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id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&uselang=zh"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E5%9C%9F%E6%9C%A8%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E5%9C%9F%E6%9C%A8%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-历史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#历史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>历史</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-历史-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关历史子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-历史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-古代" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#古代"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>古代</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-古代-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-近代" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#近代"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>近代</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-近代-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-現代" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#現代"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>現代</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-現代-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-分支" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#分支"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>分支</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-分支-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关分支子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-分支-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-工程測量學" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#工程測量學"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>工程測量學</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-工程測量學-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-材料科學與工程" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#材料科學與工程"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>材料科學與工程</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-材料科學與工程-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-大地工程" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#大地工程"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>大地工程</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-大地工程-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-結構工程" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#結構工程"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>結構工程</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-結構工程-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-地震工程" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#地震工程"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>地震工程</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-地震工程-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-水利工程" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#水利工程"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>水利工程</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-水利工程-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-環境工程" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#環境工程"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>環境工程</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-環境工程-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-交通工程" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#交通工程"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>交通工程</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-交通工程-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-其他" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#其他"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>其他</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-其他-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參見" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參見"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>參見</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參見-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考文獻" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考文獻"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>參考文獻</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考文獻-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="目录" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">土木工程</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。84种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-84" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">84种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siviele_ingenieurswese" title="Siviele ingenieurswese – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Siviele ingenieurswese" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bauingenieurwesen" title="Bauingenieurwesen – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Bauingenieurwesen" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%B2%E1%89%AA%E1%88%8D_%E1%8A%A2%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%82%E1%8A%90%E1%88%AA%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%8D" title="ሲቪል ኢንጂነሪንግ – 阿姆哈拉语" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሲቪል ኢንጂነሪንግ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="阿姆哈拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="सिविल अभियान्त्रिकी – 昂加语" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="सिविल अभियान्त्रिकी" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="昂加语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="هندسة مدنية – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هندسة مدنية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inxenier%C3%ADa_civil" title="Inxeniería civil – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Inxeniería civil" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D2%A1%E2%80%90%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%A1_%D1%82%D3%A9%D2%99%D3%A9%D0%BB%D3%A9%D1%88%D3%A9" title="Торлаҡ‐гражданлыҡ төҙөлөшө – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Торлаҡ‐гражданлыҡ төҙөлөшө" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inhinyeriyang_sibil" title="Inhinyeriyang sibil – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Inhinyeriyang sibil" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%8B%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%86%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Цывільнае будаўніцтва – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Цывільнае будаўніцтва" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Строително инженерство – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Строително инженерство" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8C%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%B2" title="পুরকৌশল – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পুরকৌশল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gra%C4%91evinarstvo" title="Građevinarstvo – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Građevinarstvo" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enginyeria_civil" title="Enginyeria civil – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Enginyeria civil" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="ئەندازیاریی شارستانی – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئەندازیاریی شارستانی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stavebnictv%C3%AD" title="Stavebnictví – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Stavebnictví" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peiriannydd_sifil" title="Peiriannydd sifil – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Peiriannydd sifil" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bygningsvidenskab" title="Bygningsvidenskab – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bygningsvidenskab" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bauingenieurwesen" title="Bauingenieurwesen – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bauingenieurwesen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_engineering" title="Civil engineering – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Civil engineering" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstrua_in%C4%9Denierarto" title="Konstrua inĝenierarto – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Konstrua inĝenierarto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingenier%C3%ADa_civil" title="Ingeniería civil – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ingeniería civil" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsiviilehitus" title="Tsiviilehitus – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tsiviilehitus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingeniaritza_zibil" title="Ingeniaritza zibil – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ingeniaritza zibil" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="مهندسی عمران – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مهندسی عمران" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yhdyskuntatekniikka" title="Yhdyskuntatekniikka – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Yhdyskuntatekniikka" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9nie_civil" title="Génie civil – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Génie civil" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sivile_technyk" title="Sivile technyk – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Sivile technyk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innealt%C3%B3ireacht_shibhialta" title="Innealtóireacht shibhialta – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Innealtóireacht shibhialta" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enxe%C3%B1ar%C3%ADa_civil" title="Enxeñaría civil – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Enxeñaría civil" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B8%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%B2_%E0%AA%87%E0%AA%9C%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%80" title="સિવિલ ઇજનેરી – 古吉拉特语" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="સિવિલ ઇજનેરી" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="古吉拉特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%A1%D7%94_%D7%90%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%97%D7%99%D7%AA" title="הנדסה אזרחית – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הנדסה אזרחית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="सिविल इंजीनियरी – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सिविल इंजीनियरी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gra%C4%91evinarstvo" title="Građevinarstvo – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Građevinarstvo" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingenieria_civil" title="Ingenieria civil – 国际语" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Ingenieria civil" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="国际语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teknik_sipil" title="Teknik sipil – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Teknik sipil" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byggingaverkfr%C3%A6%C3%B0i" title="Byggingaverkfræði – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Byggingaverkfræði" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingegneria_civile" title="Ingegneria civile – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ingegneria civile" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E6%9C%A8%E5%B7%A5%E5%AD%A6" title="土木工学 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="土木工学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A8knik_sipil" title="Tèknik sipil – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Tèknik sipil" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%A5%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A8%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="სამოქალაქო მშენებლობა – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სამოქალაქო მშენებლობა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%BF_%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AA_%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9E%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8" title="ಲೋಕೋಪಯೋಗಿ ಶಿಲ್ಪ ವಿಜ್ಞಾನ – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಲೋಕೋಪಯೋಗಿ ಶಿಲ್ಪ ವಿಜ್ಞಾನ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%86%A0%EB%AA%A9%EA%B3%B5%ED%95%99" title="토목공학 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="토목공학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endezyariya_avahiy%C3%AA" title="Endezyariya avahiyê – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Endezyariya avahiyê" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ars_ingeniaria_civilis" title="Ars ingeniaria civilis – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ars ingeniaria civilis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B3%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B2" title="ວິສະວະກຳໂຍທາ – 老挝语" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ວິສະວະກຳໂຍທາ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="老挝语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civilin%C4%97_in%C5%BEinerija" title="Civilinė inžinerija – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Civilinė inžinerija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/In%C5%BEenierceltniec%C4%ABba" title="Inženierceltniecība – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Inženierceltniecība" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%9E%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D" title="സിവിൽ എഞ്ചിനീയറിങ്ങ് – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സിവിൽ എഞ്ചിനീയറിങ്ങ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Барилгын инженерийн салбар – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Барилгын инженерийн салбар" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="स्थापत्य अभियांत्रिकी – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="स्थापत्य अभियांत्रिकी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kejuruteraan_awam" title="Kejuruteraan awam – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kejuruteraan awam" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC_%E1%80%A1%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC_%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9B%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA" title="မြို့ပြ အင်ဂျင်နီယာ ဘာသာရပ် – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မြို့ပြ အင်ဂျင်နီယာ ဘာသာရပ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%99" title="सिभिल इन्जिनियरिङ – 尼泊尔语" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="सिभिल इन्जिनियरिङ" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civiele_techniek" title="Civiele techniek – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Civiele techniek" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byggeteknikk" title="Byggeteknikk – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Byggeteknikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/In%C5%BCynieria_l%C4%85dowa" title="Inżynieria lądowa – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Inżynieria lądowa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%9A%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="ښاري انجنيري – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ښاري انجنيري" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engenharia_civil" title="Engenharia civil – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Engenharia civil" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inginerie_civil%C4%83" title="Inginerie civilă – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Inginerie civilă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Гражданское строительство – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гражданское строительство" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A6%D8%B1%D9%86%DA%AF" title="سول انجنيئرنگ – 信德语" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="سول انجنيئرنگ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="信德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visokogradnja" title="Visokogradnja – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Visokogradnja" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%82%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%9A%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%94_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="සිවිල් ඉංජිනේරු විද්‍යාව – 僧伽罗语" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="සිවිල් ඉංජිනේරු විද්‍යාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_engineering" title="Civil engineering – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Civil engineering" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stavebn%C3%ADctvo" title="Stavebníctvo – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Stavebníctvo" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gradbeni%C5%A1tvo" title="Gradbeništvo – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Gradbeništvo" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inxhinieria_e_nd%C3%ABrtimit" title="Inxhinieria e ndërtimit – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Inxhinieria e ndërtimit" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niskogradnja" title="Niskogradnja – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Niskogradnja" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9kayasa_sipil" title="Rékayasa sipil – 巽他语" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Rékayasa sipil" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A4g-_och_vattenbyggnad" title="Väg- och vattenbyggnad – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Väg- och vattenbyggnad" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="குடிசார் பொறியியல் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="குடிசார் பொறியியல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%87%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D" title="సివిల్ ఇంజనీరింగ్ – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="సివిల్ ఇంజనీరింగ్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2" title="วิศวกรรมโยธา – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วิศวกรรมโยธา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurlu%C5%9Fyk_in%C5%BEenerligi" title="Gurluşyk inženerligi – 土库曼语" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Gurluşyk inženerligi" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="土库曼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inhenyeriyang_sibil" title="Inhenyeriyang sibil – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Inhenyeriyang sibil" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sivil_m%C3%BChendislik" title="Sivil mühendislik – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sivil mühendislik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Цивільне будівництво – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Цивільне будівництво" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C_%DB%81%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="مدنی ہندسیات – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مدنی ہندسیات" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingegneri_civi%C5%82i" title="Ingegneri civiłi – 威尼斯语" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Ingegneri civiłi" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="威尼斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%E1%BB%B9_thu%E1%BA%ADt_x%C3%A2y_d%E1%BB%B1ng_d%C3%A2n_d%E1%BB%A5ng" title="Kỹ thuật xây dựng dân dụng – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kỹ thuật xây dựng dân dụng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inhenyeriya_sibil" title="Inhenyeriya sibil – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Inhenyeriya sibil" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E6%9C%A8%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="土木工程 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="土木工程" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%B3%CD%98-bo%CC%8Dk_kang-t%C3%AAng" title="Thó͘-bo̍k kang-têng – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Thó͘-bo̍k kang-têng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E6%9C%A8%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="土木工程 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="土木工程" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q77590#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E6%9C%A8%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E5%9C%9F%E6%9C%A8%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" 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id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hoover_dam_from_air.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Hoover_dam_from_air.jpg/240px-Hoover_dam_from_air.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Hoover_dam_from_air.jpg/360px-Hoover_dam_from_air.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Hoover_dam_from_air.jpg/480px-Hoover_dam_from_air.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%A3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="水壩">水壩</a>建造是土木工程的重要項目之一（圖為美國<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E4%BD%9B%E6%B0%B4%E5%A3%A9" title="胡佛水壩">胡佛水壩</a>）</figcaption></figure> <p><b>土木工程</b> （civil engineering），是指一切和<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="土">土</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="木">木</a>有關的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%A4%8E%E5%BB%BA%E8%A8%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="基礎建設">基礎建設</a>的計劃、建造和維修。現時一般的土木工作項目包括：<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90" title="能源">能源</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%88%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="水利">水利</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A" title="交通">交通</a>設施等。過去曾經將一切非<a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B" title="軍事">軍事</a>用途的民用工程項目，歸入本類，但隨著工程科學日益廣闊，不少原來屬於土木工程範圍的內容都已經獨立成科。 </p><p>土木工程乃以提高國民之生活品質，促進國民之公共福祉為目的，進而改造國土，整治環境及防治災害發生的一種公共工程。又因食衣住行乃國民生活之四大需要，並與國民之福祉息息相關，故土木工程亦爲直接或間接地解決民生四大問題之基本建設工程。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="历史"><span id=".E5.8E.86.E5.8F.B2"></span>历史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E6%9C%A8%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：历史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="古代"><span id=".E5.8F.A4.E4.BB.A3"></span>古代</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E6%9C%A8%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：古代"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pont_du_gard.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Pont_du_gard.jpg/220px-Pont_du_gard.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Pont_du_gard.jpg/330px-Pont_du_gard.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Pont_du_gard.jpg/440px-Pont_du_gard.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption>建造於公元1世紀的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="古羅馬">古羅馬</a>時代<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E7%88%BE%E6%A9%8B" title="加爾橋">加爾橋</a></figcaption></figure> <p>古代土木工程的历史跨度大致可以化分为从<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A7%E7%9F%B3%E5%99%A8%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3" title="旧石器时代">旧石器时代</a>到17世纪中叶。这一时期的土木工程十分原始，建筑材料主要使用石块、土坯、草筋等自然材料，建筑工具也是十分简陋的斧、锤、刀、铲等手工工具，修建设施主要依靠经验，没有什么系统的理论。当时中國的代表作則有<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E7%A6%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="大禹">大禹</a>治水和<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E5%86%B0" title="李冰">李冰</a>父子所興建的<a href="/wiki/%E9%83%BD%E6%B1%9F%E5%A0%B0" title="都江堰">都江堰</a>，以及<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%AC%E9%87%8C%E9%95%B7%E5%9F%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="萬里長城">萬里長城</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="近代"><span id=".E8.BF.91.E4.BB.A3"></span>近代</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E6%9C%A8%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：近代"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>近代土木工程的歷史跨度，一般認為是從17世紀中葉到<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="第二次世界大戰">第二次世界大戰</a>前后，共計300餘年。這一時期，土木工程逐漸成為一門獨立學科。1638年<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="義大利">義大利</a>學者<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%BD%E5%88%A9%E7%95%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="伽利略">伽利略</a>發表了《關於兩門新科學的對話》，首次用公式表達了<a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%91" title="樑">樑</a>的設計理論。1687年<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E9%A0%93" class="mw-redirect" title="牛頓">牛頓</a>總结出<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E9%A0%93%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="牛頓運動定律">力學三大定律</a>，為土木工程奠定了<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="力學">力學</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="分析">分析</a>的基礎。隨後在<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="材料力學">材料力學</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%88%E6%80%A7%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="彈性力學">彈性力學</a>的基礎上，<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="法國">法國</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%B3%E7%BB%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="纳维">纳维</a>於1825年建立了土木工程中結構設計的容許應力法。從此，土木工程便有了比較系统的理論指導。 </p><p>材料方面，1824年<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E7%89%B9%E5%85%B0%E6%B0%B4%E6%B3%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="波特兰水泥">波特兰水泥</a>的发明以及1867年<a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A2%E7%AD%8B%E6%B7%B7%E5%87%9D%E5%9C%9F" title="钢筋混凝土">钢筋混凝土</a>开始应用是土木工程史上的历史性事件。由于混凝土及鋼材的大规模生产得以实现，使得土木工程师可以运用这些材料建造巨型和复杂的工程设施。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="現代"><span id=".E7.8F.BE.E4.BB.A3"></span>現代</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E6%9C%A8%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：現代"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>第二次世界大戰之後的科學技術的迅速發展，使得土木工程可以以現代科學技術為依托進一步發展。最重要的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E6%9C%A8%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99" title="土木材料">土木材料</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99" title="建筑材料">建築材料</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%B7%E5%87%9D%E5%9C%9F" title="混凝土">混凝土</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%8B%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="鋼">鋼</a>都有較大的發展，<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%BA%E5%BA%A6" title="强度">強度</a>成倍提高，可靠性，耐久性等其他性能也有了很大改善。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%88%E6%88%90%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99" title="合成材料">合成材料</a>的不斷研制，拓寬了施工中可以使用的材料的種類，而且在性能上也比過去的傳統材料更為優良、輕質、高強度新材料的應用使得很多過去難以實現的結構可以實現。 </p><p>計算機的<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E5%80%BC%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" class="mw-redirect" title="數值分析">數值分析</a>使過去因手工難以計算而被迫粗略簡化的計算可轉變為較精確的計算分析。例如：借助<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E9%99%90%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E6%B3%95" title="有限元素法">有限元素法</a>計算軟體，可輕易地求解出以前人力難以完成的複雜超靜定結構的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%A7%E5%8A%9B_(%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="內力 (力學)（页面不存在）">內力</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8D%E7%A7%BB" title="位移">位移</a>計算。<a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%90%E6%A7%8B%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="結構力學">結構力學</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E9%99%90%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E6%B3%95" title="有限元素法">有限元素法</a>的不斷發展，使得人們可以方便且精確的做出<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84" title="结构">結構</a>的受力和<a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%A2%E8%AE%8A" title="形變">形變</a>的計算，使得<a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88" title="設計">設計</a>工作大大簡化。而<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E8%BC%94%E5%8A%A9%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88" class="mw-redirect" title="電腦輔助設計">電腦輔助設計</a>（CAD）的應用，將設計人員從繁重的手工<a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88" title="設計">設計</a>中解放出來。更多<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="建筑工程">建筑工程</a>機械的使用，使得施工<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E5%8B%95%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="自動化">自動化</a>程度大幅提高。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="分支"><span id=".E5.88.86.E6.94.AF"></span>分支</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E6%9C%A8%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：分支"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="工程測量學"><span id=".E5.B7.A5.E7.A8.8B.E6.B8.AC.E9.87.8F.E5.AD.B8"></span>工程測量學</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E6%9C%A8%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：工程測量學"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E6%B8%AC%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%B8" title="工程測量學">工程測量學</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E6%B8%AC%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%B8" title="工程測量學">工程測量學</a>為一種應用<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%AC%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%B8" title="測量學">測量學</a>原理，應用在各種工程上，例如<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E8%B7%AF" title="道路">道路</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%A7%E9%81%93" title="隧道">隧道</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%8B%E6%A8%91" class="mw-redirect" title="橋樑">橋樑</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8F%E5%AE%85" title="住宅">住宅</a>等，主要是將原本在工程圖說上的設計圖<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E6%A0%B7" title="放样">放樣</a>到現場，以利工程人員依照所放樣的位置製作出。 </p><p>工程图纸上的設計圖上的構造物，其放樣的結果的正確性甚為重要，若錯誤可能導致工程甚大損失，工程測量所需成本對工程成本而言甚小，但重要性甚大。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="材料科學與工程"><span id=".E6.9D.90.E6.96.99.E7.A7.91.E5.AD.B8.E8.88.87.E5.B7.A5.E7.A8.8B"></span>材料科學與工程</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E6%9C%A8%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：材料科學與工程"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="材料科學">材料科學</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Construction_in_S%C3%A8te,_H%C3%A9rault_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Construction_in_S%C3%A8te%2C_H%C3%A9rault_01.jpg/220px-Construction_in_S%C3%A8te%2C_H%C3%A9rault_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Construction_in_S%C3%A8te%2C_H%C3%A9rault_01.jpg/330px-Construction_in_S%C3%A8te%2C_H%C3%A9rault_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Construction_in_S%C3%A8te%2C_H%C3%A9rault_01.jpg/440px-Construction_in_S%C3%A8te%2C_H%C3%A9rault_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6003" data-file-height="3752" /></a><figcaption>一處工地臨近在水域附近，施作需要相當的專業知識</figcaption></figure> <p>土木工程的建造過程必須使用各種<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="金屬">金屬</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99" title="材料">材料</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="非金屬">非金屬</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99" title="材料">材料</a>，因而與<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="材料科學">材料科學與材料工程</a>密切相關。材料科學本身就是一個跨領域學科，涉及物質的性質及其在各個<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="科學">科學</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" class="mw-disambig" title="工程">工程</a>領域的應用。它研究材料的製備或加工工藝、材料的微觀結構與材料宏觀性能三者之间的相互關係的科學。涉及的理論包括<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="应用物理学">應用物理學</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BA%E4%BD%93%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="固体物理学">固體物理學</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8" title="化學">化學</a>等；而在與土木工程的結合上則衍生出<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E6%9C%A8%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99" title="土木材料">土木材料</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%90%E6%A7%8B%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99" class="mw-redirect" title="結構材料">結構材料</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99" title="建筑材料">建築材料</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A9%9F%E6%A2%B0%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="機械材料（页面不存在）">機械材料</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%90%E7%81%AB%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99" title="耐火材料">耐火材料</a>等不同應用。 </p><p>隨著近年来媒體将注意力大量集中在<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%88%E7%B1%B3%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="奈米科學（页面不存在）">奈米科學</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%88%E7%B1%B3%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93" class="mw-redirect" title="奈米技術">奈米技術</a>上，材料科學在許多大學被推到了最前沿。它也是工程鑑定和破壞分析中的一個重要组成部分。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="大地工程"><span id=".E5.A4.A7.E5.9C.B0.E5.B7.A5.E7.A8.8B"></span>大地工程</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E6%9C%A8%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：大地工程"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%9C%B0%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="大地工程">大地工程</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%9C%B0%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="大地工程">大地工程</a>又名土力工程、岩土工程、地工技術，主要研究泥土構成物質的工程特性。大地工程師會研究從工地採集的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A5%E5%9C%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="泥土">泥土</a>樣本和<a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%A9%E7%9F%B3" title="岩石">岩石</a>樣本中的數據，然後計算工地上的建築所需的格構。<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%9F%BA" title="地基">地基</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%81%E5%9F%BA%E7%A4%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="樁基礎">樁基礎</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%AD%B7%E5%9C%9F%E7%89%86" title="護土牆">護土牆</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%A3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="水壩">水壩</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%A7%E9%81%93" title="隧道">隧道</a>等都是需要大地工程師為工程提供土力意見的建設項目。 </p><p>大地工程可以細分為<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="土壤力學">土壤力學</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%BA%E7%A4%8E%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="基礎工程（页面不存在）">基礎工程</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%9C%B0%E8%B3%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="工程地質（页面不存在）">工程地質</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%A9%E7%9F%B3%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8" title="岩石力學">岩石力學</a>等學科。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="結構工程"><span id=".E7.B5.90.E6.A7.8B.E5.B7.A5.E7.A8.8B"></span>結構工程</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E6%9C%A8%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：結構工程"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%90%E6%A7%8B%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="結構工程">結構工程</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="结构工程">结构工程</a>是分析和设计<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%BD%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="荷载">荷载</a>作用下的<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91" class="mw-redirect" title="建筑">建筑</a>结构的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" class="mw-disambig" title="工程">工程</a>学科。结构工程通常被归类为土木工程的分支，但也可以作为一门独立学科来研究。<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A8%E5%86%8C%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%B8%88" class="mw-redirect" title="注册工程师">結構工程師</a>通常參與房屋建築和其他大型結構的設計，<sup id="cite_ref-IStructE_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IStructE-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>但也能参與到諸如<a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%9F%E6%A2%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="機械">機械</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%86%AB%E7%99%82%E8%A8%AD%E5%82%99" class="mw-redirect" title="醫療設備">醫療設備</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%8A%E8%BC%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="車輛">車輛</a>等結構可靠性會影響使用和安全的領域。結構工程師必須按照國家或行業規範來設計，確保安全性（如：結構不能在毫無征兆的強況下破壞）、可維護性以及可用性（如：房屋不能有太大的變形，避免使用者不適）。設計出來的建築必須能承受巨大的荷載，以及氣候變化和自然災害。 </p><p>结构工程理论是建立于在不同场地和材料下，结构所表现出来的物理规律和工程经验之上。结构设计一般用少数几种简单的<a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%90%E6%A7%8B%E6%A7%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="結構構件">结构构件</a>来组成复杂的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="结构体系（页面不存在）">结构体系</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-IStructE_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IStructE-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="地震工程"><span id=".E5.9C.B0.E9.9C.87.E5.B7.A5.E7.A8.8B"></span>地震工程</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E6%9C%A8%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：地震工程"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Snapshot_of_earthquake-like_crash_testing.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Snapshot_of_earthquake-like_crash_testing.jpg/220px-Snapshot_of_earthquake-like_crash_testing.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Snapshot_of_earthquake-like_crash_testing.jpg/330px-Snapshot_of_earthquake-like_crash_testing.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e7/Snapshot_of_earthquake-like_crash_testing.jpg 2x" data-file-width="395" data-file-height="359" /></a><figcaption>測試地震對一般建築與基礎隔離建築的影響<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="地震工程">地震工程</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="地震工程">地震工程</a>又名防震工程，是當建築物受到<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87" title="地震">地震</a>影響時對其結構行為的研究，用以減少地震發生時對於建築物的損害，屬於結構設計和土木工程的一環。振動控制技術和基礎隔離是地震工程裡最強而有力和最經濟的工具。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="水利工程"><span id=".E6.B0.B4.E5.88.A9.E5.B7.A5.E7.A8.8B"></span>水利工程</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E6%9C%A8%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：水利工程"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%88%A9%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="水利工程">水利工程</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%88%A9%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="水利工程">水利工程</a>是為了控制、利用和保護地表及地下的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4" title="水">水</a>資源與環境而修建的各項工程建設的總稱。土木工程中著重于水流體的自然運動與人工輸送及利用的一門分支。該工程領域與<a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%8B%E6%A2%81" class="mw-redirect" title="橋梁">橋梁</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%A3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="水壩">水壩</a>、河道、<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8B%E6%B2%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="運河">運河</a>以及<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%B2%E6%B4%AA%E5%A0%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="防洪堤（页面不存在）">防洪堤</a>等關於水流、江川及洋海堤道工程的設計與施工有着密切的關聯，亦涉及公共衛生與<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="环境工程">環境工程</a>等這些和水相關的環境生態及用水範疇。 </p><p>水利工程主要的工作為各種水工結構物，包括<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%A3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="水壩">水壩</a>與<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%B3%E6%B5%B7%E5%A0%A4%E9%98%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="河海堤防（页面不存在）">河海堤防</a>、給水管網與集水管網、生態永續、洪水管理、沉積物運移以及其他的與<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4%E5%9C%9F%E4%BF%9D%E6%8C%81%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="水土保持工程（页面不存在）">水土保持工程</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%9C%B0%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="大地工程">大地工程</a>有關的事務。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="環境工程"><span id=".E7.92.B0.E5.A2.83.E5.B7.A5.E7.A8.8B"></span>環境工程</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E6%9C%A8%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：環境工程"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Water_pollution.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Water_pollution.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="174" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="174" /></a><figcaption>污水下水道</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="环境工程">環境工程</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="环境工程">環境工程</a>為應用科學與工程之方法來改善環境（包括空氣、水、土地資源），進而為人類之居住以及其他生物體提供對健康有益的水、空氣以及土壤，亦包括污染場址之復育。我們可經由教育大眾、保護環境、訂立規定以及應用良好工程實作來減輕與控制對環境的負面影響。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="交通工程"><span id=".E4.BA.A4.E9.80.9A.E5.B7.A5.E7.A8.8B"></span>交通工程</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E6%9C%A8%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：交通工程"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="交通工程">交通工程</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="交通工程">交通工程</a>是土木工程學中的一個分支，包括<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E8%B7%AF" title="公路">公路</a>交通、<a href="/wiki/%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF" title="鐵路">鐵路</a>交通、<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA" title="航空">航空</a>交通、<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E6%B5%B7" title="航海">航海</a>交通、管道交通五項内容。道路交通工程學僅研究道路上的交通，具體地說，就是把人、車、路、環境四者统一在一個交通系统中，探索各自和相互間的内在規律性及其最佳配合，以達到道路交通順暢、通行能力大、交通事故少、運輸效率高、公害程度低、節省燃料和運輸費用及環境協調、舒適的目的。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="其他"><span id=".E5.85.B6.E4.BB.96"></span>其他</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E6%9C%A8%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：其他"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>海洋工程</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%87%9F%E5%BB%BA%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="營建工程">營建工程</a></li> <li>地政及都市計劃</li> <li>水土保持工程</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參見"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.A6.8B"></span>參見</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E6%9C%A8%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：參見"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%87%9F%E5%BB%BA%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86" title="營建管理">營建管理</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考文獻"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8D.BB"></span>參考文獻</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E6%9C%A8%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节：參考文獻"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span 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id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kzVvd4Dk6sw&locale=en_US&persist_locale=1">Earthquake Protector: Shake Table Crash Testing</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-10-12</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130721130343/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kzVvd4Dk6sw&locale=en_US&persist_locale=1">存档</a>于2013-07-21）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9C%9F%E6%9C%A8%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B&rft.btitle=Earthquake+Protector%3A+Shake+Table+Crash+Testing&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DkzVvd4Dk6sw%26locale%3Den_US%26persist_locale%3D1&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="Portal:工程">工程主题</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="建筑学" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89" title="Template:建築"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89" title="Template talk:建築"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:建築"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="建筑学" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E5%AD%A6" title="建筑学">建筑学</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">类型</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E5%B1%85" class="mw-redirect" title="民居">民居</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E5%A4%A9%E5%A4%A7%E6%A8%93" title="摩天大樓">摩天大樓</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89%E7%B5%90%E6%A7%8B%E7%89%A9" title="非建築結構物">非建築結構物</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94" title="塔">塔</a>／<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E5%BC%8F%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89" title="塔式建築">塔式建築</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:101.tall.altonthompson.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/101.tall.altonthompson.jpg/100px-101.tall.altonthompson.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/101.tall.altonthompson.jpg/150px-101.tall.altonthompson.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/101.tall.altonthompson.jpg/200px-101.tall.altonthompson.jpg 2x" data-file-width="713" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E6%96%BD%E5%B7%A5" title="建筑施工">施工</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="建筑工程">建筑工程</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">土木工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99" title="建筑材料">建築材料</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89%E7%B5%90%E6%A7%8B" title="建築結構">建筑结构</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%8B%E5%AE%87%E8%A3%9D%E5%82%99%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="屋宇裝備工程">屋宇裝備工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E5%85%89%E5%AD%A6" title="建筑光学">建築光学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93" title="建築技術">建築技術</a></li></ul></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">结构类型</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84" title="木结构">木结构</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E6%9C%A8%E6%9E%84%E9%80%A0%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91" title="半木构造建筑">半木构造建筑</a>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中国传统木构建筑" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ancient Chinese wooden architecture"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BC%A0%E7%BB%9F%E6%9C%A8%E6%9E%84%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中国传统木构建筑（页面不存在）">中国传统木构建筑</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Chinese_wooden_architecture" class="extiw" title="en:Ancient Chinese wooden architecture"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ancient Chinese wooden architecture</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%8C%E4%BD%93%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84" title="砌体结构">砌体结构</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A0%96%E6%9C%A8%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="砖木结构（页面不存在）">砖木结构</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A2%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84" title="钢结构">钢结构</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A1%86%E6%9E%B6%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84" title="框架结构">框架结构</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="结构力学">结构力学</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%90%E6%A7%8B%E5%8F%8D%E5%8A%9B" title="結構反力">結構反力</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%90%E6%A7%8B%E6%94%AF%E6%89%BF" title="結構支承">結構支承</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%90%E6%A7%8B%E6%A7%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="結構構件">結構構件</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%90%E6%A7%8B%E7%AF%80%E9%BB%9E" title="結構節點">結構節點</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%90%E6%A7%8B%E8%8D%B7%E9%87%8D" title="結構荷重">結構荷重</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%BA%A6_(%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%A6)" title="自由度 (工程学)">自由度</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">环境</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E8%A7%84%E5%88%92" title="城市规划">城市规划</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1" title="城市设计">城市設計</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%AD%E6%9E%97%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1" title="园林设计">园林設計</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AF%E8%A7%80%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88" title="景觀設計">景觀設計</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E6%88%90%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83" title="建成环境">建成环境</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%A0%E5%8C%96" title="綠化">綠化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%A0%E8%89%B2%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89" title="綠色建築">綠色建築</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91" title="智能建筑">智能建築</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B8%E7%BA%8C%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88" title="永續設計">永續設計</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E" title="建筑经济">建筑经济</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E5%B8%88" title="建筑师">建筑师</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89%E5%B7%A5%E4%BA%BA" title="建築工人">工人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA" title="建筑理论">建築理论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%B7%E6%A5%AD%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="職業安全">職業安全</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E7%BE%8E%E5%AD%A6" title="建筑美学">建筑美学</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">相关模板</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%88%BF%E5%B1%8B" title="Template:房屋">Template:房屋</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="技术" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist 臺 mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93" title="Template:技術"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF" title="Template talk:技术"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:技術"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="技术" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF" title="技术">技术</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">領域</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%88%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="水利">水利</a><br /><a class="mw-selflink selflink">土木</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="建筑工程">建築</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%88%A9%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="水利工程">水利工程</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">土木工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="建筑工程">建築工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="结构工程">结构工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%9C%B0%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="大地工程">大地工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%8B%E5%AE%87%E8%A3%9D%E5%82%99%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="屋宇裝備工程">屋宇裝備工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="安全工程">安全工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%88%E9%98%B2%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="消防工程">消防工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="海洋工程">海洋工程</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A" title="交通">交通</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="交通工程">交通工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="交通工程">流量工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BC%89%E5%85%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="載具">車輛工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E6%B5%B7" title="航海">航海</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E6%B5%B7%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="航海工程">航海工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA" title="航空">航空</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="航空工程">航空工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="航天工程">航天工程</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%A6" title="工业工程学">工業工程</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%A6" title="工程学">工程学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%A6" title="工业工程学">工業工程學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93" class="mw-disambig" title="工程技術">工程技術</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="系统工程">系统工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="控制工程">控制工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E4%BA%A7" title="生产">製造</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B6%E9%87%91%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="冶金學">冶金學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B6%E9%87%91%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="冶金工程">冶金工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B6%E7%93%B7%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="陶瓷工程">陶瓷工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%B3%E7%B1%B3%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF" title="纳米技术">纳米技术</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E5%8B%95%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="自動化">自動化技術</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%BA%E6%A2%B0" title="机械">机械</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%BA%E6%A2%B0%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="机械工程">机械工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%BA%E6%A2%B0%E5%88%B6%E9%80%A0" title="机械制造">機械製造</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E6%9C%BA%E7%94%B5%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="微机电系统">微机电系统</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%B7%A5" title="木工">木工</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%A1%E5%85%B7" title="模具">模具</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%91%84%E9%80%A0" title="鑄造">鑄造</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%8D%9B%E9%80%A0" title="鍛造">鍛造</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A3%E9%87%91" class="mw-redirect" title="钣金">鈑金</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%84%8A%E6%8E%A5" title="焊接">焊接（銲接）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E8%99%95%E7%90%86" class="mw-redirect" title="熱處理">熱處理</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%BA%E6%A2%B0%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E5%AD%A6" title="机械电子学">機電整合</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%86%E5%90%91%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="逆向工程">逆向工程</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E6%A9%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="電機">電機</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="電子">電子</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E8%A8%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="通訊">通訊</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF" title="信息">信息</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a 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title="本体工程">本体工程</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A1%AC%E9%AB%94%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="硬體工程（页面不存在）">硬體工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E5%8F%B7%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86" title="信号处理">信号處理</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A6%96%E9%A0%BB%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="視頻工程（页面不存在）">視頻工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%8C%84%E9%9F%B3" title="錄音">音頻工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6" title="应用数学">应用数学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="软件工程">软件工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF" title="信息技术">信息技术</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E8%A6%96%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="可視化">可视化技術</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BE%E5%BD%A2" title="图形">图形</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD" title="人工智能">人工智能</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="数据科学">数据科学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E6%8C%96%E6%8E%98" title="数据挖掘">數據挖掘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%BA%E5%99%A8%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0" title="机器学习">機器學習</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E9%9F%B3%E8%AF%86%E5%88%AB" title="语音识别">语音识别</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%95%B8%E6%93%9A" title="大數據">大數據</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%BA%E5%9D%97%E9%93%BE" title="区块链">區塊鏈</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E7%A2%BC%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="密碼學">密碼學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B2%E7%AB%AF%E9%81%8B%E7%AE%97" title="雲端運算">云计算</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%8A%E7%B7%A3%E9%81%8B%E7%AE%97" title="邊緣運算">邊緣運算</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83%E5%BC%8F%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97" class="mw-redirect" title="分布式計算">分布式計算</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90" title="能源">能源</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="核工程">核工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF" title="核技术">核技术</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%82%A8%E8%83%BD%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF" title="储能技术">儲能技術</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E6%B2%B9%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="石油工程">石油工程</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="化学工程">化学工程</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="醫學">醫</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%A5%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="藥理學">藥</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%AD%B7%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="護理學">護理</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="化学工程">化学工程</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="化學技術（页面不存在）">化學技術</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E5%AD%A6" title="化学信息学">化学信息学</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E6%AA%A2%E9%A9%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="化學檢驗（页面不存在）">化學檢驗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E5%8C%96%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="生化工程">生化工程</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E5%8C%96%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="生化技術（页面不存在）">生化技術</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="生物化學">生物化學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%A6" title="生物工程学">生物工程学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%A6" title="生物工程学">生物工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF" title="生物技术">生物技术</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E5%AD%A6" title="生物信息学">生物信息学</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%AA%A2%E9%A9%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="生物檢驗（页面不存在）">生物檢驗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%86%AB%E7%99%82%E8%A1%9B%E7%94%9F%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="醫療衛生科學">醫療衛生科學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="神经科学">神经科学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%B3%E7%B1%B3%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="纳米医学">纳米医学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="医学">医学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%AF%E5%AD%A6" title="药学">药学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%A4%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="护理学">护理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="基因工程">基因工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%A6" title="组织工程学">组织工程学</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%A9%E5%8C%96%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="物化工程（页面不存在）">物化工程</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%A9%E5%8C%96%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="物化技術（页面不存在）">物化技術</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="物理化学">物理化學</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="物理工程學（页面不存在）">物理工程學</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="物理技術（页面不存在）">物理技術</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="材料化学">材料化學</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="農業">農業</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="農業工程">農業工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E5%93%81%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8" title="食品化學">食品化學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E5%93%81%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="食品工程">食品工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E5%93%81%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF" title="食品技术">食品技術</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E7%94%A2%E9%A4%8A%E6%AE%96" title="水產養殖">水產養殖</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%81%E6%A5%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="漁業">水產學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%87%9F%E9%A4%8A%E5%AD%B8" title="營養學">營養學</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="食品微生物學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Food microbiology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A3%9F%E5%93%81%E5%BE%AE%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="食品微生物學（页面不存在）">食品微生物學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_microbiology" class="extiw" title="en:Food microbiology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Food microbiology</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="遺傳利用限制技術" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Genetic use restriction technology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%BA%E5%82%B3%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8%E9%99%90%E5%88%B6%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="遺傳利用限制技術（页面不存在）">遺傳利用限制技術</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_use_restriction_technology" class="extiw" title="en:Genetic use restriction technology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Genetic use restriction technology</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80" title="環境科技">環境科技</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%A0%E8%89%B2%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89" title="綠色建築">綠色建築</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E5%86%8D%E7%94%9F%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90" title="可再生能源">可再生能源</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B8%E7%BA%8C%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88" title="永續設計">永續設計</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="环境工程">環境工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="生態工程">生態工程</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="潔淨科技" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Clean technology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BD%94%E6%B7%A8%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="潔淨科技（页面不存在）">潔淨科技</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clean_technology" class="extiw" title="en:Clean technology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Clean technology</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="生態技術" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ecotechnology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="生態技術（页面不存在）">生態技術</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecotechnology" class="extiw" title="en:Ecotechnology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ecotechnology</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="環境工程科學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Environmental engineering science"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="環境工程科學（页面不存在）">環境工程科學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_engineering_science" class="extiw" title="en:Environmental engineering science"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Environmental engineering science</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80" title="教育科技">教育技術學</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80" title="教育科技">教育技術學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B7%9A%E4%B8%8A%E5%AD%B8%E7%BF%92" title="線上學習">線上學習</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="教育軟體" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Educational software"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E8%BB%9F%E9%AB%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="教育軟體（页面不存在）">教育軟體</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Educational_software" class="extiw" title="en:Educational software"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Educational software</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="虛擬校園" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Virtual campus"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%99%9B%E6%93%AC%E6%A0%A1%E5%9C%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="虛擬校園（页面不存在）">虛擬校園</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_campus" class="extiw" title="en:Virtual campus"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Virtual campus</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%87%89%E7%94%A8%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="應用科學">應用科學</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%AD%A6%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="光学工程">光学工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="光學">光學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%B2%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="聲學">聲學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="力學">力學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E5%AD%A6" title="热学">熱學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%B8" title="電學">電學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%81" title="磁">磁學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E7%A3%81%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="電磁學">電磁學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="材料科学">材料科学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%B3%E7%B1%B3%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF" title="纳米技术">纳米技术</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF" title="微技术">微技術</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E5%B0%8E%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="半導體">半導體物理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="環境科學">環境科學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%83%E5%8F%A4%E5%AD%A6" title="考古学">考古学</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B" title="軍事">軍事</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%9B%E4%BA%8B%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E4%B8%8E%E8%A3%85%E5%A4%87%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="军事技术与装备列表">軍事技術</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="軍事通信" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Military communications"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B%E9%80%9A%E4%BF%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="軍事通信（页面不存在）">軍事通信</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_communications" class="extiw" title="en:Military communications"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Military communications</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%88%E8%97%A5" title="彈藥">彈藥</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%82%B8%E5%BC%B9" title="炸弹">炸弹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E4%BD%9C%E6%88%B0" title="電子作戰">電子作戰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E5%8F%AF%E5%81%B5%E6%B8%AC%E6%80%A7%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93" title="低可偵測性技術">低可偵測性技術</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B5" title="工兵">工兵</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他領域</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%BA%E5%99%A8%E4%BA%BA%E5%AD%A6" title="机器人学">機器人學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%BA%E6%A2%B0%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E5%AD%A6" title="机械电子学">機械電子學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="系统工程">系统工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E8%B3%AA%E7%B5%84%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="蛋白質組學">蛋白質組學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%9A%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="聚合物工程">聚合物工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E5%AD%B8" title="系統分類學">系統分類學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E8%9E%8D%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80" title="金融科技">金融科技</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%87%E7%9F%BF%E4%B8%9A" title="采矿业">采矿业</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">組件</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%A4%8E%E8%A8%AD%E6%96%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="基礎設施">基礎設施</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BC%E6%98%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="發明">發明</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%91%E6%98%8E%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8" title="发明年表">發明年表</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%A5%E8%AD%98" class="mw-redirect" title="知識">知識</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%9F%E5%99%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="機器">機器</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%80%E8%83%BD" title="技能">技能</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E8%97%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="工藝">工藝</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7" title="工具">工具</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E5%8F%B2" title="技术史">技术史</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="史前技术纲要" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Outline of prehistoric technology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%B2%E5%89%8D%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E7%BA%B2%E8%A6%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="史前技术纲要（页面不存在）">史前技术</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_prehistoric_technology" class="extiw" title="en:Outline of prehistoric technology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Outline of prehistoric technology</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%9F%B3%E5%99%A8%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="新石器革命">新石器革命</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="古代技術" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ancient technology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古代技術（页面不存在）">古代技術</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_technology" class="extiw" title="en:Ancient technology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ancient technology</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中世紀技術" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Medieval technology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中世紀技術（页面不存在）">中世紀技術</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval_technology" class="extiw" title="en:Medieval technology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Medieval technology</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="文藝復興技術" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Renaissance technology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E8%97%9D%E5%BE%A9%E8%88%88%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="文藝復興技術（页面不存在）">文藝復興技術</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaissance_technology" class="extiw" title="en:Renaissance technology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Renaissance technology</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="第一次工业革命">第一次工业革命</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="噴氣時代" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Jet Age"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%99%B4%E6%B0%A3%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="噴氣時代（页面不存在）">噴氣時代</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jet_Age" class="extiw" title="en:Jet Age"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Jet Age</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="第二次工业革命">第二次工业革命</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%97%E5%8C%96%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="數字化革命">第三次工業革命</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3" title="信息时代">信息时代</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E6%AC%A1%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="第四次工業革命">第四次工業革命</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%AF%E7%B6%B2%E6%B3%A1%E6%B2%AB" title="互聯網泡沫">互聯網泡沫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%B4%E5%A3%9E%E6%80%A7%E5%89%B5%E6%96%B0" title="破壞性創新">破壞性創新</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="共享經濟">共享經濟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BA%A4%E7%B6%B2%E8%B7%AF%E6%9C%8D%E5%8B%99" title="社交網路服務">社交網路服務</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E9%9B%B6%E5%94%AE" title="新零售">新零售</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O2O" title="O2O">O2O</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">信息技术教育</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B7%9A%E4%B8%8A%E5%AD%B8%E7%BF%92" title="線上學習">線上學習</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A7%84%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%80%E6%94%BE%E5%9C%A8%E7%BA%BF%E8%AF%BE%E5%A0%82" title="大规模开放在线课堂">大规模开放在线课堂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E5%B7%A5%E7%A7%91" title="理工科">STEM教育</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2" title="Category:資訊科技教育">Category:資訊科技教育</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="技術理論" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Theories of technology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="技術理論（页面不存在）">理論</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theories_of_technology" class="extiw" title="en:Theories of technology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Theories of technology</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span><br />和概念</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="技術倫理" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ethics of technology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93%E5%80%AB%E7%90%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="技術倫理（页面不存在）">技術倫理</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethics_of_technology" class="extiw" title="en:Ethics of technology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ethics of technology</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E7%9A%84%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%BB%BA%E6%9E%84" title="技术的社会建构">技术的社会建构</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93%E7%9A%84%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%BD%A2%E5%A1%91" title="技術的社會形塑">技術的社會形塑</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E5%86%B3%E5%AE%9A%E8%AE%BA" title="技术决定论">技术决定论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93%E4%B8%AD%E7%AB%8B%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87" title="技術中立原則">技術中立原則</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E4%BA%BA%E7%B1%BB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="超人类主义">超人类主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%97%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" title="技术接受模型">技术接受模型</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%93%E5%AE%B6%E7%BB%9F%E6%B2%BB" title="专家统治">专家统治</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E5%A5%87%E7%82%B9" title="技术奇点">技术奇点</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E6%88%90%E7%86%9F%E5%BA%A6%E6%9B%B2%E7%BA%BF" title="技术成熟度曲线">技术成熟度曲线</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="技术类别" data-lang-code="d" data-lang-name="維基數據" data-foreign-title="Q112057532"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E7%B1%BB%E5%88%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="技术类别（页面不存在）">技术类别</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">維基數據</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q112057532" class="extiw" title="d:Q112057532"><span lang="d" dir="auto">Q112057532</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="軍民兩用技術" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Dual-use technology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BB%8D%E6%B0%91%E5%85%A9%E7%94%A8%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="軍民兩用技術（页面不存在）">軍民兩用技術</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-use_technology" class="extiw" title="en:Dual-use technology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Dual-use technology</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80" title="高科技">高科技</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%B4%E5%A3%9E%E6%80%A7%E5%89%B5%E6%96%B0" title="破壞性創新">破壞性創新</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%82%E7%94%A8%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF" title="适用技术">适用技术</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF" title="通用技术">通用技术</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="关键技术" data-lang-code="de" data-lang-name="德语" data-foreign-title="Schlüsseltechnologie"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%B3%E9%94%AE%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="关键技术（页面不存在）">关键技术</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">德语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schl%C3%BCsseltechnologie" class="extiw" title="de:Schlüsseltechnologie"><span lang="de" dir="auto">Schlüsseltechnologie</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E8%9E%8D%E5%90%88" title="技术融合">技术融合</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BC" title="研究開發">研究開發</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E9%80%B1%E6%9C%9F" title="技術生命週期">技術生命週期</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%85%B4%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF" title="新兴技术">新兴技术</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%88%88%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="新興技術列表">列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%E8%BE%BE%E8%82%96%E5%A4%AB%E6%8C%87%E6%95%B0" title="卡尔达肖夫指数">卡尔达肖夫指数</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80" title="Category:各国科技">Category:各国科技</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" title="Category:科技公司">Category:科技公司</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E4%BC%A0%E6%92%AD%E8%80%85" title="技术传播者">技术传播者</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E6%96%B0%E9%97%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="技术新闻学">技术新闻学</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="分类"><img alt="分类" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF" title="Category:技术">Category:技术</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="共享资源页面"><img alt="共享资源页面" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" 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