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href="#Usage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Usage </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Usage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Structure </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Structure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Structure subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-UML_class_diagram" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#UML_class_diagram"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 UML class diagram </div> </a> <ul id="toc-UML_class_diagram-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Object_adapter_pattern" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Object_adapter_pattern"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Object adapter pattern </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Object_adapter_pattern-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Class_adapter_pattern" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Class_adapter_pattern"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Class adapter pattern </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Class_adapter_pattern-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-A_further_form_of_runtime_adapter_pattern" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#A_further_form_of_runtime_adapter_pattern"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 A further form of runtime adapter pattern </div> </a> <ul id="toc-A_further_form_of_runtime_adapter_pattern-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Motivation_from_compile_time_solution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Motivation_from_compile_time_solution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4.1 Motivation from compile time solution </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Motivation_from_compile_time_solution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Run-time_adapter_solution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Run-time_adapter_solution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4.2 Run-time adapter solution </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Run-time_adapter_solution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Implementation_of_the_adapter_pattern" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Implementation_of_the_adapter_pattern"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 Implementation of the adapter pattern </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Implementation_of_the_adapter_pattern-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Java" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Java"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5.1 Java </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Java-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Python" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Python"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5.2 Python </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Python-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-C#" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#C#"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5.3 C# </div> </a> <ul id="toc-C#-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 References </div> </a> <ul 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id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Adapter pattern</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 24 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-24" aria-hidden="true" > 24 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%85%D8%B7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%88%D9%84" title="نمط المحول – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نمط المحول" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_(%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD)" title="Адаптер (шаблон) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Адаптер (шаблон)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patr%C3%B3_adaptador" title="Patró adaptador – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Patró adaptador" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adapt%C3%A9r_(n%C3%A1vrhov%C3%BD_vzor)" title="Adaptér (návrhový vzor) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Adaptér (návrhový vzor)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adapter_(Entwurfsmuster)" title="Adapter (Entwurfsmuster) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Adapter (Entwurfsmuster)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptador_(patr%C3%B3n_de_dise%C3%B1o)" title="Adaptador (patrón de diseño) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Adaptador (patrón de diseño)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%AF%D9%88%DB%8C_%D8%A2%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%BE%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1" title="الگوی آداپتور – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="الگوی آداپتور" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptateur_(patron_de_conception)" title="Adaptateur (patron de conception) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Adaptateur (patron de conception)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adapter_(padr%C3%B3n_de_dese%C3%B1o)" title="Adapter (padrón de deseño) – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Adapter (padrón de deseño)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%96%B4%EB%8C%91%ED%84%B0_%ED%8C%A8%ED%84%B4" title="어댑터 패턴 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="어댑터 패턴" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%BF%D5%A5%D6%80_(%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AD%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%AE%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B1%D6%87%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B4%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B7)" title="Ադապտեր (նախագծման ձևանմուշ) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ադապտեր (նախագծման ձևանմուշ)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adapter_pattern" title="Adapter pattern – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Adapter pattern" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illeszt%C5%91_programtervez%C3%A9si_minta" title="Illesztő programtervezési minta – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Illesztő programtervezési minta" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adapter_(ontwerppatroon)" title="Adapter (ontwerppatroon) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Adapter (ontwerppatroon)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adapter_%E3%83%91%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3" title="Adapter パターン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Adapter パターン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adapter_(wzorzec_projektowy)" title="Adapter (wzorzec projektowy) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Adapter (wzorzec projektowy)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adapter" title="Adapter – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Adapter" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_(%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Адаптер (шаблон проектирования) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Адаптер (шаблон проектирования)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adapt%C3%A9r_(n%C3%A1vrhov%C3%BD_vzor)" title="Adaptér (návrhový vzor) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Adaptér (návrhový vzor)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adapter_(designm%C3%B6nster)" title="Adapter (designmönster) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Adapter (designmönster)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" 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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Design pattern in computer programming</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid 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class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article may contain <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lists#List_size" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lists">excessive</a> or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view#Due_and_undue_weight" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">irrelevant</a> examples. Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Adapter_pattern&action=edit">improve the article</a> by adding descriptive text and removing <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Example_cruft" title="Wikipedia:Example cruft">less pertinent examples</a>. (January 2011)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> In <a href="/wiki/Software_engineering" title="Software engineering">software engineering</a>, the adapter pattern is a <a href="/wiki/Software_design_pattern" title="Software design pattern">software design pattern</a> (also known as <a href="/wiki/Wrapper_function" title="Wrapper function">wrapper</a>, an alternative naming shared with the <a href="/wiki/Decorator_pattern" title="Decorator pattern">decorator pattern</a>) that allows the <a href="/wiki/Interface_(computer_science)" class="mw-redirect" title="Interface (computer science)">interface</a> of an existing <a href="/wiki/Class_(computer_science)" class="mw-redirect" title="Class (computer science)">class</a> to be used as another interface.<a href="#cite_note-HeadFirst-1">[1]</a> It is often used to make existing classes work with others without modifying their <a href="/wiki/Source_code" title="Source code">source code</a>. An example is an adapter that converts the interface of a <a href="/wiki/Document_Object_Model" title="Document Object Model">Document Object Model</a> of an <a href="/wiki/XML" title="XML">XML</a> document into a tree structure that can be displayed. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adapter_pattern&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview">edit</a>]</div> The adapter<a href="#cite_note-GoF-2">[2]</a> design pattern is one of the twenty-three well-known <a href="/wiki/Gang_of_Four_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gang of Four (software)">Gang of Four</a> design patterns that describe how to solve recurring design problems to design flexible and reusable object-oriented software, that is, objects that are easier to implement, change, test, and reuse. The adapter design pattern solves problems like:<a href="#cite_note-Adapter_Design_Pattern-3">[3]</a> <ul><li>How can a class be reused that does not have an interface that a client requires?</li> <li>How can classes that have incompatible interfaces work together?</li> <li>How can an alternative interface be provided for a class?</li></ul> Often an (already existing) class can not be reused only because its interface does not conform to the interface clients require. The adapter design pattern describes how to solve such problems: <ul><li>Define a separate <code>adapter</code> class that converts the (incompatible) interface of a class (<code>adaptee</code>) into another interface (<code>target</code>) clients require.</li> <li>Work through an <code>adapter</code> to work with (reuse) classes that do not have the required interface.</li></ul> The key idea in this pattern is to work through a separate <code>adapter</code> that adapts the interface of an (already existing) class without changing it. Clients don't know whether they work with a <code>target</code> class directly or through an <code>adapter</code> with a class that does not have the <code>target</code> interface. See also the UML class diagram below. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definition">Definition</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adapter_pattern&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Definition">edit</a>]</div> An adapter allows two incompatible interfaces to work together. This is the real-world definition for an adapter. Interfaces may be incompatible, but the inner functionality should suit the need. The adapter design pattern allows otherwise incompatible classes to work together by converting the interface of one class into an interface expected by the clients. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Usage">Usage</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adapter_pattern&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Usage">edit</a>]</div> An adapter can be used when the wrapper must respect a particular interface and must support <a href="/wiki/Polymorphism_(computer_science)" title="Polymorphism (computer science)">polymorphic</a> behavior. Alternatively, a <a href="/wiki/Decorator_pattern" title="Decorator pattern">decorator</a> makes it possible to add or alter behavior of an interface at run-time, and a <a href="/wiki/Facade_pattern" title="Facade pattern">facade</a> is used when an easier or simpler interface to an underlying object is desired.<a href="#cite_note-Freeman_2004-4">[4]</a> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Pattern</th> <th>Intent </th></tr> <tr> <td>Adapter or wrapper</td> <td>Converts one interface to another so that it matches what the client is expecting </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Decorator_pattern" title="Decorator pattern">Decorator</a></td> <td>Dynamically adds responsibility to the interface by wrapping the original code </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Delegation_pattern" title="Delegation pattern">Delegation</a></td> <td>Support "composition over inheritance" </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Facade_pattern" title="Facade pattern">Facade</a></td> <td>Provides a simplified interface </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adapter_pattern&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Structure">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="UML_class_diagram">UML class diagram</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adapter_pattern&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: UML class diagram">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frame"><a href="/wiki/File:W3sDesign_Adapter_Design_Pattern_UML.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e5/W3sDesign_Adapter_Design_Pattern_UML.jpg" decoding="async" width="640" height="240" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="240" /></a><figcaption>A sample UML class diagram for the adapter design pattern.<a href="#cite_note-Structure-5">[5]</a></figcaption></figure> In the above <a href="/wiki/Unified_Modeling_Language" title="Unified Modeling Language">UML</a> <a href="/wiki/Class_diagram" title="Class diagram">class diagram</a>, the <code>client</code> class that requires a <code>target</code> interface cannot reuse the <code>adaptee</code> class directly because its interface doesn't conform to the <code>target</code> interface. Instead, the <code>client</code> works through an <code>adapter</code> class that implements the <code>target</code> interface in terms of <code>adaptee</code>: <ul><li>The <code>object adapter</code> way implements the <code>target</code> interface by delegating to an <code>adaptee</code> object at run-time (<code>adaptee.specificOperation()</code>).</li> <li>The <code>class adapter</code> way implements the <code>target</code> interface by inheriting from an <code>adaptee</code> class at compile-time (<code>specificOperation()</code>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Object_adapter_pattern">Object adapter pattern</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adapter_pattern&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Object adapter pattern">edit</a>]</div> In this adapter pattern, the adapter contains an instance of the class it wraps. In this situation, the adapter makes calls to the instance of the wrapped <a href="/wiki/Object_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Object (computing)">object</a>. <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ObjectAdapter.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/ObjectAdapter.png/300px-ObjectAdapter.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/ObjectAdapter.png 1.5x" data-file-width="386" data-file-height="277" /></a><figcaption>The object adapter pattern expressed in <a href="/wiki/Unified_Modeling_Language" title="Unified Modeling Language">UML</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Adapter(Object)_pattern_in_LePUS3.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Adapter%28Object%29_pattern_in_LePUS3.png/500px-Adapter%28Object%29_pattern_in_LePUS3.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1a/Adapter%28Object%29_pattern_in_LePUS3.png 1.5x" data-file-width="646" data-file-height="209" /></a><figcaption>The object adapter pattern expressed in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lepus3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lepus3 (page does not exist)">LePUS3</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Class_adapter_pattern">Class adapter pattern</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adapter_pattern&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Class adapter pattern">edit</a>]</div> This adapter pattern uses multiple <a href="/wiki/Subtyping" title="Subtyping">polymorphic interfaces</a> implementing or inheriting both the interface that is expected and the interface that is pre-existing. It is typical for the expected interface to be created as a pure <a href="/wiki/Interface_(Java)" title="Interface (Java)">interface</a> class, especially in <a href="/wiki/Programming_language" title="Programming language">languages</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Java_(programming_language)" title="Java (programming language)">Java</a> (before JDK 1.8) that do not support <a href="/wiki/Multiple_inheritance" title="Multiple inheritance">multiple inheritance</a> of classes.<a href="#cite_note-HeadFirst-1">[1]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ClassAdapter.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/ClassAdapter.png/300px-ClassAdapter.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/ClassAdapter.png 1.5x" data-file-width="379" data-file-height="290" /></a><figcaption>The class adapter pattern expressed in <a href="/wiki/Unified_Modeling_Language" title="Unified Modeling Language">UML</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Adapter(Class)_pattern_in_LePUS3.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Adapter%28Class%29_pattern_in_LePUS3.png/500px-Adapter%28Class%29_pattern_in_LePUS3.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/Adapter%28Class%29_pattern_in_LePUS3.png 1.5x" data-file-width="733" data-file-height="234" /></a><figcaption>The class adapter pattern expressed in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lepus3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lepus3 (page does not exist)">LePUS3</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="A_further_form_of_runtime_adapter_pattern">A further form of runtime adapter pattern</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adapter_pattern&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: A further form of runtime adapter pattern">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Motivation_from_compile_time_solution">Motivation from compile time solution</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adapter_pattern&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Motivation from compile time solution">edit</a>]</div> It is desired for <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-java mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">classA</code> to supply <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-java mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">classB</code> with some data, let us suppose some <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-java mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">String</code> data. A compile time solution is: <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-java mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>classB.setStringData(classA.getStringData()); </pre></div> However, suppose that the format of the string data must be varied. A compile time solution is to use inheritance: <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-java mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>public class Format1ClassA extends ClassA { @Override public String getStringData() { return format(toString()); } } </pre></div> and perhaps create the correctly "formatting" object at runtime by means of the <a href="/wiki/Factory_pattern" class="mw-redirect" title="Factory pattern">factory pattern</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Run-time_adapter_solution">Run-time adapter solution</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adapter_pattern&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Run-time adapter solution">edit</a>]</div> A solution using "adapters" proceeds as follows: <div><ol style="list-style-type:lower-roman"><li>Define an intermediary "provider" interface, and write an implementation of that provider interface that wraps the source of the data, <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-java mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">ClassA</code> in this example, and outputs the data formatted as appropriate: <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-java mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>public interface StringProvider { public String getStringData(); } public class ClassAFormat1 implements StringProvider { private ClassA classA = null; public ClassAFormat1(final ClassA a) { classA = a; } public String getStringData() { return format(classA.getStringData()); } private String format(final String sourceValue) { // Manipulate the source string into a format required // by the object needing the source object's data return sourceValue.trim(); } } </pre></div></li><li>Write an adapter class that returns the specific implementation of the provider: <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-java mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>public class ClassAFormat1Adapter extends Adapter { public Object adapt(final Object anObject) { return new ClassAFormat1((ClassA) anObject); } } </pre></div></li><li>Register the <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-java mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">adapter</code> with a global registry, so that the <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-java mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">adapter</code> can be looked up at runtime: <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-java mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>AdapterFactory.getInstance().registerAdapter(ClassA.class, ClassAFormat1Adapter.class, "format1"); </pre></div></li><li>In code, when wishing to transfer data from <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-java mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">ClassA</code> to <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-java mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">ClassB</code>, write: <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-java mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>Adapter adapter = AdapterFactory.getInstance() .getAdapterFromTo(ClassA.class, StringProvider.class, "format1"); StringProvider provider = (StringProvider) adapter.adapt(classA); String string = provider.getStringData(); classB.setStringData(string); </pre></div> or more concisely: <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-java mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>classB.setStringData( ((StringProvider) AdapterFactory.getInstance() .getAdapterFromTo(ClassA.class, StringProvider.class, "format1") .adapt(classA)) .getStringData()); </pre></div></li><li>The advantage can be seen in that, if it is desired to transfer the data in a second format, then look up the different adapter/provider: <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-java mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>Adapter adapter = AdapterFactory.getInstance() .getAdapterFromTo(ClassA.class, StringProvider.class, "format2"); </pre></div></li><li>And if it is desired to output the data from <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-java mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">ClassA</code> as, say, image data in <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-java mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">Class C</code>: <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-java mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>Adapter adapter = AdapterFactory.getInstance() .getAdapterFromTo(ClassA.class, ImageProvider.class, "format2"); ImageProvider provider = (ImageProvider) adapter.adapt(classA); classC.setImage(provider.getImage()); </pre></div></li><li>In this way, the use of adapters and providers allows multiple "views" by <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-java mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">ClassB</code> and <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-java mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">ClassC</code> into <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-java mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">ClassA</code> without having to alter the class hierarchy. In general, it permits a mechanism for arbitrary data flows between objects that can be retrofitted to an existing object hierarchy.</li></ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Implementation_of_the_adapter_pattern">Implementation of the adapter pattern</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adapter_pattern&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Implementation of the adapter pattern">edit</a>]</div> When implementing the adapter pattern, for clarity, one can apply the class name <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-java mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">[ClassName]To[Interface]Adapter</code> to the provider implementation; for example, <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-java mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">DAOToProviderAdapter</code>. It should have a constructor method with an adaptee class variable as a parameter. This parameter will be passed to an instance member of <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-java mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr">[ClassName]To[Interface]Adapter</code>. When the clientMethod is called, it will have access to the adaptee instance that allows for accessing the required data of the adaptee and performing operations on that data that generates the desired output. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Java">Java</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adapter_pattern&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Java">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-java mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>interface ILightningPhone { void recharge(); void useLightning(); } interface IMicroUsbPhone { void recharge(); void useMicroUsb(); } class Iphone implements ILightningPhone { private boolean connector; @Override public void useLightning() { connector = true; System.out.println("Lightning connected"); } @Override public void recharge() { if (connector) { System.out.println("Recharge started"); System.out.println("Recharge finished"); } else { System.out.println("Connect Lightning first"); } } } class Android implements IMicroUsbPhone { private boolean connector; @Override public void useMicroUsb() { connector = true; System.out.println("MicroUsb connected"); } @Override public void recharge() { if (connector) { System.out.println("Recharge started"); System.out.println("Recharge finished"); } else { System.out.println("Connect MicroUsb first"); } } } /* exposing the target interface while wrapping source object */ class LightningToMicroUsbAdapter implements IMicroUsbPhone { private final ILightningPhone lightningPhone; public LightningToMicroUsbAdapter(ILightningPhone lightningPhone) { this.lightningPhone = lightningPhone; } @Override public void useMicroUsb() { System.out.println("MicroUsb connected"); lightningPhone.useLightning(); } @Override public void recharge() { lightningPhone.recharge(); } } public class AdapterDemo { static void rechargeMicroUsbPhone(IMicroUsbPhone phone) { phone.useMicroUsb(); phone.recharge(); } static void rechargeLightningPhone(ILightningPhone phone) { phone.useLightning(); phone.recharge(); } public static void main(String[] args) { Android android = new Android(); Iphone iPhone = new Iphone(); System.out.println("Recharging android with MicroUsb"); rechargeMicroUsbPhone(android); System.out.println("Recharging iPhone with Lightning"); rechargeLightningPhone(iPhone); System.out.println("Recharging iPhone with MicroUsb"); rechargeMicroUsbPhone(new LightningToMicroUsbAdapter (iPhone)); } } </pre></div> Output <pre>Recharging android with MicroUsb MicroUsb connected Recharge started Recharge finished Recharging iPhone with Lightning Lightning connected Recharge started Recharge finished Recharging iPhone with MicroUsb MicroUsb connected Lightning connected Recharge started Recharge finished </pre> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Python">Python</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adapter_pattern&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Python">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-python mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>""" Adapter pattern example. """ from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod NOT_IMPLEMENTED = "You should implement this." RECHARGE = ["Recharge started.", "Recharge finished."] POWER_ADAPTERS = {"Android": "MicroUSB", "iPhone": "Lightning"} CONNECTED = "{} connected." CONNECT_FIRST = "Connect {} first." class RechargeTemplate(metaclass=ABCMeta): @abstractmethod def recharge(self): raise NotImplementedError(NOT_IMPLEMENTED) class FormatIPhone(RechargeTemplate): @abstractmethod def use_lightning(self): raise NotImplementedError(NOT_IMPLEMENTED) class FormatAndroid(RechargeTemplate): @abstractmethod def use_micro_usb(self): raise NotImplementedError(NOT_IMPLEMENTED) class IPhone(FormatIPhone): __name__ = "iPhone" def __init__(self): self.connector = False def use_lightning(self): self.connector = True print(CONNECTED.format(POWER_ADAPTERS[self.__name__])) def recharge(self): if self.connector: for state in RECHARGE: print(state) else: print(CONNECT_FIRST.format(POWER_ADAPTERS[self.__name__])) class Android(FormatAndroid): __name__ = "Android" def __init__(self): self.connector = False def use_micro_usb(self): self.connector = True print(CONNECTED.format(POWER_ADAPTERS[self.__name__])) def recharge(self): if self.connector: for state in RECHARGE: print(state) else: print(CONNECT_FIRST.format(POWER_ADAPTERS[self.__name__])) class IPhoneAdapter(FormatAndroid): def __init__(self, mobile): self.mobile = mobile def recharge(self): self.mobile.recharge() def use_micro_usb(self): print(CONNECTED.format(POWER_ADAPTERS["Android"])) self.mobile.use_lightning() class AndroidRecharger: def __init__(self): self.phone = Android() self.phone.use_micro_usb() self.phone.recharge() class IPhoneMicroUSBRecharger: def __init__(self): self.phone = IPhone() self.phone_adapter = IPhoneAdapter(self.phone) self.phone_adapter.use_micro_usb() self.phone_adapter.recharge() class IPhoneRecharger: def __init__(self): self.phone = IPhone() self.phone.use_lightning() self.phone.recharge() print("Recharging Android with MicroUSB recharger.") AndroidRecharger() print() print("Recharging iPhone with MicroUSB using adapter pattern.") IPhoneMicroUSBRecharger() print() print("Recharging iPhone with iPhone recharger.") IPhoneRecharger() </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="C#">C#</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adapter_pattern&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: C#">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c# mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>public interface ILightningPhone { void ConnectLightning(); void Recharge(); } public interface IUsbPhone { void ConnectUsb(); void Recharge(); } public sealed class AndroidPhone : IUsbPhone { private bool isConnected; public void ConnectUsb() { this.isConnected = true; Console.WriteLine("Android phone connected."); } public void Recharge() { if (this.isConnected) { Console.WriteLine("Android phone recharging."); } else { Console.WriteLine("Connect the USB cable first."); } } } public sealed class ApplePhone : ILightningPhone { private bool isConnected; public void ConnectLightning() { this.isConnected = true; Console.WriteLine("Apple phone connected."); } public void Recharge() { if (this.isConnected) { Console.WriteLine("Apple phone recharging."); } else { Console.WriteLine("Connect the Lightning cable first."); } } } public sealed class LightningToUsbAdapter : IUsbPhone { private readonly ILightningPhone lightningPhone; private bool isConnected; public LightningToUsbAdapter(ILightningPhone lightningPhone) { this.lightningPhone = lightningPhone; } public void ConnectUsb() { this.lightningPhone.ConnectLightning(); } public void Recharge() { this.lightningPhone.Recharge(); } } public void Main() { ILightningPhone applePhone = new ApplePhone(); IUsbPhone adapterCable = new LightningToUsbAdapter(applePhone); adapterCable.ConnectUsb(); adapterCable.Recharge(); } </pre></div>Output:<div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-output mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>Apple phone connected. Apple phone recharging. </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adapter_pattern&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://java-design-patterns.com/patterns/adapter/">Adapter</a> Java Design Patterns - Adapter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delegation_(programming)" class="mw-redirect" title="Delegation (programming)">Delegation</a>, strongly relevant to the object adapter pattern.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dependency_inversion_principle" title="Dependency inversion principle">Dependency inversion principle</a>, which can be thought of as applying the adapter pattern, when the high-level class defines its own (adapter) interface to the low-level module (implemented by an adaptee class).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ports_and_adapters_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Ports and adapters architecture">Ports and adapters architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shim_(computing)" title="Shim (computing)">Shim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrapper_function" title="Wrapper function">Wrapper function</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrapper_library" title="Wrapper library">Wrapper library</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Adapter_pattern&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-HeadFirst-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HeadFirst_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HeadFirst_1-1">b</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFFreemanFreemanSierraBates2004" class="citation book cs1">Freeman, Eric; 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href="/wiki/Flyweight_pattern" title="Flyweight pattern">Flyweight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proxy_pattern" title="Proxy pattern">Proxy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Behavioral_pattern" title="Behavioral pattern">Behavioral</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chain-of-responsibility_pattern" title="Chain-of-responsibility pattern">Chain of responsibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Command_pattern" title="Command pattern">Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interpreter_pattern" title="Interpreter pattern">Interpreter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iterator_pattern" title="Iterator pattern">Iterator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediator_pattern" title="Mediator pattern">Mediator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memento_pattern" title="Memento pattern">Memento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Observer_pattern" title="Observer pattern">Observer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_pattern" title="State pattern">State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategy_pattern" title="Strategy pattern">Strategy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template_method_pattern" title="Template method pattern">Template method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visitor_pattern" title="Visitor pattern">Visitor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Concurrency_pattern" title="Concurrency pattern">Concurrency patterns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Active_object" title="Active object">Active object</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balking_pattern" title="Balking pattern">Balking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binding_properties_pattern" title="Binding properties pattern">Binding properties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double-checked_locking" title="Double-checked locking">Double-checked locking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asynchronous_method_invocation" title="Asynchronous method invocation">Event-based asynchronous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guarded_suspension" title="Guarded suspension">Guarded suspension</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Join-pattern" title="Join-pattern">Join</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lock_(computer_science)" title="Lock (computer science)">Lock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monitor_(synchronization)" title="Monitor (synchronization)">Monitor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proactor_pattern" title="Proactor pattern">Proactor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactor_pattern" title="Reactor pattern">Reactor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Readers%E2%80%93writer_lock" title="Readers–writer lock">Read–write lock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scheduler_pattern" class="mw-redirect" title="Scheduler pattern">Scheduler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scheduled-task_pattern" title="Scheduled-task pattern">Scheduled-task pattern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semaphore_(programming)" title="Semaphore (programming)">Semaphore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thread_pool" title="Thread pool">Thread pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thread-local_storage" title="Thread-local storage">Thread-local storage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Architectural_pattern" title="Architectural pattern">Architectural patterns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Front_controller" title="Front controller">Front controller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interceptor_pattern" title="Interceptor pattern">Interceptor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Model%E2%80%93view%E2%80%93controller" title="Model–view–controller">MVC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Model%E2%80%93view%E2%80%93presenter" title="Model–view–presenter">MVP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Model%E2%80%93view%E2%80%93viewmodel" title="Model–view–viewmodel">MVVM</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action%E2%80%93domain%E2%80%93responder" title="Action–domain–responder">ADR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entity_component_system" title="Entity component system">ECS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multitier_architecture" title="Multitier architecture">n-tier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Specification_pattern" title="Specification pattern">Specification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Publish%E2%80%93subscribe_pattern" title="Publish–subscribe pattern">Publish–subscribe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naked_objects" title="Naked objects">Naked objects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_locator_pattern" title="Service locator pattern">Service locator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Active_record_pattern" title="Active record pattern">Active record</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Identity_map_pattern" title="Identity map pattern">Identity map</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_access_object" title="Data access object">Data access object</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_transfer_object" title="Data transfer object">Data transfer object</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inversion_of_control" title="Inversion of control">Inversion of control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JSP_model_2_architecture" title="JSP model 2 architecture">Model 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broker_pattern" title="Broker pattern">Broker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other patterns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blackboard_design_pattern" class="mw-redirect" title="Blackboard design pattern">Blackboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_delegate_pattern" title="Business delegate pattern">Business delegate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Composite_entity_pattern" title="Composite entity pattern">Composite entity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dependency_injection" title="Dependency injection">Dependency injection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercepting_filter_pattern" title="Intercepting filter pattern">Intercepting filter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazy_loading" title="Lazy loading">Lazy loading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mock_object" title="Mock object">Mock object</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Null_object_pattern" title="Null object pattern">Null object</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Object_pool_pattern" title="Object pool pattern">Object pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Servant_(design_pattern)" title="Servant (design pattern)">Servant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twin_pattern" title="Twin pattern">Twin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_Tunnel_pattern" class="mw-redirect" title="Type Tunnel pattern">Type tunnel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Method_chaining" title="Method chaining">Method chaining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delegation_pattern" title="Delegation pattern">Delegation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Design_Patterns" title="Design Patterns">Design Patterns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enterprise_Integration_Patterns" title="Enterprise Integration Patterns">Enterprise Integration Patterns</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Alexander" title="Christopher Alexander">Christopher Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erich_Gamma" title="Erich Gamma">Erich Gamma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Johnson_(computer_scientist)" title="Ralph Johnson (computer scientist)">Ralph Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Vlissides" title="John Vlissides">John Vlissides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grady_Booch" title="Grady Booch">Grady Booch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kent_Beck" title="Kent Beck">Kent Beck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ward_Cunningham" title="Ward Cunningham">Ward Cunningham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Fowler_(software_engineer)" title="Martin Fowler (software engineer)">Martin Fowler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_C._Martin" title="Robert C. Martin">Robert Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Coplien" title="Jim Coplien">Jim Coplien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_C._Schmidt" title="Douglas C. Schmidt">Douglas Schmidt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linda_Rising" title="Linda Rising">Linda Rising</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Hillside_Group" title="The Hillside Group">The Hillside Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portland_Pattern_Repository" title="Portland Pattern Repository">Portland Pattern Repository</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-pattern" title="Anti-pattern">Anti-pattern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architectural_pattern" title="Architectural pattern">Architectural pattern</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Adapter_pattern&oldid=1272563523">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Adapter_pattern&oldid=1272563523</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Software_design_patterns" title="Category:Software design patterns">Software design patterns</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_too_many_examples_from_January_2011" title="Category:Articles with too many examples from January 2011">Articles with too many examples from January 2011</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_too_many_examples" title="Category:All articles with too many examples">All articles with too many examples</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_with_style_issues_from_January_2011" title="Category:Wikipedia articles with style issues from January 2011">Wikipedia articles with style issues from January 2011</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_example_Java_code" title="Category:Articles with example Java code">Articles with example Java code</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 29 January 2025, at 07:53 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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