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accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-流量分级" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#流量分级"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>流量分级</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-流量分级-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-关于泉" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#关于泉"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>关于泉</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-关于泉-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参见" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参见"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>参见</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参见-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-註釋" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#註釋"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>註釋</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-註釋-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-延伸閱讀" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#延伸閱讀"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>延伸閱讀</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-延伸閱讀-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>外部連結</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-延伸阅读" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#延伸阅读"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>延伸阅读</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-延伸阅读-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">泉</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。101种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-101" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">101种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quelle" title="Quelle – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Quelle" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%ADu" title="Víu – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Víu" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%92awielm" title="Ēawielm – 古英语" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Ēawielm" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="古英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B9" title="ينبوع – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ينبوع" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulaq" title="Bulaq – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Bulaq" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BC%D3%99_(%D2%BB%D1%8B%D1%83)" title="Шишмә (һыу) – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Шишмә (һыу)" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9ji" title="Béji – 巴厘语" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Béji" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="巴厘语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0altenis" title="Šaltenis – 薩莫吉希亞文" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Šaltenis" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="薩莫吉希亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burabod" title="Burabod – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Burabod" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%86%D0%B0_(%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Крыніца (гідралогія) – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Крыніца (гідралогія)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%86%D0%B0_(%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Крыніца (гідралёгія) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Крыніца (гідралёгія)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entuk" title="Entuk – 貝塔維文" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Entuk" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="貝塔維文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Извор – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Извор" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eienenn" title="Eienenn – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Eienenn" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Font" title="Font – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Font" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ci%C3%B2ng" title="Ciòng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ciòng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="کانی – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کانی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pramen" title="Pramen – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pramen" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87%C4%83%D0%BB%D0%BA%D1%83%C3%A7" title="Çăлкуç – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Çăлкуç" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilde_(vand)" title="Kilde (vand) – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kilde (vand)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quelle" title="Quelle – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Quelle" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87%C4%B1me_(co%C4%9Frafya)" title="Çıme (coğrafya) – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Çıme (coğrafya)" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A5%CE%B4%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B7_%CF%80%CE%B7%CE%B3%CE%AE" title="Υδάτινη πηγή – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Υδάτινη πηγή" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spring_(hydrology)" title="Spring (hydrology) – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Spring (hydrology)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akvofonto" title="Akvofonto – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Akvofonto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manantial" title="Manantial – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Manantial" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allikas" title="Allikas – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Allikas" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iturburu" title="Iturburu – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Iturburu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%87" title="چشمه – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="چشمه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A4hde" title="Lähde – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Lähde" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A4teq" title="Läteq – 佛羅文" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Läteq" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="佛羅文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Source_(hydrologie)" title="Source (hydrologie) – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Source (hydrologie)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manancial" title="Manancial – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Manancial" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9F" title="מעיין – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מעיין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE" title="पानी का चश्मा – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पानी का चश्मा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sous" title="Sous – 海地克里奥尔语" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Sous" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="海地克里奥尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forr%C3%A1s_(hidrol%C3%B3gia)" title="Forrás (hidrológia) – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Forrás (hidrológia)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B2%D5%A2%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80" title="Աղբյուր – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Աղբյուր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B2%D5%A2%D5%AB%D6%82%D6%80" title="Աղբիւր – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Աղբիւր" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonte" title="Fonte – 国际语" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Fonte" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="国际语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mata_air" title="Mata air – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mata air" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorgente" title="Sorgente – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sorgente" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%89" title="泉 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="泉" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuk" title="Tuk – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Tuk" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AC%E1%83%A7%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D_(%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%90)" title="წყარო (გეოგრაფია) – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="წყარო (გეოგრაფია)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D2%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D2%9B" title="Бұлақ – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Бұлақ" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%86" title="ಬುಗ್ಗೆ – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಬುಗ್ಗೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%83%98" title="샘 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="샘" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%DA%AF" title="ناگ – 克什米尔语" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="ناگ" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="克什米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kan%C3%AE" title="Kanî – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Kanî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Булак – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Булак" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fons" title="Fons – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Fons" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Originn_(Hydrologie)" title="Originn (Hydrologie) – 卢森堡语" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Originn (Hydrologie)" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="卢森堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bron" title="Bron – 林堡语" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Bron" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liz%C3%ADb%C3%A1" title="Lizíbá – 林加拉语" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Lizíbá" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="林加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Versm%C4%97" title="Versmė – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Versmė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avots" title="Avots – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Avots" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%85%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Лихтибрясь – 莫克沙语" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Лихтибрясь" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="莫克沙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loharano" title="Loharano – 马拉加斯语" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Loharano" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="马拉加斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88" title="Памаш – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Памаш" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Извор – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Извор" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%B5" title="നീരുറവ – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="നീരുറവ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3_(%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB)" title="Булаг (усан мандал) – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Булаг (усан мандал)" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mata_air" title="Mata air – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Mata air" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Born_(Water)" title="Born (Water) – 低地德语" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Born (Water)" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sprenge_(bronwaoter)" title="Sprenge (bronwaoter) – 低萨克森语" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Sprenge (bronwaoter)" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="低萨克森语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bron_(water)" title="Bron (water) – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bron (water)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasskjelde" title="Vasskjelde – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Vasskjelde" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilde_(vann)" title="Kilde (vann) – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kilde (vann)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%B9r%C3%B3d%C5%82o" title="Źródło – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Źródło" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%B4%D9%85%DB%81" title="چشمہ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="چشمہ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%88_%DA%86%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%87" title="د اوبو چينه – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د اوبو چينه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nascente_(hidrografia)" title="Nascente (hidrografia) – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Nascente (hidrografia)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pukyu" title="Pukyu – 克丘亚语" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Pukyu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="克丘亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izvor" title="Izvor – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Izvor" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Родник – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Родник" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8C%D2%AF%D2%AF%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8D" title="Дьүүктэ – 萨哈语" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Дьүүктэ" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="萨哈语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surgenti" title="Surgenti – 西西里语" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Surgenti" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izvor" title="Izvor – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Izvor" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spring_(water)" title="Spring (water) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Spring (water)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prame%C5%88_(voda)" title="Prameň (voda) – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Prameň (voda)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izvir" title="Izvir – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Izvir" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chisipiti" title="Chisipiti – 绍纳语" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Chisipiti" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="绍纳语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Извор – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Извор" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vattenk%C3%A4lla" title="Vattenkälla – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Vattenkälla" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemchemi" title="Chemchemi – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Chemchemi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8A%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81" title="ஊற்று – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஊற்று" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Чашма – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Чашма" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A" title="น้ำซับ – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="น้ำซับ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukal" title="Bukal – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Bukal" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaynak_(co%C4%9Frafya)" title="Kaynak (coğrafya) – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kaynak (coğrafya)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Джерело – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Джерело" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buloqlar" title="Buloqlar – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Buloqlar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sortiva" title="Sortiva – 威尼斯语" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Sortiva" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="威尼斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%E1%BA%A1ch_n%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc" title="Mạch nước – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Mạch nước" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sourdant_(aiwe)" title="Sourdant (aiwe) – 瓦隆语" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Sourdant (aiwe)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="瓦隆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burabod" title="Burabod – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Burabod" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%89" title="泉 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="泉" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9C_%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%A2%D7%A8" title="קוואל וואסער – 意第绪语" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קוואל וואסער" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第绪语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%B4a%E2%81%BF" title="Chôaⁿ – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chôaⁿ" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%89" title="泉 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="泉" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q124714#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%89" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E6%B3%89" 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wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Springs" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q124714" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">（重定向自<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%89%E6%B0%B4&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="泉水">泉水</a>）</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84833064">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-heading,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-below{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar a:not(.new):not(.mw-selflink):link{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-subgroup,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-heading,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-below{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar a:not(.new):not(.mw-selflink):link{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks vcard hlist" style="background:#9BEDFF; border: 1px solid #44ddff; text-align: center ;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="font-size: 110%; padding: 0; line-height: 150%;"><table cellspacing="0" style="background:#9BEDFF;"><tbody><tr> <td style="background: #9BEDFF; color: #0068d4; vertical-align: middle; padding: 6px; width: 100%;"><span style="font-size: 0.75em;">本條目屬於</span><span class="nowrap"> </span><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E6%B5%81" title="河流"><span style="color: #0068EE;">河流系列</span></a></b></span></span></td> <td style="background:#9BEDFF; vertical-align:middle; padding:6px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Le_pont_d%27Avignon_depuis_l%27%C3%AEle_de_la_Barthelasse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Le_pont_d%27Avignon_depuis_l%27%C3%AEle_de_la_Barthelasse.jpg/75px-Le_pont_d%27Avignon_depuis_l%27%C3%AEle_de_la_Barthelasse.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Le_pont_d%27Avignon_depuis_l%27%C3%AEle_de_la_Barthelasse.jpg/113px-Le_pont_d%27Avignon_depuis_l%27%C3%AEle_de_la_Barthelasse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Le_pont_d%27Avignon_depuis_l%27%C3%AEle_de_la_Barthelasse.jpg/150px-Le_pont_d%27Avignon_depuis_l%27%C3%AEle_de_la_Barthelasse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></td> </tr></tbody></table></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border:none; padding:0;"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #44ddff; text-align: center;">分布</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E9%95%BF%E6%B2%B3%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="世界长河列表">世界河流</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%B2%B3%E6%B5%81%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="歐洲河流列表">歐洲河流</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E6%B2%B3%E6%B5%81%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="亞洲河流列表（页面不存在）">亞洲河流</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%B2%B3%E6%B5%81%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="中國河流列表">中國河流</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E6%B2%B3%E6%B5%81%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="臺灣河流列表">台灣河流</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2%E6%B2%B3%E6%B5%81%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="非洲河流列表">非洲河流</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="美洲河流列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of rivers of the Americas"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2%E6%B2%B3%E6%B5%81%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="美洲河流列表（页面不存在）">美洲河流</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_the_Americas" class="extiw" title="en:List of rivers of the Americas"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of rivers of the Americas</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="大洋洲河流列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of rivers of Oceania"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B%E6%B4%B2%E6%B2%B3%E6%B5%81%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大洋洲河流列表（页面不存在）">大洋洲河流</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Oceania" class="extiw" title="en:List of rivers of Oceania"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of rivers of Oceania</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border:none; padding:0;"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #44ddff; text-align: center;">種類</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E6%B5%81" title="河流">河流</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%96%E7%A9%8D%E6%B2%B3%E6%B5%81" title="沖積河流">沖積河流</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%AA" title="溪">溪流</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">泉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8F%E6%B5%81" title="伏流">伏流</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%96%E6%B3%8A" title="湖泊">湖泊</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%A0%E5%A1%98" title="池塘">池塘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E5%8F%A3" title="河口">河口</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border:none; padding:0;"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #44ddff; text-align: center;">地形</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E8%A7%92%E6%B4%B2" title="三角洲">三角洲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%BA%E7%A9%B4" title="壺穴">壺穴</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E6%B4%B2" title="沙洲">沙洲</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="河曲沙洲" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Point bar"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%B3%E6%9B%B2%E6%B2%99%E6%B4%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="河曲沙洲（页面不存在）">河曲沙洲</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_bar" class="extiw" title="en:Point bar"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Point bar</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="決口扇" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Crevasse splay"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%89%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="決口扇（页面不存在）">決口扇</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crevasse_splay" class="extiw" title="en:Crevasse splay"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Crevasse splay</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B2%E7%A7%AF%E5%B9%B3%E5%8E%9F" title="冲积平原">冲积平原</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E6%BC%AB%E6%BB%A9" title="河漫滩">河漫滩</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%96%E7%A9%8D%E6%89%87" title="沖積扇">沖積扇</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="洪溢草原" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Flood-meadow"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B4%AA%E6%BA%A2%E8%8D%89%E5%8E%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="洪溢草原（页面不存在）">洪溢草原</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flood-meadow" class="extiw" title="en:Flood-meadow"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Flood-meadow</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E5%B2%9B" title="河岛">河岛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B0%B7%E5%9C%B0" title="谷地">河谷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E8%BF%B9%E6%B9%96" title="河迹湖">河跡湖</a> <ul><li>牛軛湖</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E9%9A%8E" title="河階">河階</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%BC%E6%BE%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="沼澤">沼澤</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%85%E6%BB%A9" title="浅滩">浅滩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%BF%E5%9C%B0" title="湿地">湿地</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%80%91%E5%B8%83" title="瀑布">瀑布</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border:none; padding:0;"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #44ddff; text-align: center;">術語</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%AF%E6%B5%81" title="支流">支流</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E6%B0%B4%E5%B2%AD" title="分水岭">分水嶺</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%94%E6%B5%81" title="岔流">分流</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="合流" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Confluence"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%88%E6%B5%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="合流（页面不存在）">合流</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confluence" class="extiw" title="en:Confluence"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Confluence</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%B5%E8%9A%80%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="侵蚀作用">侵蝕</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%B5%E8%9A%80%E8%BD%AE%E5%9B%9E%E8%AF%B4" title="侵蚀轮回说">侵蝕輪迴說</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="回春作用" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="River rejuvenation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%9E%E6%98%A5%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="回春作用（页面不存在）">回春作用</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River_rejuvenation" class="extiw" title="en:River rejuvenation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">River rejuvenation</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="嵌入河" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Entrenched river"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E6%B2%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="嵌入河（页面不存在）">嵌入河</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entrenched_river" class="extiw" title="en:Entrenched river"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Entrenched river</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%90%AC%E9%81%8B%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="搬運作用">搬運</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A0%86%E7%A9%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="堆積作用">堆積</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E5%85%8B%E7%B4%8D%E6%96%B9%E7%A8%8B" title="艾克納方程">艾克納方程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%89%E7%A9%8D%E7%89%A9" title="沉積物">沉積物</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%8D%E5%8C%AF%E6%B5%81" title="再匯流">再匯流</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%96%87%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" title="水文模型">水文模型</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83%E5%BC%8F%E6%B0%B4%E6%96%87%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" title="分布式水文模型">分布式</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%86%E6%80%BB%E5%BC%8F%E6%B0%B4%E6%96%87%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" title="集总式水文模型">集總式</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E7%B3%BB" title="水系">水系</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="水系密度" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Drainage density"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4%E7%B3%BB%E5%AF%86%E5%BA%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="水系密度（页面不存在）">水系密度</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drainage_density" class="extiw" title="en:Drainage density"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Drainage density</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="河流遷移" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Avulson (river)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%B3%E6%B5%81%E9%81%B7%E7%A7%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="河流遷移（页面不存在）">河流遷移</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avulson_(river)" class="extiw" title="en:Avulson (river)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Avulson (river)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E5%BA%8A" title="河床">河床</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="河槽形態" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Channel pattern"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%B3%E6%A7%BD%E5%BD%A2%E6%85%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="河槽形態（页面不存在）">河槽形態</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel_pattern" class="extiw" title="en:Channel pattern"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Channel pattern</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E5%B2%B8" class="mw-disambig" title="河岸">河岸</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="基蝕坡" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Cut bank"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%BA%E8%9D%95%E5%9D%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="基蝕坡（页面不存在）">基蝕坡</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cut_bank" class="extiw" title="en:Cut bank"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Cut bank</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="滑走坡" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Slip-off slope"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BB%91%E8%B5%B0%E5%9D%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="滑走坡（页面不存在）">滑走坡</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slip-off_slope" class="extiw" title="en:Slip-off slope"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Slip-off slope</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E5%9F%9F" title="流域">流域</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%85%8B%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="哈克定律">哈克定律</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="流量 (水文學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Discharge (hydrology)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%81%E9%87%8F_(%E6%B0%B4%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="流量 (水文學（页面不存在）">流量</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discharge_(hydrology)" class="extiw" title="en:Discharge (hydrology)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Discharge (hydrology)</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="水歷線" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Hydrograph"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4%E6%AD%B7%E7%B7%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="水歷線（页面不存在）">水歷線</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrograph" class="extiw" title="en:Hydrograph"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Hydrograph</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="環境流量" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Environmental flow"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E6%B5%81%E9%87%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="環境流量（页面不存在）">環境流量</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_flow" class="extiw" title="en:Environmental flow"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Environmental flow</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="清水 (河水類型)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Clearwater river"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E6%B0%B4_(%E6%B2%B3%E6%B0%B4%E9%A1%9E%E5%9E%8B)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="清水 (河水類型)（页面不存在）">清水</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clearwater_river" class="extiw" title="en:Clearwater river"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Clearwater river</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%B1%E6%B0%B4%E5%B8%B6" title="濱水帶">濱水帶</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="瀕危河川" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Endangered river"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%80%95%E5%8D%B1%E6%B2%B3%E5%B7%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="瀕危河川（页面不存在）">瀕危河川</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endangered_river" class="extiw" title="en:Endangered river"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Endangered river</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="藍色空間" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Bluespace"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E8%93%9D%E8%89%B2%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4" title="蓝色空间">藍色空間</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluespace" class="extiw" title="en:Bluespace"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Bluespace</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%B2%E6%B5%81" title="曲流">曲流</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="貝爾定律" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Baer–Babinet law"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B2%9D%E7%88%BE%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="貝爾定律（页面不存在）">貝爾定律</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baer%E2%80%93Babinet_law" class="extiw" title="en:Baer–Babinet law"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Baer–Babinet law</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%B2%E6%B5%81%E5%88%87%E6%96%B7" title="曲流切斷">曲流切斷</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="曲流痕" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Meander scar"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9B%B2%E6%B5%81%E7%97%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="曲流痕（页面不存在）">曲流痕</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meander_scar" class="extiw" title="en:Meander scar"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Meander scar</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%AE%E7%8B%80%E6%B2%B3%E6%B5%81" title="辮狀河流">辮狀河</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="黑水 (河水類型)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Blackwater river"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%91%E6%B0%B4_(%E6%B2%B3%E6%B0%B4%E9%A1%9E%E5%9E%8B)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="黑水 (河水類型)（页面不存在）">黑水</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackwater_river" class="extiw" title="en:Blackwater river"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Blackwater river</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border:none; padding:0;"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #44ddff; text-align: center;">人造建物</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%8E%E5%85%92%E4%BA%95" title="坎兒井">坎井</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%9D%9D" title="水坝">壩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A0%A4" title="堤">堤</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A0%B0" title="堰">堰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%AD" title="埭">埭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%8B" title="橋">橋</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%9D%E6%B8%A0" title="溝渠">溝渠</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%A2%E6%B4%AA%E9%81%93" title="溢洪道">溢洪道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%AF%E6%B4%AA%E6%B1%A0" title="滯洪池">滯洪池</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="疏洪道" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Flood bypass"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%96%8F%E6%B4%AA%E9%81%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="疏洪道（页面不存在）">疏洪道</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flood_bypass" class="extiw" title="en:Flood bypass"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Flood bypass</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%90%E6%B2%B3" title="运河">运河</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="防洪渠" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Flood control channel"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%B2%E6%B4%AA%E6%B8%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="防洪渠（页面不存在）">防洪渠</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flood_control_channel" class="extiw" title="en:Flood control channel"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Flood control channel</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%BA%95%E9%9A%A7%E9%81%93" title="水底隧道">隧道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%9A%E9%81%93" title="魚道">魚道</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border:none; padding:0;"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #44ddff; text-align: center;">天然災害</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E7%9F%B3%E6%B5%81" class="mw-redirect" title="土石流">土石流</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%AA%E6%B0%B4" title="洪水">洪水</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%8C%E6%B1%9B" title="凌汛">凌汛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%96%E5%BA%95%E5%99%B4%E7%99%BC" title="湖底噴發">湖底噴發</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border:none; padding:0;"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #44ddff; text-align: center;">相關學科</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E6%9C%A8%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="土木工程">土木工程學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="地理學">地理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C%E5%AD%A6" title="地貌学">地貌學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%B3%AA%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="地質學">地質學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="水文學">水文學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E4%BD%93%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="流体力学">流体力学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="环境工程">環境工程學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="生態學">生態學</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="line-height:1.6;text-align: center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%B2%B3%E6%B5%81%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BF" title="Template:河流系列模板"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E6%B2%B3%E6%B5%81%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:河流系列模板（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E6%B2%B3%E6%B5%81%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BF" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:河流系列模板"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nacentemackinac.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Nacentemackinac.jpg/200px-Nacentemackinac.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Nacentemackinac.jpg/300px-Nacentemackinac.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Nacentemackinac.jpg/400px-Nacentemackinac.jpg 2x" data-file-width="594" data-file-height="792" /></a><figcaption>美国密西根州的一处自流泉水</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fresh_water_fountain.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Fresh_water_fountain.jpg/200px-Fresh_water_fountain.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="301" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Fresh_water_fountain.jpg/300px-Fresh_water_fountain.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Fresh_water_fountain.jpg/400px-Fresh_water_fountain.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1888" data-file-height="2841" /></a><figcaption>一个瑞士小村自山间引来的泉水</figcaption></figure> <p><b>泉</b>是<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%8B%E6%B0%B4" title="地下水">地下水</a>天然出露至地表的地点，或者地下含水层露出地表的地点，大多位於沖積扇頂部。当<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%AB%E6%B0%B4%E5%B1%82" title="含水层">含水层</a>或含水通道被破坏露出地表时，地下水便涌出地表成泉。泉是地下水的一种重要的排泄方式。地下水虽然分布很广，但泉却不是到处都有的，而是在特定的地形、地质、水文地质条件下才可能涌出成泉。一般在山区和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%98%E9%99%B5" title="丘陵">丘陵</a>的沟谷中及山脚下，在平原地区比较少见。根据水流状况的不同，可以分为间歇泉和常流泉。如果地下水露出地表后没有形成明显水流，称为渗水。 </p><p>泉水的来源通常是渗入地层的大气降水，例如雨水和融化的雪水。大型泉主要分布在石灰岩和火山熔岩构成的岩层中。砾石、砂、石灰岩、砂岩和玄武岩都可以构成泉水的含水层，在其露出地表处通常有粘土或页岩形成的隔水层。当含水层上方的隔水层承受很大压力时，泉水便会自动上涌至地表，形成自流泉。 </p><p>根据水流温度，泉可以分为<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A9%E6%B3%89" class="mw-redirect" title="温泉">温泉</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B7%E6%B3%89" title="冷泉">冷泉</a>。泉可以按照其流量大小分为八级，一级泉的流量超过每秒100立方英尺（2800升），二级泉的流量在每秒10到100立方英尺之间，八级泉流量则小于每分钟1品脱（每秒8毫升）。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="流量分级"><span id=".E6.B5.81.E9.87.8F.E5.88.86.E7.BA.A7"></span>流量分级</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%89&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：流量分级"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>泉通常按照流量分级。最大的泉叫做“一级泉”，定义为每秒钟涌量大于100立方英尺（2800 L/s），其它顶级定义如下: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>分级</th> <th>流量 (英尺³/秒，加仑/分，品脱/分)</th> <th>流量（升/秒） </th></tr> <tr> <td>1级</td> <td>>100英尺³/秒</td> <td>2800升/秒 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2级</td> <td>10－100英尺³/秒</td> <td>280－2800升/秒 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3级</td> <td>1－10英尺³/秒</td> <td>28－280升/秒 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4级</td> <td>100 美制加仑/分－1 英尺³/秒 <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>6.3－28 升/秒 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5级</td> <td>10－100 加仑/分</td> <td>0.63－6.3 升/秒 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6级</td> <td>1－10 加仑/分</td> <td>63－630 毫升/秒 </td></tr> <tr> <td>7级</td> <td>1品脱－1加仑/分</td> <td>8－63 毫升/秒 </td></tr> <tr> <td>8级</td> <td><1 pint/分</td> <td>8 毫升/秒 </td></tr> <tr> <td>0级</td> <td>无流量（定点历史流量） </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="关于泉"><span id=".E5.85.B3.E4.BA.8E.E6.B3.89"></span>关于泉</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%89&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：关于泉"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>泉城──<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B" title="中國">中國</a> <a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="山东">山东</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%9F%E5%8D%97" class="mw-redirect" title="濟南">濟南</a>，在2.6平方公里範圍內曾出現106個泉，總湧水量最大時可達 5m<sup>3</sup>/s，出現"家家泉水"的奇觀。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参见"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.A7.81"></span>参见</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%89&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：参见"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79074265">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-count:4; column-width:auto;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A9%E6%B3%89" class="mw-redirect" title="温泉">温泉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%A0%E5%A1%98" title="池塘">池塘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E6%B5%81%E4%BA%95" class="mw-disambig" title="自流井">自流井</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A5%AE%E7%94%A8%E6%B0%B4" title="饮用水">饮用水</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%97%B4%E6%AD%87%E6%B3%89" class="mw-redirect" title="间歇泉">间歇泉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%B2%E6%BC%8F" title="滲漏">渗漏</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%BE%AA%E7%8E%AF" title="水循环">水循环</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E4%BA%95" class="mw-redirect" title="水井">水井</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E5%9C%B0%E5%BD%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="卡斯特地形">卡斯特地形</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="註釋"><span id=".E8.A8.BB.E9.87.8B"></span>註釋</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%89&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：註釋"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> 或 448 美制加仑/分</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="延伸閱讀"><span id=".E5.BB.B6.E4.BC.B8.E9.96.B1.E8.AE.80"></span>延伸閱讀</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%89&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：延伸閱讀"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r80540462">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFLaMoreaux,_Philip_E.,_&_Tanner,_Judy_T2001" class="citation">LaMoreaux, Philip E., & Tanner, Judy T (编), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=sjEoBmfUka0C&printsec=frontcover&dq=springs+bottled&hl=en&ei=SOU8TPT6M4HEvQPgxbHtDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false">Springs and bottled water of the world: Ancient history, source, occurrence, quality and use</a>, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer-Verlag, 2001 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">13 July</span> 2010]</span>, <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/3-540-61841-4" title="Special:网络书源/3-540-61841-4"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 3-540-61841-4</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B3%89&rft.au=LaMoreaux%2C+Philip+E.%2C+%26+Tanner%2C+Judy+T&rft.btitle=Springs+and+bottled+water+of+the+world%3A+Ancient+history%2C+source%2C+occurrence%2C+quality+and+use&rft.date=2001&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=3-540-61841-4&rft.place=Berlin%2C+Heidelberg%2C+New+York&rft.pub=Springer-Verlag&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsjEoBmfUka0C%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26dq%3Dsprings%2Bbottled%26hl%3Den%26ei%3DSOU8TPT6M4HEvQPgxbHtDg%26sa%3DX%26oi%3Dbook_result%26ct%3Dresult%26resnum%3D1%26ved%3D0CC8Q6AEwAA%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><i>Springs of Missouri</i>, Vineyard and Feder, <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="密蘇里州自然資源部" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Missouri Department of Natural Resources"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AF%86%E8%98%87%E9%87%8C%E5%B7%9E%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E8%B3%87%E6%BA%90%E9%83%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="密蘇里州自然資源部（页面不存在）">Missouri Department of Natural Resources</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri_Department_of_Natural_Resources" class="extiw" title="en:Missouri Department of Natural Resources"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Missouri Department of Natural Resources</span></a></span>）</span></span>, Division of Geology and Land Survey in cooperation with <a href="/wiki/U.S._Geological_Survey" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Geological Survey">U.S. Geological Survey</a> and Missouri Department of Conservation, 1982</li> <li>Cohen, Stan (Revised 1981 edition), <i>Springs of the Virginias: A Pictorial History</i>, <a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%E9%A1%BF_(%E8%A5%BF%E5%BC%97%E5%90%89%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E5%B7%9E)" title="查尔斯顿 (西弗吉尼亚州)">Charleston, West Virginia</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Quarrier_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quarrier Press（页面不存在）">Quarrier Press</a>.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部連結"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.80.A3.E7.B5.90"></span>外部連結</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%89&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：外部連結"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20021121180111/http://www.rps.psu.edu/0201/water.html">"The Science of Springs"</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.srwmd.state.fl.us/index.aspx?NID=56">"What Is A Spring?"</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20180129195708/http://www.srwmd.state.fl.us/index.aspx?NID=56">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090509022203/http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/watercyclesprings.html">The Water Cycle: Springs USGS</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131002202041/http://www.findaspring.com/">Find a spring</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="延伸阅读"><span id=".E5.BB.B6.E4.BC.B8.E9.98.85.E8.AF.BB"></span>延伸阅读</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%89&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：延伸阅读"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks" 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