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</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" 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class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Paul_Fr%C3%B6lich_1928.jpg/220px-Paul_Fr%C3%B6lich_1928.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Paul_Fr%C3%B6lich_1928.jpg/330px-Paul_Fr%C3%B6lich_1928.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Paul_Fr%C3%B6lich_1928.jpg/440px-Paul_Fr%C3%B6lich_1928.jpg 2x" data-file-width="670" data-file-height="781" /></a><figcaption>Frölich <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1928</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Paul Frölich</b> (7 August 1884 – 16 March 1953) was a German <a href="/wiki/Journalist" title="Journalist">journalist</a> and author. As a <a href="/wiki/Left-wing" class="mw-redirect" title="Left-wing">left-wing</a> political activist, he was a founding member of the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Germany" title="Communist Party of Germany">Communist Party of Germany</a> (KPD) and founder of the party's paper, <i><a href="/wiki/Die_Rote_Fahne" title="Die Rote Fahne">Die Rote Fahne</a></i>. A KDP deputy in the <a href="/wiki/Reichstag_(Weimar_Republic)" title="Reichstag (Weimar Republic)">Reichstag</a> on two occasions, Frölich was expelled from the party in 1928, after which he joined the organized <a href="/wiki/German_Communist_Opposition_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="German Communist Opposition movement">German Communist Opposition movement</a>. Frölich is best remembered as a biographer of <a href="/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg">Rosa Luxemburg</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Fr%C3%B6lich&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_years">Early years</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Fr%C3%B6lich&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Paul Frölich was born 7 August 1884 in <a href="/wiki/Leipzig" title="Leipzig">Leipzig</a> into a German working-class family.<sup id="cite_ref-L&D_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-L&D-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was the second child of eleven. As a young man, he studied history and social science at the Leipzig Workers' School.<sup id="cite_ref-IISH_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IISH-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Frölich joined the <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">Social Democratic Party of Germany</a> (SPD) in 1902. He had a daughter with Louise Hoppe, <a href="/wiki/Edda_Tasiemka" title="Edda Tasiemka">Edda</a>, who was born on 5 August 1922.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_career">Political career</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Fr%C3%B6lich&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Political career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Frölich worked as a journalist during the first decade of the 20th century, writing for the <i>Hamburger Echo</i> from 1910 to 1914 and for the <i>Bremer Bürgerzeitung</i> from 1914 to 1916.<sup id="cite_ref-L&D_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-L&D-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1916 to 1918, Frölich and <a href="/wiki/Johann_Knief" title="Johann Knief">Johann Knief</a> together edited a political weekly called <i>Arbeitrpolitik</i> (<i>Worker's Politics</i>), which emerged as the voice of <a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_socialism" title="Revolutionary socialism">revolutionary socialism</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bremen" title="Bremen">Bremen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-L&D_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-L&D-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Frölich was a representative of the Bremen left-wing at the April 1916 <a href="/wiki/Kienthal_Conference" title="Kienthal Conference">Kienthal Conference</a>, a gathering of international socialists held at <a href="/wiki/Kienthal" class="mw-redirect" title="Kienthal">Kienthal</a>, Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-L&D_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-L&D-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1918, Frölich founded the newspaper <i><a href="/wiki/Die_Rote_Fahne" title="Die Rote Fahne">Die Rote Fahne</a></i> (<i>The Red Flag</i>) in <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-L&D_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-L&D-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was later to become the official organ of the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Germany" title="Communist Party of Germany">Communist Party of Germany</a> (KPD), which Frölich helped to establish at the end of December 1918. During this period, Frölich sometimes wrote under the <a href="/wiki/Pseudonym" title="Pseudonym">pseudonym</a> "Paul Werner".<sup id="cite_ref-L&D_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-L&D-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The founding congress of the KPD elected Frölich to its governing Central Committee.<sup id="cite_ref-L&D_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-L&D-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was re-elected to this position by the 1920 Congress of the KPD; at the end of the year, he was squeezed off the body as a result of a merger of that organization with the <a href="/wiki/Independent_Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany">Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany</a> (USPD).<sup id="cite_ref-L&D_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-L&D-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the 1921 departure of a faction led by <a href="/wiki/Paul_Levi" title="Paul Levi">Paul Levi</a>, Frölich rejoined the Central Committee of the KPD.<sup id="cite_ref-L&D_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-L&D-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Frölich was a delegate of the KPD to the <a href="/wiki/3rd_World_Congress_of_the_Comintern" class="mw-redirect" title="3rd World Congress of the Comintern">3rd World Congress of the Comintern</a>, which was held in <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a> in the summer of 1921.<sup id="cite_ref-L&D_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-L&D-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Frölich was selected by the congress as the representative of the KPD to the <a href="/wiki/Executive_Committee_of_the_Communist_International" title="Executive Committee of the Communist International">Executive Committee of the Communist International</a> (ECCI).<sup id="cite_ref-L&D_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-L&D-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Frölich was elected as a KPD deputy to the <a href="/wiki/Reichstag_(Weimar_Republic)" title="Reichstag (Weimar Republic)">Reichstag</a>, serving in that capacity from 1921 to 1924 and again in 1928.<sup id="cite_ref-L&D_1-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-L&D-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Frölich was expelled from the KPD in December 1928, ostensibly as a supporter of right-wing conciliation.<sup id="cite_ref-L&D_1-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-L&D-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After his expulsion from the KPD, Frölich joined the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_Opposition" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Party Opposition">Communist Party Opposition</a> (KPD-O), and helped to establish the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Workers%27_Party_of_Germany" title="Socialist Workers' Party of Germany">Socialist Workers' Party of Germany</a> (SAP) in 1932. Following the rise to power of <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> in 1933, Frölich was imprisoned, remaining in custody in <a href="/wiki/Lichtenburg_concentration_camp" title="Lichtenburg concentration camp">Lichtenburg concentration camp</a> until December of that year.<sup id="cite_ref-L&D_1-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-L&D-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following his release, Frölich emigrated to France, settling in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> in February 1934.<sup id="cite_ref-L&D_1-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-L&D-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the <a href="/wiki/1940_fall_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="1940 fall of France">1940 fall of France</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Fascists" class="mw-redirect" title="Fascists">fascists</a>, Frölich hurriedly emigrated again, this time to the United States, where he remained until after the conclusion of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-L&D_1-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-L&D-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Personal_life_and_death">Personal life and death</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Fr%C3%B6lich&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Personal life and death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Frölich's <a href="/wiki/Common-law_wife" class="mw-redirect" title="Common-law wife">life partner</a> from the 1920s till his death was <a href="/wiki/Rosi_Wolfstein" title="Rosi Wolfstein">Rosi Wolfstein</a> (1888-1987), a fellow <a href="/wiki/Communist" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist">communist</a>. The two were formally married in 1948. Frölich returned to <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a> in 1950, where he spent the last years of his life. Frölich died on 16 March 1953 in <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt">Frankfurt</a>. He was 68 years old at the time of his death. Frölich is best remembered as a pioneer biographer of the assassinated communist <a href="/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg">Rosa Luxemburg</a>. His book about her, first published in German in 1928, has been translated into a number of languages, including Spanish, English, French, Italian, Slovenian, Korean, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, and Portuguese.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A new edition of this work appeared in English in 2010, published by the Chicago-based publisher <a href="/wiki/Haymarket_Books" title="Haymarket Books">Haymarket Books</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Fr%C3%B6lich&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Die Politik des Hamburger Arbeiterrats</i> (The Politics of the Hamburg Workers' Council). Berlin: G. Schumann, c. 1919.</li> <li><i>Keinen Pfennig den Fürsten!</i> (Not a Penny for the Prince!) Berlin: Vereinigung Internationaler Verlagsanstalten, c. 1919.</li> <li><i>Der Weg zum Sozialismus</i> (The Way to Socialism). Hamburg: Kommunistische Arbeiterzeitung, 1919.</li> <li><i>Die Bayerische Räterepublik. Tatsachen und Kritik</i> (The Bavarian Soviet Republic: Facts and Criticism). Leipzig: Franke, 1920.</li> <li><i>Taktik und Organisation der revolutionären Offensive: Die Lehren der März-Aktion</i> (Tactics and Organization of the Revolutionary Offensive: Lessons of the March Action). Leipzig : Frankes Verlag, 1921.</li> <li><i>Wider den weissen Mord</i> (Against the White Murder). Berlin: Vereinigung Internationaler Verlagsanstalten, 1922.</li> <li><i>Der Steuerbote nimmt dein Brot! Ein Kapitel indirekte Steuern</i> (The Tax Collector Takes Your Bread! A Chapter on Indirect Taxes). Berlin: Vereinigung Internationaler Verlags-Anstalten, 1922.</li> <li><i>1848: Ein Lesebuch für Arbeiter</i> (1848: A Reading Book for Workers). Berlin : Vereinigung Internationaler Verlags-Anstalten, 1923.</li> <li><i>10 Jahr Krieg und Bürgerkrieg</i> (Ten Years of War and Civil War). Berlin: Vereinigung Internationaler Verlags-Anstalten, 1924. <small>—Memoir.</small></li> <li><i>Die deutsche Sozialdemokratie: 14 Jahre im Bunde mit dem Kapital</i> (German Social Democracy: 14 Years in League with Capital). With A. Schreiner. Berlin: 1925.</li> <li>"Introduction" to <i>Speeches of Georges Jacques Danton.</i> New York: International Publishers, 1928.</li> <li><i>Rosa Luxemburg: Her Life and Work.</i> [1928] Edward Fitzgerald, trans. London: Victor Gollancz, 1940.</li> <li><i>Illustrierte Geschichte der deutschen Revolution</i> (Illustrated History of the German Revolution). Berlin: Internationalen Arbeiter-Verlag, 1929.</li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brill.com/view/title/26978">In the Radical Camp: A Political Autobiography 1890-1921</a></i> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.basisdruck.de/product_info.php?products_id=191">Im radikalen Lager: Politische Autobiographie 1890-1921</a>, BasisDruck Verlag GmbH, 2013). Reiner Tosstorff, editor; David Fernbach, translator. Leiden: Brill, 2020.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Fr%C3%B6lich&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-L&D-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-L&D_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-L&D_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-L&D_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-L&D_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-L&D_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-L&D_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-L&D_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-L&D_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-L&D_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-L&D_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-L&D_1-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-L&D_1-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-L&D_1-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-L&D_1-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-L&D_1-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-L&D_1-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Branko Lazitch with Milorad M. Drachkovitch, <i>Biographical Dictionary of the Comintern: New, Revised, and Expanded Edition.</i> Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution Press, 1986; pg. 127.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IISH-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IISH_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iisg.nl/archives/en/files/f/11016215.php">Guide to the Paul Froelich Papers</a>, International Institute of Social History, Amsterdam.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/obituaries/2019/04/03/edda-tasiemka-archivist-husband-built-vast-overflowing-store/">"Edda Tasiemka, archivist who with her husband built up a vast and overflowing store of press cuttings – obituary"</a>. <i>The Telegraph</i>. London. 3 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Edda+Tasiemka%2C+archivist+who+with+her+husband+built+up+a+vast+and+overflowing+store+of+press+cuttings+%E2%80%93+obituary&rft.date=2019-04-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fobituaries%2F2019%2F04%2F03%2Fedda-tasiemka-archivist-husband-built-vast-overflowing-store%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APaul+Fr%C3%B6lich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See this <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldcat.org/search?q=ti%3ALuxemburg+au%3AFrölich%2C+Paul&fq=&dblist=638">OCLC search</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Paul Frölich, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haymarketbooks.org/pb/Rosa-Luxemburg"><i>Rosa Luxemburg: Ideas in Action,</i></a> Haymarket Books, www.haymarketbooks.org/ Retrieved April 12, 2011.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Fr%C3%B6lich&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marxists.org/archive/froelich/index.htm">Paul Frölich Archive</a> at <a href="/wiki/Marxists.org" class="mw-redirect" title="Marxists.org">Marxists.org</a></li> <li>Riccardo Altieri: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14743892.2018.1464827"><i>Paul Frölich, American Exile, and Communist Discourse about the Russian Revolution</i>, in: <i>American Communist History</i>, Vol. 17 (2018) 2, pp. 220-231</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.getty.edu/art/gettyguide/artObjectDetails?artobj=40805">Photographic Portrait of Paul Frölich by August Sander (1929)</a>, J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, California.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output 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class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84998#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84998#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84998#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/000000011036114X">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/4977488">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJgxrxCXGRxjVqCXJmpHG3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/123562155">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50058056">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb121976255">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb121976255">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00440262">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Frölich, Paul"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/CFIV069311">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36110691">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Frölich, Paul"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=skuk0002561&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Werner, Paul"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=uk2014809189&CON_LNG=ENG">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p072145188">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90897719">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000463976">Chile</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=107167">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC200107610">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/p2dlc37hmghd27zj">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810544089505606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007261440305171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058617904206706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA01911841?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1213942">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd123562155.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/123562155">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/030591910">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6w99znh">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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