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<span>Description</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Description-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Description subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Description-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Build" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Build"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Build</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Build-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Fur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geographic_variation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geographic_variation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Geographic variation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geographic_variation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Behaviour" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Behaviour"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Behaviour</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Behaviour-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Behaviour subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Behaviour-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Social_and_territorial_behaviours" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Social_and_territorial_behaviours"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Social and territorial behaviours</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Social_and_territorial_behaviours-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reproduction_and_development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reproduction_and_development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Reproduction and development</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reproduction_and_development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Burrowing_behaviours" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Burrowing_behaviours"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Burrowing behaviours</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Burrowing_behaviours-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Diet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relationships_with_other_predators" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relationships_with_other_predators"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Relationships with other predators</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relationships_with_other_predators-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Distribution_and_habitat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Distribution_and_habitat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Distribution and habitat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Distribution_and_habitat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>In culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-In_culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle In culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-In_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-In_folklore,_religion,_and_mythology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_folklore,_religion,_and_mythology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>In folklore, religion, and mythology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_folklore,_religion,_and_mythology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Predation_on_livestock_and_crops" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Predation_on_livestock_and_crops"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Predation on livestock and crops</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Predation_on_livestock_and_crops-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Attacks_on_humans_and_grave_desecration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Attacks_on_humans_and_grave_desecration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Attacks on humans and grave desecration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Attacks_on_humans_and_grave_desecration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hunting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hunting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Hunting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hunting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Striped_hyenas_as_food" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Striped_hyenas_as_food"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Striped hyenas as food</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Striped_hyenas_as_food-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Striped_hyenas_in_folk_magic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Striped_hyenas_in_folk_magic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>Striped hyenas in folk magic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Striped_hyenas_in_folk_magic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tameability" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tameability"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.7</span> <span>Tameability</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tameability-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Striped hyena</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 69 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-69" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">69 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gestreepte_hi%C3%ABna" title="Gestreepte hiëna – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Gestreepte hiëna" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B6%D8%A8%D8%B9_%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%B7%D8%B7%D8%A9" title="ضبع مخططة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ضبع مخططة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyaena_hyaena" title="Hyaena hyaena – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Hyaena hyaena" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zolaql%C4%B1_kaftar" title="Zolaqlı kaftar – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Zolaqlı kaftar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%84%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="زولاقلی کافتار – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="زولاقلی کافتار" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE" title="ডোরাকাটা হায়না – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ডোরাকাটা হায়না" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Паласатая гіена – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Паласатая гіена" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Паласатая гіена – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Паласатая гіена" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Ивичеста хиена – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ивичеста хиена" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bleiz-broc%27h_roudennek" title="Bleiz-broc'h roudennek – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Bleiz-broc'h roudennek" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiena_ratllada" title="Hiena ratllada – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Hiena ratllada" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyaena_hyaena" title="Hyaena hyaena – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Hyaena hyaena" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyena_%C5%BE%C3%ADhan%C3%A1" title="Hyena žíhaná – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hyena žíhaná" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stribet_hy%C3%A6ne" title="Stribet hyæne – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Stribet hyæne" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streifenhy%C3%A4ne" title="Streifenhyäne – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Streifenhyäne" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A9%C3%A9h_%C5%82%C3%A9%C3%A9ch%C4%85%C4%85%CA%BC%C3%AD_nood%C7%AB%CC%81z%C3%ADg%C3%AD%C3%AD" title="Tééh łééchąąʼí noodǫ́zígíí – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Tééh łééchąąʼí noodǫ́zígíí" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%B6%C3%B6th%C3%BC%C3%A4%C3%A4n" title="Vööthüään – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vööthüään" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%8E%CE%B1%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B1_%CE%B7_%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%B2%CE%B4%CF%89%CF%84%CE%AE" title="Ύαινα η ραβδωτή – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ύαινα η ραβδωτή" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyaena_hyaena" title="Hyaena hyaena – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hyaena hyaena" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyaena_hyaena" title="Hyaena hyaena – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hyaena hyaena" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87" title="کفتار راه‌راه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کفتار راه‌راه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hy%C3%A8ne_ray%C3%A9e" title="Hyène rayée – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hyène rayée" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyaena_hyaena" title="Hyaena hyaena – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Hyaena hyaena" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%9D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%96" title="ઝરખ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ઝરખ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A4%84%EB%AC%B4%EB%8A%AC%ED%95%98%EC%9D%B4%EC%97%90%EB%82%98" title="줄무늬하이에나 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="줄무늬하이에나" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%BE" title="धारीदार लकड़बग्घा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="धारीदार लकड़बग्घा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prugasta_hijena" title="Prugasta hijena – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Prugasta hijena" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiena_bergaris" title="Hiena bergaris – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hiena bergaris" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyaena_hyaena" title="Hyaena hyaena – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Hyaena hyaena" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A2_%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A1" title="צבוע מפוספס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="צבוע מפוספס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%96%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98_%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ზოლებიანი აფთარი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ზოლებიანი აფთარი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digdatol_(Hyaena_hyaena)" title="Digdatol (Hyaena hyaena) – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Digdatol (Hyaena hyaena)" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keftar%C3%AA_bi_x%C3%AAz" title="Keftarê bi xêz – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Keftarê bi xêz" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sv%C4%ABtrain%C4%81_hi%C4%93na" title="Svītrainā hiēna – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Svītrainā hiēna" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dry%C5%BEuotoji_hiena" title="Dryžuotoji hiena – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Dryžuotoji hiena" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cs%C3%ADkos_hi%C3%A9na" title="Csíkos hiéna – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Csíkos hiéna" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iaina_mibaribary" title="Iaina mibaribary – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Iaina mibaribary" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A6%E1%83%9D%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A7%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A7%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ღოზამი ყორყმელი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ღოზამი ყორყმელი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B6%D8%A8%D8%B9_%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%B7%D8%B7" title="ضبع مخطط – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ضبع مخطط" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dubuk_belang" title="Dubuk belang – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Dubuk belang" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyaena_hyaena" title="Hyaena hyaena – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Hyaena hyaena" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gestreepte_hyena" title="Gestreepte hyena – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gestreepte hyena" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="पाटे हुँडार – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="पाटे हुँडार" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B7%E3%83%9E%E3%83%8F%E3%82%A4%E3%82%A8%E3%83%8A" title="シマハイエナ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="シマハイエナ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stripehyene" title="Stripehyene – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Stripehyene" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirtlon_(do%E2%80%98lta)" title="Sirtlon (do‘lta) – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Sirtlon (do‘lta)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DA%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7_%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7" title="دھاریوالا ہائینا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="دھاریوالا ہائینا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiena_pr%C4%99gowana" title="Hiena pręgowana – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Hiena pręgowana" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiena-riscada" title="Hiena-riscada – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Hiena-riscada" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hien%C4%83_dungat%C4%83" title="Hienă dungată – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Hienă dungată" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Полосатая гиена – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Полосатая гиена" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Striped_hyaena" title="Striped hyaena – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Striped hyaena" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyena_p%C3%A1sav%C3%A1" title="Hyena pásavá – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Hyena pásavá" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhidar" title="Dhidar – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Dhidar" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Пругаста хијена – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Пругаста хијена" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prugasta_hijena" title="Prugasta hijena – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Prugasta hijena" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juovahyeena" title="Juovahyeena – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Juovahyeena" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strimmig_hyena" title="Strimmig hyena – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Strimmig hyena" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF" title="வரிக் கழுதைப்புலி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வரிக் கழுதைப்புலி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aridal" title="Aridal – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Aridal" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Кафтор – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Кафтор" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87izgili_s%C4%B1rtlan" title="Çizgili sırtlan – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Çizgili sırtlan" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D1%94%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Гієна смугаста – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гієна смугаста" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DA%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%84%DA%AF%DA%91%D8%A8%DA%BE%DA%AF%D8%A7" title="دھاریدار لگڑبھگا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="دھاریدار لگڑبھگا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linh_c%E1%BA%A9u_v%E1%BA%B1n" title="Linh cẩu vằn – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Linh cẩu vằn" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyaena_hyaena" title="Hyaena hyaena – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Hyaena hyaena" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%A1%E7%BA%B9%E9%AC%A3%E7%8B%97" title="条纹鬣狗 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="条纹鬣狗" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A2%9D%E7%B4%8B%E9%AC%A3%E7%8B%97" title="條紋鬣狗 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="條紋鬣狗" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%A1%E7%BA%B9%E9%AC%A3%E7%8B%97" title="条纹鬣狗 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="条纹鬣狗" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q188657#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Striped_hyena" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Species of hyena</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the Siouxsie and the Banshees album, see <a href="/wiki/Hy%C3%A6na" title="Hyæna">Hyæna</a>. For the larger group of animals that includes the genus "<i>Hyaena</i>", see <a href="/wiki/Hyena" title="Hyena">Hyena</a>. For the Travis Scott song, see <a href="/wiki/Hyaena_(song)" title="Hyaena (song)">Hyaena (song)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Striped hyena<br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">Temporal range: <span class="noprint"><span style="display:inline-block;"></span><span style="display:inline-block;">0.7–0 <a href="/wiki/Megaannum" class="mw-redirect" title="Megaannum">Ma</a></span> <span style="display:inline-block;"></span><div id="Timeline-row" style="margin: 4px auto 0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:18px; overflow:visible; white-space:nowrap; border:1px #666; border-style:solid none; position:relative; z-index:0; font-size:97%;"> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; left:0px; width:207.23076923077px; padding-left:5px; text-align:left; background-color:rgb(254,217,106); background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(254,217,106,1) 15%, rgba(254,217,106,1));"><a href="/wiki/Precambrian" title="Precambrian">PreꞒ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,160,86); left:37.636923076923px; width:18.073846153846px;"><a href="/wiki/Cambrian" title="Cambrian">Ꞓ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(0,146,112); left:55.710769230769px; width:14.08px;"><a href="/wiki/Ordovician" title="Ordovician">O</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(179,225,182); left:69.790769230769px; width:8.3261538461539px;"><a href="/wiki/Silurian" title="Silurian">S</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(203,140,55); left:78.116923076923px; width:20.409230769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Devonian" title="Devonian">D</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(103,165,153); left:98.526153846154px; width:20.307692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Carboniferous" title="Carboniferous">C</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(240,64,40); left:118.83384615385px; width:15.907015384615px;"><a href="/wiki/Permian" title="Permian">P</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(129,43,146); left:134.74086153846px; width:17.092984615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Triassic" title="Triassic">T</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(52,178,201); left:151.83384615385px; width:19.089230769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Jurassic" title="Jurassic">J</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,198,78); left:170.92307692308px; width:26.738461538462px;"><a href="/wiki/Cretaceous" title="Cretaceous">K</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(253,154,82); left:197.66153846154px; width:14.543692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Paleogene" title="Paleogene">Pg</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(255,230,25); left:212.20523076923px; width:6.9215384615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Neogene" title="Neogene">N</a></div> <div id="end-border" style="position:absolute; height:100%; background-color:#666; width:1px; left:219px"></div><div style="margin:0 auto; line-height:0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:8px; overflow:visible; background-color:transparent; position:relative; top:-4px; z-index:100;"> <div style="position:absolute; left:219.76307692308px; font-size:50%"><div style="position:relative; left:-0.42em">↓</div></div> </div> </div></span> <a href="/wiki/Middle_Pleistocene" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle Pleistocene">Middle Pleistocene</a> – Recent</div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Striped_hyena_(Hyaena_hyaena)_-_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Striped_hyena_%28Hyaena_hyaena%29_-_cropped.jpg/220px-Striped_hyena_%28Hyaena_hyaena%29_-_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Striped_hyena_%28Hyaena_hyaena%29_-_cropped.jpg/330px-Striped_hyena_%28Hyaena_hyaena%29_-_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Striped_hyena_%28Hyaena_hyaena%29_-_cropped.jpg/440px-Striped_hyena_%28Hyaena_hyaena%29_-_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="2256" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"> <th colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Conservation_status" title="Conservation status">Conservation status</a></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Status_iucn3.1_NT.svg/220px-Status_iucn3.1_NT.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Status_iucn3.1_NT.svg/330px-Status_iucn3.1_NT.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Status_iucn3.1_NT.svg/440px-Status_iucn3.1_NT.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="137" /></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Near_Threatened" class="mw-redirect" title="Near Threatened">Near Threatened</a> <small> (<a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN 3.1</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Hyaena" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Domain: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote">Eukaryota</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Phylum: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Class: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">Mammalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Carnivora" title="Carnivora">Carnivora</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Suborder: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Feliformia" title="Feliformia">Feliformia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hyena" title="Hyena">Hyaenidae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Subfamily: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hyaeninae" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyaeninae">Hyaeninae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Hyaena</i></a><br /><small>Brisson, 1762</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Species: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="species"><i><b>H. hyaena</b></i></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">Binomial name</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><b><span class="binomial"><span style="font-weight:normal;"></span><i>Hyaena hyaena</i></span></b><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">Linnaeus</a>, <a href="/wiki/10th_edition_of_Systema_Naturae" title="10th edition of Systema Naturae">1758</a>) <sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Striped_Hyaena_area.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Striped_Hyaena_area.png/220px-Striped_Hyaena_area.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Striped_Hyaena_area.png/330px-Striped_Hyaena_area.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Striped_Hyaena_area.png/440px-Striped_Hyaena_area.png 2x" data-file-width="451" data-file-height="386" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%"><div style="float: left;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#4E7F2A; color:white;"> </span> Striped hyena range</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Synonym_(taxonomy)" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">Synonyms</a><sup id="cite_ref-MSW3_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MSW3-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>List</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Canis hyaena</i> <small><a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">Linnaeus</a>, <a href="/wiki/10th_edition_of_Systema_Naturae" title="10th edition of Systema Naturae">1758</a></small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Hyaena antiquorum</i> <small>(Temminck, 1820)</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Hyaena barbara</i> <small>de Blainville, 1844</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Hyaena bergeri</i> <small>Matschie, 1910</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Hyaena bilkiewiczi</i> <small>Satunin, 1905</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Hyaena bokcharensis</i> <small>Satunin, 1905</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Hyaena dubbah</i> <small>Meyer, 1793</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Hyaena dubia</i> <small>Schinz, 1821</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Hyaena fasciata</i> <small>Thunberg, 1820</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Hyaena hienomelas</i> <small>Matschie, 1900</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Hyaena hyaenomelas</i> <small>(Bruce In Desmarest, 1820)</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Hyaena indica</i> <small>de Blainville, 1844</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Hyaena orientalis</i> <small>Tiedemann, 1808</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Hyaena rendilis</i> <small>Lönnberg, 1912</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Hyaena satunini</i> <small>Matschie, 1910</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Hyaena schillingsi</i> <small>Matschie, 1900</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Hyaena striata</i> <small>Zimmermann, 1777</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Hyaena suilla</i> <small>Filippi, 1853</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Hyaena sultana</i> <small>Pocock, 1934</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Hyaena syriaca</i> <small>Matschie, 1900</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Hyaena virgata</i> <small>Ogilby, 1840</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Hyaena vulgaris</i> <small>Desmarest, 1820</small> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><i>Hyaena zarudnyi</i> <small>Satunin, 1905</small> </li></ul> </div> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p>The <b>striped hyena</b> (<i><b>Hyaena hyaena</b></i>) is a species of <a href="/wiki/Hyena" title="Hyena">hyena</a> native to <a href="/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North</a> and <a href="/wiki/East_Africa" title="East Africa">East Africa</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus">Caucasus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asia</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a>. It is the only extant species in the genus <i><b>Hyaena</b></i>. It is listed by the <a href="/wiki/IUCN" class="mw-redirect" title="IUCN">IUCN</a> as <a href="/wiki/Near-threatened_species" title="Near-threatened species">near-threatened</a>, as the global population is estimated to be under 10,000 mature individuals which continues to experience deliberate and incidental persecution along with a decrease in its prey base such that it may come close to meeting a continuing decline of 10% over the next three generations.<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is the smallest of the bone-cracking hyenas and retains many primitive <a href="/wiki/Viverridae" title="Viverridae">viverrid</a>-like characteristics lost in larger species,<sup id="cite_ref-k66_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-k66-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> having a smaller and less specialised skull.<sup id="cite_ref-r348_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-r348-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-h16_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h16-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though primarily a scavenger, large specimens have been known to kill their own prey,<sup id="cite_ref-m22_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m22-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and attacks on humans have occurred in rare instances.<sup id="cite_ref-h46_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h46-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The striped hyena is a <a href="/wiki/Monogamy_in_animals" title="Monogamy in animals">monogamous</a> animal, with both males and females assisting one another in raising their cubs.<sup id="cite_ref-h40_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h40-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A nocturnal animal, the striped hyena typically only emerges in complete darkness, and is quick to return to its lair before sunrise.<sup id="cite_ref-h36_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h36-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although it has a habit of <a href="/wiki/Apparent_death" title="Apparent death">feigning death</a> when attacked, it has been known to stand its ground against larger predators in disputes over food.<sup id="cite_ref-p72_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p72-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The striped hyena features prominently in Middle Eastern and Asian folklore. In some areas, its body parts are considered magical, and are used as <a href="/wiki/Spell_(paranormal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spell (paranormal)">charms</a> or <a href="/wiki/Talisman" title="Talisman">talismans</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-magic_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-magic-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is mentioned in the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Hebrew Bible</a>, where it is referred to as <i>tzebua</i> or <i>zevoa</i>, though it is absent in some <a href="/wiki/Bible_translations_into_English" title="Bible translations into English">Bible translations into English</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BOTF_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BOTF-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ancient Greeks knew it as <i>γλάνος</i> (glános) and <i>ύαινα</i> (húaina) and were familiar with it from the Aegean coast of <a href="/wiki/Asia_Minor" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia Minor">Asia Minor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The striped hyena is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_national_animals" title="List of national animals">national animal</a> of <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Evolution">Evolution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Striped_hyena&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Evolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The species may have evolved from <i>Hyaenictitherium namaquensis</i> of <a href="/wiki/Pliocene" title="Pliocene">Pliocene</a> <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>. Striped hyena fossils are common in Africa, with records going back as far as the Middle <a href="/wiki/Pleistocene" title="Pleistocene">Pleistocene</a> and even to the Villafranchian. As fossil striped hyenas are absent from the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean region</a>, it is likely that the species is a relatively late invader to Eurasia, having likely spread outside Africa only after the extirpation of <a href="/wiki/Spotted_hyena" title="Spotted hyena">spotted hyenas</a> from Asia at the end of the <a href="/wiki/Last_glacial_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Last glacial period">last glacial period</a>. The striped hyena occurred for some time in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> during the Pleistocene, having been particularly widespread in <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> and <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>. It also occurred in <a href="/wiki/Montmaurin" title="Montmaurin">Montmaurin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hollabrunn" title="Hollabrunn">Hollabrunn</a> in <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>, the Furninha Cave in <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Genista_Caves" title="Genista Caves">Genista Caves</a> in <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a>. The European form was similar in appearance to modern populations, but was larger, being comparable in size to the <a href="/wiki/Brown_hyena" title="Brown hyena">brown hyena</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-k66_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-k66-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Striped_hyena&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Build">Build</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Striped_hyena&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Build"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Animaldentition_hyaenahyaena.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Animaldentition_hyaenahyaena.png/200px-Animaldentition_hyaenahyaena.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="325" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Animaldentition_hyaenahyaena.png/300px-Animaldentition_hyaenahyaena.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Animaldentition_hyaenahyaena.png/400px-Animaldentition_hyaenahyaena.png 2x" data-file-width="455" data-file-height="740" /></a><figcaption>Dentition, as illustrated in Knight's <i>Sketches in Natural History</i>.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Die_vergleichende_Osteologie_(1821)_Hyaena_hyaena.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Die_vergleichende_Osteologie_%281821%29_Hyaena_hyaena.jpg/200px-Die_vergleichende_Osteologie_%281821%29_Hyaena_hyaena.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Die_vergleichende_Osteologie_%281821%29_Hyaena_hyaena.jpg/300px-Die_vergleichende_Osteologie_%281821%29_Hyaena_hyaena.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Die_vergleichende_Osteologie_%281821%29_Hyaena_hyaena.jpg/400px-Die_vergleichende_Osteologie_%281821%29_Hyaena_hyaena.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1770" data-file-height="1290" /></a><figcaption>Skeleton</figcaption></figure> <p>The striped hyena has a fairly massive, but short <a href="/wiki/Torso" title="Torso">torso</a> set on long legs. The hind legs are significantly shorter than the forelimbs, thus causing the back to slope downwards. The legs are relatively thin and weak, with the forelegs being bent at the <a href="/wiki/Carpal_bones" title="Carpal bones">carpal region</a>. The neck is thick, long and largely immobile, while the head is heavy and massive with a shortened facial region. The eyes are small, while the sharply pointed ears are very large, broad and set high on the head. Like all hyenas, the striped hyena has bulky pads on its paws, as well as blunt but powerful claws. The tail is short and the <a href="/wiki/Terminal_hair" title="Terminal hair">terminal hairs</a> do not descend below the <a href="/wiki/Achilles_tendon" title="Achilles tendon">achilles tendon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-h11_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h11-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The female striped hyena's genitalia are transiently masculinized,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although it lacks the enlarged clitoris and false scrotal sack noted in the <a href="/wiki/Female_genitalia_of_the_spotted_hyena" class="mw-redirect" title="Female genitalia of the spotted hyena">female genitalia of the spotted hyena</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-h8_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h8-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The female has 3 pairs of <a href="/wiki/Nipple" title="Nipple">nipples</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-p67_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p67-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Adult weight can range from 22 to 55 kg (49 to 121 lb), averaging at about 35 kg (77 lb). Body length can range from 85 to 130 cm (33 to 51 in), not counting a tail of 25 to 40 cm (9.8 to 15.7 in), and shoulder height is between 60–80 cm (24–31 in).<sup id="cite_ref-m21_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m21-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="anchor" id="Scent_glands"></span>The male has a large pouch of naked skin located at the anal opening. Large anal glands open into it from above the <a href="/wiki/Anus" title="Anus">anus</a>. Several <a href="/wiki/Sebaceous_gland" title="Sebaceous gland">sebaceous glands</a> are present between the openings of the anal glands and above them.<sup id="cite_ref-p62_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p62-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The anus can be everted up to a length of 5 cm, and is everted during social interaction and mating. When attacked, the striped hyena everts its rectum and sprays a pungent smelling liquid from its anal glands.<sup id="cite_ref-h38_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h38-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its sense of <a href="/wiki/Olfaction" class="mw-redirect" title="Olfaction">smell</a> is acute, though its <a href="/wiki/Eyesight" class="mw-redirect" title="Eyesight">eyesight</a> and sense of <a href="/wiki/Hearing_(sense)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hearing (sense)">hearing</a> are weak.<sup id="cite_ref-p73_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p73-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Description_iconographique_compar%C3%A9e_du_squelette_et_du_syst%C3%A8me_dentaire_des_mammif%C3%A8res_r%C3%A9cents_et_fossiles_(Hyaena_hyaena_skull).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Description_iconographique_compar%C3%A9e_du_squelette_et_du_syst%C3%A8me_dentaire_des_mammif%C3%A8res_r%C3%A9cents_et_fossiles_%28Hyaena_hyaena_skull%29.jpg/220px-Description_iconographique_compar%C3%A9e_du_squelette_et_du_syst%C3%A8me_dentaire_des_mammif%C3%A8res_r%C3%A9cents_et_fossiles_%28Hyaena_hyaena_skull%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Description_iconographique_compar%C3%A9e_du_squelette_et_du_syst%C3%A8me_dentaire_des_mammif%C3%A8res_r%C3%A9cents_et_fossiles_%28Hyaena_hyaena_skull%29.jpg/330px-Description_iconographique_compar%C3%A9e_du_squelette_et_du_syst%C3%A8me_dentaire_des_mammif%C3%A8res_r%C3%A9cents_et_fossiles_%28Hyaena_hyaena_skull%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Description_iconographique_compar%C3%A9e_du_squelette_et_du_syst%C3%A8me_dentaire_des_mammif%C3%A8res_r%C3%A9cents_et_fossiles_%28Hyaena_hyaena_skull%29.jpg/440px-Description_iconographique_compar%C3%A9e_du_squelette_et_du_syst%C3%A8me_dentaire_des_mammif%C3%A8res_r%C3%A9cents_et_fossiles_%28Hyaena_hyaena_skull%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1680" data-file-height="1816" /></a><figcaption>Skull</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Skull" title="Skull">skull</a> is entirely typical of the genus, having a very high <a href="/wiki/Sagittal_crest" title="Sagittal crest">sagittal crest</a>, a shortened facial region and an inflated <a href="/wiki/Frontal_bone" title="Frontal bone">frontal bone</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-h14_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h14-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The skull of the striped hyena differs from that of the brown<sup id="cite_ref-h16_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h16-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and spotted hyena by its smaller size and slightly less massive build. It is nonetheless still powerfully structured and well adapted to anchoring exceptionally strong jaw muscles<sup id="cite_ref-r348_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-r348-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which give it enough bite-force to splinter a <a href="/wiki/Camel" title="Camel">camel</a>'s thigh bone.<sup id="cite_ref-p73_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p73-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the dentition is overall smaller than that of the spotted hyena, the upper molar of the striped hyena is far larger.<sup id="cite_ref-r348_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-r348-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Dental_formula" class="mw-redirect" title="Dental formula">dental formula</a> is <span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:-0.5em; font-size:85%; text-align:center;"><span style="display:block; line-height:1em; padding:0 0.1em;" title="upper dentition: Incisors.Canines.Premolars.Molars">3.1.4.0–1</span><span style="display:block; line-height:1em; padding:0 0.1em; border-top:1px solid;" title="lower dentition: Incisors.Canines.Premolars.Molars">3.1.3.<span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>1<span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span></span></span></span>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fur">Fur</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Striped_hyena&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Fur"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The winter coat is unusually long and uniform for an animal its size, with a luxuriant mane of tough, long hairs along the back from the <a href="/wiki/Occiput" class="mw-redirect" title="Occiput">occiput</a> to the base of the tail. The coat is generally coarse and bristly, though this varies according to season. In winter, the coat is fairly dense, soft, and has well-developed underfur. The <a href="/wiki/Guard_hair" title="Guard hair">guard hairs</a> are 50–75 mm long on the flanks, 150–225 mm long on the mane and 150 mm on the tail. In summer, the coat is much shorter and coarser, and lacks underfur, though the mane remains large.<sup id="cite_ref-h11_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h11-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In winter, the coat is usually of a dirty-brownish grey or dirty grey colour. The hairs of the mane are light grey or white at the base, and black or dark brown at the tips. The muzzle is dark, greyish brown, brownish-grey or black, while the top of the head and cheeks are more lightly coloured. The ears are almost black. A large black spot is present on the front of the neck, and is separated from the chin by a light zone. A dark field ascends from the flanks ascending to the rear of the cheeks. The inner and outer surface of the forelegs are covered with small dark spots and transverse stripes. The flanks have four indistinct dark vertical stripes and rows of diffused spots. The outer surface of the thighs has 3–4 distinct vertical or oblique dark bands which merge into transverse stripes in the lower portion of the legs. The tip of the tail is black with white underfur.<sup id="cite_ref-h11_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h11-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Geographic_variation">Geographic variation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Striped_hyena&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Geographic variation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of 2005<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Striped_hyena&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>,<sup id="cite_ref-MSW3_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MSW3-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> no <a href="/wiki/Subspecies" title="Subspecies">subspecies</a> are recognised. The striped hyena is nonetheless a geographically varied animal. Hyenas in the Arabian peninsula have an accentuated blackish dorsal mane, with mid-dorsal hairs reaching 20 cm in length. The base colour of Arabian hyenas is grey to whitish grey, with dusky grey muzzles and buff yellow below the eyes. Hyenas in Israel have a dorsal crest which is mixed grey and black in colour, rather than being predominantly black.<sup id="cite_ref-m21_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m21-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The largest striped hyenas come from the Middle East, Asia Minor, Central and the Indian subcontinent, while those of East Africa and the Arabian peninsula are smaller.<sup id="cite_ref-m22_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m22-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-o427_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-o427-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Behaviour">Behaviour</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Striped_hyena&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Behaviour"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Social_and_territorial_behaviours">Social and territorial behaviours</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Striped_hyena&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Social and territorial behaviours"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The striped hyena is a primarily nocturnal animal, which typically only leaves its den at the onset of total darkness, returning before sunrise.<sup id="cite_ref-h36_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h36-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Striped hyenas typically live alone or in pairs, though groups of up to seven animals are known in Libya. They are generally not territorial animals, with home ranges of different groups often overlapping each other. Home ranges in the <a href="/wiki/Serengeti" title="Serengeti">Serengeti</a> have been recorded to be 44 km<sup>2</sup> (17 sq mi)-72 km<sup>2</sup> (28 sq mi), while one in the <a href="/wiki/Negev" title="Negev">Negev</a> was calculated at 61 km<sup>2</sup> (24 sq mi). When <a href="/wiki/Scent_marking" class="mw-redirect" title="Scent marking">marking their territory</a>, striped hyenas use the paste of their anal pouch (<a href="/wiki/Hyena_butter" title="Hyena butter">hyena butter</a>) to <a href="/wiki/Scent_mark" class="mw-redirect" title="Scent mark">scent mark</a> grass, stalks, stones, tree trunks, and other objects. In aggressive encounters, the black patch near the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae is erected. When fighting, striped hyenas will bite at the throat and legs, but avoid the mane, which serves as a signalling device. When greeting each other, they lick the mid-back region, sniff each other's noses, extrude their anal pouch, or paw each other's throats.<sup id="cite_ref-m24_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m24-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The species is not as vocal as the spotted hyena, its vocalisations being limited to a chattering laugh and howling.<sup id="cite_ref-p73_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p73-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reproduction_and_development">Reproduction and development</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Striped_hyena&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Reproduction and development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The striped hyena is <a href="/wiki/Monogamy_in_animals" title="Monogamy in animals">monogamous</a>, with the male establishing the den with the female, helping her raise and feed when cubs are born. The <a href="/wiki/Breeding_season" class="mw-redirect" title="Breeding season">mating season</a> varies according to location; in <a href="/wiki/Transcaucasia" class="mw-redirect" title="Transcaucasia">Transcaucasia</a>, striped hyenas breed in January–February, while those in southeast <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenia</a> breed in October–November. In captivity, breeding is non-seasonal. <a href="/wiki/Mating" title="Mating">Mating</a> can occur at any time of the day, during which the male grips the skin of the female's neck.<sup id="cite_ref-h40_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h40-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Gestation_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Gestation period">gestation period</a> lasts 90–91 days. Striped hyena cubs are born with adult markings, closed eyes, and small ears. This is in marked contrast to newborn spotted hyena cubs which are born almost fully developed, though with black, unmarked coats.<sup id="cite_ref-r350_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-r350-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their eyes open after 7–8 days, and the cubs leave their dens after one month. Cubs are weaned at the age of 2 months, and are then fed by both parents. By autumn, the cubs are half the size of their parents. In the wild, striped hyenas can live for 12 years, while in captivity they have been known to reach 23.<sup id="cite_ref-h40_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h40-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Burrowing_behaviours">Burrowing behaviours</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Striped_hyena&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Burrowing behaviours"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The striped hyena may dig its own dens, but it also establishes its lairs in caves, rock fissures, erosion channels, and burrows formerly occupied by porcupines, wolves, warthogs, and aardvarks. Hyena dens can be identified by the presence of bones at their entrances. The striped hyena hides in caves, niches, pits, dense thickets, reeds, and plume grass during the day to shelter from predators, heat, or winter cold. The size and elaboration of striped hyena dens varies according to location; dens in the <a href="/wiki/Karakum_Desert" title="Karakum Desert">Karakum</a> have entrances 0.67–0.72 m wide and are extended over a distance of 4.15–5 m, with no lateral extensions or special chambers. In contrast, hyena dens in Israel are much more elaborate and large, exceeding 27 m in length.<sup id="cite_ref-m24_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m24-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-h33_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h33-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Diet">Diet</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Striped_hyena&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Diet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hyena_6.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Hyena_6.jpg/220px-Hyena_6.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Hyena_6.jpg/330px-Hyena_6.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Hyena_6.jpg/440px-Hyena_6.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3557" data-file-height="2001" /></a><figcaption>Striped hyena scavenging in <a href="/wiki/Mirzapur_district" title="Mirzapur district">Mirzapur</a> forest division, India</figcaption></figure> <p>The striped hyena is primarily a scavenger which feeds mainly on <a href="/wiki/Ungulate" title="Ungulate">ungulate</a> carcasses in different stages of <a href="/wiki/Decomposition" title="Decomposition">decomposition</a>, fresh bones, <a href="/wiki/Cartilage" title="Cartilage">cartilages</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ligament" title="Ligament">ligaments</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bone_marrow" title="Bone marrow">bone marrow</a>. It crushes long bones into fine particles and swallows them, though sometimes entire bones are eaten whole.<sup id="cite_ref-h31_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h31-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The striped hyena is not a fussy eater, though it has an aversion to <a href="/wiki/Old_World_vultures" class="mw-redirect" title="Old World vultures">vulture</a> flesh.<sup id="cite_ref-r349_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-r349-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It will occasionally attack and kill any animal it can overcome.<sup id="cite_ref-p72_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p72-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It hunts prey by running it down, grabbing its flanks or groin and inflicting mortal wounds by tearing out the <a href="/wiki/Viscera" class="mw-redirect" title="Viscera">viscera</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-h39_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h39-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Turkmenistan, the species is recorded to feed on <a href="/wiki/Wild_boar" title="Wild boar">wild boar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mongolian_wild_ass" title="Mongolian wild ass">kulan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Porcupine" title="Porcupine">porcupines</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tortoise" title="Tortoise">tortoises</a>. A seasonal abundance of <a href="/wiki/Elaeagnus" title="Elaeagnus">oil willow fruits</a> is an important food source in Uzbekistan and Tajikistan, while in the Caucasus, it is <a href="/wiki/Grasshopper" title="Grasshopper">grasshoppers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-h31_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h31-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Israel, the striped hyena feeds on garbage, carrion, and fruits. In eastern Jordan, its main sources of food are feral horse and water buffalo carcasses and village refuse. It has been suggested that only the large hyenas of the Middle East, Asia minor, central Asia, and the Indian subcontinent attack large prey, with no evidence of their smaller Arabian and east African cousins doing so.<sup id="cite_ref-m22_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m22-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because of its scavenging diet, the striped hyena requires more water to survive than most other carnivores.<sup id="cite_ref-h31_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h31-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When eating, the striped hyena gorges itself until satisfied, though hyenas with cubs will transport food to their dens.<sup id="cite_ref-r349_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-r349-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because of the high content of <a href="/wiki/Calcium" title="Calcium">calcium</a> in its diet, the <a href="/wiki/Feces" title="Feces">feces</a> of the striped hyena becomes white very rapidly, and can be visible from long distances.<sup id="cite_ref-h33_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h33-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relationships_with_other_predators">Relationships with other predators</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Striped_hyena&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Relationships with other predators"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_Wolves_eating_Blackbuck_Kill.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Indian_Wolves_eating_Blackbuck_Kill.png/220px-Indian_Wolves_eating_Blackbuck_Kill.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Indian_Wolves_eating_Blackbuck_Kill.png/330px-Indian_Wolves_eating_Blackbuck_Kill.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Indian_Wolves_eating_Blackbuck_Kill.png/440px-Indian_Wolves_eating_Blackbuck_Kill.png 2x" data-file-width="802" data-file-height="498" /></a><figcaption>Striped hyena observing <a href="/wiki/Wolf" title="Wolf">wolves</a> consuming a <a href="/wiki/Blackbuck" title="Blackbuck">blackbuck</a> carcass</figcaption></figure> <p>The striped hyena competes with the <a href="/wiki/Wolf" title="Wolf">grey wolf</a> in the Middle East and central Asia. In the latter area, a great portion of the hyena's diet stems from wolf-killed carcasses. In Israel the striped hyena is dominant over the wolf on a one-to-one basis, though wolves in packs can displace single hyenas from carcasses.<sup id="cite_ref-m24_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m24-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both species have been known to share dens on occasion.<sup id="cite_ref-johnson_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-johnson-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On rare occasions, striped hyenas are also known to travel with and live amongst wolf packs, with each doing the other no harm. Both predators may benefit from this unusual alliance, as the hyenas have better senses of smell and greater strength, and the wolves may be better at tracking large prey.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Red_fox" title="Red fox">Red foxes</a> may compete with striped hyenas on large carcasses. Red foxes may give way to hyenas on unopened carcasses, as the latter's stronger jaws can easily tear open flesh which is too tough for foxes. Foxes may harass hyenas, using their smaller size and greater speed to avoid the hyena's attacks. Sometimes, foxes seem to deliberately torment hyenas even when there is no food at stake. Some foxes may mistime their attacks, and are killed.<sup id="cite_ref-fox_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fox-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The species frequently scavenges from the kills of <a href="/wiki/Felid" class="mw-redirect" title="Felid">felids</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Tiger" title="Tiger">tigers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leopard" title="Leopard">leopards</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cheetah" title="Cheetah">cheetahs</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Caracal" title="Caracal">caracals</a>. A caracal can drive a subadult hyena from a carcass. The hyena usually wins in one-to-one disputes over carcasses with leopards, cheetahs, and tiger cubs, but is dominated by adult tigers.<sup id="cite_ref-p72_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p72-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-m24_29-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m24-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, the hyena is <a href="/wiki/Sympatry" title="Sympatry">sympatric</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Asiatic_lion" title="Asiatic lion">Asiatic lion</a> in <a href="/wiki/Gir_Forest_National_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Gir Forest National Park">Gir Forest National Park</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Singh2011_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Singh2011-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Sloth_bear" title="Sloth bear">sloth bear</a> in <a href="/wiki/Balaram_Ambaji_Wildlife_Sanctuary" title="Balaram Ambaji Wildlife Sanctuary">Balaram Ambaji Wildlife Sanctuary</a>, in the Indian State of <a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BalaramAmbaji2016_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BalaramAmbaji2016-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distribution_and_habitat">Distribution and habitat</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Striped_hyena&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Distribution and habitat"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Striped_Hyena_Adult.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Striped_Hyena_Adult.jpg/220px-Striped_Hyena_Adult.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Striped_Hyena_Adult.jpg/330px-Striped_Hyena_Adult.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Striped_Hyena_Adult.jpg/440px-Striped_Hyena_Adult.jpg 2x" data-file-width="674" data-file-height="774" /></a><figcaption>A wild individual at <a href="/wiki/Blackbuck_National_Park,_Velavadar" title="Blackbuck National Park, Velavadar">Blackbuck National Park, Velavadar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a> state, India.</figcaption></figure> <p>The striped hyena's historical range encompassed <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a> north of and including the <a href="/wiki/Sahel" title="Sahel">Sahel</a> zone, eastern Africa south into <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula" title="Arabian Peninsula">Arabian Peninsula</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a> up to the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus">Caucasus</a> (<a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a>), <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> (excluding the higher areas of <a href="/wiki/Hindukush" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindukush">Hindukush</a>), and the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Subcontinent" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Subcontinent">Indian Subcontinent</a>. Today the species' distribution is patchy in most ranges, thus indicating that it occurs in many isolated populations, particularly in most of west Africa, most of the Sahara, parts of the Middle East, the Caucasus, and central Asia. It does however have a continuous distribution over large areas of <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a>, and Tanzania. Its modern distribution in <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, Iran, and Afghanistan is unknown with some sizable large number in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> in open areas of <a href="/wiki/Deccan_Plateau" title="Deccan Plateau">Deccan Plateau</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-m44_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m44-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable collapsible collapsed"> <tbody><tr> <th>Country </th> <th>Population </th> <th>Status </th> <th>Threats/Protection </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> </td> <td>Unknown<sup id="cite_ref-m67_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m67-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Data_deficient" title="Data deficient">Data deficient</a><sup id="cite_ref-m68_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m68-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Striped hyenas are caught, either for <a href="/wiki/Hyena-baiting" title="Hyena-baiting">hyena-baiting</a> or for medicinal purposes<sup id="cite_ref-m68_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m68-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a> </td> <td>50–100<sup id="cite_ref-m67_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m67-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Threatened" class="mw-redirect" title="Threatened">Threatened</a><sup id="cite_ref-m68_42-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m68-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Although protected by décret no. 83-509, striped hyenas are declining in Algeria due to poaching, forest fires and the disturbance of den sites<sup id="cite_ref-m68_42-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m68-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a> </td> <td>100-1,000<sup id="cite_ref-m67_41-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m67-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Data deficient<sup id="cite_ref-m68_42-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m68-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Burkina Faso's striped hyena population is low but stable, with hunting only being permitted outside national parks and in retaliation to livestock losses<sup id="cite_ref-m68_42-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m68-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a> </td> <td>100-1,000<sup id="cite_ref-m67_41-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m67-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Data deficient<sup id="cite_ref-m68_42-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m68-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Cameroon's striped hyenas are afforded no protection or special attention outside of national parks and reserves<sup id="cite_ref-m68_42-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m68-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus">Caucasus</a> (<a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a>) </td> <td>150–200<sup id="cite_ref-m67_41-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m67-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Threatened<sup id="cite_ref-m68_42-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m68-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Declining in all three countries due to hunting for fur and in retaliation to attacks on humans. Other factors include habitat loss, a reduction in large herbivore populations and changes in livestock management<sup id="cite_ref-m68_42-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m68-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a> </td> <td>Unknown<sup id="cite_ref-m67_41-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m67-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Data deficient<sup id="cite_ref-m68_42-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m68-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> </td> <td>1,000–2,000<sup id="cite_ref-m67_41-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m67-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Data deficient<sup id="cite_ref-m68_42-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m68-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Striped hyenas are offered no protection outside of national parks and reserves, and are hunted and poisoned as pests. There is also a reduced availability of animal carcasses for them to feed on<sup id="cite_ref-m68_42-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m68-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a> </td> <td>Unknown<sup id="cite_ref-m67_41-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m67-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lower_risk" title="Lower risk">Lower risk</a> in Ethiopia and data deficient in Eritrea, with no records in Djibouti<sup id="cite_ref-m68_42-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m68-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Ethiopian hyenas are specially protected under Schedule 5 of the Wildlife Conservation Amendment Regulations (1974), though they may be hunted under special permit for EtBirr 40 (equivalent to US$20) for science, education or zoology<sup id="cite_ref-m68_42-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m68-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> </td> <td>1,000–3,000<sup id="cite_ref-m67_41-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m67-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Data deficient<sup id="cite_ref-m68_42-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m68-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Although India's hyenas are protected, this is given only within conservation areas, and the population is in decline outside national parks due to poaching, competition with leopards over shelter and diminishing food stocks.<sup id="cite_ref-m68_42-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m68-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> </td> <td>Unknown<sup id="cite_ref-m67_41-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m67-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Data deficient<sup id="cite_ref-m68_42-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m68-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Striped hyenas are protected by law<sup id="cite_ref-m68_42-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m68-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> </td> <td>100-1,000<sup id="cite_ref-m67_41-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m67-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Threatened<sup id="cite_ref-m68_42-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m68-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Iraqi hyena population is decreasing, though wildlife laws regulate their hunting<sup id="cite_ref-m68_42-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m68-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> </td> <td>100–170<sup id="cite_ref-m67_41-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m67-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Threatened<sup id="cite_ref-m68_42-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m68-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Although hyenas have largely recovered from the strychnine poisoning campaigns of 1918–1948, and are protected by law, the current nature reserves housing them may be too small to ensure a viable population. Road accidents are their most serious threat<sup id="cite_ref-m68_42-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m68-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a> </td> <td>Unknown<sup id="cite_ref-m67_41-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m67-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Threatened<sup id="cite_ref-m68_42-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m68-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Hyenas are actively hunted, as they are considered threats to human life.<sup id="cite_ref-m68_42-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m68-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a> </td> <td>1,000–2,000<sup id="cite_ref-m67_41-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m67-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Lower risk<sup id="cite_ref-m68_42-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m68-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Striped hyenas are likely to decrease in Kenya because of accelerated habitat destruction and poaching.<sup id="cite_ref-m68_42-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m68-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a> </td> <td>0<sup id="cite_ref-m67_41-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m67-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Probably <a href="/wiki/Extinct" class="mw-redirect" title="Extinct">extinct</a><sup id="cite_ref-m68_42-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m68-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a> </td> <td>4,000-4,500<sup id="cite_ref-m67_41-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m67-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>low risk<sup id="cite_ref-m68_42-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m68-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>The striped hyena is protected by law and culture they thrive in Lebanon's rich biomes risk of extinction is low but recognition is a must </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a> </td> <td>Unknown<sup id="cite_ref-m67_41-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m67-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Data deficient<sup id="cite_ref-m68_42-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m68-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a> </td> <td>Unknown<sup id="cite_ref-m67_41-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m67-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Data deficient<sup id="cite_ref-m68_42-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m68-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a> </td> <td>Unknown<sup id="cite_ref-m67_41-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m67-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Data deficient<sup id="cite_ref-m68_42-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m68-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a> </td> <td>50–500<sup id="cite_ref-m67_41-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m67-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Threatened<sup id="cite_ref-m68_42-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m68-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Though protected by law, the hyena population is in drastic decline, with the remaining individuals now having withdrawn to the southern mountains<sup id="cite_ref-m68_42-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m68-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a> </td> <td>10–50<sup id="cite_ref-m67_41-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m67-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Data deficient<sup id="cite_ref-m68_42-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m68-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Although a small population of hyenas is confirmed, it is not considered a priority for protection by the government outside of national parks and reserves<sup id="cite_ref-m68_42-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m68-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a> </td> <td>100–500<sup id="cite_ref-m67_41-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m67-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Threatened<sup id="cite_ref-m68_42-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m68-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Declining due to officially sanctioned hunting and persecution campaigns, as well as habitat loss and overgrazing<sup id="cite_ref-m68_42-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m68-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a> </td> <td>Unknown<sup id="cite_ref-m67_41-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m67-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Threatened<sup id="cite_ref-m68_42-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m68-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a> </td> <td>100-1,000<sup id="cite_ref-m67_41-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m67-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Threatened<sup id="cite_ref-m68_42-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m68-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Although not protected, striped hyenas are not officially persecuted, and are considered useful scavengers<sup id="cite_ref-m68_42-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m68-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> </td> <td>Unknown<sup id="cite_ref-m67_41-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m67-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Data deficient<sup id="cite_ref-m68_42-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m68-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><i>Hyaena hyaena</i> is included in the <a href="/wiki/Convention_on_International_Trade_in_Endangered_Species_of_Wild_Fauna_and_Flora" class="mw-redirect" title="Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora">Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora</a> (CITES) Appendix III by request of Pakistan<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> </td> <td>100-1,000<sup id="cite_ref-m67_41-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m67-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Threatened<sup id="cite_ref-m68_42-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m68-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Though not officially persecuted, Arabian hyenas are not offered protection outside of national parks and reserves, and are severely poached<sup id="cite_ref-m68_42-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m68-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a> </td> <td>50–100<sup id="cite_ref-m67_41-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m67-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Threatened<sup id="cite_ref-m68_42-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m68-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a> </td> <td>Unknown<sup id="cite_ref-m67_41-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m67-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Data deficient<sup id="cite_ref-m68_42-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m68-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a> </td> <td>Unknown<sup id="cite_ref-m67_41-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m67-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Data deficient<sup id="cite_ref-m68_42-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m68-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> </td> <td>Unknown<sup id="cite_ref-m67_41-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m67-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Data deficient<sup id="cite_ref-m68_42-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m68-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a> </td> <td>Unknown<sup id="cite_ref-m67_41-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m67-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Threatened<sup id="cite_ref-m68_42-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m68-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a> </td> <td>Unknown<sup id="cite_ref-m67_41-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m67-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Data deficient<sup id="cite_ref-m68_42-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m68-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Striped hyenas can be hunted, though they are not usually a target species. Roadkills are the most frequently recorded cause of mortality<sup id="cite_ref-m68_42-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m68-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a> </td> <td>Unknown<sup id="cite_ref-m67_41-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m67-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Data deficient<sup id="cite_ref-m68_42-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m68-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> </td> <td>Small isolated populations<sup id="cite_ref-iberianature.com_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iberianature.com-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Threatened<sup id="cite_ref-lcie.org_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lcie.org-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-kasparek_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kasparek-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a> </td> <td>100–500<sup id="cite_ref-m67_41-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m67-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Threatened<sup id="cite_ref-m68_42-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m68-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Declining from hunting, though listed in the Red Data Book of Turkmenia<sup id="cite_ref-m68_42-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m68-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a> </td> <td>Unknown<sup id="cite_ref-m67_41-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m67-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Data defictient <sup id="cite_ref-m68_42-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m68-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a> </td> <td>25–100<sup id="cite_ref-m67_41-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m67-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Threatened<sup id="cite_ref-m68_42-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m68-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Striped hyena populations have declined over decades from active hunting and habitat loss, though they are listed in the Red Data Book of Uzbekistan and are protected<sup id="cite_ref-m68_42-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m68-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara" title="Western Sahara">Western Sahara</a> </td> <td>Unknown<sup id="cite_ref-m67_41-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m67-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Data deficient<sup id="cite_ref-m68_42-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m68-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a> </td> <td>Unknown<sup id="cite_ref-m67_41-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m67-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Data deficient<sup id="cite_ref-m68_42-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m68-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_culture">In culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Striped_hyena&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: In culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_folklore,_religion,_and_mythology"><span id="In_folklore.2C_religion.2C_and_mythology"></span>In folklore, religion, and mythology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Striped_hyena&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: In folklore, religion, and mythology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hyenamosaic.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Hyenamosaic.jpg/220px-Hyenamosaic.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9d/Hyenamosaic.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="310" data-file-height="305" /></a><figcaption>A striped hyena, as depicted on the <a href="/wiki/Nile_mosaic_of_Palestrina" title="Nile mosaic of Palestrina">Nile mosaic of Palestrina</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Striped hyenas are frequently referenced in Middle Eastern literature and folklore, typically as symbols of treachery and stupidity.<sup id="cite_ref-ABI_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ABI-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the Near and Middle East, striped hyenas are generally regarded as physical incarnations of <a href="/wiki/Jinn" title="Jinn">jinns</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-magic_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-magic-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Zakariya_al-Qazwini" title="Zakariya al-Qazwini">Zakariya al-Qazwini</a> (1204–1283) wrote in <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> of a tribe of people called "Hyena People". In his book <i>Marvels of Creatures and the Strange Things Existing</i> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">عجائب المخلوقات وغرائب الموجودات</span></span>), he wrote that should one of this tribe be in a group of 1,000 people, a hyena could pick him out and eat him.<sup id="cite_ref-ABI_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ABI-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a> medical treatise written in 1376 tells how to cure cannibalistic people known as <i>kaftar</i> who are said to be "half-man, half-hyena".<sup id="cite_ref-magic_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-magic-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Al-Doumairy in his writings in <i>Hawayan Al-Koubra</i> (1406) wrote that striped hyenas were <a href="/wiki/Vampire" title="Vampire">vampiric creatures</a> that attacked people at night and sucked the blood from their necks. He also wrote that hyenas only attacked brave people. Arab folklore tells of how hyenas can mesmerise victims with their eyes or sometimes with their <a href="/wiki/Pheromone" title="Pheromone">pheromones</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ABI_48-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ABI-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Until the end of the 19th century, the <a href="/wiki/Greeks" title="Greeks">Greeks</a> believed that the bodies of <a href="/wiki/Werewolf" title="Werewolf">werewolves</a>, if not destroyed, would haunt battlefields as vampiric hyenas which drank the blood of dying soldiers.<sup id="cite_ref-Woodward_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Woodward-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The image of striped hyenas in Afghanistan, India, Pakistan and Palestine is more varied. Though feared, striped hyenas were also symbolic of love and fertility, leading to numerous varieties of love medicine derived from hyena body parts. Among the <a href="/wiki/Baloch_people" title="Baloch people">Baloch people</a>, witches or magicians are said to ride striped hyenas at night.<sup id="cite_ref-magic_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-magic-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Arabic word for striped hyenas is alluded in a valley in Israel known as Shaqq al-Diba (meaning "cleft of the hyenas") and Wadi Abu Diba (meaning "valley of the hyenas"). Both places have been interpreted by some scholars as being the Biblical Valley of <a href="/wiki/Zeboim_(Hebrew_Bible)" title="Zeboim (Hebrew Bible)">Zeboim</a> mentioned in <a href="/wiki/Books_of_Samuel" title="Books of Samuel">1 Samuel</a> 13:18. The <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a> word for hyena is <i>tsavoa</i>, which literally means "colored creature" (compare <span lang="he"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%91%D7%A2#Hebrew" class="extiw" title="wikt:צבע">לִצְבֹּעַ</a></span> <i>litzboa</i> "to color, to paint, to dye"). Though the <a href="/wiki/King_James_Version" title="King James Version">King James Version</a> of the Bible interprets this word (which appears in the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Jeremiah" title="Book of Jeremiah">Book of Jeremiah</a> 12:9) as referring to a "speckled bird", <a href="/wiki/Henry_Baker_Tristram" title="Henry Baker Tristram">Henry Baker Tristram</a> argued that it was most likely a hyena being mentioned.<sup id="cite_ref-BOTF_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BOTF-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Gnosticism" title="Gnosticism">Gnosticism</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Archon" title="Archon">Archon</a> Astaphaios is depicted with a hyænid face.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Predation_on_livestock_and_crops">Predation on livestock and crops</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Striped_hyena&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Predation on livestock and crops"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Striped_Hyena_-_Dahod,_Gujarat.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Striped_Hyena_-_Dahod%2C_Gujarat.jpg/220px-Striped_Hyena_-_Dahod%2C_Gujarat.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Striped_Hyena_-_Dahod%2C_Gujarat.jpg/330px-Striped_Hyena_-_Dahod%2C_Gujarat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Striped_Hyena_-_Dahod%2C_Gujarat.jpg/440px-Striped_Hyena_-_Dahod%2C_Gujarat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>Striped hyena scavenging on poultry waste in <a href="/wiki/Dahod_district" title="Dahod district">Dahod district</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a>, India.</figcaption></figure> <p>The striped hyena is sometimes implicated in the killing of <a href="/wiki/Livestock" title="Livestock">livestock</a>, particularly <a href="/wiki/Goat" title="Goat">goats</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sheep" title="Sheep">sheep</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dog" title="Dog">dogs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Poultry" title="Poultry">poultry</a>. Larger stock is sometimes reportedly taken, though it is possible that these are cases of scavenging mistaken for actual predation. Although most attacks occur at low densities, a substantial number reputedly occur in Egypt, Ethiopia, India, Iraq, and possibly Morocco. </p><p>In Turkmenistan, striped hyenas kill dogs, while they also kill sheep and other small animals in the Caucasus, and were even reported to have killed <a href="/wiki/Horse" title="Horse">horses</a> and <a href="/wiki/Donkey" title="Donkey">donkeys</a> in Iraq during the mid-twentieth century. Sheep, dogs, horses, and goats are also preyed upon in North Africa, Israel, Iran, Pakistan, and India.<sup id="cite_ref-m23_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m23-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Striped hyenas also cause damage on occasion to <a href="/wiki/Melon" title="Melon">melon</a> fields and to <a href="/wiki/Date_palm" title="Date palm">date palms</a> in <a href="/wiki/Date_(fruit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Date (fruit)">date</a> plantations in Israel and Egypt, and to plantations of <a href="/wiki/Watermelon" title="Watermelon">watermelons</a> and plantations of <a href="/wiki/Honeydew_(melon)" title="Honeydew (melon)">honey melons</a> in Turkmenistan.<sup id="cite_ref-m23_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m23-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Attacks_on_humans_and_grave_desecration">Attacks on humans and grave desecration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Striped_hyena&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Attacks on humans and grave desecration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Striped_hyena_shot.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Striped_hyena_shot.jpg/220px-Striped_hyena_shot.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Striped_hyena_shot.jpg/330px-Striped_hyena_shot.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Striped_hyena_shot.jpg/440px-Striped_hyena_shot.jpg 2x" data-file-width="530" data-file-height="423" /></a><figcaption>Engraving of a striped hyena attacking a man in <i>The Naturalist's Cabinet</i> (1806).</figcaption></figure> <p>In ordinary circumstances, striped hyenas are extremely timid around humans, though they may show bold behaviours toward people at night.<sup id="cite_ref-h36_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h36-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On rare occasions, striped hyenas have preyed on humans. In the 1880s, a hyena was reported to have attacked humans, especially sleeping children, over a three-year period in the <a href="/wiki/Erivan_Governorate" title="Erivan Governorate">Erivan Governorate</a>, with 25 children and 3 adults being wounded in one year. The attacks provoked local authorities into announcing a reward of 100 rubles for every hyena killed. Further attacks were reported later in some parts of Transcaucasia, particularly in 1908. Instances are known in Azerbaijan of striped hyenas killing children sleeping in courtyards during the 1930s and 1940s. In 1942, a guard sleeping in his hut was mauled by a hyena in Golyndzhakh. Cases of children being taken by hyenas by night are known in southeast Turkmenia's <a href="/wiki/Bathyz_Nature_Reserve" class="mw-redirect" title="Bathyz Nature Reserve">Bathyz Nature Reserve</a>. A further attack on a child was reported around <a href="/wiki/Serakhs" class="mw-redirect" title="Serakhs">Serakhs</a> in 1948.<sup id="cite_ref-h46_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h46-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several attacks have occurred in India; in 1962, nine children were thought to have been taken by hyenas in the town of <a href="/wiki/Bhagalpur" title="Bhagalpur">Bhagalpur</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar</a> State in a six-week period<sup id="cite_ref-BOTF_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BOTF-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 19 children up to the age of four were killed by hyenas in <a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar</a> in 1974.<sup id="cite_ref-m25_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m25-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A census on wild animal attacks during a five-year period in the Indian state of <a href="/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh" title="Madhya Pradesh">Madhya Pradesh</a> showed that hyenas had only attacked three people, the lowest figure when compared to deaths caused by <a href="/wiki/Indian_wolf" title="Indian wolf">wolves</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gaur" title="Gaur">gaur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boar" class="mw-redirect" title="Boar">boar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asian_elephant" title="Asian elephant">elephants</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bengal_tiger" title="Bengal tiger">tigers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_leopard" title="Indian leopard">leopards</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sloth_bear" title="Sloth bear">sloth bears</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Attacks_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Attacks-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Though attacks on live humans are rare, striped hyenas will scavenge on human corpses. In Turkey, stones are placed on graves to stop hyenas digging the bodies out. In <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, the Turks imposed <a href="/wiki/Conscription" title="Conscription">conscription</a> (<i>safar barlek</i>) on mount Lebanon; people escaping from the conscription fled north, where many died and were subsequently eaten by hyenas.<sup id="cite_ref-ABI_48-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ABI-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hunting">Hunting</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Striped_hyena&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Hunting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:OudryHyena.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/OudryHyena.jpg/220px-OudryHyena.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/OudryHyena.jpg/330px-OudryHyena.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/OudryHyena.jpg 2x" data-file-width="393" data-file-height="192" /></a><figcaption><i>Hyena</i> (1739) by <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Oudry" title="Jean-Baptiste Oudry">Jean-Baptiste Oudry</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Striped hyenas were hunted by Ancient Egyptian peasants for duty and amusement along with other animals that were a threat to crops and livestock.<sup id="cite_ref-o431_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-o431-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Algerian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Algerian people">Algerian</a> hunters historically considered the killing of striped hyenas as beneath their dignity, due to the animal's reputation for cowardice.<sup id="cite_ref-standard_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-standard-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A similar attitude was held by British sportsmen in <a href="/wiki/British_India" class="mw-redirect" title="British India">British India</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-p72_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p72-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although striped hyenas are capable of quickly killing a dog with a single bite,<sup id="cite_ref-johnson_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-johnson-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> they usually <a href="/wiki/Apparent_death" title="Apparent death">feign death</a> when escape from hunting dogs is impossible, and will remain in this state for long periods, even when badly bitten.<sup id="cite_ref-p73_26-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p73-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On some rare occasions, hyenas were ridden down and speared by men on horseback. Although hyenas were generally not fast enough to outrun horses, they had the habit of doubling and turning frequently during chases, thus ensuring long pursuits. Generally though, hyenas were hunted more as pests than sporting quarries; their scavenging damages skulls, skins and other articles from hunter's camps, which made them unpopular among sportsmen.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>, hyena hunting was not specially organised. Most hyenas were caught incidentally in traps meant for other animals.<sup id="cite_ref-h45_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h45-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some hunters in southern <a href="/wiki/Punjab_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjab region">Punjab</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kandahar" title="Kandahar">Kandahar</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Quetta" title="Quetta">Quetta</a>, catch striped hyenas to use them in <a href="/wiki/Hyena-baiting" title="Hyena-baiting">hyena-baiting</a>. The hyenas are pitted against specially trained dogs, and are restrained with ropes in order to pull them away from the dogs if necessary.<sup id="cite_ref-magic_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-magic-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Kandahar, hunters locally called <i>payloch</i> (naked foot) hunt striped hyenas by entering their dens naked with a noose in hand. When the hyena is cornered at the end of its lair, the hunter murmurs the magic formula "turn into dust, turn into stone," which causes the animal to enter a hypnotic state of total submission, by which point the hunter can slip a noose over its forelegs and, finally, drag it out of the cave.<sup id="cite_ref-magic_12-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-magic-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A similar method was once practised by <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamian</a> <a href="/wiki/Arab_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab people">Arab</a> hunters, who would enter hyena dens and "flatter" the animal, which they believed could understand <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>. The hunter would murmur "You are very nice and pretty and quite like a lion; indeed, you are a lion". The hyena would then allow the hunter to place a noose around its neck and pose no resistance on being dragged out of its lair.<sup id="cite_ref-standard_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-standard-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The fur is coarse and sparse, with the few skins sold by hunters often being marketed as poor quality dog or wolf fur. Hyena skins were however once used in preparing <a href="/wiki/Chamois_leather" title="Chamois leather">chamois leather</a>. The selling price of hyena pelts in the Soviet Union ranged from 45 <a href="/wiki/Ruble" title="Ruble">kopeks</a> to 1 ruble, 80 kopeks.<sup id="cite_ref-h45_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h45-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Striped_hyenas_as_food">Striped hyenas as food</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Striped_hyena&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Striped hyenas as food"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tomb_of_Mereruka,_vizier_of_Teti,_6th_dynasty,_ca._2330_BCE;_Saqqara_(hyenas).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Tomb_of_Mereruka%2C_vizier_of_Teti%2C_6th_dynasty%2C_ca._2330_BCE%3B_Saqqara_%28hyenas%29.jpg/220px-Tomb_of_Mereruka%2C_vizier_of_Teti%2C_6th_dynasty%2C_ca._2330_BCE%3B_Saqqara_%28hyenas%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Tomb_of_Mereruka%2C_vizier_of_Teti%2C_6th_dynasty%2C_ca._2330_BCE%3B_Saqqara_%28hyenas%29.jpg/330px-Tomb_of_Mereruka%2C_vizier_of_Teti%2C_6th_dynasty%2C_ca._2330_BCE%3B_Saqqara_%28hyenas%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Tomb_of_Mereruka%2C_vizier_of_Teti%2C_6th_dynasty%2C_ca._2330_BCE%3B_Saqqara_%28hyenas%29.jpg/440px-Tomb_of_Mereruka%2C_vizier_of_Teti%2C_6th_dynasty%2C_ca._2330_BCE%3B_Saqqara_%28hyenas%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1341" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>Relief of striped hyenas being force-fed at the tomb of <a href="/wiki/Mereruka" title="Mereruka">Mereruka</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A mural depicted on <a href="/wiki/Mereruka" title="Mereruka">Mereruka</a>'s tomb in <a href="/wiki/Sakkara" class="mw-redirect" title="Sakkara">Sakkara</a> indicates that <a href="/wiki/Old_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Kingdom">Old Kingdom</a> Egyptians <a href="/wiki/Force-feeding" title="Force-feeding">forcefed</a> hyenas in order to fatten them up for food,<sup id="cite_ref-o431_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-o431-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though archaeologist Burchard Brentjes argued that the depicted animals represent an extinct population of Egyptian <a href="/wiki/Aardwolf" title="Aardwolf">aardwolves</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> European writers in the 19th and early 20th centuries recorded that striped hyenas were eaten by some Egyptian peasants, Arabian <a href="/wiki/Bedouin" title="Bedouin">Bedouins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian people">Palestinian</a> laborers, <a href="/wiki/Sinai_Peninsula" title="Sinai Peninsula">Sinai</a> Bedouins, <a href="/wiki/Tuareg_people" title="Tuareg people">Tuaregs</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-o431_54-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-o431-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in <a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among some Bedouins of Arabia at the beginning of the 20th century, hyena meat was generally considered medicine, rather than food.<sup id="cite_ref-magic_12-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-magic-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Striped_hyenas_in_folk_magic">Striped hyenas in folk magic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Striped_hyena&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Striped hyenas in folk magic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greeks" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greeks">Ancient Greeks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Romans</a> believed the blood, excrement, rectum, genitalia, eyes, tongue, hair, skin, and fat, as well as the ash of different parts of the striped hyena's body, were effective means to ward off evil and to ensure love and fertility. The Greeks and Romans believed that the genitalia of a hyena "would hold a couple peaceably together" and that a hyena anus worn as an amulet on the upper arm would make its male possessor irresistible to women. In West and South Asia, hyena body parts apparently play an important role in <a href="/wiki/Love_magic" title="Love magic">love magic</a> and in the making of amulets. In Iranian folklore, it is mentioned that a stone found in the hyenas body can serve as a charm of protection for whoever wears it on his upper arm. In the Pakistani province of <a href="/wiki/Sindh" title="Sindh">Sindh</a>, the local Muslims place the tooth of a striped hyena over churns in order not to lose the milk's <i><a href="/wiki/Luck" title="Luck">baraka</a></i>. In Iran, a dried striped hyena pelt is considered a potent charm which forces all to succumb to the possessors attraction. In Afghanistan and Pakistan striped hyena hair is used either in love magic or as a charm in sickness. Hyena blood has been held in high regard in northern India as potent medicine, and the eating of the tongue helps fight <a href="/wiki/Tumor" class="mw-redirect" title="Tumor">tumors</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Khyber</a> area, burned striped hyena <a href="/wiki/Fat" title="Fat">fat</a> is applied to a man's genitals or sometimes taken orally to ensure virility, while in India the fat serves as a cure for <a href="/wiki/Rheumatism" title="Rheumatism">rheumatism</a>. In Afghanistan, some <a href="/wiki/Mullah" title="Mullah">mullahs</a> wear the vulva (<i>kus</i>) of a female striped hyena wrapped in silk under their armpits for a week. If a man peers through the vulva at the woman of his desire, he will invariably get hold of her. This has led to the proverbial expression in <a href="/wiki/Dari_(Persian)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dari (Persian)">Dari</a> of <i>kus-e kaftar bay</i>, as well as in <a href="/wiki/Pashto_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pashto language">Pashto</a> of <i>kus-e kaftar</i> which literally mean "it happens as smoothly as if you would look through the vulva of a female striped hyena". In the <a href="/wiki/Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">North-West Frontier Province</a> and <a href="/wiki/Balochistan_(Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Balochistan (Pakistan)">Baluchistan</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Pakhtun" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakhtun">Pakhtun</a> keep the vulva in <a href="/wiki/Vermilion" title="Vermilion">vermilion</a> powder, itself having aphrodesic connotations. The rectum of a freshly killed striped hyena is likewise used by <a href="/wiki/Homosexual" class="mw-redirect" title="Homosexual">homosexuals</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bisexual" class="mw-redirect" title="Bisexual">bisexuals</a> to attract young men. This has led to the expression "to possess the anus of a [striped] hyena" which denotes somebody who is attractive and has many lovers. A striped hyena's penis kept in a small box filled with vermilion powder can be used for the same reasons.<sup id="cite_ref-magic_12-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-magic-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tameability">Tameability</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Striped_hyena&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Tameability"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Striped_hyena_at_Jungle_Cat_World_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Striped_hyena_at_Jungle_Cat_World_1.jpg/220px-Striped_hyena_at_Jungle_Cat_World_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Striped_hyena_at_Jungle_Cat_World_1.jpg/330px-Striped_hyena_at_Jungle_Cat_World_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Striped_hyena_at_Jungle_Cat_World_1.jpg/440px-Striped_hyena_at_Jungle_Cat_World_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4080" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Tame_animal" title="Tame animal">tame</a> striped hyena.</figcaption></figure> <p>The striped hyena is easily <a href="/wiki/Tame_animal" title="Tame animal">tamed</a> and can be fully <a href="/wiki/Animal_training" title="Animal training">trained</a>, particularly when they are young. Although the Ancient Egyptians did not consider striped hyenas sacred, they did supposedly tame them for use in hunting. When they are raised with a firm hand, they may eventually become affectionate and as amenable as well-trained dogs,<sup id="cite_ref-o431_54-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-o431-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-r351_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-r351-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though they emit a strong odour which no amount of bathing will cover.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although they kill dogs in the wild, striped hyenas raised in captivity can form bonds with them.<sup id="cite_ref-p73_26-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p73-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Striped_hyena&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-iucn-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAbiSaid,_M.Dloniak,_S.M.D.2015" class="citation journal cs1">AbiSaid, M.; Dloniak, S.M.D. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/10274/45195080">"<i>Hyaena hyaena</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN Red List of Threatened Species</a></i>. <b>2015</b>: e.T10274A45195080. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T10274A45195080.en">10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T10274A45195080.en</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IUCN+Red+List+of+Threatened+Species&rft.atitle=Hyaena+hyaena&rft.volume=2015&rft.pages=e.T10274A45195080&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T10274A45195080.en&rft.au=AbiSaid%2C+M.&rft.au=Dloniak%2C+S.M.D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iucnredlist.org%2Fspecies%2F10274%2F45195080&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStriped+hyena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLinnæus1758" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Linnæus, C. (1758). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/80764#page/50/mode/1up"><i>Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I</i></a> (in Latin) (Tenth ed.). Holmiæ (Stockholm): Laurentius Salvius. p. 40. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121108003214/http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/80764#page/50/mode/1up">Archived</a> from the original on 2012-11-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-01-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Systema+natur%C3%A6+per+regna+tria+natur%C3%A6%2C+secundum+classes%2C+ordines%2C+genera%2C+species%2C+cum+characteribus%2C+differentiis%2C+synonymis%2C+locis.+Tomus+I&rft.place=Holmi%C3%A6+%28Stockholm%29&rft.pages=40&rft.edition=Tenth&rft.pub=Laurentius+Salvius&rft.date=1758&rft.aulast=Linn%C3%A6us&rft.aufirst=C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fitem%2F80764%23page%2F50%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStriped+hyena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MSW3-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MSW3_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MSW3_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilsonReeder2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Don_E._Wilson" title="Don E. Wilson">Wilson, D. E.</a>; Reeder, D. M., eds. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?id=14000687">"<i>Hyaena hyaena</i>"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.google.com/books?id=JgAMbNSt8ikC&pg=PA1"><i>Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference</i></a> (3rd ed.). <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University_Press" title="Johns Hopkins University Press">Johns Hopkins University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-8221-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-8221-0"><bdi>978-0-8018-8221-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/62265494">62265494</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Hyaena+hyaena&rft.btitle=Mammal+Species+of+the+World%3A+A+Taxonomic+and+Geographic+Reference&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F62265494&rft.isbn=978-0-8018-8221-0&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.departments.bucknell.edu%2Fbiology%2Fresources%2Fmsw3%2Fbrowse.asp%3Fid%3D14000687&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStriped+hyena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-k66-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-k66_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-k66_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKurtén1968">Kurtén 1968</a>, pp. 66–68</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-r348-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-r348_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-r348_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-r348_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRosevear1974">Rosevear 1974</a>, p. 348</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-h16-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-h16_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-h16_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHeptnerSludskii1992">Heptner & Sludskii 1992</a>, p. 16</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-m22-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-m22_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m22_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m22_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMillsHofer1998">Mills & Hofer 1998</a>, p. 22</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-h46-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-h46_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-h46_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHeptnerSludskii1992">Heptner & Sludskii 1992</a>, p. 46</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-h40-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-h40_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-h40_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-h40_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHeptnerSludskii1992">Heptner & Sludskii 1992</a>, pp. 40–42</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-h36-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-h36_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-h36_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-h36_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHeptnerSludskii1992">Heptner & Sludskii 1992</a>, pp. 36–37</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-p72-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-p72_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-p72_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-p72_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-p72_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPocock1941">Pocock 1941</a>, p. 72</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-magic-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-magic_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-magic_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-magic_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-magic_12-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-magic_12-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-magic_12-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-magic_12-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-magic_12-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrembgen,_J._W.1998" class="citation journal cs1">Frembgen, J. W. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://asianethnology.org/downloads/ae/pdf/a1246.pdf">"The Magicality of the Hyena: Beliefs and Practices in West and South Asia"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Asian Folklore Studies</i>. <b>57</b> (2): 331–344. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1178757">10.2307/1178757</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1178757">1178757</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210921163352/https://asianethnology.org/downloads/ae/pdf/a1246.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2021-09-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-11-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Asian+Folklore+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Magicality+of+the+Hyena%3A+Beliefs+and+Practices+in+West+and+South+Asia&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=331-344&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1178757&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1178757%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.au=Frembgen%2C+J.+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fasianethnology.org%2Fdownloads%2Fae%2Fpdf%2Fa1246.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStriped+hyena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BOTF-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BOTF_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BOTF_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BOTF_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBright,_Michael2006" class="citation book cs1">Bright, Michael (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/beastsoffieldrev0000brig/page/127"><i>Beasts of the Field: The Revealing Natural History of Animals in the Bible</i></a>. Pavilion Books. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/beastsoffieldrev0000brig/page/127">127–129</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-86105-831-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-86105-831-4"><bdi>1-86105-831-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Beasts+of+the+Field%3A+The+Revealing+Natural+History+of+Animals+in+the+Bible&rft.pages=127-129&rft.pub=Pavilion+Books&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=1-86105-831-4&rft.au=Bright%2C+Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbeastsoffieldrev0000brig%2Fpage%2F127&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStriped+hyena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Αριστοτέλης 4th century BCE: Των περί τα ζώα ιστοριών.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-is-the-national-animal-of-lebanon.html">"What is the National Animal of Lebanon?"</a>. <i>WorldAtlas</i>. 20 August 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200318041744/https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-is-the-national-animal-of-lebanon.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-03-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-03-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WorldAtlas&rft.atitle=What+is+the+National+Animal+of+Lebanon%3F&rft.date=2018-08-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldatlas.com%2Farticles%2Fwhat-is-the-national-animal-of-lebanon.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStriped+hyena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-h11-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-h11_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-h11_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-h11_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHeptnerSludskii1992">Heptner & Sludskii 1992</a>, pp. 11–14</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wagner, Aaron Parker. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1/2485/WagnerA0506.pdf?sequence=1&sa=U&ei=TkBQU9mhMarOygPXmILwAw&ved=0CEQQFjAI&usg=AFQjCNFclCGZG5nDY8_cHYctTP0YZf1Jhg&sa=U&ei=BEhsU6eLMtKysAT-z4HYDw&ved=0CCoQFjAD&usg=AFQjCNEVMW5KputRdDnMToT65jPDYxTg7g">Behavioral ecology of the striped hyena (Hyaena hyaena)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210927045638/https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1/2485/WagnerA0506.pdf?sequence=1&sa=U&ei=TkBQU9mhMarOygPXmILwAw&ved=0CEQQFjAI&usg=AFQjCNFclCGZG5nDY8_cHYctTP0YZf1Jhg&sa=U&ei=BEhsU6eLMtKysAT-z4HYDw&ved=0CCoQFjAD&usg=AFQjCNEVMW5KputRdDnMToT65jPDYxTg7g">Archived</a> 2021-09-27 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Diss. Montana State University-Bozeman, College of Letters & Science, 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-h8-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-h8_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHeptnerSludskii1992">Heptner & Sludskii 1992</a>, p. 8</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-p67-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-p67_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPocock1941">Pocock 1941</a>, p. 67</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-m21-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-m21_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m21_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMillsHofer1998">Mills & Hofer 1998</a>, p. 21</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sandiegozoo.org/animalbytes/t-striped_hyena.html">Mammals: Striped Hyena</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121130131612/http://www.sandiegozoo.org/animalbytes/t-striped_hyena.html">Archived</a> 2012-11-30 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. San Diego Zoo</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Boitani, Luigi, <i>Simon & Schuster's Guide to Mammals</i>. Simon & Schuster/Touchstone Books (1984), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-671-42805-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-671-42805-1">978-0-671-42805-1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Awad, Simon (February 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thisweekinpalestine.com/details.php?id=2384&ed=150&edid=150">Myths and Facts about Hyenas</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140301222009/http://www.thisweekinpalestine.com/details.php?id=2384&ed=150&edid=150">Archived</a> 2014-03-01 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. thisweekinpalestine.com #118</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-p62-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-p62_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPocock1941">Pocock 1941</a>, pp. 62–63</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-h38-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-h38_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHeptnerSludskii1992">Heptner & Sludskii 1992</a>, p. 38</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-p73-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-p73_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-p73_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-p73_26-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-p73_26-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-p73_26-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPocock1941">Pocock 1941</a>, p. 73</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-h14-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-h14_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHeptnerSludskii1992">Heptner & Sludskii 1992</a>, p. 14</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-o427-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-o427_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOsbornHelmy1980">Osborn & Helmy 1980</a>, p. 427</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-m24-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-m24_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m24_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m24_29-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m24_29-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMillsHofer1998">Mills & Hofer 1998</a>, pp. 24–25</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-r350-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-r350_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRosevear1974">Rosevear 1974</a>, p. 350</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-h33-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-h33_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-h33_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHeptnerSludskii1992">Heptner & Sludskii 1992</a>, pp. 33–36</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-h31-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-h31_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-h31_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-h31_32-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHeptnerSludskii1992">Heptner & Sludskii 1992</a>, pp. 31–33</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-r349-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-r349_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-r349_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRosevear1974">Rosevear 1974</a>, p. 349</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-h39-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-h39_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHeptnerSludskii1992">Heptner & Sludskii 1992</a>, p. 39</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-johnson-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-johnson_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-johnson_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Johnson_(surgeon)" title="Daniel Johnson (surgeon)">Daniel Johnson</a> (1827) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/sketchesofindian00johnrich#page/46/mode/2up/search/hyena">Sketches of Indian Field Sports: With Observations on the Animals; Also an Account of Some of the Customs of the Inhabitants; with a Description of the Art of Catching Serpents, as Practised by the Conjoors and Their Method of Curing Themselves when Bitten: with Remarks on Hydrophobia and Rabid Animals</a></i> p. 45-46, R. Jennings, 1827</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHogenboom2016" class="citation web cs1">Hogenboom, Melissa (2016-03-26). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20160324-the-hyena-that-lives-with-wolves">"Earth – The hyena that made its home in a wolf pack"</a>. BBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161227175409/http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20160324-the-hyena-that-lives-with-wolves">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-12-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-01-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Earth+%E2%80%93+The+hyena+that+made+its+home+in+a+wolf+pack&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=2016-03-26&rft.aulast=Hogenboom&rft.aufirst=Melissa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fearth%2Fstory%2F20160324-the-hyena-that-lives-with-wolves&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStriped+hyena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fox-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-fox_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Macdonald, David (1987) <i>Running with the Fox</i>, p.77-79, Guild Publishing, London, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8160-1886-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-8160-1886-3">0-8160-1886-3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Singh2011-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Singh2011_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingh,_H._S.Gibson,_L.2011" class="citation journal cs1">Singh, H. S.; Gibson, L. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dbs.nus.edu.sg/lab/cons-lab/documents/Singh_Gibson_Biol_Cons_2011.pdf">"A conservation success story in the otherwise dire megafauna extinction crisis: The Asiatic lion (<i>Panthera leo persica</i>) of Gir forest"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Biological Conservation</i>. <b>144</b> (5): 1753–1757. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011BCons.144.1753S">2011BCons.144.1753S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.biocon.2011.02.009">10.1016/j.biocon.2011.02.009</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170808105532/http://www.dbs.nus.edu.sg/lab/cons-lab/documents/Singh_Gibson_Biol_Cons_2011.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2017-08-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-07-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biological+Conservation&rft.atitle=A+conservation+success+story+in+the+otherwise+dire+megafauna+extinction+crisis%3A+The+Asiatic+lion+%28Panthera+leo+persica%29+of+Gir+forest&rft.volume=144&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=1753-1757&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.biocon.2011.02.009&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2011BCons.144.1753S&rft.au=Singh%2C+H.+S.&rft.au=Gibson%2C+L.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dbs.nus.edu.sg%2Flab%2Fcons-lab%2Fdocuments%2FSingh_Gibson_Biol_Cons_2011.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStriped+hyena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BalaramAmbaji2016-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BalaramAmbaji2016_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160120214309/http://gujenvfor.gswan.gov.in/wildlife/national-park/wildlife-balaram.htm">"Balaram Ambaji Wild Life Sanctuary"</a>. Forests & Environment Department. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gujenvfor.gswan.gov.in/wildlife/national-park/wildlife-balaram.htm">the original</a> on 20 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Balaram+Ambaji+Wild+Life+Sanctuary&rft.pub=Forests+%26+Environment+Department&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgujenvfor.gswan.gov.in%2Fwildlife%2Fnational-park%2Fwildlife-balaram.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStriped+hyena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-m44-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-m44_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMillsHofer1998">Mills & Hofer 1998</a>, p. 44</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-m67-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-m67_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m67_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m67_41-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m67_41-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m67_41-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m67_41-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m67_41-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m67_41-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m67_41-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m67_41-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m67_41-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m67_41-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m67_41-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m67_41-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m67_41-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m67_41-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m67_41-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m67_41-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m67_41-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m67_41-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m67_41-20"><sup><i><b>u</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m67_41-21"><sup><i><b>v</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m67_41-22"><sup><i><b>w</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m67_41-23"><sup><i><b>x</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m67_41-24"><sup><i><b>y</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m67_41-25"><sup><i><b>z</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m67_41-26"><sup><i><b>aa</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m67_41-27"><sup><i><b>ab</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m67_41-28"><sup><i><b>ac</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m67_41-29"><sup><i><b>ad</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m67_41-30"><sup><i><b>ae</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m67_41-31"><sup><i><b>af</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m67_41-32"><sup><i><b>ag</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m67_41-33"><sup><i><b>ah</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m67_41-34"><sup><i><b>ai</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m67_41-35"><sup><i><b>aj</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m67_41-36"><sup><i><b>ak</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m67_41-37"><sup><i><b>al</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMillsHofer1998">Mills & Hofer 1998</a>, p. 67</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-m68-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-m68_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m68_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m68_42-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m68_42-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m68_42-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m68_42-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m68_42-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m68_42-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m68_42-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m68_42-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m68_42-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m68_42-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m68_42-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m68_42-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m68_42-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m68_42-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m68_42-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m68_42-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m68_42-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m68_42-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m68_42-20"><sup><i><b>u</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m68_42-21"><sup><i><b>v</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m68_42-22"><sup><i><b>w</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m68_42-23"><sup><i><b>x</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m68_42-24"><sup><i><b>y</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m68_42-25"><sup><i><b>z</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m68_42-26"><sup><i><b>aa</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m68_42-27"><sup><i><b>ab</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m68_42-28"><sup><i><b>ac</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m68_42-29"><sup><i><b>ad</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m68_42-30"><sup><i><b>ae</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m68_42-31"><sup><i><b>af</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m68_42-32"><sup><i><b>ag</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m68_42-33"><sup><i><b>ah</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m68_42-34"><sup><i><b>ai</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m68_42-35"><sup><i><b>aj</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m68_42-36"><sup><i><b>ak</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m68_42-37"><sup><i><b>al</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m68_42-38"><sup><i><b>am</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m68_42-39"><sup><i><b>an</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m68_42-40"><sup><i><b>ao</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m68_42-41"><sup><i><b>ap</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m68_42-42"><sup><i><b>aq</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m68_42-43"><sup><i><b>ar</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m68_42-44"><sup><i><b>as</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m68_42-45"><sup><i><b>at</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m68_42-46"><sup><i><b>au</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m68_42-47"><sup><i><b>av</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m68_42-48"><sup><i><b>aw</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m68_42-49"><sup><i><b>ax</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m68_42-50"><sup><i><b>ay</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m68_42-51"><sup><i><b>az</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m68_42-52"><sup><i><b>ba</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m68_42-53"><sup><i><b>bb</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m68_42-54"><sup><i><b>bc</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m68_42-55"><sup><i><b>bd</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m68_42-56"><sup><i><b>be</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m68_42-57"><sup><i><b>bf</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m68_42-58"><sup><i><b>bg</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMillsHofer1998">Mills & Hofer 1998</a>, pp. 68–71</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php">"Appendices"</a>. <i>CITES</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CITES&rft.atitle=Appendices&rft.date=2023-05-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcites.org%2Feng%2Fapp%2Fappendices.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStriped+hyena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-iberianature.com-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-iberianature.com_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://iberianature.com/wildworld/guides/wildlife-and-nature-of-turkey/striped-hyena-in-turkey/">Striped hyena in Turkey</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110608075433/http://iberianature.com/wildworld/guides/wildlife-and-nature-of-turkey/striped-hyena-in-turkey/">Archived</a> 2011-06-08 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Iberianature.com. Retrieved on 2013-03-21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lcie.org-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lcie.org_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ö. Emre Can, Yıldıray Lise <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lcie.org/Docs/Regions/Turkey/EMRE_striped_hyaena_note.pdf">Striped hyena (<i>Hyaena hyaena</i>) trapped in Hatay, Turkey</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120424225954/http://www.lcie.org/Docs/Regions/Turkey/EMRE_striped_hyaena_note.pdf">Archived</a> 2012-04-24 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. WWF Turkey</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kasparek-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-kasparek_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKasparekKasparekGözcelioğluÇolak2004" class="citation journal cs1">Kasparek, Max; Kasparek, Aygün; Gözcelioğlu, Bülent; Çolak, Ercüment; Yiğit, Nuri (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kasparek-verlag.de/PDFs/Striped%20Hyena%20Turkey.pdf">"On the status and distribution of the Striped Hyaena, Hyaena hyaena, in Turkey"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Zoology in the Middle East</i>. <b>33</b>: 93. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F09397140.2004.10638068">10.1080/09397140.2004.10638068</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:84975624">84975624</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120424225954/http://www.kasparek-verlag.de/PDFs/Striped%20Hyena%20Turkey.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2012-04-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-09-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zoology+in+the+Middle+East&rft.atitle=On+the+status+and+distribution+of+the+Striped+Hyaena%2C+Hyaena+hyaena%2C+in+Turkey&rft.volume=33&rft.pages=93&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F09397140.2004.10638068&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A84975624%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Kasparek&rft.aufirst=Max&rft.au=Kasparek%2C+Ayg%C3%BCn&rft.au=G%C3%B6zcelio%C4%9Flu%2C+B%C3%BClent&rft.au=%C3%87olak%2C+Erc%C3%BCment&rft.au=Yi%C4%9Fit%2C+Nuri&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kasparek-verlag.de%2FPDFs%2FStriped%2520Hyena%2520Turkey.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStriped+hyena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Özgün Emre Can (October 2004) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tigerforum.de/attachments/00000000001/lciTurkey.pdf">Status, Conservation and Management of Large Carnivores in Turkey</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303220832/http://www.tigerforum.de/attachments/00000000001/lciTurkey.pdf">Archived</a> 2016-03-03 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, WWF-Turkey, p. 11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ABI-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ABI_48-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ABI_48-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ABI_48-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ABI_48-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbi-Said2006" class="citation thesis cs1">Abi-Said, Mounir R. 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Paddington Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/werewolfdelusion0000wood/page/150">150</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-448-23170-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-448-23170-0"><bdi>0-448-23170-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Werewolf+Delusion&rft.pages=150&rft.pub=Paddington+Press&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=0-448-23170-0&rft.aulast=Woodward&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwerewolfdelusion0000wood&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStriped+hyena" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gnosis.org/naghamm/apocjn.html">The Apocryphon of John</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130211013408/http://gnosis.org/naghamm/apocjn.html">Archived</a> 2013-02-11 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. 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Mervyn (1904), <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sportadventurein00smitrich">Sport and adventure in the Indian jungle</a></i>, p. 292, London : Hurst and Blackett</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Striped_hyena&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeptnerSludskii1992" class="citation book cs1">Heptner, V. G.; Sludskii, A. A. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mammalsofsov221992gept"><i>Mammals of the Soviet Union: Carnivora (hyaenas and cats), Volume 2</i></a>. Smithsonian Institution Libraries and National Science Foundation.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mammals+of+the+Soviet+Union%3A+Carnivora+%28hyaenas+and+cats%29%2C+Volume+2&rft.pub=Smithsonian+Institution+Libraries+and+National+Science+Foundation&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=Heptner&rft.aufirst=V.+G.&rft.au=Sludskii%2C+A.+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmammalsofsov221992gept&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStriped+hyena" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKurtén1968" class="citation book cs1">Kurtén, Björn (1968). <i>Pleistocene mammals of Europe</i>. 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J.; Helmy, I. (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/contemporaryland05osbo"><i>The contemporary land mammals of Egypt (including Sinai)</i></a>. Field Museum of Natural History.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+contemporary+land+mammals+of+Egypt+%28including+Sinai%29&rft.pub=Field+Museum+of+Natural+History&rft.date=1980&rft.aulast=Osborn&rft.aufirst=D..+J.&rft.au=Helmy%2C+I.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcontemporaryland05osbo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStriped+hyena" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPocock1941" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Pocock, R. I. (1941). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/PocockMammalia2"><i>The Fauna of British India</i></a>. Vol. 2 Mammals. London: Taylor and Francis.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Fauna+of+British+India&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Taylor+and+Francis&rft.date=1941&rft.aulast=Pocock&rft.aufirst=R.+I.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FPocockMammalia2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStriped+hyena" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosevear1974" class="citation book cs1">Rosevear, D. R. (1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/carnivoresofwest00rose"><i>The carnivores of West Africa</i></a>. London: Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-565-00723-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-565-00723-8"><bdi>0-565-00723-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+carnivores+of+West+Africa&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Trustees+of+the+British+Museum+%28Natural+History%29&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=0-565-00723-8&rft.aulast=Rosevear&rft.aufirst=D.+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcarnivoresofwest00rose&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AStriped+hyena" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Striped_hyena&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikispecies-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/14px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/20px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/27px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103" /></a></span> Data related to <a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Hyaena_hyaena" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Hyaena hyaena">Hyaena hyaena</a> at Wikispecies</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Hyaena_hyaena" class="extiw" title="commons:Hyaena hyaena">Hyaena hyaena</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li>Anderson, Steven C. (2004), <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/hyena">Hyaena hyaena</a></i> entry on <a href="/wiki/Encyclopaedia_Iranica" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopaedia Iranica">Encyclopaedia Iranica</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.science.smith.edu/departments/Biology/VHAYSSEN/msi/pdf/i0076-3519-150-01-0001.pdf">Rieger, Ingo (1981) <i>Hyaena hyaena</i>, Mammalian Species, No. 150, pp.1–5, 3 figs. American Society of Mammalogists</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170415002758/http://www.feelthewild.com/galleries/mammals-photography/striped-hyena/">Striped Hyena Pictures</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output 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<a href="/wiki/Carnivora" title="Carnivora">Carnivora</a> species</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a></li> <li>Phylum: <a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a></li> <li>Class: <a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">Mammalia</a></li> <li>Infraclass: <a href="/wiki/Eutheria" title="Eutheria">Eutheria</a></li> <li>Superorder: <a href="/wiki/Laurasiatheria" title="Laurasiatheria">Laurasiatheria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Feliformia_(&quot;cat-like&quot;_carnivorans)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Feliformia" title="Feliformia">Feliformia <span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">("cat-like" carnivorans)</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Feliformia" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg)"><a href="/wiki/Feliformia" title="Feliformia">Feliformia</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_palm_civet" title="African palm civet">African palm civet (<i>Nandinia binotata</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Feloidea" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg)"><a href="/wiki/Feliformia" title="Feliformia">Feloidea</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Prionodon_(Asiatic_linsangs)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Asiatic_linsang" title="Asiatic linsang">Prionodon</a></i> <small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(Asiatic linsangs)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banded_linsang" title="Banded linsang">Banded linsang (<i>P. linsang</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spotted_linsang" title="Spotted linsang">Spotted linsang (<i>P. pardicolor</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Felidae_(cats)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg)"><a href="/wiki/Felidae" title="Felidae">Felidae</a> <small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(cats)</span></small></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Pantherinae" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pantherinae" title="Pantherinae">Pantherinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Neofelis" title="Neofelis">Neofelis</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sunda_clouded_leopard" title="Sunda clouded leopard">Sunda clouded leopard (<i>N. diardi</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clouded_leopard" title="Clouded leopard">Clouded leopard (<i>N. nebulosa</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Panthera" title="Panthera">Panthera</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Snow_leopard" title="Snow leopard">Snow leopard (<i>P. uncia</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiger" title="Tiger">Tiger (<i>P. tigris</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaguar" title="Jaguar">Jaguar (<i>P. onca</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lion" title="Lion">Lion (<i>P. leo</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopard" title="Leopard">Leopard (<i>P. pardus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg)"><a href="/wiki/Felinae" title="Felinae">Felinae</a> <span style="font-weight:normal"><i>sensu stricto</i></span></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;">Bay cat<br />lineage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Pardofelis" title="Pardofelis">Pardofelis</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marbled_cat" title="Marbled cat">Marbled cat (<i>P. marmorata</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Catopuma" title="Catopuma">Catopuma</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bay_cat" title="Bay cat">Bay cat (<i>C. badia</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_golden_cat" title="Asian golden cat">Asian golden cat (<i>C. temminckii</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;">Caracal<br />lineage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Serval" title="Serval">Serval (<i>Leptailurus serval</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Caracal_(genus)" title="Caracal (genus)">Caracal</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_golden_cat" title="African golden cat">African golden cat (<i>C. aurata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caracal" title="Caracal">Caracal (<i>C. caracal</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Leopardus" title="Leopardus">Leopardus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pampas_cat" title="Pampas cat">Pampas cat (<i>L. colocola</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffroy%27s_cat" title="Geoffroy's cat">Geoffroy's cat (<i>L. geoffroyi</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodkod" title="Kodkod">Kodkod (<i>L. guigna</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopardus_guttulus" title="Leopardus guttulus">Southern tiger cat (<i>L. guttulus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andean_mountain_cat" title="Andean mountain cat">Andean mountain cat (<i>L. jacobita</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocelot" title="Ocelot">Ocelot (<i>L. pardalis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oncilla" title="Oncilla">Oncilla (<i>L. tigrinus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margay" title="Margay">Margay (<i>L. wiedii</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Lynx" title="Lynx">Lynx</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canada_lynx" title="Canada lynx">Canada lynx (<i>L. canadensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasian_lynx" title="Eurasian lynx">Eurasian lynx (<i>L. lynx</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iberian_lynx" title="Iberian lynx">Iberian lynx (<i>L. pardinus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobcat" title="Bobcat">Bobcat (<i>L. rufus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;">Puma<br />lineage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Acinonyx" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Acinonyx" title="Acinonyx">Acinonyx</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cheetah" title="Cheetah">Cheetah (<i>A. jubatus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jaguarundi" title="Jaguarundi">Jaguarundi (<i>Herpailurus yagouaroundi</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Puma_(genus)" title="Puma (genus)">Puma</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cougar" title="Cougar">Cougar (<i>P. concolor</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;">Leopard cat<br />lineage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pallas%27s_cat" title="Pallas's cat">Pallas's cat (<i>Otocolobus manul</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Prionailurus" title="Prionailurus">Prionailurus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leopard_cat" title="Leopard cat">Leopard cat (<i>P. bengalensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunda_leopard_cat" title="Sunda leopard cat">Sunda leopard cat (<i>P. javanensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat-headed_cat" title="Flat-headed cat">Flat-headed cat (<i>P. planiceps</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rusty-spotted_cat" title="Rusty-spotted cat">Rusty-spotted cat (<i>P. rubiginosus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_cat" title="Fishing cat">Fishing cat (<i>P. viverrinus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Felis" title="Felis">Felis</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_mountain_cat" title="Chinese mountain cat">Chinese mountain cat (<i>F. bieti</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat" title="Cat">Domestic cat (<i>F. catus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jungle_cat" title="Jungle cat">Jungle cat (<i>F. chaus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_wildcat" title="African wildcat">African wildcat (<i>F. lybica</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sand_cat" title="Sand cat">Sand cat (<i>F. margarita</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black-footed_cat" title="Black-footed cat">Black-footed cat (<i>F. nigripes</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_wildcat" title="European wildcat">European wildcat (<i>F. silvestris</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Viverroidea" title="Viverroidea">Viverroidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see below↓</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Viverroidea" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Viverroidea" title="Viverroidea">Viverroidea</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Viverridae" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg)"><a href="/wiki/Viverridae" title="Viverridae">Viverridae</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hemigalinae" title="Hemigalinae">Hemigalinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Owston%27s_palm_civet" title="Owston's palm civet">Owston's palm civet (<i>Chrotogale owstoni</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otter_civet" title="Otter civet">Otter civet (<i>Cynogale bennettii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hose%27s_palm_civet" title="Hose's palm civet">Hose's palm civet (<i>Diplogale hosei</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banded_palm_civet" title="Banded palm civet">Banded palm civet (<i>Hemigalus derbyanus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Paradoxurinae" title="Paradoxurinae">Paradoxurinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Binturong" title="Binturong">Binturong (<i>Arctictis binturong</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small-toothed_palm_civet" title="Small-toothed palm civet">Small-toothed palm civet (<i>Arctogalidia trivirgata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulawesi_palm_civet" title="Sulawesi palm civet">Sulawesi palm civet (<i>Macrogalidia musschenbroekii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masked_palm_civet" title="Masked palm civet">Masked palm civet (<i>Paguma larvata</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Paradoxurus" title="Paradoxurus">Paradoxurus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asian_palm_civet" title="Asian palm civet">Asian palm civet (<i>P. hermaphroditus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_palm_civet" title="Brown palm civet">Brown palm civet (<i>P. jerdoni</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_palm_civet" title="Golden palm civet">Golden palm civet (<i>P. zeylonensis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Viverrinae_sensu_lato" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1em;;line-height:1.0em;"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg)"><br /><a href="/wiki/Viverrinae" title="Viverrinae">Viverrinae</a> <br /><span style="font-weight:normal"><i>sensu lato</i></span></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Viverrinae" title="Viverrinae">Viverrinae</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal"><i>sensu stricto</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Small_Indian_civet" title="Small Indian civet">Small Indian civet (<i>Viverricula indica</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_civet" title="African civet">African civet (<i>Civettictis civetta</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Viverra" title="Viverra">Viverra</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malabar_large-spotted_civet" title="Malabar large-spotted civet">Malabar large-spotted civet (<i>V. civettina</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Large-spotted_civet" title="Large-spotted civet">Large-spotted civet (<i>V. megaspila</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayan_civet" title="Malayan civet">Malayan civet (<i>V. tangalunga</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Large_Indian_civet" title="Large Indian civet">Large Indian civet (<i>V. zibetha</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Genettinae" title="Genettinae">Genettinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Poiana_(genus)" title="Poiana (genus)">Poiana</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(African linsangs)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_oyan" title="Central African oyan">Central African oyan (<i>P. richardsonii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_African_oyan" title="West African oyan">West African oyan (<i>P. leightoni</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Genet_(animal)" title="Genet (animal)">Genetta</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(genets)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abyssinian_genet" title="Abyssinian genet">Abyssinian genet (<i>G. abyssinica</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angolan_genet" title="Angolan genet">Angolan genet (<i>G. angolensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourlon%27s_genet" title="Bourlon's genet">Bourlon's genet (<i>G. bourloni</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crested_servaline_genet" title="Crested servaline genet">Crested servaline genet (<i>G. cristata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_genet" title="Common genet">Common genet (<i>G. genetta</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnston%27s_genet" title="Johnston's genet">Johnston's genet (<i>G. johnstoni</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letaba_genet" title="Letaba genet">Letaba genet (<i>G. letabae</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rusty-spotted_genet" title="Rusty-spotted genet">Rusty-spotted genet (<i>G. maculata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pardine_genet" title="Pardine genet">Pardine genet (<i>G. pardina</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquatic_genet" title="Aquatic genet">Aquatic genet (<i>G. piscivora</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_genet" title="King genet">King genet (<i>G. poensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Servaline_genet" title="Servaline genet">Servaline genet (<i>G. servalina</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hausa_genet" title="Hausa genet">Hausa genet (<i>G. thierryi</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_genet" title="Cape genet">Cape genet (<i>G. tigrina</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giant_forest_genet" title="Giant forest genet">Giant forest genet (<i>G. victoriae</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_small-spotted_genet" title="South African small-spotted genet">South African small-spotted genet (<i>G. felina</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Herpestoidea" title="Herpestoidea">Herpestoidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see below↓</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Herpestoidea" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Herpestoidea" title="Herpestoidea">Herpestoidea</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Hyaenidae(hyenas)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Hyena" title="Hyena">Hyaenidae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(hyenas)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Proteles" title="Proteles">Proteles</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aardwolf" title="Aardwolf">Aardwolf (<i>P. cristata</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Hyaeninae" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyaeninae">Hyaeninae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(bone-crushing hyenas)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Striped hyena (<i>Hyaena hyaena</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_hyena" title="Brown hyena">Brown hyena (<i>Parahyaena brunnea</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Crocuta" title="Crocuta">Crocuta</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spotted_hyena" title="Spotted hyena">Spotted hyena (<i>C. crocuta</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg)"><a href="/wiki/Mongoose" title="Mongoose">Herpestidae</a> <span style="font-weight:normal"><i>sensu lato</i></span></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1em;;line-height:1.0em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Eupleridae" title="Eupleridae">Eupleridae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(Malagasy<br />carnivorans)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.7em"><a href="/wiki/Euplerinae" title="Euplerinae">Euplerinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fossa_(animal)" title="Fossa (animal)">Fossa (<i>Cryptoprocta ferox</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malagasy_civet" title="Malagasy civet">Malagasy civet (<i>Fossa fossana</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Eupleres" title="Eupleres">Eupleres</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_falanouc" title="Eastern falanouc">Eastern falanouc (<i>E. goudotii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_falanouc" title="Western falanouc">Western falanouc (<i>E. major</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.7em"><a href="/wiki/Galidiinae" title="Galidiinae">Galidiinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ring-tailed_vontsira" title="Ring-tailed vontsira">Ring-tailed vontsira (<i>Galidia elegans</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Galidictis" title="Galidictis">Galidictis</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Broad-striped_Malagasy_mongoose" title="Broad-striped Malagasy mongoose">Broad-striped Malagasy mongoose (<i>G. fasciata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grandidier%27s_mongoose" title="Grandidier's mongoose">Grandidier's mongoose (<i>G. grandidieri</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Narrow-striped_mongoose" title="Narrow-striped mongoose">Narrow-striped mongoose (<i>Mungotictis decemlineata</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Salanoia" title="Salanoia">Salanoia</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brown-tailed_mongoose" title="Brown-tailed mongoose">Brown-tailed mongoose (<i>S. concolor</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durrell%27s_vontsira" title="Durrell's vontsira">Durrell's vontsira (<i>S. durrelli</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1em;;line-height:1.0em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Mongoose" title="Mongoose">Herpestidae</a> <span style="font-weight:normal"><br /><i>sensu stricto</i></span><br /><small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(mongooses)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mongoose#Taxonomy" title="Mongoose">Mungotinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Suricata" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Suricata" title="Suricata">Suricata</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meerkat" title="Meerkat">Meerkat (<i>S. suricatta</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberian_mongoose" title="Liberian mongoose">Liberian mongoose (<i>Liberiictus kuhni</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Mungos" title="Mungos">Mungos</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gambian_mongoose" title="Gambian mongoose">Gambian mongoose (<i>M. gambianus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banded_mongoose" title="Banded mongoose">Banded mongoose (<i>M. mungo</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pousargues%27s_mongoose" title="Pousargues's mongoose">Pousargues's mongoose (<i>Dologale dybowskii</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Helogale" title="Helogale">Helogale</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_dwarf_mongoose" title="Ethiopian dwarf mongoose">Ethiopian dwarf mongoose (<i>H. hirtula</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_dwarf_mongoose" title="Common dwarf mongoose">Common dwarf mongoose (<i>H. parvula</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Crossarchus" title="Crossarchus">Crossarchus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander%27s_kusimanse" title="Alexander's kusimanse">Alexander's kusimanse (<i>C. alexandri</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angolan_kusimanse" title="Angolan kusimanse">Angolan kusimanse (<i>C. ansorgei</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_kusimanse" title="Common kusimanse">Common kusimanse (<i>C. obscurus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat-headed_kusimanse" title="Flat-headed kusimanse">Flat-headed kusimanse (<i>C. platycephalus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mongoose#Taxonomy" title="Mongoose">Herpestinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marsh_mongoose" title="Marsh mongoose">Marsh mongoose (<i>Atilax paludinosus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long-nosed_mongoose" title="Long-nosed mongoose">Long-nosed mongoose (<i>Xenogale naso</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Urva_(genus)" title="Urva (genus)">Urva</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Small_Indian_mongoose" title="Small Indian mongoose">Small Indian mongoose (<i>U. auropunctata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short-tailed_mongoose" title="Short-tailed mongoose">Short-tailed mongoose (<i>U. brachyura</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_grey_mongoose" title="Indian grey mongoose">Indian grey mongoose (<i>U. edwardsii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_brown_mongoose" title="Indian brown mongoose">Indian brown mongoose (<i>U. fusca</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javan_mongoose" title="Javan mongoose">Javan mongoose (<i>U. javanica</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collared_mongoose" title="Collared mongoose">Collared mongoose (<i>U. semitorquata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruddy_mongoose" title="Ruddy mongoose">Ruddy mongoose (<i>U. smithii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crab-eating_mongoose" title="Crab-eating mongoose">Crab-eating mongoose (<i>U. urva</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stripe-necked_mongoose" title="Stripe-necked mongoose">Stripe-necked mongoose (<i>U. vitticolla</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White-tailed_mongoose" title="White-tailed mongoose">White-tailed mongoose (<i>Ichneumia albicauda</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_mongoose" title="Yellow mongoose">Yellow mongoose (<i>Cynictis penicillata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selous%27s_mongoose" title="Selous's mongoose">Selous's mongoose (<i>Paracynictis selousi</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meller%27s_mongoose" title="Meller's mongoose">Meller's mongoose (<i>Rhynchogale melleri</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Bdeogale" title="Bdeogale">Bdeogale</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bushy-tailed_mongoose" title="Bushy-tailed mongoose">Bushy-tailed mongoose (<i>B. crassicauda</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackson%27s_mongoose" title="Jackson's mongoose">Jackson's mongoose (<i>B. jacksoni</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black-footed_mongoose" title="Black-footed mongoose">Black-footed mongoose (<i>B. nigripes</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Herpestes" title="Herpestes">Herpestes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angolan_slender_mongoose" title="Angolan slender mongoose">Angolan slender mongoose (<i>H. flavescens</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_mongoose" title="Egyptian mongoose">Egyptian mongoose (<i>H. ichneumon</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somalian_slender_mongoose" title="Somalian slender mongoose">Somalian slender mongoose (<i>H. ochracea</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_gray_mongoose" title="Cape gray mongoose">Cape gray mongoose (<i>H. pulverulenta</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_slender_mongoose" title="Common slender mongoose">Common slender mongoose (<i>H. sanguinea</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Caniformia_(&quot;dog-like&quot;_carnivorans)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Caniformia" title="Caniformia">Caniformia <span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">("dog-like" carnivorans)</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Canidae_(dogs)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg)"><a href="/wiki/Canidae" title="Canidae">Canidae</a> <small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(dogs)</span></small></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.63em;line-height:1em"><i><a href="/wiki/Urocyon" title="Urocyon">Urocyon</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gray_fox" title="Gray fox">Gray fox (<i>U. cinereoargenteus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Island_fox" title="Island fox">Island fox (<i>U. littoralis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.63em;line-height:1em"><a href="/wiki/Vulpini" title="Vulpini">Vulpini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bat-eared_fox" title="Bat-eared fox">Bat-eared fox (<i>Otocyon megalotis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.66em;line-height:1em"><i><a href="/wiki/Nyctereutes" title="Nyctereutes">Nyctereutes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Common_raccoon_dog" title="Common raccoon dog">Common raccoon dog (<i>N. procyonoides</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_raccoon_dog" title="Japanese raccoon dog">Japanese raccoon dog (<i>N. viverrinus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.66em;line-height:1em"><i><a href="/wiki/Vulpes" title="Vulpes">Vulpes</a></i><br /><small><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Fox" title="Fox">foxes</a>)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_fox" title="Bengal fox">Bengal fox (<i>V. bengalensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanford%27s_fox" title="Blanford's fox">Blanford's fox (<i>V. cana</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_fox" title="Cape fox">Cape fox (<i>V. chama</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corsac_fox" title="Corsac fox">Corsac fox (<i>V. corsac</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_fox" title="Tibetan fox">Tibetan fox (<i>V. ferrilata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arctic_fox" title="Arctic fox">Arctic fox (<i>V. lagopus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kit_fox" title="Kit fox">Kit fox (<i>V. macrotis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pale_fox" title="Pale fox">Pale fox (<i>V. pallida</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%BCppell%27s_fox" title="Rüppell's fox">Rüppell's fox (<i>V. rueppelli</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swift_fox" title="Swift fox">Swift fox (<i>V. velox</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_fox" title="Red fox">Red fox (<i>V. vulpes</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fennec_fox" title="Fennec fox">Fennec fox (<i>V. zerda</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.63em;line-height:1em"><a href="/wiki/Canini_(tribe)" title="Canini (tribe)">Canini</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(true dogs)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1em"><a href="/wiki/Cerdocyonina" title="Cerdocyonina">Cerdocyonina</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(zorro)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maned_wolf" title="Maned wolf">Maned wolf (<i>Chrysocyon brachyurus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Speothos" title="Speothos">Speothos</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bush_dog" title="Bush dog">Bush dog (<i>S. venaticus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Short-eared_dog" title="Short-eared dog">Short-eared dog (<i>Atelocynus microtis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crab-eating_fox" title="Crab-eating fox">Crab-eating fox (<i>Cerdocyon thous</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/South_American_fox" title="South American fox">Lycalopex</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Culpeo" title="Culpeo">Culpeo (<i>L. culpaeus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darwin%27s_fox" title="Darwin's fox">Darwin's fox (<i>L. fulvipes</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_American_gray_fox" title="South American gray fox">South American gray fox (<i>L. griseus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pampas_fox" title="Pampas fox">Pampas fox (<i>L. gymnocercus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sechuran_fox" title="Sechuran fox">Sechuran fox (<i>L. sechurae</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoary_fox" title="Hoary fox">Hoary fox (<i>L. vetulus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1em"><a href="/wiki/Canina_(subtribe)" title="Canina (subtribe)">Canina</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(wolf-like canids)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Lupulella" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Lupulella" title="Lupulella">Lupulella</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Side-striped_jackal" title="Side-striped jackal">Side-striped jackal (<i>L. adustus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black-backed_jackal" title="Black-backed jackal">Black-backed jackal (<i>L. mesomelas</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_wild_dog" title="African wild dog">African wild dog (<i>Lycaon pictus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhole" title="Dhole">Dhole (<i>Cuon alpinus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Canis" title="Canis">Canis</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Golden_jackal" title="Golden jackal">Golden jackal (<i>C. aureus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dog" title="Dog">Domestic dog (<i>C. familiaris</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coyote" title="Coyote">Coyote (<i>C. latrans</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_wolf" title="African wolf">African wolf (<i>C. lupaster</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolf" title="Wolf">Wolf (<i>C. lupus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_wolf" title="Eastern wolf">Eastern wolf (<i>C. lycaon</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_wolf" title="Red wolf">Red wolf (<i>C. rufus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_wolf" title="Ethiopian wolf">Ethiopian wolf (<i>C. simensis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg)"><a href="/wiki/Arctoidea" title="Arctoidea">Arctoidea</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1em"><a href="/wiki/Bear" title="Bear">Ursidae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969;font-weight:normal">(bears)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.66em"><i><a href="/wiki/Ailuropoda" title="Ailuropoda">Ailuropoda</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giant_panda" title="Giant panda">Giant panda (<i>A. melanoleuca</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.66em"><i><a href="/wiki/Tremarctos" title="Tremarctos">Tremarctos</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spectacled_bear" title="Spectacled bear">Spectacled bear (<i>T. ornatus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.66em"><a href="/wiki/Ursinae" title="Ursinae">Ursinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sloth_bear" title="Sloth bear">Sloth bear (<i>Melursus ursinus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_bear" title="Sun bear">Sun bear (<i>Helarctos malayanus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Ursus_(mammal)" title="Ursus (mammal)">Ursus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_black_bear" title="American black bear">American black bear (<i>U. americanus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_black_bear" title="Asian black bear">Asian black bear (<i>U. thibetanus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_bear" title="Brown bear">Brown bear (<i>U. arctos</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polar_bear" title="Polar bear">Polar bear (<i>U. maritimus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1em"><a href="/wiki/Arctoidea" title="Arctoidea">Mustelida</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pinniped" title="Pinniped">Pinnipedia</a> <small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(seals)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see below↓</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Musteloidea" title="Musteloidea">Musteloidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see below↓</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Pinnipedia_(seals)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pinniped" title="Pinniped">Pinnipedia <span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(seals)</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1em;;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Odobenidae" title="Odobenidae">Odobenidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Walrus" title="Walrus">Walrus (<i>Odobenus rosmarus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1em;;line-height:1.0em;"><br /><a href="/wiki/Eared_seal" title="Eared seal">Otariidae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(eared seals:<br /><a href="/wiki/Fur_seal" title="Fur seal">fur seals</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Sea_lion" title="Sea lion">sea lions</a>)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Callorhinus" title="Callorhinus">Callorhinus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_fur_seal" title="Northern fur seal">Northern fur seal (<i>C. ursinus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Otariinae" class="mw-redirect" title="Otariinae">Otariinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Steller_sea_lion" title="Steller sea lion">Steller sea lion (<i>Eumetopias jubatus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Zalophus" title="Zalophus">Zalophus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/California_sea_lion" title="California sea lion">California sea lion (<i>Z. californianus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gal%C3%A1pagos_sea_lion" title="Galápagos sea lion">Galápagos sea lion (<i>Z. wollebaeki</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_American_sea_lion" title="South American sea lion">South American sea lion (<i>Otaria flavescens</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Neophoca" title="Neophoca">Neophoca</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_sea_lion" title="Australian sea lion">Australian sea lion (<i>N. cinerea</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_sea_lion" title="New Zealand sea lion">New Zealand sea lion (<i>Phocarctos hookeri</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Arctocephalus" title="Arctocephalus">Arctocephalus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_American_fur_seal" title="South American fur seal">South American fur seal (<i>A. australis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arctocephalus_forsteri" title="Arctocephalus forsteri">Australasian fur seal (<i>A. forsteri</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gal%C3%A1pagos_fur_seal" title="Galápagos fur seal">Galápagos fur seal (<i>A. galapagoensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antarctic_fur_seal" title="Antarctic fur seal">Antarctic fur seal (<i>A. gazella</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Fern%C3%A1ndez_fur_seal" title="Juan Fernández fur seal">Juan Fernández fur seal (<i>A. philippii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_fur_seal" title="Brown fur seal">Brown fur seal (<i>A. pusillus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guadalupe_fur_seal" title="Guadalupe fur seal">Guadalupe fur seal (<i>A. townsendi</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subantarctic_fur_seal" title="Subantarctic fur seal">Subantarctic fur seal (<i>A. tropicalis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1em;;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Earless_seal" title="Earless seal">Phocidae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(earless seals<br />or true seals)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1em;;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Phocinae" title="Phocinae">Phocinae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">("northern seals")</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bearded_seal" title="Bearded seal">Bearded seal (<i>Erignathus barbatus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hooded_seal" title="Hooded seal">Hooded seal (<i>Cystophora cristata</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Phocini" class="mw-redirect" title="Phocini">Phocini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harp_seal" title="Harp seal">Harp seal (<i>Pagophilus groenlandicus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ribbon_seal" title="Ribbon seal">Ribbon seal (<i>Histriophoca fasciata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grey_seal" title="Grey seal">Grey seal (<i>Halichoerus grypus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Phoca" title="Phoca">Phoca</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spotted_seal" title="Spotted seal">Spotted seal (<i>P. largha</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harbor_seal" title="Harbor seal">Harbor seal (<i>P. vitulina</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Pusa" title="Pusa">Pusa</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caspian_seal" title="Caspian seal">Caspian seal (<i>P. caspica</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ringed_seal" title="Ringed seal">Ringed seal (<i>P. hispida</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baikal_seal" title="Baikal seal">Baikal seal (<i>P. sibirica</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1em;;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Monachinae" title="Monachinae">Monachinae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">("southern seals")</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Monachini(monk_seals)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Monk_seal" title="Monk seal">Monachini</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(monk seals)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_monk_seal" title="Mediterranean monk seal">Mediterranean monk seal (<i>Monachus monachus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Neomonachus" title="Neomonachus">Neomonachus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_monk_seal" title="Hawaiian monk seal">Hawaiian monk seal (<i>N. schauinslandi</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Elephant_seal" title="Elephant seal">Mirounga</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(elephant seals)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_elephant_seal" title="Northern elephant seal">Northern elephant seal (<i>M. angustirostris</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_elephant_seal" title="Southern elephant seal">Southern elephant seal (<i>M. leonina</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Lobodontini" title="Lobodontini">Lobodontini</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(Antarctic seals)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leopard_seal" title="Leopard seal">Leopard seal (<i>Hydrurga leptonyx</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weddell_seal" title="Weddell seal">Weddell seal (<i>Leptonychotes weddellii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crabeater_seal" title="Crabeater seal">Crabeater seal (<i>Lobodon carcinophagus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ross_seal" title="Ross seal">Ross seal (<i>Ommatophoca rossi</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Musteloidea" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Musteloidea" title="Musteloidea">Musteloidea</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Ailuridae" title="Ailuridae">Ailuridae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Red_panda" title="Red panda">Red panda (<i>Ailurus fulgens</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Mephitidae" title="Mephitidae">Mephitidae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Skunk" title="Skunk">skunks</a>)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Hog-nosed_skunk" title="Hog-nosed skunk">Conepatus</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(hog-nosed skunks)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Molina%27s_hog-nosed_skunk" title="Molina's hog-nosed skunk">Molina's hog-nosed skunk (<i>C. chinga</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humboldt%27s_hog-nosed_skunk" title="Humboldt's hog-nosed skunk">Humboldt's hog-nosed skunk (<i>C. humboldtii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_hog-nosed_skunk" title="American hog-nosed skunk">American hog-nosed skunk (<i>C. leuconotus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Striped_hog-nosed_skunk" title="Striped hog-nosed skunk">Striped hog-nosed skunk (<i>C. semistriatus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Mephitis_(genus)" title="Mephitis (genus)">Mephitis</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hooded_skunk" title="Hooded skunk">Hooded skunk (<i>M. macroura</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Striped_skunk" title="Striped skunk">Striped skunk (<i>M. mephitis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Stink_badger" title="Stink badger">Mydaus</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(stink badgers)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sunda_stink_badger" title="Sunda stink badger">Sunda stink badger (<i>M. javanensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palawan_stink_badger" title="Palawan stink badger">Palawan stink badger (<i>M. marchei</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Spotted_skunk" title="Spotted skunk">Spilogale</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(spotted skunks)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_spotted_skunk" title="Southern spotted skunk">Southern spotted skunk (<i>S. angustifrons</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_spotted_skunk" title="Western spotted skunk">Western spotted skunk (<i>S. gracilis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_spotted_skunk" title="Eastern spotted skunk">Eastern spotted skunk (<i>S. putorius</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pygmy_spotted_skunk" title="Pygmy spotted skunk">Pygmy spotted skunk (<i>S. pygmaea</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Procyonidae" title="Procyonidae">Procyonidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kinkajou" title="Kinkajou">Kinkajou (<i>Potos flavus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Bassariscus" title="Bassariscus">Bassariscus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ringtail" title="Ringtail">Ringtail (<i>B. astutus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cacomistle" title="Cacomistle">Cacomistle (<i>B. sumichrasti</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Procyon_(genus)" title="Procyon (genus)">Procyon</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(raccoons)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crab-eating_raccoon" title="Crab-eating raccoon">Crab-eating raccoon (<i>P. cancrivorus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raccoon" title="Raccoon">Raccoon (<i>P. lotor</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cozumel_raccoon" title="Cozumel raccoon">Cozumel raccoon (<i>P. pygmaeus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Bassaricyon" title="Bassaricyon">Bassaricyon</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(olingos)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_lowland_olingo" title="Eastern lowland olingo">Eastern lowland olingo (<i>B. alleni</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_olingo" title="Northern olingo">Northern olingo (<i>B. gabbii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_lowland_olingo" title="Western lowland olingo">Western lowland olingo (<i>B. medius</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olinguito" title="Olinguito">Olinguito (<i>B. neblina</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Coati" title="Coati">Nasuina</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(coatis)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Nasua" title="Nasua">Nasua</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_American_coati" title="South American coati">South American coati (<i>N. nasua</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White-nosed_coati" title="White-nosed coati">White-nosed coati (<i>N. narica</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Nasuella" title="Nasuella">Nasuella</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nasuella_meridensis" title="Nasuella meridensis">Eastern mountain coati (<i>N. meridensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasuella_olivacea" title="Nasuella olivacea">Western mountain coati (<i>N. olivacea</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Mustelidae" title="Mustelidae">Mustelidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see below↓</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Mustelidae" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Mustelidae" title="Mustelidae">Mustelidae</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Mustelidae" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg)"><a href="/wiki/Mustelidae" title="Mustelidae">Mustelidae</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_badger" title="American badger">American badger (<i>Taxidea taxus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Mellivora" title="Mellivora">Mellivora</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Honey_badger" title="Honey badger">Honey badger (<i>M. capensis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Badger" title="Badger">Melinae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(Eurasian badgers)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Hog_badger" title="Hog badger">Arctonyx</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_hog_badger" title="Northern hog badger">Northern hog badger (<i>A. albogularis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_hog_badger" title="Greater hog badger">Greater hog badger (<i>A. collaris</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumatran_hog_badger" title="Sumatran hog badger">Sumatran hog badger (<i>A. hoevenii</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Meles_(genus)" title="Meles (genus)">Meles</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_badger" title="Japanese badger">Japanese badger (<i>M. anakuma</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasian_badger" title="Caucasian badger">Caucasian badger (<i>M. canescens</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_badger" title="Asian badger">Asian badger (<i>M. leucurus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_badger" title="European badger">European badger (<i>M. meles</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Ferret-badger" title="Ferret-badger">Melogale</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(ferret-badgers)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_ferret-badger" title="Vietnam ferret-badger">Vietnam ferret-badger (<i>M. cucphuongensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bornean_ferret_badger" title="Bornean ferret badger">Bornean ferret badger (<i>M. everetti</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_ferret-badger" title="Chinese ferret-badger">Chinese ferret-badger (<i>M. moschata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javan_ferret-badger" title="Javan ferret-badger">Javan ferret-badger (<i>M. orientalis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_ferret-badger" title="Burmese ferret-badger">Burmese ferret-badger (<i>M. personata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formosan_ferret-badger" title="Formosan ferret-badger">Formosan ferret-badger (<i>M. subaurantiaca</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Guloninae" title="Guloninae">Guloninae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tayra" title="Tayra">Tayra (<i>Eira barbara</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Pekania" title="Pekania">Pekania</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fisher_(animal)" title="Fisher (animal)">Fisher (<i>P. pennanti</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Gulo" title="Gulo">Gulo</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wolverine" title="Wolverine">Wolverine (<i>G. gulo</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Marten" title="Marten">Martes</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(martens)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_marten" title="American marten">American marten (<i>M. americana</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_marten" title="Pacific marten">Pacific marten (<i>M. caurina</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow-throated_marten" title="Yellow-throated marten">Yellow-throated marten (<i>M. flavigula</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beech_marten" title="Beech marten">Beech marten (<i>M. foina</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilgiri_marten" title="Nilgiri marten">Nilgiri marten (<i>M. gwatkinsii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_pine_marten" title="European pine marten">European pine marten (<i>M. martes</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_marten" title="Japanese marten">Japanese marten (<i>M. melampus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sable" title="Sable">Sable (<i>M. zibellina</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Ictonychinae" title="Ictonychinae">Ictonychinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lyncodontini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lyncodontini (page does not exist)">Lyncodontini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patagonian_weasel" title="Patagonian weasel">Patagonian weasel (<i>Lyncodon patagonicus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Galictis" title="Galictis">Galictis</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(grisons)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lesser_grison" title="Lesser grison">Lesser grison (<i>G. cuja</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_grison" title="Greater grison">Greater grison (<i>G. vittata</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ictonychini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ictonychini (page does not exist)">Ictonychini</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(African polecats)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Vormela" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Marbled_polecat" title="Marbled polecat">Vormela</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marbled_polecat" title="Marbled polecat">Marbled polecat (<i>V. peregusna</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_striped_weasel" title="African striped weasel">African striped weasel (<i>Poecilogale albinucha</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Ictonyx" title="Ictonyx">Ictonyx</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saharan_striped_polecat" title="Saharan striped polecat">Saharan striped polecat (<i>I. libycus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Striped_polecat" title="Striped polecat">Striped polecat (<i>I. striatus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Otter" title="Otter">Lutrinae</a><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(otters)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giant_otter" title="Giant otter">Giant otter (<i>Pteronura brasiliensis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Lontra" title="Lontra">Lontra</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_American_river_otter" title="North American river otter">North American river otter (<i>L. canadensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_otter" title="Marine otter">Marine otter (<i>L. felina</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neotropical_otter" title="Neotropical otter">Neotropical otter (<i>L. longicaudis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_river_otter" title="Southern river otter">Southern river otter (<i>L. provocax</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Enhydra" title="Enhydra">Enhydra</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sea_otter" title="Sea otter">Sea otter (<i>E. lutris</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spotted-necked_otter" title="Spotted-necked otter">Spotted-necked otter (<i>Hydrictis maculicollis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Lutra" title="Lutra">Lutra</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eurasian_otter" title="Eurasian otter">Eurasian otter (<i>L. lutra</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hairy-nosed_otter" title="Hairy-nosed otter">Hairy-nosed otter (<i>L. sumatrana</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Lutrogale" title="Lutrogale">Lutrogale</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Smooth-coated_otter" title="Smooth-coated otter">Smooth-coated otter (<i>L. perspicillata</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Aonyx" title="Aonyx">Aonyx</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_clawless_otter" title="African clawless otter">African clawless otter (<i>A. capensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_small-clawed_otter" title="Asian small-clawed otter">Asian small-clawed otter (<i>A. cinereus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congo_clawless_otter" title="Congo clawless otter">Congo clawless otter (<i>A. congicus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Mustelinae" title="Mustelinae">Mustelinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Neogale" title="Neogale">Neogale</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_weasel" title="Amazon weasel">Amazon weasel (<i>N. africana</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_weasel" title="Colombian weasel">Colombian weasel (<i>N. felipei</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long-tailed_weasel" title="Long-tailed weasel">Long-tailed weasel (<i>N. frenata</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_mink" title="American mink">American mink (<i>N. vison</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Weasel" title="Weasel">Mustela</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(weasels)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mustela_aistoodonnivalis" title="Mustela aistoodonnivalis">Sichuan weasel (<i>M. aistoodonnivalis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_weasel" title="Mountain weasel">Mountain weasel (<i>M. altaica</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoat" title="Stoat">Stoat/Beringian ermine (<i>M. erminea</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steppe_polecat" title="Steppe polecat">Steppe polecat (<i>M. eversmannii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferret" title="Ferret">Ferret (<i>M. furo</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haida_ermine" title="Haida ermine">Haida ermine (<i>M. haidarum</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_weasel" title="Japanese weasel">Japanese weasel (<i>M. itatsi</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow-bellied_weasel" title="Yellow-bellied weasel">Yellow-bellied weasel (<i>M. kathiah</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_mink" title="European mink">European mink (<i>M. lutreola</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_mountain_weasel" title="Indonesian mountain weasel">Indonesian mountain weasel (<i>M. lutreolina</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black-footed_ferret" title="Black-footed ferret">Black-footed ferret (<i>M. nigripes</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Least_weasel" title="Least weasel">Least weasel (<i>M. nivalis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayan_weasel" title="Malayan weasel">Malayan weasel (<i>M. nudipes</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_polecat" title="European polecat">European polecat (<i>M. putorius</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_ermine" title="American ermine">American ermine (<i>M. richardsonii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siberian_weasel" title="Siberian weasel">Siberian weasel (<i>M. sibirica</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Back-striped_weasel" title="Back-striped weasel">Back-striped weasel (<i>M. strigidorsa</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Genera_of_civets,_mongooses,_hyenas,_cats,_and_their_extinct_allies" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Feliformia" title="Template:Feliformia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Feliformia" title="Template talk:Feliformia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Feliformia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Feliformia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Genera_of_civets,_mongooses,_hyenas,_cats,_and_their_extinct_allies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Genera of <a href="/wiki/Viverridae" title="Viverridae">civets</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mongoose" title="Mongoose">mongooses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hyena" title="Hyena">hyenas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Felidae" title="Felidae">cats</a>, and their extinct allies</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a></li> <li>Phylum: <a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a></li> <li>Class: <a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">Mammalia</a></li> <li>Order: <a href="/wiki/Carnivora" title="Carnivora">Carnivora</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Feliformia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Feliformia" title="Feliformia">Feliformia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Palaeogalidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Palaeogalidae">Palaeogalidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Palaeogale" title="Palaeogale">Palaeogale</a></i>?</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Nimravidae" title="Nimravidae">Nimravidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>See <a href="/wiki/Template:Nimravidae" title="Template:Nimravidae">Nimravidae</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aeluroidea" title="Aeluroidea">Aeluroidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Alagtsavbaatar" title="Alagtsavbaatar">Alagtsavbaatar</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Anictis" title="Anictis">Anictis</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Asiavorator" title="Asiavorator">Asiavorator</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shandgolictis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shandgolictis (page does not exist)">Shandgolictis</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nandiniidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Nandiniidae">Nandiniidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Nandinia" class="mw-redirect" title="Nandinia">Nandinia</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Viverroidea" title="Viverroidea">Viverroidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Viverridae" title="Viverridae">Viverridae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Africanictis" title="Africanictis">Africanictis</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunictis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dunictis (page does not exist)">Dunictis</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Forsythictis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Forsythictis (page does not exist)">Forsythictis</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lufengictis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lufengictis (page does not exist)">Lufengictis</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ketketictis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ketketictis (page does not exist)">Ketketictis</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mioprionodon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mioprionodon (page does not exist)">Mioprionodon</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Moghradictis" title="Moghradictis">Moghradictis</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Progenetta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Progenetta (page does not exist)">Progenetta</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Genettinae" title="Genettinae">Genettinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Genetta" class="mw-redirect" title="Genetta">Genetta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Poiana_(genus)" title="Poiana (genus)">Poiana</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hemigalinae" title="Hemigalinae">Hemigalinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Chrotogale" class="mw-redirect" title="Chrotogale">Chrotogale</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cynogale" class="mw-redirect" title="Cynogale">Cynogale</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Diplogale" class="mw-redirect" title="Diplogale">Diplogale</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hemigalus" class="mw-redirect" title="Hemigalus">Hemigalus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Macrogalidia" class="mw-redirect" title="Macrogalidia">Macrogalidia</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Paradoxurinae" title="Paradoxurinae">Paradoxurinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Arctictis" class="mw-redirect" title="Arctictis">Arctictis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Arctogalidia" class="mw-redirect" title="Arctogalidia">Arctogalidia</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Kanuites" title="Kanuites">Kanuites</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kichechia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kichechia (page does not exist)">Kichechia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Paguma" class="mw-redirect" title="Paguma">Paguma</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Paradoxurus" title="Paradoxurus">Paradoxurus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siamictis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siamictis (page does not exist)">Siamictis</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tugenictis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tugenictis (page does not exist)">Tugenictis</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Viverrinae" title="Viverrinae">Viverrinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Civettictis" title="Civettictis">Civettictis</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Semigenetta" title="Semigenetta">Semigenetta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Viverra" title="Viverra">Viverra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Viverricula" class="mw-redirect" title="Viverricula">Viverricula</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Herpestoidea" title="Herpestoidea">Herpestoidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Herpestidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Herpestidae">Herpestidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>See below↓</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hyaenidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyaenidae">Hyaenidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>See below↓</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Feloidea" class="mw-redirect" title="Feloidea">Feloidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>See below↓</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Herpestidae" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Herpestidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Herpestidae">Herpestidae</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eupleridae" title="Eupleridae">Eupleridae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Euplerinae" title="Euplerinae">Euplerinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Cryptoprocta" title="Cryptoprocta">Cryptoprocta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eupleres" title="Eupleres">Eupleres</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Malagasy_civet" title="Malagasy civet">Fossa</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Galidiinae" title="Galidiinae">Galidiinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Galidia" class="mw-redirect" title="Galidia">Galidia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Galidictis" title="Galidictis">Galidictis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mungotictis" class="mw-redirect" title="Mungotictis">Mungotictis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Salanoia" title="Salanoia">Salanoia</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Herpestidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Herpestidae">Herpestidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kichechia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kichechia (page does not exist)">Kichechia</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legetetia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Legetetia (page does not exist)">Legetetia</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leptoplesictis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leptoplesictis (page does not exist)">Leptoplesictis</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ugandictis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ugandictis (page does not exist)">Ugandictis</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Herpestinae" class="mw-redirect" title="Herpestinae">Herpestinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Atilax" title="Atilax">Atilax</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bdeogale" title="Bdeogale">Bdeogale</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cynictis" class="mw-redirect" title="Cynictis">Cynictis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Herpestes" title="Herpestes">Herpestes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ichneumia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ichneumia">Ichneumia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Paracynictis" class="mw-redirect" title="Paracynictis">Paracynictis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Urva_(genus)" title="Urva (genus)">Urva</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Xenogale" class="mw-redirect" title="Xenogale">Xenogale</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mungotinae" class="mw-redirect" title="Mungotinae">Mungotinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Crossarchus" title="Crossarchus">Crossarchus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dologale" class="mw-redirect" title="Dologale">Dologale</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Helogale" title="Helogale">Helogale</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Liberiictis" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberiictis">Liberiictis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mungos" title="Mungos">Mungos</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Suricata" title="Suricata">Suricata</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Hyaenidae" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hyaenidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyaenidae">Hyaenidae</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Percrocutidae" title="Percrocutidae">Percrocutidae</a>?</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dinocrocuta" title="Dinocrocuta">Dinocrocuta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Percrocuta" title="Percrocuta">Percrocuta</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Lophocyonidae" title="Lophocyonidae">Lophocyonidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Euboictis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Euboictis (page does not exist)">Euboictis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izmirictis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Izmirictis (page does not exist)">Izmirictis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lophocyon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lophocyon (page does not exist)">Lophocyon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sivanasua" title="Sivanasua">Sivanasua</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hyaenidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyaenidae">Hyaenidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allohyaena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Allohyaena (page does not exist)">Allohyaena</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belbus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Belbus (page does not exist)">Belbus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metahyaena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metahyaena (page does not exist)">Metahyaena</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Pliocrocuta" title="Pliocrocuta">Pliocrocuta</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tongxinictis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tongxinictis (page does not exist)">Tongxinictis</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Werdelinus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Werdelinus (page does not exist)">Werdelinus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Ictitheriinae" class="mw-redirect" title="Ictitheriinae">Ictitheriinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Herpestides" title="Herpestides">Herpestides</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hyaenotherium" title="Hyaenotherium">Hyaenotherium</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ictitherium" title="Ictitherium">Ictitherium</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lycyaena" title="Lycyaena">Lycyaena</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miohyaenotherium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Miohyaenotherium (page does not exist)">Miohyaenotherium</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Plioviverrops" title="Plioviverrops">Plioviverrops</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Protictitherium" title="Protictitherium">Protictitherium</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thalassictis" title="Thalassictis">Thalassictis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tungurictis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tungurictis (page does not exist)">Tungurictis</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Protelinae" class="mw-redirect" title="Protelinae">Protelinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gansuyaena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gansuyaena (page does not exist)">Gansuyaena</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Proteles" title="Proteles">Proteles</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hyaeninae" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyaeninae">Hyaeninae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Adcrocuta" title="Adcrocuta">Adcrocuta</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Chasmaporthetes" title="Chasmaporthetes">Chasmaporthetes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Crocuta" title="Crocuta">Crocuta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hyaena" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyaena">Hyaena</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyaenictis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hyaenictis (page does not exist)">Hyaenictis</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ikelohyaena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ikelohyaena (page does not exist)">Ikelohyaena</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leecyaena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leecyaena (page does not exist)">Leecyaena</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lycyaenops&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lycyaenops (page does not exist)">Lycyaenops</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Pachycrocuta" title="Pachycrocuta">Pachycrocuta</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palinhyaena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palinhyaena (page does not exist)">Palinhyaena</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Parahyaena" class="mw-redirect" title="Parahyaena">Parahyaena</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Feloidea" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Feloidea" class="mw-redirect" title="Feloidea">Feloidea</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Feloidea" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);;"><a href="/wiki/Feloidea" class="mw-redirect" title="Feloidea">Feloidea</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pseudictis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pseudictis (page does not exist)">Pseudictis</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Stenogale" title="Stenogale">Stenogale</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Stenoplesictis" title="Stenoplesictis">Stenoplesictis</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viretictis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Viretictis (page does not exist)">Viretictis</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Barbourofelidae" title="Barbourofelidae">Barbourofelidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>(See <a href="/wiki/Template:Barbourofelidae" title="Template:Barbourofelidae">Barbourofelidae</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prionodontidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Prionodontidae">Prionodontidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haplogale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haplogale (page does not exist)">Haplogale</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palaeoprionodon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palaeoprionodon (page does not exist)">Palaeoprionodon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Prionodon" class="mw-redirect" title="Prionodon">Prionodon</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Felidae" title="Felidae">Felidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Asilifelis" title="Asilifelis">Asilifelis</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Diamantofelis" title="Diamantofelis">Diamantofelis</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Hyperailurictis" title="Hyperailurictis">Hyperailurictis</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Katifelis" title="Katifelis">Katifelis</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Namafelis" title="Namafelis">Namafelis</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Miopanthera" title="Miopanthera">Miopanthera</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Pseudaelurus" title="Pseudaelurus">Pseudaelurus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Sivaelurus" title="Sivaelurus">Sivaelurus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Styriofelis" title="Styriofelis">Styriofelis</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Proailurinae" class="mw-redirect" title="Proailurinae">Proailurinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Proailurus" title="Proailurus">Proailurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vinayakia" title="Vinayakia">Vinayakia</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Felinae" title="Felinae">Felinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Acinonyx" title="Acinonyx">Acinonyx</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Catopuma" title="Catopuma">Catopuma</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Caracal_(genus)" title="Caracal (genus)">Caracal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Felis" title="Felis">Felis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Herpailurus" class="mw-redirect" title="Herpailurus">Herpailurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Leopardus" title="Leopardus">Leopardus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Leptailurus" class="mw-redirect" title="Leptailurus">Leptailurus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Leptofelis" title="Leptofelis">Leptofelis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lynx" title="Lynx">Lynx</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Magerifelis" title="Magerifelis">Magerifelis</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Miracinonyx" title="Miracinonyx">Miracinonyx</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Otocolobus" class="mw-redirect" title="Otocolobus">Otocolobus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pardofelis" title="Pardofelis">Pardofelis</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Pratifelis" title="Pratifelis">Pratifelis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Prionailurus" title="Prionailurus">Prionailurus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Pristifelis" title="Pristifelis">Pristifelis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Puma_(genus)" title="Puma (genus)">Puma</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Sivapanthera" title="Sivapanthera">Sivapanthera</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Sivapardus" title="Sivapardus">Sivapardus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Vishnufelis" title="Vishnufelis">Vishnufelis</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Machairodontinae" title="Machairodontinae">Machairodontinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>See <a href="/wiki/Template:Machairodontinae" title="Template:Machairodontinae">Machairodontinae</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pantherinae" title="Pantherinae">Pantherinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Neofelis" title="Neofelis">Neofelis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Panthera" title="Panthera">Panthera</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Leontoceryx" title="Leontoceryx">Leontoceryx</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Pachypanthera" title="Pachypanthera">Pachypanthera</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Hyaena hyaena</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188657" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q188657">Q188657</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Hyaena_hyaena" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Hyaena hyaena">Hyaena hyaena</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Animal_Diversity_Web" title="Animal Diversity Web">ADW</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Hyaena_hyaena/">Hyaena_hyaena</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Barcode_of_Life_Data_System" title="Barcode of Life Data System">BOLD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/TaxBrowser_TaxonPage?taxid=359601">359601</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6MGT8">6MGT8</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/311570">311570</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/European_Nature_Information_System" class="mw-redirect" title="European Nature Information System">EUNIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/species/15869">15869</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/5218777">5218777</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/41888">41888</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=10601474">10601474</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=621908">621908</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apiv3.iucnredlist.org/api/v3/taxonredirect/10274">10274</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Mammalogists#Mammal_Diversity_Database" title="American Society of Mammalogists">MDD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1006072">1006072</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Mammal_Species_of_the_World" title="Mammal Species of the World">MSW</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?s=y&id=14000687">14000687</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=95912">95912</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Observation.org" title="Observation.org">Observation.org</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://observation.org/species/83984/">83984</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=383901">383901</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Paleobiology_Database" title="Paleobiology Database">Paleobiology Database</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=232134">232134</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/CITES" title="CITES">Species+</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://speciesplus.net/#/taxon_concepts/10154">10154</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tierstimmenarchiv" class="extiw" title="de:Tierstimmenarchiv">TSA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tierstimmen.org/en/database?field_spec_species_target_id_selective=8343">8343</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Hyaena</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1417638" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q1417638">Q1417638</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Hyaena" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Hyaena">Hyaena</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Animal_Diversity_Web" title="Animal Diversity Web">ADW</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Hyaena/">Hyaena</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">BioLib: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id2123">2123</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Barcode_of_Life_Data_System" title="Barcode of Life Data System">BOLD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/TaxBrowser_TaxonPage?taxid=359599">359599</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4ZCG">4ZCG</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/39396">39396</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/5428905">5428905</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/41887">41887</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=726243">726243</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Mammal_Species_of_the_World" title="Mammal Species of the World">MSW</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?s=y&id=14000685">14000685</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=95911">95911</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=383900">383900</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Paleobiology_Database" title="Paleobiology Database">Paleobiology Database</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=41024">41024</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Canis hyaena</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q109647090" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q109647090">Q109647090</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/European_Nature_Information_System" class="mw-redirect" title="European Nature Information System">EUNIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/species/15870">15870</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/5936121">5936121</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/ZooBank" title="ZooBank">ZooBank</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zoobank.org/NomenclaturalActs/80D3F92B-730E-4EB9-BADE-3DDC0EC7E66D">80D3F92B-730E-4EB9-BADE-3DDC0EC7E66D</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Striped_hyena&oldid=1252505559">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Striped_hyena&oldid=1252505559</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:IUCN_Red_List_near_threatened_species" title="Category:IUCN Red List near threatened species">IUCN Red List near threatened species</a></li><li><a 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