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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Manufacturing_process"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Manufacturing process</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Manufacturing_process-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Purpose_of_ingredients" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Purpose_of_ingredients"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Purpose of ingredients</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Purpose_of_ingredients-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Purpose of ingredients subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Purpose_of_ingredients-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Grains" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grains"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Grains</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grains-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vegetables" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vegetables"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Vegetables</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vegetables-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dry_ingredients" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dry_ingredients"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Dry ingredients</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dry_ingredients-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stabilizers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stabilizers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Stabilizers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stabilizers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oils" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oils"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Oils</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oils-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Salt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Salt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.6</span> <span>Salt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Salt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Naming" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Naming"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Naming</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Naming-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Veggie burger</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 22 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">22 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%BA%D8%B1_%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A" title="برغر نباتي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="برغر نباتي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamburguesa_vegetal" title="Hamburguesa vegetal – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Hamburguesa vegetal" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vegetarburger" title="Vegetarburger – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Vegetarburger" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veggie-Burger" title="Veggie-Burger – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Veggie-Burger" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamburguesa_vegetal" title="Hamburguesa vegetal – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hamburguesa vegetal" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vegana_hamburgero" title="Vegana hamburgero – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Vegana hamburgero" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanburgesa_begano" title="Hanburgesa begano – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hanburgesa begano" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%AC%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%B1" title="وجی‌برگر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="وجی‌برگر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B2%A0%EC%A7%80_%EB%B2%84%EA%B1%B0" title="베지 버거 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="베지 버거" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%A5%D5%BB%D5%AB%D5%A2%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%A3%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Վեջիբուրգեր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վեջիբուրգեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9C_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0" title="वेज बर्गर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="वेज बर्गर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burger_sayuran" title="Burger sayuran – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Burger sayuran" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamburger_vegetariano" title="Hamburger vegetariano – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Hamburger vegetariano" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%A8_%D7%A6%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99" title="המבורגר צמחוני – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="המבורגר צמחוני" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vegetarische_hamburger" title="Vegetarische hamburger – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Vegetarische hamburger" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A7%E3%82%B8%E3%83%BC%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AC%E3%83%BC" title="ヴェジーバーガー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヴェジーバーガー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AD%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%9C_%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%97%E0%AC%B0" title="ଭେଜ ବର୍ଗର – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଭେଜ ବର୍ଗର" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamb%C3%BArguer_vegetariano" title="Hambúrguer vegetariano – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Hambúrguer vegetariano" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Веджибургер – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Веджибургер" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4" title="เบอร์เกอร์มังสวิรัติ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เบอร์เกอร์มังสวิรัติ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Веджибургер – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Веджибургер" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%A0%E9%A3%9F%E6%BC%A2%E5%A0%A1" title="素食漢堡 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="素食漢堡" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1884503#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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.infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox hrecipe adr"><caption class="infobox-title fn"><span>Veggie burger</span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%A8_%D7%98%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%A8_%D7%98%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99.jpg/220px-%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%A8_%D7%98%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%A8_%D7%98%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99.jpg/330px-%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%A8_%D7%98%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%A8_%D7%98%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99.jpg/440px-%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%A8_%D7%98%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="padding-bottom:0.25em;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;">Double vegan burger with tomato, lettuce and sauce</div></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Alternative names</th><td class="infobox-data">Meatless burger</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sandwich" title="Sandwich">Sandwich</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Main ingredients</th><td class="infobox-data ingredient">Vegetables, <a href="/wiki/Textured_vegetable_protein" title="Textured vegetable protein">textured vegetable protein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Legume" title="Legume">legumes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nut_(fruit)" title="Nut (fruit)">nuts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edible_mushroom" title="Edible mushroom">mushrooms</a>, or grains or <a href="/wiki/Seed" title="Seed">seeds</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-top:0.25em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Veggie_burgers" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Veggie burgers">Media: Veggie burger</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A <b>veggie burger</b> or <b>meatless burger</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Hamburger" title="Hamburger">hamburger</a> made with a <a href="/wiki/Patty" title="Patty">patty</a> that does not contain meat, or the patty of such a hamburger. The patty may be made from ingredients like beans (especially <a href="/wiki/Soybean" title="Soybean">soybeans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tofu" title="Tofu">tofu</a>), <a href="/wiki/Nut_(fruit)" title="Nut (fruit)">nuts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grains" class="mw-redirect" title="Grains">grains</a>, seeds, or fungi such as <a href="/wiki/Edible_mushroom" title="Edible mushroom">mushrooms</a> or <a href="/wiki/Mycoprotein" title="Mycoprotein">mycoprotein</a>. </p><p>The essence of the veggie burger patty has existed in various <a href="/wiki/Eurasian" class="mw-redirect" title="Eurasian">Eurasian</a> cuisines for millennia, including in the form of grilled or fried meatless discs, or as <a href="/wiki/Kofta" title="Kofta">koftas</a>, a commonplace item in <a href="/wiki/Indian_cuisine" title="Indian cuisine">Indian cuisine</a>. These may be made of entirely vegetarian ingredients such as <a href="/wiki/Legume" title="Legume">legumes</a> or other plant-derived proteins. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Preparation">Preparation</h2></div> <p>Whilst commercial brands of veggie burger are widespread, hundreds of recipes exist for veggie burgers online and in cookbooks, aimed at the home cook and based on cereal grains, nuts, seeds, breadcrumbs, beans, textured soya protein, with <a href="/wiki/Starch" title="Starch">starchy</a> flours or <a href="/wiki/Flaxseed" class="mw-redirect" title="Flaxseed">flaxseed</a> meal to stabilize the mix. Recipes offer a variety of flavors and textures, often containing herbs and spices and ingredients, like <a href="/wiki/Soy_sauce#Japanese" title="Soy sauce">tamari</a> or <a href="/wiki/Nutritional_yeast" title="Nutritional yeast">nutritional yeast</a>, to increase the <a href="/wiki/Umami" title="Umami">umami</a> taste. Desirable characteristics include <a href="/wiki/Mouthfeel" title="Mouthfeel">mouthfeel</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Searing" title="Searing">seared</a> surface, crunch, chewiness, spiciness and resistance to crumbling. Like a meat burger, they can be pan fried, grilled, barbecued or oven cooked. Some are designed to be eaten in a toasted bun or <a href="/wiki/Brioche" title="Brioche">brioche</a>, with similar accompaniments to a traditional meat burger, such as tomato slices, onion rings, dill pickled cucumber, <a href="/wiki/Mayonnaise" title="Mayonnaise">mayonnaise</a>, mustard and <a href="/wiki/Ketchup" title="Ketchup">ketchup</a>. Others are stand-alone patties that are eaten with other vegetables, <a href="/wiki/Salad" title="Salad">salad</a> or a <a href="/wiki/Dipping_sauce" title="Dipping sauce">dipping sauce</a>. Home produced veggie burgers can be frozen and stored, just like commercial varieties. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Commercial_brands">Commercial brands</h2></div> <p>Products include dried mixes to which water is added before cooking, or ready-made burgers, often found in the store chiller or freezer compartments. Some popular brands of veggie burger include the <a href="/wiki/Boca_Burger" title="Boca Burger">Boca Burger</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Gardenburger" title="Gardenburger">Gardenburger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morningstar_Farms" title="Morningstar Farms">Morningstar Farms</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Quorn" title="Quorn">Quorn</a>. In the 2010s, realistic meat-like burgers were developed, led by the companies <a href="/wiki/Beyond_Meat" title="Beyond Meat">Beyond Meat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Impossible_Foods" title="Impossible Foods">Impossible Foods</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origin">Origin</h2></div> <p>There have been numerous claims of invention of the veggie burger. The dish, by name, may have been created in London in 1982 by <a href="/wiki/Gregory_Sams" class="mw-redirect" title="Gregory Sams">Gregory Sams</a>, who called it the 'VegeBurger'. Sams and his brother Craig had run a natural food restaurant in <a href="/wiki/Paddington" title="Paddington">Paddington</a> since the 1960s;<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a <a href="/wiki/Carrefour" title="Carrefour">Carrefour</a> <a href="/wiki/Hypermarket" title="Hypermarket">hypermarket</a> in <a href="/wiki/Southampton" title="Southampton">Southampton</a> sold 2000 packets in three weeks after its launch.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An earlier reference can be heard in the 7 June 1948 episode of the American radio drama series <i><a href="/wiki/Let_George_Do_It_(radio)" title="Let George Do It (radio)">Let George Do It</a></i> called "The Mister Mirch Case" where a character refers to "vegeburgers" as a burger made of nuts and legumes. </p><p>Using the name Gardenburger, an early veggie burger was developed by Paul Wenner around 1980 or 1981 in Wenner's vegetarian restaurant, The Gardenhouse, in <a href="/wiki/Gresham,_Oregon" title="Gresham, Oregon">Gresham, Oregon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Restaurants">Restaurants</h2></div> <p>Some fast food companies have been offering vegetarian foods increasingly since the beginning of the 21st century. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="India">India</h3></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> where vegetarianism is widespread, <a href="/wiki/McDonald%27s" title="McDonald's">McDonald's</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burger_King" title="Burger King">Burger King</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wendy%27s" title="Wendy's">Wendy's</a> and <a href="/wiki/KFC" title="KFC">KFC</a> serve veggie burgers.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2012, McDonald's opened its first vegetarian-only restaurant in India.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A popular type of burger is the <a href="/wiki/Vada_pav" title="Vada pav">Vada pav</a>, also known as the Bombay burger. It originated in or near the city of <a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a> and consists of a fritter (vada), cooked with potatoes mixed with green chilis and various spices, enclosed in a bread roll (pav).<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3></div> <p>Burger King (BK) introduced a veggie burger in 2002, the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://money.cnn.com/2002/03/14/news/companies/burgerking_veggie/">first</a> to be made available nationally in the U.S.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They have also sold veggie burgers in their Australian franchise, <a href="/wiki/Hungry_Jack%27s" title="Hungry Jack's">Hungry Jack's</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-vg123_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vg123-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2019, BK rolled out the <a href="/wiki/Impossible_Whopper" title="Impossible Whopper">Impossible Whopper</a> as a veggie burger that realistically imitates their signature beef-based Whopper hamburger. </p><p>Veggie burgers have been sold in certain <a href="/wiki/Subway_(restaurant)" title="Subway (restaurant)">Subways</a> and <a href="/wiki/Harvey%27s" title="Harvey's">Harvey's</a>, as well as many chain restaurants, such as <a href="/wiki/Red_Robin" title="Red Robin">Red Robin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chili%27s" title="Chili's">Chili's</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denny%27s" title="Denny's">Denny's</a>, <a href="/wiki/Friendly%27s" title="Friendly's">Friendly's</a>, Culvers, <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Rockets" title="Johnny Rockets">Johnny Rockets</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hard_Rock_Cafe" title="Hard Rock Cafe">Hard Rock Cafe</a>. Occasionally the veggie burger option will appear at the bottom of a menu as a possible substitution for beef or turkey burgers, rather than as an individual menu item. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="McDonald's"><span id="McDonald.27s"></span>McDonald's</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:McVeggie_in_India_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/McVeggie_in_India_1.jpg/220px-McVeggie_in_India_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/McVeggie_in_India_1.jpg/330px-McVeggie_in_India_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/McVeggie_in_India_1.jpg/440px-McVeggie_in_India_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>A McVeggie sandwich from a McDonald's in India</figcaption></figure> <p><span class="anchor" id="McDonald's"></span>Different kinds of veggie burgers, including the vegetarian <a href="/wiki/McVeggie" title="McVeggie">McVeggie</a>, the vegan <a href="/wiki/McVegan" title="McVegan">McVegan</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/McPlant" title="McPlant">McPlant</a>, are also served permanently in McDonald's restaurants in: </p> <ul><li>India (McVeggie, consisting of a fried, breaded patty of ground vegetables, with lettuce and ketchup, in a wholewheat, sesame or <a href="/wiki/Focaccia" title="Focaccia">focaccia</a> bun)</li> <li>Bahrain<sup id="cite_ref-tikifish.com_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tikifish.com-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheung_Chau" title="Cheung Chau">Cheung Chau</a>, Hong Kong (McVeggie, in <a href="/wiki/Cheung_Chau_Bun_Festival" title="Cheung Chau Bun Festival">Cheung Chau Bun Festival</a>)</li> <li>Egypt (McFalafel, consisting of a <a href="/wiki/Falafel" title="Falafel">falafel</a> patty with tomato, lettuce and <a href="/wiki/Tahini" title="Tahini">tahini</a> sauce)<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Finland (McVegan)<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Germany since February 2010, McDonald's Germany, its fourth-biggest global market, is serving veggie burgers in all its restaurants.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Greece (McVeggie, consisting of a breaded and fried vegetable patty with tomato, iceberg lettuce and ketchup, in a sesame bun)<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Malaysia<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The Netherlands (Groentenburger=Vegetable Burger)<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Portugal (McVeggie, since November 2016)<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>New Zealand (McVeggie, since December 2019)<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Sweden (McVegan)<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Switzerland (Vegi Mac)<sup id="cite_ref-tikifish.com_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tikifish.com-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nowthatsnifty.blogspot.com_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nowthatsnifty.blogspot.com-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>United Arab Emirates<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>United Kingdom (<a href="/wiki/McPlant" title="McPlant">McPlant</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Manufacturing_process">Manufacturing process</h2></div> <p>Manufacturing often follows certain steps. One commercial recipe runs as follows.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The grains and vegetables used in the patties are first washed and thoroughly cleaned to help ensure the removal of <a href="/wiki/Dirt" title="Dirt">dirt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bacteria" title="Bacteria">bacteria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Residue_(chemistry)" title="Residue (chemistry)">chemical residues</a>, and other materials that may be on the raw products. This process can either be done by hand or through the use of machinery such as <a href="/wiki/Sprayer" title="Sprayer">high-pressure sprayers</a>. With the use of a <a href="/wiki/Conveyor_belt" title="Conveyor belt">conveyor belt</a>, the food is moved along under a high-pressure sprayer to remove the debris listed above. Another method that may be used by companies is the use of a hollow drum which circulates the food while water is sprayed onto it to remove the debris. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rice_Grains_.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Rice_Grains_.png/170px-Rice_Grains_.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Rice_Grains_.png/255px-Rice_Grains_.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Rice_Grains_.png/340px-Rice_Grains_.png 2x" data-file-width="742" data-file-height="989" /></a><figcaption>Grains of rice before cooking</figcaption></figure> <p>Next, a <a href="/wiki/Food_steamer" title="Food steamer">steam-heated mixer</a> is used to cook the grain and remove any extra debris and excess water. The mixer typically has <a href="/wiki/Cooking_oil" title="Cooking oil">oils</a> within it (such as <a href="/wiki/Safflower" title="Safflower">safflower oil</a>). As the oil simmers, the grains are gradually added in and the blades are used to mix the grains around. The steam created in the mixer allows the grains to cook resulting in a puree. </p><p>Next the vegetables are cut up into smaller pieces to allow more <a href="/wiki/Surface_area" title="Surface area">surface area</a> for cooking purposes. This can be done by hand or through the use of machines in factories. </p><p>The vegetables are then added to the grain mixture in the steam-heated mixture. The exact ratio of grains to vegetables is unique to each company, resulting in different <a href="/wiki/Mouthfeel" title="Mouthfeel">textures</a> and tastes that are produced. </p><p>As the vegetables are being cooked in the mixer, their natural sugars release, resulting in <a href="/wiki/Caramelization" title="Caramelization">caramelization</a>. The sweet flavors thus created from this caramelization are mixed uniformly in the mixer. The technique used for the creation of this caramelization mixture is called <a href="/wiki/Mirepoix_(cuisine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mirepoix (cuisine)">mirepoix</a>. This technique is very important to the production of veggie burgers, as it adds both texture and flavor to the patty. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dry_ingredients_.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Dry_ingredients_.jpg/220px-Dry_ingredients_.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Dry_ingredients_.jpg/330px-Dry_ingredients_.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Dry_ingredients_.jpg/440px-Dry_ingredients_.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Dry ingredients, such as oats, can be added to the manufacturing process.</figcaption></figure> <p>The mirepoix mixture is then placed into another mixing tub, where dry ingredients such as <a href="/wiki/Oat" title="Oat">oats</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walnut" title="Walnut">walnuts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Instant_mashed_potatoes" title="Instant mashed potatoes">potato flakes</a>, and more are added. The mixture is then folded together to make a uniform mix. The <a href="/wiki/Moisture" title="Moisture">moisture</a> from the vegetables causes the mixture to become sticky, thus clumping together like cookie dough. This is important, as it allows the veggie burger to stick together to form the patty. </p><p>The mixture is now put into an automatic patty-making machine or press. The press then punches out the patties into a disc shape onto a conveyor belt underneath. A constant spray of water may also be used to prevent any of the mixture from sticking to machinery parts. Once on the conveyor tray, the patties move along to be put onto <a href="/wiki/Sheet_pan" title="Sheet pan">baking trays</a>. </p><p>Patties are first inspected to make sure they are the correct shape, size, and texture to ensure a high-quality product. The trays are then put into a heated <a href="/wiki/Convection_oven" title="Convection oven">convection oven</a> at a designated temperature and time. </p><p>Once out of the oven, the patties are quickly frozen with techniques such as <a href="/wiki/Individual_Quick_Freezing" class="mw-redirect" title="Individual Quick Freezing">individual quick freezing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cryopreservation" title="Cryopreservation">cryogenic freezing</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These quick-freezing methods freeze the patties within 30 minutes to lock in nutrients and preserve texture by the formation of a number of small <a href="/wiki/Frozen_food" title="Frozen food">ice crystals</a>. </p><p>The frozen patties are again placed on a conveyor belt that takes them to a <a href="/wiki/Vacuum_packing" title="Vacuum packing">vacuum-packaging</a> machine. The machine seals the patties into measured plastic sleeves and draws out any excess air. The packages are then loaded into printed cardboard boxes with the aid of another machine or done manually. The flaps on the box are then sealed closed and the product is kept in temperature-controlled storage before, during, and after delivery to grocery stores. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Purpose_of_ingredients">Purpose of ingredients</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Grains">Grains</h3></div> <p>Grains are primarily used in the manufacturing of veggie burgers to act as a meat substitute. The grains, such as <a href="/wiki/Rice" title="Rice">rice</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wheat" title="Wheat">wheat</a>, provide carbohydrates and protein components and to provide bulk to the patty. They also provide texture to the burger, which can change depending on the type of grain used. This texture and look is important as they wish to make the patty look like a beef patty. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vegetables">Vegetables</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mushroom,_Veggie_Burger.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Mushroom%2C_Veggie_Burger.jpg/170px-Mushroom%2C_Veggie_Burger.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Mushroom%2C_Veggie_Burger.jpg/255px-Mushroom%2C_Veggie_Burger.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Mushroom%2C_Veggie_Burger.jpg/340px-Mushroom%2C_Veggie_Burger.jpg 2x" data-file-width="468" data-file-height="624" /></a><figcaption>Mushrooms prior to cooking</figcaption></figure> <p>Vegetables, such as <a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">corn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carrot" title="Carrot">carrots</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Edible_mushroom" title="Edible mushroom">mushrooms</a>, provide texture and taste. Additionally, they provide moisture when heated.<sup id="cite_ref-Gourmandelle_{{!}}_Vegetarian_Blog_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gourmandelle_{{!}}_Vegetarian_Blog-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This allows the disc shape without breaking apart easily. The vegetables also provide nutrients with the addition of some <a href="/wiki/Vitamin" title="Vitamin">vitamins</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral">minerals</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dry_ingredients">Dry ingredients</h3></div> <p>Adding dry ingredients, such as oats, flours, <a href="/wiki/Nut_(fruit)" title="Nut (fruit)">nuts</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Bread_crumbs" class="mw-redirect" title="Bread crumbs">breadcrumbs</a>, can absorb excess moisture and liquid, which results in the patty sticking together tightly. This could turn the moist veggie patties into a sticky consistency, which also helps the patties shape easily.<sup id="cite_ref-Gourmandelle_{{!}}_Vegetarian_Blog_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gourmandelle_{{!}}_Vegetarian_Blog-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dry ingredients provide <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">proteins</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dietary_fiber" title="Dietary fiber">fiber</a>, which add nutritional value to the veggie patty. Dry ingredients, such as <a href="/wiki/Walnut" title="Walnut">walnuts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Almond" title="Almond">almonds</a>, are also rich in energy, vitamins and minerals.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stabilizers">Stabilizers</h3></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Tapioca" title="Tapioca">Tapioca starch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Natural_gum" title="Natural gum">vegetable gum</a> are two common ingredients used as <a href="/wiki/Food_additive" title="Food additive">stabilizers</a> in veggie burger. Tapioca starch is often used as a <a href="/wiki/Thickening_agent" title="Thickening agent">thickening agent</a> due to its cheaper price. It gets sticky once it is wet, which helps to hold the burger patty tightly together.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vegetable gum also helps to hold everything together in the patty.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oils">Oils</h3></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Oil" title="Oil">Oils</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Safflower" title="Safflower">safflower</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coconut" title="Coconut">coconut</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Olive_oil" title="Olive oil">olive oil</a>, can lubricate the grain mix, and allow further cooking processing when the wheat is added. This facilitates the <a href="/wiki/Maillard_reaction" title="Maillard reaction">Maillard reaction</a> and brings out the flavors of the veggie burger. Oils can also prevent the ingredients from sticking to the mixing machine, thus allowing them to be mixed well and heated together.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Salt">Salt</h3></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Sodium_chloride" title="Sodium chloride">Salt</a> is typically used for flavor, and may also be used as a <a href="/wiki/Preservative" title="Preservative">preservative</a> in veggie burgers. With the use of salt, the <a href="/wiki/Water_activity" title="Water activity">water activity</a> of the food is reduced. This helps prevent the growth of micro-organisms and prolongs the shelf life of the food.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Naming">Naming</h2></div> <p>In October 2020, the EU rejected an amendment proposed by the <a href="/wiki/Committee_on_Agriculture_and_Rural_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="Committee on Agriculture and Rural Development">Committee on Agriculture and Rural Development</a> which, if passed, would have resulted in companies being forced to call veggie burgers by the term "veggie discs".<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 210px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 205px; height: 205px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Veggie_burger_burger_king_flickr_user_moe_creative_commons.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A Burger King Veggie combo meal, including a veggie burger, from Germany"><img alt="A Burger King Veggie combo meal, including a veggie burger, from Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Veggie_burger_burger_king_flickr_user_moe_creative_commons.jpg/175px-Veggie_burger_burger_king_flickr_user_moe_creative_commons.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Veggie_burger_burger_king_flickr_user_moe_creative_commons.jpg/263px-Veggie_burger_burger_king_flickr_user_moe_creative_commons.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Veggie_burger_burger_king_flickr_user_moe_creative_commons.jpg/350px-Veggie_burger_burger_king_flickr_user_moe_creative_commons.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A <a href="/wiki/Burger_King" title="Burger King">Burger King</a> Veggie combo meal, including a veggie burger, from Germany</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 210px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 205px; height: 205px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vegan_burger_and_chips_(3883204113).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vegan burger and French fries"><img alt="Vegan burger and French fries" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Vegan_burger_and_chips_%283883204113%29.jpg/175px-Vegan_burger_and_chips_%283883204113%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Vegan_burger_and_chips_%283883204113%29.jpg/263px-Vegan_burger_and_chips_%283883204113%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Vegan_burger_and_chips_%283883204113%29.jpg/350px-Vegan_burger_and_chips_%283883204113%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="534" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Vegan burger and <a href="/wiki/French_fries" title="French fries">French fries</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 210px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 205px; height: 205px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Priest_Station_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vegan burger"><img alt="Vegan burger" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Priest_Station_2.jpg/250px-Priest_Station_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Priest_Station_2.jpg/330px-Priest_Station_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Priest_Station_2.jpg/500px-Priest_Station_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Vegan burger</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 210px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 205px; height: 205px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Beyond_Meat.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Example of vegan veggie burger"><img alt="Example of vegan veggie burger" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Beyond_Meat.jpg/175px-Beyond_Meat.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Beyond_Meat.jpg/263px-Beyond_Meat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Beyond_Meat.jpg/350px-Beyond_Meat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="599" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Example of vegan veggie burger</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 210px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 205px; height: 205px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:VeggieBurgerKopfeckMunich.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Order from a vegetarian deli: veggie burger with French fries and salad"><img alt="Order from a vegetarian deli: veggie burger with French fries and salad" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/VeggieBurgerKopfeckMunich.jpg/175px-VeggieBurgerKopfeckMunich.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/VeggieBurgerKopfeckMunich.jpg/263px-VeggieBurgerKopfeckMunich.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/VeggieBurgerKopfeckMunich.jpg/350px-VeggieBurgerKopfeckMunich.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Order from a vegetarian <a href="/wiki/Delicatessen" title="Delicatessen">deli</a>: veggie burger with French fries and salad</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 210px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 205px; height: 205px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Veggie_burger_made_from_chickpeas_oats_rye_flour_carrot_onion_garlic_spices_an_egg_to_bind_ingredients.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mostly-veggie burger with the addition of one egg to better bind ingredients together"><img alt="Mostly-veggie burger with the addition of one egg to better bind ingredients together" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Veggie_burger_made_from_chickpeas_oats_rye_flour_carrot_onion_garlic_spices_an_egg_to_bind_ingredients.jpg/250px-Veggie_burger_made_from_chickpeas_oats_rye_flour_carrot_onion_garlic_spices_an_egg_to_bind_ingredients.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Veggie_burger_made_from_chickpeas_oats_rye_flour_carrot_onion_garlic_spices_an_egg_to_bind_ingredients.jpg/330px-Veggie_burger_made_from_chickpeas_oats_rye_flour_carrot_onion_garlic_spices_an_egg_to_bind_ingredients.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Veggie_burger_made_from_chickpeas_oats_rye_flour_carrot_onion_garlic_spices_an_egg_to_bind_ingredients.jpg/500px-Veggie_burger_made_from_chickpeas_oats_rye_flour_carrot_onion_garlic_spices_an_egg_to_bind_ingredients.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mostly-veggie burger with the addition of one egg to better bind ingredients together</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Foodlogo2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/32px-Foodlogo2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/48px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/64px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="146" data-file-height="106" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Food" title="Portal:Food">Food portal</a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beyond_Meat" title="Beyond Meat">Beyond Meat</a> – Producer of plant-based meat substitutes</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BK_Veggie" class="mw-redirect" title="BK Veggie">BK Veggie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boca_Burger" title="Boca Burger">Boca Burger</a> – Veggie burger produced by Kraft Heinz</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coconut_burger" class="mw-redirect" title="Coconut burger">Coconut burger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gardenburger" title="Gardenburger">Gardenburger</a> – American brand of veggie burgers</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impossible_Burger" class="mw-redirect" title="Impossible Burger">Impossible Burger</a> – American company making plant-based meat substitutes<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hamburgers" title="List of hamburgers">List of hamburgers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_meat_substitutes" title="List of meat substitutes">List of meat substitutes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sandwiches" title="List of sandwiches">List of sandwiches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vegetable_dishes" title="List of vegetable dishes">List of vegetable dishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat_analog" class="mw-redirect" title="Meat analog">Meat analog</a> – Plant-based food made to resemble meat<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morningstar_Farms" title="Morningstar Farms">Morningstar Farms</a> – Division of Kellanova</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quorn" title="Quorn">Quorn</a> – Meat substitute based on mycoprotein</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanitarium_Health_and_Wellbeing_Company" title="Sanitarium Health and Wellbeing Company">Sanitarium Health and Wellbeing Company</a> – Business enterprise owned by the Seventh-day Adventist Church</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okara_(food)" title="Okara (food)">Soy pulp</a> – Byproduct of soy milk and tofu production</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vada_pav" title="Vada pav">Vada pav</a> – Indian fast food item</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veganism" title="Veganism">Veganism</a> – Practice of abstaining from exploitation of animals and the use of animal products</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_cuisine" title="Vegetarian cuisine">Vegetarian cuisine</a> – Food not including meat</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism" title="Vegetarianism">Vegetarianism</a> – Abstaining from the consumption of meat</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.mcdonalds.com&rft.atitle=The+Vegan+Burger+with+Beyond+Meat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mcdonalds.com%2Fgb%2Fen-gb%2Flatest-updates%2Fmcplant.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVeggie+burger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHow_It’s_Made2015" class="citation cs2">How It’s Made (27 May 2015), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7FrhFGXi664"><i>How It's Made Veggie Burgers</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 August</span> 2017</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+It%27s+Made+Veggie+Burgers&rft.date=2015-05-27&rft.au=How+It%E2%80%99s+Made&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D7FrhFGXi664&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVeggie+burger" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead YouTube link tagged February 2022">dead YouTube link</span></a></i>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.madehow.com/Volume-5/Vegetarian-Burger.html">"How vegetarian burger is made - making, processing, product, industry, machine, Raw Materials"</a>. <i>www.madehow.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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"Cryogenic Cooking". <i>Scientific American</i>. <b>305</b> (2): 31. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011SciAm.305a..31G">2011SciAm.305a..31G</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fscientificamerican0811-31">10.1038/scientificamerican0811-31</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21827120">21827120</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scientific+American&rft.atitle=Cryogenic+Cooking&rft.volume=305&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=31&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21827120&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fscientificamerican0811-31&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2011SciAm.305a..31G&rft.aulast=Gibbs&rft.aufirst=W.+Wayt&rft.au=Myhrvold%2C+Nathan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVeggie+burger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gourmandelle_{{!}}_Vegetarian_Blog-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gourmandelle_{{!}}_Vegetarian_Blog_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gourmandelle_{{!}}_Vegetarian_Blog_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gourmandelle.com/veggie-burger-guide-how-to-perfect-veggie-patties/">"The Ultimate Veggie Burger Guide | Perfect veggie patties | Gourmandelle"</a>. <i>Gourmandelle | Vegetarian Blog</i>. 25 August 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.onegreenplanet.org&rft.atitle=Mirepoix%3A+This+Simple+Veggie+Trio+Will+Change+the+Way+You+Cook+Forever%21+%7C+One+Green+Planet&rft.date=2017-03-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.onegreenplanet.org%2Fvegan-food%2Fmirepoix-this-simple-veggie-trio-will-change-the-way-you-cook%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVeggie+burger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nutrition-and-you.com/nuts_nutrition.html">"Nuts nutrition facts and the health benefits of nuts"</a>. <i>Nutrition And You.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.onegreenplanet.org&rft.atitle=Tricks+for+Making+Veggie+Burgers+That+Won%27t+Fall+Apart+%7C+One+Green+Planet&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.onegreenplanet.org%2Fvegan-food%2Ftricks-for-making-veggie-burgers-that-wont-fall-apart%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVeggie+burger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.care2.com/greenliving/whats-inside-your-veggie-burger.html">"What's Inside Your Veggie Burger? | Care2 Healthy Living"</a>. <i>www.care2.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.care2.com&rft.atitle=What%27s+Inside+Your+Veggie+Burger%3F+%7C+Care2+Healthy+Living&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.care2.com%2Fgreenliving%2Fwhats-inside-your-veggie-burger.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVeggie+burger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBaileyUm1992" class="citation book cs1">Bailey, Milton E.; Um, Ki Won (5 August 1992). <i>Lipid Oxidation in Food</i>. ACS Symposium Series. Vol. 500. American Chemical Society. pp. <span class="nowrap">122–</span>139. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fbk-1992-0500.ch008">10.1021/bk-1992-0500.ch008</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0841224612" title="Special:BookSources/978-0841224612"><bdi>978-0841224612</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lipid+Oxidation+in+Food&rft.series=ACS+Symposium+Series&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E122-%3C%2Fspan%3E139&rft.pub=American+Chemical+Society&rft.date=1992-08-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fbk-1992-0500.ch008&rft.isbn=978-0841224612&rft.aulast=Bailey&rft.aufirst=Milton+E.&rft.au=Um%2C+Ki+Won&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVeggie+burger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.onegreenplanet.org/natural-health/how-to-choose-a-healthy-veggie-burger-without-harmful-ingredients/">"How to Choose a Healthy Veggie Burger Without Harmful Ingredients | One Green Planet"</a>. <i>www.onegreenplanet.org</i>. 13 March 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.onegreenplanet.org&rft.atitle=How+to+Choose+a+Healthy+Veggie+Burger+Without+Harmful+Ingredients+%7C+One+Green+Planet&rft.date=2015-03-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.onegreenplanet.org%2Fnatural-health%2Fhow-to-choose-a-healthy-veggie-burger-without-harmful-ingredients%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVeggie+burger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSabrina_Barr2020" class="citation news cs1">Sabrina Barr (23 October 2020). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/food-and-drink/veggie-burgers-eu-vote-european-parliament-meps-vegetarian-food-b1252734.html">"EU rejects plan to rename veggie burgers 'veggie discs'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a></span>. <i>The Independent</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220811/https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/food-and-drink/veggie-burgers-eu-vote-european-parliament-meps-vegetarian-food-b1252734.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=EU+rejects+plan+to+rename+veggie+burgers+%27veggie+discs%27&rft.date=2020-10-23&rft.au=Sabrina+Barr&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Flife-style%2Ffood-and-drink%2Fveggie-burgers-eu-vote-european-parliament-meps-vegetarian-food-b1252734.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVeggie+burger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVolger,_Lukas2010" class="citation book cs1">Volger, Lukas (2010). <i>Veggie Burgers Every Which Day: Fresh, Flavorful and Healthy Vegan and Vegetarian Burgers - Plus Toppings, Sides, Buns and More</i>. The Experiment. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61519-019-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61519-019-5"><bdi>978-1-61519-019-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Veggie+Burgers+Every+Which+Day%3A+Fresh%2C+Flavorful+and+Healthy+Vegan+and+Vegetarian+Burgers+-+Plus+Toppings%2C+Sides%2C+Buns+and+More&rft.pub=The+Experiment&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-61519-019-5&rft.au=Volger%2C+Lukas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVeggie+burger" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media 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data-file-height="400" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikibooks <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Cookbook">Cookbook</a> has a recipe/module on <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist" style="margin-left: 1.6em;"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook:Vegan_cuisine" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Cookbook:Vegan cuisine"> Vegan cuisine</a></b></i></li></ul> </div></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735" /><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Veggie_burgers" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Veggie burgers">Veggie burgers</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thespruceeats.com/vegetarian-vegan-4162338">Veggie Burger Recipes</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Soy_(Glycine_max)278" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Soy" title="Template:Soy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Soy" title="Template talk:Soy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Soy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Soy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Soy_(Glycine_max)278" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Soybean" title="Soybean">Soy</a> (<i>Glycine max</i>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soy_allergy" title="Soy allergy">Soy allergy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soy_candle" title="Soy candle">Soy candle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soy_ink" title="Soy ink">Soy ink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soy_molasses" title="Soy molasses">Soy molasses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soy_paint" title="Soy paint">Soy paint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soy_protein" title="Soy protein">Soy protein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soybean" title="Soybean">Soybean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_soybean_diseases" title="List of soybean diseases">Diseases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soybean_meal" title="Soybean meal">Soybean meal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soybean_oil" title="Soybean oil">Soybean oil</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Soybean.USDA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Soybean.USDA.jpg/80px-Soybean.USDA.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Soybean.USDA.jpg/120px-Soybean.USDA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Soybean.USDA.jpg/160px-Soybean.USDA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="951" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Soy-based<br />dishes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_soy-based_foods" title="List of soy-based foods">List of soy-based foods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aburaage" class="mw-redirect" title="Aburaage">Aburaage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agedashi_tofu" class="mw-redirect" title="Agedashi tofu">Agedashi tofu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bai_ye" class="mw-redirect" title="Bai ye">Bai ye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douhua" title="Douhua">Douhua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dubu_kimchi" class="mw-redirect" title="Dubu kimchi">Dubu kimchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edamame" title="Edamame">Edamame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiyayakko" title="Hiyayakko">Hiyayakko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kongguksu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kongguksu">Kongguksu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kongnamul" class="mw-redirect" title="Kongnamul">Kongnamul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapo_doufu" class="mw-redirect" title="Mapo doufu">Mapo doufu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miso_soup" title="Miso soup">Miso soup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundubu_jjigae" class="mw-redirect" title="Sundubu jjigae">Sundubu jjigae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahu_goreng" title="Tahu goreng">Tahu goreng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tofu_skin_roll" title="Tofu skin roll">Tofu skin roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yong_tau_foo" title="Yong tau foo">Yong tau foo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Plant_milk" title="Plant milk">Plant milk</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soy_milk" title="Soy milk">Soy milk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soy_yogurt" title="Soy yogurt">Soy yogurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegan_cheese" title="Vegan cheese">Vegan cheese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Meat_analogue" class="mw-redirect" title="Meat analogue">Meat analogues</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beanfeast" title="Beanfeast">Beanfeast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tempeh" title="Tempeh">Tempeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textured_vegetable_protein" title="Textured vegetable protein">Textured vegetable protein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tofu" title="Tofu">Tofu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tofurkey" title="Tofurkey">Tofurkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_hot_dog" title="Vegetarian hot dog">Vegetarian hot dog</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Veggie burger</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sauces and<br />condiments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Soy_sauce" title="Soy sauce">Soy sauce</a> based</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ganjang" class="mw-redirect" title="Ganjang">Ganjang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponzu" title="Ponzu">Ponzu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweet_soy_sauce" title="Sweet soy sauce">Sweet soy sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soy_sauce#Japanese" title="Soy sauce">Tamari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teriyaki" title="Teriyaki">Teriyaki</a></li> <li>Tsuyu</li> <li>Yìn yóu</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pastes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Doenjang" title="Doenjang">Doenjang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doubanjiang" title="Doubanjiang">Doubanjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miso" title="Miso">Miso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweet_bean_sauce" class="mw-redirect" title="Sweet bean sauce">Sweet bean sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_soybean_paste" title="Yellow soybean paste">Yellow soybean paste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C6%B0%C6%A1ng" title="Tương">Tương</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fermented bean</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akhuni" title="Akhuni">Akhuni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fermented_bean_curd" title="Fermented bean curd">Fermented bean curd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douchi" title="Douchi">Douchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinema" title="Kinema">Kinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tauco" title="Tauco">Tauco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natt%C5%8D" title="Nattō">Nattō</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other foods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mamenori" title="Mamenori">Mamenori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mao_tofu" title="Mao tofu">Mao tofu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oncom" title="Oncom">Oncom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soybean#Flour" title="Soybean">Soy flour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soybean#Infant_formula" title="Soybean">Soy milk based infant formula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soy_nut" title="Soy nut">Soy nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soy_pulp" class="mw-redirect" title="Soy pulp">Soy pulp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stinky_tofu" title="Stinky tofu">Stinky tofu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tofu_skin" title="Tofu skin">Tofu skin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fermented_soy_products" title="List of fermented soy products">List of fermented soy products</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Biochemicals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Phytoestrogens" class="mw-redirect" title="Phytoestrogens">Phytoestrogens</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genistein" title="Genistein">Genistein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genistin" title="Genistin">Genistin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glycitein" title="Glycitein">Glycitein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glycitin" title="Glycitin">Glycitin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ononin" title="Ononin">Ononin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daidzein" title="Daidzein">Daidzein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equol" title="Equol">Equol</a> (metabolite)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/O-Desmethylangolensin" title="O-Desmethylangolensin">O-DMA</a> (metabolite)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daidzin" title="Daidzin">Daidzin</a> (leaves)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Globulins (proteins)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beta-conglycinin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beta-conglycinin (page does not exist)">Beta-conglycinin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glycinin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glycinin (page does not exist)">Glycinin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Phytohaemagglutinin" title="Phytohaemagglutinin">PHAs</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lectin" title="Lectin">lectins</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soybean_agglutinin" title="Soybean agglutinin">Soybean agglutinin</a> (lectin)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Enzymes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beta-amylase" class="mw-redirect" title="Beta-amylase">Beta-amylase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lipoxygenase" title="Lipoxygenase">Lipoxygenase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cysteine_protease" title="Cysteine protease">Cysteine proteases</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Trypsin_inhibitor" title="Trypsin inhibitor">Trypsin inhibitors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kunitz_inhibitor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kunitz inhibitor (page does not exist)">Kunitz inhibitor</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bowman-Birk_inhibitor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bowman-Birk inhibitor (page does not exist)">Bowman-Birk inhibitor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soy_lecithin" class="mw-redirect" title="Soy lecithin">Soy lecithin</a> (mix of <a href="/wiki/Phospholipid" title="Phospholipid">Phospholipids</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunasin" title="Lunasin">Lunasin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unsaponifiable" class="mw-redirect" title="Unsaponifiable">Unsaponifiables</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tocopherol" title="Tocopherol">Tocopherols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sterols" class="mw-redirect" title="Sterols">Sterols</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antinutrient" title="Antinutrient">Antinutrients</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phytates" class="mw-redirect" title="Phytates">Phytates</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protease_Inhibitors" class="mw-redirect" title="Protease Inhibitors">Protease Inhibitors</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cystatin" title="Cystatin">Cystatins</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/8th_Continent" title="8th Continent">8th Continent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpro" title="Alpro">Alpro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boca_Burger" title="Boca Burger">Boca Burger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gardenburger" title="Gardenburger">Gardenburger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kikkoman" title="Kikkoman">Kikkoman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morningstar_Farms" title="Morningstar Farms">Morningstar Farms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mr_Bean_(company)" title="Mr Bean (company)">Mr Bean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plamil_Foods" title="Plamil Foods">Plamil Foods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silk_(brand)" title="Silk (brand)">Silk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/So_Good_(soy_beverage)" class="mw-redirect" title="So Good (soy beverage)">So Good</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tofutti" title="Tofutti">Tofutti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitasoy" title="Vitasoy">Vitasoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamasa" title="Yamasa">Yamasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeo_Hiap_Seng" title="Yeo Hiap Seng">Yeo Hiap Seng</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Diet_for_a_Small_Planet" title="Diet for a Small Planet">Diet for a Small Planet</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kikkoman_Soy_Sauce_Museum" title="Kikkoman Soy Sauce Museum">Kikkoman Soy Sauce Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Shurtleff" title="William Shurtleff">William Shurtleff</a> and <a href="/wiki/Akiko_Aoyagi" title="Akiko Aoyagi">Akiko Aoyagi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuasa,_Wakayama" title="Yuasa, Wakayama">Yuasa</a>, artisan town of historic soy sauce distilleries</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Soybeans" title="Category:Soybeans">Category: Soybeans</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hamburgers206" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hamburgers" title="Template:Hamburgers"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hamburgers" title="Template talk:Hamburgers"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hamburgers" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hamburgers"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hamburgers206" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hamburger" title="Hamburger">Hamburgers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angus_burger" title="Angus burger">Angus burger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_burger" title="Buffalo burger">Buffalo burger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butter_burger" title="Butter burger">Butter burger</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/B%C3%B8fsandwich" title="Bøfsandwich">Bøfsandwich</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheeseburger" title="Cheeseburger">Cheeseburger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chili_burger" title="Chili burger">Chili burger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chori_burger" title="Chori burger">Chori burger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coconut_burger" class="mw-redirect" title="Coconut burger">Coconut burger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fat_Boy_(hamburger)" title="Fat Boy (hamburger)">Fat Boy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamburger" title="Hamburger">Hamburger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamdog" title="Hamdog">Hamdog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jucy_Lucy" title="Jucy Lucy">Jucy/Juicy Lucy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luther_Burger" title="Luther Burger">Luther Burger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naan_burger" class="mw-redirect" title="Naan burger">Naan burger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patty_melt" title="Patty melt">Patty melt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramly_Group#Ramly_Burger" title="Ramly Group">Ramly burger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice_burger" title="Rice burger">Rice burger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slider_(sandwich)" title="Slider (sandwich)">Slider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slopper" title="Slopper">Slopper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slugburger" title="Slugburger">Slugburger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tempeh_burger" title="Tempeh burger">Tempeh burger</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Veggie burger</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cheeseburger.png" class="mw-file-description" title="A cheeseburger"><img alt="A cheeseburger" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Cheeseburger.png/100px-Cheeseburger.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Cheeseburger.png/150px-Cheeseburger.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Cheeseburger.png/200px-Cheeseburger.png 2x" data-file-width="2700" data-file-height="1800" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Brand name</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bacon_Deluxe" title="Bacon Deluxe">Bacon Deluxe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baconator" title="Baconator">Baconator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Classic" title="Big Classic">Big Classic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_King" title="Big King">Big King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Mac" title="Big Mac">Big Mac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_N%27_Tasty" title="Big N' Tasty">Big N' Tasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burger_King_premium_burgers" title="Burger King premium burgers">Burger King premium burgers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonald%27s_Deluxe_line" title="McDonald's Deluxe line">McDonald's Deluxe line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_Burger" title="Office Burger">Office Burger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quarter_Pounder" title="Quarter Pounder">Quarter Pounder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spice_Burger" title="Spice Burger">Spice Burger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whopper" title="Whopper">Whopper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jollibee#Yumburger" title="Jollibee">Yumburger</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Overview</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_hamburger" title="History of the hamburger">History of the hamburger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_hamburger_in_the_United_States" title="History of the hamburger in the United States">History of the hamburger in the United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">List articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hamburger_restaurants" title="List of hamburger restaurants">List of hamburger restaurants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hamburgers" title="List of hamburgers">List of hamburgers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hamburg_steak" title="Hamburg steak">Hamburg steak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patty" title="Patty">Patty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salisbury_steak" title="Salisbury steak">Salisbury steak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandwich" title="Sandwich">Sandwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sloppy_joe" title="Sloppy joe">Sloppy joe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Hamburgers_(food)" title="Category:Hamburgers (food)">Category: Hamburgers (food)</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Veganism_and_vegetarianism366" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Veganism_and_vegetarianism" title="Template:Veganism and vegetarianism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Veganism_and_vegetarianism" title="Template talk:Veganism and vegetarianism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Veganism_and_vegetarianism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Veganism and vegetarianism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Veganism_and_vegetarianism366" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Veganism" title="Veganism">Veganism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism" title="Vegetarianism">vegetarianism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Perspectives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Veganism" title="Veganism">Veganism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal-free_agriculture" title="Animal-free agriculture">Animal-free agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_veganism" title="Black veganism">Black veganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fruitarianism" title="Fruitarianism">Fruitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veganism#History" title="Veganism">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raw_veganism" class="mw-redirect" title="Raw veganism">Raw veganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight_edge" title="Straight edge">Straight edge</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hardline_(subculture)" title="Hardline (subculture)">Hardline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegan_nutrition" title="Vegan nutrition">Nutrition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegan_organic_agriculture" title="Vegan organic agriculture">Vegan organic agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegan_school_meal" title="Vegan school meal">Vegan school meal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegan_studies" title="Vegan studies">Vegan studies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism" title="Vegetarianism">Vegetarianism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_vegetarianism" title="Economic vegetarianism">Economic vegetarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_vegetarianism" title="Environmental vegetarianism">Environmental vegetarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_vegetarianism" title="History of vegetarianism">History</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism_in_the_Romantic_Era" title="Vegetarianism in the Romantic Era">Romantic Era</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthopathy" title="Orthopathy">Orthopathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacto_vegetarianism" title="Lacto vegetarianism">Lacto vegetarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacto-ovo_vegetarianism" title="Lacto-ovo vegetarianism">Lacto-ovo vegetarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovo_vegetarianism" title="Ovo vegetarianism">Ovo vegetarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_cuisine" title="Vegetarian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_Diet_Pyramid" title="Vegetarian Diet Pyramid">Vegetarian Diet Pyramid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_ecofeminism" title="Vegetarian ecofeminism">Ecofeminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_nutrition" title="Vegetarian nutrition">Nutrition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism_by_country" title="Vegetarianism by country">By country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vegetarians" title="List of vegetarians">Vegetarians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vegans" title="List of vegans">Vegans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_vegetarian_and_vegan_characters" title="List of fictional vegetarian and vegan characters">Fictional characters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vegetarian_and_vegan_festivals" title="List of vegetarian and vegan festivals">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vegetarian_and_vegan_organizations" title="List of vegetarian and vegan organizations">Organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vegan_and_plant-based_media" title="List of vegan and plant-based media">Vegan media</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ethics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Secular_ethics" title="Secular ethics">Secular</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal_rights" title="Animal rights">Animal rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_welfare" title="Animal welfare">Animal welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnism" title="Carnism">Carnism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_ecology" title="Deep ecology">Deep ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_vegetarianism" title="Environmental vegetarianism">Environmental vegetarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethics_of_eating_meat" title="Ethics of eating meat">Ethics of eating meat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat_paradox" class="mw-redirect" title="Meat paradox">Meat paradox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonviolence" title="Nonviolence">Nonviolence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Replaceability_argument" title="Replaceability argument">Replaceability argument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentientism" title="Sentientism">Sentientism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speciesism" title="Speciesism">Speciesism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirukku%E1%B9%9Fa%E1%B8%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="Tirukkuṟaḷ">Tirukkuṟaḷ</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism_and_religion" title="Vegetarianism and religion">Religious</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_vegetarianism" title="Buddhist vegetarianism">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_vegetarianism" title="Christian vegetarianism">Christianity</a> (<a href="/wiki/Seventh-day_Adventist_Church" title="Seventh-day Adventist Church">Seventh-day Adventist Church</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diet_in_Hinduism" title="Diet in Hinduism">Hinduism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sattvic_diet" title="Sattvic diet">Sattvic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahimsa" title="Ahimsa">Ahimsa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_vegetarianism" title="Islamic vegetarianism">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jain_vegetarianism" title="Jain vegetarianism">Jainism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_vegetarianism" title="Jewish vegetarianism">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pythagoreanism#Vegetarianism" title="Pythagoreanism">Pythagoreanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ital" title="Ital">Rastafari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diet_in_Sikhism" title="Diet in Sikhism">Sikhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taoist_diet" title="Taoist diet">Taoism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Food<br />and drink</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vegetarian_and_vegan_companies" title="List of vegetarian and vegan companies">List of vegetarian and vegan companies</a></li> <li>Dairy alternatives <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coconut_milk" title="Coconut milk">Coconut milk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant_cream" title="Plant cream">Plant cream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant_milk" title="Plant milk">Plant milk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soy_yogurt" title="Soy yogurt">Soy yogurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegan_cheese" title="Vegan cheese">Cheese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat_alternative" title="Meat alternative">Meat alternatives</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_meat_substitutes" title="List of meat substitutes">List of meat substitutes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_bacon" title="Vegetarian bacon">Bacon</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Burgers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mock_duck" title="Mock duck">Duck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_hot_dog" title="Vegetarian hot dog">Hot dogs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegan_jambon" class="mw-redirect" title="Vegan jambon">Jambon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quorn" title="Quorn">Quorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat-free_sausage_roll" title="Meat-free sausage roll">Sausage roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheat_gluten_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wheat gluten (food)">Seitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tempeh" title="Tempeh">Tempeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tofu" title="Tofu">Tofu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tofurkey" title="Tofurkey">Tofurkey</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelatin_dessert#Gelatin_substitutes" title="Gelatin dessert">Gelatin substitutes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_and_non-vegetarian_marks" class="mw-redirect" title="Vegetarian and non-vegetarian marks">Vegetarian mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism_and_beer" title="Vegetarianism and beer">Beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism_and_wine" title="Vegetarianism and wine">Wine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_vegetarian_and_vegan_organizations" title="List of vegetarian and vegan organizations">Groups</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/List_of_vegetarian_and_vegan_festivals" title="List of vegetarian and vegan festivals">events</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;">Vegan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Vegan_Society" title="American Vegan Society">American Vegan Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beauty_Without_Cruelty" title="Beauty Without Cruelty">Beauty Without Cruelty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Vegan_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="China Vegan Society">China Vegan Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_Empowerment_Project" title="Food Empowerment Project">Food Empowerment Project</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Go_Vegan" title="Go Vegan">Go Vegan</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nederlandse_Vereniging_voor_Veganisme" title="Nederlandse Vereniging voor Veganisme">Nederlandse Vereniging voor Veganisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Hen_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Our Hen House">Our Hen House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physicians_Committee_for_Responsible_Medicine" title="Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine">Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plamil_Foods" title="Plamil Foods">Plamil Foods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegan_Awareness_Foundation" title="Vegan Awareness Foundation">Vegan Awareness Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegan_flag" class="mw-redirect" title="Vegan flag">Vegan flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegan_Outreach" title="Vegan Outreach">Vegan Outreach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegan_Prisoners_Support_Group" title="Vegan Prisoners Support Group">Vegan Prisoners Support Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Vegan_Society" title="The Vegan Society">The Vegan Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veganmania" title="Veganmania">Veganmania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_Resource_Group" title="Vegetarian Resource Group">Vegetarian Resource Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veganuary" title="Veganuary">Veganuary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veganz" title="Veganz">Veganz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Vegan_Day" title="World Vegan Day">World Vegan Day</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;">Vegetarian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcott_House" title="Alcott House">Alcott House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bible_Christian_Church_(vegetarian)" title="Bible Christian Church (vegetarian)">Bible Christian Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Vegetarian_Society" title="Boston Vegetarian Society">Boston Vegetarian Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Vegetarian_Association" title="Christian Vegetarian Association">Christian Vegetarian Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eden_Gemeinn%C3%BCtzige_Obstbau-Siedlung" title="Eden Gemeinnützige Obstbau-Siedlung">Eden Gemeinnützige Obstbau-Siedlung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Vegetarian_Union" title="European Vegetarian Union">European Vegetarian Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Vegetarian_Society" title="French Vegetarian Society">French Vegetarian Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hare_Krishna_Food_for_Life" class="mw-redirect" title="Hare Krishna Food for Life">Hare Krishna Food for Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Vegetarian_Union" title="International Vegetarian Union">International Vegetarian Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Veg" title="Jewish Veg">Jewish Veg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat-free_days" title="Meat-free days">Meat-free days</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meatless_Monday" title="Meatless Monday">Meatless Monday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friday_fast" title="Friday fast">Friday fast</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Vegetarian_Society" title="North American Vegetarian Society">North American Vegetarian Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Golden_Age" title="Order of the Golden Age">Order of the Golden Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ProVeg_Deutschland" title="ProVeg Deutschland">ProVeg Deutschland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ProVeg_International" title="ProVeg International">ProVeg International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ProVeg_Nederland" title="ProVeg Nederland">ProVeg Nederland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Vegetarian_Society" title="Scottish Vegetarian Society">Scottish Vegetarian Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swissveg" title="Swissveg">Swissveg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Vegetarian_Association" title="Toronto Vegetarian Association">Toronto Vegetarian Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_Federal_Union" title="Vegetarian Federal Union">Vegetarian Federal Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_Society" title="Vegetarian Society">Vegetarian Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_Society_(Singapore)" title="Vegetarian Society (Singapore)">Vegetarian Society (Singapore)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veggie_Pride" title="Veggie Pride">Veggie Pride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viva!_Health" title="Viva! Health">Viva! Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Esperantist_Vegetarian_Association" title="World Esperantist Vegetarian Association">World Esperantist Vegetarian Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Vegetarian_Day" title="World Vegetarian Day">World Vegetarian Day</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_vegan_media" class="mw-redirect" title="List of vegan media">Films</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Animals_Film" title="The Animals Film">The Animals Film</a></i> (1981)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Diet_for_a_New_America_(film)" title="Diet for a New America (film)">Diet for a New America (film)</a></i> (1991)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Cow_at_My_Table" title="A Cow at My Table">A Cow at My Table</a></i> (1998)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Meet_Your_Meat" title="Meet Your Meat">Meet Your Meat</a></i> (2002)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Post_Punk_Kitchen" title="Post Punk Kitchen">Post Punk Kitchen</a></i> (2003–2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Peaceable_Kingdom_(film)" title="Peaceable Kingdom (film)">Peaceable Kingdom</a></i> (2004)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Earthlings_(film)" title="Earthlings (film)">Earthlings</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Sacred_Duty" title="A Sacred Duty">A Sacred Duty</a></i> (2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fat,_Sick_and_Nearly_Dead" title="Fat, Sick and Nearly Dead">Fat, Sick and Nearly Dead</a></i> (2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Planeat" title="Planeat">Planeat</a></i> (2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Forks_Over_Knives" title="Forks Over Knives">Forks Over Knives</a></i> (2011)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vegucated" title="Vegucated">Vegucated</a></i> (2011)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Live_and_Let_Live_(2013_film)" title="Live and Let Live (2013 film)">Live and Let Live</a></i> (2013)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cowspiracy" title="Cowspiracy">Cowspiracy</a></i> (2014)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/PlantPure_Nation" title="PlantPure Nation">PlantPure Nation</a></i> (2015)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/What_the_Health" title="What the Health">What the Health</a></i> (2017)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Carnage_(2017_film)" title="Carnage (2017 film)">Carnage</a></i> (2017)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dominion_(2018_film)" title="Dominion (2018 film)">Dominion</a></i> (2018)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eating_You_Alive" title="Eating You Alive">Eating You Alive</a></i> (2018)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Game_Changers" title="The Game Changers">The Game Changers</a></i> (2018)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Maa_Ka_Doodh" title="Maa Ka Doodh">Maa Ka Doodh</a></i> (2023)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/You_Are_What_You_Eat:_A_Twin_Experiment" title="You Are What You Eat: A Twin Experiment">You Are What You Eat: A Twin Experiment</a></i> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_vegan_media" class="mw-redirect" title="List of vegan media">Magazines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Naked_Food" title="Naked Food">Naked Food</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Satya_(magazine)" title="Satya (magazine)">Satya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Vegetarian_Magazine" title="The Vegetarian Magazine">The Vegetarian Magazine</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vegan_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Vegan Journal">Vegan Journal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_Times" title="Vegetarian Times">Vegetarian Times</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/VegNews" title="VegNews">VegNews</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Animals%27_Agenda" class="mw-redirect" title="The Animals' Agenda">The Animals' Agenda</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_vegan_media" class="mw-redirect" title="List of vegan media">Books</a>,<br />reports,<br /> journals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/On_Abstinence_from_Eating_Animals" title="On Abstinence from Eating Animals">On Abstinence from Eating Animals</a></i> (3rd century)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/An_Essay_on_Abstinence_from_Animal_Food,_as_a_Moral_Duty" title="An Essay on Abstinence from Animal Food, as a Moral Duty">An Essay on Abstinence from Animal Food, as a Moral Duty</a></i> (1802)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vegetable_Cookery" title="Vegetable Cookery">Vegetable Cookery</a></i> (1812)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Vindication_of_Natural_Diet" title="A Vindication of Natural Diet">A Vindication of Natural Diet</a></i> (1813)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Reasons_for_not_Eating_Animal_Food" class="mw-redirect" title="Reasons for not Eating Animal Food">Reasons for not Eating Animal Food</a></i> (1814)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Moral_Inquiries_on_the_Situation_of_Man_and_of_Brutes" title="Moral Inquiries on the Situation of Man and of Brutes">Moral Inquiries on the Situation of Man and of Brutes</a></i> (1824)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nature%27s_Own_Book" class="mw-redirect" title="Nature's Own Book">Nature's Own Book</a></i> (1835)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fruits_and_Farinacea" title="Fruits and Farinacea">Fruits and Farinacea</a></i> (1845)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Pleasure_Boat" title="The Pleasure Boat">The Pleasure Boat</a></i> (1845)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Ethics_of_Diet" title="The Ethics of Diet">The Ethics of Diet</a></i> (1883)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/What_is_Vegetarianism%3F" title="What is Vegetarianism?">What is Vegetarianism?</a></i> (1886)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shelley%27s_Vegetarianism" title="Shelley's Vegetarianism">Shelley's Vegetarianism</a></i> (1891)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Behind_the_Scenes_in_Slaughter-Houses" title="Behind the Scenes in Slaughter-Houses">Behind the Scenes in Slaughter-Houses</a></i> (1892)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Why_I_Am_a_Vegetarian" title="Why I Am a Vegetarian">Why I Am a Vegetarian</a></i> (1895)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Figs_or_Pigs%3F" title="Figs or Pigs?">Figs or Pigs?</a></i> (1896)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fifty_Years_of_Food_Reform" class="mw-redirect" title="Fifty Years of Food Reform">Fifty Years of Food Reform</a></i> (1898)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thirty-nine_Reasons_Why_I_Am_a_Vegetarian" title="Thirty-nine Reasons Why I Am a Vegetarian">Thirty-nine Reasons Why I Am a Vegetarian</a></i> (1903)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Meat_Fetish" title="The Meat Fetish">The Meat Fetish</a></i> (1904)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Ethics" title="The New Ethics">The New Ethics</a></i> (1907)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Fleshless_Diet" class="mw-redirect" title="A Fleshless Diet">A Fleshless Diet</a></i> (1910)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Benefits_of_Vegetarianism" title="The Benefits of Vegetarianism">The Benefits of Vegetarianism</a></i> (1927)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Living_the_Good_Life" title="Living the Good Life">Living the Good Life</a></i> (1954)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ten_Talents_(cookbook)" title="Ten Talents (cookbook)">Ten Talents</a></i> (1968)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Diet_for_a_Small_Planet" title="Diet for a Small Planet">Diet for a Small Planet</a></i> (1971)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Vegetarian_Epicure" title="The Vegetarian Epicure">The Vegetarian Epicure</a></i> (1972)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Moosewood_Restaurant" title="Moosewood Restaurant">Moosewood Collective Cookbooks</a></i> (1973)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Farm_Vegetarian_Cookbook" title="The Farm Vegetarian Cookbook">The Farm Vegetarian Cookbook</a></i> (1975)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Laurel%27s_Kitchen" title="Laurel's Kitchen">Laurel's Kitchen</a></i> (1976)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Moosewood_Cookbook" title="Moosewood Cookbook">Moosewood Cookbook</a></i> (1977)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fit_for_Life" title="Fit for Life">Fit for Life</a></i> (1985)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Diet_for_a_New_America" title="Diet for a New America">Diet for a New America</a></i> (1987)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sexual_Politics_of_Meat" title="The Sexual Politics of Meat">The Sexual Politics of Meat</a></i> (1990)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_Cooking_for_Everyone" title="Vegetarian Cooking for Everyone">Vegetarian Cooking for Everyone</a></i> (1997)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_China_Study" title="The China Study">The China Study</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Skinny_Bitch" title="Skinny Bitch">Skinny Bitch</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Livestock%27s_Long_Shadow" title="Livestock's Long Shadow">Livestock's Long Shadow</a></i> (2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Bloodless_Revolution_(book)" title="The Bloodless Revolution (book)">The Bloodless Revolution</a></i> (2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eating_Animals" title="Eating Animals">Eating Animals</a></i> (2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Why_We_Love_Dogs,_Eat_Pigs,_and_Wear_Cows" title="Why We Love Dogs, Eat Pigs, and Wear Cows">Why We Love Dogs, Eat Pigs, and Wear Cows</a></i> (2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Vegan_Studies_Project" title="The Vegan Studies Project">The Vegan Studies Project</a></i> (2015)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Animal_(De)liberation" title="Animal (De)liberation">Animal (De)liberation</a></i> (2016)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_End_of_Animal_Farming" title="The End of Animal Farming">The End of Animal Farming</a></i> (2018)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vegetable_Kingdom:_The_Abundant_World_of_Vegan_Recipes" class="mw-redirect" title="Vegetable Kingdom: The Abundant World of Vegan Recipes">Vegetable Kingdom</a></i> (2020)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Making_a_Stand_for_Animals" title="Making a Stand for Animals">Making a Stand for Animals</a></i> (2022)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Meat_Atlas" title="Meat Atlas">Meat Atlas</a></i> (annual)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_vegetarian_and_vegan_restaurants" title="List of vegetarian and vegan restaurants">Restaurants</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ben_%26_Esther%27s_Vegan_Jewish_Deli" title="Ben & Esther's Vegan Jewish Deli">Ben & Esther's Vegan Jewish Deli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinnaholic" title="Cinnaholic">Cinnaholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossroads_Kitchen" title="Crossroads Kitchen">Crossroads Kitchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Elephant_Vegetarian_Bistro" title="Green Elephant Vegetarian Bistro">Green Elephant Vegetarian Bistro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greens_Restaurant" title="Greens Restaurant">Greens Restaurant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth%27s_Gone_Raw" title="Elizabeth's Gone Raw">Elizabeth's Gone Raw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiltl_Restaurant" title="Hiltl Restaurant">Hiltl Restaurant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Pine_(restaurant)" title="Little Pine (restaurant)">Little Pine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moosewood_Restaurant" title="Moosewood Restaurant">Moosewood Restaurant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purezza" title="Purezza">Purezza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slutty_Vegan" title="Slutty Vegan">Slutty Vegan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Souley_Vegan" title="Souley Vegan">Souley Vegan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sound_Lounge,_London" title="The Sound Lounge, London">The Sound Lounge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veggie_Galaxy" title="Veggie Galaxy">Veggie Galaxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veggie_Grill" title="Veggie Grill">Veggie Grill</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cranks_(restaurant)" title="Cranks (restaurant)">Cranks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_for_Thought_(restaurant)" title="Food for Thought (restaurant)">Food for Thought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/InSpiral_Lounge" title="InSpiral Lounge">InSpiral Lounge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lentil_as_Anything" title="Lentil as Anything">Lentil as Anything</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minerva_Caf%C3%A9" title="Minerva Café">Minerva Café</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Riverside_Cafe" title="New Riverside Cafe">New Riverside Cafe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nix_(restaurant)" title="Nix (restaurant)">Nix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penny_Cafeteria" title="Penny Cafeteria">Penny Cafeteria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pink_Peacock" title="Pink Peacock">Pink Peacock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hollow_Reed" title="The Hollow Reed">The Hollow Reed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Pitman_Vegetarian_Hotel" title="The Pitman Vegetarian Hotel">The Pitman Vegetarian Hotel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_and_vegan_symbolism" title="Vegetarian and vegan symbolism">Vegetarian and vegan symbolism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juice_fasting" title="Juice fasting">Juice fasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_and_vegan_dog_diet" title="Vegetarian and vegan dog diet">Vegetarian and vegan dog diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegaphobia" 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