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asymmetry</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: asymmetry"> <meta name="keywords" content="asymmetry"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="asymmetry"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 167</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: asymmetry</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">167</span> An Investigation for Information Asymmetry Nexus IPO Under-Pricing: A Case of Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saqib%20Mehmood">Saqib Mehmood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naveed%20Iqbal%20Chaudhry"> Naveed Iqbal Chaudhry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asif%20Mehmood"> Asif Mehmood</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study intends to investigate the information asymmetry theories of IPO and under-pricing in Pakistan. The purpose of the study is to validate the information asymmetry about firm value which leads to under-pricing. A total of 55 IPOs listed from 2000-2011 were included in this study. OLS multiple regression was applied to achieve the objectives of this study. The findings of the study confirm the significance of information asymmetry on under-pricing in Pakistan. The findings have implications for issuing firms and prospective investors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20asymmetry" title="information asymmetry">information asymmetry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=initial%20public%20offerings" title=" initial public offerings"> initial public offerings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=under-pricing" title=" under-pricing"> under-pricing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=firm%20value" title=" firm value"> firm value</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15450/an-investigation-for-information-asymmetry-nexus-ipo-under-pricing-a-case-of-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15450.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">481</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">166</span> Quantification and Preference of Facial Asymmetry of the Sub-Saharan Africans' 3D Facial Models</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anas%20Ibrahim%20Yahaya">Anas Ibrahim Yahaya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christophe%20Soligo"> Christophe Soligo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A substantial body of literature has reported on facial symmetry and asymmetry and their role in human mate choice. However, major gaps persist, with nearly all data originating from the WEIRD (Western, Educated, Industrialised, Rich and Developed) populations, and results remaining largely equivocal when compared across studies. This study is aimed at quantifying facial asymmetry from the 3D faces of the Hausa of northern Nigeria and also aimed at determining their (Hausa) perceptions and judgements of standardised facial images with different levels of asymmetry using questionnaires. Data were analysed using R-studio software and results indicated that individuals with lower levels of facial asymmetry (near facial symmetry) were perceived as more attractive, more suitable as marriage partners and more caring, whereas individuals with higher levels of facial asymmetry were perceived as more aggressive. The study conclusively asserts that all faces are asymmetric including the most beautiful ones, and the preference of less asymmetric faces was not just dependent on single facial trait, but rather on multiple facial traits; thus the study supports that physical attractiveness is not just an arbitrary social construct, but at least in part a cue to general health and possibly related to environmental context. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=face" title="face">face</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=asymmetry" title=" asymmetry"> asymmetry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=symmetry" title=" symmetry"> symmetry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hausa" title=" Hausa"> Hausa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preference" title=" preference"> preference</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82975/quantification-and-preference-of-facial-asymmetry-of-the-sub-saharan-africans-3d-facial-models" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82975.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">193</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">165</span> Gender Diversity on the Board and Asymmetry Information: An Empirical Analysis for Spanish Listed Firms</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Abad">David Abad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Encarnaci%C3%B3n%20Lucas-P%C3%A9rez"> M. Encarnación Lucas-Pérez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Antonio%20Minguez-Vera"> Antonio Minguez-Vera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jos%C3%A9%20Yag%C3%BCe"> José Yagüe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We examine explicitly the relation between the gender diversity on corporate boards and the levels of information asymmetry in the stock market. Based on prior evidence that suggests that the presence of women on director boards increases the quantity and quality of public disclosure by firms, we expect firms with higher gender diversity on their boards to show lower levels of information asymmetry in the market. Using a Spanish sample for the period 2004-2009, proxies for information asymmetry estimated from high-frequency data, and a system GMM methodology, we find that the gender diversity on boards is negative associated with the level of information asymmetry in the stock market. Our findings support legislative changes implemented to increase the presence of women on boards in several European countries by providing evidence that gender diverse boards have beneficial effects on stock markets. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corporate%20board" title="corporate board">corporate board</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=female%20directors" title=" female directors"> female directors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender%20diversity" title=" gender diversity"> gender diversity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20asymmetry" title=" information asymmetry"> information asymmetry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=market%20microstructure" title=" market microstructure"> market microstructure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20103/gender-diversity-on-the-board-and-asymmetry-information-an-empirical-analysis-for-spanish-listed-firms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20103.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">468</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">164</span> Fair Value Implementation of Financial Asset: Evidence in Indonesia’s Banking Sector</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alhamdi%20Alfi%20Fajri">Alhamdi Alfi Fajri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this study is to analyze and to give empirical proof about the effect of fair value implementation on financial asset against information asymmetry in Indonesia’s banking sector. This research tested the effect of fair value implementation on financial asset based on Statement of Financial Accounting Standard (PSAK) No. 55 and the fair value reliability measurement based on PSAK No. 60 against level of information asymmetry. The scope of research is Indonesia’s banking sector. The test’s result shows that the use of fair value based on PSAK No. 55 is significantly associated with information asymmetry. This positive relation is higher than the amortized cost implementation on financial asset. In addition, the fair value hierarchy based on PSAK No. 60 is significantly associated with information asymmetry. This research proves that the more reliable measurement of fair value on financial asset, the more observable fair value measurement and reduces level of information asymmetry. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fair%20value" title="fair value">fair value</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PSAK%20No.%2055" title=" PSAK No. 55"> PSAK No. 55</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PSAK%20No.%2060" title=" PSAK No. 60"> PSAK No. 60</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20asymmetry" title=" information asymmetry"> information asymmetry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bank" title=" bank"> bank</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42528/fair-value-implementation-of-financial-asset-evidence-in-indonesias-banking-sector" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42528.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">354</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">163</span> Information Asymmetry and Governing Boards in Higher Education: The Heat Map of Information Asymmetry Across Competencies and the Role of Training in Mitigating Information Asymmetry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ana%20Karaman">Ana Karaman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dmitriy%20Gaevoy"> Dmitriy Gaevoy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Successful and effective governing boards play an essential role in higher education by providing essential oversight and helping to steer the direction of an institution while creating and maintaining a thriving culture of stewardship. A well-functioning board can also help mitigate conflicts of interest, ensure responsible use of an organization's assets, and maintain institutional transparency. However, boards’ functions in higher education are inhibited by the presence of information asymmetry between the board and management. Board members typically have little specific knowledge about the business side of the higher education, in general, and an institution under their oversight in particular. As a result, boards often must rely on the discretion of the institutional upper administration as to what type of pertinent information being disclosed to the board. The phenomenon of information asymmetry is not unique to the higher education and has been studied previously in the context of both corporate and non-for-profit boards. Various board characteristics have been analyzed with respect to mitigating the information asymmetry between an organizational board and management. For example, it has been argued that such board characteristics as its greater size, independence, and a higher proportion of female members tend to reduce information asymmetry by raising levels of information disclosure and organizational transparency. This paper explores the phenomenon of information asymmetry between boards and management in the context of higher education. In our analysis, we propose a heat map of information asymmetry based on the categories of board competencies in higher education. The proposed heat map is based on the assessment of potential risks to both the boards and its institutions. It employs an assumption that a potential risk created by the presence of information asymmetry varies in its magnitude across various areas of boards’ competencies. Then, we explore the role of board members’ training in mitigating information asymmetry between the boards and the management by increasing the level of information disclosure and enhancing transparency in management communication with the boards. The paper seeks to demonstrate how appropriate training can provide board members with an adequate preparation to request a sufficient level of information disclose and transparency by arming them with knowledge of what questions to ask of the management. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=higher%20education" title="higher education">higher education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=governing%20boards%20information%20asymmetry" title=" governing boards information asymmetry"> governing boards information asymmetry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=board%20competencies" title=" board competencies"> board competencies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=board%20training" title=" board training"> board training</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170568/information-asymmetry-and-governing-boards-in-higher-education-the-heat-map-of-information-asymmetry-across-competencies-and-the-role-of-training-in-mitigating-information-asymmetry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170568.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">70</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">162</span> The Impact of Voluntary Disclosure Level on the Cost of Equity Capital in Tunisian's Listed Firms</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nouha%20Ben%20Salah">Nouha Ben Salah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Ali%20Omri"> Mohamed Ali Omri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper treats the association between disclosure level and the cost of equity capital in Tunisian’slisted firms. This relation is tested by using two models. The first is used for testing this relation directly by regressing firm specific estimates of cost of equity capital on market beta, firm size and a measure of disclosure level. The second model is used for testing this relation by introducing information asymmetry as mediator variable. This model is suggested by Baron and Kenny (1986) to demonstrate the role of mediator variable in general. Based on a sample of 21 non-financial Tunisian’s listed firms over a period from 2000 to 2004, the results prove that greater disclosure is associated with a lower cost of equity capital. However, the results of indirect relationship indicate a significant positive association between the level of voluntary disclosure and information asymmetry and a significant negative association between information asymmetry and cost of equity capital in contradiction with our previsions. Perhaps this result is due to the biases of measure of information asymmetry. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cost%20of%20equity%20capital" title="cost of equity capital">cost of equity capital</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=voluntary%20disclosure" title=" voluntary disclosure"> voluntary disclosure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20asymmetry" title=" information asymmetry"> information asymmetry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=and%20Tunisian%E2%80%99s%20listed%20non-financial%20firms" title=" and Tunisian’s listed non-financial firms"> and Tunisian’s listed non-financial firms</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19862/the-impact-of-voluntary-disclosure-level-on-the-cost-of-equity-capital-in-tunisians-listed-firms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19862.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">517</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">161</span> The Effects of Kicking Leg Preference on the Bilateral Balance Ability Asymmetries in Collegian Football Players</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehmet%20Yildiz">Mehmet Yildiz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehmet%20Kale"> Mehmet Kale</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The primary aim of the present study was to identify the bilateral balance asymmetries when comparing the dominant (DL) vs. the non-dominant leg (NDL) in the collegian soccer players. The secondary aim was to compare the inter-limb asymmetry index (ASI) when differentiating by kicking preference (right-dominant vs. left-dominant). 34 right-dominant leg (RightDL) (age:21.12±1.85, height:174.50±5.18, weight:69.42±6.86) and 23 left-dominant leg (LeftDL), (age:21.70±2.03, height:176.2±6.27, weight:68.73±5.96) collegian football players were tested for bilateral static and dynamic balance. Balance ability was assessed by measuring centre of pressure deviation on a single leg. Single leg static and dynamic balance scores and inter-limb asymmetry index (ASI) were determined. Student t tests were used for the comparison of dominant and nondominant leg balance scores and RightDL and LeftDL football players’ inter-limb asymmetry index of the balance scores. The results showed that there were significant differences in the dynamic balance scores in favour of the nondominant leg, (DL:738±211 vs. NDL:606±226, p < 0.01). Also, it has been seen that LeftDL players have significantly higher inter-limb asymmetry index when compared with rightDL players for both static (rightDL:-7.07±94.91 vs. leftDL:-183.19±354.05, p < 0.01) and dynamic (rightDL: 1.73±49.65 vs. leftDL:27.08±23.34, p < 0.05) balance scores. In conclusion, bilateral dynamic balance asymmetries may be affected using single leg predominantly in the mobilization workouts. Because of having higher inter-limb asymmetry index, left-dominant leg players may be screened and trained to minimize balance asymmetry. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bilateral%20balance" title="bilateral balance">bilateral balance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=asymmetries" title=" asymmetries"> asymmetries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dominant%20leg" title=" dominant leg"> dominant leg</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leg%20preference" title=" leg preference"> leg preference</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56896/the-effects-of-kicking-leg-preference-on-the-bilateral-balance-ability-asymmetries-in-collegian-football-players" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56896.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">424</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">160</span> Application of an Artificial Neural Network to Determine the Risk of Malignant Tumors from the Images Resulting from the Asymmetry of Internal and External Thermograms of the Mammary Glands</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amdy%20Moustapha%20Drame">Amdy Moustapha Drame</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ilya%20V.%20Germashev"> Ilya V. Germashev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20A.%20Markushevskaya"> E. A. Markushevskaya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Among the main problems of medicine is breast cancer, from which a significant number of women around the world are constantly dying. Therefore, the detection of malignant breast tumors is an urgent task. For many years, various technologies for detecting these tumors have been used, in particular, in thermal imaging in order to determine different levels of breast cancer development. These periodic screening methods are a diagnostic tool for women and may have become an alternative to older methods such as mammography. This article proposes a model for the identification of malignant neoplasms of the mammary glands by the asymmetry of internal and external thermal imaging fields. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=asymmetry" title="asymmetry">asymmetry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breast%20cancer" title=" breast cancer"> breast cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tumors" title=" tumors"> tumors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20learning" title=" deep learning"> deep learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermogram" title=" thermogram"> thermogram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=convolutional%20transformation" title=" convolutional transformation"> convolutional transformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=classification" title=" classification"> classification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185497/application-of-an-artificial-neural-network-to-determine-the-risk-of-malignant-tumors-from-the-images-resulting-from-the-asymmetry-of-internal-and-external-thermograms-of-the-mammary-glands" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185497.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">60</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">159</span> Measuring Fluctuating Asymmetry in Human Faces Using High-Density 3D Surface Scans</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20Ekrami">O. Ekrami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Claes"> P. Claes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Van%20Dongen"> S. Van Dongen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fluctuating asymmetry (FA) has been studied for many years as an indicator of developmental stability or ‘genetic quality’ based on the assumption that perfect symmetry is ideally the expected outcome for a bilateral organism. Further studies have also investigated the possible link between FA and attractiveness or levels of masculinity or femininity. These hypotheses have been mostly examined using 2D images, and the structure of interest is usually presented using a limited number of landmarks. Such methods have the downside of simplifying and reducing the dimensionality of the structure, which will in return increase the error of the analysis. In an attempt to reach more conclusive and accurate results, in this study we have used high-resolution 3D scans of human faces and have developed an algorithm to measure and localize FA, taking a spatially-dense approach. A symmetric spatially dense anthropometric mask with paired vertices is non-rigidly mapped on target faces using an Iterative Closest Point (ICP) registration algorithm. A set of 19 manually indicated landmarks were used to examine the precision of our mapping step. The protocol’s accuracy in measurement and localizing FA is assessed using simulated faces with known amounts of asymmetry added to them. The results of validation of our approach show that the algorithm is perfectly capable of locating and measuring FA in 3D simulated faces. With the use of such algorithm, the additional captured information on asymmetry can be used to improve the studies of FA as an indicator of fitness or attractiveness. This algorithm can especially be of great benefit in studies of high number of subjects due to its automated and time-efficient nature. Additionally, taking a spatially dense approach provides us with information about the locality of FA, which is impossible to obtain using conventional methods. It also enables us to analyze the asymmetry of a morphological structures in a multivariate manner; This can be achieved by using methods such as Principal Components Analysis (PCA) or Factor Analysis, which can be a step towards understanding the underlying processes of asymmetry. This method can also be used in combination with genome wide association studies to help unravel the genetic bases of FA. To conclude, we introduced an algorithm to study and analyze asymmetry in human faces, with the possibility of extending the application to other morphological structures, in an automated, accurate and multi-variate framework. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=developmental%20stability" title="developmental stability">developmental stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluctuating%20asymmetry" title=" fluctuating asymmetry"> fluctuating asymmetry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=morphometrics" title=" morphometrics"> morphometrics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3D%20image%20processing" title=" 3D image processing"> 3D image processing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99408/measuring-fluctuating-asymmetry-in-human-faces-using-high-density-3d-surface-scans" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99408.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">140</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">158</span> Heterogeneity, Asymmetry and Extreme Risk Perception; Dynamic Evolution Detection From Implied Risk Neutral Density</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abderrahmen%20Aloulou">Abderrahmen Aloulou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Younes%20Boujelbene"> Younes Boujelbene</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The current paper displays a new method of extracting information content from options prices by eliminating biases caused by daily variation of contract maturity. Based on Kernel regression tool, this non-parametric technique serves to obtain a spectrum of interpolated options with constant maturity horizons from negotiated optional contracts on the S&P TSX 60 index. This method makes it plausible to compare daily risk neutral densities from which extracting time continuous indicators allows the detection traders attitudes’ evolution, such as, belief homogeneity, asymmetry and extreme Risk Perception. Our findings indicate that the applied method contribute to develop effective trading strategies and to adjust monetary policies through controlling trader’s reactions to economic and monetary news. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20neutral%20densities" title="risk neutral densities">risk neutral densities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kernel" title=" kernel"> kernel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=constant%20maturity%20horizons" title=" constant maturity horizons"> constant maturity horizons</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=homogeneity" title=" homogeneity"> homogeneity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=asymmetry%20and%20extreme%20risk%20perception" title=" asymmetry and extreme risk perception"> asymmetry and extreme risk perception</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25525/heterogeneity-asymmetry-and-extreme-risk-perception-dynamic-evolution-detection-from-implied-risk-neutral-density" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25525.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">485</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">157</span> Analysis of Histogram Asymmetry for Waste Recognition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Janusz%20Bobulski">Janusz Bobulski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamila%20Pasternak"> Kamila Pasternak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Despite many years of effort and research, the problem of waste management is still current. So far, no fully effective waste management system has been developed. Many programs and projects improve statistics on the percentage of waste recycled every year. In these efforts, it is worth using modern Computer Vision techniques supported by artificial intelligence. In the article, we present a method of identifying plastic waste based on the asymmetry analysis of the histogram of the image containing the waste. The method is simple but effective (94%), which allows it to be implemented on devices with low computing power, in particular on microcomputers. Such de-vices will be used both at home and in waste sorting plants. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20management" title="waste management">waste management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20protection" title=" environmental protection"> environmental protection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20processing" title=" image processing"> image processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computer%20vision" title=" computer vision"> computer vision</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155242/analysis-of-histogram-asymmetry-for-waste-recognition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155242.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">119</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">156</span> The Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility Information Disclosure on the Accuracy of Analysts' Earnings Forecasts </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xin-Hua%20Zhao">Xin-Hua Zhao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years, the growth rate of social responsibility reports disclosed by Chinese corporations has grown rapidly. The economic effects of the growing corporate social responsibility reports have become a hot topic. The article takes the chemical listed engineering corporations that disclose social responsibility reports in China as a sample, and based on the information asymmetry theory, examines the economic effect generated by corporate social responsibility disclosure with the method of ordinary least squares. The research is conducted from the perspective of analysts’ earnings forecasts and studies the impact of corporate social responsibility information disclosure on improving the accuracy of analysts' earnings forecasts. The results show that there is a statistically significant negative correlation between corporate social responsibility disclosure index and analysts’ earnings forecast error. The conclusions confirm that enterprises can reduce the asymmetry of social and environmental information by disclosing social responsibility reports, and thus improve the accuracy of analysts’ earnings forecasts. It can promote the effective allocation of resources in the market. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analysts%27%20earnings%20forecasts" title="analysts' earnings forecasts">analysts' earnings forecasts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corporate%20social%20responsibility%20disclosure" title=" corporate social responsibility disclosure"> corporate social responsibility disclosure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20effect" title=" economic effect"> economic effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20asymmetry" title=" information asymmetry"> information asymmetry</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114447/the-impact-of-corporate-social-responsibility-information-disclosure-on-the-accuracy-of-analysts-earnings-forecasts" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114447.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">156</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">155</span> The Voluntary Audit of Semi-Annual Consolidated Financial Statements Decision and Accounting Conservatism</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shuofen%20Hsu">Shuofen Hsu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ya-Yi%20Chao"> Ya-Yi Chao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chao-Wei%20Li"> Chao-Wei Li</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper investigates the relationship between voluntary audit (hereafter, VA) of semi-annual consolidated financial statements decision and accounting conservatism. In general, there are four kinds of auditors' assurance services, which include audit, review, agreed-upon procedure and compliance engagements base on degree of assurance. The VA work by auditors may not only have the higher audit quality but an important signal of more reliable information than the review work. In Taiwan, The listed companies must prepare the semi-annual consolidated financial statements and with auditors' review before 2012, but some of the listed companies choose the assurance work from review to audit voluntarily. Due to the adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards, the listed companies were required to prepare the second quarterly consolidated financial statements which should be reviewed by auditors since 2013. This rule will change some of the assurance work from audit to review by auditors, and the information asymmetry maybe increased. To control the selection bias, we use two-stage model to test the relationship between VA decision and accounting conservatism. Our empirical results indicate that the VA decision and accounting conservatism have a significant positive relationship in firms with family-controlled. That is, firms with family-controlled are more likely to do VA and to prepare more conservative consolidated financial statements to reduce the information asymmetry, meaning that there is a complementary effect between VA and accounting conservatism for firms with more information asymmetry. But on the contrary, we find that the VA decision and accounting conservatism have a significant negative relationship in firms with professional managers-controlled, meaning that there is a substitution effect between VA and accounting conservatism for firms with less information asymmetry. Finally, the accounting conservatism of consolidated financial statements decrease after the adoption of IFRSs (International Financial Reporting Standards) in Taiwan. It means that the disclosure and transparency of consolidated financial statements had be improved. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=voluntary%20audit" title="voluntary audit">voluntary audit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accounting%20conservatism" title=" accounting conservatism"> accounting conservatism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=audit%20quality" title=" audit quality"> audit quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20asymmetry" title=" information asymmetry"> information asymmetry</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81217/the-voluntary-audit-of-semi-annual-consolidated-financial-statements-decision-and-accounting-conservatism" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81217.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">226</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">154</span> Gendered Effects on Productivity Gap Due to Information Asymmetry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shruti%20Sengupta">Shruti Sengupta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> According to the nationally representative data, about 73% of India's rural workforce is engaged in agriculture. While women make significant contributions to total agriculture production, they contribute to about one-third in India. In terms of gender composition, about 80% of the female and 69% of the male workforce is engaged in agriculture in rural India. Still, it is common to find gender differences in plot management within the household. In the last two and half years, India's agri-food system has undergone several changes due to this pandemic, both the demand and supply side, making agriculture more information and knowledge-intensive. Therefore, this paper investigates, using a nationally representative sample, how information asymmetry affects the net returns per hectare of land between female and male farm managers. Empirical results show that information intensity has a significant positive effect on net farm returns per hectare. Results suggest that if females have the same access to technical information as their male counterparts, their farm income can go up by .96 pp compared to male-headed farms. Results also indicate that literate females have higher farm incomes than non-literate females. The study contributes to the literature by employing gender differentials in farm income due to the information gap. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agriculture" title="agriculture">agriculture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender" title=" gender"> gender</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20asymmetry" title=" information asymmetry"> information asymmetry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=farm%20income" title=" farm income"> farm income</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20bias" title=" social bias"> social bias</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153772/gendered-effects-on-productivity-gap-due-to-information-asymmetry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153772.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">142</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">153</span> Gendered Effects on Productivity Gap Due to Information Asymmetry in India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shruti%20Sengupta">Shruti Sengupta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> According to the nationally representative data, about 73% of India's rural workforce is engaged in agriculture. While women make significant contributions to total agriculture production, they contribute to about one-third in India. In terms of gender composition, about 80% of the female and 69% of the male workforce is engaged in agriculture in rural India. Still, it is common to find gender differences in plot management within the household. In the last two and half years, India's agri-food system has undergone several changes due to this pandemic, both the demand and supply side, making agriculture more information and knowledge-intensive. Therefore, this paper investigates, using a nationally representative sample, how information asymmetry affects the net returns per hectare of land between female and male farm managers. Empirical results show that information intensity has a significant positive effect on net farm returns per hectare. Results suggest that if females have the same access to technical information as their male counterparts, their farm income can go up by .96 pp compared to male-headed farms. Results also indicate that literate females have higher farm incomes than non-literate females. The study contributes to the literature by employing gender differentials in farm income due to the information gap. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agriculture" title="agriculture">agriculture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender" title=" gender"> gender</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20asymmetry" title=" information asymmetry"> information asymmetry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=farm%20income" title=" farm income"> farm income</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20bias" title=" social bias"> social bias</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154149/gendered-effects-on-productivity-gap-due-to-information-asymmetry-in-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154149.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">104</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">152</span> The Effects of Cost-Sharing Contracts on the Costs and Operations of E-Commerce Supply Chains</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sahani%20Rathnasiri">Sahani Rathnasiri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pritee%20Ray"> Pritee Ray</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sardar%20M.%20N.%20Isalm"> Sardar M. N. Isalm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carlos%20A.%20Vega-Mejia"> Carlos A. Vega-Mejia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study develops a cooperative game theory-based cost-sharing contract model for a business to consumer (B2C) e-commerce supply chain to minimize the overall supply chain costs and the individual costs within an information asymmetry scenario. The objective of this study is to address the issues of strategic interactions among the key players of the e-commerce supply chain operation, which impedes the optimal operational outcomes. Game theory has been included in the field of supply chain management to resolve strategic decision-making issues; however, most of the studies are limited only to two-echelons of the supply chains. Multi-echelon supply chain optimizations based on game-theoretic models are less explored in the previous literature. This study adopts a cooperative game model to focus on the common payoff of operations and addresses the issues of information asymmetry and coordination of a three-echelon e-commerce supply chain. The cost-sharing contract model integrates operational features such as production, inventory management and distribution with the contract related constraints. The outcomes of the model highlight the importance of maintaining lower operational costs by all players to obtain benefits from the cost-sharing contract. Further, the cost-sharing contract ensures true cost revelation, and hence eliminates the information asymmetry issues among the players. Comparing the results of the contract model with the de-centralized e-commerce supply chain operation further emphasizes that the cost-sharing contract derives Pareto-improved outcomes and minimizes the costs of overall e-commerce supply chain operation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cooperative%20game%20theory" title="cooperative game theory">cooperative game theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cost-sharing%20contract" title=" cost-sharing contract"> cost-sharing contract</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-commerce%20supply%20chain" title=" e-commerce supply chain"> e-commerce supply chain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20asymmetry" title=" information asymmetry"> information asymmetry</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107136/the-effects-of-cost-sharing-contracts-on-the-costs-and-operations-of-e-commerce-supply-chains" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107136.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">128</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">151</span> Studying the Effects of Conditional Conservatism and Lack of Information Asymmetry on the Cost of Capital of the Accepted Companies in Tehran Stock Exchange</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fayaz%20Moosavi">Fayaz Moosavi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saeid%20Moradyfard"> Saeid Moradyfard</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the methods in avoiding management fraud and increasing the quality of financial information, is the notification of qualitative features of financial information, including conservatism characteristic. Although taking a conservatism approach, while boosting the quality of financial information, is able to reduce the informational risk and the cost of capital stock of commercial department, by presenting an improper image about the situation of the commercial department, raises the risk of failure in returning the main and capital interest, and consequently the cost of capital of the commercial department. In order to know if conservatism finally leads to the increase or decrease of the cost of capital or does not have any influence on it, information regarding accepted companies in Tehran stock exchange is utilized by application of pooling method from 2007 to 2012 and it included 124 companies. The results of the study revealed that there is an opposite and meaningful relationship between conditional conservatism and the cost of capital of the company. In other words, if bad and unsuitable news and signs are reflected sooner than good news in accounting profit, the cost of capital of the company increases. In addition, there is a positive and meaningful relationship between the cost of capital and lack of information asymmetry. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conditional%20conservatism" title="conditional conservatism">conditional conservatism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lack%20of%20information%20asymmetry" title=" lack of information asymmetry"> lack of information asymmetry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20cost%20of%20capital" title=" the cost of capital"> the cost of capital</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stock%20exchange" title=" stock exchange"> stock exchange</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53090/studying-the-effects-of-conditional-conservatism-and-lack-of-information-asymmetry-on-the-cost-of-capital-of-the-accepted-companies-in-tehran-stock-exchange" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53090.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">265</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">150</span> How Markets React to Corporate Disclosure: An Analysis Using a SEM Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Helena%20Susana%20Afonso%20Alves">Helena Susana Afonso Alves</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nat%C3%A1lia%20Maria%20Rafael%20Canadas"> Natália Maria Rafael Canadas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ana%20Maria%20Rodrigues"> Ana Maria Rodrigues</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We examined the impact of governance rules on information asymmetry, using the turnover ratio and the bid-ask spread as proxies for the information asymmetry. We used a SEM model and analyzed the indirect relations through the voluntary disclosure of information and the organizational performance. We built a voluntary disclosure index based on the information firms provided in their annual reports and divided the governance characteristics in two constructs: directors’ and supervisors’ structures and ownership structure. We concluded that the ownership structure exerts a direct influence on share price and share liquidity, Otherwise, the directors’ and supervisors’ structures exert an indirect influence, through the organizational performance and the voluntary disclosure of information. The results also show that for firms with high levels of disclosure the bid-ask spread is lower. However, in firms with a high ownership concentration investors tend to increase the bid-ask spreads and trade less, which, in this case, reduces the liquidity of the stock. The failure to find the relationship between voluntary disclosure of information and the turnover ratio shows us that the liquidity of shares is more related to the greater or lesser concentration of shareholders, with the performance of their companies than with the access to information. Moreover, it is clear that the role that information disclosure plays is mainly at the level of price formation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corporate%20governance" title="corporate governance">corporate governance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20asymmetry" title=" information asymmetry"> information asymmetry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=voluntary%20disclosure" title=" voluntary disclosure"> voluntary disclosure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20equation%20modelling" title=" structural equation modelling"> structural equation modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SEM" title=" SEM"> SEM</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21255/how-markets-react-to-corporate-disclosure-an-analysis-using-a-sem-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21255.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">516</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">149</span> Literature Review of the Management of Parry Romberg Syndrome with Fillers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sana%20Ilyas">Sana Ilyas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Parry-Romberg syndrome is a rare condition clinically defined by slowly progressive atrophy of the skin and soft tissues. This usually effects one side of the face, although a few cases have been documented of bilateral presentation. It is more prevalent in females and usually affects the left side of the face. The syndrome can also be accompanied by neurological abnormalities. It usually occurs in the first two decades of life with a variable rate of progression. The aetiology is unknown, and the disease eventually stabilises. The treatment options usually involve surgical management. The least invasive of these options is the management of facial asymmetry, associated with Parry Romberg syndrome, through the use of tissue fillers. This paper will review the existing literature on the management of Parry Romberg syndrome with tissue filler. Aim: The aim of the study is to explore the current published literature for the management of Parry Romberg syndrome with fillers. It is to assess the development that has been made in this method of management, its benefits and limitations, and its effectiveness for the management of Parry Romberg syndrome. Methodology: There was a thorough assessment of the current literature published on this topic. PubMed database was used for search of the published literature on this method of the management. Papers were analysed and compared with one another to assess the success and limitation of the management of Parry Romberg with dermal fillers Results and Conclusion: Case reports of the use of tissue fillers discuss the varying degrees of success with the treatment. However, this procedure has it’s limitation, which are discussed in the paper in detail. However, it is still the least invasive of all the surgical options for the management of Parry Romberg Syndrome, and therefore, it is important to explore this option with patients, as they may be more comfortable with pursuingtreatment that is less invasive and can still improve their facial asymmetry <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dermal%20fillers" title="dermal fillers">dermal fillers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=facial%20asymmetry" title=" facial asymmetry"> facial asymmetry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parry%20romberg%20syndrome" title=" parry romberg syndrome"> parry romberg syndrome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tissue%20fillers" title=" tissue fillers"> tissue fillers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158432/literature-review-of-the-management-of-parry-romberg-syndrome-with-fillers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158432.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">87</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">148</span> Current Drainage Attack Correction via Adjusting the Attacking Saw-Function Asymmetry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuri%20Boiko">Yuri Boiko</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iluju%20Kiringa"> Iluju Kiringa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tet%20Yeap"> Tet Yeap</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Current drainage attack suggested previously is further studied in regular settings of closed-loop controlled Brushless DC (BLDC) motor with Kalman filter in the feedback loop. Modeling and simulation experiments are conducted in a Matlab environment, implementing the closed-loop control model of BLDC motor operation in position sensorless mode under Kalman filter drive. The current increase in the motor windings is caused by the controller (p-controller in our case) affected by false data injection of substitution of the angular velocity estimates with distorted values. Operation of multiplication to distortion coefficient, values of which are taken from the distortion function synchronized in its periodicity with the rotor’s position change. A saw function with a triangular tooth shape is studied herewith for the purpose of carrying out the bias injection with current drainage consequences. The specific focus here is on how the asymmetry of the tooth in the saw function affects the flow of current drainage. The purpose is two-fold: (i) to produce and collect the signature of an asymmetric saw in the attack for further pattern recognition process, and (ii) to determine conditions of improving stealthiness of such attack via regulating asymmetry in saw function used. It is found that modification of the symmetry in the saw tooth affects the periodicity of current drainage modulation. Specifically, the modulation frequency of the drained current for a fully asymmetric tooth shape coincides with the saw function modulation frequency itself. Increasing the symmetry parameter for the triangle tooth shape leads to an increase in the modulation frequency for the drained current. Moreover, such frequency reaches the switching frequency of the motor windings for fully symmetric triangular shapes, thus becoming undetectable and improving the stealthiness of the attack. Therefore, the collected signatures of the attack can serve for attack parameter identification via the pattern recognition route. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bias%20injection%20attack" title="bias injection attack">bias injection attack</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kalman%20filter" title=" Kalman filter"> Kalman filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BLDC%20motor" title=" BLDC motor"> BLDC motor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=control%20system" title=" control system"> control system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=closed%20loop" title=" closed loop"> closed loop</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P-controller" title=" P-controller"> P-controller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PID-controller" title=" PID-controller"> PID-controller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=current%20drainage" title=" current drainage"> current drainage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=saw-function" title=" saw-function"> saw-function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=asymmetry" title=" asymmetry"> asymmetry</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161313/current-drainage-attack-correction-via-adjusting-the-attacking-saw-function-asymmetry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161313.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">80</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">147</span> Positive-Negative Asymmetry in the Evaluations of Political Candidates: The Mediating Role of Affect in the Relationship between Cognitive Evaluation and Voting Intention</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Magdalena%20Jablonska">Magdalena Jablonska</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrzej%20Falkowski"> Andrzej Falkowski</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The negativity effect is one of the most intriguing and well-studied psychological phenomena that can be observed in many areas of human life. The aim of the following study is to investigate how valence framing and positive and negative information about political candidates affect judgments about similarity to an ideal and bad politician. Based on the theoretical framework of features of similarity, it is hypothesized that negative features have a stronger effect on similarity judgments than positive features of comparable value. Furthermore, the mediating role of affect is tested. Method: One hundred sixty-one people took part in an experimental study. Participants were divided into 6 research conditions that differed in the reference point (positive vs negative framing) and the number of favourable and unfavourable information items about political candidates (a positive, neutral and negative candidate profile). In positive framing condition, the concept of an ideal politician was primed; in the negative condition, participants were to think about a bad politician. The effect of independent variables on similarity judgments, affective evaluation, and voting intention was tested. Results: In the positive condition, the analysis showed that the negative effect of additional unfavourable features was greater than the positive effect of additional favourable features in judgements about similarity to the ideal candidate. In negative framing condition, ANOVA was insignificant, showing that neither the addition of positive features nor additional negative information had a significant impact on the similarity to a bad political candidate. To explain this asymmetry, two mediational analyses were conducted that tested the mediating role of affect in the relationship between similarity judgments and voting intention. In both situations the mediating effect was significant, but the comparison of two models showed that the mediation was stronger for a negative framing. Discussion: The research supports the negativity effect and attempts to explain the psychological mechanism behind the positive-negative asymmetry. The results of mediation analyses point to a stronger mediating role of affect in the relationship between cognitive evaluation and voting intention. Such a result suggests that negative comparisons, leading to the activation of negative features, give rise to stronger emotions than positive features of comparable strength. The findings are in line with positive-negative asymmetry, however, by adopting Tversky’s framework of features of similarity, the study integrates the cognitive mechanism of the negativity effect delineated in the contrast model of similarity with its emotional component resulting from the asymmetrical effect of positive and negative emotions on decision-making. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=affect" title="affect">affect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=framing" title=" framing"> framing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=negativity%20effect" title=" negativity effect"> negativity effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=positive-negative%20asymmetry" title=" positive-negative asymmetry"> positive-negative asymmetry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=similarity%20judgements" title=" similarity judgements"> similarity judgements</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74669/positive-negative-asymmetry-in-the-evaluations-of-political-candidates-the-mediating-role-of-affect-in-the-relationship-between-cognitive-evaluation-and-voting-intention" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74669.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">198</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">146</span> Karyotyping the Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdullah%20M.%20Alzahrani">Abdullah M. Alzahrani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The karyotypes of Khalas (KH), Sukkary (SK), Sheeshi (SS), Shibeebi (SB) and Sillije (SJ) date palm cultivars were investigated. Data showed no variation in chromosome number, 2n = 36, 34 autosomes in addition to XX in females and XY in males. Mean autosomes length ranged from 3.85-9.93 μm and 3.71-2.73 μm for X and Y chromosomes, respectively. The formula of female date palm karyotype was 8m + 4sm +2st + 4t, and submedian Y chromosome. Relative chromosome length ranged from 3.3- 9.38 μm. SS cultivar showed high asymmetry levels by scoring low values of Syi (45.51), TF (42.8) and high values for A1 (0.53), A (0.41) and AI (0.29). Syi developed an inverse relation with A1 and A while A exhibited a direct correlation with A1. Cultivars SK, SB and SJ score medium values of Syi, A1, AI and A. KH cultivar exhibited high symmetry by scoring highest values of Syi (53.68), TF (51.81) and lowest values of A1 (0.44), A (0.34) and AI (0.18). Higher DI value was obtained in SB cultivar (1.34) followed by SJ (1.15) and low DI scores of 0.99, 0.86 and 0.71 were detected in KH, SS and SK, respectively. Stebbins classification assorted SS as 3B and the other cultivars as 2B, insuring the evolution and asymmetry of SS compared to the other karyotypes. Scatter diagram of Syi-A1 couple has the advantage of revealing high degree of sensitivity to present karyotype interrelationships, followed by AI-A and CVCL-CVCI couples. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karyotype" title="Karyotype">Karyotype</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=date%20palm" title=" date palm"> date palm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khalas" title=" Khalas"> Khalas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sukkary" title=" Sukkary"> Sukkary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sheeshi" title=" Sheeshi"> Sheeshi</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40557/karyotyping-the-date-palm-phoenix-dactylifera-l" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40557.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">369</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">145</span> Longitudinal Vortices Mixing in Three-Stream Micromixers with Two Inlets</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yi-Tun%20Huang">Yi-Tun Huang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chih-Yang%20Wu"> Chih-Yang Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shu-Wei%20Huang"> Shu-Wei Huang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this work, we examine fluid mixing in a full three-stream mixing channel with longitudinal vortex generators (LVGs) built on the channel bottom by numerical simulation and experiment. The effects of the asymmetrical arrangement and the attack angle of the LVGs on fluid mixing are investigated. The results show that the micromixer with LVGs at a small asymmetry index (defined by the ratio of the distance from the center plane of the gap between the winglets to the center plane of the main channel to the width of the main channel) is superior to the micromixer with symmetric LVGs and that with LVGs at a large asymmetry index. The micromixer using five mixing modules of the LVGs with an attack angle between 16.5 degrees and 22.5 degrees can achieve excellent mixing over a wide range of Reynolds numbers. Here, we call a section of channel with two pairs of staggered asymmetrical LVGs a mixing module. Besides, the micromixer with LVGs at a small attack angle is more efficient than that with a larger attack angle when pressure losses are taken into account. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microfluidics" title="microfluidics">microfluidics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixing" title=" mixing"> mixing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=longitudinal%20vortex%20generators" title=" longitudinal vortex generators"> longitudinal vortex generators</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=two%20stream%20interfaces" title=" two stream interfaces"> two stream interfaces</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7216/longitudinal-vortices-mixing-in-three-stream-micromixers-with-two-inlets" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7216.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">521</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">144</span> Nonlinear Optics of Dirac Fermion Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vipin%20Kumar">Vipin Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Girish%20S.%20Setlur"> Girish S. Setlur</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Graphene has been recognized as a promising 2D material with many new properties. However, pristine graphene is gapless which hinders its direct application towards graphene-based semiconducting devices. Graphene is a zero-gapp and linearly dispersing semiconductor. Massless charge carriers (quasi-particles) in graphene obey the relativistic Dirac equation. These Dirac fermions show very unusual physical properties such as electronic, optical and transport. Graphene is analogous to two-level atomic systems and conventional semiconductors. We may expect that graphene-based systems will also exhibit phenomena that are well-known in two-level atomic systems and in conventional semiconductors. Rabi oscillation is a nonlinear optical phenomenon well-known in the context of two-level atomic systems and also in conventional semiconductors. It is the periodic exchange of energy between the system of interest and the electromagnetic field. The present work describes the phenomenon of Rabi oscillations in graphene based systems. Rabi oscillations have already been described theoretically and experimentally in the extensive literature available on this topic. To describe Rabi oscillations they use an approximation known as rotating wave approximation (RWA) well-known in studies of two-level systems. RWA is valid only near conventional resonance (small detuning)- when the frequency of the external field is nearly equal to the particle-hole excitation frequency. The Rabi frequency goes through a minimum close to conventional resonance as a function of detuning. Far from conventional resonance, the RWA becomes rather less useful and we need some other technique to describe the phenomenon of Rabi oscillation. In conventional systems, there is no second minimum - the only minimum is at conventional resonance. But in graphene we find anomalous Rabi oscillations far from conventional resonance where the Rabi frequency goes through a minimum that is much smaller than the conventional Rabi frequency. This is known as anomalous Rabi frequency and is unique to graphene systems. We have shown that this is attributable to the pseudo-spin degree of freedom in graphene systems. A new technique, which is an alternative to RWA called asymptotic RWA (ARWA), has been invoked by our group to discuss the phenomenon of Rabi oscillation. Experimentally accessible current density shows different types of threshold behaviour in frequency domain close to the anomalous Rabi frequency depending on the system chosen. For single layer graphene, the exponent at threshold is equal to 1/2 while in case of bilayer graphene, it is computed to be equal to 1. Bilayer graphene shows harmonic (anomalous) resonances absent in single layer graphene. The effect of asymmetry and trigonal warping (a weak direct inter-layer hopping in bilayer graphene) on these oscillations is also studied in graphene systems. Asymmetry has a remarkable effect only on anomalous Rabi oscillations whereas the Rabi frequency near conventional resonance is not significantly affected by the asymmetry parameter. In presence of asymmetry, these graphene systems show Rabi-like oscillations (offset oscillations) even for vanishingly small applied field strengths (less than the gap parameter). The frequency of offset oscillations may be identified with the asymmetry parameter. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graphene" title="graphene">graphene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bilayer%20graphene" title=" Bilayer graphene"> Bilayer graphene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rabi%20oscillations" title=" Rabi oscillations"> Rabi oscillations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dirac%20fermion%20systems" title=" Dirac fermion systems"> Dirac fermion systems</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15507/nonlinear-optics-of-dirac-fermion-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15507.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">297</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">143</span> Sensitivity of the Estimated Output Energy of the Induction Motor to both the Asymmetry Supply Voltage and the Machine Parameters </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eyhab%20El-Kharashi">Eyhab El-Kharashi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maher%20El-Dessouki"> Maher El-Dessouki </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper is dedicated to precise assessment of the induction motor output energy during the unbalanced operation. Since many years ago and until now the voltage complex unbalance factor (CVUF) is used only to assess the output energy of the induction motor while this output energy for asymmetry supply voltage does not depend on the value of unbalanced voltage only but also on the machine parameters. The paper illustrates the variation of the two unbalance factors, complex voltage unbalance factor (CVUF) and impedance unbalance factor (IUF), with positive sequence voltage component, reveals that degree and manner of unbalance in supply voltage. From this point of view the paper delineates the current unbalance factor (CUF) to exactly reflect the output energy during unbalanced operation. The paper proceeds to illustrate the importance of using this factor in the multi-machine system to precise prediction of the output energy during the unbalanced operation. The use of the proposed unbalance factor (CUF) avoids the accumulation of the error due to more than one machine in the system which is expected if only the complex voltage unbalance factor (CVUF) is used. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=induction%20motor" title="induction motor">induction motor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electromagnetic%20torque" title=" electromagnetic torque"> electromagnetic torque</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=voltage%20unbalance" title=" voltage unbalance"> voltage unbalance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20conversion" title=" energy conversion"> energy conversion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14861/sensitivity-of-the-estimated-output-energy-of-the-induction-motor-to-both-the-asymmetry-supply-voltage-and-the-machine-parameters" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14861.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">557</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">142</span> Translation and Legal Terminology: Techniques for Coping with the Untranslatability of Legal Terms between Arabic and English</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rafat%20Alwazna">Rafat Alwazna</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Technical lexicon is witnessing a large upsurge in the use of new terminologies whose emergence is an inevitable result of the spread of high-quality technology, the existence of scientific paradigms and the fast growth of research in different disciplines. One important subfield of terminology is legal terminology, which forms a crucial part of legal studies, and whose translation from one legal system into another is deemed a formidable and arduous task that needs to be properly performed by legal translators. Indeed, the issue of untranslatability of legal terms, particularly between originally unrelated languages, like legal Arabic and legal English, has long been a real challenge in legal translation. It stems from the conceptual incongruency between legal terms of different legal languages, which are derived from different legal cultures and legal systems. Such conceptual asymmetry is owing to the fact that law has no universal reference and that legal language is what determines the degree of difference in conceptual correspondence. The present paper argues that although conceptual asymmetry, which is the main reason for the issue of untranslatability of legal terms, cannot be denied in legal translation, there exist certain translation techniques which, if properly adopted, would resolve the issue of untranslatability of legal terms and therefore achieve acceptable legal translation. Hence, the question of untranslatability of legal terms should no longer exist within the context of legal translation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conceptual%20incongruency" title="conceptual incongruency">conceptual incongruency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Legal%20terms" title=" Legal terms"> Legal terms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=translation%20techniques" title=" translation techniques"> translation techniques</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=untranslatability" title=" untranslatability"> untranslatability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86078/translation-and-legal-terminology-techniques-for-coping-with-the-untranslatability-of-legal-terms-between-arabic-and-english" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86078.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">197</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">141</span> Risk Screening in Digital Insurance Distribution: Evidence and Explanations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Finbarr%20Murphy">Finbarr Murphy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wei%20Xu"> Wei Xu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xian%20Xu"> Xian Xu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The embedding of digital technologies in the global economy has attracted increasing attention from economists. With a large and detailed dataset, this study examines the specific case where consumers have a choice between offline and digital channels in the context of insurance purchases. We find that digital channels screen consumers with lower unobserved risk. For the term life, endowment, and disease insurance products, the average risk of the policies purchased through digital channels was 75%, 21%, and 31%, respectively, lower than those purchased offline. As a consequence, the lower unobserved risk leads to weaker information asymmetry and higher profitability of digital channels. We highlight three mechanisms of the risk screening effect: heterogeneous marginal influence of channel features on insurance demand, the channel features directly related to risk control, and the link between the digital divide and risk. We also find that the risk screening effect mainly comes from the extensive margin, i.e., from new consumers. This paper contributes to three connected areas in the insurance context: the heterogeneous economic impacts of digital technology adoption, insurer-side risk selection, and insurance marketing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20economy" title="digital economy">digital economy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20asymmetry" title=" information asymmetry"> information asymmetry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=insurance" title=" insurance"> insurance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20application" title=" mobile application"> mobile application</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20screening" title=" risk screening"> risk screening</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164066/risk-screening-in-digital-insurance-distribution-evidence-and-explanations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164066.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">73</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">140</span> Mental Wellbeing Using Music Intervention: A Case Study of Therapeutic Role of Music, From Both Psychological and Neurocognitive Perspectives</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Medha%20Basu">Medha Basu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kumardeb%20Banerjee"> Kumardeb Banerjee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dipak%20Ghosh"> Dipak Ghosh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> After the massive blow of the COVID-19 pandemic, several health hazards have been reported all over the world. Serious cases of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) are seen to be common in about 15% of the global population, making depression one of the leading mental health diseases, as reported by the World Health Organization. Various psychological and pharmacological treatment techniques are regularly being reported. Music, a globally accepted mode of entertainment, is often used as a therapeutic measure to treat various health conditions. We have tried to understand how Indian Classical Music can affect the overall well-being of the human brain. A case study has been reported here, where a Flute-rendition has been chosen from a detailed audience response survey, and the effects of that clip on human brain conditions have been studied from both psychological and neural perspectives. Taking help from internationally-accepted depression-rating scales, two questionnaires have been designed to understand both the prolonged and immediate effect of music on various emotional states of human lives. Thereafter, from EEG experiments on 5 participants using the same clip, the parameter ‘ALAY’, alpha frontal asymmetry (alpha power difference of right and left frontal hemispheres), has been calculated. Works of Richard Davidson show that an increase in the ‘ALAY’ value indicates a decrease in depressive symptoms. Using the non-linear technique of MFDFA on EEG analysis, we have also calculated frontal asymmetry using the complexity values of alpha-waves in both hemispheres. The results show a positive correlation between both the psychological survey and the EEG findings, revealing the prominent role of music on the human brain, leading to a decrease in mental unrest and an increase in overall well-being. In this study, we plan to propose the scientific foundation of music therapy, especially from a neurocognition perspective, with appropriate neural bio-markers to understand the positive and remedial effects of music on the human brain. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=music%20therapy" title="music therapy">music therapy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EEG" title=" EEG"> EEG</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psychological%20survey" title=" psychological survey"> psychological survey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=frontal%20alpha%20asymmetry" title=" frontal alpha asymmetry"> frontal alpha asymmetry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wellbeing" title=" wellbeing"> wellbeing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186690/mental-wellbeing-using-music-intervention-a-case-study-of-therapeutic-role-of-music-from-both-psychological-and-neurocognitive-perspectives" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186690.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">41</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">139</span> Volatility and Stylized Facts</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kalai%20Lamia">Kalai Lamia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jilani%20Faouzi"> Jilani Faouzi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Measuring and controlling risk is one of the most attractive issues in finance. With the persistence of uncontrolled and erratic stocks movements, volatility is perceived as a barometer of daily fluctuations. An objective measure of this variable seems then needed to control risks and cover those that are considered the most important. Non-linear autoregressive modeling is our first evaluation approach. In particular, we test the presence of “persistence” of conditional variance and the presence of a degree of a leverage effect. In order to resolve for the problem of “asymmetry” in volatility, the retained specifications point to the importance of stocks reactions in response to news. Effects of shocks on volatility highlight also the need to study the “long term” behaviour of conditional variance of stocks returns and articulate the presence of long memory and dependence of time series in the long run. We note that the integrated fractional autoregressive model allows for representing time series that show long-term conditional variance thanks to fractional integration parameters. In order to stop at the dynamics that manage time series, a comparative study of the results of the different models will allow for better understanding volatility structure over the Tunisia stock market, with the aim of accurately predicting fluctuation risks. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=asymmetry%20volatility" title="asymmetry volatility">asymmetry volatility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clustering" title=" clustering"> clustering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stylised%20facts" title=" stylised facts"> stylised facts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leverage%20effect" title=" leverage effect"> leverage effect</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30403/volatility-and-stylized-facts" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30403.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">299</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">138</span> Environment-Specific Political Risk Discourse, Environmental Reputation, and Stock Price Crash Risk</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sohanur%20Rahman">Sohanur Rahman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elisabeth%20Sinnewe"> Elisabeth Sinnewe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Larelle%20%28Ellie%29%E2%80%AFChapple"> Larelle (Ellie) Chapple</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarah%20Osborne"> Sarah Osborne</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Greater political attention to global climate change exposes firms to a higher level of political uncertainty, which can lead to adverse capital market consequences. However, a higher level of discourse on environment-specific political risk (EPR) between management and investors can mitigate information asymmetry, followed by less stock price crash risk. This study examines whether EPR discourse in discourse in the earnings conference calls (ECC) reduces firm-level stock price crash risk in the US market. This research also explores if adverse disclosures via media channels further moderates the association between EPR on crash risk. Employing a dataset of 28,933 firm-year observations from 2002 to 2020, the empirical analysis reveals that EPR discourse in ECC reduces future stock price crash risk. However, adverse disclosures via media channels can offset the favourable effect of EPR discourse on crash risk. The results are robust to the potential endogeneity concern in a quasi-natural experiment setting. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=earnings%20conference%20calls" title="earnings conference calls">earnings conference calls</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environment" title=" environment"> environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environment-specific%20political%20risk%20discourse" title=" environment-specific political risk discourse"> environment-specific political risk discourse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20disclosures" title=" environmental disclosures"> environmental disclosures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20asymmetry" title=" information asymmetry"> information asymmetry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reputation%20risk" title=" reputation risk"> reputation risk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stock%20price%20crash%20risk" title=" stock price crash risk"> stock price crash risk</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152590/environment-specific-political-risk-discourse-environmental-reputation-and-stock-price-crash-risk" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152590.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">140</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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