CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-CA"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,10"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <title>Adding a personal prefix | </title> <link rel="profile" href="https://gmpg.org/xfn/11"> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/tether/1.4.0/js/tether.min.js" integrity="sha384-DztdAPBWPRXSA/3eYEEUWrWCy7G5KFbe8fFjk5JAIxUYHKkDx6Qin1DkWx51bBrb" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/wp-content/themes/eastcree_twentytwenty/favicon.ico" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/wp-content/themes/eastcree_twentytwenty/favicon.png" /> <meta name='robots' content='max-image-preview:large' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//s.w.org' /> <script type="text/javascript"> window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/13.1.0\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/13.1.0\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/www.eastcree.org\/cree\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=5.9.3"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(e,a,t){var n,r,o,i=a.createElement("canvas"),p=i.getContext&&i.getContext("2d");function s(e,t){var a=String.fromCharCode;p.clearRect(0,0,i.width,i.height),p.fillText(a.apply(this,e),0,0);e=i.toDataURL();return p.clearRect(0,0,i.width,i.height),p.fillText(a.apply(this,t),0,0),e===i.toDataURL()}function c(e){var t=a.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=t.type="text/javascript",a.getElementsByTagName("head")[0].appendChild(t)}for(o=Array("flag","emoji"),t.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},r=0;r<o.length;r++)t.supports[o[r]]=function(e){if(!p||!p.fillText)return!1;switch(p.textBaseline="top",p.font="600 32px Arial",e){case"flag":return s([127987,65039,8205,9895,65039],[127987,65039,8203,9895,65039])?!1:!s([55356,56826,55356,56819],[55356,56826,8203,55356,56819])&&!s([55356,57332,56128,56423,56128,56418,56128,56421,56128,56430,56128,56423,56128,56447],[55356,57332,8203,56128,56423,8203,56128,56418,8203,56128,56421,8203,56128,56430,8203,56128,56423,8203,56128,56447]);case"emoji":return!s([10084,65039,8205,55357,56613],[10084,65039,8203,55357,56613])}return!1}(o[r]),t.supports.everything=t.supports.everything&&t.supports[o[r]],"flag"!==o[r]&&(t.supports.everythingExceptFlag=t.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&t.supports[o[r]]);t.supports.everythingExceptFlag=t.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!t.supports.flag,t.DOMReady=!1,t.readyCallback=function(){t.DOMReady=!0},t.supports.everything||(n=function(){t.readyCallback()},a.addEventListener?(a.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",n,!1),e.addEventListener("load",n,!1)):(e.attachEvent("onload",n),a.attachEvent("onreadystatechange",function(){"complete"===a.readyState&&t.readyCallback()})),(n=t.source||{}).concatemoji?c(n.concatemoji):n.wpemoji&&n.twemoji&&(c(n.twemoji),c(n.wpemoji)))}(window,document,window._wpemojiSettings); </script> <style type="text/css"> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://www.eastcree.org/cree/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=5.9.3' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> body{--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--duotone--dark-grayscale: url('#wp-duotone-dark-grayscale');--wp--preset--duotone--grayscale: url('#wp-duotone-grayscale');--wp--preset--duotone--purple-yellow: url('#wp-duotone-purple-yellow');--wp--preset--duotone--blue-red: url('#wp-duotone-blue-red');--wp--preset--duotone--midnight: url('#wp-duotone-midnight');--wp--preset--duotone--magenta-yellow: url('#wp-duotone-magenta-yellow');--wp--preset--duotone--purple-green: url('#wp-duotone-purple-green');--wp--preset--duotone--blue-orange: url('#wp-duotone-blue-orange');--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='eastcree_twentytwenty-style-bootstrap-reboot-css' href='https://www.eastcree.org/cree/wp-content/themes/eastcree_twentytwenty/css/bootstrap-reboot.min.css?ver=5.9.3' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='eastcree_twentytwenty-style-bootstrap-css' href='https://www.eastcree.org/cree/wp-content/themes/eastcree_twentytwenty/css/bootstrap.min.css?ver=5.9.3' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='eastcree_twentytwenty-style-bootstrap-grid-css' href='https://www.eastcree.org/cree/wp-content/themes/eastcree_twentytwenty/css/bootstrap-grid.min.css?ver=5.9.3' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='eastcree_twentytwenty-theme-css' href='https://www.eastcree.org/cree/wp-content/themes/eastcree_twentytwenty/css/eastcree_twentytwenty_theme.css?version=20210104&ver=5.9.3' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='eastcree_twentytwenty-style-css' href='https://www.eastcree.org/cree/wp-content/themes/eastcree_twentytwenty/style.css?ver=5.9.3' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='eastcree_twentytwenty-glyphicon-css' href='https://www.eastcree.org/cree/wp-content/themes/eastcree_twentytwenty/css/glyphicon.css?ver=5.9.3' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='eastcree_twentytwenty-fontawesome-css' href='https://www.eastcree.org/cree/wp-content/themes/eastcree_twentytwenty/css/all.css?ver=5.9.3' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.eastcree.org/cree/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.6.0' id='jquery-core-js'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.eastcree.org/cree/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.3.2' id='jquery-migrate-js'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.eastcree.org/cree/wp-content/themes/eastcree_twentytwenty/js/jquery-3.1.1.min.js?ver=3.1.1' id='eastcree_twentytwenty-script-jquery-js'></script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" type="application/json" href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/11798" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <link rel="wlwmanifest" type="application/wlwmanifest+xml" href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/wp-includes/wlwmanifest.xml" /> <meta name="generator" content="WordPress 5.9.3" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/spelling-east-cree/northern/boundaries/personal-prefix/" /> <link rel='shortlink' href='https://www.eastcree.org/cree/?p=11798' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eastcree.org%2Fcree%2Fen%2Fgrammar%2Fspelling-east-cree%2Fnorthern%2Fboundaries%2Fpersonal-prefix%2F" /> <link rel="alternate" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eastcree.org%2Fcree%2Fen%2Fgrammar%2Fspelling-east-cree%2Fnorthern%2Fboundaries%2Fpersonal-prefix%2F&format=xml" /> <meta name="keywords" content="cree, language, personal-prefix"/> <style type="text/css"> .user-buttons { position: absolute; top:25px; right:25px; min-height: 45px; display:block; margin-bottom: 1rem; width: 100%; text-align: right; } #header { /* The image used */ background-image: url("https://www.eastcree.org/cree/wp-content/themes/eastcree_twentytwenty/images/banner13.jpg"); /* Set a specific height */ height: 15vh padding: 0; /* Create the parallax scrolling effect */ background-attachment: fixed; background-position: center; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: cover; } #header .breadcrumb a { color: white } #header .breadcrumb { background: transparent; color: white; } @media (min-width: 768px) { #header { height: 15vh; } } @media (min-width: 992px) { #header { height: 20vh; } } #spelling-side { display: none } #cite table { border: 0 !important; padding: 1em; border-radius: .3rem; } #cite table tr > td { background: white; display: block; } #cite table tr:first-of-type > td span[style*="ff0000"] { color: #fff !important; } #cite table tr:first-of-type > td span[style*="ff0000"]:before { content: "https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/spelling-east-cree/northern/boundaries/personal-prefix/";color: #333 !important; } #cite table tr:nth-of-type(3) > td span[style*="ff0000"]{ color: #fff !important;} #cite table tr:nth-of-type(3) > td span[style*="ff0000"]:before { content: "24 Nov. 2024";color: #333 !important; } .head {page-break-after: avoid; padding-bottom: 1em} h1 + *,h2 + *,h3 + *,h4 + *,h5 + *,h6 + *,h7+ *,.head + * { page-break-before: avoid; } @page { size:auto; margin: 25mm 25mm 25mm 25mm; border:1px solid #ccc} body {padding-top:170px;/**/} .navbar-inverse .navbar-nav .nav-link {color:white;} .navbar-inverse .navbar-nav .current-nav-item .nav-link, .navbar-inverse .navbar-nav .current-page-ancestor >.nav-link { color:#fd7/*rgba(255,255,255,0.55)*/;} .admin-bar .fixed-top { top:31px;} #wpadminbar { z-index: 1000} h1,h2,h3,h4 { font-weight:300; } .sidebar .list-item > a { /*white-space: nowrap;*/ overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; max-width: calc(100% - 50px); } </style> <style type="text/css" media="print"> #cite {display:block !important; position: relative !important; break-inside: avoid; margin-top:2em; margin-bottom: 2em; background: none !important; box-shadow: none !important;} #cite > div { position: relative !important;background: none !important; ;} p, page-id-10214 div, table {page-break-inside: avoid;} h1 + *,h2 + *,h3 + *,h4 + *,h5 + *,h6 + *,h7+ *,.head + * { page-break-before: avoid;} @page { size:auto; margin 25mm 25mm 25mm 25mm; border:1px solid #ccc} </style> </head> <body class="page-template-default page page-id-11798 page-child parent-pageid-11778" > <nav id="main-navbar" class="navbar navbar-expand-md bg-primary navbar-inverse fixed-top d-print-none mb-5" role="navigation" style="/*background-color: rgba(63,0,0,0.8) !important;*/"> <button class="navbar-toggler text-white" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbar-collapse-1" aria-controls="navbar-collapse-1" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> </button> <a class="navbar-brand " style="color:#ddd" href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/" rel="home"> </a> <div class=" collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbar-collapse-1"> <div class="col-9 "><ul class="navbar-nav mr-auto"><li id="nav-item-12190" class="nav-item nav-item-type-post_type nav-item-object-page nav-item-12190"><a class="nav-link" href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/about/">About</a></li> <li id="nav-item-12191" class="nav-item nav-item-type-post_type nav-item-object-page nav-item-12191"><a class="nav-link" href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/stories/">Stories</a></li> <li id="nav-item-12192" class="nav-item nav-item-type-post_type nav-item-object-page current-page-ancestor active nav-item-12192"><a class="nav-link" href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/">Grammar</a></li> <li id="nav-item-13533" class="nav-item nav-item-type-post_type nav-item-object-page current-page-ancestor active nav-item-13533"><a class="nav-link" href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/spelling-east-cree/">Spelling</a></li> <li id="nav-item-12193" class="nav-item nav-item-type-post_type nav-item-object-page nav-item-12193"><a class="nav-link" href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/lessons/">Lessons</a></li> <li id="nav-item-12194" class="nav-item nav-item-type-post_type nav-item-object-page nav-item-12194"><a class="nav-link" href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/terminology/">Terminology</a></li> <li id="nav-item-12195" class="nav-item nav-item-type-post_type nav-item-object-page nav-item-12195"><a class="nav-link" href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/dictionary/">Dictionary</a></li> <li id="nav-item-12196" class="nav-item nav-item-type-post_type nav-item-object-page nav-item-12196"><a class="nav-link" href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/resources/">Resources</a></li> <li id="nav-item-13085" class="nav-item nav-item-type-post_type nav-item-object-page nav-item-13085"><a class="nav-link" href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/catalogue/">Catalogue</a></li> </ul></div> <form class="form-inline col" action="https://www.eastcree.org/cree"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" name="s" value="" placeholder="search" onchange="this.form.submit()"> </form> <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-inverse navbar-right "> <li> </li> <li style="min-width: 75px;" class="dropdown "> <a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle text-white" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">English</a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li class=" active"><a class="text-white" href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/" >English</a></li> <li class=""><a class="text-white" href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/fr/" >Français</a></li> <li class=""><a class="text-white cree" href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/nc/" >ᐊᑎᒫᐲᓯᒻ</a></li> <li class=""><a class="text-white cree" href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/sc/" >ᔖᐧᐊᓅᑖᐦᒡ</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a class="btn-sm" href="#"></a></li> </ul> <script type="text/javascript"> //adjust menu function adjustMenu(){ $("ul.nav > li.page_item_has_children > a").addClass("dropdown-toggle").attr("data-toggle","dropdown").attr("role","button").attr( "aria-expanded","false").append(''); $("li.page_item_has_children").removeClass("page_item_has_children").addClass("dropdown"); $("li.current-menu-item, li.current_page_parent, li.current_page ").addClass("active"); } </script> </div> </nav> <header id="header" class="d-print-none "> <div class=" row" style="/*background-color: rgba(0,0,0,0.3);*/ margin-top:-115px;"> <div class="col"> <div class="scene"> <div class="cube" > <div class="cube-face front" style=" "> East Cree language resources </div> <div class="cube-face back bg-snow" > ᒥᔪᒪᑯᔐᒌᔑᑲᓂᐦᑖᐦ miyumakushechiishikanihtaah </div> <div class="cube-face left bg-snow" > ᒑ ᐧᐄᐦ ᒥᔪᐱᔨᔨᓐ ᒑ ᐅᔅᒋᐱᐳᐦᒡ chaa wiih miyupiyiyin chaa uschipipuhch </div> <div class="cube-face right bg-snow"> Happy new year! Bonne année! </div> </div> </div>  </div> <div class="d-none col-md-6 d-md-block col-lg-7 text-right" style=" max-height:100px;background: transparent url(https://www.atlas-ling.ca/img/atlas-logo.png) no-repeat top right ; background-size: contain; "> </div> </div> <div class="d-none container-fluid mt-5 d-md-block" style="position: absolute; margin:0; padding:.35rem; bottom:0; left:0; right:0; background-color: rgba(0,0,0,0.3);"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-1"> </div> <div class="col-10 d-md-block"> <ol class="breadcrumb" style="margin:0; padding:0;"> <li class="breadcrumb-item"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/">Home</a></li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/" class="">English</a></li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/" class="">Grammar</a></li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/spelling-east-cree/" class="">Spelling East Cree</a></li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/spelling-east-cree/northern/" class="">Spelling Northern East Cree</a></li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/spelling-east-cree/northern/boundaries/" class="">Boundaries</a></li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/spelling-east-cree/northern/boundaries/personal-prefix/" class="">Adding a personal prefix</a></li> </ol> </div> </div> </div> </header> <main id="main" class="main container-fluid"> <section class="row" id="container"> <div id="sidenav" class="d-none d-md-block col-8 col-md-4 col-lg-3 "> <div class=" sidebar " id="sidebarnav"> <div class="card d-block"> <div class="card-header" style="font-size: 2em"> <img style="max-height: 80px" class=" rounded-circle" src="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/wp-content/themes/eastcree_twentytwenty/images/grammar.jpg"> Grammar </div> <ul class="list-group list-group-flush"><li class="page_item list-item page-item-13855"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/east-cree-dialects/">East Cree dialects</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-86 page_item list-item_has_children"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/">Northern Dialect Grammar</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-93 page_item list-item_has_children"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/nouns/">Nouns</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-101"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/nouns/inflections-number/">Number Inflection</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-105"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/nouns/inflections-gender/">Gender Inflection</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-3761 page_item list-item_has_children"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/nouns/inflections-obviative/">Obviative Inflection</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-4412"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/nouns/inflections-obviative/story-analysis/">Story Analysis</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-119"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/nouns/inflections-locative/">Locative Inflection</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-124"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/nouns/inflections-person/">Inflections: Person</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-4797"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/nouns/inflections-person-extended/">Inflections: Person-extended</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-4778"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/nouns/inflections-person-dependent/">Inflections: Person-Dependent</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-130"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/nouns/inflections-diminutive/">Diminutive Inflection</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-210"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/nouns/simulative/">Simulative Inflection</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-127"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/nouns/inflections-vocative/">Vocative Inflection</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-206"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/nouns/noun-paradigms/">Noun Paradigms</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-212 page_item list-item_has_children"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/nouns/noun-stems/">Noun Stems</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-4200"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/nouns/noun-stems/noun-stems-vowel-u/">vowel + u</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-220"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/nouns/noun-stems/noun-stems-vowel-i/">vowel + i</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-218"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/nouns/noun-stems/noun-stems-consonant-w/">consonant + w</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-222"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/nouns/noun-stems/noun-stems-s/">-s</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-95 page_item list-item_has_children"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/verbs/">Verbs</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-14039"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/verbs/cree-northern-verb-conjugation-applet-legend/">Cree Northern Verb Conjugation Applet Legend</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-228 page_item list-item_has_children"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/verbs/cree-verbs/">Cree Verbs</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-231"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/verbs/cree-verbs/transitivity/">Transitivity</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-233"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/verbs/cree-verbs/gender/">Gender</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-235 page_item list-item_has_children"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/verbs/cree-verb-classes/">Cree Verb Classes</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-240"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/verbs/cree-verb-classes/vii/">VII</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-242"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/verbs/cree-verb-classes/vti/">VTI</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-244 page_item list-item_has_children"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/verbs/cree-verb-classes/vta/">VTA</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-250"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/verbs/cree-verb-classes/vta/vta-person-prefix/">VTA Person Prefix</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-252"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/verbs/cree-verb-classes/vta/vta-theme-suffix/">VTA Theme Suffix</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-238"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/verbs/cree-verb-classes/vta/vta-additional/">Additional VTA Verb Classes</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-246 page_item list-item_has_children"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/verbs/cree-verb-classes/vai/">VAI</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-254"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/verbs/cree-verb-classes/vai/vai-explicit/">VAI with Explicit Goals</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-256"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/verbs/cree-verb-classes/vai/vai-implicit/">VAI with Implicit Goals</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-10817"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/verbs/cree-verb-classes/vai-o/">VAI + O</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-248"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/verbs/cree-verb-classes/participles/">Participles (nominalizations)</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-258 page_item list-item_has_children"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/verbs/cree-verb-inflection/">Cree Verb Inflection</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-262"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/verbs/cree-verb-inflection/initial-change/">Initial Change</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-267 page_item list-item_has_children"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/verbs/cree-verb-inflection/orders/">Orders</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-271 page_item list-item_has_children"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/verbs/cree-verb-inflection/orders/orders-independent/">Independent Orders</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-277"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/verbs/cree-verb-inflection/orders/orders-independent/orders-01/">01: Independent Indicative Neutral</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-275"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/verbs/cree-verb-inflection/orders/orders-independent/orders-02/">02: Independent Indicative Neutral – Subjective</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-279"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/verbs/cree-verb-inflection/orders/orders-independent/orders-03/">03: Independent Indicative Preterit</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-281"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/verbs/cree-verb-inflection/orders/orders-independent/orders-05/">05: Independent Indirect</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-283"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/verbs/cree-verb-inflection/orders/orders-independent/orders-06/">06: Independent Indirect Subjective</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-285"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/verbs/cree-verb-inflection/orders/orders-independent/orders-09/">09: Independent Dubitative Neutral</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-287"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/verbs/cree-verb-inflection/orders/orders-independent/orders-10/">10: Independent Dubitative Preterit</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-273 page_item list-item_has_children"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/verbs/cree-verb-inflection/orders/orders-conjunct/">Conjunct Orders</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-289"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/verbs/cree-verb-inflection/orders/orders-conjunct/orders-11/">11: Conjunct Indicative Neutral</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-293"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/verbs/cree-verb-inflection/orders/orders-conjunct/orders-12a/">12a: Conjunct Indicative Neutral- Subjunctive</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-291"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/verbs/cree-verb-inflection/orders/orders-conjunct/orders-12b/">12b: Conjunct Indicative Neutral – Habitual/Iterative</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-295"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/verbs/cree-verb-inflection/orders/orders-conjunct/orders-14/">14: Conjunct Dubitative Neutral</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-297"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/verbs/cree-verb-inflection/orders/orders-conjunct/orders-15/">15: Conjunct Dubitative Preterit</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-269"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/verbs/cree-verb-inflection/orders/orders-imperative/">Imperative Order</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-9919"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/verbs/cree-verb-inflection/person-inflection/">Person Inflection</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-299 page_item list-item_has_children"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/verbs/cree-verb-stems/">Cree Verb Stems</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-304"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/verbs/cree-verb-stems/vii/">VII</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-306"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/verbs/cree-verb-stems/vti/">VTI</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-308"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/verbs/cree-verb-stems/vta/">VTA</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-310"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/verbs/cree-verb-stems/vai/">VAI</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-301"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/verbs/preverbs/">Preverbs</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-98 page_item list-item_has_children"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/pronouns/">Pronouns</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-312"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/pronouns/personal-emphatic/">Personal Emphatic</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-314"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/pronouns/personal-prefixes/">Personal: Prefixes</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-318"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/pronouns/personal-inclusive/">Personal: Inclusive</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-316"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/pronouns/alternative/">Alternative Pronouns</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-325"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/pronouns/indefinite/">Indefinite Pronouns</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-327"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/pronouns/interrogative/">Interrogative</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-2907"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/pronouns/interrogative-place-2/">Interrogative: Place or selection</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-331"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/pronouns/dubitative/">Dubitative</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-335"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/pronouns/dubitative-selection/">Dubitative: Selection</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-333"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/pronouns/dubitative-animate/">Dubitative: aawiichaa</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-337"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/pronouns/demonstrative/">Demonstrative Pronouns</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-339"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/pronouns/absentative/">Absentative Pronouns</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-341"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/pronouns/hesitation/">Hesitation Pronouns</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-343"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/pronouns/focus/">Focus Pronouns</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-345"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/pronouns/identification/">Identification Pronouns</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-2961"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/particles/">Particles</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-5826 page_item list-item_has_children"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/word-formation/">Word Formation</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-5886"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/word-formation/strategies-to-create-new-words/">Strategies to Create New Words</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-5883"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/word-formation/word-structure/">Word Structure</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-5925 page_item list-item_has_children"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/word-formation/noun-structure/">Noun Structure</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-5929"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/word-formation/noun-structure/primary-noun-stems/">Primary Noun Stems</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-6018"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/word-formation/noun-structure/short-forms-of-animal-nouns-acting-as-finals-a5/">Stems with Two Elements: Animal Nouns</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-6038"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/word-formation/noun-structure/nouns-made-from-verbs-b2/">Nouns Ending in -kin</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-5998"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/word-formation/noun-structure/compound-nouns-a4/">Noun + Noun final (concrete, body part)</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-6031"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/word-formation/noun-structure/nouns-made-from-verbs-b1/">Nouns Ending in -win</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-5933"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/word-formation/noun-structure/compound-nouns-a1/">Noun Stem + Noun Stem</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-5977"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/word-formation/noun-structure/compound-nouns-a3/">Verb Stem + Noun Stem</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-5948"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/word-formation/noun-structure/compound-nouns-a2/">Preform + Noun Stem</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-6064"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/word-formation/noun-structure/nouns-ending-in-siu/">Nouns Ending in -siu</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-6076 page_item list-item_has_children"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/word-formation/verb-structure/">Verb Structure</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-6075"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/word-formation/verb-structure/stem-with-one-element/">Stem with one element</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-6084"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/word-formation/verb-structure/compound-verbs-c1/">Verb + Verb</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-6092"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/word-formation/verb-structure/compound-verbs-c2/">Verb Stem + Final</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-6098"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/word-formation/verb-structure/compound-verbs-c3/">Preform / Preverb + Verb Final</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-6104"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/word-formation/verb-structure/compound-verbs-c4/">Verbs of Appearance</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-6110"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/word-formation/verb-structure/compound-verbs-c5/">Noun + Verb</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-5529"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/word-formation/verb-structure/compound-verbs-c6/">Initial + Verb Final</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-6126"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/word-formation/verb-structure/compound-verbs-c7/">Initial + Medial + Final</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-6133"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/word-formation/verb-structure/compound-verbs-c8/">Preform / Preverb + Verb</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-6152"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/word-formation/verb-structure/making-a-verb-from-a-noun-d1/">Verbs of Possession</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-6158"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/word-formation/verb-structure/verbs-of-being/">Verbs of Being</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-6163"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/word-formation/verb-structure/verbs-of-creation/">Verbs of Creation</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-6173"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/word-formation/verb-structure/making-a-verb-from-a-noun-d4/">Verbs of Abundance</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-6179"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/word-formation/verb-structure/making-a-verb-from-a-particle-e/">Making a Verb From a Particle</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-6185"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/word-formation/verb-structure/making-a-verb-into-a-new-verb-f1/">Causative Verbs</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-7467"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/word-formation/verb-structure/reciprocal-verbs-secondary-derived-verbs-f2-2/">Reciprocal Verbs</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-6193"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/word-formation/verb-structure/making-a-verb-into-a-new-verb-f2/">Reflexive Verbs</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-6199"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/word-formation/verb-structure/making-a-verb-into-a-new-verb-f3/">Applicative Verbs</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-6211"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/word-formation/verb-structure/verbs-of-general-action/">Verbs of General Action</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-6021"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/word-formation/complex-particles-a6/">Particle Structure</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-9249"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/northern-dialect/word-formation/reduplication/">Reduplication</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-89 page_item list-item_has_children"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/">Southern Dialect Grammar</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-143 page_item list-item_has_children"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/nouns/">Nouns</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-145"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/nouns/inflections-number/">Number Inflection</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-151"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/nouns/inflections-gender/">Gender Inflection</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-166 page_item list-item_has_children"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/nouns/inflections-obviative/">Obviative Inflection</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-4299"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/nouns/inflections-obviative/story-analysis/">Story Analysis</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-154"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/nouns/inflections-locative/">Locative Inflection</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-168"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/nouns/inflections-person/">Inflections: Person</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-4780"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/nouns/inflections-person-extended/">Inflections: Person-Extended</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-4786"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/nouns/inflections-person-dependent/">Inflections: Person-Dependent</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-170"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/nouns/inflections-vocative/">Vocative Inflection</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-172"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/nouns/inflections-diminutive/">Diminutive Inflection</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-174"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/nouns/simulative/">Simulative Inflection</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-176"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/nouns/noun-paradigms/">Noun Paradigms</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-2675 page_item list-item_has_children"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/nouns/stem/">Noun Stems</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-4354"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/nouns/stem/noun-stems-vowel-u/">vowel + u</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-4388"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/nouns/stem/noun-stems-vowel-i/">vowel + i</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-4382"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/nouns/stem/noun-stems-consonant-w/">consonant + w</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-2673"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/nouns/stem/noun-stems-s/">-s/-sh</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-736 page_item list-item_has_children"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/verbs/">Verbs</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-14041"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/verbs/cree-southern-verb-conjugation-applet-legend/">Cree Southern Verb Conjugation Applet Legend</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-5985"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/verbs/preverbs/">Preverbs</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-738 page_item list-item_has_children"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/verbs/cree-verbs/">Cree Verbs</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-740"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/verbs/cree-verbs/transitivity/">Transitivity</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-742"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/verbs/cree-verbs/gender/">Gender</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-744 page_item list-item_has_children"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/verbs/cree-verb-classes/">Cree Verb Classes</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-746"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/verbs/cree-verb-classes/vii/">VII</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-748"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/verbs/cree-verb-classes/vti/">VTI</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-750 page_item list-item_has_children"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/verbs/cree-verb-classes/vta/">VTA</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-774"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/verbs/cree-verb-classes/vta/vta-person-prefix/">VTA Person Prefix</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-776"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/verbs/cree-verb-classes/vta/vta-theme-suffix/">VTA Theme Suffix</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-778"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/verbs/cree-verb-classes/vta/vta-additional/">Additional VTA Verb Classes</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-752 page_item list-item_has_children"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/verbs/cree-verb-classes/vai/">VAI</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-754"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/verbs/cree-verb-classes/vai/vai-explicit/">VAI with Explicit Goals</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-756"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/verbs/cree-verb-classes/vai/vai-implicit/">VAI with Implicit Goals</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-10810"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/verbs/cree-verb-classes/vai-o/">VAI + O</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-758"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/verbs/cree-verb-classes/participles/">Participles (nominalizations)</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-7660 page_item list-item_has_children"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/verbs/cree-verb-inflection/">Cree Verb Inflection</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-7838"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/verbs/cree-verb-inflection/initial-change/">Initial Change</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-7667 page_item list-item_has_children"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/verbs/cree-verb-inflection/orders/">Orders</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-7671 page_item list-item_has_children"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/verbs/cree-verb-inflection/orders/orders-independent/">Independent Orders</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-7676"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/verbs/cree-verb-inflection/orders/orders-independent/orders-01/">01: Independent Indicative Neutral</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-7688"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/verbs/cree-verb-inflection/orders/orders-independent/orders-02/">02: Independent Indicative Neutral – Subjective</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-7748"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/verbs/cree-verb-inflection/orders/orders-independent/orders-09/">09: Independent Dubitative Neutral</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-7805"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/verbs/cree-verb-inflection/orders/orders-independent/orders-10/">10: Independent Dubitative Preterit</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-7812 page_item list-item_has_children"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/verbs/cree-verb-inflection/orders/orders-conjunct/">Conjunct Orders</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-7824"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/verbs/cree-verb-inflection/orders/orders-conjunct/orders-11/">11: Conjunct Indicative Neutral</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-7835"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/verbs/cree-verb-inflection/orders/orders-conjunct/orders-12a/">12a: Conjunct Indicative Neutral-Subjunctive</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-7842"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/verbs/cree-verb-inflection/orders/orders-conjunct/orders-12b/">12b: Conjunct Indicative Neutral – Habitual/Iterative</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-7849"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/verbs/cree-verb-inflection/orders/orders-conjunct/orders-14/">14: Conjunct Dubitative Neutral</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-7854"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/verbs/cree-verb-inflection/orders/orders-conjunct/orders-15/">15: Conjunct Dubitative Preterit</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-7864"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/verbs/cree-verb-inflection/orders/orders-imperative/">Imperative Order</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-9920"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/verbs/cree-verb-inflection/person-inflection/">Person Inflection</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-8260 page_item list-item_has_children"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/verbs/cree-verb-stems/">Cree Verb Stems</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-8286"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/verbs/cree-verb-stems/vii/">VII</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-8359"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/verbs/cree-verb-stems/vta/">VTA</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-8348"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/verbs/cree-verb-stems/vti/">VTI</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-8319"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/verbs/cree-verb-stems/vai/">VAI</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-2831 page_item list-item_has_children"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/pronouns/">Pronouns</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-2842"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/pronouns/personal-emphatic/">Personal-Emphatic</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-2853"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/pronouns/personal-prefixes/">Personal-Prefixes</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-2833"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/pronouns/personal-inclusive/">Personal Inclusive</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-2840"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/pronouns/alternative/">Alternative Pronouns</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-2861"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/pronouns/indefinite/">Indefinite Pronouns</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-2851"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/pronouns/interrogative/">Interrogative</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-2859"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/pronouns/interrogative-place/">Interrogative-Place</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-2865"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/pronouns/interrogative-selection/">Interrogative-Selection</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-2835"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/pronouns/dubitative/">Dubitative</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-2857"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/pronouns/dubitative-place/">Dubitative-Place</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-2848"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/pronouns/demonstrative/">Demonstrative Pronouns</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-2855"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/pronouns/absentative/">Absentative Pronouns</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-9156"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/pronouns/hesitation/">Hesitation Pronouns</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-2845"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/pronouns/focus/">Focus Pronouns</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-6331"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/particles/">Particles</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-4806 page_item list-item_has_children"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/word-formation/">Word Formation</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-4809"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/word-formation/strategies-to-create-new-words/">Strategies to Create New Words</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-4830"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/word-formation/word-structure/">Word Structure</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-4851 page_item list-item_has_children"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/word-formation/noun-structure/">Noun Structure</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-4865"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/word-formation/noun-structure/primary-noun-stems/">Primary Noun Stems</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-5011"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/word-formation/noun-structure/short-forms-of-animal-nouns-acting-as-finals-a5/">Stems with Two Elements – Animal Nouns</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-5187"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/word-formation/noun-structure/nouns-made-from-verbs-b2/">Nouns Ending in -kan</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-4970"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/word-formation/noun-structure/compound-nouns-a4-not-published/">Noun + Noun final (concrete, body part)</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-5164"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/word-formation/noun-structure/verb-stem-win/">Nouns Ending in -win</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-5254"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/word-formation/noun-structure/nouns-made-from-verbs-b4/">Nouns Ending in -suu</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-5535"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/word-formation/noun-structure/nouns-made-from-verbs-b3/">Participles or Nominalizations</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-4898"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/word-formation/noun-structure/compound-nouns-a1/">Noun Stem + Noun Stem</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-4957"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/word-formation/noun-structure/verb-noun/">Verb Stem + Noun Stem</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-4923"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/word-formation/noun-structure/preform-noun/">Preform + Noun Stem</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-4858 page_item list-item_has_children"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/word-formation/verb-structure/">Verb Structure</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-5400"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/word-formation/verb-structure/stem-one-element/">Stem with one element</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-5408"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/word-formation/verb-structure/compound-verbs-c1/">Verb + Verb</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-5427"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/word-formation/verb-structure/verb-stem-final-secondary-derivation-c2/">Verb Stem + Final</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-5502"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/word-formation/verb-structure/compound-verbs-c3/">Preform + Verb Final</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-5515"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/word-formation/verb-structure/verbs-of-appearance-derived-verbs-c4/">Verbs of Appearance</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-5525"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/word-formation/verb-structure/compound-verbs-c5/">Noun + Verb</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-6121"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/word-formation/verb-structure/initial-verb-final-primary-derived-verbs-c6/">Initial + Verb Final</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-5561"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/word-formation/verb-structure/initial-medial-final-primary-derived-verb-c7/">Initial + Medial + Final</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-5567"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/word-formation/verb-structure/compound-verbs-c8/">Preverb + Verb</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-5575"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/word-formation/verb-structure/verbs-of-possession-secondary-derived-verbs-d1/">Verbs of Possession</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-5599"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/word-formation/verb-structure/verbs-of-being-secondary-derived-verbs-d2/">Verbs of Being</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-5615"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/word-formation/verb-structure/verbs-of-creation-secondary-derived-verbs-d3/">Verbs of Creation</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-5626"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/word-formation/verb-structure/verbs-of-abundance-secondary-derived-verbs-d4/">Verbs of Abundance</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-5639"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/word-formation/verb-structure/making-a-verb-from-a-particle-primary-derived-verbs-e/">Making a Verb From a Particle</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-5662"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/word-formation/verb-structure/making-a-verb-into-a-new-verb-f1/">Causative Verbs</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-6553"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/word-formation/verb-structure/reciprocal-verbs-secondary-derived-verbs-f2-2/">Reciprocal Verbs</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-5689"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/word-formation/verb-structure/reflexive-verbs-secondary-derived-verbs-f2-1/">Reflexive Verbs</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-5700"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/word-formation/verb-structure/applicative-verbs-secondary-derived-verbs-f3/">Applicative Verbs</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-5707"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/word-formation/verb-structure/verbs-of-general-action-secondary-derived-verbs-f4/">Verbs of General Action</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-5125"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/word-formation/complex-particles-a6/">Particle Structure</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-5290"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/southern-dialect/word-formation/reduplication-south/">Reduplication</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-11457 page_item list-item_has_children current_page_ancestor"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/spelling-east-cree/">Spelling East Cree</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-11469 page_item list-item_has_children current_page_ancestor"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/spelling-east-cree/northern/">Spelling Northern East Cree</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-11770"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/spelling-east-cree/northern/dialect-differences/">Dialect Differences</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-11771"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/spelling-east-cree/northern/use-of-dots/">The Use of Dots</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-11772 page_item list-item_has_children"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/spelling-east-cree/northern/syllabic-finals/">Syllabic Finals</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-11809"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/spelling-east-cree/northern/syllabic-finals/end-of-word/">Small syllabic symbols at the end of a word</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-11810"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/spelling-east-cree/northern/syllabic-finals/middle-of-word/">No ᒻ or ᓐ in the middle of a word</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-11811"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/spelling-east-cree/northern/syllabic-finals/k-kw-end-of-word/">ᒃ and ᒄ at the end of a word</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-11812"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/spelling-east-cree/northern/syllabic-finals/ending-added/">How the syllabic finals change when an ending is added.</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-11813"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/spelling-east-cree/northern/syllabic-finals/sa-sha/">ᔅ and ᔥ</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-11814 page_item list-item_has_children"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/spelling-east-cree/northern/syllabic-finals/use-of-h-final/">The use of the ᐦ (h) final</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-11825"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/spelling-east-cree/northern/syllabic-finals/use-of-h-final/h-middle/">ᐦ in the middle of a word</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-11826"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/spelling-east-cree/northern/syllabic-finals/use-of-h-final/h-end/">ᐦ at the end of a word</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-11827"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/spelling-east-cree/northern/syllabic-finals/use-of-h-final/locative-suffix/">Locative suffix</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-11828"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/spelling-east-cree/northern/syllabic-finals/use-of-h-final/verb-suffix/">ᐦ (h) in Verb Suffixes</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-11773"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/spelling-east-cree/northern/i-ii-ya/">ᐃ, ᐄ and ᔨ</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-11774"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/spelling-east-cree/northern/not-forget-write/">Syllabic symbols not to forget to write</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-11775"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/spelling-east-cree/northern/double-consonants/">Double consonants</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-11776"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/spelling-east-cree/northern/noun-endings/">Adding endings to nouns</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-11777"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/spelling-east-cree/northern/siu-sii-end-word/">ᓯᐤ and ᓲ at the end of a word</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-11778 page_item list-item_has_children current_page_ancestor current_page_parent"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/spelling-east-cree/northern/boundaries/">Boundaries</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-11798 current_page_item active list-item"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/spelling-east-cree/northern/boundaries/personal-prefix/" aria-current="page">Adding a personal prefix</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-11799"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/spelling-east-cree/northern/boundaries/preverbs/">Using preverbs</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-11800"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/spelling-east-cree/northern/boundaries/compound-words/">Making compound words</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-11779"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/spelling-east-cree/northern/punctuation/">Punctuation</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-11803"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/spelling-east-cree/northern/writing-names/">Writing Names</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-11804"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/spelling-east-cree/northern/sro/">Standard Roman Orthography (SRO)</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-11470 page_item list-item_has_children"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/spelling-east-cree/southern/">Spelling Southern East Cree</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-11472"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/spelling-east-cree/southern/dialect-differences/">Dialect Differences</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-11502"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/spelling-east-cree/southern/use-of-dots/">The Use of Dots</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-11532 page_item list-item_has_children"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/spelling-east-cree/southern/syllabic-finals/">Syllabic Finals</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-11538"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/spelling-east-cree/southern/syllabic-finals/end-of-word/">Small syllabic symbols at the end of a word</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-11539"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/spelling-east-cree/southern/syllabic-finals/middle-of-word/">No ᒻ or ᓐ in the middle of a word</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-11540"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/spelling-east-cree/southern/syllabic-finals/k-kw-end-of-word/">ᒃ and ᒄ at the end of a word</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-11541"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/spelling-east-cree/southern/syllabic-finals/ending-added/">How the small syllabic symbols change when an ending is added</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-11542"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/spelling-east-cree/southern/syllabic-finals/sa-sha/">ᔅ and ᔥ</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-11543 page_item list-item_has_children"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/spelling-east-cree/southern/syllabic-finals/use-of-h-final/">The use of the ᐦ (h) final</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-11555"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/spelling-east-cree/southern/syllabic-finals/use-of-h-final/h-middle/">ᐦ (h) in the middle of a word</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-11556"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/spelling-east-cree/southern/syllabic-finals/use-of-h-final/h-final/">ᐦ at the end of a word</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-11557"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/spelling-east-cree/southern/syllabic-finals/use-of-h-final/locative-suffix/">ᐦ (h) in the locative suffix</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-11558"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/spelling-east-cree/southern/syllabic-finals/use-of-h-final/verb-suffix/">ᐦ (h) in verb suffixes</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-11544"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/spelling-east-cree/southern/syllabic-finals/large-syllabic-symbols-that-sound-like-finals/">Large syllabic symbols that sound like finals</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-11573 page_item list-item_has_children"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/spelling-east-cree/southern/i-ii-ya/">ᐃ, ᐄ and ᔨ</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-11581"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/spelling-east-cree/southern/i-ii-ya/i-ya-end-word/">ᐃ or ᔨ at the end of words</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-11582"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/spelling-east-cree/southern/i-ii-ya/ii-i-middle-word/">ᐄ and ᐃ in the middle of a word</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-11583"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/spelling-east-cree/southern/i-ii-ya/using-ya/">Using ᔨ</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-11584"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/spelling-east-cree/southern/i-ii-ya/new-spelling/">New spelling for ᑖᐤ and ᑕᑯᓐ, ᑐᑕᒻ and ᑐᑕᐧᐁᐤ</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-11574"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/spelling-east-cree/southern/not-forget-write/">Syllabic symbols not to forget to write</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-11575"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/spelling-east-cree/southern/noun-endings/">Adding endings to nouns and verbs</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-11576 page_item list-item_has_children"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/spelling-east-cree/southern/boundaries/">Boundaries</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-11612"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/spelling-east-cree/southern/boundaries/personal-prefix/">Adding a personal prefix</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-11613"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/spelling-east-cree/southern/boundaries/preverbs/">Using a preverb</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-11614"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/spelling-east-cree/southern/boundaries/compound-words/">Making compound words</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-11577"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/spelling-east-cree/southern/new-spellings-2015/">New spellings as of summer 2015</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-11578"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/spelling-east-cree/southern/punctuation/">Punctuation</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-11579"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/spelling-east-cree/southern/writing-names/">Writing Names</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-12324"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/spelling-east-cree/southern/sro/">Standard Roman Orthography (SRO)</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-91 page_item list-item_has_children"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/sounds-east-cree/">The Sounds of East Cree</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-1377"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/sounds-east-cree/site-map-for-the-sounds-of-east-cree/">Site Map for the Sounds of East Cree</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-928"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/sounds-east-cree/methodology/">Methodology</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-393 page_item list-item_has_children"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/sounds-east-cree/orthography/">Orthography</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-395 page_item list-item_has_children"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/sounds-east-cree/orthography/roman/">Roman</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-2789"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/sounds-east-cree/orthography/roman/glottal-stops/">Glottal Stops</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-397"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/sounds-east-cree/orthography/rationale/">Rationale</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-950 page_item list-item_has_children"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/sounds-east-cree/sounds/">Sounds</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-2302"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/sounds-east-cree/sounds/syllabification/">Syllabification</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-401 page_item list-item_has_children"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/sounds-east-cree/sounds/consonants/">Consonants</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-403 page_item list-item_has_children"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/sounds-east-cree/sounds/consonants/plosives/">Plosives</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-405"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/sounds-east-cree/sounds/consonants/plosives/about-plosives/">About Plosives</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-1052"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/sounds-east-cree/sounds/consonants/plosives/voicing-3/">Voicing</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-932"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/sounds-east-cree/sounds/consonants/affricates/">Affricates</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-407 page_item list-item_has_children"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/sounds-east-cree/sounds/consonants/fricatives/">Fricatives</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-1084"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/sounds-east-cree/sounds/consonants/fricatives/h-sounds2/">H-sounds</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-409 page_item list-item_has_children"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/sounds-east-cree/sounds/consonants/nasals/">Nasals</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-4761"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/sounds-east-cree/sounds/consonants/nasals/mi-ni/">MI / NI</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-411"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/sounds-east-cree/sounds/consonants/glides/">Glides</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-413 page_item list-item_has_children"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/sounds-east-cree/sounds/vowels/">Vowels</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-415 page_item list-item_has_children"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/sounds-east-cree/sounds/vowels/about-vowels/">About Vowels</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-973"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/sounds-east-cree/sounds/vowels/about-vowels/long-short/">long-short</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-417"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/sounds-east-cree/sounds/vowels/tense-vowels/">Tense Vowels</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-419"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/sounds-east-cree/sounds/vowels/lax-vowels/">Lax Vowels</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-421"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/sounds-east-cree/sounds/vowels/diphthongs/">Diphthongs</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-975 page_item list-item_has_children"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/sounds-east-cree/sounds/vowels/silent-vowels/">Silent Vowels</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-1195 page_item list-item_has_children"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/sounds-east-cree/sounds/vowels/silent-vowels/silent-letter-spelling/">Silent Letter Spelling</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-1207"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/sounds-east-cree/sounds/vowels/silent-vowels/silent-letter-spelling/final-u/">Final U</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-425"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/sounds-east-cree/sounds/vowels/vowel-listening-practice/">Vowel Listening Practice</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-427 page_item list-item_has_children"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/sounds-east-cree/sounds/consonant-clusters/">Consonant Clusters</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-429"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/sounds-east-cree/sounds/consonant-clusters/s-or-sh-clusters/">S or SH Clusters</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-431"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/sounds-east-cree/sounds/consonant-clusters/h-clusters/">H Clusters</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-433"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/sounds-east-cree/sounds/consonant-clusters/vowel-deletion/">Vowel Deletion</a> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-435"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/sounds-east-cree/sounds/consonant-clusters/w-clusters/">W Clusters</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-437 page_item list-item_has_children"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/sounds-east-cree/sounds/accent/">Accent</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item list-item page-item-439"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/sounds-east-cree/sounds/accent/hearing-accent/">Hearing Accent</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="card d-block mt-3 border "><div class="card-header "><h4 class="card-title">Resource Topics</h2> </div><div class='card-body'> <ul> <li class="cat-item cat-item-1"><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/category/news/">News</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="card d-block mt-3 border "> <div class="card-header "><h4 class="card-title">Most Recent Articles</h2> </div><div class='card-body'> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/celebrating-20-years-of-providing-east-cree-resources/">Celebrating 20 years of providing East Cree resources</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> function adjustSidebar(){ $(".sidebar .current_page_ancestor > .btn > span.glyphicon, .sidebar .current_page_item > .btn > span.glyphicon").toggleClass("glyphicon-plus").toggleClass("glyphicon-minus"); //console.log($(".sidebar .current_page_ancestor > .btn > span.glyphicon")); $("body").addClass("ancestor-23"); $(".sidebar .card-body ul").addClass('list-group list-group-flush'); $(".sidebar .card-body ul > li").addClass('list-item '); $(".sidebar .current-cat").addClass('active '); } </script> </div> <div class="col col-lg-9 " id="content"> <a id="topOfPage"></a> <div class="row"> <div class="col"> <article id="post-11798" class="post-11798 page type-page status-publish hentry"> <div class="entry-content"> <h1 class="pg-title">Spelling East Cree (Northern) – Boundaries</h1> <div class="spelling-main"> <h3 class="head">Adding a personal prefix</h3> <h5>Personal Prefix on Nouns</h5> The personal prefixes are ᓂ, ᒋ, ᐅ are added to possessed nouns. The personal prefixes ᓂ, ᒋ are added to Independent verb stems. They are written joined to the word or the first preverb. <table class="clear"><tbody><tr><th> </th> <th>ᔒᔒᑉ</th> </tr><tr><td class="bjcex">ᓃᔨ</td> <td class="bjcex">ᓂᔒᔒᐱᒻ</td> </tr><tr><td class="bjcex">ᒌᔨ</td> <td class="bjcex">ᒋᔒᔒᐱᒻ</td> </tr><tr><td class="bjcex">ᐧᐄᔨ</td> <td class="bjcex">ᐅᔒᔒᐱᒻᐦ</td> </tr><tr><td class="bjcex">ᓃᔮᓐ</td> <td class="bjcex">ᓂᔒᔒᐱᒥᓈᓐ</td> </tr><tr><td class="bjcex">ᒌᔮᓂᐤ</td> <td class="bjcex">ᒋᔒᔒᐱᒥᓂᐤ</td> </tr><tr><td class="bjcex">ᐧᐄᔨᐧᐋᐤ</td> <td class="bjcex">ᒋᔒᔒᐱᒥᐙᐤ</td> </tr><tr><td class="bjcex"> </td> <td class="bjcex">ᐅᔒᔒᐱᒥᐙᐤᐦ</td> </tr></tbody></table>If the word begins with ᐃ or ᐊ, then add ᓂᑎ, ᒋᑎ, or ᐅᑎ. <table class="clear"><tbody><tr><th> </th> <th>ᐊᐙᔑᔥ</th> </tr><tr><td class="bjcex">ᓃᔨ</td> <td class="bjcex">ᓂᑎᐙᔑᔒᒻ</td> </tr><tr><td class="bjcex">ᒌᔨ</td> <td class="bjcex">ᒋᑎᐙᔑᔒᒻ</td> </tr><tr><td class="bjcex">ᐧᐄᔨ</td> <td class="bjcex">ᐅᑎᐙᔑᔒᒻᐦ</td> </tr></tbody></table><table class="clear"><tbody><tr><th> </th> <th>ᐃᔅᒀᐤ</th> </tr><tr><td class="bjcex">ᓃᔨ</td> <td class="bjcex">ᓂᑎᔅᒀᒻ</td> </tr><tr><td class="bjcex">ᒌᔨ</td> <td class="bjcex">ᒋᑎᔅᒀᒻ</td> </tr><tr><td class="bjcex">ᐧᐄᔨ</td> <td class="bjcex">ᐅᑎᔅᒀᒻᐦ</td> </tr></tbody></table>If the noun begins with ᐅ, then use ᓅ for the first person (ᓃᔨ my, ᓃᔮᓐ our but not your) and ᑰ for the second person (ᒌᔮᓂᐤ our (you and I), ᒌᔨ, ᒌᔨᐧᐋᐤ your); for the third person (ᐧᐄᔨ her/his, ᐧᐄᔨᐧᐋᐤ their) use a long ᐆ: <table class="clear"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4">ᐅᑖᐹᓐ</th> </tr><tr><td>my</td> <td class="bjcex">ᓅᑖᐹᓐ</td> <td>our</td> <td class="bjcex">ᓅᑖᐹᓂᓈᓐ</td> </tr><tr><td> </td> <td class="bjcex"> </td> <td>our</td> <td class="bjcex">ᑰᑖᐹᓂᓂᐤ</td> </tr><tr><td>your</td> <td class="bjcex">ᑰᑖᐹᓐ</td> <td>your</td> <td class="bjcex">ᑰᑖᐹᓂᐧᐋᐤ</td> </tr><tr><td>her/his</td> <td class="bjcex">ᐆᑖᐹᓐ</td> <td>their</td> <td class="bjcex">ᐆᑖᐹᓂᐧᐋᐤ</td> </tr></tbody></table>Note that some people would like to write ᐅ twice for ᐆᑖᐹᓐ: ᐅᐅᑖᐹᓐ but this creates problems with the current technology where all double vowels are automatically converted to long vowels in typing tools and syllabic convertors. Note that it is very common for children to use ᒎ instead of ᑰ in words (this is a language change that makes it more regular): <table class="clear"><tbody><tr><th>Write the traditional form…</th> <th>Not…</th> </tr><tr><td class="bjcex">ᑰᐦᑖᐐ</td> <td class="bjcex">ᒎᐦᑖᐐ</td> </tr><tr><td class="bjcex">ᑰᑖᐹᓐ</td> <td class="bjcex">ᒎᑖᐹᓐ</td> </tr><tr><td class="bjcex">ᑰᓯᓯᒻ</td> <td class="bjcex">ᒎᓯᓯᒻ</td> </tr></tbody></table>For some nouns these prefixes are already part of the word. These words are mostly names of relatives and body parts and are called dependent nouns (marked nad or nid in the dictionary) <table class="clear"><tbody><tr><td class="bjcex">ᓂᑯᓯᔅ</td> <td class="bjcex">ᓂᔅᑳᑦ</td> </tr><tr><td class="bjcex">ᒋᑯᓯᔅ</td> <td class="bjcex">ᒋᔅᑳᑦ</td> </tr><tr><td class="bjcex">ᐅᑯᓯᔅᐦ</td> <td class="bjcex">ᐅᔅᑳᑦ</td> </tr></tbody></table>A few dependent nouns are not the names of relatives or body parts. <table class="clear"><tbody><tr><th class="cree">ᐊᑎᒻ</th> <th class="cree"> </th> <th class="cree">ᒥᑖᔅ</th> <th class="cree">ᒦᐎᑦ</th> </tr><tr><td class="bjcex">ᓂᑖᒻ</td> <td class="bjcex">ᓃᒡ</td> <td class="bjcex">ᓂᑖᔅ</td> <td class="bjcex">ᓃᐎᑦ</td> </tr><tr><td class="bjcex">ᒋᑖᒻ</td> <td class="bjcex">ᒌᒡ</td> <td class="bjcex">ᒋᑖᔅ</td> <td class="bjcex">ᒌᐎᑦ</td> </tr><tr><td class="bjcex">ᐅᑖᒻᐦ</td> <td class="bjcex">ᐐᒡ</td> <td class="bjcex">ᐅᑖᔅ</td> <td class="bjcex">ᐐᐎᑦ</td> </tr></tbody></table>The word ᐊᐳᐃ has different pronunciations: <table class="clear"><tbody><tr><th>Full form (possessive prefix + t + apui)</th> <th>Contracted form</th> </tr><tr><td class="bjcex">ᓂᑎᐳᐃ</td> <td class="bjcex">ᓂᐳᐃ</td> </tr><tr><td class="bjcex">ᒋᑎᐳᐃ</td> <td class="bjcex">ᒋᐳᐃ</td> </tr><tr><td class="bjcex">ᐅᑎᐳᐃᐦ</td> <td class="bjcex">ᐅᐳᐃᐦ</td> </tr></tbody></table><h5>Personal Prefix on Verbs</h5> The personal prefixes ᓂ, ᒋ are added to Independent verb stems. They are joined to the word or the first preverb. Note that there is no personal prefix added before the third person (he, she) forms. <table class="clear"><tbody><tr><th> </th> <th>ᒥᔅᑭᒻ</th> </tr><tr><td class="bjcex">ᓃᔨ</td> <td class="bjcex">ᓂᒥᔅᑳᓐ</td> </tr><tr><td class="bjcex">ᒌᔨ</td> <td class="bjcex">ᒋᒥᔅᑳᓐ</td> </tr><tr><td class="bjcex">ᐧᐄᔨ</td> <td class="bjcex">ᒥᔅᑭᒻ</td> </tr><tr><td class="bjcex">ᓃᔮᓐ</td> <td class="bjcex">ᓂᒥᔅᑳᓈᓐ</td> </tr><tr><td class="bjcex">ᒌᔮᓂᐤ</td> <td class="bjcex">ᒋᒥᔅᑳᓈᓂᐤ</td> </tr><tr><td class="bjcex">ᒌᔨᐧᐋᐤ</td> <td class="bjcex">ᒋᒥᔅᑳᓈᐙᐤ</td> </tr></tbody></table>If the verb begins with ᐃ or ᐊ, then add ᓂᑎ, ᒋᑎ, or ᐅᑎ. <table class="clear"><tbody><tr><th> </th> <th>ᐊᐱᐤ</th> <th>ᐃᔅᒀᓲ</th> </tr><tr><td class="bjcex">ᓃᔨ</td> <td class="bjcex">ᓂᑎᐱᓐ</td> <td class="bjcex">ᓂᑎᔅᒀᓱᓐ</td> </tr><tr><td class="bjcex">ᒌᔨ</td> <td class="bjcex">ᒋᑎᐱᓐ</td> <td class="bjcex">ᒋᑎᔅᒀᓱᓐ</td> </tr><tr><td class="bjcex">ᐧᐄᔨ</td> <td class="bjcex">ᐊᐱᐤ</td> <td class="bjcex">ᐃᔅᒀᓲ</td> </tr></tbody></table>If the verb begins with ᐅ, then use ᓅ for the first person (ᓃᔨ I, ᓃᔮᓐ we (but not you) and ᑰ for the second person (ᒌᔨ you singular, ᒌᔮᓂᐤ we (you and I), ᒌᔨᐧᐋᐤ ‘you [plural]’); for the third person no personal prefix is used on verbs. <table class="clear"><tbody><tr><th> </th> <th>ᐅᐦᒌᐤ</th> <th>ᐅᑎᓂᒻ</th> </tr><tr><td class="bjcex">ᓃᔨ</td> <td class="bjcex">ᓅᐦᒌᓐ</td> <td class="bjcex">ᓅᑎᓈᓐ</td> </tr><tr><td class="bjcex">ᒌᔨ</td> <td class="bjcex">ᑰᐦᒌᓐ</td> <td class="bjcex">ᑰᑎᓈᓐ</td> </tr><tr><td class="bjcex">ᓃᔮᓐ</td> <td class="bjcex">ᓅᐦᒌᓈᓐ</td> <td class="bjcex">ᓅᑎᓈᓈᓐ</td> </tr><tr><td class="bjcex">ᒌᔮᓂᐤ</td> <td class="bjcex">ᑰᐦᒌᓈᓂᐤ</td> <td class="bjcex">ᑰᑎᓈᓂᐤ</td> </tr><tr><td class="bjcex">ᒌᔨᐧᐋᐤ</td> <td class="bjcex">ᑰᐦᒌᓈᐧᐋᐤ</td> <td class="bjcex">ᑰᑎᓈᓈᐧᐋᐤ</td> </tr><tr><td class="bjcex">ᐐᔨ</td> <td class="bjcex">ᐅᐦᒌᐤ</td> <td class="bjcex">ᐅᑎᓂᒻ</td> </tr><tr><td class="bjcex">ᐐᔨᐙᐤ</td> <td class="bjcex">ᐅᐦᒌᐧᐃᒡ</td> <td class="bjcex">ᐅᑎᓂᒧᒡ</td> </tr></tbody></table>Note that it is very common for children to use ᒎ instead of ᑰ in words, due to regular language change : <table class="clear"><tbody><tr><th>Write…</th> <th>Not…</th> </tr><tr><td class="bjcex">ᑰᐦᑖᐐ</td> <td class="bjcex">ᒎᐦᑖᐐ</td> </tr><tr><td class="bjcex">ᑰᑖᐹᓐ</td> <td class="bjcex">ᒎᑖᐹᓐ</td> </tr><tr><td class="bjcex">ᑰᓯᓯᒻ</td> <td class="bjcex">ᒎᓯᓯᒻ</td> </tr></tbody></table>See also: <a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/spelling-east-cree/southern/boundaries/personal-prefix/">Spelling East Cree – Southern Dialect – Adding a personal prefix</a> </div> <div class="spelling-side"> <h3 class="head">Table of Contents</h3> <ul class="spelling-nav"><li><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/spelling-east-cree/northern/">Introduction</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/spelling-east-cree/northern/part-one-dialect-differences/">Dialect Differences</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/spelling-east-cree/northern/part-two-the-use-of-dots/">ᒋᐦᑲᔥᑖᑲᓐᐦ The Use of Dots</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/spelling-east-cree/northern/part-three-syllabic-finals/">Syllabic Finals</a> <ul class="spelling-nav"><li><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/spelling-east-cree/northern/part-three-syllabic-finals/3-1-syllabic-finals-at-the-end-of-the-word/">Small syllabic symbols at the end of the word</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/spelling-east-cree/northern/part-three-syllabic-finals/3-2-no-%e1%92%bb-or-%e1%93%90-in-the-middle-of-a-word/">No ᒻ or ᓐ in the middle of a word</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/spelling-east-cree/northern/part-three-syllabic-finals/3-3-%e1%92%83-and-%e1%92%84-at-the-end-of-a-word/">ᒃ and ᒄ at the end of a word</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/spelling-east-cree/northern/part-three-syllabic-finals/3-4-how-the-syllabic-finals-change-when-an-ending-is-added/">How the syllabic finals change when an ending is added</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/spelling-east-cree/northern/part-three-syllabic-finals/3-5-%e1%94%85-and-%e1%94%a5/">ᔅ and ᔥ</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/spelling-east-cree/northern/part-three-syllabic-finals/3-6-the-use-of-the-%e1%90%a6-h-final/">The use of the ᐦ (h) final</a> <ul class="spelling-nav"><li><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/spelling-east-cree/northern/part-three-syllabic-finals/3-6-the-use-of-the-%e1%90%a6-h-final/3-6-1-%e1%90%a6-in-the-middle-of-a-word/">ᐦ in the middle of a word</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/spelling-east-cree/northern/part-three-syllabic-finals/3-6-the-use-of-the-%e1%90%a6-h-final/3-6-2-%e1%90%a6-at-the-end-of-a-word/">ᐦ at the end of a word</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/spelling-east-cree/northern/part-three-syllabic-finals/3-6-the-use-of-the-%e1%90%a6-h-final/3-6-3-locative-suffix/">Locative suffix</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/spelling-east-cree/northern/part-three-syllabic-finals/3-6-the-use-of-the-%e1%90%a6-h-final/3-6-4-%e1%90%a6-h-in-verb-suffixes/">ᐦ (h) in verb suffixes</a></li> </ul></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/spelling-east-cree/northern/part-four-%e1%90%83-and-%e1%94%a8/">ᐃ, ᐄ and ᔨ</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/spelling-east-cree/northern/part-five-syllabic-symbols-at-the-beginning-of-a-word/">Syllabic symbols not to forget to write</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/spelling-east-cree/northern/part-six-double-consonants/">Double consonants</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/spelling-east-cree/northern/part-seven-adding-endings-to-nouns/">Adding endings to nouns</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/spelling-east-cree/northern/part-eight-%e1%93%af%e1%90%a4-and-%e1%93%b2-at-the-end-of-a-word/">ᓯᐤ and ᓲ at the end of a word</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/spelling-east-cree/northern/part-nine-boundaries/">Boundaries</a> <ul class="spelling-nav"><li><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/spelling-east-cree/northern/part-nine-boundaries/9-1-adding-a-personal-prefix/">Adding a personal prefix</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/spelling-east-cree/northern/part-nine-boundaries/9-2-using-preverbs/">Using preverbs</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/spelling-east-cree/northern/part-nine-boundaries/9-3-making-compound-words/">Making compound words</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/spelling-east-cree/northern/part-ten-punctuation/">Punctuation</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/spelling-east-cree/northern/part-eleven-writing-names/">Writing Names</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.eastcree.org/cree/en/grammar/spelling-east-cree/northern/part-twelve-standard-roman-orthography-sro/">Standard Roman Orthography (SRO)</a></li> </ul></div> <div style="clear: both;"> </div><div id="cite" style="z-index: 2000000; display: none; position: fixed; top: 0; right: 0; left: 0; bottom: 0;"> <div style="z-index: 2000000; position: fixed; background: rgba(0,0,0,0.5); top: 0; right: 0; left: 0; bottom: 0;"> </div> <div style="z-index: 5000000; position: relative; margin: 10% auto; width: 800px; min-height: 200px; max-height: 600px; background-color: white; border-radius: 1em; padding: 1em 2em;"> <table style="max-width: 100%;"><tbody><tr><td style="font-weight: bold;">APA:</td> <td>Bobbish Salt, L., Duff, A., Visitor, L., MacKenzie, M., & Junker, M.-O. (2016). Spelling East Cree For Eastern James Bay Cree Syllabics (Northern Dialect). Retrieved from [URL]</td> </tr><tr><td> </td> <td> </td> </tr><tr><td style="font-weight: bold;">MLA:</td> <td>Luci Bobbish Salt, Alice Duff, Linda Visitor, Marguerite MacKenzie & Marie-Odile Junker. Spelling East Cree For Eastern James Bay Cree Syllabics (Northern Dialect). 2016. [date]</td> </tr></tbody></table>[URL] = website address, beginning with “http://” [Date] = the date you accessed the page, styled as follows: 13 Dec. 2015 </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div class="col-2 hidden-sm hidden-md d-none d-lg-block d-xl-block d-print-none"> <nav id="page-navigator" class="nav flex-column"> </nav> </div> </div>  <section class="mt-3" style="border-top: 1px solid #eee"> <nav> <ul class="nav flex-column"> </ul> </nav> </section> <a href="#topOfPage" id="topOfPageLink" style="" class="btn btn-outline-primary" title="top of page"> </a> </div> </section> </main> <footer id="footer" class="footer d-print-none" style=""> <div class=" container-fluid"> <div class="row"> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="pull-right"> Last modified: November 11, 2019 </div> <div class="pull-left" style="color: #d3d3d3"> </div> <div class="center-block"> ©2000-2024 www.eastcree.org </div> </div> <div class="row"> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.eastcree.org/cree/wp-content/themes/eastcree_twentytwenty/js/bootstrap.min.js?ver=20170520' id='eastcree_twentytwenty-script-bootstrap-js'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.eastcree.org/cree/wp-content/themes/eastcree_twentytwenty/js/all.js?ver=20170520' id='eastcree_twentytwenty-script-fontawesome-js'></script> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col col-xs-6 text-danger"> Data-mining and scraping strictly prohibited. </div> <div class="col col-xs-6 text-right text-danger"> L’extraction des données est strictement interdite </div> </div> </div> </footer> <script type="text/javascript"> </script>  <script type="text/javascript"> var _paq = _paq || []; _paq.push(['trackPageView']); _paq.push(['enableLinkTracking']); (function() { var u="//webstats.atlas-ling.ca/"; _paq.push(['setTrackerUrl', u+'piwik.php']); _paq.push(['setSiteId', 1]); var d=document, g=d.createElement('script'), s=d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; g.type='text/javascript'; g.async=true; g.defer=true; g.src=u+'piwik.js'; s.parentNode.insertBefore(g,s); })(); </script> <noscript><img src="https://webstats.atlas-ling.ca/piwik.php?idsite=1" style="border:0;" alt="" /></noscript>  <script type="text/javascript"> var images = ['https://www.eastcree.org/cree/wp-content/themes/eastcree_twentytwenty/images/banner1.jpg', 'https://www.eastcree.org/cree/wp-content/themes/eastcree_twentytwenty/images/banner2.jpg', 'https://www.eastcree.org/cree/wp-content/themes/eastcree_twentytwenty/images/banner3.jpg', 'https://www.eastcree.org/cree/wp-content/themes/eastcree_twentytwenty/images/banner4.jpg', 'https://www.eastcree.org/cree/wp-content/themes/eastcree_twentytwenty/images/banner5.jpg', 'https://www.eastcree.org/cree/wp-content/themes/eastcree_twentytwenty/images/banner6.jpg', 'https://www.eastcree.org/cree/wp-content/themes/eastcree_twentytwenty/images/banner7.jpg', 'https://www.eastcree.org/cree/wp-content/themes/eastcree_twentytwenty/images/banner8.jpg', 'https://www.eastcree.org/cree/wp-content/themes/eastcree_twentytwenty/images/banner9.jpg', 'https://www.eastcree.org/cree/wp-content/themes/eastcree_twentytwenty/images/banner10.jpg', 'https://www.eastcree.org/cree/wp-content/themes/eastcree_twentytwenty/images/banner11.jpg', 'https://www.eastcree.org/cree/wp-content/themes/eastcree_twentytwenty/images/banner12.jpg', 'https://www.eastcree.org/cree/wp-content/themes/eastcree_twentytwenty/images/banner13.jpg', ]; var imagesQueue =[]; var imageTimer=false; var deg =0; $( function () { try{ adjustMenu(); }catch(err){ console.log(err); } try{ adjustSidebar(); } catch (err) { console.log(err); } try { imageTimer = setInterval(function () { if (imagesQueue.length < 1) imagesQueue = images.slice(0); var index = imagesQueue.length > 1 ? Math.floor(Math.random() * imagesQueue.length) : 0; //console.log(images[index]); /* deg +=90; if(deg>=360)deg=0; $(".cube").css('transform'," rotateY("+deg+"deg)");*/ $("#header").css('background-image','url('+imagesQueue.splice(index,1)+')'); }, 30000); }catch(err){ console.log(err); } if($("#cite").length){ $("#content > .row").css('margin-top','25px'); $("#content").prepend('<div class="user-buttons d-print-none">Cite </div>'); $("#cite div:first,#cite .close").on('click',function () { $("#cite").hide(); }) } $(".clickable").addClass("btn"); $("button").addClass("btn btn-outline-primary"); //$(".user-buttons> button").addClass("btn-outline-secondary"); $(".pg-title").addClass(" text-primary "); $("img[src$='speak.gif']").hide().after(function(i) { //console.log(this.onclick, $(this).attr('data-sound-url')); return $('').append(''); }); $("[data-sound-url]").click(function () { play($(this).attr('data-sound-url')); }); /*TODO:fix display or come up with a better way to do this*/ //console.log('ready'); }); function play(url) { try { //console.log(url); if ($("#audioPlayer").length > 0) { try { $("#audioPlayer")[0].pause(); } catch (err) { } $("#audioPlayer source").attr('src', 'https://www.eastcree.org' + encodeURI(url)); $("#audioPlayer")[0].load(); $("#audioPlayer")[0].play(); } } catch (err) { console.log(err); } //console.log($("#audioPlayer")); } </script> <audio id="audioPlayer" controls style="opacity: 0; visibility: hidden;"> <source type="audio/mpeg"/> </audio> </body> </html>