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class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/National_service" title="Special:EditPage/National service">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22National+service%22">"National service"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22National+service%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22National+service%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22National+service%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22National+service%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22National+service%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="background:#ddddff;"><a href="/wiki/Conscription" title="Conscription">Conscription</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Caricature-1780-press_gang.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1780 caricature of a press gang"><img alt="1780 caricature of a press gang" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Caricature-1780-press_gang.jpg/250px-Caricature-1780-press_gang.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Caricature-1780-press_gang.jpg/375px-Caricature-1780-press_gang.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Caricature-1780-press_gang.jpg/500px-Caricature-1780-press_gang.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1471" data-file-height="954" /></a></span><div class="sidebar-caption">1780 caricature of a <a href="/wiki/Press_gang" class="mw-redirect" title="Press gang">press gang</a></div></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;"> Related concepts</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_civilian_service" title="Alternative civilian service">Alternative civilian service</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_conscription" title="Civil conscription">Civil conscription</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Conscientious_objector" title="Conscientious objector">Conscientious objector</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_crisis" title="Conscription crisis">Conscription crisis</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Counter-recruitment" title="Counter-recruitment">Counter-recruitment</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Draft-card_burning" title="Draft-card burning">Draft-card burning</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Draft_evasion" title="Draft evasion">Draft evasion</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Impressment" title="Impressment">Impressment</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Lev%C3%A9e_en_masse" title="Levée en masse">Levée en masse</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Military_service" title="Military service">Military service</a></li><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">National service</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Penal_military_unit" title="Penal military unit">Penal military unit</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/War_resister" title="War resister">War resister</a></li></ul></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;"> By historical country</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Conscription in the Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_the_Russian_Empire" title="Conscription in the Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Conscription in the Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></li></ul></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;"> <a href="/wiki/Conscription#By_country" title="Conscription">By modern country</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_Argentina" title="Conscription in Argentina">Argentina</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_Australia" title="Conscription in Australia">Australia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_Azerbaijan" title="Conscription in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Military_service#Bermuda" title="Military service">Bermuda</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_Brazil" title="Conscription in Brazil">Brazil</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_Canada" title="Conscription in Canada">Canada</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_China" title="Conscription in China">China</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Conscription in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Congo-Kinshasa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Child_soldiers_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Child soldiers in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">child soldiers</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_Cuba" title="Conscription in Cuba">Cuba</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_Cyprus" title="Conscription in Cyprus">Cyprus</a> (<a href="/wiki/Reduction_of_military_conscription_in_Cyprus" title="Reduction of military conscription in Cyprus">reduction</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_Denmark" title="Conscription in Denmark">Denmark</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_Egypt" title="Conscription in Egypt">Egypt</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_Eritrea" title="Conscription in Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_Finland" title="Conscription in Finland">Finland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_France" title="Conscription in France">France</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_Georgia" title="Conscription in Georgia">Georgia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_Germany" title="Conscription in Germany">Germany</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_Greece" title="Conscription in Greece">Greece</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_Israel" title="Conscription in Israel">Israel</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_Iran" title="Conscription in Iran">Iran</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_North_Korea" title="Conscription in North Korea">North Korea</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_South_Korea" title="Conscription in South Korea">South Korea</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_National_Armed_Forces#Conscription" title="Latvian National Armed Forces">Latvia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Armed_Forces#Conscription" title="Lithuanian Armed Forces">Lithuania</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_Myanmar" title="Conscription in Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_the_Netherlands" title="Conscription in the Netherlands">the Netherlands</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Compulsory_military_training_in_New_Zealand" title="Compulsory military training in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Conscription in Norway">Norway</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_Mexico" title="Conscription in Mexico">Mexico</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_Monaco" title="Conscription in Monaco">Monaco</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_Mozambique" title="Conscription in Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_the_Philippines" title="Conscription in the Philippines">the Philippines</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_Russia" title="Conscription in Russia">Russia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_Serbia" title="Conscription in Serbia">Serbia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/National_service_in_Singapore" title="National service in Singapore">Singapore</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_South_Africa" title="Conscription in South Africa">South Africa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Conscription in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_Sweden" title="Conscription in Sweden">Sweden</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_Switzerland" title="Conscription in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_Taiwan" title="Conscription in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_Turkey" title="Conscription in Turkey">Turkey</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Conscription in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Conscription in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_the_United_States" title="Conscription in the United States">United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Ukraine#Conscription" title="Armed Forces of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_Vietnam" title="Conscription in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;"> By geographical area</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_Ireland" title="Conscription in Ireland">Ireland</a></li></ul></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Conscription" title="Template:Conscription"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Conscription" title="Template talk:Conscription"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Conscription" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Conscription"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>National service</b> is the system of compulsory or voluntary government service, usually <a href="/wiki/Military_service" title="Military service">military service</a>. <a href="/wiki/Conscription" title="Conscription">Conscription</a> is mandatory national service. The term <i>national service</i> comes from the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom%27s" class="mw-redirect" title="United Kingdom's">United Kingdom's</a> <a href="/wiki/National_Service_(Armed_Forces)_Act_1939" title="National Service (Armed Forces) Act 1939">National Service (Armed Forces) Act 1939</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The length and nature of national service depends on the country in question. In some instances, national service is compulsory, and citizens living abroad can be called back to their country of origin to complete it. In other cases, national service is voluntary. </p><p>Many young people spend one or more years in such programmes. Compulsory military service typically requires all citizens to enroll for one or two years, usually at age 18 (later for university-level students). Most conscripting countries conscript only men, but <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a> and <a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> conscript both men and women. </p><p>Voluntary national service may require only three months of basic military training. The US equivalent is <a href="/wiki/Selective_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Selective Service">Selective Service</a>. In the United States, voluntary enrollments at the <a href="/wiki/Peace_Corps" title="Peace Corps">Peace Corps</a> and <a href="/wiki/AmeriCorps" title="AmeriCorps">AmeriCorps</a> are also known as national service. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical_arguments">Historical arguments</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_service&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Historical arguments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_service&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2018</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><p> Around 100 AD, <a href="/wiki/Plutarch" title="Plutarch">Plutarch</a> quoted an early case for national service made by a Roman general sometime around the 5th century BC:</p><blockquote><p>With the politic design of preventing intestine broils by employment abroad, and in the hope that when rich as well as poor, plebeians and patricians, should be mingled again in the same army and in the same camp, and engage in one common service for the public, it would mutually dispose them to reconciliation and friendship.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="By_country">By country</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_service&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: By country"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_Australia" title="Conscription in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Service_Programme" title="National Service Programme">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_Canada" title="Conscription in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_Denmark" title="Conscription in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Defence_Forces#Conscription" title="Estonian Defence Forces">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_Finland" title="Conscription in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_France" title="Conscription in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_Germany" title="Conscription in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Service_Secretariat_(Ghana)" title="National Service Secretariat (Ghana)">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_Greece" title="Conscription in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_Israel" title="Conscription in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_National_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian National Service">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compulsory_Military_Training_in_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Compulsory Military Training in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Youth_Service_Corps" title="National Youth Service Corps"> Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Conscription in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Service_Training_Program" title="National Service Training Program">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_Russia" title="Conscription in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_Singapore" class="mw-redirect" title="Conscription in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_South_Korea" title="Conscription in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_Sweden" title="Conscription in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_Switzerland" title="Conscription in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_Taiwan" title="Conscription in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisia_National_service" title="Tunisia National service">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_Turkey" title="Conscription in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandatory_National_Service_in_United_Arab_Emirates" class="mw-redirect" title="Mandatory National Service in United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Conscription in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_service_in_the_United_States" title="National service in the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_service&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_service" class="mw-redirect" title="Alternative service">Alternative service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_conscription" title="Civil conscription">Civil conscription</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_service" title="Community service">Community service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_service" title="Military service">Military service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Youth_Service_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="National Youth Service (disambiguation)">National Youth Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscription#By_country" title="Conscription">Conscription § By country</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_service&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/acts/national-service-armed-forces-act-1939">"National Service (Armed Forces) Act 1939"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Hansard" title="Hansard">Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Parliamentary+Debates+%28Hansard%29&rft.atitle=National+Service+%28Armed+Forces%29+Act+1939&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.parliament.uk%2Fhistoric-hansard%2Facts%2Fnational-service-armed-forces-act-1939&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavenport-Hines2014" class="citation news cs1">Davenport-Hines, Richard (20 August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/aug/20/national-service-consctiption-britain-richard-vinen-review">"National Service: Conscription in Britain 1945-1963 by Richard Vinen – review"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=National+Service%3A+Conscription+in+Britain+1945-1963+by+Richard+Vinen+%E2%80%93+review&rft.date=2014-08-20&rft.aulast=Davenport-Hines&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbooks%2F2014%2Faug%2F20%2Fnational-service-consctiption-britain-richard-vinen-review&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerssonSundevall2019" class="citation journal cs1">Persson, Alma; Sundevall, Fia (2019-11-10). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F09612025.2019.1596542">"Conscripting women: gender, soldiering, and military service in Sweden 1965–2018"</a>. <i>Women's History Review</i>. <b>28</b> (7): 1039–1056. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F09612025.2019.1596542">10.1080/09612025.2019.1596542</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0961-2025">0961-2025</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:151116495">151116495</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Women%27s+History+Review&rft.atitle=Conscripting+women%3A+gender%2C+soldiering%2C+and+military+service+in+Sweden+1965%E2%80%932018&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=1039-1056&rft.date=2019-11-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A151116495%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0961-2025&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F09612025.2019.1596542&rft.aulast=Persson&rft.aufirst=Alma&rft.au=Sundevall%2C+Fia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1080%252F09612025.2019.1596542&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMinnich2008" class="citation book cs1">Minnich, James M. (2008). "National Security". In Worden, Robert L. (ed.). <i>North Korea: A Country Study</i> (Fifth ed.). Washington: Government Printing Office. pp. 237–282. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-16-088278-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-16-088278-4"><bdi>978-0-16-088278-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2008028547">2008028547</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=National+Security&rft.btitle=North+Korea%3A+A+Country+Study&rft.place=Washington&rft.pages=237-282&rft.edition=Fifth&rft.pub=Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F2008028547&rft.isbn=978-0-16-088278-4&rft.aulast=Minnich&rft.aufirst=James+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+service" class="Z3988"></span> p. 265.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlutarch1992" class="citation book cs1">Plutarch (1992). "Plutarch's Life of Coriolanus". <i>Plutarch's Lives, Volume 1</i> (Dryden translation ed.). Random House. p. 299.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Plutarch%27s+Life+of+Coriolanus&rft.btitle=Plutarch%27s+Lives%2C+Volume+1&rft.pages=299&rft.edition=Dryden+translation&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=1992&rft.au=Plutarch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+service" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_service&oldid=1189669057">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_service&oldid=1189669057</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Conscription" title="Category:Conscription">Conscription</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_March_2018" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from March 2018">Articles needing additional references from March 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_to_be_expanded_from_August_2018" title="Category:Articles to be expanded from August 2018">Articles to be expanded from August 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_to_be_expanded" title="Category:All articles to be expanded">All articles to be expanded</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 13 December 2023, at 07:46<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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