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id="siteSub" class="noprint">Da Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="it" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r133964453">.mw-parser-output .avviso .mbox-text-div>div,.mw-parser-output .avviso .mbox-text-full-div>div{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .avviso .mbox-image{flex-basis:52px;flex-grow:0;flex-shrink:0}.mw-parser-output .avviso .mbox-text-full-div .hide-when-compact{display:block}</style><div style="" class="ambox metadata noprint plainlinks avviso avviso-generico"> <div class="avviso-immagine mbox-image noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Puzzle_stub.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Abbozzo"><img alt="Abbozzo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Puzzle_stub.svg/45px-Puzzle_stub.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Puzzle_stub.svg/68px-Puzzle_stub.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Puzzle_stub.svg/90px-Puzzle_stub.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="avviso-testo mbox-text"> <div class="mbox-text-div"><b>Questa voce  sull'argomento processi industriali è solo un <a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Abbozzo" title="Aiuto:Abbozzo">abbozzo</a></b>.<br /> <div style="font-size:90%;"><a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Combustione_dolce&action=edit">Contribuisci</a> a migliorarla secondo le <a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Manuale_di_stile" title="Aiuto:Manuale di stile">convenzioni di Wikipedia</a>. </div> <div class="hide-when-compact"> </div> </div> </div> </div> <p>Per <b>combustione dolce</b> (<i><b>mild combustion</b></i> in <a href="/wiki/Lingua_inglese" title="Lingua inglese">inglese</a>) si intende una tipologia di <a href="/wiki/Combustione" title="Combustione">combustione</a> che utilizza alte diluizioni della miscela reagente con sostanze inerti (tipicamente <a href="/wiki/Acqua" title="Acqua">acqua</a> od <a href="/wiki/Azoto" title="Azoto">azoto</a>, nelle apparecchiature da <a href="/wiki/Laboratorio_chimico" title="Laboratorio chimico">laboratorio</a>), associandola ad alte temperature di preriscaldamento. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Caratteristiche_e_scopi">Caratteristiche e scopi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Combustione_dolce&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Caratteristiche e scopi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Combustione_dolce&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Caratteristiche e scopi"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L'uso di forti diluizioni dei reagenti e di alte temperature di preriscaldamento ha lo scopo di contenere il più possibile i gradienti di temperatura, allungando così la vita dei materiali a contatto con i gas e soprattutto abbattendo significativamente la produzione di <a href="/wiki/NOx" title="NOx">NOx</a>, che è invece consistente con temperature elevate (>1000 K), abituali nelle combustioni che sono marcatamente <a href="/wiki/Processo_esotermico" title="Processo esotermico">esotermiche</a>. </p><p>Inoltre è dimostrato che la produzione di <i>soot</i> (<a href="/wiki/Fuliggine" class="mw-redirect" title="Fuliggine">fuliggine</a>) è notevolmente depressa in condizioni <i>mild</i> e questo permette anche una minore emissione di inquinanti.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>L'elevata diluizione del <a href="/wiki/Combustibile" title="Combustibile">combustibile</a> fa sì che la composizione della miscela ricada al di fuori dei limiti di infiammabilità, di qui la necessità del preriscaldamento dei flussi entranti al di sopra della <a href="/wiki/Temperatura_di_autoignizione" title="Temperatura di autoignizione">temperatura di autoignizione</a>. </p><p>La <i>mild combustion</i> è un campo di ricerca relativamente nuovo e benché ci sia a grandi linee accordo sulle caratteristiche che deve avere un processo di combustione per essere inquadrato come <i>mild</i>, non può ritrovarsi in letteratura un'unica definizione quantitativa. Il principio cui tutte fanno capo è, comunque, sempre quello di avere innalzamenti di temperatura contenuti, al di là degli espedienti posti poi effettivamente in esse per ottenerli: è questa, può dirsi, la vera caratteristica che accomuna tutti i processi <i>mild</i>. </p><p>Secondo una delle definizioni, affinché si abbia combustione dolce dev'essere: </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T_{o}\ >T_{ign}\ >\Delta T_{ad}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>o</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mtext> </mtext> <mo>></mo> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> <mi>g</mi> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mtext> </mtext> <mo>></mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>a</mi> <mi>d</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T_{o}\ >T_{ign}\ >\Delta T_{ad}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7725d206055e0f25cb67ec545e8d5cdd7673d703" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:18.933ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T_{o}\ >T_{ign}\ >\Delta T_{ad}}"></span> </p><p>dove <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T_{o}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>o</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T_{o}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2991f18ef81fec2f94e3a532df91a079f3f6697d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.387ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T_{o}}"></span>, <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T_{ign}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> <mi>g</mi> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T_{ign}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/98103dac81c2923e4034a7e40d87a49e968bfa21" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:3.933ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T_{ign}}"></span> e <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Delta T_{ad}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>a</mi> <mi>d</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \Delta T_{ad}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4f9c0c5652eb8dd35ca2fe290aee341b10f79e89" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:5.255ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Delta T_{ad}}"></span> sono rispettivamente le temperature di ingresso dei reagenti, la temperatura di autocombustione (nelle condizioni date) e <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Delta T_{ad}=T_{ad}-T_{o}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>a</mi> <mi>d</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>a</mi> <mi>d</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>−</mo> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>o</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \Delta T_{ad}=T_{ad}-T_{o}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e058a87a0afbd2ee35266f1f198156699b4ad5b5" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:16.9ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Delta T_{ad}=T_{ad}-T_{o}}"></span>, con <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T_{ad}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>a</mi> <mi>d</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T_{ad}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ddb894ba126c93750f0ec7a9e46009171277e64a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:3.319ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T_{ad}}"></span> temperatura adiabatica di fiamma. </p><p>Dal punto di vista macroscopico la combustione dolce è caratterizzata dall'assenza di un fronte di <a href="/wiki/Fiamma" title="Fiamma">fiamma</a>, inteso come la superficie di separazione tra reagenti e prodotti, ragion per cui è detta dagli anglofoni anche <i>flameless</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Combustione_dolce&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Combustione_dolce&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cercauniversita.cineca.it/php5/prin/cerca.php?codice=9909181912">Studio di Antonio D'alessio all'Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II"</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voci_correlate">Voci correlate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Combustione_dolce&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Voci correlate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Combustione_dolce&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Voci correlate"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bruciatore" title="Bruciatore">Bruciatore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combustore" title="Combustore">Combustore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperatura_d%27ignizione" class="mw-redirect" title="Temperatura d'ignizione">Temperatura d'ignizione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiamma" title="Fiamma">Fiamma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combustibile" title="Combustibile">combustibile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comburente" title="Comburente">comburente</a></li></ul> <div class="noprint" style="width:100%; 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