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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF_%DA%A4%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF" title="فيرديناند ڤون وينتزينجيرود – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فيرديناند ڤون وينتزينجيرود" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_von_Wintzingerode" title="Ferdinand von Wintzingerode – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ferdinand von Wintzingerode" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5,_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D0%A4%D1%91%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Винцингероде, Фердинанд Фёдорович – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Винцингероде, Фердинанд Фёдорович" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_von_Wintzingerode" title="Ferdinand von Wintzingerode – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ferdinand von Wintzingerode" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a 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searchaux" style="display:none">German nobleman and officer</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vinzingerode.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Vinzingerode.jpg/220px-Vinzingerode.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Vinzingerode.jpg/330px-Vinzingerode.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Vinzingerode.jpg/440px-Vinzingerode.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1707" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ferdinand_von_Wintzingerode.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Ferdinand_von_Wintzingerode.jpg/220px-Ferdinand_von_Wintzingerode.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="265" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Ferdinand_von_Wintzingerode.jpg/330px-Ferdinand_von_Wintzingerode.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Ferdinand_von_Wintzingerode.jpg/440px-Ferdinand_von_Wintzingerode.jpg 2x" data-file-width="449" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Ferdinand Karl Friedrich Freiherr<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> von Wintzingerode</b> (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <i lang="ru">Ferdinand Fyodorovich Wintzingerode</i>; 15 February 1770, in <a href="/wiki/Bad_Sooden-Allendorf" title="Bad Sooden-Allendorf">Allendorf</a> – 16 June 1818, in <a href="/wiki/Wiesbaden" title="Wiesbaden">Wiesbaden</a>) was a German nobleman and officer in several different armies of the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a>, finally ending up as a general in the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Russian_Army" title="Imperial Russian Army">Imperial Russian Army</a> and fighting in the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Sixth_Coalition" title="War of the Sixth Coalition">War of the Sixth Coalition</a> against the French invasion of Russia and the subsequent campaigns in Germany and France. He appears in Tolstoy's <i><a href="/wiki/War_and_Peace" title="War and Peace">War and Peace</a></i>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferdinand_von_Wintzingerode&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ferdinand von Wintzingerode was born into a noble family of <a href="/wiki/Thuringia" title="Thuringia">Thuringia</a>. His father, baron Wilhelm Levin Ernst von Wintzingerode (1738–1781), owned the <i>Unterhof</i> seigneurial domain near Kirchohmfeld. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Military_career">Military career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferdinand_von_Wintzingerode&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Military career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ferdinand's first military service was in the Hessian Army, then as a volunteer in the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_and_Royal_Army_during_the_Napoleonic_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial and Royal Army during the Napoleonic Wars">Austrian army</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Low_Countries_theatre_of_the_War_of_the_First_Coalition" title="Low Countries theatre of the War of the First Coalition">war against the Netherlands</a>. He took part in the 1792–93 campaigns against the French and, after the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Campo_Formio" title="Treaty of Campo Formio">Treaty of Campo Formio</a> on 17 October 1797, he was offered a post as major in the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Russian_Army" title="Imperial Russian Army">Imperial Russian Army</a>. In 1800 the Austrian army gave him permission to fight in the <a href="/wiki/Italian_campaigns_of_the_French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="Italian campaigns of the French Revolutionary Wars">war in Italy</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Napoleonic_Wars">Napoleonic Wars</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferdinand_von_Wintzingerode&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Napoleonic Wars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He became a major general and general <a href="/wiki/Aide-de-camp" title="Aide-de-camp">Aide-de-camp</a> to <a href="/wiki/Alexander_I_of_Russia" title="Alexander I of Russia">Alexander I of Russia</a> in 1802 and was entrusted with diplomatic missions over the following years. Also, in 1805 in Berlin, he negotiated with Austria and Great Britain on behalf of the Prussians to form the three nations into an alliance against France. On 11 November 1805, at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_D%C3%BCrenstein" title="Battle of Dürenstein">Dürenstein</a>, he received the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_St._George" title="Order of St. George">Order of St. George</a>. He returned to the Austrian army in 1809, where he was made field marshal. He led the advance guard of the first brigade of general Bellegarde's army on 20 May at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aspern" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Aspern">Aspern</a>, where he was wounded in the right leg. </p><p>He returned to the Russian army in 1812 to face the <a href="/wiki/French_invasion_of_Russia" title="French invasion of Russia">French invasion of Russia</a>. In it he was made lieutenant general and grand cross of the <a href="/wiki/Military_Order_of_Maria_Theresa" title="Military Order of Maria Theresa">Military Order of Maria Theresa</a>. On 21 October 1812 he led a unit of Cossacks trying to reach the <a href="/wiki/Kremlin" title="Kremlin">Kremlin</a> by challenging several French posts at the head of a Cossack unit, but he and his aide de camp Narichzin<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> were captured by lieutenant Leleu de Maupertuis of the 5th <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Guard_(Napoleon_I)" title="Imperial Guard (Napoleon I)">Imperial Guard</a> Chasseurs Regiment. He was freed by general <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Chernyshyov" title="Alexander Chernyshyov">Alexander Chernyshyov</a> and led the Russian Advance Guard Corps under <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Kutuzov" title="Mikhail Kutuzov">Kutuzov</a> fighting at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Kalisz_(1813)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Kalisz (1813) (page does not exist)">Battle of Kalisz</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bataille_de_Kalisz_(1813)" class="extiw" title="fr:Bataille de Kalisz (1813)">fr</a>]</span> in February 1813.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He fought at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_L%C3%BCtzen_(1813)" title="Battle of Lützen (1813)">battle of Lützen</a> before being promoted to <a href="/wiki/General_of_the_cavalry" title="General of the cavalry">General of the cavalry</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Leipzig" title="Battle of Leipzig">battle of Leipzig</a> in 1813. He followed the army of the North into Holland then rejoined the Prussian army under <a href="/wiki/Gebhard_Leberecht_von_Bl%C3%BCcher" title="Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher">Blücher</a> and fought in the <a href="/wiki/Six_Days%27_Campaign" title="Six Days' Campaign">Six Days' Campaign</a> in 1814. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family">Family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferdinand_von_Wintzingerode&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 19 September 1801 he married the Polish countess Hélène Rostworowska (1783–1829), with whom he had one son. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferdinand_von_Wintzingerode&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Hans Demme / Karl-Heinz Kabisch, <i>Ferdinand Freiherr von Wintzingerode, russischer General und deutscher Patriot (Sonderausgabe der Eichsfelder Heimathefte)</i>, Worbis 1986.</li> <li>Walter Prochaska, Ferdinand, Freiherr von Wintzingerode. Ein General der Befreiungskriege, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-929413-35-3" title="Special:BookSources/3-929413-35-3">3-929413-35-3</a>.</li> <li>Wilhelm Clothar Freiherr von Wintzingerode, <i>General der Kavallerie Ferdinand Freiherr v. Wintzingerode, Ein Lebensbild aus den napoleonischen Kriegen</i>, Arolsen 1902.</li> <li>Eberhard v. Wintzingerode, <i>Stammbaum der Familie von Wintzingerode mit biographischen Erläuterungen</i>, Göttingen 1848.</li> <li>Heinrich Jobst Graf v. Wintzingerode, <i>Recht tun behält sein Preis allzeit. Die Geschichte der Familie Wintzingerode und der Burg Bodenstein (Bodunger Beiträge 8)</i>, Großbodungen 2004, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-00-013996-6" title="Special:BookSources/3-00-013996-6">3-00-013996-6</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferdinand_von_Wintzingerode&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Regarding personal names: <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Freiherr" title="Freiherr">Freiherr</a></i></span> is a former title (translated as <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text"><a href="/wiki/Baron" title="Baron">Baron</a></span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>). In Germany since 1919, it forms part of family names. The feminine forms are <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Freifrau</i></span> and <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Freiin</i></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Victoires conquêtes désastres revers et guerres civiles des français de 1789 à 1815, Panckouke et Lecointe, Paris, 1836, tome 11-page 431</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwa_pod_Kaliszem_(1813)" class="extiw" title="pl:Bitwa pod Kaliszem (1813)">Article in the Polish Wikipedia</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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