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class="social-profile-avatar-container"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Jandhyala TILAK" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/225524/26682520/25182700/s200_jandhyala.tilak.png" /></div><div class="title-container"><h1 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-sm">Jandhyala TILAK</h1><div class="affiliations-container fake-truncate js-profile-affiliations"><div><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://csdindia.academia.edu/">Council for Social Development</a>, <a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://csdindia.academia.edu/Departments/Education_Studies/Documents">Education Studies</a>, <span class="u-tcGrayDarker">ICSSR National Fellow & Distinguished Professor [former Vice Chancellor NUEPA]</span></div></div></div></div><div class="sidebar-cta-container"><button class="ds2-5-button hidden profile-cta-button grow js-profile-follow-button" data-broccoli-component="user-info.follow-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-follow-button" data-follow-user-fname="Jandhyala" data-follow-user-id="225524" data-follow-user-source="profile_button" data-has-google="false"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">add</span>Follow</button><button class="ds2-5-button hidden profile-cta-button grow js-profile-unfollow-button" data-broccoli-component="user-info.unfollow-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-unfollow-button" data-unfollow-user-id="225524"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">done</span>Following</button></div></div><div class="user-stats-container"><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-followers"><p class="label">Followers</p><p class="data">1,160</p></div></a><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-followees" data-broccoli-component="user-info.followees-count" data-click-track="profile-expand-user-info-following"><p class="label">Following</p><p class="data">4</p></div></a><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-coauthors" data-broccoli-component="user-info.coauthors-count" data-click-track="profile-expand-user-info-coauthors"><p class="label">Co-authors</p><p class="data">3</p></div></a><div class="js-mentions-count-container" style="display: none;"><a href="/JandhyalaTILAK/mentions"><div class="stat-container"><p class="label">Mentions</p><p class="data"></p></div></a></div><span><div class="stat-container"><p class="label"><span class="js-profile-total-view-text">Public Views</span></p><p class="data"><span class="js-profile-view-count"></span></p></div></span></div><div class="user-bio-container"><div class="profile-bio fake-truncate js-profile-about" style="margin: 0px;">Professor, economist of education, social scientist, Researcher, Author, Vice chancellor<br /><div class="js-profile-less-about u-linkUnstyled u-tcGrayDarker u-textDecorationUnderline u-displayNone">less</div></div></div><div class="suggested-academics-container"><div class="suggested-academics--header"><p class="ds2-5-body-md-bold">Related Authors</p></div><ul class="suggested-user-card-list"><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://ucsb.academia.edu/JudithGreen"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Judith L Green" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/10819/3653/21016275/s200_judith.green.jpg" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://ucsb.academia.edu/JudithGreen">Judith L Green</a><p class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">University of 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Wargo</a><p class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">University of Michigan</p></div></div></ul></div><div class="ri-section"><div class="ri-section-header"><span>Interests</span><a class="ri-more-link js-profile-ri-list-card" data-click-track="profile-user-info-primary-research-interest" data-has-card-for-ri-list="225524">View All (7)</a></div><div class="ri-tags-container"><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="225524" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education"><div id="js-react-on-rails-context" style="display:none" data-rails-context="{"inMailer":false,"i18nLocale":"en","i18nDefaultLocale":"en","href":"https://csdindia.academia.edu/JandhyalaTILAK","location":"/JandhyalaTILAK","scheme":"https","host":"csdindia.academia.edu","port":null,"pathname":"/JandhyalaTILAK","search":null,"httpAcceptLanguage":null,"serverSide":false}"></div> <div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Education"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-5fca2e88-3834-440e-9142-f0bbb32fda19"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-5fca2e88-3834-440e-9142-f0bbb32fda19"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="225524" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Gender"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-3c7c3efe-1d46-4a7e-9451-7bd4725cd652"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-3c7c3efe-1d46-4a7e-9451-7bd4725cd652"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="225524" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Higher_Education"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" 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data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Economics of Education"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-df9fbae9-2783-4006-b492-40a79bfd7b6e"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-df9fbae9-2783-4006-b492-40a79bfd7b6e"></div> </a></div></div><div class="external-links-container"><ul class="profile-links new-profile js-UserInfo-social"><li class="profile-profiles js-social-profiles-container"><i class="fa fa-spin fa-spinner"></i></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="right-panel-container"><div class="user-content-wrapper"><div class="uploads-container" id="social-redesign-work-container"><div class="upload-header"><h2 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-xs">Uploads</h2></div><div class="nav-container backbone-profile-documents-nav hidden-xs"><ul class="nav-tablist" role="tablist"><li class="nav-chip active" role="presentation"><a data-section-name="" data-toggle="tab" href="#all" role="tab">all</a></li><li class="nav-chip" role="presentation"><a class="js-profile-docs-nav-section u-textTruncate" data-click-track="profile-works-tab" data-section-name="Papers" data-toggle="tab" href="#papers" role="tab" title="Papers"><span>426</span> <span class="ds2-5-body-sm-bold">Papers</span></a></li><li class="nav-chip" role="presentation"><a class="js-profile-docs-nav-section u-textTruncate" data-click-track="profile-works-tab" data-section-name="Books" data-toggle="tab" href="#books" role="tab" title="Books"><span>2</span> <span class="ds2-5-body-sm-bold">Books</span></a></li></ul></div><div class="divider ds-divider-16" style="margin: 0px;"></div><div class="documents-container backbone-social-profile-documents" style="width: 100%;"><div class="u-taCenter"></div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane active" id="all"><div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Papers" id="Papers"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Papers by Jandhyala TILAK</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="126359242"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/126359242/COVID_19_and_Education_in_India_A_New_Education_Crisis_in_the_Making"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of COVID-19 and Education in India: A New Education Crisis in the Making" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/126359242/COVID_19_and_Education_in_India_A_New_Education_Crisis_in_the_Making">COVID-19 and Education in India: A New Education Crisis in the Making</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>India studies in business and economics</span><span>, Dec 31, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="126359242"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="126359242"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 126359242; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=126359242]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=126359242]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 126359242; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='126359242']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=126359242]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":126359242,"title":"COVID-19 and Education in India: A New Education Crisis in the Making","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/126359242/COVID_19_and_Education_in_India_A_New_Education_Crisis_in_the_Making","owner_id":225524,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":225524,"first_name":"Jandhyala","middle_initials":"","last_name":"TILAK","page_name":"JandhyalaTILAK","domain_name":"csdindia","created_at":"2010-07-31T04:24:26.237-07:00","display_name":"Jandhyala TILAK","url":"https://csdindia.academia.edu/JandhyalaTILAK"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="126359240"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/126359240/Higher_education_A_public_good_or_a_commodity_for_trade"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Higher education: A public good or a commodity for trade?" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/120247530/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/126359240/Higher_education_A_public_good_or_a_commodity_for_trade">Higher education: A public good or a commodity for trade?</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Routledge eBooks</span><span>, Oct 16, 2017</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Conventionally, higher education is regarded as a public good, benefiting not only the individual...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Conventionally, higher education is regarded as a public good, benefiting not only the individuals but also the whole society by producing a wide variety of externalities or social benefits. Of late, however, the chronic shortage of public funds for higher education, the widespread introduction of neo-liberal economic policies and globalization in every country and in every sector, and the heralding of the international law on trade in services by the World Trade Organization and the General Agreement on Trade and Services-all tend to challenge the long-cherished, well-established view of many that higher education is a public good, and to propose and legitimize the sale and purchase of higher education, as if it is a normal commodity meant for trade. The very shift in perception on the nature of higher education from a public good to a private good-a commodity that can be traded-will have serious implications. The paper describes the nature of the shift from viewing higher education as a public good to a private, tradable commodity and its dangerous implications.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="3823c8a06be12cb058be772b41f28288" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":120247530,"asset_id":126359240,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/120247530/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="126359240"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="126359240"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 126359240; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="126359238"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/126359238/Inclusive_Growth_and_Education"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Inclusive Growth and Education" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/126359238/Inclusive_Growth_and_Education">Inclusive Growth and Education</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Inclusive growth is regarded as the new mantra of development. This chapter critically looks at t...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Inclusive growth is regarded as the new mantra of development. This chapter critically looks at the approach to the development of education outlined in the Approach to the Eleventh five-year plan, some of the new and not-so-new strategies proposed, a few controversial proposals, the assumptions that underlie them, the issues conveniently ignored and highlights the weaknesses and the continuation of the big policy vacuum.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="126359238"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="126359238"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 126359238; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=126359238]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=126359238]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 126359238; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='126359238']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=126359238]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":126359238,"title":"Inclusive Growth and Education","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/126359238/Inclusive_Growth_and_Education","owner_id":225524,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":225524,"first_name":"Jandhyala","middle_initials":"","last_name":"TILAK","page_name":"JandhyalaTILAK","domain_name":"csdindia","created_at":"2010-07-31T04:24:26.237-07:00","display_name":"Jandhyala TILAK","url":"https://csdindia.academia.edu/JandhyalaTILAK"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="126359237"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/126359237/Statistics_on_Education_in_India"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Statistics on Education in India" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/126359237/Statistics_on_Education_in_India">Statistics on Education in India</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Educational statistics assume greater significance today than ever in view of the structural and ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Educational statistics assume greater significance today than ever in view of the structural and systematic changes that are rapidly taking place in the social and economic sectors in India. The chapter reviews the current status of educational statistics, identify and discuss problems relating to educational statistics including their reliability, comparability of data collected by various institutions, gaps in data and the bottlenecks in their timely processing and dissemination, and outline important strategies for streamlining and improving the whole system.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="126359237"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="126359237"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 126359237; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="126359234"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/126359234/Book_review_Pankaj_Jalote_Ed_Building_Research_Universities_in_India"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Book review: Pankaj Jalote (Ed.), Building Research Universities in India" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/126359234/Book_review_Pankaj_Jalote_Ed_Building_Research_Universities_in_India">Book review: Pankaj Jalote (Ed.), Building Research Universities in India</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Indian Journal of Human Development</span><span>, Dec 1, 2021</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Pankaj Jalote (Ed.), Building Research Universities in India (SAGE Studies in Higher Education). ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Pankaj Jalote (Ed.), Building Research Universities in India (SAGE Studies in Higher Education). SAGE Publications, 2021, 415 pp., ₹1495, ISBN: 9789353885021 (Hardback).</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="126359234"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="126359234"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 126359234; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=126359234]").text(description); 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dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=126359233]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":126359233,"title":"The Policy Crisis in Education","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/126359233/The_Policy_Crisis_in_Education","owner_id":225524,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":225524,"first_name":"Jandhyala","middle_initials":"","last_name":"TILAK","page_name":"JandhyalaTILAK","domain_name":"csdindia","created_at":"2010-07-31T04:24:26.237-07:00","display_name":"Jandhyala TILAK","url":"https://csdindia.academia.edu/JandhyalaTILAK"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="126359232"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/126359232/What_can_we_learn_from_Universities_of_Ancient_India"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of What can we learn from Universities of Ancient India?" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/120247494/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/126359232/What_can_we_learn_from_Universities_of_Ancient_India">What can we learn from Universities of Ancient India?</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of contemporary educational research</span><span>, Dec 23, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Over the last several centuries, the concept of university is undergoing dramatic change, the cha...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Over the last several centuries, the concept of university is undergoing dramatic change, the change being ever dynamic. Quite a few new generations of universities emerged and one notices a clear contrast between the ancient and the modern ones, including the ones set up during the medieval times. While searching for new and innovative modes of developing universities today in the twenty-first century, there is a lot that one can learn from a reading of the history of some of the ancient universities, in their nature, scope, coverage, planning, funding, spread, teacher-student relations, institution-community relations and many other aspects. Concentrating on ancient universities of India, the article draws a few important lessons relevant for development of universities in the twenty-first century.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="ddfaca403d9276ef5f8df0503f72a4c2" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":120247494,"asset_id":126359232,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/120247494/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="126359232"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="126359232"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 126359232; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="126359230"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/126359230/Inadequate_Funding_for_Elementary_Education"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Inadequate Funding for Elementary Education" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/126359230/Inadequate_Funding_for_Elementary_Education">Inadequate Funding for Elementary Education</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Public financing of education is a State responsibility and the contribution of external aid or p...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Public financing of education is a State responsibility and the contribution of external aid or private sector is negligible and also not desirable. The attention education sector has received in recent years is clearly reflected in sheer decline in financial allocations in proportion of national income or total budgetary resources. The chapter analyses the sorry state of affairs, while emphasising that for comprehensive economic, social and human development there is no alternative to State fulfilling its duty towards adequately financing education.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="126359230"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="126359230"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 126359230; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=126359230]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=126359230]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 126359230; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='126359230']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=126359230]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":126359230,"title":"Inadequate Funding for Elementary Education","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/126359230/Inadequate_Funding_for_Elementary_Education","owner_id":225524,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":225524,"first_name":"Jandhyala","middle_initials":"","last_name":"TILAK","page_name":"JandhyalaTILAK","domain_name":"csdindia","created_at":"2010-07-31T04:24:26.237-07:00","display_name":"Jandhyala TILAK","url":"https://csdindia.academia.edu/JandhyalaTILAK"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="126359229"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/126359229/Centre_State_Relations_in_Financing_Education_in_India_Occasional_Paper_5"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Centre-State Relations in Financing Education in India. 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window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=126359227]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=126359227]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 126359227; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='126359227']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=126359227]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":126359227,"title":"Education and Development: Measuring the Social Benefits","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/126359227/Education_and_Development_Measuring_the_Social_Benefits","owner_id":225524,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":225524,"first_name":"Jandhyala","middle_initials":"","last_name":"TILAK","page_name":"JandhyalaTILAK","domain_name":"csdindia","created_at":"2010-07-31T04:24:26.237-07:00","display_name":"Jandhyala TILAK","url":"https://csdindia.academia.edu/JandhyalaTILAK"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="126359226"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/126359226/National_University_on_Educational_Planning_and_Administration_New_Delhi_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of National University on Educational Planning and Administration, New Delhi*" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/126359226/National_University_on_Educational_Planning_and_Administration_New_Delhi_">National University on Educational Planning and Administration, New Delhi*</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Elsevier eBooks</span><span>, 2010</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The National University of Educational Planning and Administration is a specialized public instit...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The National University of Educational Planning and Administration is a specialized public institution of higher education that is involved in research, training, consultancy, and teaching in the area of educational policy, planning, and administration, operating at the national and international levels. This article provides a brief glimpse of its genesis, growth, the nature and functions, and its contributions to research and training in the area of education development.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="126359226"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="126359226"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 126359226; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=126359226]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=126359226]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 126359226; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='126359226']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=126359226]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":126359226,"title":"National University on Educational Planning and Administration, New Delhi*","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/126359226/National_University_on_Educational_Planning_and_Administration_New_Delhi_","owner_id":225524,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":225524,"first_name":"Jandhyala","middle_initials":"","last_name":"TILAK","page_name":"JandhyalaTILAK","domain_name":"csdindia","created_at":"2010-07-31T04:24:26.237-07:00","display_name":"Jandhyala TILAK","url":"https://csdindia.academia.edu/JandhyalaTILAK"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="126359225"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/126359225/Lessons_from_cost_recovery_in_education_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Lessons from cost recovery in education*" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/126359225/Lessons_from_cost_recovery_in_education_">Lessons from cost recovery in education*</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Lessons from Cost Recovery in Education JANDHYALA BG TILAK In policy terms, neo-liberals and stru...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Lessons from Cost Recovery in Education JANDHYALA BG TILAK In policy terms, neo-liberals and structuralists differ primarily in the extent to which they advocate state involvement in market processes (see Colclough 1991&lt; a: 1). This chapter attempts to assess the arguments of ...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="126359225"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="126359225"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 126359225; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=126359225]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=126359225]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 126359225; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='126359225']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=126359225]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":126359225,"title":"Lessons from cost recovery in education*","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/126359225/Lessons_from_cost_recovery_in_education_","owner_id":225524,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":225524,"first_name":"Jandhyala","middle_initials":"","last_name":"TILAK","page_name":"JandhyalaTILAK","domain_name":"csdindia","created_at":"2010-07-31T04:24:26.237-07:00","display_name":"Jandhyala TILAK","url":"https://csdindia.academia.edu/JandhyalaTILAK"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="126359224"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/126359224/Education_and_Labour_Market_Discrimination"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Education and Labour Market Discrimination" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/126359224/Education_and_Labour_Market_Discrimination">Education and Labour Market Discrimination</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The Indian Journal of Industrial Relations</span><span>, 1980</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In India, women, backward castes, and people in rural areas constitute the weaker sections. These...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In India, women, backward castes, and people in rural areas constitute the weaker sections. These three groups are subject to several forms of discrimination. This study, based on data collected through a sample survey in the West Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh conducted in 1977-78 covering about 1,000 members in the work force, highlights two facets of discrimination?discrimination in employ ment and discrimination in wages. The coefficients of discrimination in employment by sex and place (rural-urban) and in wages by sex, caste, and place are estimated. In each case, the coefficients of wage discrimination are estimated by age and educational levels and the coefficients of employment discrimination by educational levels only. The author finds, among other things, that the incidence of unemployment is higher among women than among men at every level of education; that the unemployment rate among the highly educated is higher in rural areas than in urban areas; and that there is subtasntial discrimination in the labour market with gard to wage against the weaker sections.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="126359224"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="126359224"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 126359224; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=126359224]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=126359224]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 126359224; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='126359224']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=126359224]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":126359224,"title":"Education and Labour Market Discrimination","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/126359224/Education_and_Labour_Market_Discrimination","owner_id":225524,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":225524,"first_name":"Jandhyala","middle_initials":"","last_name":"TILAK","page_name":"JandhyalaTILAK","domain_name":"csdindia","created_at":"2010-07-31T04:24:26.237-07:00","display_name":"Jandhyala TILAK","url":"https://csdindia.academia.edu/JandhyalaTILAK"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="126359223"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/126359223/Education_Poverty_in_India"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Education Poverty in India" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/126359223/Education_Poverty_in_India">Education Poverty in India</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Springer eBooks</span><span>, 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Using the 52nd round of the National Sample Survey, supplemented by the data available from the l...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Using the 52nd round of the National Sample Survey, supplemented by the data available from the latest All-India Education Survey, an attempt at unravelling several dimensions of deprivation of education of the poor in India is made here. The chapter exposes the most disturbing feature of the Indian education system, i.e., utter lack of equity in access to education over different economic classes of people. The evidence on the Indian States and also the evidence by household expenditure groups confirm significant, strong and inverse correlation between levels of educational attainment and levels of poverty. Participation in education is a consistently increasing function of household economic levels and the conformity of such a systematic pattern in case of all groups of population—rural, urban, male and female, rather with no exception at all is strikingly clear. The factors that explain low participation and high dropout rates of the poor are also analysed.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="126359223"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="126359223"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 126359223; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=126359223]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=126359223]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 126359223; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='126359223']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="2941850" id="papers"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="126359242"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/126359242/COVID_19_and_Education_in_India_A_New_Education_Crisis_in_the_Making"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of COVID-19 and Education in India: A New Education Crisis in the Making" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/126359242/COVID_19_and_Education_in_India_A_New_Education_Crisis_in_the_Making">COVID-19 and Education in India: A New Education Crisis in the Making</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>India studies in business and economics</span><span>, Dec 31, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="126359242"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="126359242"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 126359242; 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dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=126359242]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":126359242,"title":"COVID-19 and Education in India: A New Education Crisis in the Making","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/126359242/COVID_19_and_Education_in_India_A_New_Education_Crisis_in_the_Making","owner_id":225524,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":225524,"first_name":"Jandhyala","middle_initials":"","last_name":"TILAK","page_name":"JandhyalaTILAK","domain_name":"csdindia","created_at":"2010-07-31T04:24:26.237-07:00","display_name":"Jandhyala TILAK","url":"https://csdindia.academia.edu/JandhyalaTILAK"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="126359240"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/126359240/Higher_education_A_public_good_or_a_commodity_for_trade"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Higher education: A public good or a commodity for trade?" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/120247530/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/126359240/Higher_education_A_public_good_or_a_commodity_for_trade">Higher education: A public good or a commodity for trade?</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Routledge eBooks</span><span>, Oct 16, 2017</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Conventionally, higher education is regarded as a public good, benefiting not only the individual...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Conventionally, higher education is regarded as a public good, benefiting not only the individuals but also the whole society by producing a wide variety of externalities or social benefits. Of late, however, the chronic shortage of public funds for higher education, the widespread introduction of neo-liberal economic policies and globalization in every country and in every sector, and the heralding of the international law on trade in services by the World Trade Organization and the General Agreement on Trade and Services-all tend to challenge the long-cherished, well-established view of many that higher education is a public good, and to propose and legitimize the sale and purchase of higher education, as if it is a normal commodity meant for trade. The very shift in perception on the nature of higher education from a public good to a private good-a commodity that can be traded-will have serious implications. The paper describes the nature of the shift from viewing higher education as a public good to a private, tradable commodity and its dangerous implications.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="3823c8a06be12cb058be772b41f28288" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":120247530,"asset_id":126359240,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/120247530/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="126359240"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="126359240"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 126359240; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="126359238"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/126359238/Inclusive_Growth_and_Education"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Inclusive Growth and Education" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/126359238/Inclusive_Growth_and_Education">Inclusive Growth and Education</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Inclusive growth is regarded as the new mantra of development. This chapter critically looks at t...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Inclusive growth is regarded as the new mantra of development. This chapter critically looks at the approach to the development of education outlined in the Approach to the Eleventh five-year plan, some of the new and not-so-new strategies proposed, a few controversial proposals, the assumptions that underlie them, the issues conveniently ignored and highlights the weaknesses and the continuation of the big policy vacuum.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="126359238"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="126359238"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 126359238; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=126359238]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=126359238]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 126359238; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='126359238']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=126359238]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":126359238,"title":"Inclusive Growth and Education","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/126359238/Inclusive_Growth_and_Education","owner_id":225524,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":225524,"first_name":"Jandhyala","middle_initials":"","last_name":"TILAK","page_name":"JandhyalaTILAK","domain_name":"csdindia","created_at":"2010-07-31T04:24:26.237-07:00","display_name":"Jandhyala TILAK","url":"https://csdindia.academia.edu/JandhyalaTILAK"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="126359237"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/126359237/Statistics_on_Education_in_India"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Statistics on Education in India" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/126359237/Statistics_on_Education_in_India">Statistics on Education in India</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Educational statistics assume greater significance today than ever in view of the structural and ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Educational statistics assume greater significance today than ever in view of the structural and systematic changes that are rapidly taking place in the social and economic sectors in India. The chapter reviews the current status of educational statistics, identify and discuss problems relating to educational statistics including their reliability, comparability of data collected by various institutions, gaps in data and the bottlenecks in their timely processing and dissemination, and outline important strategies for streamlining and improving the whole system.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="126359237"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="126359237"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 126359237; 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dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=126359237]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":126359237,"title":"Statistics on Education in India","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/126359237/Statistics_on_Education_in_India","owner_id":225524,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":225524,"first_name":"Jandhyala","middle_initials":"","last_name":"TILAK","page_name":"JandhyalaTILAK","domain_name":"csdindia","created_at":"2010-07-31T04:24:26.237-07:00","display_name":"Jandhyala TILAK","url":"https://csdindia.academia.edu/JandhyalaTILAK"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="126359236"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/126359236/Educational_finances_in_South_Asia"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Educational finances in South Asia" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/126359236/Educational_finances_in_South_Asia">Educational finances in South Asia</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>United Nations Centre for Regional Development eBooks</span><span>, 1988</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="126359236"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="126359236"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 126359236; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="126359234"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/126359234/Book_review_Pankaj_Jalote_Ed_Building_Research_Universities_in_India"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Book review: Pankaj Jalote (Ed.), Building Research Universities in India" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/126359234/Book_review_Pankaj_Jalote_Ed_Building_Research_Universities_in_India">Book review: Pankaj Jalote (Ed.), Building Research Universities in India</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Indian Journal of Human Development</span><span>, Dec 1, 2021</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Pankaj Jalote (Ed.), Building Research Universities in India (SAGE Studies in Higher Education). ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Pankaj Jalote (Ed.), Building Research Universities in India (SAGE Studies in Higher Education). SAGE Publications, 2021, 415 pp., ₹1495, ISBN: 9789353885021 (Hardback).</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="126359234"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="126359234"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 126359234; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=126359234]").text(description); 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Quite a few new generations of universities emerged and one notices a clear contrast between the ancient and the modern ones, including the ones set up during the medieval times. While searching for new and innovative modes of developing universities today in the twenty-first century, there is a lot that one can learn from a reading of the history of some of the ancient universities, in their nature, scope, coverage, planning, funding, spread, teacher-student relations, institution-community relations and many other aspects. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="126359230"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/126359230/Inadequate_Funding_for_Elementary_Education"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Inadequate Funding for Elementary Education" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/126359230/Inadequate_Funding_for_Elementary_Education">Inadequate Funding for Elementary Education</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Public financing of education is a State responsibility and the contribution of external aid or p...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Public financing of education is a State responsibility and the contribution of external aid or private sector is negligible and also not desirable. The attention education sector has received in recent years is clearly reflected in sheer decline in financial allocations in proportion of national income or total budgetary resources. The chapter analyses the sorry state of affairs, while emphasising that for comprehensive economic, social and human development there is no alternative to State fulfilling its duty towards adequately financing education.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="126359230"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="126359230"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 126359230; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=126359230]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=126359230]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 126359230; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='126359230']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=126359230]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":126359230,"title":"Inadequate Funding for Elementary Education","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/126359230/Inadequate_Funding_for_Elementary_Education","owner_id":225524,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":225524,"first_name":"Jandhyala","middle_initials":"","last_name":"TILAK","page_name":"JandhyalaTILAK","domain_name":"csdindia","created_at":"2010-07-31T04:24:26.237-07:00","display_name":"Jandhyala TILAK","url":"https://csdindia.academia.edu/JandhyalaTILAK"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="126359229"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/126359229/Centre_State_Relations_in_Financing_Education_in_India_Occasional_Paper_5"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Centre-State Relations in Financing Education in India. 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window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=126359227]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=126359227]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 126359227; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='126359227']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=126359227]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":126359227,"title":"Education and Development: Measuring the Social Benefits","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/126359227/Education_and_Development_Measuring_the_Social_Benefits","owner_id":225524,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":225524,"first_name":"Jandhyala","middle_initials":"","last_name":"TILAK","page_name":"JandhyalaTILAK","domain_name":"csdindia","created_at":"2010-07-31T04:24:26.237-07:00","display_name":"Jandhyala TILAK","url":"https://csdindia.academia.edu/JandhyalaTILAK"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="126359226"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/126359226/National_University_on_Educational_Planning_and_Administration_New_Delhi_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of National University on Educational Planning and Administration, New Delhi*" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/126359226/National_University_on_Educational_Planning_and_Administration_New_Delhi_">National University on Educational Planning and Administration, New Delhi*</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Elsevier eBooks</span><span>, 2010</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The National University of Educational Planning and Administration is a specialized public instit...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The National University of Educational Planning and Administration is a specialized public institution of higher education that is involved in research, training, consultancy, and teaching in the area of educational policy, planning, and administration, operating at the national and international levels. This article provides a brief glimpse of its genesis, growth, the nature and functions, and its contributions to research and training in the area of education development.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="126359226"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="126359226"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 126359226; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=126359226]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=126359226]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 126359226; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='126359226']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=126359226]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":126359226,"title":"National University on Educational Planning and Administration, New Delhi*","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/126359226/National_University_on_Educational_Planning_and_Administration_New_Delhi_","owner_id":225524,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":225524,"first_name":"Jandhyala","middle_initials":"","last_name":"TILAK","page_name":"JandhyalaTILAK","domain_name":"csdindia","created_at":"2010-07-31T04:24:26.237-07:00","display_name":"Jandhyala TILAK","url":"https://csdindia.academia.edu/JandhyalaTILAK"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="126359225"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/126359225/Lessons_from_cost_recovery_in_education_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Lessons from cost recovery in education*" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/126359225/Lessons_from_cost_recovery_in_education_">Lessons from cost recovery in education*</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Lessons from Cost Recovery in Education JANDHYALA BG TILAK In policy terms, neo-liberals and stru...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Lessons from Cost Recovery in Education JANDHYALA BG TILAK In policy terms, neo-liberals and structuralists differ primarily in the extent to which they advocate state involvement in market processes (see Colclough 1991&lt; a: 1). This chapter attempts to assess the arguments of ...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="126359225"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="126359225"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 126359225; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=126359225]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=126359225]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 126359225; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='126359225']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=126359225]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":126359225,"title":"Lessons from cost recovery in education*","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/126359225/Lessons_from_cost_recovery_in_education_","owner_id":225524,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":225524,"first_name":"Jandhyala","middle_initials":"","last_name":"TILAK","page_name":"JandhyalaTILAK","domain_name":"csdindia","created_at":"2010-07-31T04:24:26.237-07:00","display_name":"Jandhyala TILAK","url":"https://csdindia.academia.edu/JandhyalaTILAK"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="126359224"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/126359224/Education_and_Labour_Market_Discrimination"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Education and Labour Market Discrimination" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/126359224/Education_and_Labour_Market_Discrimination">Education and Labour Market Discrimination</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The Indian Journal of Industrial Relations</span><span>, 1980</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In India, women, backward castes, and people in rural areas constitute the weaker sections. These...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In India, women, backward castes, and people in rural areas constitute the weaker sections. These three groups are subject to several forms of discrimination. This study, based on data collected through a sample survey in the West Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh conducted in 1977-78 covering about 1,000 members in the work force, highlights two facets of discrimination?discrimination in employ ment and discrimination in wages. The coefficients of discrimination in employment by sex and place (rural-urban) and in wages by sex, caste, and place are estimated. In each case, the coefficients of wage discrimination are estimated by age and educational levels and the coefficients of employment discrimination by educational levels only. The author finds, among other things, that the incidence of unemployment is higher among women than among men at every level of education; that the unemployment rate among the highly educated is higher in rural areas than in urban areas; and that there is subtasntial discrimination in the labour market with gard to wage against the weaker sections.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="126359224"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="126359224"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 126359224; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=126359224]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=126359224]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 126359224; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='126359224']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=126359224]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":126359224,"title":"Education and Labour Market Discrimination","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/126359224/Education_and_Labour_Market_Discrimination","owner_id":225524,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":225524,"first_name":"Jandhyala","middle_initials":"","last_name":"TILAK","page_name":"JandhyalaTILAK","domain_name":"csdindia","created_at":"2010-07-31T04:24:26.237-07:00","display_name":"Jandhyala TILAK","url":"https://csdindia.academia.edu/JandhyalaTILAK"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="126359223"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/126359223/Education_Poverty_in_India"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Education Poverty in India" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/126359223/Education_Poverty_in_India">Education Poverty in India</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Springer eBooks</span><span>, 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Using the 52nd round of the National Sample Survey, supplemented by the data available from the l...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Using the 52nd round of the National Sample Survey, supplemented by the data available from the latest All-India Education Survey, an attempt at unravelling several dimensions of deprivation of education of the poor in India is made here. The chapter exposes the most disturbing feature of the Indian education system, i.e., utter lack of equity in access to education over different economic classes of people. The evidence on the Indian States and also the evidence by household expenditure groups confirm significant, strong and inverse correlation between levels of educational attainment and levels of poverty. Participation in education is a consistently increasing function of household economic levels and the conformity of such a systematic pattern in case of all groups of population—rural, urban, male and female, rather with no exception at all is strikingly clear. The factors that explain low participation and high dropout rates of the poor are also analysed.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="126359223"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="126359223"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 126359223; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=126359223]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=126359223]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 126359223; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='126359223']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); 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