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Bhattarai</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Narayan Raj Bhattarai"> <meta name="keywords" content="Narayan Raj Bhattarai"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Narayan Raj Bhattarai"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 69</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Narayan Raj Bhattarai</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">69</span> Study of Palung Granite in Central Nepal with Special Reference to Field Occurrence, Petrography and Mineralization</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Narayan%20Bhattarai">Narayan Bhattarai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arjun%20Bhattarai"> Arjun Bhattarai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kabi%20Raj%20Paudyal"> Kabi Raj Paudyal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lalu%20Paudel"> Lalu Paudel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Palung granite is leucocratic, alkali feldspar granite, which is one of the six major granite bodies of the Lesser Himalaya of Nepal. The Cambro-Ordovician granite body has intruded on the Palaeozoic metasedimentary rock of the Kathmandu Complex in Central Nepal. The granite crystallized from magma that was mainly generated by anatexis of the Precambrian continental crust. The magma is heterogeneous with respect to the primary ages and/or metamorphic histories of the magma source rocks. This indicates either a derivation from (meta-) sediments or an intense mixing of different crustally derived magmas. The genesis of the Palung granite is possibly related to an orogeny which affected the Indian shield in lower Paleozoic times. The granite body has been mapped into different zones with visual inspection and petrographical study: i. Quartz rich granite: Quartz is smokey to grayish, euhedral to subherdal, 0.2 to 0.7 cm, and constitutes 30 to 40%. Feldspar is white to brownish, subhedral to euhedral, more than 3 cm, and constitutes 20–30%. Tourmaline is black, 0.1 to 0.2 cm in size, and consists of 10 to 20%. Biotite is black flakes up to o.2 cm, representing 5-8%. ii. Feldspar rich granite: white to grayish, medium to coarse-grained, containing feldspar, quartz, biotite, muscovite and tourmaline. Feldspar porphyritic crystals up to 2.5 cm subherdral represent 50–60%, quartz is smokey transparent and represents 30–40%, biotite is dark brown to black, crystals are irregular, 0.5 cm and represent 8–20%, tourmaline is black fractured, small needles represent 5–10%, and muscovite is white to brown and represents 1-4%. iii. Biotite granite: grey to white, medium to coarse-grained, containing quartz, feldspar, biotite and tourmaline. Feldspar crystals up to 2.5 cm represent 40–50%, quartz is smokey, representing 30–40%, biotite is dark brown to black, crystal size 0.5cm, representing 10–20%, tourmaline is black, small needle, 5–10%, and muscovite is white to brown, representing 3-5%. and iv. Muscovite granite: medium-coarse-grained, brown and gray, containing quartz, feldspar, muscovite and tourmaline. Feldspar is white to brown; crystal sizes 0.2–0.4 cm represents 40–50%; quartz is brown and white, transparent, crystals up to 1 cm represent 35–50%; tourmaline is black, opaque, needle shaped; size up to 7–20%; and muscovite is brownish to white, with flakes up to 0.3 cm representing 5–10%. The xenoliths are very common and are not genetically related. Xenoliths are composed mostly of fine-grained, grayish quartz biotite (muscovite) schist and garnetiferous quartz mica schist. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leucocratic%20granite" title="leucocratic granite">leucocratic granite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cambro-ordovician%20granite" title=" cambro-ordovician granite"> cambro-ordovician granite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lesser%20himalayan%20granite" title=" lesser himalayan granite"> lesser himalayan granite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pegmatite" title=" pegmatite"> pegmatite</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172349/study-of-palung-granite-in-central-nepal-with-special-reference-to-field-occurrence-petrography-and-mineralization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172349.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">71</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">68</span> Coagulase Negative Staphylococci: Phenotypic Characterization and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lok%20Bahadur%20Shrestha">Lok Bahadur Shrestha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Narayan%20Raj%20Bhattarai"> Narayan Raj Bhattarai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Basudha%20Khanal"> Basudha Khanal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are the normal commensal of human skin and mucous membranes. The study was carried out to study the prevalence of CoNS among clinical isolates, to characterize them up to species level and to compare the three conventional methods for detection of biofilm formation. Objectives: to characterize the clinically significant coagulase-negative staphylococci up to species level, to compare the three phenotypic methods for the detection of biofilm formation and to study the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of the isolates. Methods: CoNS isolates were obtained from various clinical samples during the period of 1 year. Characterization up to species level was done using biochemical test and study of biofilm formation was done by tube adherence, congo red agar, and tissue culture plate method. Results: Among 71 CoNS isolates, seven species were identified. S. epidermidis was the most common species followed by S. saprophyticus, S. haemolyticus. Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of CoNS documented resistance of 90% to ampicillin. Resistance to cefoxitin and ceftriaxone was observed in 55% of the isolates. We detected biofilm formation in 71.8% of isolates. The sensitivity of tube adherence method was 82% while that of congo red agar method was 78%. Conclusion: Among 71 CoNS isolated, S. epidermidis was the most common isolates followed by S. saprophyticus and S. haemolyticus. Biofilm formation was detected in 71.8% of the isolates. All of the methods were effective at detecting biofilm-producing CoNS strains. Biofilm former strains are more resistant to antibiotics as compared to biofilm non-formers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CoNS" title="CoNS">CoNS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=congo%20red%20agar" title=" congo red agar"> congo red agar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bloodstream%20infections" title=" bloodstream infections"> bloodstream infections</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foreign%20body-related%20infections" title=" foreign body-related infections"> foreign body-related infections</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tissue%20culture%20plate" title=" tissue culture plate "> tissue culture plate </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77219/coagulase-negative-staphylococci-phenotypic-characterization-and-antimicrobial-susceptibility-pattern" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77219.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">198</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">67</span> A Precision Medicine Approach to Sickle Cell Disease by Targeting the Adhesion Interactome</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anthara%20Vivek">Anthara Vivek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manisha%20Shukla"> Manisha Shukla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahesh%20Narayan"> Mahesh Narayan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prakash%20Narayan"> Prakash Narayan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sickle cell disease disproportionately affects sub-Saharan Africa and certain tribal populaces in India and has consequently drawn little intertest from Pharma. In sickle cell patients, adhesion of erythrocytes or reticulocytes to one another and the vessel wall results in painful ischemic episodes with few, if any, effective treatments for vaso-occlusive crises. Identification of disease-associated adhesion markers on erythrocytes or reticulocytes might inform the use of more effective therapies against vaso-occlusive crises. Increased expression of one or more of bcam, itga4, cd44, cd47, rap1a, vcam1, or icam4 has been reported in sickle cell subjects. Using the miRNet ontology knowledgebase, peripheral blood interactomes were generated by seeding various combinations of the afore-referenced mRNA. These interactomes yielded an array of miR targets. As examples, targeting hsa-miR-155-5p can potentially neutralize the rap1a-bcam-cd44-itga4-vcam1 erythrocyte/reticulocyte adhesion interactome whereas targeting hsa-miRs-103a-3p or 107 can potentially neutralize adhesion in cells overexpressing icam4-cd47-bcam-itga4-cd36. AM3380 (MIRacle™) is an off-the shelf hsa-miR-155-5p agomiR that can potentially neutralize the rap1a-bcam-cd44-itga4-vcam1 signaling axis. Phlebotomy coupled with transcriptomics represents a potentially feasible and effective precision medicine strategy to mitigate vaso-occlusive crises in sickle cell patients. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adhesion" title="adhesion">adhesion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interactome" title=" interactome"> interactome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=precision" title=" precision"> precision</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medicine" title=" medicine"> medicine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169504/a-precision-medicine-approach-to-sickle-cell-disease-by-targeting-the-adhesion-interactome" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169504.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">77</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">66</span> Degree of Approximation by the (T.E^1) Means of Conjugate Fourier Series in the Hölder Metric</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kejal%20Khatri">Kejal Khatri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vishnu%20Narayan%20Mishra"> Vishnu Narayan Mishra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We compute the degree of approximation of functions\tilde{f}\in H_w, a new Banach space using (T.E^1) summability means of conjugate Fourier series. In this paper, we extend the results of Singh and Mahajan which in turn generalizes the result of Lal and Yadav. Some corollaries have also been deduced from our main theorem and particular cases. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conjugate%20Fourier%20series" title="conjugate Fourier series">conjugate Fourier series</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=degree%20of%20approximation" title=" degree of approximation"> degree of approximation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H%C3%B6lder%20metric" title=" Hölder metric"> Hölder metric</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=matrix%20summability" title=" matrix summability"> matrix summability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=product%20summability" title=" product summability"> product summability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2123/degree-of-approximation-by-the-te1-means-of-conjugate-fourier-series-in-the-holder-metric" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2123.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">420</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">65</span> Rotational Energy Recovery System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vijayendra%20Anil%20Menon">Vijayendra Anil Menon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashwath%20Narayan%20Murali"> Ashwath Narayan Murali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present day vehicles do not reuse the energy expelled in running the vehicle. The energy used to run the vehicle is expelled immediately.This has remained a constant for many decades. With all the vehicles running on non-renewable resources like fossil fuels, there is an urgent need to improve efficiency of the vehicles until a reliable replacement for fossil fuels is found.Our design is based on the concept of Kinetic energy recovery systems. Though our design lies in principle with the KERS, our design can be used in day-to-day driving. With our design, efficiency of vehicles increases and fuel conservation is possible thereby reducing the carbon footprint. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=KERS" title="KERS">KERS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Battery" title=" Battery"> Battery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wheels" title=" Wheels"> Wheels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Efficiency." title=" Efficiency."> Efficiency.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35862/rotational-energy-recovery-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35862.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">393</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">64</span> An Assessment of Existing Material Management Process in Building Construction Projects in Nepal</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Uttam%20Neupane">Uttam Neupane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Narendra%20Budha"> Narendra Budha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Subash%20Kumar%20Bhattarai"> Subash Kumar Bhattarai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Material management is an essential part in construction project management. There are a number of material management problems in the Nepalese construction industry, which contribute to an inefficient material management system. Ineffective material management can cause waste of time and money thus increasing the problem of time and cost overrun. An assessment of material management system with gap and solution was carried out on 20 construction projects implemented by the Federal Level Project Implementation Unit (FPIU); Kaski district of Nepal. To improve the material management process, the respondents have provided possible solutions to overcome the gaps seen in the current material management process. The possible solutions are preparation of material schedule in line with the construction schedule for material requirement planning, verifications of material and locating of source, purchasing of the required material in advance before commencement of work, classifying the materials, and managing the inventory based on their usage value and eliminating and reduction in wastages during the overall material management process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=material%20management" title="material management">material management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction%20site" title=" construction site"> construction site</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inventory" title=" inventory"> inventory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction%20project" title=" construction project"> construction project</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181880/an-assessment-of-existing-material-management-process-in-building-construction-projects-in-nepal" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181880.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">69</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">63</span> Development of Real Time System for Human Detection and Localization from Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Using Optical and Thermal Sensor and Visualization on Geographic Information Systems Platform</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nemi%20Bhattarai">Nemi Bhattarai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years, there has been a rapid increase in the use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAVs) in search and rescue (SAR) operations, disaster management, and many more areas where information about the location of human beings are important. This research will primarily focus on the use of optical and thermal camera via UAV platform in real-time detection, localization, and visualization of human beings on GIS. This research will be beneficial in disaster management search of lost humans in wilderness or difficult terrain, detecting abnormal human behaviors in border or security tight areas, studying distribution of people at night, counting people density in crowd, manage people flow during evacuation, planning provisions in areas with high human density and many more. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UAV" title="UAV">UAV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20detection" title=" human detection"> human detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=real-time" title=" real-time"> real-time</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=localization" title=" localization"> localization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visualization" title=" visualization"> visualization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=haar-like" title=" haar-like"> haar-like</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GIS" title=" GIS"> GIS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20sensor" title=" thermal sensor "> thermal sensor </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81472/development-of-real-time-system-for-human-detection-and-localization-from-unmanned-aerial-vehicle-using-optical-and-thermal-sensor-and-visualization-on-geographic-information-systems-platform" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81472.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">465</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">62</span> Phase Segregating and Complex Forming Pb Based (=X-Pb) Liquid Alloys</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Indra%20Bahadur%20Bhandari">Indra Bahadur Bhandari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Narayan%20Panthi"> Narayan Panthi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ishwar%20Koirala"> Ishwar Koirala</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Devendra%20Adhikari"> Devendra Adhikari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We have used a theoretical model based on the assumption of compound formation in binary alloys to study the thermodynamic, microscopic, and surface properties of Bi-Pb and In-Pb liquid alloys. A review of the phase diagrams for these alloys shows that one of the stable complexes for Bi-Pb liquid alloy is BiPb3; also, that InPb is a stable phase in liquid In-Pb alloys. Using the same interaction parameters that are fitted for the free energy of mixing, we have been able to compute the bulk and thermodynamic properties of the alloys. From our observations, we are able to show that the Bi-Pb liquid alloy exhibits compound formation over the whole concentration range and the In-Pb alloys undergo phase separation. With regards to surface properties, Pb segregates more to the surface in In-Pb alloys than in Bi-Pb alloys. The viscosity isotherms have a positive deviation from ideality for both Bi-Pb and In-Pb alloys. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=asymmetry" title="asymmetry">asymmetry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bi-Pb" title=" Bi-Pb"> Bi-Pb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deviation" title=" deviation"> deviation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=In-Pb" title=" In-Pb"> In-Pb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interaction%20parameters" title=" interaction parameters"> interaction parameters</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136406/phase-segregating-and-complex-forming-pb-based-x-pb-liquid-alloys" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136406.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">160</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">61</span> Modeling of Historical Lime Masonry Structure in Abaqus</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ram%20Narayan%20Khare">Ram Narayan Khare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adhyatma%20Khare"> Adhyatma Khare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aradhna%20Shrivastava"> Aradhna Shrivastava</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, numerical modeling of ‘Lime Surkhi’ masonry building has been carried out for a prototype ancient building situated at seismic zone III using the Finite Element Method by Abaqus software. The model is designed in order to get the failure envelope and then decide the best method of retrofitting the structure so that the structure is made to withstand more decades, given its historical background. Previously, due to a lack of technologies, it was difficult to determine the mode of failure. Present technological development can predict the mode of failure, and subsequently, the structure can be refabricated accordingly. The study makes an important addition to the understanding of retrofitting ancient and old buildings based on the results of FEM modeling. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic%20retrofitting" title="seismic retrofitting">seismic retrofitting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abaqus" title=" Abaqus"> Abaqus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FEM" title=" FEM"> FEM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=historic%20building" title=" historic building"> historic building</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lime%20Surkhi%20masonry" title=" Lime Surkhi masonry"> Lime Surkhi masonry</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188918/modeling-of-historical-lime-masonry-structure-in-abaqus" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188918.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">31</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">60</span> Statistical Convergence of the Szasz-Mirakjan-Kantorovich-Type Operators</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rishikesh%20Yadav">Rishikesh Yadav</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramakanta%20Meher"> Ramakanta Meher</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vishnu%20Narayan%20Mishra"> Vishnu Narayan Mishra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main aim of this article is to investigate the statistical convergence of the summation of integral type operators and to obtain the weighted statistical convergence. The rate of statistical convergence by means of modulus of continuity and function belonging to the Lipschitz class are also studied. We discuss the convergence of the defined operators by graphical representation and put a better rate of convergence than the Szasz-Mirakjan-Kantorovich operators. In the last section, we extend said operators into bivariate operators to study about the rate of convergence in sense of modulus of continuity and by means of Lipschitz class by using function of two variables. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=The%20Szasz-Mirakjan-Kantorovich%20operators" title="The Szasz-Mirakjan-Kantorovich operators">The Szasz-Mirakjan-Kantorovich operators</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=statistical%20convergence" title=" statistical convergence"> statistical convergence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modulus%20of%20continuity" title=" modulus of continuity"> modulus of continuity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peeters%20K-functional" title=" Peeters K-functional"> Peeters K-functional</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weighted%20modulus%20of%20continuity" title=" weighted modulus of continuity"> weighted modulus of continuity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96045/statistical-convergence-of-the-szasz-mirakjan-kantorovich-type-operators" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96045.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">211</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">59</span> Yarkovsky Effect on the Orbital Dynamics of the Asteroid (101955) Bennu</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanjay%20Narayan%20Deo">Sanjay Narayan Deo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Badam%20Singh%20Kushvah"> Badam Singh Kushvah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Bennu(101955) is a half kilometer potentially hazardous near-Earth asteroid. We analyze the influence of Yarkovsky effect and relativistic effect of the Sun on the motion of the asteroid Bennu. The transverse model is used to compute Yarkovsky force on asteroid Bennu. Our dynamical model includes Newtonian perturbations of eight planets, the Moon, the Sun and three massive asteroid (1Ceres, 2Palas and 4Vesta). We showed the variation in orbital elements of nominal orbit of the asteroid. In the presence of Yarkovsky effect, the Semi-major axis of the orbit of the asteroid is decreases by 350 m over one period of orbital motion. The magnitude of Yarkovsky force is computed. We find that maximum magnitude of Yarkovsky force is 0.09 N at the perihelion . We also found that the magnitude of the Sun relativity effect is greater than the Yarkovsky effect on the motion the asteroid Bennu. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bennu" title="Bennu">Bennu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orbital%20elements" title=" orbital elements"> orbital elements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relativistic%20effect" title=" relativistic effect"> relativistic effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yarkovsky%20effect" title=" Yarkovsky effect"> Yarkovsky effect</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88396/yarkovsky-effect-on-the-orbital-dynamics-of-the-asteroid-101955-bennu" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88396.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">296</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">58</span> Study on Status of Child Labour in Metal Fabrication Industries of Kathmandu Valley</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bikas%20Chandra%20Bhattarai">Bikas Chandra Bhattarai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Child labour is the serious issue all over the world. In Nepal, many children are working in different structured and unstructured sector. Metal fabrication is one of the sectors where many children are involved. The present study is carried out to focus on the overall socio-economic condition, psychological aspect, working environment condition and welfare of the child labour. Metal fabrication factories from Kirtipur, Chovar Area, Gongabu, Sitapaila and Sankhamul area of Kathmandu municipality were selected for the study. The structured questionnaire was prepared, and overall 55 children under age 16 were interviewed. Working in metal fabrication factory is risky job for children. The main reason behind child labour is poverty. The working environment in the metal fabrication factory was not found satisfactory. Children are exposed to various types of physical and chemical hazards. Factories are not paying proper attention to safety condition at the workplace. Large number of children is attracted towards smoking and drinking alcohol leading to unnecessary expense of their income. There should be the provision of regular health check up and insurance to the working children. Monitoring from the government level should be implemented for the betterment of working children. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=child%20labour" title="child labour">child labour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kathmandu" title=" Kathmandu"> Kathmandu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nepal" title=" Nepal"> Nepal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metal%20fabrication" title=" metal fabrication"> metal fabrication</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68134/study-on-status-of-child-labour-in-metal-fabrication-industries-of-kathmandu-valley" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68134.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">331</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">57</span> Role of Community Forestry to Address Climate Change in Nepal</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laxmi%20Prasad%20Bhattarai">Laxmi Prasad Bhattarai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Climate change is regarded as one of the most fundamental threats to sustainable livelihood and global development. There is a growing global concern in linking community-managed forests as potential climate change mitigation projects. This study was conducted to explore local people’s perception on climate change and the role of community forestry (CF) to combat climate change impacts. Two active community forest user groups (CFUGs) from Kaski and Syangja Districts in Nepal were selected as study sites, and various participatory tools were applied to collect primary data. Although most of the respondents were unaware about the words “Climate Change” in study sites, they were quite familiar with the irregularities in rainfall season and other weather extremities. 60% of the respondents had the idea that, due to increase in precipitation, there is a frequent occurrence of erosion, floods, and landslide. Around 85% of the people agreed that community forests help in stabilizing soil, reducing the natural hazards like erosion, landslide. Biogas as an alternative source of cooking energy, and changes in crops and their varieties are the common adaptation measures that local people start practicing in both CFUGs in Nepal. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20forestry" title="community forestry">community forestry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20change" title=" climate change"> climate change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=global%20warming" title=" global warming"> global warming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptation" title=" adaptation"> adaptation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nepal" title=" Nepal"> Nepal</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43331/role-of-community-forestry-to-address-climate-change-in-nepal" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43331.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">305</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">56</span> Integrating Human Preferences into the Automated Decisions of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arwa%20Khannoussi">Arwa Khannoussi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexandru-Liviu%20Olteanu"> Alexandru-Liviu Olteanu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pritesh%20Narayan"> Pritesh Narayan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Catherine%20Dezan"> Catherine Dezan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jean-Philippe%20Diguet"> Jean-Philippe Diguet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Patrick%20Meyer"> Patrick Meyer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jacques%20Petit-Frere"> Jacques Petit-Frere</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Due to the nature of autonomous Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) missions, it is important that the decisions of a UAV stay consistent with the priorities of an operator, while at the same time allowing them to be easily audited and explained. We propose a multi-layer decision engine that integrates the operator (human) preferences by using the Multi-Criteria Decision Aiding (MCDA) methods. A software implementation of a UAV simulator and of the decision engine is presented to highlight the advantage of using such techniques on high-level decisions. We demonstrate that, with such a preference-based decision engine, the decisions of the UAV are compatible with the priorities of the operator, which in turn increases her/his confidence in its autonomous behavior. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autonomous%20UAV" title="autonomous UAV">autonomous UAV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-criteria%20decision%20aiding" title=" multi-criteria decision aiding"> multi-criteria decision aiding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-layers%20decision%20engine" title=" multi-layers decision engine"> multi-layers decision engine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=operator%27s%20preferences" title=" operator's preferences"> operator's preferences</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traceable%20decisions" title=" traceable decisions"> traceable decisions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UAV%20simulation" title=" UAV simulation"> UAV simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98229/integrating-human-preferences-into-the-automated-decisions-of-unmanned-aerial-vehicles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98229.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">256</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">55</span> Recurring as a Means of Partial Strength Recovery of Concrete Subjected to Elevated Temperatures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shree%20Laxmi%20Prashant">Shree Laxmi Prashant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Subhash%20C.%20Yaragal"> Subhash C. Yaragal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20S.%20Babu%20Narayan"> K. S. Babu Narayan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Concrete is found to undergo degradation when subjected to elevated temperatures and loose substantial amount of its strength. The loss of strength in concrete is mainly attributed to decomposition of C-S-H and release of physically and chemically bound water, which begins when the exposure temperature exceeds 100°C. When such a concrete comes in contact with moisture, the cement paste is found rehydrate and considerable amount of strength lost is found to recover. This paper presents results of an experimental program carried out to investigate the effect of recuring on strength gain of OPC concrete specimens subjected to elevated temperatures from 200°C to 800°C, which were subjected to retention time of two hours and four hours at the designated temperature. Strength recoveries for concrete subjected to 7 designated elevated temperatures are compared. It is found that the efficacy of recuring as a measure of strength recovery reduces with increase in exposure temperature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elevated%20temperature" title="elevated temperature">elevated temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recuring" title=" recuring"> recuring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strength%20recovery" title=" strength recovery"> strength recovery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compressive%20strength" title=" compressive strength"> compressive strength</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23449/recurring-as-a-means-of-partial-strength-recovery-of-concrete-subjected-to-elevated-temperatures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23449.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">597</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">54</span> The Standard of Reasonableness in Fundamental Rights Adjudication under the Indian Constitution</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nandita%20Narayan">Nandita Narayan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In most constitutional democracies, courts have been the gatekeepers of fundamental rights. The task of determining whether a violation is in fact justified, therefore, is judicial. Any state action, legislative or administrative, has to be tested by the application of two standards – first, the action must be within the scope of the authority conferred by law and, second, it must be reasonable. If any action, within the scope of the authority conferred by law is found to be unreasonable, it will be struck down as unconstitutional or ultra vires. This paper seeks to analyse the varying standards of reasonableness adopted by the Supreme Court of India where there is a violation of fundamental rights by state action. This is sought to be done by scrutinising case laws and classifying the legality of the violation under one of three levels of judicial scrutiny—strict, intermediate, or weak. The paper concludes by proving that there is an irregularity in the standards adopted, thus resulting in undue discretionary power of the judiciary which strikes at the very concept of reasonableness and ultimately becomes arbitrary in nature. This conclusion is reached by the comparison of reasonableness review of fundamental rights in other jurisdictions such as the USA and Canada. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=constitutional%20law" title="constitutional law">constitutional law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=judicial%20review" title=" judicial review"> judicial review</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fundamental%20rights" title=" fundamental rights"> fundamental rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reasonableness" title=" reasonableness"> reasonableness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=India" title=" India"> India</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86499/the-standard-of-reasonableness-in-fundamental-rights-adjudication-under-the-indian-constitution" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86499.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">150</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">53</span> Sustainable Rehabilation of Ancient Structure</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ram%20Narayan%20Khare">Ram Narayan Khare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aradhna%20Shrivastava"> Aradhna Shrivastava</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adhyatma%20Khare"> Adhyatma Khare</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper focuses on the damage that has been occurred in the Ancient structures due to various factors such as rainfall, climate, insects, lifespan and also most important lack of technologies in the era of its construction. The structure is of lime surkhi masonry and is made a century ago. It has crossed its durability but is of historical importance for the area, that is the reason why it needs utmost importance for its Rehabilitation. The paper deals with the damage that has been occurred in the structure and how to repair and renovate the same keeping in mind that the material deviation could not take place because it shows how in ancient era structures are made of. The building has used lime surkhi mortar along with wood apple as fibrous material for providing adhesiveness in masonry binding. The paper helps in sustainable retrofitting of the structure without changing the integrity of the structure. This helps in maintaining the originality of structure in present era and also help in providing information to the upcoming generation how ancient civil construction has been carried out that withstand even more than a century. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lime%20Surkhi%20masonry" title="Lime Surkhi masonry">Lime Surkhi masonry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rehabilitation" title=" rehabilitation"> rehabilitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20development" title=" sustainable development"> sustainable development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=historical%20building" title=" historical building"> historical building</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188980/sustainable-rehabilation-of-ancient-structure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188980.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">37</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">52</span> Quantification of Effects of Shape of Basement Topography below the Circular Basin on the Ground Motion Characteristics and Engineering Implications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamal">Kamal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dinesh%20Kumar"> Dinesh Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20P.%20Narayan"> J. P. Narayan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Komal%20Rani"> Komal Rani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the effects of shape of basement topography on the characteristics of the basin-generated surface (BGS) waves and associated average spectral amplification (ASA) in the 3D basins having circular surface area. Seismic responses were computed using a recently developed 3D fourth-order spatial accurate time-domain finite-difference (FD) algorithm based on parsimonious staggered-grid approximation of 3D viscoelastic wave equations. An increase of amplitude amplification and ASA towards the centre of different considered basins was obtained. Further, it may be concluded that ASA in basin very much depends on the impedance contrast, exposure area of basement to the incident wave front, edge-slope, focusing of the BGS-waves and sediment-damping. There is an urgent need of incorporation of a map of differential ground motion (DGM) caused by the BGS-waves as one of the output maps of the seismic microzonation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3D%20viscoelastic%20simulation" title="3D viscoelastic simulation">3D viscoelastic simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=basin-generated%20surface%20waves" title=" basin-generated surface waves"> basin-generated surface waves</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maximum%20displacement" title=" maximum displacement"> maximum displacement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=average%20spectral%20amplification" title=" average spectral amplification"> average spectral amplification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70070/quantification-of-effects-of-shape-of-basement-topography-below-the-circular-basin-on-the-ground-motion-characteristics-and-engineering-implications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70070.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">297</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">51</span> Determination of Multidrug-Resistant Livestock Associated Bacteria from Goats, Cows, and Buffaloes in Pokhara Kaski</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ganga%20Sagar%20Bhattarai">Ganga Sagar Bhattarai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Swastika%20Gurung"> Swastika Gurung</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Antibiotics were being misused in both humans and animals, which led to the development of multidrug-resistant microorganisms. Antibiotic abuse is likely rampant among goats, cows, and buffaloes in order to boost growth and reduce production losses. The aim of this study is to know the multidrug resistance (MDR) bacteria in goats, cows, and buffaloes. Out of 68 samples that were examined, S. aureus, Bacillus spp., E. coli, Shigella spp., Klebsiella spp., S. epidremidis, and Salmonella spp. were isolated. S. aureus was the highest isolated bacteria (91.17%), Bacillus spp. (61.76%), E. coli (48.52%), Shigella spp. (22.05%), Klebsiella spp. (17.64%), S. epidermidis (13.23%), and the Salmonella spp. (7.35%). Salmonella spp. and E. coli showed multidrug resistance to at least four antibiotics, including Amoxicillin, Tetracycline, Piperacillin, and Ciprofloxacin, in Salmonella and to at least three antibiotics, including Amoxicillin, Tetracycline, and Nalidic acid. The highest resistance bacteria Salmonella spp. showed (57.14%) E. coli and Bacillus spp. showed (42.85%) S. aureus, S. epidermidis, and Shigella spp. showed (28.57%), and Klebsiella spp. showed (14.28%). This study showed that antibiotic-resistant bacteria with high levels of Amoxicillin, Penicillin, and Tetracycline resistance are present in healthy farm animals such as goats, cows, and buffaloes. Options for antibiotic therapy in both humans and animals will likely be limited as a result. The use, distribution, storage, and sale of antibiotics in veterinary practices must consequently be under strict control. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multidrug%20resistance" title="multidrug resistance">multidrug resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multidrug%20resistance%20bacteria" title=" multidrug resistance bacteria"> multidrug resistance bacteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=susceptibility%20testing" title=" susceptibility testing"> susceptibility testing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bacterial%20infections" title=" bacterial infections"> bacterial infections</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169059/determination-of-multidrug-resistant-livestock-associated-bacteria-from-goats-cows-and-buffaloes-in-pokhara-kaski" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169059.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">106</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">50</span> Comparative Performance Analysis of Parabolic Trough Collector Using Twisted Tape Inserts</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Atwari%20Rawani">Atwari Rawani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hari%20Narayan%20Singh"> Hari Narayan Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20D.%20P.%20Singh"> K. D. P. Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, an analytical investigation of the enhancement of thermal performance of parabolic trough collector (PTC) with twisted tape inserts in the absorber tube is being reported. A comparative study between the absorber with various types of twisted tape inserts and plain tube collector has been performed in turbulent flows conditions. The parametric studies were conducted to investigate the effects of system and operating parameters on the performance of the collector. The parameters such as heat gain, overall heat loss coefficient, air rise temperature and efficiency are used to analyze the relative performance of PTC. The results show that parabolic through collector with serrated twisted tape insert shows the best performance under same set of conditions under range of parameters investigated. Results reveal that for serrated twisted tape with x=1, Nusselt number/heat transfer coefficient is found to be 4.38 and 3.51 times over plain absorber of PTC at mass flow rate of 0.06 kg/s and 0.16 kg/s respectively; while corresponding enhancement in thermal efficiency is 15.7% and 5.41% respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=efficiency" title="efficiency">efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20transfer" title=" heat transfer"> heat transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=twisted%20tape%20ratio" title=" twisted tape ratio"> twisted tape ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=turbulent%20flow" title=" turbulent flow"> turbulent flow</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70206/comparative-performance-analysis-of-parabolic-trough-collector-using-twisted-tape-inserts" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70206.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">289</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">49</span> Combined Influence of Charge Carrier Density and Temperature on Open-Circuit Voltage in Bulk Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Douglas%20Yeboah">Douglas Yeboah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Monishka%20Narayan"> Monishka Narayan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jai%20Singh"> Jai Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the key parameters in determining the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic solar cells (OSCs) is the open-circuit voltage, however, it is still not well understood. In order to examine the performance of OSCs, it is necessary to understand the losses associated with the open-circuit voltage and how best it can be improved. Here, an analytical expression for the open-circuit voltage of bulk heterojunction (BHJ) OSCs is derived from the charge carrier densities without considering the drift-diffusion current. The open-circuit voltage thus obtained is dependent on the donor-acceptor band gap, the energy difference between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the hole quasi-Fermi level of the donor material, temperature, the carrier density (electrons), the generation rate of free charge carriers and the bimolecular recombination coefficient. It is found that open-circuit voltage increases when the carrier density increases and when the temperature decreases. The calculated results are discussed in view of experimental results and agree with them reasonably well. Overall, this work proposes an alternative pathway for improving the open-circuit voltage in BHJ OSCs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=charge%20carrier%20density" title="charge carrier density">charge carrier density</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=open-circuit%20voltage" title=" open-circuit voltage"> open-circuit voltage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20solar%20cells" title=" organic solar cells"> organic solar cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature" title=" temperature"> temperature</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68927/combined-influence-of-charge-carrier-density-and-temperature-on-open-circuit-voltage-in-bulk-heterojunction-organic-solar-cells" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68927.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">373</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">48</span> Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP) and the Effect of Chemical Preservative to Enhance Shelf Life of Khoa </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tanima%20Chowdhury">Tanima Chowdhury</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanjay%20Chattopadhaya"> Sanjay Chattopadhaya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Narayan%20Ch.%20Saha"> Narayan Ch. Saha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Khoa is an indigenous heat desiccated milk product having very poor shelf life. At ambient condition, shelf-life of khoa is normally only 2 days. The aim of present study was to determine the effect of benzoic acid as preservative as well as modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) technology to enhance shelf life of khoa at 27±2°C and 65% RH. During storage, analysis of chemical, sensory as well as microbiological characteristics were taken into consideration to mark distinguishable changes between the package of modified atmosphere technology (MAP) and ordinarily packed khoa (with and without preservative) samples. The results indicated a significant decrease of moisture content, pH and sensory scores and increase in titratable acidity, standard plate count and yeast and mould count during storage, irrespective of the type of packaging conditions. However, the rate of changes in characteristics of product packed in modified atmosphere was found to be slow. The storage study indicated that the khoa packed in ordinary packaging, with and without preservative, was acceptable for 4 and 8 days, respectively, whereas for modified atmosphere packed samples, it was consumable up to 8 and 12 days, respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=benzoic%20acid" title="benzoic acid">benzoic acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=khoa" title=" khoa"> khoa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modified%20atmosphere%20packaging" title=" modified atmosphere packaging"> modified atmosphere packaging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shelf%20life" title=" shelf life"> shelf life</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52712/modified-atmosphere-packaging-map-and-the-effect-of-chemical-preservative-to-enhance-shelf-life-of-khoa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52712.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">316</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">47</span> Smart Card Technology Adaption in a Hospital Setting</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20K.%20V.%20Narayan">H. K. V. Narayan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study was conducted at Tata Memorial Hospital (TMH), Mumbai, India. The study was to evaluate the impact of adapting Smart Card (SC) for clinical and business transactions in order to reduce Lead times and to enforce business rules of the hospital. The objective for implementing the Smart Card was to improve the patient perception of quality in terms of structures process and outcomes and also to improve the productivity of the Institution. The Smart Card was implemented in phases from 2011 and integrated with the Hospital Information System (HIS/EMR). The implementation was a learning curve for all the stake holders as software obviated the need to use hardcopies of transactions. The acceptability to the stake holders was challenge in change management. The study assessed the impact 3 years into the implementation and the observed trends have suggested that it has decreased the lead times for services and increased the no of transactions and thereby the productivity. Patients who used to complain of multiple queues and cumbersome transactions now compliment the administration for effective use of Information and Communication Technology. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smart%20card" title="smart card">smart card</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20availability%20of%20health%20care%20information" title=" high availability of health care information"> high availability of health care information</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reduction%20in%20potential%20medical%20errors%20due%20to%20elimination%20of%20transcription%20errors" title=" reduction in potential medical errors due to elimination of transcription errors"> reduction in potential medical errors due to elimination of transcription errors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reduction%20in%20no%20of%20queues" title=" reduction in no of queues"> reduction in no of queues</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=increased%20transactions" title=" increased transactions"> increased transactions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=augmentation%20of%20revenue" title=" augmentation of revenue "> augmentation of revenue </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39224/smart-card-technology-adaption-in-a-hospital-setting" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39224.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">285</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">46</span> Herbal Medicines Used for the Cure of Jaundice among the Some Tribal Populations of Madhya Pradesh, India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Awdhesh%20Narayan%20Sharma">Awdhesh Narayan Sharma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The use of herbal medicines for the cure of various ailments among the tribal population is as old as human origin itself. Most of the tribal populations of Madhya Pradesh inhabit in remote and inaccessible ecological setup. From long back, tribals and forests are interrelated to each other. They use an enormous range of wild plants for their basic needs and medicines. The tribal developed a unique understanding with wild plants, herbs, etc., and earned specialized knowledge of disease pattern and curative therapy-through hard experiences, common sense, trial, and error methods. They have passed this knowledge through traditions, taboos, totems, folklore by words of mouth from generation to generation. Here, an attempt has been made to study the possible aspects of herbal medicine for the cure of Jaundice among the tribal populations of Madhya Pradesh, India, through primary data as well as available secondary data. The data have been collected from the 305 Bharias of Patalkot, Madhya Pradesh, India, and included available secondary source of data by various investigators. It may be concluded that a sizable herbal medicinal plants' wealth exists in Madhya Pradesh, India, which still awaits for scientific exploration. The existing herbal medicines used for the cure of jaundice need an extensive investigation from the pharmaceutical point of view. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bharias" title="Bharias">Bharias</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=herbal%20medicine" title=" herbal medicine"> herbal medicine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tribal" title=" tribal"> tribal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Madhya%20Pradesh" title=" Madhya Pradesh"> Madhya Pradesh</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126822/herbal-medicines-used-for-the-cure-of-jaundice-among-the-some-tribal-populations-of-madhya-pradesh-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126822.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">175</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">45</span> Study of Effects of 3D Semi-Spheriacl Basin-Shape-Ratio on the Frequency Content and Spectral Amplitudes of the Basin-Generated Surface Waves</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamal">Kamal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20P.%20Narayan"> J. P. Narayan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the present wok the effects of basin-shape-ratio on the frequency content and spectral amplitudes of the basin-generated surface waves and the associated spatial variation of ground motion amplification and differential ground motion in a 3D semi-spherical basin has been studied. A recently developed 3D fourth-order spatial accurate time-domain finite-difference (FD) algorithm based on the parsimonious staggered-grid approximation of the 3D viscoelastic wave equations was used to estimate seismic responses. The simulated results demonstrated the increase of both the frequency content and the spectral amplitudes of the basin-generated surface waves and the duration of ground motion in the basin with the increase of shape-ratio of semi-spherical basin. An increase of the average spectral amplification (ASA), differential ground motion (DGM) and the average aggravation factor (AAF) towards the centre of the semi-spherical basin was obtained. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3D%20viscoelastic%20simulation" title="3D viscoelastic simulation">3D viscoelastic simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=basin-generated%20surface%20waves" title=" basin-generated surface waves"> basin-generated surface waves</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=basin-shape-ratio%20effects" title=" basin-shape-ratio effects"> basin-shape-ratio effects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=average%20spectral%20amplification" title=" average spectral amplification"> average spectral amplification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aggravation%20factors%20and%20differential%20ground%20motion" title=" aggravation factors and differential ground motion"> aggravation factors and differential ground motion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21727/study-of-effects-of-3d-semi-spheriacl-basin-shape-ratio-on-the-frequency-content-and-spectral-amplitudes-of-the-basin-generated-surface-waves" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21727.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">508</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">44</span> Nexus of Community-Based Tourism Business and Sustainable Livelihood Practices: A Case Study of Amaltari Tharu Village Community, Nepal</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chet%20Narayan%20Acharya">Chet Narayan Acharya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prachyakorn%20Chaiyakot"> Prachyakorn Chaiyakot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nuttaya%20Yuangyai"> Nuttaya Yuangyai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research explores the symbiotic relationship between community based tourism (CBT) businesses and sustainable livelihood practices in the context of Amaltari Tharu Village Community, Nepal. Through a thorough investigation, it analyzes the impact of community-based tourism entrepreneurship on local livelihoods. Using an interpretive case study approach, it assesses how tourism activities affect the sociocultural, economic, and environmental dimensions of the community. The research highlights the sustainable livelihood practices embraced by local communities, guided by the principles of sustainable development. The study employs a triangulation approach to analyze data, aiming to generate insights that contribute to a KICK START discourse on sustainable tourism in the region, shedding light on the connection between community-based tourism entrepreneurship and local livelihood practices. The findings are expected to offer valuable discourse among academic researchers and suggestions for sustainable tourism management strategies in similar global contexts. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20based%20tourism%20businesses" title="community based tourism businesses">community based tourism businesses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20livelihood" title=" sustainable livelihood"> sustainable livelihood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nepal" title=" Nepal"> Nepal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sociocultural%20and%20environmental%20impact" title=" sociocultural and environmental impact"> sociocultural and environmental impact</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kick%20start%20discourse" title=" kick start discourse"> kick start discourse</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186775/nexus-of-community-based-tourism-business-and-sustainable-livelihood-practices-a-case-study-of-amaltari-tharu-village-community-nepal" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186775.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">40</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">43</span> Evaluation of Surgical Site Infection in Bile Spillage Cases Compared to Non Bile Spillage Cases Following Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ishwor%20Paudel">Ishwor Paudel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pratima%20Gautam"> Pratima Gautam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sandeep%20Bhattarai"> Sandeep Bhattarai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Bile spillage occurs frequently during laparoscopic cholecystectomy yet its impact on postoperative outcomes remains unknown. It might not be as innocuous as some surgeons tend to believe and in fact, might be associated with post-operative surgical site infections (SSI). It often leads to patient dissatisfaction, emergency department visits, with subsequent readmission and additional procedures. While some authors found no increase in SSI following bile spillage (BS) compared to non-bile spillage cases, others found bile spillage to be associated with SSI. Therefore we sought to examine whether bile spillage is indeed associated with an increased risk of postoperative wound infections after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. I hypothesize that patients who experience BS during operation, have an increased risk of SSI compared to those who do not. This is a prospective observational study conducted in the Department of Surgery, Patan Hospital over a period of one year. Patients undergoing Laparoscopic cholecystectomy were included and bile spillage, if happened was noted. All cases were followed up for 30 days and SSI was diagnosed as per CDC-defined criteria. Fisher’s test was applied to compare SSI in bile spillage versus non-bile spillage cases. A total of 112 patients were included in the final analysis. Bile spillage occurred in 20 cases and was absent in the rest i.e.92 cases. Among bile spillage cases, SSI was found in 4 cases (20%), whereas in nonbile spillage cases, SSI was found in 8 cases (8.7%). However, it was statistically not significant (p-value>0.05). Eleven (92%) cases were superficial SSI and one was an organ-space infection. No mortality or 30-day readmission. Spillage of Gallbladder content does not lead to an increase in SSIs. However as the rate of SSI is still higher, Surgeons should be careful to avoid iatrogenic gallbladder perforation and in case of bile spillage thorough peritoneal irrigation with normal saline should be done. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organ%20space%20infection" title="organ space infection">organ space infection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laparoscopic%20cholecystectomy" title=" Laparoscopic cholecystectomy"> Laparoscopic cholecystectomy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biliary%20spillage" title=" biliary spillage"> biliary spillage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surgical%20site%20infection" title=" surgical site infection"> surgical site infection</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168983/evaluation-of-surgical-site-infection-in-bile-spillage-cases-compared-to-non-bile-spillage-cases-following-laparoscopic-cholecystectomy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168983.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">77</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">42</span> Early Detection of Neuropathy in Leprosy-Comparing Clinical Tests with Nerve Conduction Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suchana%20Marahatta">Suchana Marahatta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sabina%20Bhattarai"> Sabina Bhattarai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bishnu%20Hari%20Paudel"> Bishnu Hari Paudel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dilip%20Thakur"> Dilip Thakur</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Every year thousands of patients develop nerve damage and disabilities as a result of leprosy which can be prevented by early detection and treatment. So, early detection and treatment of nerve function impairment is of paramount importance in leprosy. Objectives: To assess the electrophysiological pattern of the peripheral nerves in leprosy patients and to compare it with clinical assessment tools. Materials and Methods: In this comparative cross-sectional study, 74 newly diagnosed leprosy patients without reaction were enrolled. They underwent thorough evaluation for peripheral nerve function impairment using clinical tests [i.e. nerve palpation (NP), monofilament (MF) testing, voluntary muscle testing (VMT)] and nerve conduction study (NCS). Clinical findings were compared with that of NCS using SPSS version 11.5. Results: NCS was impaired in 43.24% of leprosy patient at the baseline. Among them, sensory NCS was impaired in more patients (32.4%) in comparison to motor NCS (20.3%). NP, MF, and VMT were impaired in 58.1%, 25.7%, and 9.4% of the patients, respectively. Maximum concordance of monofilament testing and sensory NCS was found for sural nerve (14.7%). Likewise, the concordance of motor NP and motor NCS was the maximum for ulnar nerve (14.9%). When individual parameters of the NCS were considered, amplitude was found to be the most frequently affected parameter for both sensory and motor NCS. It was impaired in 100% of cases with abnormal NCS findings. Conclusion: Since there was no acceptable concordance between NCS findings and clinical findings, we should consider NCS whenever feasible for early detection of neuropathy in leprosy. The amplitude of both sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) and compound nerve action potential (CAMP) could be important determinants of the abnormal NCS if supported by further studies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leprosy" title="leprosy">leprosy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nerve%20function%20impairment" title=" nerve function impairment"> nerve function impairment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neuropathy" title=" neuropathy"> neuropathy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nerve%20conduction%20study" title=" nerve conduction study"> nerve conduction study</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31963/early-detection-of-neuropathy-in-leprosy-comparing-clinical-tests-with-nerve-conduction-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31963.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">319</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">41</span> Understanding the Selectional Preferences of the Twitter Mentions Network</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Sudhesh%20Solomon">R. Sudhesh Solomon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Y.%20K.%20L.%20Srinivas"> P. Y. K. L. Srinivas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abhay%20Narayan"> Abhay Narayan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amitava%20Das"> Amitava Das</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Users in social networks either unicast or broadcast their messages. At mention is the popular way of unicasting for Twitter whereas general tweeting could be considered as broadcasting method. Understanding the information flow and dynamics within a Social Network and modeling the same is a promising and an open research area called Information Diffusion. This paper seeks an answer to a fundamental question - understanding if the at-mention network or the unicasting pattern in social media is purely random in nature or is there any user specific selectional preference? To answer the question we present an empirical analysis to understand the sociological aspects of Twitter mentions network within a social network community. To understand the sociological behavior we analyze the values (Schwartz model: Achievement, Benevolence, Conformity, Hedonism, Power, Security, Self-Direction, Stimulation, Traditional and Universalism) of all the users. Empirical results suggest that values traits are indeed salient cue to understand how the mention-based communication network functions. For example, we notice that individuals possessing similar values unicast among themselves more often than with other value type people. We also observe that traditional and self-directed people do not maintain very close relationship in the network with the people of different values traits. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20diffusion" title="information diffusion">information diffusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=personality%20and%20values" title=" personality and values"> personality and values</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20network%20analysis" title=" social network analysis"> social network analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=twitter%20mentions%20network" title=" twitter mentions network"> twitter mentions network</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83483/understanding-the-selectional-preferences-of-the-twitter-mentions-network" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83483.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">374</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">40</span> Husband Alcohol Drinking Behavior and Sexual Violence during Pregnancy in Nepalese Women of Kathmandu Valley, Nepal</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Narayan%20Bhatta">Narayan Bhatta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rodhana%20Pokhel"> Rodhana Pokhel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: The link between alcohol and violence is well documented, but there is a paucity of research on alcohol use by husbands and sexual violence during pregnancy in Nepal. The aim of the study is to describe the relationship between alcohol use by the husband and sexual violence during pregnancy in Nepalese women from the Kathmandu valley. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a consecutive sampling design in one government hospital. Pregnant women (N = 495) attending the antenatal clinic of Paropakar Maternity and Women’s Hospital (PMWH) were recruited. Results: Approximately one-fifth (19%) of pregnant women had experienced sexual violence. Women in the first trimester of pregnancy were more likely to suffer sexual violence (35.2%) than in the second (30.7%) and third trimester of pregnancy (34%). The most common type of sexual violence against women was a physical force for sexual intercourse (91.5%), followed by sexual intercourse without the women’s consent (26.6%) and forcing them to engage in humiliating sexual activities (10.6%). Women who belong to other ethnicities like Janajatis, Dalits, and religious minorities (AOR = 0.3), women who live outside Kathmandu (AOR = 3.73), women who are illiterate (AOR = 4.67), and women whose husband has alcohol-drinking behavior (AOR = 1.68) increased the odds of experiencing sexual violence during pregnancy. Conclusion: The study concludes that a husband’s drinking behavior is an important risk factor for sexual violence against pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic. It indicates a need for routine screening during the antenatal visit to identify the violence and alcohol use of both the husband and wife. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=husband%20alcohol%20drinking%20behavior" title="husband alcohol drinking behavior">husband alcohol drinking behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kathmandu" title=" Kathmandu"> Kathmandu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pregnency" title=" pregnency"> pregnency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sexual%20violence" title=" sexual violence"> sexual violence</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165083/husband-alcohol-drinking-behavior-and-sexual-violence-during-pregnancy-in-nepalese-women-of-kathmandu-valley-nepal" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165083.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">104</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Narayan%20Raj%20Bhattarai&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Narayan%20Raj%20Bhattarai&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Narayan%20Raj%20Bhattarai&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul 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