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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Approach to publishing and book design</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Open_access_(publishing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Open access (publishing)">Open access (publishing)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Accessible_Books_Consortium_explains_-_a_digital_file_is_not_necessarily_accessible.webm/220px--Accessible_Books_Consortium_explains_-_a_digital_file_is_not_necessarily_accessible.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="136" data-mwtitle="Accessible_Books_Consortium_explains_-_a_digital_file_is_not_necessarily_accessible.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Accessible_Books_Consortium_explains_-_a_digital_file_is_not_necessarily_accessible.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3b/Accessible_Books_Consortium_explains_-_a_digital_file_is_not_necessarily_accessible.webm/Accessible_Books_Consortium_explains_-_a_digital_file_is_not_necessarily_accessible.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3b/Accessible_Books_Consortium_explains_-_a_digital_file_is_not_necessarily_accessible.webm/Accessible_Books_Consortium_explains_-_a_digital_file_is_not_necessarily_accessible.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/Accessible_Books_Consortium_explains_-_a_digital_file_is_not_necessarily_accessible.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3b/Accessible_Books_Consortium_explains_-_a_digital_file_is_not_necessarily_accessible.webm/Accessible_Books_Consortium_explains_-_a_digital_file_is_not_necessarily_accessible.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3b/Accessible_Books_Consortium_explains_-_a_digital_file_is_not_necessarily_accessible.webm/Accessible_Books_Consortium_explains_-_a_digital_file_is_not_necessarily_accessible.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3b/Accessible_Books_Consortium_explains_-_a_digital_file_is_not_necessarily_accessible.webm/Accessible_Books_Consortium_explains_-_a_digital_file_is_not_necessarily_accessible.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3b/Accessible_Books_Consortium_explains_-_a_digital_file_is_not_necessarily_accessible.webm/Accessible_Books_Consortium_explains_-_a_digital_file_is_not_necessarily_accessible.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3b/Accessible_Books_Consortium_explains_-_a_digital_file_is_not_necessarily_accessible.webm/Accessible_Books_Consortium_explains_-_a_digital_file_is_not_necessarily_accessible.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AAccessible_Books_Consortium_explains_-_a_digital_file_is_not_necessarily_accessible.webm&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></video></span><figcaption>An example of someone using a <a href="/wiki/Screen_reader" title="Screen reader">screen reader</a> showing documents that are inaccessible, readable and accessible</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Accessible publishing</b> is an approach to <a href="/wiki/Publishing" title="Publishing">publishing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Book_design" title="Book design">book design</a> whereby books and other texts are made available in alternative formats designed to aid or replace the reading process. It is particularly relevant for people who are blind, <a href="/wiki/Visual_impairment" title="Visual impairment">visually impaired</a> or otherwise <a href="/wiki/Print_disability" title="Print disability">print-disabled</a>. </p><p>Alternative formats that have been developed to aid different people to read include varieties of larger <a href="/wiki/Font" title="Font">fonts</a>, specialised fonts for certain kinds of <a href="/wiki/Reading_disability" title="Reading disability">reading disabilities</a>, <a href="/wiki/Braille" title="Braille">braille</a>, <a href="/wiki/E-books" class="mw-redirect" title="E-books">e-books</a>, and automated <a href="/wiki/Audiobook" title="Audiobook">audiobooks</a> and <a href="/wiki/DAISY_Digital_Talking_Book" class="mw-redirect" title="DAISY Digital Talking Book">DAISY</a> digital talking books. </p><p>Accessible publishing has been made easier through developments in technology such as <a href="/wiki/Print_on_demand" title="Print on demand">print on demand</a> (POD), <a href="/wiki/E-book_reader" class="mw-redirect" title="E-book reader">e-book readers</a>, the <a href="/wiki/XML" title="XML">XML</a> structured data format, the <a href="/wiki/EPUB" title="EPUB">EPUB3</a> format and the <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aim">Aim</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Accessible_publishing&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Aim"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The aim of accessible publishing is to make reading easier for those who have difficulties doing so. This group includes people who are blind or who have low vision, people with learning disabilities, and people who are learning a second language. Accessible publishing also aims to allow people to read whichever format allows them to read fastest or allows them to absorb the information in a better way. </p><p>In the twenty-first century, the accessible publishing aim is to make every book available in all formats so that every reader can read with ease and proficiency. </p><p>Guidelines and techniques for publishing in accessible formats have been made available by several organisations and authors, including: </p> <ul><li>EDItEUR: "Accessible Publishing - Best Practice Guidelines for Publishers".<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Matt Garrish: "Accessible <a href="/wiki/EPUB" title="EPUB">EPUB</a> 3" (freely available chapter from <i>EPUB 3 Best Practices</i> by Matt Garrish and Markus Gylling, O'Reilly, 2013).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>"Accessible Digital Media Guidelines" by the National Center for Accessible Media (NCAM).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>"Making <a href="/wiki/PDF" title="PDF">PDF</a> files accessible: guidelines for the DTP creation phase" by AcceDe PDF.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>"Make a PDF document accessible from <a href="/wiki/Adobe_InDesign" title="Adobe InDesign">Adobe InDesign</a> and <a href="/wiki/Adobe_Acrobat" title="Adobe Acrobat">Acrobat</a> Pro"<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>"Make a PDF document accessible from <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Word" title="Microsoft Word">Microsoft Word</a>"<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Accessible_publishing&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Before the 21st century, the publishing industry focused on the production of printed books. The predominant publishing theory, which stressed <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_scale" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of scale">economy of scale</a>, tended to make only one format of a given book available. In this way they could be mass-produced and made available for the general public. This model did not allow for any other format to be widely available, however. </p><p>There were a number of developments in technology that increased the accessibility of books. The first of these was the development of the <a href="/wiki/Braille" title="Braille">braille</a> writing system by <a href="/wiki/Louis_Braille" title="Louis Braille">Louis Braille</a> in 1821.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Then there was the development of audiobooks which originated from the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a> in 1931<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and became popularised by advances in recording and the use of voice actors. </p><p>In 1980, <a href="/wiki/Thorndike_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Thorndike Press">Thorndike Press</a> came into existence as a republisher of large print books.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thorndike bought the rights for large print versions of books from publishers and then republished them in a larger and more accessible format for people with reading difficulties. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recent_developments">Recent developments</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Accessible_publishing&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Recent developments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>New portable readers, such as the Victor Reader products<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Plextalk Pocket<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> handle talking books in a wide variety of formats including <a href="/wiki/DAISY_Digital_Talking_Book" class="mw-redirect" title="DAISY Digital Talking Book">DAISY Digital Talking Book</a>, <a href="/wiki/MP3" title="MP3">MP3</a>, text only, and many others. </p><p>New technology, such as introduced in the <a href="/wiki/Sony_Reader" title="Sony Reader">Sony Reader</a><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of 2004 and Amazon's <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Kindle" title="Amazon Kindle">Kindle</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 2007, provided the ability to alter the size of the font automatically. </p><p>ReadHowYouWant is another leader in developing this technology.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It works in partnership with publishers to make books available in all formats all across the world.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This includes specially designed fonts for <a href="/wiki/Dyslexia" title="Dyslexia">dyslexia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Macular_degeneration" title="Macular degeneration">macular degeneration</a> and line tracking problems. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Accessible_publishing&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Audiobook" title="Audiobook">Audiobook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braille_translator" title="Braille translator">Braille translator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_accessibility" title="Computer accessibility">Computer accessibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DAISY_Digital_Talking_Book" class="mw-redirect" title="DAISY Digital Talking Book">DAISY Digital Talking Book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Readability" title="Readability">Readability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tactile_alphabets_for_the_blind" class="mw-redirect" title="Tactile alphabets for the blind">Tactile alphabets for the blind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_accessibility" title="Web accessibility">Web accessibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_Content_Accessibility_Guidelines" title="Web Content Accessibility Guidelines">Web Content Accessibility Guidelines</a></li></ul> <p><b>Accessible publishers</b>: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BookShare" class="mw-redirect" title="BookShare">BookShare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Central_Library_for_the_Blind" title="German Central Library for the Blind">German Central Library for the Blind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Learning_Ally" title="Learning Ally">Learning Ally</a>, previously named Recording for the Blind & Dyslexic</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_Service_for_the_Blind_and_Physically_Handicapped" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped">National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Talking_Book_%26_Braille_Library" title="Washington Talking Book & Braille Library">Washington Talking Book & Braille Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_German_Audio_Book_Library_for_the_Blind" title="West German Audio Book Library for the Blind">West German Audio Book Library for the Blind</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Accessible_publishing&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">EDItEUR: "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.editeur.org/files/Collaborations/Accessibility/WIPO_v3.html">Accessible Publishing - Best Practice Guidelines for Publishers</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130502035420/http://www.editeur.org/files/Collaborations/Accessibility/WIPO_v3.html">Archived</a> May 2, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Version 3 September 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Matt Garrish: "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://shop.oreilly.com/product/0636920025283.do">Accessible EPUB 3</a>", in: Matt Garrish and Markus Gylling: <i>EPUB 3 Best Practices</i>. Sebastopol, CA: O'Reilly, 2013. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4493-2914-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4493-2914-3">978-1-4493-2914-3</a> (print) / <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4493-2529-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4493-2529-9">978-1-4493-2529-9</a> (e-book) / <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4493-2803-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4493-2803-0">978-1-4493-2803-0</a> (chapter as e-book).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Geoff Freed and Madeleine Rothberg: "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wgbh.org/foundation/services/ncam/accessible-digital-media-guidelines">Accessible Digital Media Guidelines</a>". The Carl and Ruth Shapiro Family National Center for Accessible Media (NCAM).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">AcceDe PDF: "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pdf-accessible.com/en/accede-manuals/">"Making PDF files accessible: guidelines for the DTP creation phase</a>". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130102193423/http://www.pdf-accessible.com/en/accede-manuals/">Archived</a> January 2, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">PDF accessibility: "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pdfaccessible.com/en/tutorials/training-indesign-acrobat-pro/">"Make a PDF document accessible from Adobe InDesign and Acrobat Pro</a>"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">PDF accessibility: "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pdfaccessible.com/en/tutorials/training-accessible-word/">"Make a PDF document accessible from Microsoft Word</a>"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKimbrough" class="citation web cs1">Kimbrough, Paula. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080120141540/http://www.brailler.com/braillehx.htm">"How Braille Began"</a>. <i>Enabling Technologies</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brailler.com/braillehx.htm">the original</a> on 20 January 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Enabling+Technologies&rft.atitle=How+Braille+Began&rft.aulast=Kimbrough&rft.aufirst=Paula&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brailler.com%2Fbraillehx.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAccessible+publishing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071012232024/http://www.audiobookquest.com/article5.html">"The History of Audiobooks"</a>. <i>Audiobook Quest</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.audiobookquest.com/article5.html">the original</a> on 12 October 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Audiobook+Quest&rft.atitle=The+History+of+Audiobooks&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.audiobookquest.com%2Farticle5.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAccessible+publishing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thorndike Press: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thorndike.gale.com/aboutus.aspx">About Thorndike Press</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thorndike Press: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thorndike.gale.com/PublicLibraries.aspx">Public Libraries</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.humanware.com/en-international/home">HumanWare</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Plextalk: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.plextalk.eu/en/top/products/ptp1/">Plextalk Pocket</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sony <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://store.sony.com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/CategoryDisplay?catalogId=10551&storeId=10151&langId=-1&categoryId=8198552921644523779">Reader Digital Book</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Amazon: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Kindle-Amazons-Wireless-Reading-Device/dp/B000FI73MA">Kindle: Amazon's Original Wireless Reading Device (1st generation)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">DAISY Consortium: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.daisy.org/member/274/ReadHowYouWant%20Pty%20Ltd">Member Detail: ReadHowYouWant Pty Ltd</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">ReadHowYouWant: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.readhowyouwant.com/pages_about/publishers.aspx">Publishers</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080705220543/http://www.readhowyouwant.com/pages_about/publishers.aspx">Archived</a> 2008-07-05 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Accessible_publishing&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/nls/">National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped</a> (U.S. Library of Congress) distributes braille materials and Talking Books (custom analog and digital formats) free to blind and low vision users in the United States.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nfb.org/programs-services/nfb-newsline">NFB-NEWSLINE</a> (non-profit) offers over 500 newspapers and magazines in a variety of accessible formats (including telephone, a website, email, and mobile app). A free service to blind and low vision US residents who qualify.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bookshare.org/">BookShare</a> (non-profit) offers books, newspapers, and magazines (in DAISY format) free to blind and low vision users who pay an annual membership fee.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080703154613/http://www.rfbd.org//">Recording for the Blind & Dyslexic</a> offers recorded books in custom digital formats free to blind and low vision users.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/">Project Gutenberg</a> is a library of public domain books in text format free for download.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://support.humanware.com/en-usa/support/find_content_for_stream">HumanWare</a> offers a large list of additional resources available for download.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://adod.idrc.ocadu.ca/">Accessible Digital Office Document (ADOD) Project</a>: techniques for creating accessible documents using various office suites such as <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office" title="Microsoft Office">Microsoft Office</a>, <a href="/wiki/OpenOffice.org" title="OpenOffice.org">OpenOffice.org</a>, <a href="/wiki/LibreOffice" title="LibreOffice">LibreOffice</a> and <a href="/wiki/IWork" title="IWork">iWork</a>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Braille_⠃⠗⠁⠊⠇⠇⠑" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Braille" title="Template:Braille"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Braille" title="Template talk:Braille"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Braille" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Braille"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Braille_⠃⠗⠁⠊⠇⠇⠑" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Braille" title="Braille">Braille</a><span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span>⠃⠗⠁⠊⠇⠇⠑</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Braille cell</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1829_braille" title="1829 braille">1829 braille</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_uniformity_of_braille_alphabets" title="International uniformity of braille alphabets">International uniformity</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_ASCII" title="Braille ASCII">ASCII braille</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_Patterns" title="Braille Patterns">Unicode braille patterns</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Braille scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:French-ordered_braille_alphabets" title="Category:French-ordered braille alphabets">French-ordered</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Braille" title="Albanian Braille">Albanian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Azeri_Braille" class="mw-redirect" title="Azeri Braille">Azerbaijani</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_Braille" title="Cantonese Braille">Cantonese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Catalan_Braille" title="Catalan Braille">Catalan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mainland_Chinese_Braille" title="Mainland Chinese Braille">Chinese (mainland Mandarin)</a> (largely reassigned)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Czech_Braille" title="Czech Braille">Czech</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Braille" title="Dutch Braille">Dutch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/English_Braille" title="English Braille">English</a> (<a href="/wiki/Unified_English_Braille" title="Unified English Braille">Unified English</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Esperanto_Braille" title="Esperanto Braille">Esperanto</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/French_Braille" title="French Braille">French</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_Braille" title="German Braille">German</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_braille" title="Ghanaian braille">Ghanaian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Guarani_Braille" title="Guarani Braille">Guarani</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Braille" title="Hawaiian Braille">Hawaiian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Braille" title="Hungarian Braille">Hungarian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/I%C3%B1upiaq_Braille" title="Iñupiaq Braille">Iñupiaq</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/IPA_Braille" title="IPA Braille">IPA</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Irish_Braille" title="Irish Braille">Irish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_Braille" title="Italian Braille">Italian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Braille" title="Latvian Braille">Latvian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Braille" title="Lithuanian Braille">Lithuanian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourgish_Braille" title="Luxembourgish Braille">Luxembourgish</a> (extended to 8-dot)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maltese_Braille" title="Maltese Braille">Maltese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_Braille" title="Māori Braille">Māori</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Navajo_Braille" title="Navajo Braille">Navajo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_braille" title="Nigerian braille">Nigerian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Braille" title="Philippine Braille">Philippine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Polish_Braille" title="Polish Braille">Polish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Braille" title="Portuguese Braille">Portuguese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Braille" title="Romanian Braille">Romanian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Samoan_Braille" title="Samoan Braille">Samoan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Braille" title="Slovak Braille">Slovak</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_African_braille" title="South African braille">South African</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Braille" title="Spanish Braille">Spanish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Braille" title="Taiwanese Braille">Taiwanese Mandarin</a> (largely reassigned)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Braille" title="Turkish Braille">Turkish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_Braille" title="Vietnamese Braille">Vietnamese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Braille" title="Welsh Braille">Welsh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Braille" title="Yugoslav Braille">Yugoslav</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Zambian_Braille" title="Zambian Braille">Zambian</a></span></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nordic family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Braille" title="Estonian Braille">Estonian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Faroese_Braille" title="Faroese Braille">Faroese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_Braille" title="Icelandic Braille">Icelandic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_Braille" title="Scandinavian Braille">Scandinavian</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Danish</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Finnish</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Greenlandic</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Northern_S%C3%A1mi_Braille" title="Northern Sámi Braille">Northern Sámi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Norwegian</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Swedish</span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Russian lineage family<br />i.e. <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_alphabets" title="Cyrillic alphabets">Cyrillic</a>-mediated scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Braille" title="Belarusian Braille">Belarusian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Braille" title="Bulgarian Braille">Bulgarian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_Braille" title="Kazakh Braille">Kazakh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_Braille" title="Kyrgyz Braille">Kyrgyz</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Braille" title="Mongolian Braille">Mongolian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Russian_Braille" title="Russian Braille">Russian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tatar_Braille" title="Tatar Braille">Tatar</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Braille" title="Ukrainian Braille">Ukrainian</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Egyptian lineage family<br />i.e. <a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic</a>-mediated scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arabic_Braille" title="Arabic Braille">Arabic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Persian_Braille" title="Persian Braille">Persian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Urdu_Braille" title="Urdu Braille">Urdu</a> (Pakistan)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indian lineage family<br />i.e. <a href="/wiki/Bharati_Braille" title="Bharati Braille">Bharati Braille</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Devanagari_Braille" title="Devanagari Braille">Devanagari (Hindi / Marathi / Nepali)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bengali_Braille" title="Bengali Braille">Bengali (Bangla / Assamese)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_Braille" title="Gujarati Braille">Gujarati</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kannada_Braille" title="Kannada Braille">Kannada</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Malayalam_Braille" title="Malayalam Braille">Malayalam</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Odia_Braille" title="Odia Braille">Odia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Braille" title="Punjabi Braille">Punjabi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sinhala_Braille" title="Sinhala Braille">Sinhala</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Braille" title="Tamil Braille">Tamil</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Telugu_Braille" title="Telugu Braille">Telugu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Urdu_Braille" title="Urdu Braille">Urdu</a> (India)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ge%27ez_Braille" class="mw-redirect" title="Ge'ez Braille">Amharic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Braille" title="Armenian Braille">Armenian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Burmese_Braille" title="Burmese Braille">Burmese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dzongkha_Braille" title="Dzongkha Braille">Dzongkha</a> (Bhutanese)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Braille" title="Georgian Braille">Georgian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Greek_Braille" title="Greek Braille">Greek</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Braille" title="Hebrew Braille">Hebrew</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Inuktitut_Braille" title="Inuktitut Braille">Inuktitut</a> (reassigned vowels)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Khmer_Braille" title="Khmer Braille">Khmer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thai_and_Lao_Braille" title="Thai and Lao Braille">Thai and Lao</a> (Japanese vowels)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Braille" title="Tibetan Braille">Tibetan</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reordered</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Algerian_Braille" title="Algerian Braille">Algerian Braille</a> (obsolete)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Frequency-based</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/American_Braille" title="American Braille">American Braille</a> (obsolete)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Independent</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">Chinese semi-syllabaries</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_Braille" title="Cantonese Braille">Cantonese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mainland_Chinese_Braille" title="Mainland Chinese Braille">Mainland Chinese Mandarin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Braille" title="Taiwanese Braille">Taiwanese Mandarin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Two-cell_Chinese_Braille" title="Two-cell Chinese Braille">Two-cell Chinese (Shuangpin)</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Braille" title="Japanese Braille">Japanese</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Korean_Braille" title="Korean Braille">Korean</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eight-dot</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourgish_Braille" title="Luxembourgish Braille">Luxembourgish</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_kanji" title="Braille kanji">Kanji</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gardner%E2%80%93Salinas_braille_codes" title="Gardner–Salinas braille codes">Gardner–Salinas braille codes</a> (GS8)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Symbols in braille</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_music" title="Braille music">Braille music</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_currency_tactile_feature" title="Canadian currency tactile feature">Canadian currency marks</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Computer_Braille_Code" title="Computer Braille Code">Computer Braille Code</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gardner%E2%80%93Salinas_braille_codes" title="Gardner–Salinas braille codes">Gardner–Salinas braille codes</a> (science; GS8/GS6)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/IPA_Braille" title="IPA Braille">International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nemeth_Braille" title="Nemeth Braille">Nemeth braille code</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Braille_technology" title="Braille technology">Braille technology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_e-book" title="Braille e-book">Braille e-book</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_embosser" title="Braille embosser">Braille embosser</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_translator" title="Braille translator">Braille translator</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_watch" title="Braille watch">Braille watch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mountbatten_Brailler" title="Mountbatten Brailler">Mountbatten Brailler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Optical_braille_recognition" title="Optical braille recognition">Optical braille recognition</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Perforation" title="Perforation">Perforation</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Perkins_Brailler" title="Perkins Brailler">Perkins Brailler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Refreshable_braille_display" title="Refreshable braille display">Refreshable braille display</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Slate_and_stylus" title="Slate and stylus">Slate and stylus</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braigo" title="Braigo">Braigo</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Louis_Braille" title="Louis Braille">Louis Braille</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Barbier" title="Charles Barbier">Charles Barbier</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B3%C5%BCa_Czacka" title="Róża Czacka">Róża Czacka</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Valentin_Ha%C3%BCy" title="Valentin Haüy">Valentin Haüy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harris_Mowbray" title="Harris Mowbray">Harris Mowbray</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thakur_Vishva_Narain_Singh" title="Thakur Vishva Narain Singh">Thakur Vishva Narain Singh</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sabriye_Tenberken" title="Sabriye Tenberken">Sabriye Tenberken</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Bell_Wait" title="William Bell Wait">William Bell Wait</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_Institute_of_America" title="Braille Institute of America">Braille Institute of America</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_Without_Borders" title="Braille Without Borders">Braille Without Borders</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japan_Braille_Library" title="Japan Braille Library">Japan Braille Library</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Braille_Association" title="National Braille Association">National Braille Association</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Category:Blindness_organizations" title="Category:Blindness organizations">Blindness organizations</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Category:Schools_for_the_blind" title="Category:Schools for the blind">Schools for the blind</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/American_Printing_House_for_the_Blind" title="American Printing House for the Blind">American Printing House for the Blind</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other <a href="/wiki/Tactile_alphabet" title="Tactile alphabet">tactile alphabets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Decapoint" title="Decapoint">Decapoint</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Moon_type" title="Moon type">Moon type</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/New_York_Point" title="New York Point">New York Point</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Night_writing" title="Night writing">Night writing</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vibratese" title="Vibratese">Vibratese</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Accessible publishing</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Braille_literacy" title="Braille literacy">Braille literacy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/RoboBraille" title="RoboBraille">RoboBraille</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Self-publishing" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Self-publishing" title="Template:Self-publishing"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Self-publishing" title="Template talk:Self-publishing"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Self-publishing" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Self-publishing"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Self-publishing" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Self-publishing" title="Self-publishing">Self-publishing</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Self-publishing<br />companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blurb,_Inc." title="Blurb, Inc.">Blurb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darkside_communication_group" title="Darkside communication group">Darkside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DiggyPOD" title="DiggyPOD">DiggyPOD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FastPencil" class="mw-redirect" title="FastPencil">FastPencil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FriesenPress" class="mw-redirect" title="FriesenPress">FriesenPress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lightning_Source" title="Lightning Source">Lightning Source</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llumina_Press" title="Llumina Press">Llumina Press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lulu_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lulu (company)">Lulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notion_Press" title="Notion Press">Notion Press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self_Publish,_Be_Happy" title="Self Publish, Be Happy">Self Publish, Be Happy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smashwords" title="Smashwords">Smashwords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trafford_Publishing" title="Trafford Publishing">Trafford Publishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wattpad" title="Wattpad">Wattpad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xlibris" title="Xlibris">Xlibris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xulon_Press" title="Xulon Press">Xulon Press</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Self-publishing#Publishing_platforms" title="Self-publishing">Self-publishing<br />e-book platforms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Amazon <a href="/wiki/Kindle_Direct_Publishing" title="Kindle Direct Publishing">Kindle Direct Publishing</a></li> <li>Apple <a href="/wiki/App_Store_(iOS)" class="mw-redirect" title="App Store (iOS)">App Store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnes_%26_Noble" title="Barnes & Noble">Barnes & Noble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blurb,_Inc." title="Blurb, Inc.">Blurb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bookmate" title="Bookmate">Bookmate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kobo_Inc." title="Kobo Inc.">Kobo Writing Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lightning_Source" title="Lightning Source">Lightning Source</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lulu_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lulu (company)">Lulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scribd" title="Scribd">Scribd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smashwords" title="Smashwords">Smashwords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wattpad" title="Wattpad">Wattpad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xlibris" title="Xlibris">Xlibris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xulon_Press" title="Xulon Press">Xulon Press</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/E-book" class="mw-redirect" title="E-book">E-book</a> <a href="/wiki/Digital_distribution" title="Digital distribution">digital <br />distribution</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Content_delivery_network" title="Content delivery network">platforms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Kindle" title="Amazon Kindle">Amazon Kindle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Books" title="Apple Books">Apple Book Store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archive_of_Our_Own" title="Archive of Our Own">Archive of Our Own</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnes_%26_Noble_Nook" title="Barnes & Noble Nook">Barnes & Noble Nook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FanFiction.Net" title="FanFiction.Net">FanFiction.Net</a> (aka Fiction Press)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Play_Books" title="Google Play Books">Google Play Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoopla_(digital_media_service)" title="Hoopla (digital media service)">Hoopla Digital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kindle_Direct_Publishing" title="Kindle Direct Publishing">Kindle Direct Publishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kindle_Store" title="Kindle Store">Kindle Store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kobo_Inc." title="Kobo Inc.">Kobo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lulu.com" title="Lulu.com">Lulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NoiseTrade" title="NoiseTrade">NoiseTrade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OverDrive,_Inc." title="OverDrive, Inc.">OverDrive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PocketBook_International" title="PocketBook International">PocketBook Reader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scribd" title="Scribd">Scribd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smashwords" title="Smashwords">Smashwords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wattpad" title="Wattpad">Wattpad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks" title="Wikibooks">Wikibooks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discontinued</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Reader" title="Sony Reader">Sony Reader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oyster_(company)" title="Oyster (company)">Oyster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pronoun_(publishing_platform)" title="Pronoun (publishing platform)"> Pronoun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vanity_press" title="Vanity press">Vanity publishers</a><br />(authors pay to <br />have their<br />books published)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Amazon <a href="/wiki/CreateSpace" title="CreateSpace">CreateSpace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/America_Star_Books" title="America Star Books">America Star Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Biographical_Institute" title="American Biographical Institute">American Biographical Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AuthorHouse" title="AuthorHouse">AuthorHouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Author_Solutions" title="Author Solutions">Author Solutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorrance_Publishing_Co." class="mw-redirect" title="Dorrance Publishing Co.">Dorrance Publishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Famous_Poets_Society" title="Famous Poets Society">Famous Poets Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IUniverse" title="IUniverse">iUniverse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poetry.com" title="Poetry.com">Poetry.com</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Library_of_Poetry" class="mw-redirect" title="International Library of Poetry">International Library of Poetry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tate_Publishing_%26_Enterprises" title="Tate Publishing & Enterprises">Tate Publishing & Enterprises</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vantage_Press" title="Vantage Press">Vantage Press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xlibris" title="Xlibris">Xlibris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xulon_Press" title="Xulon Press">Xulon Press</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Print_on_demand" title="Print on demand">Print on <br />demand</a> books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/America_Star_Books" title="America Star Books">America Star Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AuthorHouse" title="AuthorHouse">AuthorHouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DiggyPOD" title="DiggyPOD">DiggyPOD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Espresso_Book_Machine" title="Espresso Book Machine">Espresso Book Machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lightning_Source" title="Lightning Source">Lightning Source</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llumina_Press" title="Llumina Press">Llumina Press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lulu_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lulu (company)">Lulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trafford_Publishing" title="Trafford Publishing">Trafford Publishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xlibris" title="Xlibris">Xlibris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Self-printing<br />products and<br />custom<br />merchandise</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CafePress" title="CafePress">CafePress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Custom_Ink" title="Custom Ink">Custom Ink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etsy" title="Etsy">Etsy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redbubble" title="Redbubble">Redbubble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RushOrderTees" title="RushOrderTees">RushOrderTees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shopify" title="Shopify">Shopify</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shutterfly" title="Shutterfly">Shutterfly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spread_Group" title="Spread Group">Spreadshirt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TeePublic" title="TeePublic">TeePublic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teespring" title="Teespring">Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vistaprint" title="Vistaprint">Vistaprint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zazzle" title="Zazzle">Zazzle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3D_printing" title="3D printing">3D printing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3D_printing_marketplace" title="3D printing marketplace">3D printing marketplace</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Accessible publishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_media" title="Alternative media">Alternative media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amateur_press_association" title="Amateur press association">Amateur press association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Article_processing_charge" title="Article processing charge">Article processing charge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Little_Presses" title="Association of Little Presses">Association of Little Presses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Author_mill" title="Author mill">Author mill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Bird" title="Bill Bird">Bill Bird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bootleg_recording" title="Bootleg recording">Bootleg recording</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_small_press_comics" title="British small press comics">British small press comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Custom_media" title="Custom media">Custom media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desktop_publishing" title="Desktop publishing">Desktop publishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_printing" title="Digital printing">Digital printing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C5%8Djin" class="mw-redirect" title="Dōjin">Dōjin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamic_publishing" title="Dynamic publishing">Dynamic publishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fan_fiction" title="Fan fiction">Fan fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fanzine" title="Fanzine">Fanzine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_music" title="Independent music">Independent music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_language_small_presses" class="mw-redirect" title="List of English language small presses">List of English language small presses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_literary_magazines" title="List of literary magazines">List of literary magazines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_self-publishing_companies" title="List of self-publishing companies">List of self-publishing companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literary_presses" class="mw-redirect" title="Literary presses">Literary presses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnitizdat" title="Magnitizdat">Magnitizdat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_customization" title="Mass customization">Mass customization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mimeo_Revolution" title="Mimeo Revolution">Mimeo Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offset_printing" title="Offset printing">Offset printing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personalization" title="Personalization">Personalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Predatory_open_access_publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Predatory open access publishing">Predatory open access publishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Print_on_demand" title="Print on demand">Print on demand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_press" title="Private press">Private press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samizdat" title="Samizdat">Samizdat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self_Publish,_Be_Happy" title="Self Publish, Be Happy">Self Publish, Be Happy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Self-published_books" title="Category:Self-published books">Category:Self-published books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Self-publishing_companies" title="Category:Self-publishing companies">Category:Self-publishing companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Self-publishing_online_stores" title="Category:Self-publishing online stores">Category:Self-publishing online stores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self_publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Self publishing">Self publishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Small magazine">Small magazine</a>/<a href="/wiki/Little_magazine" title="Little magazine">little magazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_press" title="Small press">Small press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_Press_Distribution" title="Small Press Distribution">Small Press Distribution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanity_award" title="Vanity award">Vanity award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanity_gallery" title="Vanity gallery">Vanity gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanity_label" title="Vanity label">Vanity label</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanity_press" title="Vanity press">Vanity press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variable_data_printing" title="Variable data printing">Variable data printing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web-to-print" title="Web-to-print">Web-to-print</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_fiction" title="Web fiction">Web fiction</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;;font-weight: bold;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Publishing" title="Category:Publishing">Publishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Self-publishing" title="Category:Self-publishing">Self-publishing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Accessible_publishing&oldid=1222819040">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Accessible_publishing&oldid=1222819040</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Publishing" title="Category:Publishing">Publishing</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Accessible_information" title="Category:Accessible 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