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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Toho_incarnations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 Toho incarnations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Toho_incarnations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Appearances" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Appearances"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Appearances </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Appearances-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Appearances subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Appearances-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Film" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Film"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Film </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Film-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Television" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Television"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Television </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Television-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural_impact" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_impact"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Cultural impact </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural_impact-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Citations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_and_cited_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_and_cited_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 General and cited sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_and_cited_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">King Kong</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 45 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-45" aria-hidden="true" > 45 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%BA_%D9%83%D9%88%D9%86%D8%BA" title="كينغ كونغ – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كينغ كونغ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Kong" title="King Kong – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="King Kong" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Кинг Конг – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кинг Конг" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Kong_(personatge)" title="King Kong (personatge) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="King Kong (personatge)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Kong" title="King Kong – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="King Kong" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Kong" title="King Kong – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="King Kong" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Kong" title="King Kong – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="King Kong" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Kong" title="King Kong – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="King Kong" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B3%CE%BA_%CE%9A%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B3%CE%BA" title="Κινγκ Κονγκ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κινγκ Κονγκ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Kong" title="King Kong – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="King Kong" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Kong" title="King Kong – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="King Kong" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Kong" title="King Kong – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="King Kong" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF_%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%86%DA%AF" title="کینگ کونگ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کینگ کونگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Kong" title="King Kong – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="King Kong" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Kong" title="King Kong – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="King Kong" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%82%B9%EC%BD%A9" title="킹콩 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="킹콩" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%94%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A3_%D5%94%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%A3" title="Քինգ Քոնգ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Քինգ Քոնգ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Kong" title="King Kong – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="King Kong" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Kong" title="King Kong – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="King Kong" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%92_%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%92_(%D7%93%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%AA)" title="קינג קונג (דמות) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קינג קונג (דמות)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92_%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%98" title="კინგ კონგი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კინგ კონგი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Kong" title="King Kong – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="King Kong" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/king.kong" title="king.kong – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="king.kong" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target">La .lojban.</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Kong" title="King Kong – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="King Kong" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Kong" title="King Kong – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="King Kong" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AD%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0%E3%82%B3%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0_(%E6%9E%B6%E7%A9%BA%E3%81%AE%E6%80%AA%E7%8D%A3)" title="キングコング (架空の怪獣) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="キングコング (架空の怪獣)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Kong" title="King Kong – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="King Kong" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Kong" title="King Kong – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="King Kong" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Kong" title="King Kong – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="King Kong" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Kong" title="King Kong – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="King Kong" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Kong" title="King Kong – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="King Kong" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3-%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Кинг-Конг – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кинг-Конг" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Kong_(character)" title="King Kong (character) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="King Kong (character)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%86%DA%AF" title="کۆنگ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کۆنگ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3_(%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA)" title="Кинг Конг (лик) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кинг Конг (лик)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Kong" title="King Kong – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="King Kong" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Kong_(hahmo)" title="King Kong (hahmo) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="King Kong (hahmo)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Kong" title="King Kong – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="King Kong" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Kong" title="King Kong – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="King Kong" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87" title="คิงคอง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คิงคอง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Kong" title="King Kong – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="King Kong" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B3-%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Кінг-Конг – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кінг-Конг" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Kong" title="King Kong – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="King Kong" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Kong" title="King Kong – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="King Kong" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%89%9B_(%E6%80%AA%E7%8D%B8)" title="金剛 (怪獸) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="金剛 (怪獸)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q216810#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/King_Kong" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Article</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:King_Kong" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> 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For the film franchise, see <a href="/wiki/King_Kong_(franchise)" title="King Kong (franchise)">King Kong (franchise)</a>. For the various films with the same name, see <a href="/wiki/King_Kong_(1933_film)" title="King Kong (1933 film)">King Kong (1933 film)</a>, <a href="/wiki/King_Kong_(1976_film)" title="King Kong (1976 film)">King Kong (1976 film)</a>, and <a href="/wiki/King_Kong_(2005_film)" title="King Kong (2005 film)">King Kong (2005 film)</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/King_Kong_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="King Kong (disambiguation)">King Kong (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Fictional character</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1256394594">.mw-parser-output .ib-character{border-spacing:2px 5px}.mw-parser-output .ib-character .infobox-above,.mw-parser-output .ib-character .infobox-header{background-color:#DEDEE2}.mw-parser-output .ib-character .infobox-image img{background-color:#f8f9fa}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ib-character .infobox-above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ib-character .infobox-header{background:hsl(240,6%,20%);color:inherit}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ib-character .infobox-above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ib-character .infobox-header{background:hsl(240,6%,20%);color:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox ib-character"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above notheme">King Kong</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><a href="/wiki/King_Kong_(franchise)" title="King Kong (franchise)">King Kong</a> character</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:King_Kong_1933_Promotional_Image.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/King_Kong_1933_Promotional_Image.png/280px-King_Kong_1933_Promotional_Image.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/King_Kong_1933_Promotional_Image.png/420px-King_Kong_1933_Promotional_Image.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/King_Kong_1933_Promotional_Image.png/560px-King_Kong_1933_Promotional_Image.png 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="613" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">King Kong as featured in promotional material for the original 1933 film</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First appearance</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/King_Kong_(1933_film)" title="King Kong (1933 film)">King Kong</a> (1933)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Created by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Merian_C._Cooper" title="Merian C. Cooper">Merian C. Cooper</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Portrayed by</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="padding: 0px;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:left; padding: 0px;">Various</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left; padding: 0px;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shoichi_Hirose" title="Shoichi Hirose">Shoichi Hirose</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERyfle1998353-1">[1]</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haruo_Nakajima" title="Haruo Nakajima">Haruo Nakajima</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERyfle1998178-2">[2]</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rick_Baker" title="Rick Baker">Rick Baker</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> (1976)</li> <li>Peter Elliott (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andy_Serkis" title="Andy Serkis">Andy Serkis</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_Notary" title="Terry Notary">Terry Notary</a><a href="#cite_note-ew11-4">[4]</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toby_Kebbell" title="Toby Kebbell">Toby Kebbell</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> (2017)</li> <li>Eric Petey<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> (2021)</li> <li>Allan Henry<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-GxK_Mocap-8">[8]</a> (2021/2024)</li></ul> </div> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Voiced by</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="padding: 0px;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:left; padding: 0px;">Various</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left; padding: 0px;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Spivack" title="Murray Spivack">Murray Spivack</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> (1933 vocal effects)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Cullen" title="Peter Cullen">Peter Cullen</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> (1976 vocal effects)</li> <li>Peter Elliott<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> (1986 vocal effects)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_McNeil" title="Scott McNeil">Scott McNeil</a><a href="#cite_note-auto-12">[12]</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kong:_The_Animated_Series" title="Kong: The Animated Series">Kong: The Animated Series</a>, Kong: King of Atlantis, Kong: Return to the Jungle)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andy_Serkis" title="Andy Serkis">Andy Serkis</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> (2005 vocal effects)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Tockar" title="Lee Tockar">Lee Tockar</a><a href="#cite_note-auto-12">[12]</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kong:_King_of_the_Apes" title="Kong: King of the Apes">Kong: King of the Apes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tarzan_and_Jane_(TV_series)" title="Tarzan and Jane (TV series)">Tarzan and Jane</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seth_Green" title="Seth Green">Seth Green</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> (<a href="/wiki/The_Lego_Batman_Movie" title="The Lego Batman Movie">The Lego Batman Movie</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Fennoy" title="Dave Fennoy">Dave Fennoy</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> (<a href="/wiki/Skull_Island:_Rise_of_Kong" title="Skull Island: Rise of Kong">Skull Island: Rise of Kong</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misty_Lee" title="Misty Lee">Misty Lee</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> (Skull Island: Rise of Kong)</li></ul> </div> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">Binomial nomenclature</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Megaprimatus kong (2005)</li> <li>Tagu kong (Kong of Skull Island)</li> <li>Gorilla gigans (Kong Reborn)</li> <li>Titanus kong (<a href="/wiki/MonsterVerse" class="mw-redirect" title="MonsterVerse">MonsterVerse</a>)</li> <li>Apus giganticus (MonsterVerse)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme">In-universe information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Aliases</th><td class="infobox-data">The Eighth Wonder of the World The Beast</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Species</th><td class="infobox-data">Giant gorilla-like ape</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Weapon</th><td class="infobox-data">Axe (MonsterVerse)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Family</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Little Kong (1933)</li> <li>Lady Kong (1986)</li> <li>Baby Kong (1986)</li> <li>Deceased parents (MonsterVerse)</li> <li>Suko (MonsterVerse)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Home</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Skull_Island_(King_Kong)" title="Skull Island (King Kong)">Skull Island</a></li> <li>Faro Island (King Kong vs. Godzilla)</li> <li>Mondo Island (The King Kong Show, King Kong Escapes)</li> <li>Kong Island (Kong: The Animated Series)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hollow_Earth" title="Hollow Earth">Hollow Earth</a> (MonsterVerse, Kong: King of the Apes)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> King Kong, also referred to simply as Kong, is a fictional giant monster, or <a href="/wiki/Kaiju" title="Kaiju">kaiju</a>,<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> resembling a gorilla, who has appeared in various media since 1933. Kong has been dubbed the King of the Beasts,<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> and over time, it would also be bestowed the title of the <a href="/wiki/Eighth_Wonder_of_the_World" title="Eighth Wonder of the World">Eighth Wonder of the World</a>,<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> a widely recognized expression within the franchise. His first appearance was in the <a href="/wiki/Novelization" title="Novelization">novelization</a> of the 1933 film <a href="/wiki/King_Kong_(1933_film)" title="King Kong (1933 film)">King Kong</a> from <a href="/wiki/RKO_Pictures" title="RKO Pictures">RKO Pictures</a>, with the film premiering a little over two months later. A sequel quickly followed that same year with <a href="/wiki/Son_of_Kong" title="Son of Kong">The Son of Kong</a>, featuring Little Kong, also known as "Kiko". The Japanese film company <a href="/wiki/Toho" title="Toho">Toho</a> later produced <a href="/wiki/King_Kong_vs._Godzilla" title="King Kong vs. Godzilla">King Kong vs. Godzilla</a> (1962), featuring a giant Kong battling Toho's <a href="/wiki/Godzilla" title="Godzilla">Godzilla</a>, and <a href="/wiki/King_Kong_Escapes" title="King Kong Escapes">King Kong Escapes</a> (1967), a film loosely based on <a href="/wiki/Rankin/Bass_Animated_Entertainment" title="Rankin/Bass Animated Entertainment">Rankin/Bass</a>' <a href="/wiki/The_King_Kong_Show" title="The King Kong Show">The King Kong Show</a> (1966–1969). In 1976, <a href="/wiki/Dino_De_Laurentiis" title="Dino De Laurentiis">Dino De Laurentiis</a> produced a <a href="/wiki/King_Kong_(1976_film)" title="King Kong (1976 film)">modern remake of the original film</a> directed by <a href="/wiki/John_Guillermin" title="John Guillermin">John Guillermin</a>. A sequel, <a href="/wiki/King_Kong_Lives" title="King Kong Lives">King Kong Lives</a>, followed a decade later featuring a Lady Kong. <a href="/wiki/King_Kong_(2005_film)" title="King Kong (2005 film)">Another remake of the original</a>, set in 1933, was released in 2005 by filmmaker <a href="/wiki/Peter_Jackson" title="Peter Jackson">Peter Jackson</a>. <a href="/wiki/Kong:_Skull_Island" title="Kong: Skull Island">Kong: Skull Island</a> (2017), set in 1973, is part of <a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros._Pictures" title="Warner Bros. Pictures">Warner Bros. Pictures</a> and <a href="/wiki/Legendary_Entertainment" title="Legendary Entertainment">Legendary Entertainment</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Monsterverse" title="Monsterverse">Monsterverse</a>, which began with a reboot of <a href="/wiki/Godzilla_(2014_film)" title="Godzilla (2014 film)">Godzilla</a> in 2014. A sequel, <a href="/wiki/Godzilla_vs._Kong" title="Godzilla vs. Kong">Godzilla vs. Kong</a>, once again pitting the characters against one another, was released in 2021. It was followed by the film <a href="/wiki/Godzilla_x_Kong:_The_New_Empire" title="Godzilla x Kong: The New Empire">Godzilla x Kong: The New Empire</a> in 2024, which featured more of Kong's kind. The character is an international <a href="/wiki/King_Kong_in_popular_culture" title="King Kong in popular culture">pop culture icon</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Erb-20">[20]</a> having inspired a number of sequels, remakes, spin-offs, imitators, parodies, cartoons, books, <a href="/wiki/King_Kong_(comics)" title="King Kong (comics)">comics</a>, video games, theme park rides, and a <a href="/wiki/King_Kong_(2013_musical)" title="King Kong (2013 musical)">stage play</a>.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> King Kong has also crossed over into other franchises, such as <a href="/wiki/Planet_of_the_Apes" title="Planet of the Apes">Planet of the Apes</a>,<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> and encountered characters from other franchises in crossover media, such as the Toho movie monster <a href="/wiki/Godzilla" title="Godzilla">Godzilla</a>, pulp characters <a href="/wiki/List_of_Doc_Savage_novels#Doc_Savage_novels" title="List of Doc Savage novels">Doc Savage</a> and <a href="/wiki/King_Kong_vs._Tarzan" title="King Kong vs. Tarzan">Tarzan</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Justice_League" title="Justice League">Justice League</a>.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> His role in the different narratives varies, ranging from an egregious <a href="/wiki/Monster" title="Monster">monster</a> to a tragic <a href="/wiki/Antihero" title="Antihero">antihero</a>. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=King_Kong&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:King_Kong_ESB.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/King_Kong_ESB.JPG/220px-King_Kong_ESB.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/King_Kong_ESB.JPG/330px-King_Kong_ESB.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/King_Kong_ESB.JPG/440px-King_Kong_ESB.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>King Kong graphics at the <a href="/wiki/Empire_State_Building" title="Empire State Building">Empire State Building</a></figcaption></figure> The King Kong character was conceived and created by American filmmaker <a href="/wiki/Merian_C._Cooper" title="Merian C. Cooper">Merian C. Cooper</a>. In the original film, the character's name is Kong, a name given to him by the inhabitants of the fictional "<a href="/wiki/Skull_Island_(King_Kong)" title="Skull Island (King Kong)">Skull Island</a>" in the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a>, where Kong lives along with other oversized animals, such as <a href="/wiki/Plesiosaur" title="Plesiosaur">plesiosaurs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pterosaur" title="Pterosaur">pterosaurs</a>, and various <a href="/wiki/Dinosaur" title="Dinosaur">dinosaurs</a>. An American film crew, led by <a href="/wiki/Carl_Denham" title="Carl Denham">Carl Denham</a>, captures Kong and takes him to <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> to be exhibited as the "<a href="/wiki/Eighth_Wonder_of_the_World" title="Eighth Wonder of the World">Eighth Wonder of the World</a>". Kong escapes and climbs the <a href="/wiki/Empire_State_Building" title="Empire State Building">Empire State Building</a>, only to fall from the skyscraper after being attacked by weaponized <a href="/wiki/Biplanes" class="mw-redirect" title="Biplanes">biplanes</a>. Denham comments, "It wasn't the aeroplanes, it was beauty killed the beast", for he climbs the building in the first place only in an attempt to protect Ann Darrow, an actress originally kidnapped by the natives of the island and offered up to Kong as a sacrifice (in the 1976 remake, her character is named "Dwan"). A <a href="/wiki/Pseudo-documentary" title="Pseudo-documentary">pseudo-documentary</a> about Skull Island that appears on the DVD for the 2005 remake (originally seen on the <a href="/wiki/Sci_Fi_Channel_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sci Fi Channel (United States)">Sci-Fi Channel</a> at the time of its theatrical release) gives Kong's scientific name as Megaprimatus kong<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> ("Megaprimatus", deriving from the prefix "<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mega-" class="extiw" title="wikt:mega-">mega-</a>" and the <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> words "<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/primate" class="extiw" title="wikt:primate">primate</a>" and "<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/primatus" class="extiw" title="wikt:primatus">primatus</a>", means "big <a href="/wiki/Primate" title="Primate">primate</a>" or "big supreme being") and states that his species may be related to <a href="/wiki/Gigantopithecus" title="Gigantopithecus">Gigantopithecus</a>. However, that genus of giant ape is more closely related to <a href="/wiki/Orangutan" title="Orangutan">orangutans</a> than to gorillas. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conception_and_creation">Conception and creation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=King_Kong&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Conception and creation">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cooper-Kong.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/cc/Cooper-Kong.jpg/220px-Cooper-Kong.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="286" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/cc/Cooper-Kong.jpg/330px-Cooper-Kong.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/cc/Cooper-Kong.jpg/440px-Cooper-Kong.jpg 2x" data-file-width="528" data-file-height="687" /></a><figcaption>Merian C. Cooper glances up at his creation.</figcaption></figure> Merian C. Cooper became fascinated by gorillas at the age of 6.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVaz200514–15-25">[25]</a> In 1899, he was given a book from his uncle called Explorations and Adventures in Equatorial Africa.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> The book, written in 1861, chronicled the adventures of <a href="/wiki/Paul_Du_Chaillu" title="Paul Du Chaillu">Paul Du Chaillu</a> in Africa and his various encounters with the natives and wildlife there.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVaz200514–16-27">[27]</a> Cooper became fascinated with the stories involving the gorillas, in particular, Du Chaillu's depiction of a particular gorilla known for its "extraordinary size",<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVaz200510-28">[28]</a> that the natives described as "invincible" and the "King of the African Forest".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVaz200516-29">[29]</a> When Du Chaillu and some natives encountered a gorilla later in the book he described it as a "hellish dream creature" that was "half man, half beast".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVaz200516–17-30">[30]</a> As an adult, Cooper became involved in the motion picture industry. While filming <a href="/wiki/The_Four_Feathers_(1929_film)" title="The Four Feathers (1929 film)">The Four Feathers</a> in Africa, he came into contact with a family of baboons.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> This gave him the idea to make a picture about primates.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVaz2005167-32">[32]</a> A year later when he got to <a href="/wiki/RKO" class="mw-redirect" title="RKO">RKO</a>, Cooper wanted to film a "terror gorilla picture". As the story was being fleshed out, Cooper decided to make his gorilla giant sized. Cooper stated that the idea of Kong fighting warplanes on top of a building came from him seeing a plane flying over the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Life_Building" title="New York Life Building">New York Insurance Building</a>, then the tallest building in the world.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldnerTurner197538-33">[33]</a> He came up with the ending before the rest of the story as he stated, "Without any conscious effort of thought I immediately saw in my mind's eye a giant gorilla on top of the building".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVaz2005186-34">[34]</a> Cooper also was influenced by <a href="/wiki/William_Douglas_Burden" title="William Douglas Burden">Douglas Burden's</a> accounts of the <a href="/wiki/Komodo_dragon" title="Komodo dragon">Komodo dragon</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVaz2005194-35">[35]</a> and wanted to pit his terror gorilla against dinosaur-sized versions of these reptiles, stating to Burden: "I also had firmly in mind to giantize both the gorilla and your dragons to make them really huge. However I always believed in personalizing and focusing attention on one main character and from the very beginning I intended to make it the gigantic gorilla, no matter what else I surrounded him with".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVaz2005194-35">[35]</a> Around this time, Cooper began to refer to his project as a "giant terror gorilla picture" featuring "a gigantic semi-humanoid gorilla pitted against modern civilization".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVaz2005187-36">[36]</a> When designing King Kong, Cooper wanted him to be a nightmarish gorilla monster. As he described Kong in a 1930 memo: "His hands and feet have the size and strength of <a href="/wiki/Steam_shovel" title="Steam shovel">steam shovels</a>; his girth is that of a steam boiler. This is a monster with the strength of a hundred men. But more terrifying is the head—a nightmare head with bloodshot eyes and jagged teeth set under a thick mat of hair, a face half-beast half-human".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Hise199356-37">[37]</a> <a href="/wiki/Willis_O%27Brien" class="mw-redirect" title="Willis O'Brien">Willis O'Brien</a> created an oil painting depicting the giant gorilla menacing a jungle heroine and hunter for Cooper.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> However, when it came time for O'Brien and <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Delgado" title="Marcel Delgado">Marcel Delgado</a> to sculpt the <a href="/wiki/Stop_motion" title="Stop motion">animation model</a>, Cooper decided to backpedal on the half-human look for the creature and became adamant that Kong be a gorilla. O'Brien on the other hand, wanted him to be almost human-like to gain audience empathy, and told Delgado to "make that ape almost human".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldnerTurner197556-40">[40]</a> Cooper laughed at the end result, saying that it looked like a cross between a monkey and a man with very long hair.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldnerTurner197556-40">[40]</a> For the second model, O'Brien again asked Delgado to add human features but to tone it down somewhat. The end result (which was rejected) was described as looking like a missing link.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldnerTurner197556-40">[40]</a> Disappointed, Cooper stated, "I want Kong to be the fiercest, most brutal, monstrous damned thing that has ever been seen!"<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldnerTurner197556-40">[40]</a> On December 22, 1931, Cooper got the dimensions of a bull gorilla from the <a href="/wiki/American_Museum_of_Natural_History" title="American Museum of Natural History">American Museum of Natural History</a> telling O'Brien, "Now that's what I want!"<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldnerTurner197556-40">[40]</a> When the final model was created, it had the basic look of a gorilla but managed to retain some human-like qualities. For example, Delgado streamlined the body by removing the distinctive paunch and rump of a gorilla.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldnerTurner197558-41">[41]</a> O'Brien would incorporate some characteristics and nuances of an earlier creature he had created in 1915 for the silent short <a href="/wiki/The_Dinosaur_and_the_Missing_Link" class="mw-redirect" title="The Dinosaur and the Missing Link">The Dinosaur and the Missing Link</a> into the general look and personality of Kong, even going as far as to refer to the creature as "Kong's ancestor".<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldnerTurner197544-43">[43]</a> When it came time to film, Cooper agreed that Kong should walk upright at times (mostly in the New York sequences) in order to appear more intimidating.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorton200554–55-44">[44]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Etymology">Etymology</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=King_Kong&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Etymology">edit</a>]</div> Merian C. Cooper said he was very fond of strong, hard-sounding words that started with the letter "K". Some of his favorite words were "<a href="/wiki/Komodo_(island)" title="Komodo (island)">Komodo</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Kodiak_Island" title="Kodiak Island">Kodiak</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Kodak" title="Kodak">Kodak</a>".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVaz2005193–194-45">[45]</a> When Cooper was envisioning his giant terror gorilla idea, he wanted to capture a real gorilla from the Congo and have it fight a real <a href="/wiki/Komodo_dragon" title="Komodo dragon">Komodo dragon</a> on <a href="/wiki/Komodo_(island)" title="Komodo (island)">Komodo Island</a> (this scenario would eventually evolve into Kong's battle with the <a href="/wiki/Tyrannosaurus" title="Tyrannosaurus">tyrannosaur</a> on Skull Island when the film was produced a few years later at RKO). Cooper's friend Douglas Burden's trip to the island of Komodo and his encounter with the Komodo dragons was a big influence on the Kong story.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVaz2005190-46">[46]</a> Cooper was fascinated by Burden's adventures as chronicled in his book Dragon Lizards of Komodo where he referred to the animal as the "King of Komodo".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVaz2005193–194-45">[45]</a> It was this phrase along with "Komodo" and "Kongo" [<a href="/wiki/Sic" title="Sic">sic</a>] (and his overall love for hard sounding "K"-words)<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorton200525-47">[47]</a> that gave him the idea to name the giant ape "Kong". He loved the name, as it had a "mystery sound" to it. After Cooper got to RKO, British mystery writer <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Wallace" title="Edgar Wallace">Edgar Wallace</a> was contracted to write the first draft of the screen story. It was simply referred to as "The Beast". RKO executives were unimpressed with the bland title. <a href="/wiki/David_O._Selznick" title="David O. Selznick">David O. Selznick</a> suggested Jungle Beast as the film's new title,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVaz2005220-48">[48]</a> but Cooper was unimpressed and wanted to name the film after the main character. He stated he liked the "mystery word" aspect of Kong's name and that the film should carry "the name of the leading mysterious, romantic, savage creature of the story" such as with Dracula and Frankenstein.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVaz2005220-48">[48]</a> RKO sent a memo to Cooper suggesting the titles Kong: King of Beasts, Kong: The Jungle King, and Kong: The Jungle Beast, which combined his and Selznick's proposed titles.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVaz2005220-48">[48]</a> As time went on, Cooper would eventually name the story simply Kong while <a href="/wiki/Ruth_Rose" title="Ruth Rose">Ruth Rose</a> was writing the final version of the screenplay. Because David O. Selznick thought that audiences would think that the film, with the one word title of Kong, would be mistaken as a docudrama like <a href="/wiki/Grass_(1925_film)" title="Grass (1925 film)">Grass</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chang_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chang (film)">Chang</a>, which were one-word titled films that Cooper had earlier produced, he added the "King" to Kong's name in order to differentiate it.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldnerTurner1975185-49">[49]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Appearances_and_abilities">Appearances and abilities</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=King_Kong&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Appearances and abilities">edit</a>]</div> In his first appearance in <a href="/wiki/King_Kong_(1933_film)" title="King Kong (1933 film)">King Kong</a> (1933), Kong was a gigantic prehistoric ape.<a href="#cite_note-A-50">[50]</a> While gorilla-like in appearance, he had a vaguely humanoid look and at times walked upright in an anthropomorphic manner.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorton200554–55-44">[44]</a> Like most simians, Kong possesses semi-human intelligence and great physical strength. Kong's size changes drastically throughout the course of the film. While creator <a href="/wiki/Merian_C._Cooper" title="Merian C. Cooper">Merian C. Cooper</a> envisioned Kong as being "40 to 50 feet tall",<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldnerTurner197537-51">[51]</a> animator <a href="/wiki/Willis_O%27Brien" class="mw-redirect" title="Willis O'Brien">Willis O'Brien</a> and his crew built the models and sets scaling Kong to be only 18 feet (5.5 m) tall on Skull Island, and rescaled to be 24 feet (7.3 m) tall in New York.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldnerTurner1975159-52">[52]</a> This did not stop Cooper from playing around with Kong's size as he directed the special effect sequences; by manipulating the sizes of the <a href="/wiki/Miniature_effect" title="Miniature effect">miniatures</a> and the camera angles, he made Kong appear a lot larger than O'Brien wanted, even as large as 60 feet (18.3 m) in some scenes. As Cooper said in an interview: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">I was a great believer in constantly changing Kong's height to fit the settings and the illusions. He's different in almost every shot; sometimes he's only 18 feet tall and sometimes 60 feet or larger. This broke every rule that O'Bie and his animators had ever worked with, but I felt confident that if the scenes moved with excitement and beauty, the audience would accept any height that fitted into the scene. For example, if Kong had only been 18 feet high on the top of the Empire State Building, he would have been lost, like a little bug; I constantly juggled the heights of trees and dozens of other things. The one essential thing was to make the audience enthralled with the character of Kong so that they wouldn't notice or care that he was 18 feet high or 40 feet, just as long as he fitted the mystery and excitement of the scenes and action.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Hise199366-53">[53]</a></blockquote> Concurrently, the Kong bust made for the film was built in scale with a 40-foot (12.2 m) ape,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorton200536-54">[54]</a> while the full sized hand of Kong was built in scale with a 70-foot (21.3 m) ape.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> Meanwhile, RKO's promotional materials listed Kong's official height as 50 feet (15.2 m).<a href="#cite_note-A-50">[50]</a> In the 1960s, <a href="/wiki/Toho_Studios" title="Toho Studios">Toho Studios</a> from <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> licensed the character for the films <a href="/wiki/King_Kong_vs._Godzilla" title="King Kong vs. Godzilla">King Kong vs. Godzilla</a> and <a href="/wiki/King_Kong_Escapes" title="King Kong Escapes">King Kong Escapes</a>. (<a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Toho_incarnations">See below</a>) In 1975, Italian producer <a href="/wiki/Dino_De_Laurentiis" title="Dino De Laurentiis">Dino De Laurentiis</a> paid RKO for the remake rights to King Kong. This resulted in <a href="/wiki/King_Kong_(1976_film)" title="King Kong (1976 film)">King Kong</a> (1976). This Kong was an upright walking anthropomorphic ape, appearing even more human-like than the original. Also like the original, this Kong had semi-human intelligence and vast strength. In the 1976 film, Kong was scaled to be 42 feet (12.8 m) tall on Skull island and rescaled to be 55 feet (16.8 m) tall in New York.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorton2005205-56">[56]</a> Ten years later, Dino De Laurentiis got the approval from Universal to do a sequel called <a href="/wiki/King_Kong_Lives" title="King Kong Lives">King Kong Lives</a>. This Kong had more or less the same appearance and abilities, but tended to walk on his knuckles more often and was enlarged, scaled to 60 feet (18.3 m).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorton2005264-57">[57]</a> <a href="/wiki/Universal_Studios" class="mw-disambig" title="Universal Studios">Universal Studios</a> had planned to do a King Kong remake as far back as 1976. They finally followed through almost 30 years later, with a <a href="/wiki/King_Kong_(2005_film)" title="King Kong (2005 film)">three-hour film</a> directed by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Jackson" title="Peter Jackson">Peter Jackson</a>. Jackson opted to make Kong a gigantic silverback gorilla without any anthropomorphic features. This Kong looked and behaved more like a real gorilla: he had a large herbivore's belly, walked on his knuckles without any upright posture, and even beat his chest with his palms as opposed to clenched fists. In order to ground his Kong in realism, Jackson and the <a href="/wiki/Weta_Digital" class="mw-redirect" title="Weta Digital">Weta Digital</a> crew gave a name to his fictitious species Megaprimatus Kong and suggested it to have evolved from the <a href="/wiki/Gigantopithecus" title="Gigantopithecus">Gigantopithecus</a>. Kong was the last of his kind. He was portrayed in the film as being quite old, with graying fur and battle-worn with scars, wounds, and a crooked jaw from his many fights against rival creatures. He is the dominant being on the island, the king of his world. Like his film predecessors, he possesses considerable intelligence and great physical strength and also appears far more nimble and agile. This Kong was scaled to a consistent height of 25 feet (7.6 m) tall on both Skull Island and in New York.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> Jackson describes his central character: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">We assumed that Kong is the last surviving member of his species. He had a mother and a father and maybe brothers and sisters, but they're dead. He's the last of the huge gorillas that live on Skull Island ... when he goes ... there will be no more. He's a very lonely creature, absolutely solitary. It must be one of the loneliest existences you could ever possibly imagine. Every day, he has to battle for his survival against very formidable dinosaurs on the island, and it's not easy for him. He's carrying the scars of many former encounters with dinosaurs. I'm imagining he's probably 100 to 120 years old by the time our story begins. And he has never felt a single bit of empathy for another living creature in his long life; it has been a brutal life that he's lived.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a></blockquote> In the 2017 film <a href="/wiki/Kong:_Skull_Island" title="Kong: Skull Island">Kong: Skull Island</a>, Kong is scaled to be 104 feet (31.7 m) tall,<a href="#cite_note-Kong-Sized-60">[60]</a> making it the second largest and largest American incarnation in the series until the 2021 film <a href="/wiki/Godzilla_vs._Kong" title="Godzilla vs. Kong">Godzilla vs. Kong</a>, in which he became the largest incarnation in the series, standing at 337 feet (102.7 m).<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> Director <a href="/wiki/Jordan_Vogt-Roberts" title="Jordan Vogt-Roberts">Jordan Vogt-Roberts</a> stated in regard to Kong's immense stature: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">The thing that most interested me was, how big do you need to make [Kong], so that when someone lands on this island and doesn't believe in the idea of myth, the idea of wonder – when we live in a world of social and civil unrest, and everything is crumbling around us, and technology and facts are taking over – how big does this creature need to be, so that when you stand on the ground and you look up at it, the only thing that can go through your mind is: "That's a god!"<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a></blockquote> He also stated that the original 1933 look was the inspiration for the design: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">We sort of went back to the 1933 version in the sense that he's a bipedal creature that walks in an upright position, as opposed to the anthropomorphic, anatomically correct silverback gorilla that walks on all fours. Our Kong was intended to say, like, this isn't just a big gorilla or a big monkey. This is something that is its own species. It has its own set of rules, so we can do what we want and we really wanted to pay homage to what came before ... and yet do something completely different, and if anything, our Kong is meant to be a throwback to the '33 version. I don't think there's much similarity at all between our version and Peter [Jackson]'s Kong. That version is very much a scaled-up silverback gorilla, and ours is something that is slightly more exaggerated. A big mandate for us was, "How do we make this feel like a classic movie monster"?<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a></blockquote> Co-producer Mary Parent also stated that Kong is still young and not fully grown as she explains that "Kong is an adolescent when we meet him in the film; he's still growing into his role as alpha".<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ownership_rights">Ownership rights</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=King_Kong&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Ownership rights">edit</a>]</div> While one of the most famous movie icons in history, King Kong's <a href="/wiki/Trademark" title="Trademark">intellectual property status</a> has been questioned since his creation, featuring in numerous allegations and court battles. The rights to the character have always been split up with no single exclusive rights holder. Different parties have also contested that various aspects are <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a> material and therefore ineligible for copyright status. When Merian C. Cooper created King Kong, he assumed that he owned the character, which he had conceived in 1929, outright. Cooper maintained that he had only licensed the character to <a href="/wiki/RKO" class="mw-redirect" title="RKO">RKO</a> for the initial film and sequel, but had otherwise owned his own creation. In 1935, Cooper began to feel something was amiss when he was trying to get a <a href="/wiki/Tarzan" title="Tarzan">Tarzan</a> vs. King Kong project off the ground for <a href="/wiki/Pioneer_Pictures" title="Pioneer Pictures">Pioneer Pictures</a> (where he had assumed management of the company). After <a href="/wiki/David_O._Selznick" title="David O. Selznick">David O. Selznick</a> suggested the project to Cooper, the flurry of legal activity over using the Kong character that followed—Pioneer had become a completely independent company by this time and access to properties that RKO felt were theirs was no longer automatic—gave Cooper pause as he came to realize that he might not have full control over this product of his own imagination after all.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVaz2005277-66">[66]</a> Years later in 1962, Cooper found out that RKO was licensing the character through John Beck to <a href="/wiki/Toho" title="Toho">Toho</a> studios in Japan for a film project called <a href="/wiki/King_Kong_vs._Godzilla" title="King Kong vs. Godzilla">King Kong vs. Godzilla</a>. Cooper had assumed his rights were unassailable and was bitterly opposed to the project. In 1963 he filed a lawsuit to enjoin distribution of the movie against John Beck, as well as Toho and Universal (the film's U.S. copyright holder).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVaz2005361-67">[67]</a> Cooper discovered that RKO had also profited from licensed products featuring the King Kong character such as model kits produced by <a href="/wiki/Aurora_Plastics_Corporation" title="Aurora Plastics Corporation">Aurora Plastics Corporation</a>. Cooper's executive assistant, Charles B. FitzSimons, said that these companies should be negotiating through him and Cooper for such licensed products and not RKO. In a letter to Robert Bendick, Cooper stated: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">My hassle is about King Kong. I created the character long before I came to RKO and have always believed I retained subsequent picture rights and other rights. I sold to RKO the right to make the one original picture King Kong and also, later, Son of Kong, but that was all.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVaz2005362,_455-68">[68]</a></blockquote> Cooper and his legal team offered up various documents to bolster the case that Cooper owned King Kong and had only licensed the character to RKO for two films, rather than selling him outright. Many people vouched for Cooper's claims, including David O. Selznick, who had written a letter to Mr. A. Loewenthal of the Famous Artists Syndicate in Chicago in 1932 stating (in regard to Kong), "The rights of this are owned by Mr. Merian C. Cooper".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVaz2005362,_455-68">[68]</a> Cooper however lost key documents through the years (he discovered these papers were missing after he returned from his World War II military service) such as a key informal yet binding letter from Mr. Ayelsworth (the then-president of the RKO Studio Corp.) and a formal binding letter from Mr. <a href="/wiki/B._B._Kahane" title="B. B. Kahane">B. B. Kahane</a> (also a former president of RKO Studio Corp.) confirming that Cooper had only licensed the rights to the character for the two RKO pictures and nothing more.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVaz2005362-69">[69]</a> Without these letters, it seemed Cooper's rights were relegated to the Lovelace novelization that he had copyrighted (he was able to make a deal for a <a href="/wiki/Bantam_Books" title="Bantam Books">Bantam Books</a> paperback reprint and a <a href="/wiki/Gold_Key_Comics" title="Gold Key Comics">Gold Key</a> comic adaptation of the novel, but that was all that he could do). Cooper's lawyer had received a letter from John Beck's lawyer, Gordon E. Youngman, that stated: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">For the sake of the record, I wish to state that I am not in negotiation with you or Mr. Cooper or anyone else to define Mr. Cooper's rights in respect of King Kong. His rights are well defined, and they are non-existent, except for certain limited publication rights.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVaz2005363,_456-70">[70]</a></blockquote> In a letter addressed to Douglas Burden, Cooper lamented: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">It seems my hassle over King Kong is destined to be a protracted one. They'd make me sorry I ever invented the beast, if I weren't so fond of him! Makes me feel like <a href="/wiki/Macbeth_(character)" title="Macbeth (character)">Macbeth</a>: "Bloody instructions which being taught return to plague the inventor".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVaz2005363,_456-70">[70]</a></blockquote> The rights over the character did not flare up again until 1975, when <a href="/wiki/Universal_Studios" class="mw-disambig" title="Universal Studios">Universal Studios</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dino_De_Laurentiis" title="Dino De Laurentiis">Dino De Laurentiis</a> were fighting over who would be able to do a King Kong remake for release the following year. De Laurentiis came up with $200,000 to buy the remake rights from RKO.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorton2005150-71">[71]</a> When Universal got wind of this, they filed a lawsuit against RKO, claiming that they had a verbal agreement from them regarding the remake. During the legal battles that followed, which eventually included RKO countersuing Universal, as well as De Laurentiis filing a lawsuit claiming interference, Colonel Richard Cooper (Merian's son and now head of the Cooper estate) jumped into the fray.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVaz2005386-72">[72]</a> During the battles, Universal discovered that the copyright of the Lovelace novelization had expired without renewal, thus making the King Kong story a public domain one. Universal argued that they should be able to make a movie based on the novel without infringing on anyone's copyright because the characters in the story were in the public domain within the context of the public domain story.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorton2005158-73">[73]</a> Richard Cooper then filed a cross-claim against RKO claiming that, while the publishing rights to the novel had not been renewed, his estate still had control over the plot/story of King Kong.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVaz2005386-72">[72]</a> In a four-day bench trial in Los Angeles, Judge <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Real" title="Manuel Real">Manuel Real</a> made the final decision and gave his verdict on November 24, 1976, affirming that the King Kong novelization and serialization were indeed in the public domain, and Universal could make its movie as long as it did not infringe on original elements in the 1933 RKO film,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVaz2005387-74">[74]</a> which had not passed into the public domain.<a href="#cite_note-Universal-75">[75]</a> Universal postponed their plans to film a King Kong movie, called The Legend of King Kong, for at least 18 months, after cutting a deal with Dino De Laurentiis that included a percentage of box office profits from his remake.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorton2005166-76">[76]</a> However, on December 6, 1976, Judge Real made a subsequent ruling, which held that all the rights in the name, character, and story of King Kong (outside of the original film and its sequel) belonged to Merian C. Cooper's estate. This ruling, which became known as the "Cooper judgment", expressly stated that it would not change the previous ruling that publishing rights of the novel and serialization were in the public domain. It was a huge victory that affirmed the position Merian C. Cooper had maintained for years.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVaz2005387-74">[74]</a> Shortly thereafter, Richard Cooper sold all his rights (excluding worldwide book and periodical publishing rights) to Universal in December 1976. In 1980 Judge Real dismissed the claims that were brought forth by RKO and Universal four years earlier and reinstated the Cooper judgement.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVaz2005388-77">[77]</a> In 1982 Universal <a href="/wiki/Universal_City_Studios,_Inc._v._Nintendo_Co.,_Ltd." title="Universal City Studios, Inc. v. Nintendo Co., Ltd.">filed a lawsuit</a> against <a href="/wiki/Nintendo" title="Nintendo">Nintendo</a>, which had created an impish ape character called <a href="/wiki/Donkey_Kong_(character)" title="Donkey Kong (character)">Donkey Kong</a> in 1981 and was reaping huge profits over the video game machines. Universal claimed that Nintendo was infringing on its copyright because Donkey Kong was a blatant rip-off of King Kong.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVaz2005388-77">[77]</a> During the court battle and subsequent appeal, the courts ruled that Universal did not have exclusive trademark rights to the King Kong character. The courts ruled that trademark was not among the rights Cooper had sold to Universal, indicating that "Cooper plainly did not obtain any trademark rights in his judgment against RKO, since the California district court specifically found that King Kong had no secondary meaning".<a href="#cite_note-Universal-75">[75]</a> While they had a majority of the rights, they did not outright own the King Kong name and character.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVaz2005389-78">[78]</a> The courts ruling noted that the name, title, and character of Kong no longer signified a single source of origin so exclusive trademark rights were impossible.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> The courts also pointed out that the Kong rights were held by three parties: <ul><li>RKO owned the rights to the original film and its sequel.</li> <li>The Dino De Laurentiis company (DDL) owned the rights to the 1976 remake.</li> <li>Richard Cooper owned worldwide book and periodical publishing rights.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVaz2005389-78">[78]</a></li></ul> The judge then ruled that "Universal thus owns only those rights in the King Kong name and character that RKO, Cooper, or DDL do not own".<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> The court of appeals would also note: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">First, Universal knew that it did not have trademark rights to King Kong, yet it proceeded to broadly assert such rights anyway. This amounted to a wanton and reckless disregard of Nintendo's rights. Second, Universal did not stop after it asserted its rights to Nintendo. It embarked on a deliberate, systematic campaign to coerce all of Nintendo's third party licensees to either stop marketing Donkey Kong products or pay Universal royalties. Finally, Universal's conduct amounted to an abuse of judicial process, and in that sense caused a longer harm to the public as a whole. Depending on the commercial results, Universal alternatively argued to the courts, first, that King Kong was a part of the public domain, and then second, that King Kong was not part of the public domain, and that Universal possessed exclusive trademark rights in it. Universal's assertions in court were based not on any good faith belief in their truth, but on the mistaken belief that it could use the courts to turn a profit.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a></blockquote> Because Universal misrepresented their degree of ownership of King Kong (claiming they had exclusive trademark rights when they knew that they did not) and tried to have it both ways in court regarding the "public domain" claims, the courts ruled that Universal acted in bad faith (see <a href="/wiki/Universal_City_Studios,_Inc._v._Nintendo_Co.,_Ltd." title="Universal City Studios, Inc. v. Nintendo Co., Ltd.">Universal City Studios, Inc. v. Nintendo Co., Ltd.</a>). They were ordered to pay fines and all of Nintendo's legal costs from the lawsuit. That, along with the fact that the courts ruled that there was simply no likelihood of people confusing Donkey Kong with King Kong,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVaz2005389-78">[78]</a> caused Universal to lose the case and the subsequent appeal. Since the court case, Universal still retains the majority of the character rights.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">further explanation needed</a>] In 1986 they opened a King Kong ride called <a href="/wiki/King_Kong_Encounter" title="King Kong Encounter">King Kong Encounter</a> at their Universal Studios Tour theme park in Hollywood (which was destroyed in 2008 by a backlot fire), and followed it up with the <a href="/wiki/Kongfrontation" title="Kongfrontation">Kongfrontation</a> ride at their Orlando park in 1990 (which was closed down in 2002 due to maintenance issues). They also finally made a King Kong film of their own, <a href="/wiki/King_Kong_(2005)" class="mw-redirect" title="King Kong (2005)">King Kong</a> (2005). In the summer of 2010, Universal opened a new <a href="/wiki/3D_computer_graphics" title="3D computer graphics">3D</a> King Kong ride called <a href="/wiki/King_Kong:_360_3-D" title="King Kong: 360 3-D">King Kong: 360 3-D</a> at their Hollywood park, replacing the destroyed King Kong Encounter.<a href="#cite_note-latimes1-82">[82]</a> In July 2016, Universal opened a new King Kong attraction called <a href="/wiki/Skull_Island:_Reign_of_Kong" title="Skull Island: Reign of Kong">Skull Island: Reign of Kong</a> at <a href="/wiki/Islands_of_Adventure" class="mw-redirect" title="Islands of Adventure">Islands of Adventure</a> in Orlando.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> In July 2013, <a href="/wiki/Legendary_Pictures" class="mw-redirect" title="Legendary Pictures">Legendary Pictures</a> made an agreement with Universal to market, co-finance, and distribute Legendary's films for five years starting in 2014 and ending in 2019, the year that Legendary's similar agreement with <a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros._Pictures" title="Warner Bros. Pictures">Warner Bros. Pictures</a> was set to expire. One year later, at <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Comic-Con" title="San Diego Comic-Con">San Diego Comic-Con</a>, Legendary announced (as a product of its partnership with Universal), a King Kong origin story, initially titled Skull Island, with Universal distributing.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> After the film was retitled <a href="/wiki/Kong:_Skull_Island" title="Kong: Skull Island">Kong: Skull Island</a>, Universal allowed Legendary to move to Warner Bros.,<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> so they could do a King Kong and Godzilla crossover film (in the continuity of the <a href="/wiki/Godzilla_(2014_movie)" class="mw-redirect" title="Godzilla (2014 movie)">2014 Godzilla movie</a>), since Legendary still had the rights to make more Godzilla movies with Warner Bros. before their contract with Toho expired in 2020.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> Richard Cooper, through the Merian C. Cooper Estate, retained publishing rights for the content that Judge Real had ruled on December 6, 1976. In 1990, they licensed a six-issue comic book adaptation of the novelization of the 1933 film to <a href="/wiki/Fantagraphics_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="Fantagraphics Books">Monster Comics</a>, and commissioned an illustrated novel in 1994 called Anthony Browne's King Kong. In 2013, they became involved with a musical stage play based on the story, called <a href="/wiki/King_Kong_(2013_musical)" title="King Kong (2013 musical)">King Kong: The Eighth Wonder of the World</a> which premiered that June in Australia<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> and then on Broadway in November 2018.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> The production is involved with <a href="/wiki/Global_Creatures" title="Global Creatures">Global Creatures</a>, the company behind the <a href="/wiki/Walking_with_Dinosaurs" title="Walking with Dinosaurs">Walking with Dinosaurs</a> arena show.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> In 1996, artist/writer Joe DeVito partnered with the Merian C. Cooper estate to write and/or illustrate various publications based on Merian C. Cooper's King Kong property through his company, DeVito ArtWorks, LLC. Through this partnership, DeVito created the prequel/sequel story Skull Island on which DeVito based a pair of original novels relating the origin of King Kong: Kong: King of Skull Island and King Kong of Skull Island. In addition, the Cooper/DeVito collaboration resulted in an origin-themed comic book miniseries with <a href="/wiki/Boom!_Studios" title="Boom! Studios">Boom! Studios</a>,<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> an expanded rewrite of the original Lovelace novelization, Merian C. Cooper's King Kong (the original novelization's publishing rights are still in the public domain), and various crossovers with other franchises such as <a href="/wiki/Doc_Savage" title="Doc Savage">Doc Savage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tarzan" title="Tarzan">Tarzan</a><a href="#cite_note-Forces_of_Geek-93">[93]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Planet_of_the_Apes" title="Planet of the Apes">Planet of the Apes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> In 2016, DeVito ArtWorks, through its licensing program, licensed its King Kong property to RocketFizz for use in the marketing of a soft drink called King Kong Cola,<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> and had plans for a live action TV show co-produced between MarVista Entertainment and IM Global.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> Other products that have been produced through this licensing program include Digital Trading Cards,<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> Board Games,<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> a Virtual Reality Arcade Game,<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> a remake of the original King Kong Glow-In-The-Dark Model Kit,<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> and a video game developed by <a href="/wiki/IguanaBee" title="IguanaBee">IguanaBee</a> called <a href="/wiki/Skull_Island:_Rise_of_Kong" title="Skull Island: Rise of Kong">Skull Island: Rise of Kong</a>.<a href="#cite_note-LicensingMagazine-101">[101]</a> In April 2016, Joe DeVito sued Legendary Pictures and Warner Bros., producers of the film <a href="/wiki/Kong:_Skull_Island" title="Kong: Skull Island">Kong: Skull Island</a>, for using elements of his Skull Island universe, which he claimed that he created and that the producers had used without his permission.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> Devito partnered with <a href="/wiki/Dynamite_Entertainment" title="Dynamite Entertainment">Dynamite Entertainment</a> to produce comic books and board games based on the property,<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> resulting in the comic book series called King Kong: The Great War published in May 2023.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> In 2022, DeVito had partnered with <a href="/wiki/Disney_Branded_Television" title="Disney Branded Television">Disney</a> to produce a live-action series tentatively called King Kong that explores the origin story of Kong. The series is slated to stream on <a href="/wiki/Disney%2B" title="Disney+">Disney+</a>. <a href="/wiki/Stephany_Folsom" title="Stephany Folsom">Stephany Folsom</a> is attached to write the series and to be executive produced by <a href="/wiki/James_Wan" title="James Wan">James Wan</a> via his production company <a href="/wiki/Atomic_Monster" title="Atomic Monster">Atomic Monster</a>.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> RKO (whose rights consisted of only the original film and its sequel) signed over the North American, Latin American and Australian distribution rights to its film library to <a href="/wiki/Ted_Turner" title="Ted Turner">Ted Turner</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Turner_Entertainment" title="Turner Entertainment">Turner Entertainment</a> in a period spanning 1986 to 1989. Following a series of mergers and acquisitions, <a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros." title="Warner Bros.">Warner Bros.</a> owns those distribution rights today, with the copyright over the films (including King Kong and The Son of Kong) remaining with RKO Pictures, LLC (various companies distribute the RKO library in other territories). In 1998, <a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros._Family_Entertainment" title="Warner Bros. Family Entertainment">Warner Bros. Family Entertainment</a> released the direct-to-video animated musical film <a href="/wiki/The_Mighty_Kong" title="The Mighty Kong">The Mighty Kong</a>, which re-tells the plot of the original 1933 film. Nineteen years later, Warners co-produced the film <a href="/wiki/Kong:_Skull_Island" title="Kong: Skull Island">Kong: Skull Island</a> and in 2021 co-produced the film <a href="/wiki/Godzilla_vs._Kong" title="Godzilla vs. Kong">Godzilla vs. Kong</a>, after Legendary Pictures brought the projects over from Universal<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> to build up the <a href="/wiki/MonsterVerse" class="mw-redirect" title="MonsterVerse">MonsterVerse</a>. According to Godzilla Vs. Kong director <a href="/wiki/Adam_Wingard" title="Adam Wingard">Adam Wingard</a>, the rights to the character may have also been transferred to Warner Bros.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> DDL (whose rights were limited to only their 1976 remake) did a sequel in 1986 called <a href="/wiki/King_Kong_Lives" title="King Kong Lives">King Kong Lives</a> (but they still needed Universal's permission to do so).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorton2005239,_241-108">[108]</a> Today most of DDL's film library is owned by <a href="/wiki/StudioCanal" title="StudioCanal">StudioCanal</a>, which includes the rights to these two films. The domestic (North American) rights to the 1976 <a href="/wiki/King_Kong_(1976)" class="mw-redirect" title="King Kong (1976)">King Kong</a> film still remain with the film's original distributor <a href="/wiki/Paramount_Pictures" title="Paramount Pictures">Paramount Pictures</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Trifecta_Entertainment_%26_Media" title="Trifecta Entertainment & Media">Trifecta Entertainment & Media</a> handling television rights to the film via their license with Paramount.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Toho_incarnations">Toho incarnations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=King_Kong&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Toho incarnations">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Toho_King_Kong.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/7f/Toho_King_Kong.jpg/220px-Toho_King_Kong.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/7f/Toho_King_Kong.jpg/330px-Toho_King_Kong.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/7f/Toho_King_Kong.jpg 2x" data-file-width="384" data-file-height="259" /></a><figcaption>The two depictions of Kong in the Toho films.</figcaption></figure> In the 1960s, Japanese studio <a href="/wiki/Toho" title="Toho">Toho</a> licensed the character from RKO and produced two films that featured the character, <a href="/wiki/King_Kong_vs._Godzilla" title="King Kong vs. Godzilla">King Kong vs. Godzilla</a> (1962) and <a href="/wiki/King_Kong_Escapes" title="King Kong Escapes">King Kong Escapes</a> (1967). Toho's interpretation differed greatly from the original in size and abilities. Among <a href="/wiki/Kaiju" title="Kaiju">kaiju</a>, King Kong was suggested to be among the most powerful in terms of raw physical force, possessing strength and durability that rivaled that of <a href="/wiki/Godzilla" title="Godzilla">Godzilla</a>. As one of the few mammal-based kaiju, Kong's most distinctive feature was his intelligence. He demonstrated the ability to learn and adapt to an opponent's fighting style, identify and exploit weaknesses in an enemy, and utilize his environment to stage ambushes and traps.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> In King Kong vs. Godzilla, Kong was scaled to be 45 m (148 ft) tall. This version of Kong was given the ability to harvest electricity as a weapon and draw strength from electrical voltage.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> In King Kong Escapes, Kong was scaled to be 20 m (66 ft) tall. This version was more similar to the original, where he relied on strength and intelligence to fight and survive.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> Rather than residing on <a href="/wiki/Skull_Island_(King_Kong)" title="Skull Island (King Kong)">Skull Island</a>, Toho's version of Kong resided on Faro Island in King Kong vs. Godzilla and on Mondo Island in King Kong Escapes. In 1966, Toho planned to produce Operation Robinson Crusoe: King Kong vs. Ebirah as a co-production with <a href="/wiki/Rankin/Bass_Productions" class="mw-redirect" title="Rankin/Bass Productions">Rankin/Bass Productions</a>, but <a href="/wiki/Ishir%C5%8D_Honda" title="Ishirō Honda">Ishirō Honda</a> was unavailable at the time to direct the film and, as a result, Rankin/Bass backed out of the project, along with the King Kong license.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> Toho still proceeded with the production, replacing King Kong with Godzilla at the last minute and shot the film as <a href="/wiki/Ebirah,_Horror_of_the_Deep" title="Ebirah, Horror of the Deep">Ebirah, Horror of the Deep</a>. Elements of King Kong's character remained in the film, reflected in Godzilla's uncharacteristic behavior and attraction to the female character Daiyo.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERyfle1998135-113">[113]</a> Toho and Rankin/Bass later negotiated their differences and co-produced King Kong Escapes in 1967, loosely based on <a href="/wiki/The_King_Kong_Show" title="The King Kong Show">Rankin/Bass' animated show</a>. Toho Studios wanted to remake King Kong vs. Godzilla, which was the most successful of the entire Godzilla series of films, in 1991 to celebrate the 30th anniversary of the film, as well as to celebrate Godzilla's upcoming 40th anniversary. However, they were unable to obtain the rights to use Kong, and initially intended to use Mechani-Kong as Godzilla's next adversary.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> It was soon learned that even using a mechanical creature who resembled Kong would be just as problematic legally and financially for them. As a result, the film became <a href="/wiki/Godzilla_vs._King_Ghidorah" title="Godzilla vs. King Ghidorah">Godzilla vs. King Ghidorah</a>, with one last failed attempt made to use Kong in 2004's <a href="/wiki/Godzilla:_Final_Wars" title="Godzilla: Final Wars">Godzilla: Final Wars</a>.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Appearances">Appearances</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=King_Kong&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Appearances">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/King_Kong_(franchise)" title="King Kong (franchise)">King Kong (franchise)</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Film">Film</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=King_Kong&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Film">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center; width:99%;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Film </th> <th>Release date </th> <th>Director(s) </th> <th>Story by </th> <th>Screenwriter(s) </th> <th>Producer(s) </th> <th>Distributor(s) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/King_Kong_(1933_film)" title="King Kong (1933 film)">King Kong</a> </th> <td style="text-align:left">March 2, 1933 (1933-03-02) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Merian_C._Cooper" title="Merian C. Cooper">Merian C. Cooper</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ernest_B._Schoedsack" title="Ernest B. Schoedsack">Ernest B. Schoedsack</a><a href="#cite_note-afi-116">[116]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Wallace" title="Edgar Wallace">Edgar Wallace</a> and Merian C. Cooper<a href="#cite_note-afi-116">[116]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/James_Ashmore_Creelman" title="James Ashmore Creelman">James Creelman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ruth_Rose" title="Ruth Rose">Ruth Rose</a><a href="#cite_note-afi-116">[116]</a> </td> <td>Merian C. Cooper and Ernest B. Schoedsack<a href="#cite_note-afi-116">[116]</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/RKO_Pictures" title="RKO Pictures">RKO Pictures</a><a href="#cite_note-afi-116">[116]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Son_of_Kong" title="Son of Kong">Son of Kong</a> </th> <td style="text-align:left">December 22, 1933 (1933-12-22) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ernest_B._Schoedsack" title="Ernest B. Schoedsack">Ernest B. Schoedsack</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Rose" title="Ruth Rose">Ruth Rose</a> </td> <td>Ernest B. Schoedsack </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/King_Kong_vs._Godzilla" title="King Kong vs. Godzilla">King Kong vs. Godzilla</a> </th> <td style="text-align:left">August 11, 1962 (1962-08-11) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ishir%C5%8D_Honda" title="Ishirō Honda">Ishirō Honda</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERyfle1998353-1">[1]</a> (Japan) Thomas Montgomery<a href="#cite_note-TCC_KKVG-117">[117]</a> (U.S.) </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Shinichi_Sekizawa" title="Shinichi Sekizawa">Shinichi Sekizawa</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERyfle1998353-1">[1]</a> (Japan) Paul Mason and Bruce Howard<a href="#cite_note-TCC_KKVG-117">[117]</a> (U.S.) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tomoyuki_Tanaka" title="Tomoyuki Tanaka">Tomoyuki Tanaka</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERyfle1998353-1">[1]</a> (Japan) John Beck<a href="#cite_note-TCC_KKVG-117">[117]</a> (U.S.) </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Toho" title="Toho">Toho Co., Ltd.</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERyfle199879-118">[118]</a> (Japan) <a href="/wiki/Universal_International" class="mw-redirect" title="Universal International">Universal International</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERyfle199879-118">[118]</a> (U.S.) </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/King_Kong_Escapes" title="King Kong Escapes">King Kong Escapes</a> </th> <td style="text-align:left">July 22, 1967 (1967-07-22) </td> <td>Ishirō Honda </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Rankin_Jr." title="Arthur Rankin Jr.">Arthur Rankin Jr.</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Takeshi_Kimura" title="Takeshi Kimura">Takeshi Kimura</a> </td> <td>Tomoyuki Tanaka and Arthur Rankin Jr. </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/King_Kong_(1976_film)" title="King Kong (1976 film)">King Kong</a> </th> <td style="text-align:left">December 17, 1976 (1976-12-17) </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/John_Guillermin" title="John Guillermin">John Guillermin</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Semple_Jr." title="Lorenzo Semple Jr.">Lorenzo Semple Jr.</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dino_De_Laurentiis" title="Dino De Laurentiis">Dino De Laurentiis</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Pictures" title="Paramount Pictures">Paramount Pictures</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/King_Kong_Lives" title="King Kong Lives">King Kong Lives</a> </th> <td style="text-align:left">December 19, 1986 (1986-12-19) </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Shusett" title="Ronald Shusett">Ronald Shusett</a> and <a href="/wiki/Steven_Pressfield" title="Steven Pressfield">Steven Pressfield</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Martha_De_Laurentiis" title="Martha De Laurentiis">Martha Schumacher</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/De_Laurentiis_Entertainment_Group" title="De Laurentiis Entertainment Group">De Laurentiis Entertainment Group</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/King_Kong_(2005_film)" title="King Kong (2005 film)">King Kong</a> </th> <td style="text-align:left">December 14, 2005 (2005-12-14) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Peter_Jackson" title="Peter Jackson">Peter Jackson</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Fran_Walsh" title="Fran Walsh">Fran Walsh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philippa_Boyens" title="Philippa Boyens">Philippa Boyens</a> and Peter Jackson </td> <td>Jan Blenkin, <a href="/wiki/Carolynne_Cunningham" title="Carolynne Cunningham">Carolynne Cunningham</a>, Fran Walsh and Peter Jackson </td> <td>Universal Pictures </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Kong:_Skull_Island" title="Kong: Skull Island">Kong: Skull Island</a> </th> <td style="text-align:left">March 10, 2017 (2017-03-10) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jordan_Vogt-Roberts" title="Jordan Vogt-Roberts">Jordan Vogt-Roberts</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Gatins" title="John Gatins">John Gatins</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dan_Gilroy" title="Dan Gilroy">Dan Gilroy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Max_Borenstein" title="Max Borenstein">Max Borenstein</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Derek_Connolly" title="Derek Connolly">Derek Connolly</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Tull" title="Thomas Tull">Thomas Tull</a>, Jon Jashni, Alex Garcia and <a href="/wiki/Mary_Parent" title="Mary Parent">Mary Parent</a> </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros." title="Warner Bros.">Warner Bros.</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Godzilla_vs._Kong" title="Godzilla vs. Kong">Godzilla vs. Kong</a> </th> <td style="text-align:left">March 24, 2021 (2021-03-24) </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Adam_Wingard" title="Adam Wingard">Adam Wingard</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Terry_Rossio" title="Terry Rossio">Terry Rossio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Dougherty" title="Michael Dougherty">Michael Dougherty</a>, and Zach Shields </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eric_Pearson" title="Eric Pearson">Eric Pearson</a> and Max Borenstein </td> <td rowspan="2">Thomas Tull, Jon Jashni, Brian Rogers, Mary Parent, Alex Garcia, and Eric McLeod<a href="#cite_note-VT-119">[119]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Godzilla_x_Kong:_The_New_Empire" title="Godzilla x Kong: The New Empire">Godzilla x Kong: The New Empire</a> </th> <td style="text-align:left">March 29, 2024 (2024-03-29) </td> <td>Terry Rossio, Adam Wingard, and <a href="/wiki/Simon_Barrett_(filmmaker)" title="Simon Barrett (filmmaker)">Simon Barrett</a><a href="#cite_note-WGA_GxK-120">[120]</a> </td> <td>Terry Rossio, Simon Barrett, and <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Slater" title="Jeremy Slater">Jeremy Slater</a><a href="#cite_note-WGA_GxK-120">[120]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Television">Television</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=King_Kong&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Television">edit</a>]</div> Four television shows have been based on King Kong: <a href="/wiki/The_King_Kong_Show" title="The King Kong Show">The King Kong Show</a> (1966), <a href="/wiki/Kong:_The_Animated_Series" title="Kong: The Animated Series">Kong: The Animated Series</a> (2000), <a href="/wiki/Kong:_King_of_the_Apes" title="Kong: King of the Apes">Kong: King of the Apes</a> (2016), and <a href="/wiki/Skull_Island_(TV_series)" title="Skull Island (TV series)">Skull Island</a> (2023).<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> A live-action series exploring the origin story of Kong is in development for <a href="/wiki/Disney%2B" title="Disney+">Disney+</a>, written by <a href="/wiki/Stephany_Folsom" title="Stephany Folsom">Stephany Folsom</a> and executive produced by <a href="/wiki/James_Wan" title="James Wan">James Wan</a> via <a href="/wiki/Atomic_Monster" title="Atomic Monster">Atomic Monster</a>.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> King Kong appeared in episode 27 of the anime show <a href="/wiki/The_New_Adventures_of_Gigantor" title="The New Adventures of Gigantor">The New Adventures of Gigantor</a> titled King Kong vs Tetsujin (キングコング対鉄人). This episode aired April 10 1981, and featured King Kong battling the giant robot hero <a href="/wiki/Gigantor" title="Gigantor">Gigantor</a>. In the story it turns out it was just a robot disguised as King Kong. To avoid any copyright issue the episode was renamed The Great Garkonga when it was dubbed into English.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> The character appears in the final episode of season one of the television series <a href="/wiki/Monarch:_Legacy_of_Monsters" title="Monarch: Legacy of Monsters">Monarch: Legacy of Monsters</a>.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultural_impact">Cultural impact</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=King_Kong&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Cultural impact">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/King_Kong_in_popular_culture" title="King Kong in popular culture">King Kong in popular culture</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-In_popular_culture plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section may contain <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_an_indiscriminate_collection_of_information" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">irrelevant</a> references to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Trivia_sections#"In_popular_culture"_and_"Cultural_references"_material" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Trivia sections">popular culture</a>. Please help Wikipedia to <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=King_Kong&action=edit">improve this section</a> by removing the content or adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">citations</a> to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">reliable</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Independent_sources" title="Wikipedia:Independent sources">independent sources</a>. (October 2018)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Titano-Kong.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ab/Titano-Kong.jpg/200px-Titano-Kong.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/ab/Titano-Kong.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="382" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/DC_Comics" title="DC Comics">DC Comics</a> character <a href="/wiki/Titano" title="Titano">Titano the Super-Ape</a> (here seen climbing the <a href="/wiki/Daily_Planet" title="Daily Planet">Daily Planet</a> building and confronting <a href="/wiki/Superman" title="Superman">Superman</a>) appears to be modeled on King Kong. From Superman #138, art by Curt Swan and Stan Kaye.</figcaption></figure> King Kong, as well as the series of films featuring him, have been featured many times in popular culture outside of the films themselves, in forms ranging from straight copies to parodies and joke references, and in media from comic books to video games. <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">The Beatles</a>' 1968 animated film <a href="/wiki/Yellow_Submarine_(1968_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yellow Submarine (1968 film)">Yellow Submarine</a> includes a scene of the characters opening a door to reveal King Kong abducting a woman from her bed. <a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons" title="The Simpsons">The Simpsons</a> episode "<a href="/wiki/Treehouse_of_Horror_III" title="Treehouse of Horror III">Treehouse of Horror III</a>" features a segment called "King Homer" which parodies the plot of the original film, with <a href="/wiki/Homer_Simpson" title="Homer Simpson">Homer</a> as Kong and <a href="/wiki/Marge_Simpson" title="Marge Simpson">Marge</a> in the Ann Darrow role. It ends with King Homer marrying Marge and eating her father.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The 2005 animated film <a href="/wiki/Chicken_Little_(2005_film)" title="Chicken Little (2005 film)">Chicken Little</a> features a scene parodying King Kong, as Fish out of Water starts stacking magazines thrown in a pile, eventually becoming a model of the Empire State Building and some plane models, as he imitates King Kong in the iconic scene from the original film.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The British comedy TV series <a href="/wiki/The_Goodies_(TV_series)" title="The Goodies (TV series)">The Goodies</a> made an episode called "<a href="/wiki/Kitten_Kong" title="Kitten Kong">Kitten Kong</a>", in which a giant cat called Twinkle roams the streets of <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, knocking over the <a href="/wiki/British_Telecom_Tower" class="mw-redirect" title="British Telecom Tower">British Telecom Tower</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The controversial <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> <a href="/wiki/Dutch_resistance" title="Dutch resistance">Dutch resistance</a> fighter <a href="/wiki/Christiaan_Lindemans" title="Christiaan Lindemans">Christiaan Lindemans</a>—eventually arrested on suspicion of having betrayed secrets to the Nazis—was nicknamed "King Kong" due to his being exceptionally tall.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> <a href="/wiki/Frank_Zappa" title="Frank Zappa">Frank Zappa</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Mothers_of_Invention" title="The Mothers of Invention">The Mothers of Invention</a> recorded an instrumental about "King Kong" in 1967 and featured it on the album <a href="/wiki/Uncle_Meat" title="Uncle Meat">Uncle Meat</a>. Zappa went on to make many other versions of the song on albums such as <a href="/wiki/Make_a_Jazz_Noise_Here" title="Make a Jazz Noise Here">Make a Jazz Noise Here</a>, <a href="/wiki/You_Can%27t_Do_That_on_Stage_Anymore,_Vol._3" title="You Can't Do That on Stage Anymore, Vol. 3">You Can't Do That on Stage Anymore, Vol. 3</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ahead_of_Their_Time" title="Ahead of Their Time">Ahead of Their Time</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Beat_the_Boots" class="mw-redirect" title="Beat the Boots">Beat the Boots</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <a href="/wiki/The_Kinks" title="The Kinks">The Kinks</a> recorded a song called "King Kong" as the B-side to their 1969 "<a href="/wiki/Plastic_Man_(song)" title="Plastic Man (song)">Plastic Man</a>" single.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In 1972, a 550 cm (18 ft) fiberglass <a href="/wiki/King_Kong_statue" title="King Kong statue">statue of King Kong</a> was erected in Birmingham, England.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The second track of <a href="/wiki/The_Jimmy_Castor_Bunch" class="mw-redirect" title="The Jimmy Castor Bunch">The Jimmy Castor Bunch</a> album Supersound from 1975 is titled "King Kong".<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> <a href="/wiki/Filk_Music" class="mw-redirect" title="Filk Music">Filk Music</a> artists <a href="/wiki/Ookla_the_Mok_(band)" title="Ookla the Mok (band)">Ookla the Mok</a>'s "Song of Kong", which explores the reasons why King Kong and Godzilla should not be roommates, appears on their 2001 album Smell No Evil.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Johnston" title="Daniel Johnston">Daniel Johnston</a> wrote and recorded a song called "King Kong" on his fifth self-released <a href="/wiki/Music_cassette" class="mw-redirect" title="Music cassette">music cassette</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yip/Jump_Music" title="Yip/Jump Music">Yip/Jump Music</a> in 1983, rereleased on <a href="/wiki/CD" class="mw-redirect" title="CD">CD</a> and double <a href="/wiki/LP_album" class="mw-redirect" title="LP album">LP</a> by <a href="/wiki/Homestead_Records" title="Homestead Records">Homestead Records</a> in 1988. The song is an <a href="/wiki/A_cappella" title="A cappella">a cappella</a> narrative of the original movie's story line. <a href="/wiki/Tom_Waits" title="Tom Waits">Tom Waits</a> recorded a cover version of the song with various sound effects on the 2004 release, <a href="/wiki/The_Late_Great_Daniel_Johnston:_Discovered_Covered" title="The Late Great Daniel Johnston: Discovered Covered">The Late Great Daniel Johnston: Discovered Covered</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <a href="/wiki/ABBA" title="ABBA">ABBA</a> recorded "<a href="/wiki/King_Kong_Song" title="King Kong Song">King Kong Song</a>" for their 1974 album <a href="/wiki/Waterloo_(album)" title="Waterloo (album)">Waterloo</a>. Although later singled out by ABBA songwriters <a href="/wiki/Benny_Andersson" title="Benny Andersson">Benny Andersson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bj%C3%B6rn_Ulvaeus" title="Björn Ulvaeus">Björn Ulvaeus</a> as one of their weakest tracks,<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> it was released as a single in 1977 to coincide with the <a href="/wiki/King_Kong_(1976_film)" title="King Kong (1976 film)">1976 film</a> playing in theaters. <a href="/wiki/Tenacious_D" title="Tenacious D">Tenacious D</a> wrote "Kong" to be released as a bonus track for the Japanese version of <a href="/wiki/The_Pick_of_Destiny" title="The Pick of Destiny">The Pick of Destiny</a> to accompany the <a href="/wiki/Tenacious_D_in_The_Pick_of_Destiny" title="Tenacious D in The Pick of Destiny">film</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The 1994 <a href="/wiki/Nintendo" title="Nintendo">Nintendo</a> <a href="/wiki/Game_Boy" title="Game Boy">Game Boy</a> title <a href="/wiki/Donkey_Kong_(1994_video_game)" title="Donkey Kong (1994 video game)">Donkey Kong</a> features the <a href="/wiki/Donkey_Kong_(character)" title="Donkey Kong (character)">eponymous character</a> grow to a gargantuan size as the game's final boss.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=King_Kong&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_primates" title="List of fictional primates">List of fictional primates</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=King_Kong&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=King_Kong&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Citations">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em ;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERyfle1998353-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyfle1998353_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyfle1998353_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyfle1998353_1-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyfle1998353_1-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFRyfle1998">Ryfle 1998</a>, p. 353. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERyfle1998178-2"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyfle1998178_2-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRyfle1998">Ryfle 1998</a>, p. 178. </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLambie2017" class="citation web cs1">Lambie, Ryan (March 10, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.denofgeek.com/us/movies/king-kong/250594/the-struggles-of-king-kong-76">"The 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Retrieved March 28, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Den+of+Geek&rft.atitle=The+Struggles+of+King+Kong+%2776&rft.date=2017-03-10&rft.aulast=Lambie&rft.aufirst=Ryan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.denofgeek.com%2Fus%2Fmovies%2Fking-kong%2F250594%2Fthe-struggles-of-king-kong-76&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKing+Kong" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ew11-4"><a href="#cite_ref-ew11_4-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSullivan2016" class="citation magazine cs1">Sullivan, Kevin (May 11, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ew.com/article/2016/05/11/kong-skull-island-toby-kebbell">"Toby Kebbell clears up Kong: Skull Island rumors"</a>. 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Retrieved March 29, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Illusion+Almanac&rft.atitle=Extract%3A+%22Animating+Kong%22+%E2%80%94+Godzilla+vs+Kong+visual+effects+by+Weta+Digital&rft.date=2021-05-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fillusion-almanac.com%2F2021%2F05%2F28%2Fextract-animating-kong-godzilla-vs-kong-visual-effects-by-weta-digital%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKing+Kong" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-GxK_Mocap-8"><a href="#cite_ref-GxK_Mocap_8-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFColey2024" class="citation web cs1">Coley, Samantha (May 5, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collider.com/godzilla-x-kong-the-new-empire-fight-sequences-weta-vfx/">"The Best Fight Sequence in 'Godzilla x Kong: The New Empire' Almost Didn't Make the Cut"</a>. 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Retrieved July 25, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Misty+Lee+is+the+voice+of+Baby+King+Kong+in+Skull+Island%3A+Rise+of+Kong&rft.pub=BehindTheVoiceActors&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.behindthevoiceactors.com%2Fvideo-games%2FSkull-Island-Rise-of-Kong%2FBaby-Kong%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKing+Kong" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> The following sources have described King Kong as a kaiju:[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">additional citation(s) needed</a>] <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmbrose2021" class="citation web cs1">Ambrose, Kristy (January 4, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://screenrant.com/godzilla-kaiju-monsters-fight-facts-trivia/">"Godzilla: 10 things you never knew about the kaiju he fought"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Screen_Rant" title="Screen Rant">Screen Rant</a>. 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Retrieved April 13, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dimensional+Branding+Group&rft.atitle=NFTNT+to+Create+NFT+Trading+Cards+for+King+Kong+of+Skull+Island&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdimensionalbranding.com%2Fnftnt-to-create-nft-trading-cards-for-king-kong-of-skull-island%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKing+Kong" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dimensionalbranding.com/king-kong-of-skull-island-adds-dynamite-entertainment-as-games-comics-licensee/">"King Kong of Skull Island adds Dynamite Entertainment as Games & Comics Licensee"</a>. 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Retrieved April 13, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dimensional+Branding+Group&rft.atitle=King+Kong+of+Skull+Island+adds+Dynamite+Entertainment+as+Games+%26+Comics+Licensee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdimensionalbranding.com%2Fking-kong-of-skull-island-adds-dynamite-entertainment-as-games-comics-licensee%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKing+Kong" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.replaymag.com/raw-thrills-february-2021/">"Raw Thrills – February 2021"</a>. February 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210227122310/https://www.replaymag.com/raw-thrills-february-2021/">Archived</a> from the original on February 27, 2021. 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Retrieved May 30, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ryuhei+Ktamura+%26+Shogo+Tomiyama+interview+-+Godzilla+Final+Wars+premiere+-+PennyBlood.com&rft.date=2005-02-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pennyblood.com%2Fgodzilla2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKing+Kong" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-afi-116">^ <a href="#cite_ref-afi_116-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-afi_116-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-afi_116-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-afi_116-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-afi_116-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/4005">"AFI Catalog - King Kong (1933)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/American_Film_Institute" title="American Film Institute">American Film Institute</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230508001413/https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/4005">Archived</a> from the original on May 8, 2023. Retrieved May 7, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Film+Institute&rft.atitle=AFI+Catalog+-+King+Kong+%281933%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcatalog.afi.com%2FCatalog%2Fmoviedetails%2F4005&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKing+Kong" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-TCC_KKVG-117">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TCC_KKVG_117-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TCC_KKVG_117-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TCC_KKVG_117-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.criterion.com/films/30209-king-kong-vs-godzilla">"King Kong vs. Godzilla (1963)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Criterion_Collection" title="The Criterion Collection">The Criterion Collection</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230508001207/https://www.criterion.com/films/30209-king-kong-vs-godzilla">Archived</a> from the original on May 8, 2023. Retrieved May 7, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Criterion+Collection&rft.atitle=King+Kong+vs.+Godzilla+%281963%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.criterion.com%2Ffilms%2F30209-king-kong-vs-godzilla&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKing+Kong" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERyfle199879-118">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyfle199879_118-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERyfle199879_118-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFRyfle1998">Ryfle 1998</a>, p. 79. </li> <li id="cite_note-VT-119"><a href="#cite_ref-VT_119-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParlevliet2022" class="citation web cs1">Parlevliet, Mirko (August 25, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vitalthrills.com/godzilla-vs-kong-sequel/">"Godzilla vs Kong Sequel Starts Filming"</a>. Vital Thrills. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20230419201406/https://www.vitalthrills.com/godzilla-vs-kong-sequel/">Archived</a> from the original on April 19, 2023. Retrieved August 25, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vital+Thrills&rft.atitle=Godzilla+vs+Kong+Sequel+Starts+Filming&rft.date=2022-08-25&rft.aulast=Parlevliet&rft.aufirst=Mirko&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vitalthrills.com%2Fgodzilla-vs-kong-sequel%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKing+Kong" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-WGA_GxK-120">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WGA_GxK_120-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WGA_GxK_120-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://directories.wga.org/project/1240262/origins/">"Origins"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Writers_Guild_of_America_West" title="Writers Guild of America West">Writers Guild of America West</a>. Retrieved April 26, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Writers+Guild+of+America+West&rft.atitle=Origins&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdirectories.wga.org%2Fproject%2F1240262%2Forigins%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKing+Kong" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZorilla,_Monica2021" class="citation web cs1">Zorilla, Monica (January 27, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://variety.com/2021/tv/news/netflix-anime-skull-island-tomb-raider-video-game-1234893288/">"Netflix Expands its Growing Anime Repertoire with 'Skull Island' and 'Tomb Raider' Adaptations"</a>. Variety. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210127234716/https://variety.com/2021/tv/news/netflix-anime-skull-island-tomb-raider-video-game-1234893288/">Archived</a> from the original on January 27, 2021. Retrieved January 27, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=Netflix+Expands+its+Growing+Anime+Repertoire+with+%27Skull+Island%27+and+%27Tomb+Raider%27+Adaptations&rft.date=2021-01-27&rft.au=Zorilla%2C+Monica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvariety.com%2F2021%2Ftv%2Fnews%2Fnetflix-anime-skull-island-tomb-raider-video-game-1234893288%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKing+Kong" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndreeva2022" class="citation web cs1">Andreeva, Nellie (August 23, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deadline.com/2022/08/king-kong-series-disney-plus-stephany-folsom-james-wan-atomic-monster-disney-branded-television-1235098603/">"'King Kong' Live-Action Series In Works At Disney+ From Stephany Folsom, James Wan's Atomic Monster & Disney Branded TV"</a>. Deadline. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220823224049/https://deadline.com/2022/08/king-kong-series-disney-plus-stephany-folsom-james-wan-atomic-monster-disney-branded-television-1235098603/">Archived</a> from the original on August 23, 2022. Retrieved August 24, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%27King+Kong%27+Live-Action+Series+In+Works+At+Disney%2B+From+Stephany+Folsom%2C+James+Wan%27s+Atomic+Monster+%26+Disney+Branded+TV&rft.pub=Deadline&rft.date=2022-08-23&rft.aulast=Andreeva&rft.aufirst=Nellie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdeadline.com%2F2022%2F08%2Fking-kong-series-disney-plus-stephany-folsom-james-wan-atomic-monster-disney-branded-television-1235098603%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKing+Kong" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> National broadcast list. <a href="/wiki/Animage" title="Animage">Animage</a>. <a href="/wiki/Tokuma_Shoten" title="Tokuma Shoten">Tokuma Shoten</a>. October 1981. pp.100-101 </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorthrup2024" class="citation web cs1">Northrup, Ryan (January 12, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://screenrant.com/monarch-season-1-finale-kong-cameo-creator-explained/">"Monarch Season 1 Ending & Surprise Cameo Explained By Creators"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Screenrant" class="mw-redirect" title="Screenrant">Screenrant</a>. Retrieved January 30, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Screenrant&rft.atitle=Monarch+Season+1+Ending+%26+Surprise+Cameo+Explained+By+Creators&rft.date=2024-01-12&rft.aulast=Northrup&rft.aufirst=Ryan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscreenrant.com%2Fmonarch-season-1-finale-kong-cameo-creator-explained%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKing+Kong" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHinsleySimkins1990" class="citation book cs1">Hinsley, F. H.; Simkins, C. A. G. (1990). British Intelligence in the Second World War: Volume 4, Security and Counter-Intelligence. Cambridge University Press. p. 373.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=British+Intelligence+in+the+Second+World+War%3A+Volume+4%2C+Security+and+Counter-Intelligence&rft.pages=373&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.aulast=Hinsley&rft.aufirst=F.+H.&rft.au=Simkins%2C+C.+A.+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKing+Kong" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/album/super-sound-mw0000859947">"AllMusic"</a>. <a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150628215020/http://www.allmusic.com/album/super-sound-mw0000859947">Archived</a> from the original on June 28, 2015. Retrieved August 20, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AllMusic&rft.atitle=AllMusic&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Falbum%2Fsuper-sound-mw0000859947&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKing+Kong" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> Sleeve notes, Waterloo re-issue, Carl Magnus Palm, 2014 </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_and_cited_sources">General and cited sources</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=King_Kong&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: General and cited sources">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Erb, Cynthia Marie, 1998, Tracking King Kong: A Hollywood Icon in World Culture, Wayne State University Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8143-2686-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-8143-2686-2">0-8143-2686-2</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAffeldt2015" class="citation book cs1">Affeldt, Stefanie (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HnZBCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA139">"Exterminating the Brute: Racism and Sexism in 'King Kong'"</a>. In Hund, Wulf D.; Mills, Charles W.; Sebastiani, Silvia (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HnZBCwAAQBAJ">Simianization: Apes, Class, Gender, and Race</a>. Racism Analysis Yearbook 6. Berlin: Lit Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-643-90716-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-643-90716-5"><bdi>978-3-643-90716-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Exterminating+the+Brute%3A+Racism+and+Sexism+in+%27King+Kong%27&rft.btitle=Simianization%3A+Apes%2C+Class%2C+Gender%2C+and+Race&rft.place=Berlin&rft.series=Racism+Analysis+Yearbook+6&rft.pub=Lit+Verlag&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-3-643-90716-5&rft.aulast=Affeldt&rft.aufirst=Stefanie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHnZBCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA139&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKing+Kong" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldnerTurner1975" class="citation book cs1">Goldner, Orville; Turner, George E. (1975). The Making of King Kong: The Story Behind a Film Classic. A. S Barnes and Co.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Making+of+King+Kong%3A+The+Story+Behind+a+Film+Classic&rft.pub=A.+S+Barnes+and+Co.&rft.date=1975&rft.aulast=Goldner&rft.aufirst=Orville&rft.au=Turner%2C+George+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKing+Kong" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorton2005" class="citation book cs1">Morton, Ray (2005). King Kong: The History of a Movie Icon. Applause Theater and Cinema Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1557836698" title="Special:BookSources/1557836698"><bdi>1557836698</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=King+Kong%3A+The+History+of+a+Movie+Icon&rft.pub=Applause+Theater+and+Cinema+Books&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1557836698&rft.aulast=Morton&rft.aufirst=Ray&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKing+Kong" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRyfle1998" class="citation book cs1">Ryfle, Steve (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japansfavoritemo0000ryfl">Japan's Favorite Mon-Star: The Unauthorized Biography of the Big G</a>. ECW Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55022-348-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-55022-348-8"><bdi>1-55022-348-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Japan%27s+Favorite+Mon-Star%3A+The+Unauthorized+Biography+of+the+Big+G&rft.pub=ECW+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=1-55022-348-8&rft.aulast=Ryfle&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjapansfavoritemo0000ryfl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKing+Kong" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVan_Hise1993" class="citation book cs1">Van Hise, James (1993). Hot Blooded Dinosaur Movies. Pioneer Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hot+Blooded+Dinosaur+Movies&rft.pub=Pioneer+Books&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=Van+Hise&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKing+Kong" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVaz2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mark_Cotta_Vaz" title="Mark Cotta Vaz">Vaz, Mark Cotta</a> (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/livingdangerousl00vazm">Living Dangerously: The Adventures of Merian C. Cooper, Creator of King Kong</a>. Villard. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4000-6276-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-4000-6276-4"><bdi>1-4000-6276-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Living+Dangerously%3A+The+Adventures+of+Merian+C.+Cooper%2C+Creator+of+King+Kong&rft.pub=Villard&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1-4000-6276-4&rft.aulast=Vaz&rft.aufirst=Mark+Cotta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flivingdangerousl00vazm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKing+Kong" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=King_Kong&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media 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href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/King_Kong" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/King Kong">King Kong</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li>The 1933 film <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0024216/">King Kong</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kongisking.net/index.shtml">Official King Kong movies website</a></li> <li>The 2005 remake <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0360717/">King Kong</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/pe.cgi?24863">King Kong</a> series listing at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Speculative_Fiction_Database" title="Internet Speculative Fiction Database">Internet Speculative Fiction Database</a></li></ul> <div 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="King_Kong" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:King_Kong" title="Template:King Kong"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:King_Kong" title="Template talk:King Kong"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:King_Kong" title="Special:EditPage/Template:King Kong"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="King_Kong" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/King_Kong_(franchise)" title="King Kong (franchise)">King Kong</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">King Kong</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kong_(Monsterverse)" title="Kong (Monsterverse)">Monsterverse</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Denham" title="Carl Denham">Carl Denham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Driscoll_(character)" title="Jack Driscoll (character)">Jack Driscoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godzilla" title="Godzilla">Godzilla</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Godzilla_(Monsterverse)" title="Godzilla (Monsterverse)">Monsterverse</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">American films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Live action</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King_Kong_(1933_film)" title="King Kong (1933 film)">King Kong</a> (1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_of_Kong" title="Son of Kong">Son of Kong</a> (1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Kong_(1976_film)" title="King Kong (1976 film)">King Kong</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Kong_Lives" title="King Kong Lives">King Kong Lives</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Kong_(2005_film)" title="King Kong (2005 film)">King Kong</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kong:_Skull_Island" title="Kong: Skull Island">Kong: Skull Island</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godzilla_vs._Kong" title="Godzilla vs. Kong">Godzilla vs. Kong</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godzilla_x_Kong:_The_New_Empire" title="Godzilla x Kong: The New Empire">Godzilla x Kong: The New Empire</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Animated</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Mighty_Kong" title="The Mighty Kong">The Mighty Kong</a> (1998)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Japanese films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Toho Co., Ltd</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King_Kong_vs._Godzilla" title="King Kong vs. Godzilla">King Kong vs. Godzilla</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Kong_Escapes" title="King Kong Escapes">King Kong Escapes</a> (1967)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unauthorized/lost</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wasei_Kingu_Kongu" title="Wasei Kingu Kongu">Wasei Kingu Kongu</a> (1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_King_Kong_That_Appeared_in_Edo" title="The King Kong That Appeared in Edo">The King Kong That Appeared in Edo</a> (1938)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Lost_World_(1925_film)" title="The Lost World (1925 film)">The Lost World</a> (1925)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingagi" title="Ingagi">Ingagi</a> (1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creation_(unfinished_film)" title="Creation (unfinished film)">Creation</a> (1931, unfinished)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mighty_Joe_Young_(1949_film)" title="Mighty Joe Young (1949 film)">Mighty Joe Young</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konga_(film)" title="Konga (film)">Konga</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Mighty_Gorga" title="The Mighty Gorga">The Mighty Gorga</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mighty_Joe_Young_(1998_film)" title="Mighty Joe Young (1998 film)">Mighty Joe Young</a> (1998)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ready_Player_One_(film)" title="Ready Player One (film)">Ready Player One</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godzilla:_King_of_the_Monsters_(2019_film)" title="Godzilla: King of the Monsters (2019 film)">Godzilla: King of the Monsters</a> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Television</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_King_Kong_Show" title="The King Kong Show">The King Kong Show</a> (1966–1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kong:_The_Animated_Series" title="Kong: The Animated Series">Kong: The Animated Series</a> (2000–2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kong:_King_of_the_Apes" title="Kong: King of the Apes">Kong: King of the Apes</a> (2016–2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skull_Island_(TV_series)" title="Skull Island (TV series)">Skull Island</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King_Kong_(2013_musical)" title="King Kong (2013 musical)">King Kong</a> (2013)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Attractions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kong_(ride)" title="Kong (ride)">Kong</a> (1972; rebuilt 2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Kong_Encounter" title="King Kong Encounter">King Kong Encounter</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kongfrontation" title="Kongfrontation">Kongfrontation</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Kong:_360_3-D" title="King Kong: 360 3-D">King Kong: 360 3-D</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skull_Island:_Reign_of_Kong" title="Skull Island: Reign of Kong">Skull Island: Reign of Kong</a> (2016)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Video games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King_Kong_(Atari_2600)" title="King Kong (Atari 2600)">King Kong</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Kong_2:_Ikari_no_Megaton_Punch" title="King Kong 2: Ikari no Megaton Punch">King Kong 2: Ikari no Megaton Punch</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Kong_2:_Yomigaeru_Densetsu" title="King Kong 2: Yomigaeru Densetsu">King Kong 2: Yomigaeru Densetsu</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konami_Wai_Wai_World" title="Konami Wai Wai World">Konami Wai Wai World</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Kong_(2005_video_game)" title="King Kong (2005 video game)">Peter Jackson's King Kong: The Official Game of the Movie</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skull_Island:_Rise_of_Kong" title="Skull Island: Rise of Kong">Skull Island: Rise of Kong</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King_Kong_in_popular_culture" title="King Kong in popular culture">King Kong in popular culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Kong_(comics)" title="King Kong (comics)">Comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Kong_statue" title="King Kong statue">King Kong statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skull_Island_(King_Kong)" title="Skull Island (King Kong)">Skull Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_City_Studios,_Inc._v._Nintendo_Co.,_Ltd." title="Universal City Studios, Inc. v. Nintendo Co., Ltd.">Universal City Studios, Inc. v. Nintendo Co., Ltd.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Kong_vs._Tarzan" title="King Kong vs. Tarzan">King Kong vs. Tarzan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monsterverse" title="Monsterverse">Monsterverse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godzilla_(franchise)" title="Godzilla (franchise)">Godzilla (franchise)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarzan_and_Jane_(TV_series)" title="Tarzan and Jane (TV series)">Tarzan and Jane, "Return of the King"</a> (2018)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:King_Kong_(franchise)" title="Category:King Kong (franchise)">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Godzilla" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Godzilla" title="Template:Godzilla"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Godzilla" title="Template talk:Godzilla"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Godzilla" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Godzilla"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Godzilla" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Godzilla_(franchise)" title="Godzilla (franchise)">Godzilla</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monsterverse" title="Monsterverse">Monsterverse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godzilla_in_popular_culture" title="Godzilla in popular culture">Godzilla in popular culture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/-zilla" title="-zilla">-zilla</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godzilla_(comics)" title="Godzilla (comics)">Comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Godzilla_games" title="List of Godzilla games">Video games</a></li> <li>Creators <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tomoyuki_Tanaka" title="Tomoyuki Tanaka">Tomoyuki Tanaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eiji_Tsuburaya" title="Eiji Tsuburaya">Eiji Tsuburaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishir%C5%8D_Honda" title="Ishirō Honda">Ishirō Honda</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Films" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Films</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Japanese</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Shōwa era</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Godzilla_(1954_film)" title="Godzilla (1954 film)">Godzilla</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godzilla_Raids_Again" title="Godzilla Raids Again">Godzilla Raids Again</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Kong_vs._Godzilla" title="King Kong vs. Godzilla">King Kong vs. Godzilla</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mothra_vs._Godzilla" title="Mothra vs. Godzilla">Mothra vs. Godzilla</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghidorah,_the_Three-Headed_Monster" title="Ghidorah, the Three-Headed Monster">Ghidorah, the Three-Headed Monster</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Astro-Monster" title="Invasion of Astro-Monster">Invasion of Astro-Monster</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebirah,_Horror_of_the_Deep" title="Ebirah, Horror of the Deep">Ebirah, Horror of the Deep</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_of_Godzilla" title="Son of Godzilla">Son of Godzilla</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destroy_All_Monsters" title="Destroy All Monsters">Destroy All Monsters</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_Monsters_Attack" title="All Monsters Attack">All Monsters Attack</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godzilla_vs._Hedorah" title="Godzilla vs. Hedorah">Godzilla vs. Hedorah</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godzilla_vs._Gigan" title="Godzilla vs. Gigan">Godzilla vs. Gigan</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godzilla_vs._Megalon" title="Godzilla vs. Megalon">Godzilla vs. Megalon</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godzilla_vs._Mechagodzilla" title="Godzilla vs. Mechagodzilla">Godzilla vs. Mechagodzilla</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terror_of_Mechagodzilla" title="Terror of Mechagodzilla">Terror of Mechagodzilla</a> (1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Heisei era</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Return_of_Godzilla" title="The Return of Godzilla">The Return of Godzilla</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godzilla_vs._Biollante" title="Godzilla vs. Biollante">Godzilla vs. Biollante</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godzilla_vs._King_Ghidorah" title="Godzilla vs. King Ghidorah">Godzilla vs. King Ghidorah</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godzilla_vs._Mothra" title="Godzilla vs. Mothra">Godzilla vs. Mothra</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godzilla_vs._Mechagodzilla_II" title="Godzilla vs. Mechagodzilla II">Godzilla vs. Mechagodzilla II</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godzilla_vs._SpaceGodzilla" title="Godzilla vs. SpaceGodzilla">Godzilla vs. SpaceGodzilla</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godzilla_vs._Destoroyah" title="Godzilla vs. Destoroyah">Godzilla vs. Destoroyah</a> (1995)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Millennium era</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Godzilla_2000" title="Godzilla 2000">Godzilla 2000</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godzilla_vs._Megaguirus" title="Godzilla vs. Megaguirus">Godzilla vs. Megaguirus</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godzilla,_Mothra_and_King_Ghidorah:_Giant_Monsters_All-Out_Attack" title="Godzilla, Mothra and King Ghidorah: Giant Monsters All-Out Attack">Godzilla, Mothra and King Ghidorah: Giant Monsters All-Out Attack</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godzilla_Against_Mechagodzilla" title="Godzilla Against Mechagodzilla">Godzilla Against Mechagodzilla</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godzilla:_Tokyo_S.O.S." title="Godzilla: Tokyo S.O.S.">Tokyo S.O.S.</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godzilla:_Final_Wars" title="Godzilla: Final Wars">Final Wars</a> (2004)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reiwa era</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shin_Godzilla" title="Shin Godzilla">Shin Godzilla</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godzilla:_Planet_of_the_Monsters" title="Godzilla: Planet of the Monsters">Planet of the Monsters</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godzilla:_City_on_the_Edge_of_Battle" title="Godzilla: City on the Edge of Battle">City on the Edge of Battle</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godzilla:_The_Planet_Eater" title="Godzilla: The Planet Eater">The Planet Eater</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godzilla_Minus_One" title="Godzilla Minus One">Godzilla Minus One</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">American</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Godzilla,_King_of_the_Monsters!" title="Godzilla, King of the Monsters!">Godzilla, King of the Monsters!</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godzilla_1985" title="Godzilla 1985">Godzilla 1985</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godzilla_(1998_film)" title="Godzilla (1998 film)">Godzilla</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godzilla_(2014_film)" title="Godzilla (2014 film)">Godzilla</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godzilla:_King_of_the_Monsters_(2019_film)" title="Godzilla: King of the Monsters (2019 film)">Godzilla: King of the Monsters</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godzilla_vs._Kong" title="Godzilla vs. Kong">Godzilla vs. Kong</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godzilla_x_Kong:_The_New_Empire" title="Godzilla x Kong: The New Empire">Godzilla x Kong: The New Empire</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Television" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Television</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Japanese</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zone_Fighter" title="Zone Fighter">Zone Fighter</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godzilland" title="Godzilland">Godzilland</a> (1992–1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godzilla_Island" title="Godzilla Island">Godzilla Island</a> (1997–1998) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Godzilla_Island_episodes" title="List of Godzilla Island episodes">episodes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godzilla_Singular_Point" title="Godzilla Singular Point">Godzilla Singular Point</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chibi_Godzilla_Raids_Again" title="Chibi Godzilla Raids Again">Chibi Godzilla Raids Again</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">American</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Godzilla_(1978_TV_series)" title="Godzilla (1978 TV series)">Godzilla</a> (1978–1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godzilla:_The_Series" title="Godzilla: The Series">Godzilla: The Series</a> (1998–2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarch:_Legacy_of_Monsters" title="Monarch: Legacy of Monsters">Monarch: Legacy of Monsters</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Music" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Music</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Soundtracks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Godzilla_(Main_Theme)" title="Godzilla (Main Theme)">Godzilla (Main Theme)</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godzilla:_The_Album" title="Godzilla: The Album">Godzilla: The Album</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godzilla:_Final_Wars_(soundtrack)" title="Godzilla: Final Wars (soundtrack)">Final Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godzilla_(2014_soundtrack)" title="Godzilla (2014 soundtrack)">Godzilla</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godzilla:_King_of_the_Monsters_(soundtrack)" title="Godzilla: King of the Monsters (soundtrack)">King of the Monsters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godzilla_vs._Kong_(soundtrack)" title="Godzilla vs. Kong (soundtrack)">Godzilla vs. Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godzilla_Minus_One_(soundtrack)" title="Godzilla Minus One (soundtrack)">Godzilla Minus One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godzilla_x_Kong:_The_New_Empire_(soundtrack)" title="Godzilla x Kong: The New Empire (soundtrack)">Godzilla x Kong: The New Empire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Godzilla_(Blue_%C3%96yster_Cult_song)" title="Godzilla (Blue Öyster Cult song)">Godzilla</a>" (Blue Öyster Cult)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Godzilla_(Eminem_song)" class="mw-redirect" title="Godzilla (Eminem song)">Godzilla</a>" (Eminem)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Who_Will_Know" title="Who Will Know">Who Will Know</a>" (Shiro Sagisu)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Miscellaneous" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Miscellaneous</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Beast_from_20,000_Fathoms" title="The Beast from 20,000 Fathoms">The Beast from 20,000 Fathoms</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bambi_Meets_Godzilla" title="Bambi Meets Godzilla">Bambi Meets Godzilla</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godzilla:_King_of_the_Monsters_in_3D" title="Godzilla: King of the Monsters in 3D">Godzilla: King of the Monsters in 3D</a> (unproduced)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godzilla_vs._Charles_Barkley" title="Godzilla vs. Charles Barkley">Godzilla vs. Charles Barkley</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monster_Planet_of_Godzilla" title="Monster Planet of Godzilla">Monster Planet of Godzilla</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Always:_Sunset_on_Third_Street_2" title="Always: Sunset on Third Street 2">Always: Sunset on Third Street 2</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ready_Player_One_(film)" title="Ready Player One (film)">Ready Player One</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shin_Ultraman" title="Shin Ultraman">Shin Ultraman</a> (2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kaiju" title="Kaiju">Kaiju</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Godzilla" title="Godzilla">Godzilla</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Godzilla_(Heisei)" title="Godzilla (Heisei)">Heisei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godzilla_(Monsterverse)" title="Godzilla (Monsterverse)">Monsterverse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shin_Godzilla_(character)" title="Shin Godzilla (character)">Shin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godzilla_(Godzilla_Minus_One)" title="Godzilla (Godzilla Minus One)">Minus One</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anguirus" title="Anguirus">Anguirus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodan" title="Rodan">Rodan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varan" title="Varan">Varan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mothra" title="Mothra">Mothra</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">King Kong</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kong_(Monsterverse)" title="Kong (Monsterverse)">Monsterverse</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Ghidorah" title="King Ghidorah">King Ghidorah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baragon" title="Baragon">Baragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minilla" title="Minilla">Minilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedorah" title="Hedorah">Hedorah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gigan" title="Gigan">Gigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megalon" title="Megalon">Megalon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mechagodzilla" title="Mechagodzilla">Mechagodzilla</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kiryu_(Godzilla)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiryu (Godzilla)">Kiryu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biollante" title="Biollante">Biollante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godzilla_Junior" title="Godzilla Junior">Godzilla Junior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceGodzilla" title="SpaceGodzilla">SpaceGodzilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megaguirus" title="Megaguirus">Megaguirus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zilla_(Godzilla)" title="Zilla (Godzilla)">Zilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MUTO" title="MUTO">MUTO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiamat_(Godzilla)" title="Tiamat (Godzilla)">Tiamat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zilla_Junior" class="mw-redirect" title="Zilla Junior">Zilla Junior</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Movie_Monster_Game" title="The Movie Monster Game">The Movie Monster Game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_Soccer:_Field_no_Hasha" title="Battle Soccer: Field no Hasha">Battle Soccer: Field no Hasha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godzilla_Game" title="Godzilla Game">Godzilla Game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godzilla_(Ciencin_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Godzilla (Ciencin series)">Godzilla (Ciencin novel series)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godzilla_(Cerasini_series)" title="Godzilla (Cerasini series)">Godzilla (Cerasini novel series)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godzilla_and_Godzilla_Raids_Again" title="Godzilla and Godzilla Raids Again">Godzilla and Godzilla Raids Again</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G-Fest" title="G-Fest">G-Fest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhedosaurus" title="Rhedosaurus">Rhedosaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gotengo" class="mw-redirect" title="Gotengo">Gotengo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miki_Saegusa" title="Miki Saegusa">Miki Saegusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_X" class="mw-redirect" title="Super X">Super X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toho" title="Toho">Toho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SciFi_Japan_TV" title="SciFi Japan TV">SciFi Japan TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Kong_(franchise)" title="King Kong (franchise)">King Kong franchise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hibiya_Godzilla_Square" title="Hibiya Godzilla Square">Hibiya Godzilla Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shin_Japan_Heroes_Universe" title="Shin Japan Heroes Universe">Shin Japan Heroes Universe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamen_Rider" title="Kamen Rider">Kamen Rider franchise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neon_Genesis_Evangelion_(franchise)" title="Neon Genesis Evangelion (franchise)">Neon Genesis Evangelion franchise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultraman" title="Ultraman">Ultraman franchise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godzilla_vs._Evangelion:_The_Real_4-D" title="Godzilla vs. Evangelion: The Real 4-D">Godzilla vs. Evangelion: The Real 4-D</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Godzilla_(franchise)" title="Category:Godzilla (franchise)">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Monsterverse" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Monsterverse" title="Template:Monsterverse"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Monsterverse" title="Template talk:Monsterverse"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Monsterverse" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Monsterverse"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Monsterverse" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Monsterverse" title="Monsterverse">Monsterverse</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Godzilla_(2014_film)" title="Godzilla (2014 film)">Godzilla</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kong:_Skull_Island" title="Kong: Skull Island">Kong: Skull Island</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godzilla:_King_of_the_Monsters_(2019_film)" title="Godzilla: King of the Monsters (2019 film)">Godzilla: King of the Monsters</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godzilla_vs._Kong" title="Godzilla vs. Kong">Godzilla vs. Kong</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godzilla_x_Kong:_The_New_Empire" title="Godzilla x Kong: The New Empire">Godzilla x Kong: The New Empire</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Television</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Skull_Island_(TV_series)" title="Skull Island (TV series)">Skull Island</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarch:_Legacy_of_Monsters" title="Monarch: Legacy of Monsters">Monarch: Legacy of Monsters</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Soundtracks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Godzilla_(2014_soundtrack)" title="Godzilla (2014 soundtrack)">Godzilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kong:_Skull_Island_(soundtrack)" title="Kong: Skull Island (soundtrack)">Kong: Skull Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godzilla:_King_of_the_Monsters_(soundtrack)" title="Godzilla: King of the Monsters (soundtrack)">Godzilla: King of the Monsters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godzilla_vs._Kong_(soundtrack)" title="Godzilla vs. Kong (soundtrack)">Godzilla vs. Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godzilla_x_Kong:_The_New_Empire_(soundtrack)" title="Godzilla x Kong: The New Empire (soundtrack)">Godzilla x Kong: The New Empire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Monsters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Godzilla_(Monsterverse)" title="Godzilla (Monsterverse)">Godzilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Ghidorah" title="King Ghidorah">King Ghidorah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kong_(Monsterverse)" title="Kong (Monsterverse)">Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mechagodzilla" title="Mechagodzilla">Mechagodzilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mothra" title="Mothra">Mothra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MUTO" title="MUTO">MUTO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodan" title="Rodan">Rodan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiamat_(Godzilla)" title="Tiamat (Godzilla)">Tiamat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Godzilla_(franchise)" title="Godzilla (franchise)">Godzilla (franchise)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Kong_(franchise)" title="King Kong (franchise)">King Kong (franchise)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Monsterverse" title="Category:Monsterverse">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216810#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216810#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216810#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/66175755">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PCjrG9q8v8w9PMMwh4X8f4q">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/120738112">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2018101903">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jo2016908720&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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