CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class='v2' dir='ltr' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml' xmlns:b='http://www.google.com/2005/gml/b' xmlns:data='http://www.google.com/2005/gml/data' xmlns:expr='http://www.google.com/2005/gml/expr'> <head> <link href='https://www.blogger.com/static/v1/widgets/3566091532-css_bundle_v2.css' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'/> <meta content='width=1100' name='viewport'/> <meta content='text/html; charset=UTF-8' http-equiv='Content-Type'/> <meta content='blogger' name='generator'/> <link href='http://www.righto.com/favicon.ico' rel='icon' type='image/x-icon'/> <link href='http://www.righto.com/2008/04/' rel='canonical'/> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Ken Shirriff's blog - Atom" href="http://www.righto.com/feeds/posts/default" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Ken Shirriff's blog - RSS" href="http://www.righto.com/feeds/posts/default?alt=rss" /> <link rel="service.post" type="application/atom+xml" title="Ken Shirriff's blog - Atom" href="https://www.blogger.com/feeds/6264947694886887540/posts/default" />  <meta content='http://www.righto.com/2008/04/' property='og:url'/> <meta content='Ken Shirriff's blog' property='og:title'/> <meta content='Computer history, restoring vintage computers, IC reverse engineering, and whatever' property='og:description'/> <title>Ken Shirriff's blog: April 2008</title> <style type='text/css'>@font-face{font-family:'Play';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-display:swap;src:url(//fonts.gstatic.com/s/play/v19/6aez4K2oVqwIvtg2H70Q13HqPA.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0460-052F,U+1C80-1C8A,U+20B4,U+2DE0-2DFF,U+A640-A69F,U+FE2E-FE2F;}@font-face{font-family:'Play';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-display:swap;src:url(//fonts.gstatic.com/s/play/v19/6aez4K2oVqwIvtE2H70Q13HqPA.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0301,U+0400-045F,U+0490-0491,U+04B0-04B1,U+2116;}@font-face{font-family:'Play';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-display:swap;src:url(//fonts.gstatic.com/s/play/v19/6aez4K2oVqwIvtY2H70Q13HqPA.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0370-0377,U+037A-037F,U+0384-038A,U+038C,U+038E-03A1,U+03A3-03FF;}@font-face{font-family:'Play';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-display:swap;src:url(//fonts.gstatic.com/s/play/v19/6aez4K2oVqwIvto2H70Q13HqPA.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0102-0103,U+0110-0111,U+0128-0129,U+0168-0169,U+01A0-01A1,U+01AF-01B0,U+0300-0301,U+0303-0304,U+0308-0309,U+0323,U+0329,U+1EA0-1EF9,U+20AB;}@font-face{font-family:'Play';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-display:swap;src:url(//fonts.gstatic.com/s/play/v19/6aez4K2oVqwIvts2H70Q13HqPA.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0100-02BA,U+02BD-02C5,U+02C7-02CC,U+02CE-02D7,U+02DD-02FF,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,U+1D00-1DBF,U+1E00-1E9F,U+1EF2-1EFF,U+2020,U+20A0-20AB,U+20AD-20C0,U+2113,U+2C60-2C7F,U+A720-A7FF;}@font-face{font-family:'Play';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-display:swap;src:url(//fonts.gstatic.com/s/play/v19/6aez4K2oVqwIvtU2H70Q13E.woff2)format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0000-00FF,U+0131,U+0152-0153,U+02BB-02BC,U+02C6,U+02DA,U+02DC,U+0304,U+0308,U+0329,U+2000-206F,U+20AC,U+2122,U+2191,U+2193,U+2212,U+2215,U+FEFF,U+FFFD;}</style> <style id='page-skin-1' type='text/css'></style> <style id='template-skin-1' type='text/css'></style> <meta content='width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=12.0, minimum-scale=.25, user-scalable=yes' name='viewport'/> <meta content='mw8ww70r3jW0GzXY6j1d' name='follow_it-verification-code'/> <link href='https://www.blogger.com/dyn-css/authorization.css?targetBlogID=6264947694886887540&zx=6fd23a04-bc1a-4aed-b46d-611afb4481ef' media='none' onload='if(media!='all')media='all'' rel='stylesheet'/><noscript><link href='https://www.blogger.com/dyn-css/authorization.css?targetBlogID=6264947694886887540&zx=6fd23a04-bc1a-4aed-b46d-611afb4481ef' rel='stylesheet'/></noscript> <meta name='google-adsense-platform-account' content='ca-host-pub-1556223355139109'/> <meta name='google-adsense-platform-domain' content='blogspot.com'/> </head> <body class='loading'> <div class='navbar no-items section' id='navbar'> </div> <div class='body-fauxcolumns'> <div class='fauxcolumn-outer body-fauxcolumn-outer'> <div class='cap-top'> <div class='cap-left'></div> <div class='cap-right'></div> </div> <div class='fauxborder-left'> <div class='fauxborder-right'></div> <div class='fauxcolumn-inner'> </div> </div> <div class='cap-bottom'> <div class='cap-left'></div> <div class='cap-right'></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class='content'> <div class='content-fauxcolumns'> <div class='fauxcolumn-outer content-fauxcolumn-outer'> <div class='cap-top'> <div class='cap-left'></div> <div class='cap-right'></div> </div> <div class='fauxborder-left'> <div class='fauxborder-right'></div> <div class='fauxcolumn-inner'> </div> </div> <div class='cap-bottom'> <div class='cap-left'></div> <div class='cap-right'></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class='content-outer'> <div class='content-cap-top cap-top'> <div class='cap-left'></div> <div class='cap-right'></div> </div> <div class='fauxborder-left content-fauxborder-left'> <div class='fauxborder-right content-fauxborder-right'></div> <div class='content-inner'> <header> <div class='header-outer'> <div class='header-cap-top cap-top'> <div class='cap-left'></div> <div class='cap-right'></div> </div> <div class='fauxborder-left header-fauxborder-left'> <div class='fauxborder-right header-fauxborder-right'></div> <div class='region-inner header-inner'> <div class='header section' id='header'><div class='widget Header' data-version='1' id='Header1'> <div id='header-inner' style='background-image: url("https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-4KXwYe0lQ4HFzhAye9vvRlij2ZYvMbfPCnqEE__1o85Fjo3XgefxJQhWRdwR3EzNWNMWT3yMaj2QZaT9GazqQx3C6oWa3-hBNlRHG7f-Oib-lv1Wq_C2_A0rt8xZgs87iNqzRVKK7H0A/s800/background.jpg"); background-position: left; width: 550px; min-height: 105px; _height: 105px; background-repeat: no-repeat; '> <div class='titlewrapper' style='background: transparent'> <h1 class='title' style='background: transparent; border-width: 0px'> <a href='http://www.righto.com/'> Ken Shirriff's blog </a> </h1> </div> <div class='descriptionwrapper'> <p class='description'><span>Computer history, restoring vintage computers, IC reverse engineering, and whatever</span></p> </div> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> <div class='header-cap-bottom cap-bottom'> <div class='cap-left'></div> <div class='cap-right'></div> </div> </div> </header> <div class='tabs-outer'> <div class='tabs-cap-top cap-top'> <div class='cap-left'></div> <div class='cap-right'></div> </div> <div class='fauxborder-left tabs-fauxborder-left'> <div class='fauxborder-right tabs-fauxborder-right'></div> <div class='region-inner tabs-inner'> <div class='tabs no-items section' id='crosscol'></div> <div class='tabs no-items section' id='crosscol-overflow'></div> </div> </div> <div class='tabs-cap-bottom cap-bottom'> <div class='cap-left'></div> <div class='cap-right'></div> </div> </div> <div class='main-outer'> <div class='main-cap-top cap-top'> <div class='cap-left'></div> <div class='cap-right'></div> </div> <div class='fauxborder-left main-fauxborder-left'> <div class='fauxborder-right main-fauxborder-right'></div> <div class='region-inner main-inner'> <div class='columns fauxcolumns'> <div class='fauxcolumn-outer fauxcolumn-center-outer'> <div class='cap-top'> <div class='cap-left'></div> <div class='cap-right'></div> </div> <div class='fauxborder-left'> <div class='fauxborder-right'></div> <div class='fauxcolumn-inner'> </div> </div> <div class='cap-bottom'> <div class='cap-left'></div> <div class='cap-right'></div> </div> </div> <div class='fauxcolumn-outer fauxcolumn-left-outer'> <div class='cap-top'> <div class='cap-left'></div> <div class='cap-right'></div> </div> <div class='fauxborder-left'> <div class='fauxborder-right'></div> <div class='fauxcolumn-inner'> </div> </div> <div class='cap-bottom'> <div class='cap-left'></div> <div class='cap-right'></div> </div> </div> <div class='fauxcolumn-outer fauxcolumn-right-outer'> <div class='cap-top'> <div class='cap-left'></div> <div class='cap-right'></div> </div> <div class='fauxborder-left'> <div class='fauxborder-right'></div> <div class='fauxcolumn-inner'> </div> </div> <div class='cap-bottom'> <div class='cap-left'></div> <div class='cap-right'></div> </div> </div>  <div class='columns-inner'> <div class='column-center-outer'> <div class='column-center-inner'> <div class='main section' id='main'><div class='widget Blog' data-version='1' id='Blog1'> <div class='blog-posts hfeed'> <div class="date-outer"> <div class="date-posts"> <div class='post-outer'> <div class='post hentry' itemprop='blogPost' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/BlogPosting'> <meta content='6264947694886887540' itemprop='blogId'/> <meta content='6955417856636538737' itemprop='postId'/> <a name='6955417856636538737'></a> <h3 class='post-title entry-title' itemprop='name'> <a href='http://www.righto.com/2008/04/idioms-and-patterns-in-arc.html'>Idioms for programming in Arc</a> </h3> <div class='post-header'> <div class='post-header-line-1'></div> </div> <div class='post-body entry-content' id='post-body-6955417856636538737' itemprop='description articleBody'> The code that implements Arc illustrates many useful programming techniques. Some of the techniques occur multiple times, and can be considered idioms of Arc programming; techniques that can be applied to many problems. This article describes some of the most common idioms, and how they can be used in Arc programming. The techniques described focus largely on macros and recursion. <h3>Macros</h3> Not surprisingly, given Paul Graham's enthusiasm for macros, Arc makes heavy use of macros. A few idioms appear commonly in the code. <h4>"Decorated body"</h4> The most common use of macros in Arc is something I call the "decorated body", which wraps a chunk of body code with something to extend it, analogous to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decorator_pattern">decorator design pattern</a>. Typically the decorator will set something up before executing the body code, as in <a href="/doc/io.html#w%2foutstring">w/outstring</a>, <a href="/doc/table.html#w%2ftable">w/table</a>, and <a href="/doc/io.html#fromstring">fromstring</a>. (Note: the link for each operation goes to the documentation. Clicking on the code icon in the documentation will show the code for the operation.) The pattern is also used to set something up before execution and then clean up afterwards. This is especially useful for file operations, as in <a href="http://www.righto.com/doc/io.html#w%2finfile">w/infile</a>, <a href="http://www.righto.com/doc/io.html#w%2foutfile">w/outfile</a>, and <a href="http://www.righto.com/doc/io.html#w%2finstring">w/instring</a>. These macros often have names starting with "w/", short for "with/", indicating what they are providing to the body. The <a href="http://www.righto.com/doc/html.html">HTML library</a> makes heavy use of this idiom, for example in <a href="http://www.righto.com/doc/html.html#tag">tag</a>, <a href="http://www.righto.com/doc/html.html#form">form</a>, and <a href="http://www.righto.com/doc/html.html#cdata">cdata</a>, which wrap the body in various HTML opening and closing tags. <p> To examine the implementation of this idiom, consider <a href="/doc/variables.html#let">let</a>, which is defined as: <pre class="code"> (mac let (var val . body) `(with (,var ,val) ,@body)) </pre> The typical features of this idiom are a macro definition with argument <code> . body</code> to pick up the remainder of the arguments, a macro definition starting with quasiquote <code>`</code>, and unquote-splicing <code>,@body</code> to substitute the body code into the macro. The macro performs simple substitution: <pre class="arc"> arc> (macex1 '(let foo 42 body1 body2)) (with (foo 42) body1 body2) </pre> <h4>Macro for control of evaluation</h4> Unlike functions, macros receive their arguments unevaluated. This allows macros to be used for <a href="/doc/conditionals.html">conditional</a> execution of code, or to execute code multiple times <a href="/doc/iteration.html">iteratively</a>. Some examples are <a href="http://www.righto.com/doc/conditionals.html#when">when</a>, <a href="http://www.righto.com/doc/conditionals.html#unless">unless</a>, <a href="http://www.righto.com/doc/iteration.html#while">while</a>, and <a href="http://www.righto.com/doc/iteration.html#for">for</a>. <p> (You might expect <a href="http://www.righto.com/doc/conditionals.html#if">if</a> to be a macro. It is actually a built-in special form, since conditional macros need to be based on some underlying conditional form.) <p> The code for <a href="http://www.righto.com/doc/iteration.html#repeat">repeat</a> illustrates that this idiom also uses the <code>,@body</code> structure as "decorated body": <pre class="code"> (mac repeat (n . body) `(for ,(uniq) 1 ,n ,@body)) </pre> <h4>Macro as lambda adapter</h4> A variant of the body decorator is to use a macro to convert body code into a lambda function, which is similar to an <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adapter_pattern">adapter design pattern</a>. This idiom is used when a function expects to receive a lambda function, but passing in body code is more convenient, especially when the base function is a Scheme primitive. Examples are <a href="http://www.righto.com/doc/threading.html#thread">thread</a>, <a href="/doc/atomic.html#atomic">atomic</a>, <a href="http://www.righto.com/doc/io.html#w%2fstdin">w/stdin</a>, and <a href="http://www.righto.com/doc/io.html#w%2fstdout">w/stdout</a>: <pre class="code"> (mac w/stdout (str . body) `(call-w/stdout ,str (fn () ,@body))) </pre> <pre class="arc"> arc> (macex '(w/stdout foo body1 body2)) (call-w/stdout foo (fn nil body1 body2)) </pre> <h4>Macro to create functions with parameters</h4> Another common macro idiom is to take a list of parameters and body code, and build a function out of these. This idiom is typically used to define a function that has special properties, and is often given a name that starts with "def". Some examples are <a href="http://www.righto.com/doc/anaphoric.html#rfn">rfn</a>, <a href="http://www.righto.com/doc/anaphoric.html#afn">afn</a>, <a href="http://www.righto.com/doc/variables.html#defmemo">defmemo</a>, <a href="http://www.righto.com/doc/srv.html#defop">defop</a>, <a href="http://www.righto.com/doc/srv.html#defopr">defopr</a>, <a href="http://www.righto.com/doc/srv.html#linkf">linkf</a>, and <a href="http://www.righto.com/doc/srv.html#rlinkf">rlinkf</a>. <p> The code for <code>defmemo</code> shows the key component of this idiom: <code>(fn ,parms ,@body)</code> to build the function out of the parameters and body. <pre class="code"> (mac defmemo (name parms . body) `(safeset ,name (memo (fn ,parms ,@body)))) </pre> <h4>Complex macros</h4> One irony is that even though though macros are extremely powerful, most of the macros in Arc perform simple substitutions. There are, however, some macros that perform complex manipulation of their arguments. Assignment is built from the <a href="http://www.righto.com/doc/setforms.html">setform</a> macro, which implements generalized variables through intricate macro processing of the arguments. Slightly less complex is <a href="http://www.righto.com/doc/combining.html#and">and</a>, which implements short-circuit evaluation by turning its arguments into nested <code>if</code> statements. Another interesting example is <a href="http://www.righto.com/doc/variables.html#with">with</a>; the macro splits up the arguments into variables and values: <pre class="arc"> arc> (macex '(with (a 1 b 2) (prn a b))) ((fn (a b) (prn a b)) 1 2) </pre> The <a href="http://www.righto.com/doc/string.html#litmatch">litmatch</a> macro performs string matching by generating code to perform a sequence of character comparisons. <pre class="arc"> arc> (macex '(litmatch "abc" foo)) ((fn (gs1442 gs1443) (unless (> (+ gs1443 3) (len gs1442)) (and (is #\a (gs1442 (+ gs1443 0))) (is #\b (gs1442 (+ gs1443 1))) (is #\c (gs1442 (+ gs1443 2)))))) foo 0) </pre> <h3>Recursion</h3> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tail_recursion">Tail recursion</a> is a standard Scheme technique for efficient recursion. If the last operation of a function is a recursive call, the compiler will use tail-call optimization to turn the recursion into iteration, avoiding creation of a stack frame on each call. <p> Iteration in Arc is built on top of tail recursion. Basic loop operations such as <a href="http://www.righto.com/doc/iteration.html#while">while</a>, <a href="http://www.righto.com/doc/iteration.html#loop">loop</a>, and <a href="http://www.righto.com/doc/iteration.html#whilet">whilet</a> use tail recursion on a function built from <a href="http://www.righto.com/doc/anaphoric.html#rfn">rfn</a>: <pre class="code"> (mac while (test . body) (w/uniq (gf gp) `((rfn ,gf (,gp) (when ,gp ,@body (,gf ,test))) ,test))) </pre> <h4>cdr-scanning</h4> <p> A typical idiom for scanning a list is to tail-recursively call the function on the <code>cdr</code> of the list. Some examples are <a href="http://www.righto.com/doc/list.html#reclist">reclist</a>, <a href="http://www.righto.com/doc/list.html#nthcdr">nthcdr</a>, <a href="http://www.righto.com/doc/list.html#last">last</a>, and <a href="http://www.righto.com/doc/list.html#rev">rev</a>. <p> The code for <a href="http://www.righto.com/doc/assoc.html#assoc">assoc</a> illustrates this idiom. If there is no match, <code>assoc</code> is called on the <code>cdr</code>, until the whole list has been scanned: <pre class="code"> (def assoc (key al) (if (atom al) nil (and (acons (car al)) (is (caar al) key)) (car al) (assoc key (cdr al)))) </pre> <h4>Tail-recursive string functions</h4> One idiom in Arc for using tail recursion with strings is to add an index parameter to the function. This index parameter indexes into the string, and by incrementing it in each call, the function can be made tail-recursive and doesn't require modifying the string. The index parameter is often made an optional parameter so "normal" uses of the function don't need to specify the index. Some examples of this idiom are <a href="http://www.righto.com/doc/string.html#recstring">recstring</a>, <a href="http://www.righto.com/doc/string.html#findsubseq">findsubseq</a>, <a href="http://www.righto.com/doc/app.html#indented-code">indented-code</a>, <a href="http://www.righto.com/doc/app.html#parabreak">parabreak</a>, and <a href="http://www.righto.com/doc/app.html#urlend">urlend</a>. <p> The code for <a href="http://www.righto.com/doc/string.html#headmatch">headmatch</a> illustrates this idiom; in this case the tail-recursion uses an <a href="/doc/anaphoric.html">anaphoric function</a>: <pre class="code"> (def headmatch (pat seq (o start 0)) (let p (len pat) ((afn (i) (or (is i p) (and (is (pat i) (seq (+ i start))) (self (+ i 1))))) 0))) </pre> <h4>Recursion with cons</h4> Many operations in Arc need to perform operations on a sequence and create a result list. The common Arc idiom is to recurse through a sequence, building up the result with <code>cons</code>. Specifically, a macro <code>(op seq)</code> will return the cons of something done to <code>(car seq)</code> and <code>(op (cdr seq))</code>. Thus, <code>op</code> recursively steps through <code>seq</code>, processing an element at a time and building up the result. This idiom provides an interesting contrast to the previous recursion examples because this idiom is not tail-recursive. Because the <code>cons</code> is applied to the result of the recursive function call, tail-call optimization cannot be applied. Several examples of this idiom are <a href="http://www.righto.com/doc/list.html#join">join</a>, <a href="http://www.righto.com/doc/list.html#rem">rem</a>, <a href="http://www.righto.com/doc/list.html#reinsert-sorted">reinsert-sorted</a>, <a href="http://www.righto.com/doc/list.html#pair">pair</a>, <a href="http://www.righto.com/doc/list.html#firstn">firstn</a>, <a href="http://www.righto.com/doc/list.html#firstn-that">firstn-that</a>, <a href="http://www.righto.com/doc/list.html#tuples">tuples</a>, and <a href="http://www.righto.com/doc/list.html#range">range</a>. <p> The code for <a href="http://www.righto.com/doc/list.html#map1">map1</a> illustrates this idiom: <pre class="code"> (def map1 (f xs) (if (no xs) nil (cons (f (car xs)) (map1 f (cdr xs))))) </pre> Note that <code>f</code> is applied to <code>(car xs)</code>, <code>map1</code> is called recursively on <code>(cdr xs)</code>, and the two are cons'd together. <h3>Miscellaneous</h3> The majority of the idioms I discuss are based on macros or recursion. This secion discusses some miscellaneous idioms that don't fit those categories. <h4>Push and reverse</h4> The "push and reverse" idiom is an efficient, but somewhat surprising way to generate a list. In this idiom, successive elements are pushed onto the front of the list, and when the entire list is generated, it is reversed to obtain the desired order. This is a well-known <a href="http://cybertiggyr.com/gene/lid/">Lisp idiom</a> and is more efficient than the obvious method of appending elements to the end of the list. Several examples of "push and reverse" are <a href="http://www.righto.com/doc/iteration.html#drain">drain</a>, <a href="http://www.righto.com/doc/list.html#dedup">dedup</a>, <a href="http://www.righto.com/doc/io.html#parse-format">parse-format</a>, <a href="http://www.righto.com/doc/string.html#litmatch">litmatch</a>, <a href="http://www.righto.com/doc/string.html#endmatch">endmatch</a>, and <a href="http://www.righto.com/doc/srv.html#handle-post">handle-post</a>. <p> The code for <a href="http://www.righto.com/doc/list.html#n-of">n-of</a> illustrates the idiom. Items are added with <a href="http://www.righto.com/doc/assignment.html#push">push</a> to an accumulator (<code>ga</code> in this case), and the accumulator is reversed with <a href="http://www.righto.com/doc/list.html#rev">rev</a> at the end: <pre class="code"> (mac n-of (n expr) (w/uniq ga `(let ,ga nil (repeat ,n (push ,expr ,ga)) (rev ,ga)))) </pre> <h4>String stdout</h4> Arc makes extensive use of an idiom I'll call "string stdout" because a string is used as stdout. The code writes multiple chunks to stdout, and the results are gathered into a string. This idiom avoids having to manually concatenate the components into the result string. The <a href="http://www.righto.com/doc/io.html#tostring">tostring</a> macro is used to implement this idiom. Arc has a surprisingly large number of macros that use this idiom, including <a href="http://www.righto.com/doc/io.html#readline">readline</a>, <a href="http://www.righto.com/doc/app.html#code-block">code-block</a>, <a href="http://www.righto.com/doc/app.html#unmarkdown">unmarkdown</a>, <a href="http://www.righto.com/doc/app.html#varfield">varfield</a>, <a href="http://www.righto.com/doc/app.html#markdown">markdown</a>, <a href="http://www.righto.com/doc/html.html#eschtml">eschtml</a>, <a href="http://www.righto.com/doc/html.html#striptags">striptags</a>, <a href="http://www.righto.com/doc/html.html#parafy">parafy</a>, <a href="http://www.righto.com/doc/string.html#subst">subst</a>, <a href="http://www.righto.com/doc/string.html#multisubst">multisubst</a>, and <a href="http://www.righto.com/doc/string.html#num">num</a>. <p> Typically, code using this idiom will use produce output with <code>pr</code> or <code>writec</code>, and use <code>tostring</code> to collect the output. The code for <a href="http://www.righto.com/doc/string.html#multisubst">multisubst</a> illustrates this: <pre class="code"> (def multisubst (pairs seq) (tostring (forlen i seq (iflet (old new) (find [begins seq (car _) i] pairs) (do (++ i (- (len old) 1)) (pr new)) (pr (seq i)))))) </pre> <p> The flip side of this idiom is the "string stdin" idiom, where a string is used as stdin. The "string stdin" idiom is rarely used; one example is <a href="http://www.righto.com/doc/io.html#parse-format">parse-format</a>. <h3>Summary</h3> The Arc code illustrates several common Arc idioms, some of which are well-known Scheme or Lisp idioms. Since Paul Graham is a Lisp expert, carefully studying his Arc code is a rewarding way to learn more about programming Lisp-like languages. <p> Undoubtedly I've missed some important idioms. Please let me know if your favorite idiom is missing, or if I've mangled the descriptions of any idioms. <div style='clear: both;'></div> </div> <div class='post-footer'> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-1'><span class='post-comment-link'> <a class='comment-link' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/6264947694886887540/6955417856636538737' onclick=''> 2 comments: </a> </span> <span class='post-icons'> <span class='item-action'> <a href='https://www.blogger.com/email-post/6264947694886887540/6955417856636538737' title='Email Post'> <img alt='' class='icon-action' height='13' src='http://img1.blogblog.com/img/icon18_email.gif' width='18'/> </a> </span> <span class='item-control blog-admin pid-1138732533'> <a href='https://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=6264947694886887540&postID=6955417856636538737&from=pencil' title='Edit Post'> <img alt='' class='icon-action' height='18' src='https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon18_edit_allbkg.gif' width='18'/> </a> </span> </span> <span class='post-backlinks post-comment-link'> </span> <div class='post-share-buttons goog-inline-block'> <a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-email' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=6264947694886887540&postID=6955417856636538737&target=email' target='_blank' title='Email This'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Email This</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-blog' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=6264947694886887540&postID=6955417856636538737&target=blog' onclick='window.open(this.href, "_blank", "height=270,width=475"); return false;' target='_blank' title='BlogThis!'><span class='share-button-link-text'>BlogThis!</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-twitter' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=6264947694886887540&postID=6955417856636538737&target=twitter' target='_blank' title='Share to X'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Share to X</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-facebook' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=6264947694886887540&postID=6955417856636538737&target=facebook' onclick='window.open(this.href, "_blank", "height=430,width=640"); return false;' target='_blank' title='Share to Facebook'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Share to Facebook</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-pinterest' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=6264947694886887540&postID=6955417856636538737&target=pinterest' target='_blank' title='Share to Pinterest'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Share to Pinterest</span></a> </div> </div> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-2'><span class='post-labels'> Labels: <a href='http://www.righto.com/search/label/arc' rel='tag'>arc</a> </span> </div> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-3'></div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> <div class="date-outer"> <div class="date-posts"> <div class='post-outer'> <div class='post hentry' itemprop='blogPost' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/BlogPosting'> <meta content='6264947694886887540' itemprop='blogId'/> <meta content='7970471716700777702' itemprop='postId'/> <a name='7970471716700777702'></a> <h3 class='post-title entry-title' itemprop='name'> <a href='http://www.righto.com/2008/04/many-arc-compilers-and-interpreters.html'>Many Arc compilers and interpreters</a> </h3> <div class='post-header'> <div class='post-header-line-1'></div> </div> <div class='post-body entry-content' id='post-body-7970471716700777702' itemprop='description articleBody'> The introduction of the Arc language has spawned a mini-boom of Arc compilers and interpreters implemented in everything from JavaScript to .NET. Because Arc is a fairly simple Lisp dialect, it is relatively straightforward to implement, and many people are using it to learn about compiler and interpreter design, and to showcase different implementation techniques and languages. <p> Paul Graham's <a href="http://arclanguage.org/install">official distribution</a> started it all, of course. This version is implemented in MzScheme and translates Arc into Scheme code. The writeup on <a href="http://www.righto.com/2008/02/arc-internals-part-1.html">Arc Internals</a> provides more information on how it is implemented. <p> The <a href="http://arclanguage.org/form">Arc Forum</a> is the site of most of the unofficial Arc development effort. The "Anarki" branches of Arc on <a href="https://github.com/nex3/arc">github</a> consist of a "stable" bug-fixed version of official Arc, and a more exploratory version with many modifications. (For information on using github, see <a href="http://www.righto.com/2008/02/git-and-anarki-arc-repository-brief.html">Brief Guide to Anarki and Git</a>. <p> Anarki includes "ac.sbcl.lisp", an implementation of Arc in SBCL. It implements closures using CPS (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuation-passing_style">Continuation-passing style)</a> transformations, but doesn't include threads or networking according to the <a href="http://arclanguage.org/item?id=5509">brief description</a>. <p> Perhaps the first reimplementation of Arc was ArcLite, which is Arc ported to JavaScript. This version of Arc is unique because it runs in the browser. The running version can be accessed <a href="http://halogen.note.amherst.edu/~jdtang/arclite/">online</a>. It provides a subset of functionality, omitting tail-call optimization, continuations, and various operations. <p> Rainbow (<i>l'arc en ciel</i> in French) is an implementation of Arc in Java. It is fairly complete, providing continuations and tail-call optimization according to the <a href="http://arclanguage.org/item?id=6002">description</a>. It is available at <a href="https://github.com/conanite/rainbow">github</a>. <p> An Arc compiler for .NET has been developed, based on the MBase compiler prototyping framework. The <a href="http://arclanguage.org/item?id=4715">description</a> states that it implements a subset of Arc, but is much faster than standard Arc. It is available from <a href="http://www.meta-alternative.net/techpreview.html">Meta Alternative</a>. <p> Currently under active development is "arc2c", which compiles Arc to C. Current status is at <a href="http://arclanguage.org/item?id=5818">arclanguage.org</a>. This compiler is intended to be a full, high-performance implementation of Arc. It uses CPS transformations to implement continuations. It uses the <a href="http://www.hpl.hp.com/personal/Hans_Boehm/gc/">Boehm garbage collector</a>. arc2c is available at <a href="https://github.com/sacado/arc2c">github</a>. <p> CL-Arc is a <a href="http://blackthorncentral.net/node/47">proposal</a> to compile Arc to Common Lisp; work hasn't started on it yet. <p> Many of these Arc implementations actively welcome participation. The future is likely to hold continuing improvement in the quality, functionality, and performance of Arc implementations, as well as surprising and unusual variants. <div style='clear: both;'></div> </div> <div class='post-footer'> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-1'><span class='post-comment-link'> <a class='comment-link' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/6264947694886887540/7970471716700777702' onclick=''> No comments: </a> </span> <span class='post-icons'> <span class='item-action'> <a href='https://www.blogger.com/email-post/6264947694886887540/7970471716700777702' title='Email Post'> <img alt='' class='icon-action' height='13' src='http://img1.blogblog.com/img/icon18_email.gif' width='18'/> </a> </span> <span class='item-control blog-admin pid-1138732533'> <a href='https://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=6264947694886887540&postID=7970471716700777702&from=pencil' title='Edit Post'> <img alt='' class='icon-action' height='18' src='https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon18_edit_allbkg.gif' width='18'/> </a> </span> </span> <span class='post-backlinks post-comment-link'> </span> <div class='post-share-buttons goog-inline-block'> <a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-email' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=6264947694886887540&postID=7970471716700777702&target=email' target='_blank' title='Email This'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Email This</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-blog' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=6264947694886887540&postID=7970471716700777702&target=blog' onclick='window.open(this.href, "_blank", "height=270,width=475"); return false;' target='_blank' title='BlogThis!'><span class='share-button-link-text'>BlogThis!</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-twitter' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=6264947694886887540&postID=7970471716700777702&target=twitter' target='_blank' title='Share to X'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Share to X</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-facebook' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=6264947694886887540&postID=7970471716700777702&target=facebook' onclick='window.open(this.href, "_blank", "height=430,width=640"); return false;' target='_blank' title='Share to Facebook'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Share to Facebook</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-pinterest' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=6264947694886887540&postID=7970471716700777702&target=pinterest' target='_blank' title='Share to Pinterest'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Share to Pinterest</span></a> </div> </div> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-2'><span class='post-labels'> Labels: <a href='http://www.righto.com/search/label/arc' rel='tag'>arc</a> </span> </div> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-3'></div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> <div class="date-outer"> <div class="date-posts"> <div class='post-outer'> <div class='post hentry' itemprop='blogPost' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/BlogPosting'> <meta content='/ajax/ajax.gif' itemprop='image_url'/> <meta content='6264947694886887540' itemprop='blogId'/> <meta content='8103971589909053546' itemprop='postId'/> <a name='8103971589909053546'></a> <h3 class='post-title entry-title' itemprop='name'> <a href='http://www.righto.com/2008/04/ajax-and-arc.html'>Ajax and Arc</a> </h3> <div class='post-header'> <div class='post-header-line-1'></div> </div> <div class='post-body entry-content' id='post-body-8103971589909053546' itemprop='description articleBody'> Ajax is surprisingly easy to use with the Arc language. This article shows how to implement Ajax-based autocompletion and dynamic page updates using the <a href="http://wiki.script.aculo.us/scriptaculous/">script.aculo.us</a> and <a href="http://prototypejs.org/">Prototype</a> JavaScript frameworks. These frameworks allow Ajax applications to be implemented with just a few lines of additional code. The hard work is done by the script.aculo.us and Prototype libraries. All the Arc code needs to do is provide the list of autocompletion candidates, and the dynamic page content. <h3>The example</h3> This example implements a simple Ajax input autocompleter and dynamic page update. For the autocompleter, as soon as you enter a few letters into the input, it provides a list of matching terms. As soon as you select a term, the page is dynamically updated with associated data, as in the following screenshot: <br> <img alt="screenshot" src="/ajax/ajax.gif" style="border:1px solid #000000;"> <br> For the purposes of the demonstration, the content is information on the countries of the world, obtained from the <a href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/">CIA World Factbook</a>. <p> To summarize how it all works: When you enter characters in the input field, the script.aculo.us autocompleter JavaScript sends the charaters to the Arc server, which returns the autocomplete suggestions. The autocompleter JavaScript displays the suggestions on the page. When you select a country, the updater JavaScript does three separate requests to the Arc server, to request the population, area, and capital. When the responses arrive, they are inserted into the page. <p> In more detail, the autocompletion is performed by <a href="http://wiki.script.aculo.us/scriptaculous/show/Ajax.Autocompleter">Ajax.Autocompleter</a>, and the dynamic updating is performed by <a href="http://www.prototypejs.org/api/ajax/updater">Ajax.Updater</a>. The control flow is: <ul> <li> The <code>Ajax.Autocompleter</code> associated with the <code>autocomplete</code> input and <code>autocomplete_choices</code> div sends inputs to <code>/auto_complete?prefix=<i>chars</i></code>. <li>The Arc handler sends back a formatted list of autocomplete candidates, e.g. <code> <ul><li>Iran</li><li>Iraq</li><li>Ireland</li></ul></code>. <li>The <code>Ajax.Autocompleter</code> displays the candidates in the <code>autocomplete</code> div. <li>When an autocompletion is selected, the <code>update</code> JavaScript function starts three <code>Ajax.Updater</code> instances, which send an Ajax request to URL <code>/getcontents?field=population&name=<i>value</i>, and similarly for area and capital in parallel. <li>The Arc handler for <code>getcontents</code> returns the desired contents. <li><code>Ajax.Updater</code> puts the contents into the <code>contents</code> div. </ul> <h3>Running the example</h3> First set up the necessary files. <ul> <li>Download <a href="/ajax/ajax.zip">ajax.zip</a> and uncompress it into the same directory that Arc runs in. This zip file provides <code>ajax.html</code>, <code>ajax.arc</code>, <code>data.arc</code>, and <code>autocomplete.css</code>. <li> Download the script.aculo.us library files from <a href="http://script.aculo.us/downloads">script.aculo.us</a>. Copy the <code>.js</code> files from <code>lib</code> and <code>src</code> into the same directory that Arc runs in. </ul> Next, start up the Arc interpreter, load the <code>ajax.arc</code> file, and start the web server. <pre class="arc"> arc> (load "ajax.arc") arc> (thread (serve 8080)) arc> ready to serve port 8080 </pre> Then go to <a href="http://localhost:8080/ajax.html">http://localhost:8080/ajax.html</a>. (Unfortunately I don't have a live demo on a public machine. If anyone sets one up, let me know and I'll add a link here.) <p> Start typing in the box, and you should see a dropdown with autocompleted choices. Click one, and the code will be displayed below asynchronously. <h3>The Arc code</h3> The Arc server code is in <a href="/ajax/ajax.arc"><code>ajax.arc</code></a>. Two Arc handlers are implemented to provide the client-side Ajax support. The first, <code>auto_complete</code> receives the current input contents and returns a list of up to 10 autocompletion candidates formatted in HTML. The second handler, <code>getcontents</code> returns the dynamic content for the page, from the <code>database</code> table. Note that the handlers do nothing particularly special to make them "Ajax"; they are standard Arc web handlers based on <code>defop</code> and can be accessed directly through the browser. See <a href="http://www.righto.com/doc/srv.html">Arc Web Server</a> for more information on web serving with Arc. <pre class="code"> (defop auto_complete req (let prefix (downcase (arg req "prefix")) (prn (to-html-list (cut (startselts prefix keylist) 0 10))))) (defop getcontents req (with (field (arg req "field") name (arg req "name")) (if (is field "population") (prn ((database name) 1)) (is field "area") (prn ((database name) 2)) (is field "capital") (prn ((database name) 3))))) </pre> The handlers use a couple helpers; <code>startselts</code> returns the elements that match the autocomplete prefix and <code>to-html-list</code> wraps the elements in HTML list tags. <pre class="code"> ; Returns a list of elements that start with prefix (def startselts (prefix seq) (rem [no (begins (downcase _) prefix)] seq)) ; Wraps elts in HTML list tags (def to-html-list (elts) (tostring (prall elts "<ul><li>" "</li><li>") (pr "</li></ul>"))) </pre> The actual content is obtained from <a href="/ajax/data.arc"><code>data.arc</code></a>, which contains the information on each country as a list of lists. <pre class="code"> ("United States" "301,139,947" "9,826,630" "Washington, DC") </pre> Some simple code converts the list into a table called <code>database</code> indexed by country for easy lookup, and generates a sorted list of countries for use in autocompletion: <pre class="code"> (= database (table)) (w/infile inf "data.arc" (let datalist (sread inf nil) (each elt datalist (= (database (elt 0)) elt)))) (= keylist (mergesort < (keys database))) </pre> <p> For some reason, the default Arc web server <code>srv.arc</code> doesn't support <code>.js</code> files. The <code>ajax.arc</code> file modifies the server slightly to support these files: <pre class="code"> (= (srv-header* 'text/javascript) "HTTP/1.0 200 OK Content-Type: text/javascript; charset=UTF-8 Connection: close") (def static-filetype (sym) (let fname (string sym) (and (~find #\/ fname) (case (last (check (tokens fname #\.) ~single)) "gif" 'gif "jpg" 'jpg "css" 'text/css "txt" 'text/html "html" 'text/html "js" 'text/javascript )))) </pre> <h3>Debugging</h3> Several things can go wrong when trying to run the example. If the initial page doesn't load at all, something is probably wrong with the Arc server. If no autocompletion happens, the JavaScript may not be loading, or the Arc server may have problems. If the autocompletion shows up as a bulleted list, the CSS file is probably not loading. <p> The Arc code can be debugged in several ways. The first is to access the handlers directly. The autocomplete handler <a href="http://localhost:8080/auto_complete?prefix=a">http://localhost:8080/auto_complete?prefix=a</a> should return a bullet list of autocomplete suggestions. The contents handler: <a href="http://localhost:8080/getcontents?field=area&name=Algeria">http://localhost:8080/getcontents?field=area&name=Algeria</a> should return the dynamic contents value. <p> The Arc code can also be debugged by strategically inserting print statements such as: <pre class="code"> (write req (stderr)) </pre> This will display the request on the Arc console. <p> To debug Ajax, you can use Firefox plugins <a href="http://livehttpheaders.mozdev.org/">Live HTTP Headers</a> and <a href="http://www.getfirebug.com/">Firebug</a>. Live HTTP Headers lets you see the headers between the browser and the server, and is very helpful to determine if something is failing. Firebug allows much more in-depth JavaScript debugging. The browser's JavaScript console is also useful to see JavaScript errors. <p> This article has just scratched the surface of script.aculo.us and Ajax. More information is available at the <a href="http://script.aculo.us/">script.aculo.us</a> website or in <a href="https://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1934356018/rightocom">books</a>. <div style='clear: both;'></div> </div> <div class='post-footer'> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-1'><span class='post-comment-link'> <a class='comment-link' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/6264947694886887540/8103971589909053546' onclick=''> No comments: </a> </span> <span class='post-icons'> <span class='item-action'> <a href='https://www.blogger.com/email-post/6264947694886887540/8103971589909053546' title='Email Post'> <img alt='' class='icon-action' height='13' src='http://img1.blogblog.com/img/icon18_email.gif' width='18'/> </a> </span> <span class='item-control blog-admin pid-1138732533'> <a href='https://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=6264947694886887540&postID=8103971589909053546&from=pencil' title='Edit Post'> <img alt='' class='icon-action' height='18' src='https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon18_edit_allbkg.gif' width='18'/> </a> </span> </span> <span class='post-backlinks post-comment-link'> </span> <div class='post-share-buttons goog-inline-block'> <a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-email' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=6264947694886887540&postID=8103971589909053546&target=email' target='_blank' title='Email This'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Email This</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-blog' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=6264947694886887540&postID=8103971589909053546&target=blog' onclick='window.open(this.href, "_blank", "height=270,width=475"); return false;' target='_blank' title='BlogThis!'><span class='share-button-link-text'>BlogThis!</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-twitter' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=6264947694886887540&postID=8103971589909053546&target=twitter' target='_blank' title='Share to X'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Share to X</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-facebook' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=6264947694886887540&postID=8103971589909053546&target=facebook' onclick='window.open(this.href, "_blank", "height=430,width=640"); return false;' target='_blank' title='Share to Facebook'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Share to Facebook</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-pinterest' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=6264947694886887540&postID=8103971589909053546&target=pinterest' target='_blank' title='Share to Pinterest'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Share to Pinterest</span></a> </div> </div> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-2'><span class='post-labels'> Labels: <a href='http://www.righto.com/search/label/arc' rel='tag'>arc</a> </span> </div> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-3'></div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> <div class="date-outer"> <div class="date-posts"> <div class='post-outer'> <div class='post hentry' itemprop='blogPost' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/BlogPosting'> <meta content='6264947694886887540' itemprop='blogId'/> <meta content='5501711125039302189' itemprop='postId'/> <a name='5501711125039302189'></a> <h3 class='post-title entry-title' itemprop='name'> <a href='http://www.righto.com/2008/04/documentation-of-html-generation-in-arc.html'>Documentation of HTML generation in the Arc language</a> </h3> <div class='post-header'> <div class='post-header-line-1'></div> </div> <div class='post-body entry-content' id='post-body-5501711125039302189' itemprop='description articleBody'> I've created documentation of Arc's <a href="/doc/html.html">HTML generation</a> operations (from arc.arc). There are a lot of different functions there, but I've tried to cover them all. <div style='clear: both;'></div> </div> <div class='post-footer'> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-1'><span class='post-comment-link'> <a class='comment-link' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/6264947694886887540/5501711125039302189' onclick=''> No comments: </a> </span> <span class='post-icons'> <span class='item-action'> <a href='https://www.blogger.com/email-post/6264947694886887540/5501711125039302189' title='Email Post'> <img alt='' class='icon-action' height='13' src='http://img1.blogblog.com/img/icon18_email.gif' width='18'/> </a> </span> <span class='item-control blog-admin pid-1138732533'> <a href='https://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=6264947694886887540&postID=5501711125039302189&from=pencil' title='Edit Post'> <img alt='' class='icon-action' height='18' src='https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon18_edit_allbkg.gif' width='18'/> </a> </span> </span> <span class='post-backlinks post-comment-link'> </span> <div class='post-share-buttons goog-inline-block'> <a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-email' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=6264947694886887540&postID=5501711125039302189&target=email' target='_blank' title='Email This'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Email This</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-blog' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=6264947694886887540&postID=5501711125039302189&target=blog' onclick='window.open(this.href, "_blank", "height=270,width=475"); return false;' target='_blank' title='BlogThis!'><span class='share-button-link-text'>BlogThis!</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-twitter' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=6264947694886887540&postID=5501711125039302189&target=twitter' target='_blank' title='Share to X'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Share to X</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-facebook' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=6264947694886887540&postID=5501711125039302189&target=facebook' onclick='window.open(this.href, "_blank", "height=430,width=640"); return false;' target='_blank' title='Share to Facebook'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Share to Facebook</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-pinterest' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=6264947694886887540&postID=5501711125039302189&target=pinterest' target='_blank' title='Share to Pinterest'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Share to Pinterest</span></a> </div> </div> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-2'><span class='post-labels'> Labels: <a href='http://www.righto.com/search/label/arc' rel='tag'>arc</a> </span> </div> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-3'></div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> </div> <div class='blog-pager' id='blog-pager'> <span id='blog-pager-newer-link'> <a class='blog-pager-newer-link' href='http://www.righto.com/search?updated-max=2009-01-06T22:27:00-08:00&max-results=7&reverse-paginate=true' id='Blog1_blog-pager-newer-link' title='Newer Posts'>Newer Posts</a> </span> <span id='blog-pager-older-link'> <a class='blog-pager-older-link' href='http://www.righto.com/search?updated-max=2008-04-04T23:17:00-07:00&max-results=7' id='Blog1_blog-pager-older-link' title='Older Posts'>Older Posts</a> </span> <a class='home-link' href='http://www.righto.com/'>Home</a> </div> <div class='clear'></div> </div></div> </div> </div> <div class='column-left-outer'> <div class='column-left-inner'> <aside> </aside> </div> </div> <div class='column-right-outer'> <div class='column-right-inner'> <aside> <div class='sidebar section' id='sidebar-right-1'><div class='widget HTML' data-version='1' id='HTML2'> <div class='widget-content'> <style> @import url('https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Montserrat:300,400,500,700'); .form-preview { display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: center; margin-top: 30px; padding: clamp(17px, 5%, 40px) clamp(17px, 7%, 50px); max-width: 350px; min-height: 200px; border-radius: 6px; box-shadow: 0 5px 25px rgba(34, 60, 47, 0.25); } .form-preview, .form-preview *{ box-sizing: border-box; } .form-preview .preview-heading { width: 100%; } .form-preview .preview-heading h5{ margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; } .form-preview .preview-input-field { margin-top: 20px; width: 100%; } .form-preview .preview-input-field input { width: 100%; height: 40px; border-radius: 6px; border: 2px solid #e9e8e8; background-color: #fff; outline: none; } .form-preview .preview-input-field input::placeholder, .form-preview .preview-input-field input { opacity: 0.5; color: #000; font-family: "Montserrat"; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 20px; text-align: center; } .form-preview .preview-submit-button { margin-top: 10px; width: 100%; } .form-preview .preview-submit-button button { width: 100%; height: 40px; border: 0; border-radius: 6px; line-height: 0px; } .form-preview .preview-submit-button button:hover { cursor: pointer; } </style><form data-v-4c58e686="" action="https://api.follow.it/subscription-form/U3NBTmZKVkI1YVpCa000a0RCZHFiQ3FYMko1cWRTZTN6K3hJdWM2QWxJbE1uVXdXUHZZVzJVQzVLZGh5Y0RCVXB2d2JSTzBobGhuY0FsZnlHbVdFZ2VTN2Q4Vy84RnIxUTgzVlcrbXNIR0Y0aW93d3REM2J6VS9RL0gxWURnV1d8ZWN0YStwUWdWWUFiOTIyWDVGWjdYYVdGZEVNcC9qODZacjlwWXRIcEJQRT0=/8" method="post"><div data-v-4c58e686="" class="form-preview" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; border-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); position: relative;"><div data-v-4c58e686="" class="preview-heading"><h5 data-v-4c58e686="" style="font-family: Montserrat; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 12px; text-align: center;">Get new posts by email:</h5></div> <div data-v-4c58e686="" class="preview-input-field"><input data-v-4c58e686="" type="email" name="email" placeholder="Enter your email" spellcheck="false" /></div> <div data-v-4c58e686="" class="preview-submit-button"><button data-v-4c58e686="" type="submit" style="font-family: Montserrat; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 12px; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Subscribe</button></div></div></form> </div> <div class='clear'></div> </div><div class='widget HTML' data-version='1' id='HTML3'> <h2 class='title'>About the site</h2> <div class='widget-content'> <a href="https://www.righto.com/p/index.html">Contact info and site index</a> </div> <div class='clear'></div> </div><div class='widget PopularPosts' data-version='1' id='PopularPosts1'> <h2>Popular Posts</h2> <div class='widget-content popular-posts'> <ul> <li> <div class='item-thumbnail-only'> <div class='item-thumbnail'> <a href='http://www.righto.com/2025/03/mother-of-all-demos-usb-keyset-interface.html' target='_blank'> <img alt='' border='0' src='https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/blogger_img_proxy/AEn0k_uYm0eIOdpLSpTwNkM2VHZNrJJQioG_drOB0g7wNl8769z3dSJGaLpgnc5Ph11Xs6zxgYx0dreFy_OiM6VHdKL_tNtW2tEA9oFHOBKojijDegzvnAgHpPpQgut8xktcTHA=w72-h72-p-k-no-nu'/> </a> </div> <div class='item-title'><a href='http://www.righto.com/2025/03/mother-of-all-demos-usb-keyset-interface.html'>A USB interface to the "Mother of All Demos" keyset</a></div> </div> <div style='clear: both;'></div> </li> <li> <div class='item-thumbnail-only'> <div class='item-thumbnail'> <a href='http://www.righto.com/2025/03/pentium-microcde-rom-circuitry.html' target='_blank'> <img alt='' border='0' src='https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/blogger_img_proxy/AEn0k_tRkTiYmTEkYysfD2qpEBr_16ZLpiSh7x2J37TI3WcagRWvMytAnfW2ah6HwaupjzsPTnb77uCk6fCgPHd4J3WUU74dQgym3hiCLyb6SKiBd2xcLtRdrH-LbRyluHZbNHVK4gbMBRRXHFF0hERBYjE=w72-h72-p-k-no-nu'/> </a> </div> <div class='item-title'><a href='http://www.righto.com/2025/03/pentium-microcde-rom-circuitry.html'>Notes on the Pentium's microcode circuitry</a></div> </div> <div style='clear: both;'></div> </li> <li> <div class='item-thumbnail-only'> <div class='item-thumbnail'> <a href='http://www.righto.com/2024/05/blog-post.html' target='_blank'> <img alt='' border='0' src='https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/blogger_img_proxy/AEn0k_t9RbSx6ThRISqlt67vI-potCqxV4h7oX-xHsZrgy_XVrjd2Pr0lhpeipqsaFzS2gvWxw_fSbysQDnhn2PxaJTti4hqP8UKogwxo5JWSVEkScyQqToUz-zAO3ft8clqQrgwVxuy1Q6Htk5ELdFx-ymv=w72-h72-p-k-no-nu'/> </a> </div> <div class='item-title'><a href='http://www.righto.com/2024/05/blog-post.html'>Inside a vintage aerospace navigation computer of uncertain purpose</a></div> </div> <div style='clear: both;'></div> </li> <li> <div class='item-thumbnail-only'> <div class='item-thumbnail'> <a href='http://www.righto.com/2025/03/pentium-multiplier-adder-reverse-engineered.html' target='_blank'> <img alt='' border='0' src='https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/blogger_img_proxy/AEn0k_vjyQK7lLPrDNd223iCyZNGH4RReUqRSsvwHAblzwix2WBwihXQ5ihlMzPBflWjdQ6q1NGBva4ThNu8fZOkLIxwWEv8hJJSZm1jNs_PV3tjVSM-gclnxJZ6id672qWSp7D7pCZYfpF8vzKw=w72-h72-p-k-no-nu'/> </a> </div> <div class='item-title'><a href='http://www.righto.com/2025/03/pentium-multiplier-adder-reverse-engineered.html'>The Pentium contains a complicated circuit to multiply by three</a></div> </div> <div style='clear: both;'></div> </li> <li> <div class='item-thumbnail-only'> <div class='item-thumbnail'> <a href='http://www.righto.com/2009/08/multi-protocol-infrared-remote-library.html' target='_blank'> <img alt='' border='0' src='https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/blogger_img_proxy/AEn0k_suWfHB4K4hv04jU1It3ZSCYZciT0g2i7sYt1et_LFHjJklK2zSAgxHH0CKcWhS8NGsaGsUc8dztmenrn1v_l_mqK5IxQ8GOOaOW7CLc2AAvRY=w72-h72-p-k-no-nu'/> </a> </div> <div class='item-title'><a href='http://www.righto.com/2009/08/multi-protocol-infrared-remote-library.html'>A Multi-Protocol Infrared Remote Library for the Arduino</a></div> </div> <div style='clear: both;'></div> </li> <li> <div class='item-thumbnail-only'> <div class='item-thumbnail'> <a href='http://www.righto.com/2012/10/a-dozen-usb-chargers-in-lab-apple-is.html' target='_blank'> <img alt='' border='0' src='https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/blogger_img_proxy/AEn0k_ts3U9P3x84iGU9MeuMYBMrmAJlU8CByPMJgRRER5xg3dbnGa6huiR1AAnJNLMoVeO8h8yRSO0_pvr8RzSq6Rd2bnupsVvvzlP-zfg7bSRAd4G-VoK5wxpiSoeglhQ=w72-h72-p-k-no-nu'/> </a> </div> <div class='item-title'><a href='http://www.righto.com/2012/10/a-dozen-usb-chargers-in-lab-apple-is.html'>A dozen USB chargers in the lab: Apple is very good, but not quite the best</a></div> </div> <div style='clear: both;'></div> </li> <li> <div class='item-thumbnail-only'> <div class='item-thumbnail'> <a href='http://www.righto.com/2012/05/apple-iphone-charger-teardown-quality.html' target='_blank'> <img alt='' border='0' src='https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/blogger_img_proxy/AEn0k_u39Zx3eUkkcZoVKaRWYrKI5oy8aaIpVvklXsyY_mHyYDRfs5jOO64hlSZ-bEc4di1GZJHXTRi3RwYQ4kX7_Y6OnsNzmsGgSpKAaj94JfaRFPCB2Q-xvOMTOr81ObSCRV1Fm7iDKdr35Wo-sySTWtalrI8=w72-h72-p-k-no-nu'/> </a> </div> <div class='item-title'><a href='http://www.righto.com/2012/05/apple-iphone-charger-teardown-quality.html'>Apple iPhone charger teardown: quality in a tiny expensive package</a></div> </div> <div style='clear: both;'></div> </li> <li> <div class='item-thumbnail-only'> <div class='item-thumbnail'> <a href='http://www.righto.com/2014/09/mining-bitcoin-with-pencil-and-paper.html' target='_blank'> <img alt='' border='0' src='https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/blogger_img_proxy/AEn0k_vV4Aj_jtgiRpRiVpROCQQQk13NZhjiRZHYYrkywIrtNoqeVqrsfGmPlvoe6pojZOQyG2CMz2UClNYm88WaJ4s6H9ed-9PoN1tx_B6XsUUDZRb-_DVGfwLYfZU-iJTmxmRO=w72-h72-p-k-no-nu'/> </a> </div> <div class='item-title'><a href='http://www.righto.com/2014/09/mining-bitcoin-with-pencil-and-paper.html'>Mining Bitcoin with pencil and paper: 0.67 hashes per day</a></div> </div> <div style='clear: both;'></div> </li> </ul> <div class='clear'></div> </div> </div><div class='widget BlogSearch' data-version='1' id='BlogSearch1'> <h2 class='title'>Search This Blog</h2> <div class='widget-content'> <div id='BlogSearch1_form'> <form action='http://www.righto.com/search' class='gsc-search-box' target='_top'> <table cellpadding='0' cellspacing='0' class='gsc-search-box'> <tbody> <tr> <td class='gsc-input'> <input autocomplete='off' class='gsc-input' name='q' size='10' title='search' type='text' value=''/> </td> <td class='gsc-search-button'> <input class='gsc-search-button' title='search' type='submit' value='Search'/> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </form> </div> </div> <div class='clear'></div> </div><div class='widget Label' data-version='1' id='Label1'> <h2>Labels</h2> <div class='widget-content cloud-label-widget-content'> <span class='label-size label-size-2'> <a dir='ltr' href='http://www.righto.com/search/label/386'>386</a> </span> <span class='label-size label-size-3'> <a dir='ltr' href='http://www.righto.com/search/label/6502'>6502</a> </span> <span class='label-size label-size-2'> <a dir='ltr' href='http://www.righto.com/search/label/8008'>8008</a> </span> <span class='label-size label-size-3'> <a dir='ltr' href='http://www.righto.com/search/label/8085'>8085</a> </span> <span class='label-size label-size-4'> <a dir='ltr' href='http://www.righto.com/search/label/8086'>8086</a> </span> <span class='label-size label-size-2'> <a dir='ltr' href='http://www.righto.com/search/label/8087'>8087</a> </span> <span class='label-size label-size-2'> <a dir='ltr' href='http://www.righto.com/search/label/8088'>8088</a> </span> <span class='label-size label-size-3'> <a dir='ltr' href='http://www.righto.com/search/label/aerospace'>aerospace</a> </span> <span class='label-size label-size-3'> <a dir='ltr' href='http://www.righto.com/search/label/alto'>alto</a> </span> <span class='label-size label-size-3'> <a dir='ltr' href='http://www.righto.com/search/label/analog'>analog</a> </span> <span class='label-size label-size-3'> <a dir='ltr' href='http://www.righto.com/search/label/Apollo'>Apollo</a> </span> <span class='label-size label-size-3'> <a dir='ltr' href='http://www.righto.com/search/label/apple'>apple</a> </span> <span class='label-size label-size-4'> <a dir='ltr' href='http://www.righto.com/search/label/arc'>arc</a> </span> <span class='label-size label-size-3'> <a dir='ltr' href='http://www.righto.com/search/label/arduino'>arduino</a> </span> <span class='label-size label-size-3'> <a dir='ltr' href='http://www.righto.com/search/label/arm'>arm</a> </span> <span class='label-size label-size-2'> <a dir='ltr' href='http://www.righto.com/search/label/beaglebone'>beaglebone</a> </span> <span class='label-size label-size-3'> <a dir='ltr' href='http://www.righto.com/search/label/bitcoin'>bitcoin</a> </span> <span class='label-size label-size-1'> <a dir='ltr' href='http://www.righto.com/search/label/c%23'>c#</a> </span> <span class='label-size label-size-2'> <a dir='ltr' href='http://www.righto.com/search/label/cadc'>cadc</a> </span> <span class='label-size label-size-2'> <a dir='ltr' href='http://www.righto.com/search/label/calculator'>calculator</a> </span> <span class='label-size label-size-4'> <a dir='ltr' href='http://www.righto.com/search/label/chips'>chips</a> </span> <span class='label-size label-size-2'> <a dir='ltr' href='http://www.righto.com/search/label/css'>css</a> </span> <span class='label-size label-size-1'> <a dir='ltr' href='http://www.righto.com/search/label/datapoint'>datapoint</a> </span> <span class='label-size label-size-2'> <a dir='ltr' href='http://www.righto.com/search/label/dx7'>dx7</a> </span> <span class='label-size label-size-5'> <a dir='ltr' href='http://www.righto.com/search/label/electronics'>electronics</a> </span> <span class='label-size label-size-1'> <a dir='ltr' href='http://www.righto.com/search/label/f%23'>f#</a> </span> <span class='label-size label-size-1'> <a dir='ltr' href='http://www.righto.com/search/label/fairchild'>fairchild</a> </span> <span class='label-size label-size-2'> <a dir='ltr' href='http://www.righto.com/search/label/fpga'>fpga</a> </span> <span class='label-size label-size-2'> <a dir='ltr' href='http://www.righto.com/search/label/fractals'>fractals</a> </span> <span class='label-size label-size-2'> <a dir='ltr' href='http://www.righto.com/search/label/genome'>genome</a> </span> <span class='label-size label-size-2'> <a dir='ltr' href='http://www.righto.com/search/label/globus'>globus</a> </span> <span class='label-size label-size-1'> <a dir='ltr' href='http://www.righto.com/search/label/haskell'>haskell</a> </span> <span class='label-size label-size-1'> <a dir='ltr' href='http://www.righto.com/search/label/HP'>HP</a> </span> <span class='label-size label-size-2'> <a dir='ltr' href='http://www.righto.com/search/label/html5'>html5</a> </span> <span class='label-size label-size-3'> <a dir='ltr' href='http://www.righto.com/search/label/ibm'>ibm</a> </span> <span class='label-size label-size-3'> <a dir='ltr' href='http://www.righto.com/search/label/ibm1401'>ibm1401</a> </span> <span class='label-size label-size-2'> <a dir='ltr' href='http://www.righto.com/search/label/ibm360'>ibm360</a> </span> <span class='label-size label-size-4'> <a dir='ltr' href='http://www.righto.com/search/label/intel'>intel</a> </span> <span class='label-size label-size-2'> <a dir='ltr' href='http://www.righto.com/search/label/ipv6'>ipv6</a> </span> <span class='label-size label-size-3'> <a dir='ltr' href='http://www.righto.com/search/label/ir'>ir</a> </span> <span class='label-size label-size-2'> <a dir='ltr' href='http://www.righto.com/search/label/java'>java</a> </span> <span class='label-size label-size-2'> <a dir='ltr' href='http://www.righto.com/search/label/javascript'>javascript</a> </span> <span class='label-size label-size-3'> <a dir='ltr' href='http://www.righto.com/search/label/math'>math</a> </span> <span class='label-size label-size-3'> <a dir='ltr' href='http://www.righto.com/search/label/microcode'>microcode</a> </span> <span class='label-size label-size-2'> <a dir='ltr' href='http://www.righto.com/search/label/oscilloscope'>oscilloscope</a> </span> <span class='label-size label-size-3'> <a dir='ltr' href='http://www.righto.com/search/label/Pentium'>Pentium</a> </span> <span class='label-size label-size-2'> <a dir='ltr' href='http://www.righto.com/search/label/photo'>photo</a> </span> <span class='label-size label-size-4'> <a dir='ltr' href='http://www.righto.com/search/label/power%20supply'>power supply</a> </span> <span class='label-size label-size-4'> <a dir='ltr' href='http://www.righto.com/search/label/random'>random</a> </span> <span class='label-size label-size-5'> <a dir='ltr' href='http://www.righto.com/search/label/reverse-engineering'>reverse-engineering</a> </span> <span class='label-size label-size-2'> <a dir='ltr' href='http://www.righto.com/search/label/sheevaplug'>sheevaplug</a> </span> <span class='label-size label-size-3'> <a dir='ltr' href='http://www.righto.com/search/label/snark'>snark</a> </span> <span class='label-size label-size-3'> <a dir='ltr' href='http://www.righto.com/search/label/space'>space</a> </span> <span class='label-size label-size-2'> <a dir='ltr' href='http://www.righto.com/search/label/spanish'>spanish</a> </span> <span class='label-size label-size-2'> <a dir='ltr' href='http://www.righto.com/search/label/synth'>synth</a> </span> <span class='label-size label-size-4'> <a dir='ltr' href='http://www.righto.com/search/label/teardown'>teardown</a> </span> <span class='label-size label-size-2'> <a dir='ltr' href='http://www.righto.com/search/label/theory'>theory</a> </span> <span class='label-size label-size-1'> <a dir='ltr' href='http://www.righto.com/search/label/unicode'>unicode</a> </span> <span class='label-size label-size-2'> <a dir='ltr' href='http://www.righto.com/search/label/Z-80'>Z-80</a> </span> <div class='clear'></div> </div> </div><div class='widget BlogArchive' data-version='1' id='BlogArchive1'> <h2>Blog Archive</h2> <div class='widget-content'> <div id='ArchiveList'> <div id='BlogArchive1_ArchiveList'> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2025/'> 2025 </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(8)</span> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2025/03/'> March </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(3)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2025/02/'> February </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2025/01/'> January </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(4)</span> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2024/'> 2024 </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(21)</span> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2024/12/'> December </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2024/11/'> November </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2024/10/'> October </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2024/09/'> September </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(3)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2024/08/'> August </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2024/07/'> July </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2024/06/'> June </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2024/05/'> May </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2024/04/'> April </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2024/03/'> March </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2024/02/'> February </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(3)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2024/01/'> January </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(3)</span> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2023/'> 2023 </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(35)</span> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2023/12/'> December </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(4)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2023/11/'> November </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2023/10/'> October </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(3)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2023/09/'> September </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2023/08/'> August </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2023/07/'> July </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(3)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2023/05/'> May </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2023/04/'> April </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2023/03/'> March </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(4)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2023/02/'> February </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(5)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2023/01/'> January </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(8)</span> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2022/'> 2022 </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(18)</span> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2022/11/'> November </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(3)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2022/08/'> August </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2022/07/'> July </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2022/06/'> June </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2022/05/'> May </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2022/04/'> April </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(4)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2022/03/'> March </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2022/02/'> February </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(3)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2022/01/'> January </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2021/'> 2021 </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(26)</span> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2021/12/'> December </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(4)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2021/11/'> November </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2021/09/'> September </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2021/08/'> August </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2021/07/'> July </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2021/06/'> June </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2021/05/'> May </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2021/04/'> April </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2021/03/'> March </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(4)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2021/02/'> February </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(4)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2021/01/'> January </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(3)</span> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2020/'> 2020 </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(33)</span> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2020/12/'> December </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2020/11/'> November </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(3)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2020/10/'> October </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2020/09/'> September </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(4)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2020/08/'> August </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(5)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2020/07/'> July </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2020/06/'> June </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(3)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2020/05/'> May </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(4)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2020/04/'> April </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2020/03/'> March </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(5)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2020/01/'> January </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2019/'> 2019 </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(18)</span> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2019/11/'> November </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(3)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2019/10/'> October </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2019/09/'> September </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(3)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2019/08/'> August </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2019/07/'> July </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(4)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2019/04/'> April </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2019/02/'> February </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2019/01/'> January </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2018/'> 2018 </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(17)</span> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2018/12/'> December </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2018/09/'> September </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(4)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2018/08/'> August </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2018/06/'> June </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2018/05/'> May </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2018/04/'> April </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2018/03/'> March </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(3)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2018/02/'> February </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2018/01/'> January </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(4)</span> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2017/'> 2017 </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(21)</span> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2017/12/'> December </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(5)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2017/11/'> November </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2017/10/'> October </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(3)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2017/08/'> August </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2017/07/'> July </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2017/06/'> June </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2017/04/'> April </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2017/03/'> March </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2017/02/'> February </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2017/01/'> January </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2016/'> 2016 </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(34)</span> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2016/12/'> December </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2016/10/'> October </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(5)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2016/09/'> September </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(8)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2016/08/'> August </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2016/07/'> July </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(3)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2016/06/'> June </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(4)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2016/05/'> May </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2016/04/'> April </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2016/03/'> March </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2016/02/'> February </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(4)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2016/01/'> January </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(3)</span> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2015/'> 2015 </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(12)</span> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2015/12/'> December </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2015/11/'> November </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2015/10/'> October </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(3)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2015/08/'> August </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2015/05/'> May </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2015/03/'> March </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2015/02/'> February </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2014/'> 2014 </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(13)</span> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2014/12/'> December </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2014/10/'> October </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2014/09/'> September </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(3)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2014/05/'> May </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2014/03/'> March </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2014/02/'> February </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(5)</span> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2013/'> 2013 </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(24)</span> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2013/11/'> November </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2013/09/'> September </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(4)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2013/08/'> August </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(4)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2013/07/'> July </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(4)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2013/06/'> June </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2013/04/'> April </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2013/03/'> March </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2013/02/'> February </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2013/01/'> January </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(3)</span> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2012/'> 2012 </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(10)</span> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2012/12/'> December </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2012/11/'> November </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(5)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2012/10/'> October </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2012/05/'> May </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2012/03/'> March </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2012/02/'> February </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2011/'> 2011 </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(11)</span> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2011/12/'> December </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2011/07/'> July </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2011/05/'> May </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2011/04/'> April </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2011/03/'> March </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2011/02/'> February </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(3)</span> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2010/'> 2010 </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(22)</span> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2010/12/'> December </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2010/11/'> November </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(4)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2010/10/'> October </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(3)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2010/08/'> August </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2010/06/'> June </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2010/05/'> May </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2010/04/'> April </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(3)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2010/03/'> March </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(4)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2010/01/'> January </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2009/'> 2009 </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(22)</span> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2009/12/'> December </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2009/11/'> November </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(5)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2009/09/'> September </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2009/08/'> August </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(3)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2009/07/'> July </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2009/06/'> June </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(3)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2009/04/'> April </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2009/03/'> March </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(3)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2009/02/'> February </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2009/01/'> January </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate expanded'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy toggle-open'> ▼  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2008/'> 2008 </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(27)</span> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2008/07/'> July </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(3)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2008/06/'> June </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2008/05/'> May </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(3)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate expanded'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy toggle-open'> ▼  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2008/04/'> April </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(4)</span> <ul class='posts'> <li><a href='http://www.righto.com/2008/04/idioms-and-patterns-in-arc.html'>Idioms for programming in Arc</a></li> <li><a href='http://www.righto.com/2008/04/many-arc-compilers-and-interpreters.html'>Many Arc compilers and interpreters</a></li> <li><a href='http://www.righto.com/2008/04/ajax-and-arc.html'>Ajax and Arc</a></li> <li><a href='http://www.righto.com/2008/04/documentation-of-html-generation-in-arc.html'>Documentation of HTML generation in the Arc language</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2008/03/'> March </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(10)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='http://www.righto.com/2008/02/'> February </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(6)</span> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class='clear'></div> </div> </div></div> </aside> </div> </div> </div> <div style='clear: both'></div>  </div>  </div> </div> <div class='main-cap-bottom cap-bottom'> <div class='cap-left'></div> <div class='cap-right'></div> </div> </div> <footer> <div class='footer-outer'> <div class='footer-cap-top cap-top'> <div class='cap-left'></div> <div class='cap-right'></div> </div> <div class='fauxborder-left footer-fauxborder-left'> <div class='fauxborder-right footer-fauxborder-right'></div> <div class='region-inner footer-inner'> <div class='foot no-items section' id='footer-1'></div> <table border='0' cellpadding='0' cellspacing='0' class='section-columns columns-2'> <tbody> <tr> <td class='first columns-cell'> <div class='foot no-items section' id='footer-2-1'></div> </td> <td class='columns-cell'> <div class='foot no-items section' id='footer-2-2'></div> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>  <div class='foot section' id='footer-3'><div class='widget Attribution' data-version='1' id='Attribution1'> <div class='widget-content' style='text-align: center;'> Powered by <a href='https://www.blogger.com' target='_blank'>Blogger</a>. </div> <div class='clear'></div> </div></div> </div> </div> <div class='footer-cap-bottom cap-bottom'> <div class='cap-left'></div> <div class='cap-right'></div> </div> </div> </footer>  </div> </div> <div class='content-cap-bottom cap-bottom'> <div class='cap-left'></div> <div class='cap-right'></div> </div> </div> </div> <script type='text/javascript'> window.setTimeout(function() { document.body.className = document.body.className.replace('loading', ''); }, 10); </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.blogger.com/static/v1/widgets/2806328968-widgets.js"></script> <script type='text/javascript'> window['__wavt'] = 'AOuZoY4KYWuvWdAipdGS7HD21xes5Ruq_A:1744048171404';_WidgetManager._Init('//www.blogger.com/rearrange?blogID\x3d6264947694886887540','//www.righto.com/2008/04/','6264947694886887540'); _WidgetManager._SetDataContext([{'name': 'blog', 'data': {'blogId': '6264947694886887540', 'title': 'Ken Shirriff\x27s blog', 'url': 'http://www.righto.com/2008/04/', 'canonicalUrl': 'http://www.righto.com/2008/04/', 'homepageUrl': 'http://www.righto.com/', 'searchUrl': 'http://www.righto.com/search', 'canonicalHomepageUrl': 'http://www.righto.com/', 'blogspotFaviconUrl': 'http://www.righto.com/favicon.ico', 'bloggerUrl': 'https://www.blogger.com', 'hasCustomDomain': true, 'httpsEnabled': false, 'enabledCommentProfileImages': true, 'gPlusViewType': 'FILTERED_POSTMOD', 'adultContent': false, 'analyticsAccountNumber': 'UA-3782444-1', 'encoding': 'UTF-8', 'locale': 'en', 'localeUnderscoreDelimited': 'en', 'languageDirection': 'ltr', 'isPrivate': false, 'isMobile': false, 'isMobileRequest': false, 'mobileClass': '', 'isPrivateBlog': false, 'isDynamicViewsAvailable': true, 'feedLinks': '\x3clink rel\x3d\x22alternate\x22 type\x3d\x22application/atom+xml\x22 title\x3d\x22Ken Shirriff\x26#39;s blog - Atom\x22 href\x3d\x22http://www.righto.com/feeds/posts/default\x22 /\x3e\n\x3clink rel\x3d\x22alternate\x22 type\x3d\x22application/rss+xml\x22 title\x3d\x22Ken Shirriff\x26#39;s blog - RSS\x22 href\x3d\x22http://www.righto.com/feeds/posts/default?alt\x3drss\x22 /\x3e\n\x3clink rel\x3d\x22service.post\x22 type\x3d\x22application/atom+xml\x22 title\x3d\x22Ken Shirriff\x26#39;s blog - Atom\x22 href\x3d\x22https://www.blogger.com/feeds/6264947694886887540/posts/default\x22 /\x3e\n', 'meTag': '', 'adsenseHostId': 'ca-host-pub-1556223355139109', 'adsenseHasAds': false, 'adsenseAutoAds': false, 'boqCommentIframeForm': true, 'loginRedirectParam': '', 'view': '', 'dynamicViewsCommentsSrc': '//www.blogblog.com/dynamicviews/4224c15c4e7c9321/js/comments.js', 'dynamicViewsScriptSrc': '//www.blogblog.com/dynamicviews/2c423cb85ff27b65', 'plusOneApiSrc': 'https://apis.google.com/js/platform.js', 'disableGComments': true, 'interstitialAccepted': false, 'sharing': {'platforms': [{'name': 'Get link', 'key': 'link', 'shareMessage': 'Get link', 'target': ''}, {'name': 'Facebook', 'key': 'facebook', 'shareMessage': 'Share to Facebook', 'target': 'facebook'}, {'name': 'BlogThis!', 'key': 'blogThis', 'shareMessage': 'BlogThis!', 'target': 'blog'}, {'name': 'X', 'key': 'twitter', 'shareMessage': 'Share to X', 'target': 'twitter'}, {'name': 'Pinterest', 'key': 'pinterest', 'shareMessage': 'Share to Pinterest', 'target': 'pinterest'}, {'name': 'Email', 'key': 'email', 'shareMessage': 'Email', 'target': 'email'}], 'disableGooglePlus': true, 'googlePlusShareButtonWidth': 0, 'googlePlusBootstrap': '\x3cscript type\x3d\x22text/javascript\x22\x3ewindow.___gcfg \x3d {\x27lang\x27: \x27en\x27};\x3c/script\x3e'}, 'hasCustomJumpLinkMessage': false, 'jumpLinkMessage': 'Read more', 'pageType': 'archive', 'pageName': 'April 2008', 'pageTitle': 'Ken Shirriff\x27s blog: April 2008'}}, {'name': 'features', 'data': {}}, {'name': 'messages', 'data': {'edit': 'Edit', 'linkCopiedToClipboard': 'Link copied to clipboard!', 'ok': 'Ok', 'postLink': 'Post Link'}}, {'name': 'template', 'data': {'name': 'custom', 'localizedName': 'Custom', 'isResponsive': false, 'isAlternateRendering': false, 'isCustom': true}}, {'name': 'view', 'data': {'classic': {'name': 'classic', 'url': '?view\x3dclassic'}, 'flipcard': {'name': 'flipcard', 'url': '?view\x3dflipcard'}, 'magazine': {'name': 'magazine', 'url': '?view\x3dmagazine'}, 'mosaic': {'name': 'mosaic', 'url': '?view\x3dmosaic'}, 'sidebar': {'name': 'sidebar', 'url': '?view\x3dsidebar'}, 'snapshot': {'name': 'snapshot', 'url': '?view\x3dsnapshot'}, 'timeslide': {'name': 'timeslide', 'url': '?view\x3dtimeslide'}, 'isMobile': false, 'title': 'Ken Shirriff\x27s blog', 'description': 'Computer history, restoring vintage computers, IC reverse engineering, and whatever', 'url': 'http://www.righto.com/2008/04/', 'type': 'feed', 'isSingleItem': false, 'isMultipleItems': true, 'isError': false, 'isPage': false, 'isPost': false, 'isHomepage': false, 'isArchive': true, 'isLabelSearch': false, 'archive': {'year': 2008, 'month': 4, 'rangeMessage': 'Showing posts from April, 2008'}}}]); _WidgetManager._RegisterWidget('_HeaderView', new _WidgetInfo('Header1', 'header', document.getElementById('Header1'), {}, 'displayModeFull')); _WidgetManager._RegisterWidget('_BlogView', new _WidgetInfo('Blog1', 'main', document.getElementById('Blog1'), {'cmtInteractionsEnabled': false}, 'displayModeFull')); _WidgetManager._RegisterWidget('_HTMLView', new _WidgetInfo('HTML2', 'sidebar-right-1', document.getElementById('HTML2'), {}, 'displayModeFull')); _WidgetManager._RegisterWidget('_HTMLView', new _WidgetInfo('HTML3', 'sidebar-right-1', document.getElementById('HTML3'), {}, 'displayModeFull')); _WidgetManager._RegisterWidget('_PopularPostsView', new _WidgetInfo('PopularPosts1', 'sidebar-right-1', document.getElementById('PopularPosts1'), {}, 'displayModeFull')); _WidgetManager._RegisterWidget('_BlogSearchView', new _WidgetInfo('BlogSearch1', 'sidebar-right-1', document.getElementById('BlogSearch1'), {}, 'displayModeFull')); _WidgetManager._RegisterWidget('_LabelView', new _WidgetInfo('Label1', 'sidebar-right-1', document.getElementById('Label1'), {}, 'displayModeFull')); _WidgetManager._RegisterWidget('_BlogArchiveView', new _WidgetInfo('BlogArchive1', 'sidebar-right-1', document.getElementById('BlogArchive1'), {'languageDirection': 'ltr', 'loadingMessage': 'Loading\x26hellip;'}, 'displayModeFull')); _WidgetManager._RegisterWidget('_AttributionView', new _WidgetInfo('Attribution1', 'footer-3', document.getElementById('Attribution1'), {}, 'displayModeFull')); </script> </body> </html>