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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Medical specialty that deals with the treatment of addiction</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For addiction medicine in the countries of the former Soviet Union, see <a href="/wiki/Narcology" title="Narcology">Narcology</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Addiction Medicine Physician</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Occupation</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Names</th><td class="infobox-data">Addictionist/Addictionologist,<sup id="cite_ref-CampbellM.D.2004_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CampbellM.D.2004-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Slee2009_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Slee2009-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>Physician</li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Occupation type</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Specialty_(medicine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Specialty (medicine)">Specialty</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Activity sectors</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Medicine" title="Medicine">Medicine</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Description</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Education required</div></th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Medicine" title="Doctor of Medicine">Doctor of Medicine</a> (M.D.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Osteopathic_medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctor of Osteopathic medicine">Doctor of Osteopathic medicine</a> (D.O.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Medicine,_Bachelor_of_Surgery" title="Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery">Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery</a> (M.B.B.S.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Medicine,_Bachelor_of_Surgery" title="Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery">Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery</a> (MBChB)</li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Fields of<br />employment</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hospital" title="Hospital">Hospitals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clinic" title="Clinic">Clinics</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output 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0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Medical_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs more <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sources_(medicine)" title="Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources (medicine)">reliable medical references</a> for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a> or relies too heavily on <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Primary_sources" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Primary sources">primary sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please review the contents of the article and <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Addiction_medicine&action=edit">add the appropriate references</a> if you can. Unsourced or poorly sourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>. <small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Addiction+medicine%22">"Addiction medicine"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Addiction+medicine%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Addiction+medicine%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Addiction+medicine%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Addiction+medicine%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Addiction+medicine%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2017</span>)</i></span></div></td><td class="mbox-imageright"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Star_of_life.svg/52px-Star_of_life.svg.png" decoding="async" width="52" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Star_of_life.svg/77px-Star_of_life.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Star_of_life.svg/103px-Star_of_life.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="198" data-file-height="192" /></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Addiction medicine</b> is a medical subspecialty that deals with the diagnosis, prevention, evaluation, treatment, and <a href="/wiki/Drug_rehabilitation" title="Drug rehabilitation">recovery</a> of persons with <a href="/wiki/Substance_dependence" title="Substance dependence">addiction</a>, of those with <a href="/wiki/Substance-related_disorder" title="Substance-related disorder">substance-related</a> and <a href="/wiki/Addiction" title="Addiction">addictive disorders</a>, and of people who show unhealthy use of substances including <a href="/wiki/Alcohol_(drug)" title="Alcohol (drug)">alcohol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nicotine" title="Nicotine">nicotine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prescription_drug" title="Prescription drug">prescription medicine</a> and other illicit and licit drugs.<sup id="cite_ref-THEABPM_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-THEABPM-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The medical subspecialty often crosses over into other areas, since various aspects of addiction fall within the fields of <a href="/wiki/Public_health" title="Public health">public health</a>, <a href="/wiki/Psychology" title="Psychology">psychology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Social_work" title="Social work">social work</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mental_health" title="Mental health">mental health</a> counseling, <a href="/wiki/Psychiatry" title="Psychiatry">psychiatry</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Internal_medicine" title="Internal medicine">internal medicine</a>, among others. Incorporated within the specialty are the processes of <a href="/wiki/Drug_detoxification" title="Drug detoxification">detoxification</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drug_rehabilitation" title="Drug rehabilitation">rehabilitation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harm_reduction" title="Harm reduction">harm reduction</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coerced_abstinence" title="Coerced abstinence">abstinence-based treatment</a>, individual and group therapies, oversight of <a href="/wiki/Halfway_house" title="Halfway house">halfway houses</a>, treatment of <a href="/wiki/Drug_withdrawal" title="Drug withdrawal">withdrawal-related symptoms</a>, acute intervention, and long term therapies designed to reduce likelihood of relapse. Some specialists, primarily those who also have expertise in <a href="/wiki/Family_medicine" title="Family medicine">family medicine</a> or internal medicine, also provide treatment for disease states commonly associated with substance use, such as <a href="/wiki/Hepatitis" title="Hepatitis">hepatitis</a> and <a href="/wiki/HIV_infection" class="mw-redirect" title="HIV infection">HIV infection</a>. </p><p>Physicians specializing in the field are in general agreement concerning applicability of treatment to those with addiction to drugs, such as <a href="/wiki/Alcohol_(drug)" title="Alcohol (drug)">alcohol</a> and <a href="/wiki/Opioid_use_disorder" title="Opioid use disorder">heroin</a>, and often also to <a href="/wiki/Gambling_addiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Gambling addiction">gambling</a>, which has similar characteristics and has been well-described in the scientific literature. There is less agreement concerning definition or treatment of other so-called addictive behavior such as <a href="/wiki/Sexual_addiction" title="Sexual addiction">sexual addiction</a> and <a href="/wiki/Internet_addiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet addiction">internet addiction</a>, such behaviors not being marked generally by physiologic tolerance or withdrawal. </p><p>Doctors focusing on addiction medicine are medical specialists who focus on addictive disease and have had special study and training focusing on the prevention and treatment of such diseases. There are two routes to specialization in the addiction field: one via a psychiatric pathway and one via other fields of medicine. The <a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Addiction_Medicine" title="American Society of Addiction Medicine">American Society of Addiction Medicine</a> notes that approximately 40% of its members are psychiatrists (MD/DO) while the remainder have received primary medical training in other fields.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (March 2019)">failed verification</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Accreditation_in_the_United_States">Accreditation in the United States</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Addiction_medicine&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Accreditation in the United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In March 2016, the <a href="/wiki/American_Board_of_Medical_Specialties" title="American Board of Medical Specialties">American Board of Medical Specialties</a> (ABMS) announced recognition of the field of addiction medicine as a new medical <a href="/wiki/Subspecialty" title="Subspecialty">subspecialty</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ABMS-1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ABMS-1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In several countries around the world, specialist bodies have been set up to ensure high quality practice in addiction medicine. For example, within the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, there are two accepted specialty examinations.<sup id="cite_ref-Schnoll_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schnoll-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One is a Board Certification in Addiction Psychiatry from the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The other is a Board Certification in Addiction Medicine from the <a href="/wiki/American_Board_of_Preventive_Medicine" title="American Board of Preventive Medicine">American Board of Preventive Medicine</a>. The latter approach is available to all physicians with primary Board certification, while the former is available only to board-certified psychiatrists. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Doctors_of_Osteopathic_Medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctors of Osteopathic Medicine">Doctors of Osteopathic Medicine</a> may also seek board certification via the <a href="/wiki/American_Osteopathic_Association" title="American Osteopathic Association">American Osteopathic Association</a> (AOA). The Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine must have a primary board certification in <a href="/wiki/American_Osteopathic_Board_of_Neurology_and_Psychiatry" title="American Osteopathic Board of Neurology and Psychiatry">Neurology & Psychiatry</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_Osteopathic_Board_of_Internal_Medicine" title="American Osteopathic Board of Internal Medicine">Internal Medicine</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Family_medicine" title="Family medicine">Family Practice</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from the American Osteopathic Association and complete an AOA approved addiction medicine fellowship. Successful completion of a board examination administered via the AOA will grant a certificate of added qualification (CAQ) in addiction medicine. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Accreditation_internationally">Accreditation internationally</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Addiction_medicine&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Accreditation internationally"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Within Australia, addiction medicine specialists are certified via the Chapter of Addiction Medicine, which is part of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Australasian_College_of_Physicians" title="Royal Australasian College of Physicians">Royal Australasian College of Physicians</a>. They may alternatively be a member of the Section of Addiction Psychiatry, Royal Australian & New Zealand College of Psychiatrists. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/International_Society_of_Addiction_Medicine" title="International Society of Addiction Medicine">International Society of Addiction Medicine</a> also can provide certification of expertise. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Medical_societies">Medical societies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Addiction_medicine&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Medical societies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Addiction_Medicine" title="American Society of Addiction Medicine">American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Medical_journals">Medical journals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Addiction_medicine&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Medical journals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Addiction_Medicine" title="Journal of Addiction Medicine">Journal of Addiction Medicine</a></i> (JAM)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Addictions_Nursing" title="Journal of Addictions Nursing">Journal of Addictions Nursing</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/JAMA_Neurology" title="JAMA Neurology">JAMA Neurology</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Addiction_medicine&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Addiction_psychiatry" title="Addiction psychiatry">Addiction psychiatry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Addiction_Medicine" title="American Society of Addiction Medicine">American Society of Addiction Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narcology" title="Narcology">Narcology</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Addiction_medicine&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-CampbellM.D.2004-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CampbellM.D.2004_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRobert_Jean_CampbellDirector_Gracie_Square_Hospital_and_Clinical_Professor_of_Psychiatry_Robert_Jean_Campbell,_M.D.2004" class="citation book cs1">Robert Jean Campbell; Director Gracie Square Hospital and Clinical Professor of Psychiatry Robert Jean Campbell, M.D. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Vrlsos_O13UC&pg=PA11"><i>Campbell's Psychiatric Dictionary</i></a>. Oxford University Press, USA. p. 11. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-515221-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-515221-0"><bdi>978-0-19-515221-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Campbell%27s+Psychiatric+Dictionary&rft.pages=11&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press%2C+USA&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-19-515221-0&rft.au=Robert+Jean+Campbell&rft.au=Director+Gracie+Square+Hospital+and+Clinical+Professor+of+Psychiatry+Robert+Jean+Campbell%2C+M.D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVrlsos_O13UC%26pg%3DPA11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAddiction+medicine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Slee2009-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Slee2009_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSlee2009" class="citation book cs1">Slee (7 October 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5Hf4xWVXwxoC&pg=PA8"><i>Slee's Health Care Terms</i></a>. Jones & Bartlett Publishers. p. 8. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7637-8903-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7637-8903-9"><bdi>978-0-7637-8903-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Slee%27s+Health+Care+Terms&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=Jones+%26+Bartlett+Publishers&rft.date=2009-10-07&rft.isbn=978-0-7637-8903-9&rft.au=Slee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5Hf4xWVXwxoC%26pg%3DPA8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAddiction+medicine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-THEABPM-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-THEABPM_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_American_Board_of_Preventive_Medicine" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/American_Board_of_Preventive_Medicine" title="American Board of Preventive Medicine">The American Board of Preventive Medicine</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theabpm.org/become-certified/subspecialties/addiction-medicine/">"Subspecialties: Addiction Medicine"</a>. <i>THEABPM.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 31,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=THEABPM.org&rft.atitle=Subspecialties%3A+Addiction+Medicine&rft.au=The+American+Board+of+Preventive+Medicine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theabpm.org%2Fbecome-certified%2Fsubspecialties%2Faddiction-medicine%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAddiction+medicine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asam.org">ASAM - American Society of Addiction Medicine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ABMS-1-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ABMS-1_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_American_Board_of_Medical_Specialties2016" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/American_Board_of_Medical_Specialties" title="American Board of Medical Specialties">The American Board of Medical Specialties</a> (March 14, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abms.org/news-events/abms-officially-recognizes-addiction-medicine-as-a-subspecialty/">"ABMS Officially Recognizes Addiction Medicine as a Subspecialty"</a>. <i>ABMS.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 31,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABMS.org&rft.atitle=ABMS+Officially+Recognizes+Addiction+Medicine+as+a+Subspecialty&rft.date=2016-03-14&rft.au=The+American+Board+of+Medical+Specialties&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abms.org%2Fnews-events%2Fabms-officially-recognizes-addiction-medicine-as-a-subspecialty%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAddiction+medicine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schnoll-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Schnoll_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchnoll1993" class="citation journal cs1">Schnoll; et al. (1993). "Physician certification in addiction medicine 1986–1990: a four-year experience". <i>J Addict Dis</i>. <b>12</b> (1): 123–133. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1300%2Fj069v12n01_10">10.1300/j069v12n01_10</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8424964">8424964</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J+Addict+Dis&rft.atitle=Physician+certification+in+addiction+medicine+1986%E2%80%931990%3A+a+four-year+experience&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=123-133&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1300%2Fj069v12n01_10&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F8424964&rft.au=Schnoll&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAddiction+medicine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060209140719/http://www.abpn.com/cert_subspecialties.htm">Initial Certification - Subspecialties</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://certification.osteopathic.org/family-physicians/">Family Practice certification</a> from the American Osteopathic Association]</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Addiction_medicine&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Latt, Noeline; Katherine Conigrave, Jane Marshall, John Saunders, E. Jane Marshall, David Nutt (2009) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://global.oup.com/academic/product/addiction-medicine-9780198714750?lang=en&cc=us">Addiction medicine</a></i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press.</li> <li><i>Psychedelic Medicine: New Evidence for Hallucinogens as Treatments</i> Vol. 2. Michael J. Winkelman and Thomas B. Roberts (editors) (2007). Westport, CT: Praeger/Greenwood. Chapter 1, Halpern, John H. "Hallucinogens in the Treatment of Alcoholism and Other Addictions," Chapter 2, Yensen, Richard, and Dryer, Donna, "Addiction, Despair, and the Soul: Successful Psychedelic Psychotherapy: A Case Study," Chapter 4. Alper, R. Kenneth, and Lotsof, Howard S. "The Use of Ibogaine in the Treatment of Addictions," Chapter 6. Mabit, Jacques. "Ayahuasca in the Treatment of Addictions".</li> <li>Hughes LD (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sumj.dundee.ac.uk/data/uploads/epub-article/001-sumj-epub.pdf">"How should healthcare students view addiction and substance abuse?"</a> <i>Scottish Universities Medical Journal</i>. EPub 001.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thelancet.com/series/addiction">"Addiction Series"</a> (three parts). <i>The Lancet</i> (2012).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Addiction_medicine&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.isamweb.org">ISAM — International Society of Addiction Medicine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abpn.com/">ABPN — American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abam.net/">ABAM — American Board of Addiction Medicine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.asam.org/">ASAM — American Society of Addiction Medicine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aoaam.org/">AOAAM — American Osteopathic Academy of Addiction Medicine</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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Bachelor of Surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Medical_Sciences" title="Bachelor of Medical Sciences">Bachelor of Medical Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_of_Medicine" title="Master of Medicine">Master of Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_of_Surgery" title="Master of Surgery">Master of Surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Medicine" title="Doctor of Medicine">Doctor of Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Osteopathic_Medicine" title="Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine">Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MD%E2%80%93PhD" title="MD–PhD">MD–PhD</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medical_Scientist_Training_Program" title="Medical Scientist Training Program">Medical Scientist Training Program</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_medicine" title="Alternative medicine">Alternative medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_health_professions" title="Allied health professions">Allied health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molecular_oncology" title="Molecular oncology">Molecular oncology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanomedicine" title="Nanomedicine">Nanomedicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personalized_medicine" title="Personalized medicine">Personalized medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_health" title="Public health">Public health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rural_health" title="Rural health">Rural health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Therapy" title="Therapy">Therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_medicine" title="Traditional medicine">Traditional medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veterinary_medicine" title="Veterinary medicine">Veterinary medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physician" title="Physician">Physician</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_physician" title="Chief physician">Chief physician</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_medicine" title="History of medicine">History of medicine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Medicine" title="Category:Medicine">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Medicine" class="extiw" title="commons:Medicine">Commons</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="WikiProject"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Medicine" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Medicine">Wikiproject</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Medicine" title="Portal:Medicine">Portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Outline"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/10px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/15px-Global_thinking.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/21px-Global_thinking.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_medicine" title="Outline of medicine">Outline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Treatment_of_drug_dependence_(N07B)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Dependence_treatment" title="Template:Dependence treatment"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Dependence_treatment" title="Template talk:Dependence treatment"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Dependence_treatment" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Dependence treatment"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Treatment_of_drug_dependence_(N07B)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Treatment of <a href="/wiki/Substance_dependence" title="Substance dependence">drug dependence</a> (<a href="/wiki/ATC_code_N07#N07B" title="ATC code N07">N07B</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nicotine_dependence" title="Nicotine dependence">Nicotine dependence</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bupropion" title="Bupropion">Bupropion</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cytisine" title="Cytisine">Cytisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lobeline" title="Lobeline">Lobeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mecamylamine" title="Mecamylamine">Mecamylamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varenicline" title="Varenicline">Varenicline</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Adrenergic_agonist" title="Adrenergic agonist"><abbr title="Adrenergic agonist">AA</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Adrenergic agonist</span></i> (<a href="/wiki/Clonidine" title="Clonidine">Clonidine</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_dependence" title="Alcohol dependence">Alcohol dependence</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Acetaldehyde_dehydrogenase_inhibitor" class="mw-redirect" title="Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor"><abbr title="Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase">AD</abbr> inhibitor</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disulfiram" title="Disulfiram">Disulfiram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acamprosate" title="Acamprosate">Acamprosate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calcium_carbimide" title="Calcium carbimide">Calcium carbimide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_cyanamide" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrogen cyanamide">Hydrogen cyanamide</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/General_anesthetic" class="mw-redirect" title="General anesthetic">General anesthetics</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nitrous_oxide_(medication)" title="Nitrous oxide (medication)">Nitrous oxide</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Opioid_antagonist" title="Opioid antagonist">Opioid antagonists</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naltrexone" title="Naltrexone">Naltrexone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nalmefene" title="Nalmefene">Nalmefene</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topiramate" title="Topiramate">Topiramate</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Adrenergic_agonist" title="Adrenergic agonist"><abbr title="Adrenergic agonist">AA</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Adrenergic agonist</span></i> (<a href="/wiki/Clonidine" title="Clonidine">Clonidine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baclofen" title="Baclofen">Baclofen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenibut" title="Phenibut">Phenibut</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Opioid_dependence" class="mw-redirect" title="Opioid dependence">Opioid dependence</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Adrenergic_agonist" title="Adrenergic agonist"><abbr title="Adrenergic agonist">AA</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Adrenergic agonist</span></i> (<a href="/wiki/Clonidine" title="Clonidine">Clonidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lofexidine" title="Lofexidine">Lofexidine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibogaine" title="Ibogaine">Ibogaine</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Opioid" title="Opioid">Opioids</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buprenorphine" title="Buprenorphine">Buprenorphine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Buprenorphine/naloxone" title="Buprenorphine/naloxone">+naloxone</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levacetylmethadol" title="Levacetylmethadol">Levacetylmethadol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methadone" title="Methadone">Methadone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dihydrocodeine" title="Dihydrocodeine">Dihydrocodeine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dihydroetorphine" title="Dihydroetorphine">Dihydroetorphine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydromorphone" title="Hydromorphone">Hydromorphone (extended-release)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morphine" title="Morphine">Morphine (extended-release)</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Opioid_antagonist" title="Opioid antagonist">Opioid antagonists</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Naltrexone" title="Naltrexone">Naltrexone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nalmefene" title="Nalmefene">Nalmefene</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Benzodiazepine_dependence" title="Benzodiazepine dependence">Benzodiazepine dependence</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Adrenergic_agonist" title="Adrenergic agonist"><abbr title="Adrenergic agonist">AA</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Adrenergic agonist</span></i> (<a href="/wiki/Clonidine" title="Clonidine">Clonidine</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Benzodiazepine" title="Benzodiazepine">Benzodiazepines</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Diazepam" title="Diazepam">Diazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorazepam" title="Lorazepam">Lorazepam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlordiazepoxide" title="Chlordiazepoxide">Chlordiazepoxide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxazepam" title="Oxazepam">Oxazepam</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Barbiturate" title="Barbiturate">Barbiturates</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Phenobarbital" title="Phenobarbital">Phenobarbital</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Addiction_medicine&oldid=1242352248">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Addiction_medicine&oldid=1242352248</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" 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