CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="zh" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>語素 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )zhwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"zh", "wgMonthNames":["","1月","2月","3月","4月","5月","6月","7月","8月","9月","10月","11月","12月"],"wgRequestId":"968e55ae-32c7-40c9-a549-86885912fccd","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"語素","wgTitle":"語素","wgCurRevisionId":84066790,"wgRevisionId":84066790,"wgArticleId":114946,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["含有哈佛参考文献格式系列模板链接指向错误的页面","含有英語的條目","含有非中文內容的條目","引文格式1错误：日期","含有访问日期但无网址的引用的页面","语言形态单位","学习阅读","閱讀","语言学术语"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"zh","wgPageContentLanguage":"zh","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"語素","wgRelevantArticleId":114946,"wgUserVariant":"zh","wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[ ],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"zh","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":["zh-hans","zh-hant","zh-cn","zh-tw","zh-hk","zh-sg","zh-mo","zh-my"]},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q43249","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false, "wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.large-font":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","mediawiki.action.styles":"ready","mediawiki.interface.helpers.styles":"ready","mediawiki.codex.messagebox.styles":"ready","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.edit0", "ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.gadget.UnihanTooltips","ext.gadget.Difflink","ext.gadget.pseudonamespace-UI","ext.gadget.SpecialWikitext","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.VariantAlly","ext.gadget.AdvancedSiteNotices","ext.gadget.hideConversionTab","ext.gadget.internalLinkHelper-altcolor","ext.gadget.noteTA","ext.gadget.NavFrame","ext.gadget.collapsibleTables","ext.gadget.scrollUpButton","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.action.styles%7Cmediawiki.codex.messagebox.styles%7Cmediawiki.interface.helpers.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=ext.gadget.large-font&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow,max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="語素 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E7%B4%A0"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="编辑本页" href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AA%9E%E7%B4%A0&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (zh)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//zh.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E7%B4%A0"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E7%B4%A0"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hans/%E8%AA%9E%E7%B4%A0"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/%E8%AA%9E%E7%B4%A0"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-my/%E8%AA%9E%E7%B4%A0"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-sg/%E8%AA%9E%E7%B4%A0"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hant/%E8%AA%9E%E7%B4%A0"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hk/%E8%AA%9E%E7%B4%A0"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-mo/%E8%AA%9E%E7%B4%A0"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E8%AA%9E%E7%B4%A0"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E7%B4%A0"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.zh"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia的Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-語素 rootpage-語素 skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">跳转到内容</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="主菜单" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">主菜单</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">主菜单</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 导航 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" title="访问首页[z]" accesskey="z"><span>首页</span></a></li><li id="n-indexpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95" title="以分类索引搜寻中文维基百科"><span>分类索引</span></a></li><li id="n-Featured_content" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%89%B9%E8%89%B2%E5%85%A7%E5%AE%B9" title="查看中文维基百科的特色内容"><span>特色内容</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E5%8B%95%E6%85%8B" title="提供当前新闻事件的背景资料"><span>新闻动态</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9" title="列出维基百科中的最近修改[r]" accesskey="r"><span>最近更改</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%9A%8F%E6%9C%BA%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="随机载入一个页面[x]" accesskey="x"><span>随机条目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-help" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-help" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 帮助 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E7%9B%AE%E5%BD%95" title="寻求帮助"><span>帮助</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%A4%BE%E7%BE%A4%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" title="关于本计划、你可以做什么、应该如何做"><span>维基社群</span></a></li><li id="n-policy" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%96%B9%E9%87%9D%E8%88%87%E6%8C%87%E5%BC%95" title="查看维基百科的方针和指引"><span>方针与指引</span></a></li><li id="n-villagepump" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%BA%92%E5%8A%A9%E5%AE%A2%E6%A0%88" title="参与维基百科社群的讨论"><span>互助客栈</span></a></li><li id="n-Information_desk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86%E9%97%AE%E7%AD%94" title="解答任何与维基百科无关的问题的地方"><span>知识问答</span></a></li><li id="n-conversion" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%AD%97%E8%AF%8D%E8%BD%AC%E6%8D%A2" title="提出字词转换请求"><span>字词转换</span></a></li><li id="n-IRC" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC%E8%81%8A%E5%A4%A9%E9%A2%91%E9%81%93"><span>IRC即时聊天</span></a></li><li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E8%81%94%E7%BB%9C%E6%88%91%E4%BB%AC" title="如何联络维基百科"><span>联络我们</span></a></li><li id="n-about" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E" title="查看维基百科的简介"><span>关于维基百科</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="维基百科" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-zh.svg" style="width: 6.5625em; height: 1.375em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="自由的百科全书" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-zh.svg" width="103" height="14" style="width: 6.4375em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%90%9C%E7%B4%A2" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="搜索维基百科[f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>搜索</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="搜索维基百科" aria-label="搜索维基百科" autocapitalize="sentences" title="搜索维基百科[f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:搜索"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">搜索</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="个人工具"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="更改页面字体大小、宽度和颜色的外观" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="外观" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">外观</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&uselang=zh" class=""><span>资助维基百科</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E8%AA%9E%E7%B4%A0&returntoquery=oldid%3D84066790" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的" class=""><span>创建账号</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E8%AA%9E%E7%B4%A0&returntoquery=oldid%3D84066790" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>登录</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="更多选项" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="个人工具" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">个人工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&uselang=zh"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E8%AA%9E%E7%B4%A0&returntoquery=oldid%3D84066790" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E8%AA%9E%E7%B4%A0&returntoquery=oldid%3D84066790" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-语素的识别" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#语素的识别"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>语素的识别</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-语素的识别-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关语素的识别子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-语素的识别-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-难点" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#难点"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>难点</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-难点-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-替换法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#替换法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>替换法</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-替换法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-按音节分类" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#按音节分类"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>按音节分类</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-按音节分类-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关按音节分类子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-按音节分类-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-單音節語素" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#單音節語素"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>單音節語素</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-單音節語素-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-雙音節語素" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#雙音節語素"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>雙音節語素</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-雙音節語素-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-多音節語素" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#多音節語素"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>多音節語素</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-多音節語素-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-非音節語素" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#非音節語素"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>非音節語素</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-非音節語素-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-按结构分类" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#按结构分类"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>按结构分类</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-按结构分类-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关按结构分类子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-按结构分类-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-自由语素/成词语素" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#自由语素/成词语素"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>自由语素/成词语素</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-自由语素/成词语素-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-黏着语素/不成词语素/规范语素/不自由语素" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#黏着语素/不成词语素/规范语素/不自由语素"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>黏着语素/不成词语素/规范语素/不自由语素</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-黏着语素/不成词语素/规范语素/不自由语素-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-派生語素/衍生语素" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#派生語素/衍生语素"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>派生語素/衍生语素</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-派生語素/衍生语素-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-屈折語素" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#屈折語素"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.2</span> <span>屈折語素</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-屈折語素-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-按位置分类" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#按位置分类"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>按位置分类</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-按位置分类-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关按位置分类子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-按位置分类-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-定位语素" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#定位语素"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>定位语素</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-定位语素-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-非定位语素" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#非定位语素"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>非定位语素</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-非定位语素-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-语素与词根词缀" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#语素与词根词缀"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>语素与词根词缀</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-语素与词根词缀-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-语素与词根词干" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#语素与词根词干"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>语素与词根词干</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-语素与词根词干-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-按意义虚实分类" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#按意义虚实分类"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>按意义虚实分类</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-按意义虚实分类-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关按意义虚实分类子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-按意义虚实分类-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-实语素/自由词根/free_root" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#实语素/自由词根/free_root"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>实语素/自由词根/free root</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-实语素/自由词根/free_root-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-虚语素/规范词根/bound_root" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#虚语素/规范词根/bound_root"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>虚语素/规范词根/bound root</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-虚语素/规范词根/bound_root-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-剩余语素" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#剩余语素"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>剩余语素</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-剩余语素-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-语素变体" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#语素变体"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>语素变体</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-语素变体-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-语素分析" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#语素分析"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>语素分析</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-语素分析-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-杂项" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#杂项"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>杂项</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-杂项-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参见" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参见"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>参见</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参见-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-注释" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#注释"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>注释</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-注释-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-引用" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#引用"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>引用</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-引用-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>外部連結</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">語素</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。88种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-88" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">88种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morfeem" title="Morfeem – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Morfeem" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morphem" title="Morphem – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Morphem" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="وحدة صرفية – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="وحدة صرفية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morfema" title="Morfema – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Morfema" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morfem" title="Morfem – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Morfem" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Марфема – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Марфема" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%84%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Марфэма – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Марфэма" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Морфема – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Морфема" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B2" title="রূপমূল – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রূপমূল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morfem" title="Morfem – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Morfem" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morfema" title="Morfema – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Morfema" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%86%D8%B1%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%85" title="مۆرفیم – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="مۆرفیم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morf%C3%A9m" title="Morfém – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Morfém" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Морфима – 教会斯拉夫语" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Морфима" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="教会斯拉夫语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Морфема – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Морфема" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morffem" title="Morffem – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Morffem" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morfem" title="Morfem – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Morfem" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C9%94fim" title="Mɔfim – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Mɔfim" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morphem" title="Morphem – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Morphem" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%8D%DE%AA%DE%8A%DE%A6%DE%87%DE%A8%DE%92%DE%AA" title="ލުފައިޒު – 迪维希语" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ލުފައިޒު" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="迪维希语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CF%8C%CF%81%CF%86%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B1" title="Μόρφημα – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μόρφημα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morpheme" title="Morpheme – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Morpheme" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vortero" title="Vortero – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Vortero" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morfema" title="Morfema – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Morfema" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morfeem" title="Morfeem – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Morfeem" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morfema" title="Morfema – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Morfema" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%98" title="تکواژ – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تکواژ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morfeemi" title="Morfeemi – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Morfeemi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morph%C3%A8me" title="Morphème – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Morphème" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morfeem" title="Morfeem – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Morfeem" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moirf%C3%A9im" title="Moirféim – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Moirféim" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morfema" title="Morfema – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Morfema" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%9E%D7%94" title="מורפמה – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מורפמה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE" title="रूपिम – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रूपिम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morfem" title="Morfem – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Morfem" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morfem" title="Morfem – 上索布语" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Morfem" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="上索布语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morf%C3%A9ma" title="Morféma – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Morféma" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%81%D6%87%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B5%D5%A9" title="Ձևույթ – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ձևույթ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morphema" title="Morphema – 国际语" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Morphema" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="国际语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morfem" title="Morfem – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Morfem" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morfemo" title="Morfemo – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Morfemo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myndan" title="Myndan – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Myndan" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morfema" title="Morfema – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Morfema" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BD%A2%E6%85%8B%E7%B4%A0" title="形態素 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="形態素" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A4%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90" title="მორფემა – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მორფემა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Морфема – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Морфема" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%98%95%ED%83%9C%EC%86%8C" title="형태소 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="형태소" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morfem" title="Morfem – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Morfem" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Морфема – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Морфема" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morfeem" title="Morfeem – 林堡语" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Morfeem" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morfema" title="Morfema – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Morfema" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morf%C4%93ma" title="Morfēma – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Morfēma" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasin-teny" title="Hasin-teny – 马拉加斯语" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Hasin-teny" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="马拉加斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Морфема – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Морфема" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%82" title="രൂപിമം – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="രൂപിമം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morfem" title="Morfem – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Morfem" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morphem" title="Morphem – 低地德语" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Morphem" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morfeem" title="Morfeem – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Morfeem" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morfem" title="Morfem – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Morfem" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morfem" title="Morfem – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Morfem" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morfeme" title="Morfeme – 諾維亞文" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Morfeme" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="諾維亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AB%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%AE" title="ਮਾਰਫੀਮ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮਾਰਫੀਮ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morfem" title="Morfem – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Morfem" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AB%DA%93" title="ګړ – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ګړ" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morfema" title="Morfema – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Morfema" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rimana_yapaq" title="Rimana yapaq – 克丘亚语" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Rimana yapaq" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="克丘亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morfem" title="Morfem – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Morfem" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Морфема – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Морфема" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morpheme" title="Morpheme – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Morpheme" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morfem" title="Morfem – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Morfem" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morpheme" title="Morpheme – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Morpheme" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morf%C3%A9ma" title="Morféma – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Morféma" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morfem" title="Morfem – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Morfem" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morfema" title="Morfema – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Morfema" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Морфема – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Морфема" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morfem" title="Morfem – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Morfem" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mofimu" title="Mofimu – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mofimu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="உருபன் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உருபன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B3" title="หน่วยคำ – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="หน่วยคำ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morpema" title="Morpema – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Morpema" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi%C3%A7imbirim" title="Biçimbirim – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Biçimbirim" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Морфема – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Морфема" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morfema" title="Morfema – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Morfema" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morfema" title="Morfema – 威尼斯语" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Morfema" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="威尼斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%ACnh_v%E1%BB%8B" title="Hình vị – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hình vị" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morfinme" title="Morfinme – 瓦隆语" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Morfinme" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="瓦隆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E7%B4%A0" title="语素 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="语素" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BD%A2%E6%85%8B%E7%B4%A0" title="形態素 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="形態素" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q43249#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E7%B4%A0" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E8%AA%9E%E7%B4%A0" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AA%9E%E7%B4%A0&variant=zh&oldid=84066790" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AA%9E%E7%B4%A0&variant=zh-hans&oldid=84066790" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AA%9E%E7%B4%A0&variant=zh-hant&oldid=84066790" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AA%9E%E7%B4%A0&variant=zh-cn&oldid=84066790" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AA%9E%E7%B4%A0&variant=zh-hk&oldid=84066790" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AA%9E%E7%B4%A0&variant=zh-mo&oldid=84066790" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AA%9E%E7%B4%A0&variant=zh-my&oldid=84066790" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AA%9E%E7%B4%A0&variant=zh-sg&oldid=84066790" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AA%9E%E7%B4%A0&variant=zh-tw&oldid=84066790" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="查看"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E7%B4%A0"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AA%9E%E7%B4%A0&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AA%9E%E7%B4%A0&action=history" title="本页面的早前版本。[h]" accesskey="h"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="工具" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E7%B4%A0"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AA%9E%E7%B4%A0&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AA%9E%E7%B4%A0&action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/%E8%AA%9E%E7%B4%A0" title="列出所有与本页相链的页面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链入页面</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E8%AA%9E%E7%B4%A0" rel="nofollow" title="页面链出所有页面的更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project:%E4%B8%8A%E4%BC%A0" title="上传图像或多媒体文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="全部特殊页面的列表[q]" accesskey="q"><span>特殊页面</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AA%9E%E7%B4%A0&oldid=84066790" title="此页面该修订版本的固定链接"><span>固定链接</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AA%9E%E7%B4%A0&action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息"><span>页面信息</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E6%AD%A4%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2&page=%E8%AA%9E%E7%B4%A0&id=84066790&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="有关如何引用此页面的信息"><span>引用此页</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3D%25E8%25AA%259E%25E7%25B4%25A0%26oldid%3D84066790"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3D%25E8%25AA%259E%25E7%25B4%25A0%26oldid%3D84066790"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E8%AA%9E%E7%B4%A0&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Units_of_linguistic_morphology" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q43249" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-noteTA-a7bc57f6" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span title="本页使用了标题或全文手工转换"><img alt="本页使用了标题或全文手工转换" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/35px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/53px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/70px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><div class="cdx-message cdx-message--block cdx-message--warning mw-revision"><span class="cdx-message__icon"></span><div class="cdx-message__content"><div id="mw-revision-info-current"><p><b>这是<span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E7%B4%A0">語素</a></span>的<a href="/wiki/Help:%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="Help:页面历史">当前版本</a>，由<span id="mw-revision-name"><a href="/w/index.php?title=User:RuiQi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new mw-userlink" title="User:RuiQi（页面不存在）" data-mw-revid="84066790"><bdi>RuiQi</bdi></a><span class="mw-usertoollinks">（<a href="/wiki/User_talk:RuiQi" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:RuiQi">留言</a> | <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE/RuiQi" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Special:用户贡献/RuiQi">贡献</a>）</span></span>编辑于<span id="mw-revision-date">2024年9月2日 (一) 21:03</span><span id="mw-revision-summary"></span>。这个网址是本页该版本的固定链接。</b> </p> <div id="revision-info-current-plain" style="display: none;">Revision as of 2024年9月2日 (一) 21:03 by <a href="/w/index.php?title=User:RuiQi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new mw-userlink" title="User:RuiQi（页面不存在）" data-mw-revid="84066790"><bdi>RuiQi</bdi></a><span class="mw-usertoollinks">（<a href="/wiki/User_talk:RuiQi" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:RuiQi">留言</a> | <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE/RuiQi" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Special:用户贡献/RuiQi">贡献</a>）</span></div></div><div id="mw-revision-nav">(<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AA%9E%E7%B4%A0&diff=prev&oldid=84066790" title="語素">差异</a>) <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AA%9E%E7%B4%A0&direction=prev&oldid=84066790" title="語素">←上一修订</a> | 最后版本 (差异) | 下一修订→ (差异)</div></div></div></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><div id="noteTA-a7bc57f6" class="noteTA"><div class="noteTA-group"><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="Linguistics"></div></div></div> <p><b>語素</b>（英語：<span lang="en">morpheme</span>）<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>或<b>词素</b><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，又称<b>形态素</b>、<b>義基</b>，可定义为语言中最小的有意义单位，<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE元任197979_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE元任197979-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>或者说语言中最小的<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="语音">语音</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E4%B9%89" class="mw-redirect" title="语义">语义</a>结合体（声音和意思的结合体），<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE黄廖2017201_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE黄廖2017201-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE刘庞1999_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE刘庞1999-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>这种定义在汉语中最为常见；也可定义为语言中最小的有意义或语法功能的单位。<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDelahuntyGarvey76_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDelahuntyGarvey76-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>以汉语为例，“人”、“彷彿”均是语素。语素的长度各异，例如“<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B9%E5%A5%A5%E5%A4%9A%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E9%99%80%E6%80%9D%E5%A6%A5%E8%80%B6%E5%A4%AB%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA" title="费奥多尔·陀思妥耶夫斯基">陀思妥耶夫斯基</a>”是单独一个语素。<a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%9E_(%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80)" title="詞 (語言)">词</a>由一个或多个语素<a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%84%E8%AF%8D%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="构词法">构成</a>，例如“<a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%8E%E6%B0%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="风水">风水</a>”一词中的“风”与“水”是两个语素；语素不一定是词，例如现代汉语中的语素“民”不属于词，不过汉语中的语素大部分是词，具有高度的<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E8%AF%AD" title="分析语">分析</a>特征。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="语素的识别"><span id=".E8.AF.AD.E7.B4.A0.E7.9A.84.E8.AF.86.E5.88.AB"></span>语素的识别</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AA%9E%E7%B4%A0&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：语素的识别"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="难点"><span id=".E9.9A.BE.E7.82.B9"></span>难点</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AA%9E%E7%B4%A0&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：难点"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>汉语中语素的识别的难点在于，一些词是否可分为更小的有意义单位。<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE杨陈2019_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE杨陈2019-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>（以下的语素定义为最小的有意义单位） </p><p>1）一些双/多音节结构包括多少语素不确定，这需要对词源的研究。<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE杨陈2019_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE杨陈2019-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>含糊、含混、犹豫、麻烦、警察 </p><p>2）叠音结构包括多少语素不确定。<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE杨陈2019_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE杨陈2019-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>AA式 </p> <ol><li>爸爸、爷爷、叔叔、舅舅</li> <li>看看、想想、走走</li> <li>人人、年年、月月</li></ol> <p>按照最小的有意义单位这一定义，1类的意义不可分割，如“爸爸”的意思等于“爸”； 2类的“看看”不等同与看，有程度的变化，视为两个语素；3类的“人人”是每人的意思，应视为两个语素。<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE杨陈2019_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE杨陈2019-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>AAB式：毛毛虫、毛毛雨、蒙蒙亮 </p><p>ABB式：冷清清、热乎乎、绿油油、红彤彤、慢吞吞 </p><p>AABB式：1）干干净净、整整齐齐 2）吃吃喝喝、吵吵闹闹 </p><p>ABAB式：学习学习、研究研究 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="替换法"><span id=".E6.9B.BF.E6.8D.A2.E6.B3.95"></span>替换法</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AA%9E%E7%B4%A0&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：替换法"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>一些语素可以采用替换其中一部分的方法来辨识语素的个数。<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE张2019_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE张2019-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>例如： </p><p>蝴蝶 </p> <ul><li>～蝶：彩蝶、黑蝶</li> <li>蝴～：？</li></ul> <p>由此可以确认“蝴蝶”和“蝶”都是语素，而“蝴”不是语素。需要注意替换的时候不能改变原有成分的意义，例如，不能用“马车”或“老虎”替换“马虎”。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="按音节分类"><span id=".E6.8C.89.E9.9F.B3.E8.8A.82.E5.88.86.E7.B1.BB"></span>按音节分类</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AA%9E%E7%B4%A0&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：按音节分类"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>因為漢語是一字一音节，所以可按照音节的個數，區分成單音節語素、雙音節語素、多音節語素和非音節語素。<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE刘庞1999_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE刘庞1999-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="單音節語素"><span id=".E5.96.AE.E9.9F.B3.E7.AF.80.E8.AA.9E.E7.B4.A0"></span>單音節語素</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AA%9E%E7%B4%A0&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：單音節語素"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd>由單個音节，即單個漢字組成的語素。例如：天、地、人、中、左、大、了、嗎、哈……等。</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="雙音節語素"><span id=".E9.9B.99.E9.9F.B3.E7.AF.80.E8.AA.9E.E7.B4.A0"></span>雙音節語素</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AA%9E%E7%B4%A0&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：雙音節語素"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd>由兩個音节，即兩個漢字組成的語素。例如：蘿蔔、蘇打、蜻蜓、蜘蛛、吩咐、參差、徘徊、芙蓉……等。</dd> <dd>部分双音节语素可以独立构成<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%A3%E7%B6%BF%E8%A9%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="連綿詞">连绵词</a>。</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="多音節語素"><span id=".E5.A4.9A.E9.9F.B3.E7.AF.80.E8.AA.9E.E7.B4.A0"></span>多音節語素</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AA%9E%E7%B4%A0&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：多音節語素"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd>由多個音节，即三個以上的漢字所組成的語素。例如：巧克力、奧林匹克、羅曼蒂克、凡士林。</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="非音節語素"><span id=".E9.9D.9E.E9.9F.B3.E7.AF.80.E8.AA.9E.E7.B4.A0"></span>非音節語素</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AA%9E%E7%B4%A0&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：非音節語素"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd>如花<small>兒</small>(<span lang="zh-cmn-latn">huār</span>)、鳥<small>兒</small>的「<small>兒</small>」（<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%92%E5%8C%96%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="兒化音">兒化音</a>）不算一個音节，所以被歸為非音節語素。</dd></dl> <p>雙音節語素和多音節語素都可以單獨成詞（<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%95%E7%BA%AF%E8%AF%8D" title="单纯词">單純詞</a>），单音节则不一定。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="按结构分类"><span id=".E6.8C.89.E7.BB.93.E6.9E.84.E5.88.86.E7.B1.BB"></span>按结构分类</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AA%9E%E7%B4%A0&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：按结构分类"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>語素依據是否可獨立<a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%84%E8%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="构词">構詞</a>可分為<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E8%AA%9E%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="自由語素">自由語素</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8F%E7%9D%80%E8%AF%AD%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="黏着语素">规范语素</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>能獨立構詞的為自由語素，否則為规范语素。<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE黄廖2017202_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE黄廖2017202-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE刘庞1999_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE刘庞1999-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="自由语素/成词语素"><span id=".E8.87.AA.E7.94.B1.E8.AF.AD.E7.B4.A0.2F.E6.88.90.E8.AF.8D.E8.AF.AD.E7.B4.A0"></span>自由语素/成词语素</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AA%9E%E7%B4%A0&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：自由语素/成词语素"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>自由語素是可以自由構詞的語素。也就是可以单独构成词，也可以和其他语素构成词。例如： </p> <ul><li>独立构词：好、人、蓝、猫、火、车、hot、dog、land、mine、give、write</li> <li>两个自由语素组合构词：好人、蓝猫、火车、hotdog、landmine</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="黏着语素/不成词语素/规范语素/不自由语素"><span id=".E9.BB.8F.E7.9D.80.E8.AF.AD.E7.B4.A0.2F.E4.B8.8D.E6.88.90.E8.AF.8D.E8.AF.AD.E7.B4.A0.2F.E8.A7.84.E8.8C.83.E8.AF.AD.E7.B4.A0.2F.E4.B8.8D.E8.87.AA.E7.94.B1.E8.AF.AD.E7.B4.A0"></span>黏着语素/不成词语素/规范语素/不自由语素</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AA%9E%E7%B4%A0&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：黏着语素/不成词语素/规范语素/不自由语素"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>规范语素是不能獨立構詞的语素，必须和自由語素或规范语素自己構成詞。例如： </p> <ul><li>读者的-者，语言的-言，芒果的芒-</li> <li>writer 的 -er、active 的 -tive，receive 的 -ceive。</li></ul> <p>规范语素包括派生語素和屈折語素。（汉语没有屈折变化，所以没有这种区分。） </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="派生語素/衍生语素"><span id=".E6.B4.BE.E7.94.9F.E8.AA.9E.E7.B4.A0.2F.E8.A1.8D.E7.94.9F.E8.AF.AD.E7.B4.A0"></span><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%BE%E7%94%9F%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96" title="派生变化">派生</a>語素/衍生语素</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AA%9E%E7%B4%A0&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：派生語素/衍生语素"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd>与自由語素组合后会构成一个相关的新词，<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDelahuntyGarvey76_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDelahuntyGarvey76-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>会改变词类或语义。<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMelinger2001_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMelinger2001-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>例如<u>un</u>-dead、happy-<u>ness</u>。</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="屈折語素"><span id=".E5.B1.88.E6.8A.98.E8.AA.9E.E7.B4.A0"></span><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%88%E6%8A%98%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96" title="屈折变化">屈折</a>語素</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AA%9E%E7%B4%A0&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：屈折語素"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd>与自由語素组合后只会构成一个基本意思不变的新词。<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDelahuntyGarvey76_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDelahuntyGarvey76-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMelinger2001_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMelinger2001-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>例如：read<u>-ing</u>、work<u>-ed</u>、book<u>-s</u>等。现代英语有8个屈折语素，其位置必须出现在派生语素之后。<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDelahuntyGarvey76_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDelahuntyGarvey76-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>有些语言没有自由语素，依靠各种派生/屈折变化构词，如意大利语。<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMelinger2001_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMelinger2001-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="按位置分类"><span id=".E6.8C.89.E4.BD.8D.E7.BD.AE.E5.88.86.E7.B1.BB"></span>按位置分类</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AA%9E%E7%B4%A0&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：按位置分类"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>语素可按组成词后所处的位置是否固定分类。<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE张2019_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE张2019-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="定位语素"><span id=".E5.AE.9A.E4.BD.8D.E8.AF.AD.E7.B4.A0"></span>定位语素</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AA%9E%E7%B4%A0&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：定位语素"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>语素组成词后的位置固定。 </p> <ul><li>～子：桌子、椅子</li> <li>第～：第一</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="非定位语素"><span id=".E9.9D.9E.E5.AE.9A.E4.BD.8D.E8.AF.AD.E7.B4.A0"></span>非定位语素</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AA%9E%E7%B4%A0&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节：非定位语素"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>语素组成词后的位置不固定。 </p> <ul><li>农：农夫、佃农</li> <li>民：民主、人民</li></ul> <p>有些定位语素由非定位语素发展而来，如：员，在古汉语中是非定位语素，而在现代汉语中更具定位语素性质，这样的语素被称为“类词缀”。<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE张2019_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE张2019-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="语素与词根词缀"><span id=".E8.AF.AD.E7.B4.A0.E4.B8.8E.E8.AF.8D.E6.A0.B9.E8.AF.8D.E7.BC.80"></span>语素与词根词缀</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AA%9E%E7%B4%A0&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节：语素与词根词缀"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>标准汉语中，词根包括成词语素（猫、狗等）和非定位不成词语素（如：农、民），而定位不成词语素为词缀（如：阿～、～儿、～子、老～、～头、第～）。<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE黄廖2017202_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE黄廖2017202-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>而现代英语中，词根即自由语素，词缀即规范语素。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="语素与词根词干"><span id=".E8.AF.AD.E7.B4.A0.E4.B8.8E.E8.AF.8D.E6.A0.B9.E8.AF.8D.E5.B9.B2"></span>语素与词根词干</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AA%9E%E7%B4%A0&action=edit&section=18" title="编辑章节：语素与词根词干"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%8D%E6%A0%B9" title="词根">词根</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%8D%E5%B9%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="词干">词干</a>的区别在于词根只能由一个语素组成，而词干可以由多个语素组成。以英語为例，unbreakable 這個词有三個語素：un-（规范语素，表示否定）、break（自由語素，表示破坏）和 -able（规范语素，表示具有可能性），合起来的意思是不可破坏的。<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>其中 break 和 -able 组合表示可破坏的，break是词根，也是词干；un- 和 breakable 组合表示不可破坏的，其中breakable不是词根，是词干。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="按意义虚实分类"><span id=".E6.8C.89.E6.84.8F.E4.B9.89.E8.99.9A.E5.AE.9E.E5.88.86.E7.B1.BB"></span>按意义虚实分类</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AA%9E%E7%B4%A0&action=edit&section=19" title="编辑章节：按意义虚实分类"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>语素依据是否有实际意义可以分为实语素和虚语素。自由语素大多数是实语素；规范语素可以是实语素，也可以是虚语素。<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMelinger2001_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMelinger2001-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="实语素/自由词根/free_root"><span id=".E5.AE.9E.E8.AF.AD.E7.B4.A0.2F.E8.87.AA.E7.94.B1.E8.AF.8D.E6.A0.B9.2Ffree_root"></span>实语素/自由词根/free root</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AA%9E%E7%B4%A0&action=edit&section=20" title="编辑章节：实语素/自由词根/free root"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>例如“老人”表示年长的人，这里的“老”表示年长，是实语素。 </p> <ul><li>婴<u>儿</u></li> <li>女<u>子</u></li> <li><u>老</u>汉</li> <li>人<u>头</u></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="虚语素/规范词根/bound_root"><span id=".E8.99.9A.E8.AF.AD.E7.B4.A0.2F.E8.A7.84.E8.8C.83.E8.AF.8D.E6.A0.B9.2Fbound_root"></span>虚语素/规范词根/bound root</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AA%9E%E7%B4%A0&action=edit&section=21" title="编辑章节：虚语素/规范词根/bound root"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>没有实际意义，也不存在任何语法功能的语素。例如“老虎”表示动物—虎，这里的“老”没有实际意义，是虚语素。 </p> <ul><li>鸟<u><small>儿</small></u></li> <li>桌<u>子</u></li> <li><u>老</u>师</li> <li>石<u>头</u></li></ul> <p>而有的语法书按词汇意义和语法意义区分语素的虚实，例如：书，词汇意义是书本，语法意义是名词；吗，只有表疑问的语法意义，没有词汇意义。<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE黄廖2017201_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE黄廖2017201-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="剩余语素"><span id=".E5.89.A9.E4.BD.99.E8.AF.AD.E7.B4.A0"></span>剩余语素</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AA%9E%E7%B4%A0&action=edit&section=22" title="编辑章节：剩余语素"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>剩余语素<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE陆沈2004第二讲_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE陆沈2004第二讲-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>又称一用语素、蔓越莓语素(Cranberry morpheme)，这是一种不带意义、也不带语法功能的语素，只用来和其他类似的词做区分，<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>且仅在一个词中出现。<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>例如： </p> <ul><li>啤酒、苹果、彗星</li> <li><u>cran</u>berry<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>：cran-没有意义，但能和raspberry、blueberry等词做区分，并且语素 cran- 只出现在 cranberry 这一词中。</li> <li>raspberry</li></ul> <p>有的学者按照替代法的测试结果不认同这是语素，其认为语言的发展使非语素变为语素，例如啤酒的啤，最早只用于和红酒、白酒、黄酒等酒区分，但随着生啤、熟啤、黑啤的出现，“啤”成为语素。<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE张2019_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE张2019-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="语素变体"><span id=".E8.AF.AD.E7.B4.A0.E5.8F.98.E4.BD.93"></span>语素变体</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AA%9E%E7%B4%A0&action=edit&section=23" title="编辑章节：语素变体"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E7%B4%A0%E5%8F%98%E4%BD%93" title="语素变体">语素变体</a></div> <p>语素变体是同一个语素的不同发音或书写形式。<a href="/wiki/%E5%84%BF%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="儿化">儿化</a>可以看做是一种语素变体现象。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="语素分析"><span id=".E8.AF.AD.E7.B4.A0.E5.88.86.E6.9E.90"></span>语素分析</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AA%9E%E7%B4%A0&action=edit&section=24" title="编辑章节：语素分析"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86" title="自然语言处理">自然语言处理</a>中，语素分析是把一个句子分解为一连串的语素的过程。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="杂项"><span id=".E6.9D.82.E9.A1.B9"></span>杂项</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AA%9E%E7%B4%A0&action=edit&section=25" title="编辑章节：杂项"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>汉语中的单音节词逐渐往双音节词演变，其结果是成词语素逐渐变为不成词语素，比如”民、祖、语、言“，只留在成语等<a href="/wiki/%E7%86%9F%E8%AF%AD" title="熟语">熟语</a>中继续沿用，如“民以食为天”、“数典忘祖”、“三言两语”等。<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE黄廖2017202_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE黄廖2017202-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>语素如何组合成词有时会有<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E7%BE%A9%E8%A9%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="多義詞">歧义</a>，比如“非理性主义”，可以认为是非-理性主义或非理性-主义两种不同组合，分别表示“不是理性主义”和“不理性的主义”；同理可见，unlockable，可以认为是 un-lockable 或 unlock-able，分别表示“不可上锁的”和“可解锁的”。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参见"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.A7.81"></span>参见</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AA%9E%E7%B4%A0&action=edit&section=26" title="编辑章节：参见"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E7%B4%A0%E6%A7%8B%E8%A9%9E%E5%AD%B8" title="語素構詞學">語素構詞學</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="注释"><span id=".E6.B3.A8.E9.87.8A"></span>注释</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AA%9E%E7%B4%A0&action=edit&section=27" title="编辑章节：注释"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="notelist" style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">“词”的定义有歧义，例如：花与花-儿、read与read-ing、book与book-s、可以当成不同的词，也可以当成相同词的不同形式。或者可以说与词根组合后不会构成一个新的<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%8D%E4%BD%8D" title="词位">词位</a>。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">cran的词源是crane（鹤），蔓越莓的颜色与鹤顶的相似。</span> </li> </ol> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="引用"><span id=".E5.BC.95.E7.94.A8"></span>引用</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AA%9E%E7%B4%A0&action=edit&section=28" title="编辑章节：引用"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.termonline.cn/word/120834/1#s1">语素术语在线</a>. termonline.cn. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-07-27</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220717213333/https://www.termonline.cn/word/120834/1#s1">存档</a>于2022-07-17）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%AA%9E%E7%B4%A0&rft.atitle=%E8%AF%AD%E7%B4%A0+%E6%9C%AF%E8%AF%AD%E5%9C%A8%E7%BA%BF&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=termonline.cn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.termonline.cn%2Fword%2F120834%2F1%23s1&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.termonline.cn/word/120886/1">词素术语在线</a>. termonline.cn. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-07-28</span>]</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%AA%9E%E7%B4%A0&rft.atitle=%E8%AF%8D%E7%B4%A0+%E6%9C%AF%E8%AF%AD%E5%9C%A8%E7%BA%BF&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=termonline.cn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.termonline.cn%2Fword%2F120886%2F1&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE元任197979-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE元任197979_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREF元任1979">元任 1979</a>，第79頁.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn模板錯誤: 無指向目標: CITEREF元任1979 (<a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E5%93%88%E4%BD%9B%E5%8F%82%E8%80%83%E6%96%87%E7%8C%AE%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BF%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5%E6%8C%87%E5%90%91%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF%E7%9A%84%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="Category:含有哈佛参考文献格式系列模板链接指向错误的页面">幫助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE黄廖2017201-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE黄廖2017201_4-0"><sup><b>4.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE黄廖2017201_4-1"><sup><b>4.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREF黄廖2017">黄 & 廖 2017</a>，第201頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE刘庞1999-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE刘庞1999_5-0"><sup><b>5.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE刘庞1999_5-1"><sup><b>5.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE刘庞1999_5-2"><sup><b>5.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREF刘庞1999">刘 & 庞 1999</a>.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn模板錯誤: 無指向目標: CITEREF刘庞1999 (<a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E5%93%88%E4%BD%9B%E5%8F%82%E8%80%83%E6%96%87%E7%8C%AE%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BF%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5%E6%8C%87%E5%90%91%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF%E7%9A%84%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="Category:含有哈佛参考文献格式系列模板链接指向错误的页面">幫助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDelahuntyGarvey76-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDelahuntyGarvey76_6-0"><sup><b>6.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDelahuntyGarvey76_6-1"><sup><b>6.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDelahuntyGarvey76_6-2"><sup><b>6.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDelahuntyGarvey76_6-3"><sup><b>6.3</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDelahuntyGarvey">Delahunty & Garvey</a>，第76頁.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn模板錯誤: 無指向目標: CITEREFDelahuntyGarvey (<a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E5%93%88%E4%BD%9B%E5%8F%82%E8%80%83%E6%96%87%E7%8C%AE%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BF%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5%E6%8C%87%E5%90%91%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF%E7%9A%84%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="Category:含有哈佛参考文献格式系列模板链接指向错误的页面">幫助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE杨陈2019-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE杨陈2019_7-0"><sup><b>7.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE杨陈2019_7-1"><sup><b>7.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE杨陈2019_7-2"><sup><b>7.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE杨陈2019_7-3"><sup><b>7.3</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREF杨陈2019">杨 & 陈 2019</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE张2019-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE张2019_8-0"><sup><b>8.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE张2019_8-1"><sup><b>8.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE张2019_8-2"><sup><b>8.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE张2019_8-3"><sup><b>8.3</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREF张2019">张 2019</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Kemmer, Suzanne. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~kemmer/Words04/structure/index.html">Words in English: Structure</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">10 April</span> 2014]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040831200411/http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~kemmer/Words04/structure/index.html">存档</a>于2004-08-31）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%AA%9E%E7%B4%A0&rft.aufirst=Suzanne&rft.aulast=Kemmer&rft.btitle=Words+in+English%3A+Structure&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ruf.rice.edu%2F~kemmer%2FWords04%2Fstructure%2Findex.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE黄廖2017202-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE黄廖2017202_10-0"><sup><b>10.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE黄廖2017202_10-1"><sup><b>10.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE黄廖2017202_10-2"><sup><b>10.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREF黄廖2017">黄 & 廖 2017</a>，第202頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMelinger2001-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMelinger2001_11-0"><sup><b>11.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMelinger2001_11-1"><sup><b>11.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMelinger2001_11-2"><sup><b>11.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMelinger2001_11-3"><sup><b>11.3</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMelinger2001">Melinger 2001</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.vocabulary.com/lists/39617">https://www.vocabulary.com/lists/39617</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE陆沈2004第二讲-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE陆沈2004第二讲_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREF陆沈2004">陆 & 沈 2004</a>，第第二讲頁.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lexicon.hum.uu.nl/home.pl">Lexicon of Linguistics</a>. lexicon.hum.uu.nl. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">28 July</span> 2022]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221021230800/https://lexicon.hum.uu.nl/home.pl">存档</a>于2022-10-21）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%AA%9E%E7%B4%A0&rft.atitle=Lexicon+of+Linguistics&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=lexicon.hum.uu.nl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flexicon.hum.uu.nl%2Fhome.pl&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/cranberry-morpheme-words-and-word-parts-1689809">How Is a Cranberry Morpheme Used in English Grammar?</a>. ThoughtCo. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">30 July</span> 2022]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220729200724/https://www.thoughtco.com/cranberry-morpheme-words-and-word-parts-1689809">存档</a>于2022-07-29）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%AA%9E%E7%B4%A0&rft.atitle=How+Is+a+Cranberry+Morpheme+Used+in+English+Grammar%3F&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ThoughtCo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thoughtco.com%2Fcranberry-morpheme-words-and-word-parts-1689809&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AA%9E%E7%B4%A0&action=edit&section=29" title="编辑章节：参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r80540462">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <dl><dt>书籍</dt></dl> <ul><li><cite class="citation book">赵, 元任. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://book.douban.com/subject/1736742/">汉语口语语法</a>. 吕叔湘 (trans.). 商务印书馆. 1979-12 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-08-01</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-7-100-02256-9" title="Special:网络书源/978-7-100-02256-9"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-7-100-02256-9</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220801114054/https://book.douban.com/subject/1736742/">存档</a>于2022-08-01）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%AA%9E%E7%B4%A0&rft.aufirst=%E5%85%83%E4%BB%BB&rft.aulast=%E8%B5%B5&rft.btitle=%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E5%8F%A3%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95&rft.date=1979-12&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-7-100-02256-9&rft.pub=%E5%95%86%E5%8A%A1%E5%8D%B0%E4%B9%A6%E9%A6%86&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbook.douban.com%2Fsubject%2F1736742%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">劉, 利; 龐, 月光. 語法. 海峰出版社. 1999. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/962-238-272-X" title="Special:网络书源/962-238-272-X"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 962-238-272-X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%AA%9E%E7%B4%A0&rft.au=%E9%BE%90%2C+%E6%9C%88%E5%85%89&rft.aufirst=%E5%88%A9&rft.aulast=%E5%8A%89&rft.btitle=%E8%AA%9E%E6%B3%95&rft.date=1999&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=962-238-272-X&rft.pub=%E6%B5%B7%E5%B3%B0%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">黄, 伯荣; 廖, 序东. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://book.douban.com/subject/27094402/">现代汉语（上册）（增订六版）</a>. 高等教育出版社. 2017-06-01 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-07-30</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-7-04-046593-8" title="Special:网络书源/978-7-04-046593-8"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-7-04-046593-8</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220730235710/https://book.douban.com/subject/27094402/">存档</a>于2022-07-30）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%AA%9E%E7%B4%A0&rft.au=%E5%BB%96%2C+%E5%BA%8F%E4%B8%9C&rft.aufirst=%E4%BC%AF%E8%8D%A3&rft.aulast=%E9%BB%84&rft.btitle=%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%EF%BC%88%E4%B8%8A%E5%86%8C%EF%BC%89%EF%BC%88%E5%A2%9E%E8%AE%A2%E5%85%AD%E7%89%88%EF%BC%89&rft.date=2017-06-01&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-7-04-046593-8&rft.pub=%E9%AB%98%E7%AD%89%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbook.douban.com%2Fsubject%2F27094402%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">杨, 锡彭; 陈, 立中. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://book.douban.com/subject/34861645/">现代汉语</a>. 汉语言文学本科专业核心课程研究导引教材. 南京大学出版社. 2019-08 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-08-01</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-7-305-21928-3" title="Special:网络书源/978-7-305-21928-3"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-7-305-21928-3</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220801121446/https://book.douban.com/subject/34861645/">存档</a>于2022-08-01）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%AA%9E%E7%B4%A0&rft.au=%E9%99%88%2C+%E7%AB%8B%E4%B8%AD&rft.aufirst=%E9%94%A1%E5%BD%AD&rft.aulast=%E6%9D%A8&rft.btitle=%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD&rft.date=2019-08&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-7-305-21928-3&rft.pub=%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft.series=%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E6%9C%AC%E7%A7%91%E4%B8%93%E4%B8%9A%E6%A0%B8%E5%BF%83%E8%AF%BE%E7%A8%8B%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%AF%BC%E5%BC%95%E6%95%99%E6%9D%90&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbook.douban.com%2Fsubject%2F34861645%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">陆, 俭明; 沈, 阳. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://book.douban.com/subject/1074630/">汉语和汉语研究十五讲</a>. 名家通识讲座书系. 北京大学出版社. 2004-06 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-08-14</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-7-301-06106-0" title="Special:网络书源/978-7-301-06106-0"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-7-301-06106-0</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220814113437/https://book.douban.com/subject/1074630/">存档</a>于2022-08-14）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%AA%9E%E7%B4%A0&rft.au=%E6%B2%88%2C+%E9%98%B3&rft.aufirst=%E4%BF%AD%E6%98%8E&rft.aulast=%E9%99%86&rft.btitle=%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E5%92%8C%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%94%E8%AE%B2&rft.date=2004-06&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-7-301-06106-0&rft.pub=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft.series=%E5%90%8D%E5%AE%B6%E9%80%9A%E8%AF%86%E8%AE%B2%E5%BA%A7%E4%B9%A6%E7%B3%BB&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbook.douban.com%2Fsubject%2F1074630%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">张, 斌. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://book.douban.com/subject/33478749/">汉语语法学</a>. 上海人民出版社. 2019-06 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-08-19</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-7-208-14663-1" title="Special:网络书源/978-7-208-14663-1"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-7-208-14663-1</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220819003719/https://book.douban.com/subject/33478749/">存档</a>于2022-08-19）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%AA%9E%E7%B4%A0&rft.aufirst=%E6%96%8C&rft.aulast=%E5%BC%A0&rft.btitle=%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95%E5%AD%A6&rft.date=2019-06&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-7-208-14663-1&rft.pub=%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbook.douban.com%2Fsubject%2F33478749%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Spencer, Andrew. Morphological Theory. Oxford: Blackwell. 1992.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%AA%9E%E7%B4%A0&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft.aulast=Spencer&rft.btitle=Morphological+Theory&rft.date=1992&rft.genre=book&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Blackwell&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Delahunty, Gerald Patrick; Garvey, James J. The English language : from sound to sense. Fort Collins, Colo.: Parlor Press and the WAC Clearinghouse. 2010. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-1-60235-181-3" title="Special:网络书源/978-1-60235-181-3"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-1-60235-181-3</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/677863963"><span title="OCLC">OCLC 677863963</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%AA%9E%E7%B4%A0&rft.au=Garvey%2C+James+J.&rft.aufirst=Gerald+Patrick&rft.aulast=Delahunty&rft.btitle=The+English+language+%3A+from+sound+to+sense&rft.date=2010&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-60235-181-3&rft.place=Fort+Collins%2C+Colo.&rft.pub=Parlor+Press+and+the+WAC+Clearinghouse&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F677863963&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">请检查<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|access-date=</code>中的日期值 (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#bad_date" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>); </span><span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">使用<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|accessdate=</code>需要含有<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#accessdate_missing_url" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></li></ul></div> <dl><dt>论文</dt></dl> <ul><li><cite class="citation journal">Melinger, Alissa. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arts-sciences.buffalo.edu/content/dam/arts-sciences/linguistics/AlumniDissertations/Melinger%20dissertation.pdf">Morphological complexity in English prefixed words: an experimental investigation</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. 2001 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-07-28</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210702022021/https://arts-sciences.buffalo.edu/content/dam/arts-sciences/linguistics/AlumniDissertations/Melinger%20dissertation.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2021-07-02）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%AA%9E%E7%B4%A0&rft.atitle=Morphological+complexity+in+English+prefixed+words%3A+an+experimental+investigation&rft.aufirst=Alissa&rft.aulast=Melinger&rft.date=2001&rft.genre=article&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farts-sciences.buffalo.edu%2Fcontent%2Fdam%2Farts-sciences%2Flinguistics%2FAlumniDissertations%2FMelinger%2520dissertation.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部連結"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.80.A3.E7.B5.90"></span>外部連結</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AA%9E%E7%B4%A0&action=edit&section=30" title="编辑章节：外部連結"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070523063957/http://www.educationoasis.com/curriculum/Reading/glossary_reading_terms.htm">Glossary of Reading Terms</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prefixsuffix.com/">Comprehensive and searchable morpheme reference</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20190514234130/http://www.prefixsuffix.com/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ling.upenn.edu/courses/Fall_2007/ling001/morphology.html">Linguistics 001 — Lecture 7 — Morphology</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20100706193016/http://www.ling.upenn.edu/courses/Fall_2007/ling001/morphology.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） by Prof. Mark Lieberman</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://specgram.com/LP/26.coma.morpheme.html">Morphemes — A New Threat to Society</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20110607041757/http://specgram.com/LP/26.coma.morpheme.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）: A humorous look at morphemes. Accurate, but purposely confuses morphemes with narcotics (i.e., "morphine]").</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darkwing.uoregon.edu/~l150web/studyaid/">Morpheme Study Aid</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20100228233154/http://darkwing.uoregon.edu/~l150web/studyaid/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li></ul> <div style="clear: both; height: 1em"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:" :"}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe li::after{content:" | ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen li::after{content:" - ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-comma dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-comma li::after{content:"、";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:"（"counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output ul.cslist,.mw-parser-output ul.sslist{margin:0;padding:0;display:inline-block;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .cslist li,.mw-parser-output .sslist li{margin:0;display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output .cslist li::after{content:"，"}.mw-parser-output .sslist li::after{content:"；"}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .sslist li:last-child::after{content:none}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84261037">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf;position:relative}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em;width:auto;padding-left:0.2em;position:absolute;left:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{margin-left:0.5em;position:absolute;right:1em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="語言單位" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E5%8D%95%E4%BD%8D" title="Template:语言单位"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E5%8D%95%E4%BD%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:语言单位（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E5%8D%95%E4%BD%8D" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:语言单位"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="語言單位" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="語言">語言</a>單位</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E9%9F%B3%E5%AD%A6" title="语音学">语音</a>单位</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E9%9F%B3" title="語音">語音</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E8%8A%82" title="音节">音节</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="元音">元音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%85%E9%9F%B3" title="辅音">辅音</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E4%BD%8D" title="音位">音位</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E6%AE%B5" title="音段">音段</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B5%E5%BE%8B%E5%8D%95%E4%BD%8D" title="韵律单位">韵律</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="语义单位" data-lang-code="d" data-lang-name="維基數據" data-foreign-title="Q15916540"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AF%AD%E4%B9%89%E5%8D%95%E4%BD%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="语义单位（页面不存在）">语义单位</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">維基數據所列</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15916540" class="extiw" title="d:Q15916540"><span lang="d" dir="auto">Q15916540</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%89%E7%B4%A0" title="义素">义素</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%89%E4%BD%8D" title="义位">义位</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%9E_(%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80)" title="詞 (語言)">词</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A5%E5%AD%90" title="句子">句子</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%91%BD%E9%A2%98" title="命题">命题</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E6%8F%90" title="前提">前提</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%A6%E5%80%BC_(%E9%82%8F%E8%BC%AF)" title="賦值 (邏輯)">赋值</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%95%B4%E6%B6%B5" title="蕴涵">蕴涵</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95%E5%8D%95%E4%BD%8D" title="语法单位">语法单位</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%8D%E6%B3%95%E5%AD%A6" title="词法学">词法</a>单位</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">語素</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%8D%E6%A0%B9" title="词根">词根</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%9E%E5%B9%B9" title="詞幹">詞幹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%9E%E7%B6%B4" title="詞綴">詞綴</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A5%E6%B3%95" title="句法">句法</a>单位</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%9E_(%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80)" title="詞 (語言)">词</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%AD%E8%AF%AD" title="短语">短语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%8E%E5%8F%A5" title="从句">子句</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A5%E5%AD%90" title="句子">句子</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AF%AD%E7%AF%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="语篇（页面不存在）">语篇</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%95%E5%8F%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="单句（页面不存在）">单句</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A4%87%E5%8F%A5" title="複句">复句</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AE%B5%E8%90%BD" title="段落">段落</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AF%87%E7%AB%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="篇章（页面不存在）">篇章</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="词汇学" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Lexicology" title="Template:Lexicology"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Lexicology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Lexicology（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:Lexicology" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:Lexicology"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="词汇学" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%8D%E6%B1%87%E5%AD%A6" title="词汇学">词汇学</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">主要術語</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="詞彙項目" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Lexical item"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A9%9E%E5%BD%99%E9%A0%85%E7%9B%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="詞彙項目（页面不存在）">詞彙項目</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexical_item" class="extiw" title="en:Lexical item"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Lexical item</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%8D%E5%BA%93" title="词库">词库</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="词汇单元" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Lexis (linguistics)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AF%8D%E6%B1%87%E5%8D%95%E5%85%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="词汇单元（页面不存在）">词汇单元</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexis_(linguistics)" class="extiw" title="en:Lexis (linguistics)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Lexis (linguistics)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%9E_(%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80)" title="詞 (語言)">詞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%8D%E7%9B%AE" title="词目">词目</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9E%E8%AF%8D" title="实词">实词</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%99%9A%E8%AF%8D" title="虚词">虚词</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">詞彙單元</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%97%E5%BD%A2" title="字形">字形</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%97%E4%BD%8D" title="字位">字位</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="词元" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Lemma (psycholinguistics)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AF%8D%E5%85%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="词元（页面不存在）">词元</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemma_(psycholinguistics)" class="extiw" title="en:Lemma (psycholinguistics)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Lemma (psycholinguistics)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%8D%E4%BD%8D" title="词位">词位</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">語素</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E4%BD%8D" title="音位">音位</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%89%E7%B4%A0" title="义素">义素</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%89%E4%BD%8D" title="义位">义位</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E4%B9%89%E5%AD%A6" title="语义学">語義關連</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%8D%E6%B1%87%E8%AF%AD%E4%B9%89%E5%AD%A6" title="词汇语义学">词汇语义学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E4%B9%89%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C" title="语义网络">語義網絡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E4%B9%89%E8%AF%8D" title="同义词">同义词</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E4%B9%89%E8%AF%8D" title="反义词">反义词</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E9%9F%B3%E8%AF%8D" title="同音词">同音词</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%82%E9%9F%B3%E8%AF%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="异音词（页面不存在）">异音词</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E5%BD%A2%E8%A9%9E" title="同形詞">同形词</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%82%E5%BD%A2%E8%AF%8D" title="异形词">异形词</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B4%E4%BD%93%E8%AF%8D" title="整体词">整体词</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E4%BD%93%E8%AF%8D" title="分体词">分体词</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="上下义关系" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Hyponymy and hypernymy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%8A%E4%B8%8B%E4%B9%89%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="上下义关系（页面不存在）">上下义关系</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyponymy_and_hypernymy" class="extiw" title="en:Hyponymy and hypernymy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Hyponymy and hypernymy</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E5%BC%8F%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="方式关系">方式关系</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">詞彙領域</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%97%E6%8E%A7%E8%AF%8D%E8%A1%A8" title="受控词表">受控词表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80%E8%AF%8D%E6%B1%87" title="国际科技词汇">國際科學詞彙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%8D%E6%B3%95%E5%AD%A6" title="词法学">词法学</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="汉语语法" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E%E8%AA%9E%E6%B3%95%E6%A6%82%E5%BF%B5" title="Template:漢語語法概念"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E%E8%AA%9E%E6%B3%95%E6%A6%82%E5%BF%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:漢語語法概念（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E%E8%AA%9E%E6%B3%95%E6%A6%82%E5%BF%B5" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:漢語語法概念"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="汉语语法" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95" title="汉语语法">汉语语法</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">特性</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E8%AF%AD" title="分析语">分析语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E5%8B%95%E8%B3%93%E8%AA%9E%E5%BA%8F" title="主動賓語序">主動賓語序</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%9D%E9%A2%98%E4%BC%98%E5%85%88%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="话题优先语言">话题优先语言</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%9E_(%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80)" title="詞 (語言)">詞</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">结构</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">語素</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%95%E7%BA%AF%E8%AF%8D" title="单纯词">单纯词</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%88%E6%88%90%E8%AF%8D" title="合成词">合成词</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%8D%E7%B1%BB" title="汉语词类">詞類</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9E%E8%AF%8D" title="实词">实词</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8D%E8%A9%9E" title="名詞">名詞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A3%E8%A9%9E" title="代詞">代詞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A8%E8%AF%8D" title="动词">动词</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%BD%E6%84%BF%E5%8A%A8%E8%AF%8D" title="能愿动词">能愿动词</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8B%E5%90%91%E5%8A%A8%E8%AF%8D" title="趋向动词">趋向动词</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%A2%E5%AE%B9%E8%AF%8D" title="形容词">形容词</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB%E8%AF%8D" title="区别词">区别词</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E8%A9%9E" title="數詞">數詞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E8%AF%8D" title="量词">量词</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%99%9A%E8%AF%8D" title="虚词">虚词</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%AF%E8%A9%9E" title="副詞">副詞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%8B%E8%A9%9E" title="介詞">介詞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%A3%E8%A9%9E" title="連詞">連詞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A9%E8%A9%9E" title="助詞">助詞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9F%E5%8F%B9%E8%AF%8D" title="感叹词">感叹词</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%93%AC%E8%81%B2%E8%A9%9E" title="擬聲詞">擬聲詞</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BC%E8%AA%9E%E8%A9%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="發語詞（页面不存在）">發語詞</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E8%A8%80%E6%96%87" title="文言文">文言文</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%AD%E8%AF%AD" title="短语">词组</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">基本</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E8%AC%82%E7%9F%AD%E8%AA%9E" title="主謂短語">主謂短語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%81%8F%E6%AD%A3%E7%9F%AD%E8%AA%9E" title="偏正短語">偏正短語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%B0%E8%B3%93%E7%9F%AD%E8%AA%9E" title="述賓短語">述賓短語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%B0%E8%A3%9C%E7%9F%AD%E8%AA%9E" title="述補短語">述補短語</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E7%9F%AD%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="聯合短語（页面不存在）">聯合短語</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">特殊</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%9F%AD%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="同位短語（页面不存在）">同位短語</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%80%A3%E8%AC%82%E7%9F%AD%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="連謂短語（页面不存在）">連謂短語</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%BC%E8%AA%9E%E7%9F%AD%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="兼語短語（页面不存在）">兼語短語</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%8F%E8%A9%9E%E7%9F%AD%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="量詞短語（页面不存在）">量詞短語</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%8B%E8%A9%9E%E7%9F%AD%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="介詞短語（页面不存在）">介詞短語</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B9%E4%BD%8D%E7%9F%AD%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="方位短語（页面不存在）">方位短語</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%97%E7%9F%AD%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="的字短語（页面不存在）">的字短語</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%89%80%E5%AD%97%E7%9F%AD%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="所字短語（页面不存在）">所字短語</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AF%94%E6%B3%81%E7%9F%AD%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="比況短語（页面不存在）">比況短語</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B7%8A%E7%B8%AE%E7%9F%AD%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="緊縮短語（页面不存在）">緊縮短語</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A5%E5%AD%90" title="句子">句子</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">類型</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%98%E4%BA%8B%E5%8F%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="敘事句（页面不存在）">敘事句</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%A4%E6%96%B7%E5%8F%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="判斷句（页面不存在）">判斷句</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E7%84%A1%E5%8F%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="有無句（页面不存在）">有無句</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A1%A8%E6%85%8B%E5%8F%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="表態句（页面不存在）">表態句</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">型式</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B3%E8%BF%B0%E5%8F%A5" title="陳述句">陳述句</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%96%91%E5%95%8F%E5%8F%A5" title="疑問句">疑問句</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%88%E4%BD%BF%E8%AA%9E%E6%B0%A3" title="祈使語氣">祈使句</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%84%9F%E5%98%86%E5%8F%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="感嘆句（页面不存在）">感嘆句</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%96%AE%E5%8F%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="單句（页面不存在）">單句</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">一般</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E8%B0%93%E5%8F%A5" title="主谓句">主谓句</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%9E%E4%B8%BB%E8%AC%82%E5%8F%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="非主謂句（页面不存在）">非主謂句</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">特殊</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%8A%E5%AD%97%E5%8F%A5" title="把字句">把字句</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A2%AB%E5%AD%97%E5%8F%A5" title="被字句">被字句</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%80%A3%E5%8B%95%E5%8F%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="連動句（页面不存在）">連動句</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%BC%E8%AA%9E%E5%8F%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="兼語句（页面不存在）">兼語句</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%98%AF%E5%AD%97%E5%8F%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="是字句（页面不存在）">是字句</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%98%E7%8F%BE%E5%8F%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="存現句（页面不存在）">存現句</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A4%87%E5%8F%A5" title="複句">複句</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%A6%E5%88%97%E8%A4%87%E5%8F%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="並列複句（页面不存在）">並列複句</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%89%BF%E6%8E%A5%E8%A4%87%E5%8F%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="承接複句（页面不存在）">承接複句</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%9E%E9%80%B2%E8%A4%87%E5%8F%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="遞進複句（页面不存在）">遞進複句</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%B8%E6%93%87%E8%A4%87%E5%8F%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="選擇複句（页面不存在）">選擇複句</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BD%89%E6%8A%98%E8%A4%87%E5%8F%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="轉折複句（页面不存在）">轉折複句</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%81%87%E8%A8%AD%E8%A4%87%E5%8F%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="假設複句（页面不存在）">假設複句</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%A0%E6%9E%9C%E8%A4%87%E5%8F%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="因果複句（页面不存在）">因果複句</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%9D%E4%BB%B6%E8%A4%87%E5%8F%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="條件複句（页面不存在）">條件複句</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A7%A3%E8%AA%AA%E8%A4%87%E5%8F%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="解說複句（页面不存在）">解說複句</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9B%AE%E7%9A%84%E8%A4%87%E5%8F%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="目的複句（页面不存在）">目的複句</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="语法关系">语法关系</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E8%AA%9E" title="主語">主語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AC%82%E8%AA%9E" title="謂語">謂語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%93%E8%AA%9E" title="賓語">賓語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9A%E8%AA%9E" title="定語">定語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%80%E8%AA%9E" title="狀語">狀語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A5%E8%AF%AD" title="补语">补语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E8%AF%AD" title="中心语">中心語</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8D%A8%E7%AB%8B%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="獨立語（页面不存在）">獨立語</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="主题"><img alt="主题" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%A6" title="Portal:语言学">語言學主題</a> · <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="模板"><img alt="模板" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Symbol_template_class.svg/16px-Symbol_template_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Symbol_template_class.svg/23px-Symbol_template_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Symbol_template_class.svg/31px-Symbol_template_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD" title="Template:汉语">漢語模板</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=語素&oldid=84066790">https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=語素&oldid=84066790</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" title="Special:页面分类">分类</a>：<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E5%BD%A2%E6%80%81%E5%8D%95%E4%BD%8D" title="Category:语言形态单位">语言形态单位</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E9%98%85%E8%AF%BB" title="Category:学习阅读">学习阅读</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E9%96%B1%E8%AE%80" title="Category:閱讀">閱讀</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%A6%E6%9C%AF%E8%AF%AD" title="Category:语言学术语">语言学术语</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">隐藏分类：<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E5%93%88%E4%BD%9B%E5%8F%82%E8%80%83%E6%96%87%E7%8C%AE%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BF%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5%E6%8C%87%E5%90%91%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF%E7%9A%84%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="Category:含有哈佛参考文献格式系列模板链接指向错误的页面">含有哈佛参考文献格式系列模板链接指向错误的页面</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:含有英語的條目">含有英語的條目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E9%9D%9E%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E5%85%A7%E5%AE%B9%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:含有非中文內容的條目">含有非中文內容的條目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF%EF%BC%9A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%9F" title="Category:引文格式1错误：日期">引文格式1错误：日期</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E8%AE%BF%E9%97%AE%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%9F%E4%BD%86%E6%97%A0%E7%BD%91%E5%9D%80%E7%9A%84%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E7%9A%84%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="Category:含有访问日期但无网址的引用的页面">含有访问日期但无网址的引用的页面</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> 本页面最后修订于2024年9月2日 (星期一) 21:03。</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">本站的全部文字在<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.zh">知识共享署名-相同方式共享 4.0协议</a>之条款下提供，附加条款亦可能应用。（请参阅<a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">使用条款</a>）<br /> Wikipedia®和维基百科标志是<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/zh">维基媒体基金会</a>的注册商标；维基™是维基媒体基金会的商标。<br /> 维基媒体基金会是按美国国內稅收法501(c)(3)登记的<a class="external text" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tax_deductibility">非营利慈善机构</a>。<br /></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">隐私政策</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E">关于维基百科</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%8D%E8%B4%A3%E5%A3%B0%E6%98%8E">免责声明</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">行为准则</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">开发者</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/zh.wikipedia.org">统计</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie声明</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//zh.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E8%AA%9E%E7%B4%A0&oldid=84066790&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">手机版视图</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-7fc47fc68d-krcvg","wgBackendResponseTime":265,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.732","walltime":"1.133","ppvisitednodes":{"value":2277,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":93761,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":1022,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":26,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":8,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":41324,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1007.139 1 -total"," 22.75% 229.130 1 Template:Refend"," 21.21% 213.648 4 Template:Navbox"," 15.10% 152.044 1 Template:语言单位"," 14.59% 146.944 1 Template:Lang-en"," 9.81% 98.815 26 Template:Sfn"," 7.44% 74.904 1 Template:Reflist"," 6.05% 60.947 5 Template:Cite_web"," 5.12% 51.604 1 Template:NoteTA"," 4.17% 41.953 1 Template:WikidataLink"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.486","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":26473067,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFDelahuntyGarvey2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKemmer\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMelinger2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSpencer1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREF劉龐1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREF张2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREF杨陈2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREF赵1979\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREF陆沈2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREF黄廖2017\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"-\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 8,\n [\"Cite paper\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 5,\n [\"Efn\"] = 2,\n [\"Lang-en\"] = 1,\n [\"Lexicology\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 1,\n [\"NoteTA\"] = 1,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 1,\n [\"Refend\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 26,\n [\"Wayback\"] = 4,\n [\"漢語拼音\"] = 1,\n [\"漢語語法概念\"] = 1,\n [\"语言单位\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-6bcd787d7f-9jvfm","timestamp":"20241126031151","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"\u8a9e\u7d20","url":"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%AA%9E%E7%B4%A0","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q43249","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q43249","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"\u7ef4\u57fa\u5a92\u4f53\u9879\u76ee\u8d21\u732e\u8005"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2005-06-06T15:17:00Z","dateModified":"2024-09-02T21:03:36Z"}</script> </body> </html>