Albatros</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_torpedo_boat_Kondor" title="German torpedo boat Kondor"><i>Kondor</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_torpedo_boat_Falke" title="German torpedo boat Falke"><i>Falke</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Followed by: <a href="/wiki/Type_24_torpedo_boat" title="Type 24 torpedo boat">Type 24</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_torpedo_boats_of_World_War_II" title="German torpedo boats of World War II">German torpedo boats of World War II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="German_naval_ship_classes_of_World_War_II" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:WWII_German_ships" title="Template:WWII German ships"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:WWII_German_ships" title="Template talk:WWII German ships"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:WWII_German_ships" title="Special:EditPage/Template:WWII German ships"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="German_naval_ship_classes_of_World_War_II" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kriegsmarine_ships" title="List of Kriegsmarine ships">German naval ship classes of World War II</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Aircraft_carrier" title="Aircraft carrier">Aircraft carriers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Graf_Zeppelin-class_aircraft_carrier" title="Graf Zeppelin-class aircraft carrier"><i>Graf Zeppelin</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_aircraft_carrier_I_(1942)" title="German aircraft carrier I (1942)">I</a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>X</sup></span><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>V</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jade-class_aircraft_carrier" title="Jade-class aircraft carrier"><i>Jade</i></a> <span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>X</sup></span><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>V</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_cruiser_Seydlitz" title="German cruiser Seydlitz"><i>Seydlitz</i></a> <span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>X</sup></span><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>V</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_aircraft_carrier_II" title="German aircraft carrier II">II</a> <span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>X</sup></span><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>V</sup></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Capital_ship" title="Capital ship">Capital ships</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scharnhorst-class_battleship" title="Scharnhorst-class battleship"><i>Scharnhorst</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bismarck-class_battleship" title="Bismarck-class battleship"><i>Bismarck</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H-class_battleship_proposals" title="H-class battleship proposals">H</a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>X</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O-class_battlecruiser" title="O-class battlecruiser">O</a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>X</sup></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Pre-dreadnought" class="mw-redirect" title="Pre-dreadnought">Pre-dreadnought</a> <a href="/wiki/Battleship" title="Battleship">battleships</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deutschland-class_battleship" title="Deutschland-class battleship"><i>Deutschland</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Heavy_cruiser" title="Heavy cruiser">Heavy cruisers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deutschland-class_cruiser" title="Deutschland-class cruiser"><i>Deutschland</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Admiral_Hipper-class_cruiser" title="Admiral Hipper-class cruiser"><i>Admiral Hipper</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P-class_cruiser" title="P-class cruiser">P</a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>X</sup></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Light_cruiser" title="Light cruiser">Light cruisers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gazelle-class_cruiser" title="Gazelle-class cruiser"><i>Gazelle</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_cruiser_Emden" title="German cruiser Emden"><i>Emden</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6nigsberg-class_cruiser_(1927)" title="Königsberg-class cruiser (1927)"><i>Königsberg</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leipzig-class_cruiser" title="Leipzig-class cruiser"><i>Leipzig</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M-class_cruiser" title="M-class cruiser">M</a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>X</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A4hkreuzer_1938" title="Spähkreuzer 1938">Spähkreuzer</a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>X</sup></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Destroyer" title="Destroyer">Destroyers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Type_1934_destroyers" title="Type 1934 destroyers">Type 1934</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_1934A_destroyers" title="Type 1934A destroyers">Type 1934A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_1936_destroyers" title="Type 1936 destroyers">Type 1936</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_1936A_destroyer" title="Type 1936A destroyer">Type 1936A/<i>Narvik</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_1936A-class_destroyer#1936A_(Mob)" class="mw-redirect" title="Type 1936A-class destroyer">Type 1936A(Mob)/<i>Narvik</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_1936B_destroyer" title="Type 1936B destroyer">Type 1936B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_1936C_destroyer" title="Type 1936C destroyer">Type 1936C</a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>X</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_1942_destroyer" class="mw-redirect" title="Type 1942 destroyer">Type 1942</a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/German_torpedo_boats_of_World_War_II" title="German torpedo boats of World War II">Torpedo boats</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Type 23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_24_torpedo_boat" title="Type 24 torpedo boat">Type 24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_35_torpedo_boat" title="Type 35 torpedo boat">Type 35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_37_torpedo_boat" title="Type 37 torpedo boat">Type 37</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_39_torpedo_boat" title="Type 39 torpedo boat">Type 39</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_40_torpedo_boat" title="Type 40 torpedo boat">Type 40</a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>X</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_41_torpedo_boat" title="Type 41 torpedo boat">Type 41</a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>X</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_44_torpedo_boat" title="Type 44 torpedo boat">Type 44</a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>X</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torpedoboot_Ausland" title="Torpedoboot Ausland">Ausland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/U-boat" title="U-boat">U-boats</a> (<a href="/wiki/Submarine" title="Submarine">submarines</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Type_I_submarine" title="Type I submarine">Type I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_II_submarine" title="Type II submarine">Type II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_VII_submarine" title="Type VII submarine">Type VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_IX_submarine" title="Type IX submarine">Type IX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_X_submarine" title="Type X submarine">Type X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_XIV_submarine" title="Type XIV submarine">Type XIV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_XVII_submarine" title="Type XVII submarine">Type XVII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_XXI_submarine" title="Type XXI submarine">Type XXI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_XXIII_submarine" title="Type XXIII submarine">Type XXIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_XXVI_submarine" title="Type XXVI submarine">Type XXVI</a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>X</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncompleted_U-boat_projects" title="Uncompleted U-boat projects">Uncompleted projects</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/E-boat" title="E-boat">E-boats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R_boat" title="R boat">R boats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M-class_minesweeper_(Germany)" title="M-class minesweeper (Germany)">M-class minesweepers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F-class_escort_ship" title="F-class escort ship">F-class escort ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_merchantmen#German_auxiliary_cruiser_raiders" class="mw-redirect" title="Armed merchantmen">Auxiliary cruisers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vorpostenboot" title="Vorpostenboot">Vorpostenboot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marinef%C3%A4hrprahm" title="Marinefährprahm">Marinefährprahm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siebel_ferry" title="Siebel ferry">Siebel ferry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sperrbrecher" title="Sperrbrecher">Sperrbrecher</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <dl><dt>S</dt> <dd>Single ship of class</dd> <dt>X</dt> <dd>Cancelled</dd> <dt>V</dt> <dd>Conversions</dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Type_23_torpedo_boat&oldid=1253062132">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Type_23_torpedo_boat&oldid=1253062132</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a 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