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class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_no.wikipedia.org&uselang=nb" class=""><span>Doner</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Opprett_konto&returnto=Mulatt" title="Du oppfordres til å opprette en konto og logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk" class=""><span>Opprett konto</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Logg_inn&returnto=Mulatt" title="Du oppfordres til å logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk [o]" 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data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innhold</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Til toppen)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etymologi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymologi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etymologi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymologi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Afrika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Afrika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Afrika</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Afrika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Latin-Amerika_og_Karibia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Latin-Amerika_og_Karibia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Latin-Amerika og Karibia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Latin-Amerika_og_Karibia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Latin-Amerika og Karibia</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Latin-Amerika_og_Karibia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Brasil" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brasil"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Brasil</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brasil-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Haiti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Haiti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Haiti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Haiti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-USA" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#USA"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>USA</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-USA-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Problematiske_konnotasjoner" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Problematiske_konnotasjoner"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Problematiske konnotasjoner</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Problematiske_konnotasjoner-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referanser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referanser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Referanser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referanser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innhold" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Mulatt</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til en artikkel på et annet språk. Tilgjengelig på 51 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-51" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">51 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mulat" title="Mulat – dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Mulat" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mulatt" title="Mulatt – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Mulatt" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BAlatti" title="Múlatti – islandsk" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Múlatti" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88" title="مولاتو – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مولاتو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamba" title="Kamba – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Kamba" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mulatlar" title="Mulatlar – aserbajdsjansk" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Mulatlar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="مولات‌لار – søraserbajdsjansk" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="مولات‌لار" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="søraserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Мулат – belarusisk" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Мулат" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Мулати – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Мулати" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mulat" title="Mulat – katalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mulat" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mulat" title="Mulat – tsjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mulat" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tsjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mulatte" title="Mulatte – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mulatte" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mulatt" title="Mulatt – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Mulatt" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mulatto" title="Mulatto – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Mulatto" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mulato" title="Mulato – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mulato" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mulato" title="Mulato – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Mulato" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mulato" title="Mulato – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Mulato" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88" title="مولاتو – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مولاتو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mul%C3%A2tre" title="Mulâtre – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mulâtre" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AC%BC%EB%9D%BC%ED%86%A0" title="물라토 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="물라토" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Մուլատներ – armensk" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մուլատներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%81" title="मुलाटु – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मुलाटु" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mulati" title="Mulati – kroatisk" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Mulati" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mulato" title="Mulato – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Mulato" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mulatto" title="Mulatto – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mulatto" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mulatto" title="Mulatto – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Mulatto" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%98%D7%99%D7%9D" title="מולאטים – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מולאטים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Мулаттар – kasakhisk" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Мулаттар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasakhisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milat" title="Milat – haitisk" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Milat" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Мулаттар – kirgisisk" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Мулаттар" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mulatai" title="Mulatai – litauisk" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Mulatai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mulatt" title="Mulatt – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Mulatt" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="მულატი – mingrelsk" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მულატი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mulat" title="Mulat – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Mulat" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A0%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88" title="ムラート – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ムラート" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mulatlar" title="Mulatlar – usbekisk" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Mulatlar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbekisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mulat" title="Mulat – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Mulat" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mulato" title="Mulato – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mulato" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mulatru" title="Mulatru – rumensk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Mulatru" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Мулаты – rusinsk" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Мулаты" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="rusinsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Мулаты – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мулаты" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mulatto" title="Mulatto – enkel engelsk" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Mulatto" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="enkel engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mulat" title="Mulat – slovakisk" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Mulat" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mulat" title="Mulat – slovensk" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Mulat" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Мулати – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Мулати" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mulati" title="Mulati – serbokroatisk" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Mulati" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mulatti" title="Mulatti – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Mulatti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mulatto" title="Mulatto – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Mulatto" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Мулати – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мулати" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mulatto" title="Mulatto – vietnamesisk" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Mulatto" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E6%8B%89%E6%89%98%E4%BA%BA" title="穆拉托人 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="穆拉托人" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q191923#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Rediger lenker til artikkelen på andre språk" class="wbc-editpage">Rediger lenker</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Navnerom"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Mulatt" title="Vis innholdssiden [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikkel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" 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</div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visninger"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Mulatt"><span>Les</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mulatt&veaction=edit" title="Rediger siden [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Rediger</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mulatt&action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne siden [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kilde</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mulatt&action=history" title="Tidligere sideversjoner av denne siden [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Vis historikk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> 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href="/wiki/Mulatt"><span>Les</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mulatt&veaction=edit" title="Rediger siden [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Rediger</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mulatt&action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne siden [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kilde</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mulatt&action=history"><span>Vis historikk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Generelt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Lenker_hit/Mulatt" title="Liste over alle wikisider som lenker hit [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Lenker hit</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Relaterte_endringer/Mulatt" rel="nofollow" title="Siste endringer i sider som blir lenket fra denne siden [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Relaterte endringer</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=no" title="Last opp filer [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Last opp fil</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Spesialsider" title="Liste over alle spesialsider [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Spesialsider</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mulatt&oldid=24434404" title="Permanent lenke til denne versjonen av siden"><span>Permanent lenke</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mulatt&action=info" title="Mer informasjon om denne siden"><span>Sideinformasjon</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Siteringshjelp&page=Mulatt&id=24434404&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informasjon om hvordan denne siden kan siteres"><span>Siter denne siden</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fno.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMulatt"><span>Hent forkortet URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fno.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMulatt"><span>Last ned QR-kode</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Skriv ut / eksporter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Mulatt&action=show-download-screen"><span>Last ned som PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mulatt&printable=yes" title="Utskriftsvennlig versjon av denne siden [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Utskriftsvennlig versjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> På andre prosjekter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mulatto" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q191923" title="Lenke til koblet dataregisterelement [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-element</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideverktøy"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Utseende</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">skjul</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Fra Wikipedia, den frie encyklopedi</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nb" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Mulatto.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Mulatto.jpg/250px-Mulatto.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Mulatto.jpg/375px-Mulatto.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Mulatto.jpg/500px-Mulatto.jpg 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="475" /></a><figcaption>Bilde av mulatt fra latinamerikansk kolonitid.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Mulatt</b> er et ord som beskriver enten en person med en sort og en <a href="/wiki/Den_kaukasoide_rase" title="Den kaukasoide rase">hvit</a> forelder, eller en person av synlig sort og hvit herkomst uavhengig av blandingsforholdet. Bruken av ordet varierer. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymologi">Etymologi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mulatt&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Rediger avsnitt: Etymologi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mulatt&action=edit&section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Etymologi"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ordets etymologi er usikker. Det kan være avledet av det portugisiske og spanske ordet <i>mulato</i> (liten mule), som er avledet av <i>mulo</i> (mule), fra latin over gammelspansk <i>mūlus</i>, som en analogi til <a href="/wiki/Muldyr" title="Muldyr">muldyr</a>, dvs. avkom av <a href="/wiki/Hest" title="Hest">hest</a> og <a href="/wiki/Esel" class="mw-redirect" title="Esel">esel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Noen ordbøker og vitenskapelige publikasjoner hevder at ordet er avledet av arabisk <i>muwallad</i>, dvs. «person av blandet herkomst». Muwallad betyr bokstavelig «født», «oppfostret», «født og oppfostret blant arabere» (men ikke av rent arabisk opprinnelse) e.l. Ordet er avledet av det semittiske grunnordet <i>WaLaD</i> (arabisk: ولد direkte arabisk transkripsjon: <i>waw, lam, dal</i>). <i>Walad</i> betyr «etterkommer», «barn», «sønn», «gutt», «ungdyr», «ung person». <i>Muwallad</i> ble brukt for å betegne etterkommerne av arabiske menn og ikke-arabiske kvinner. Ordet <i>muwalladin</i> brukes fortsatt på arabisk i denne betydningen. Ifølge Julio Izquierdo Labrado<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, lingvisten Leopoldo Eguilaz y Yanguas samt flere arabiske kilder<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, er <i>muwallad</i> den etymologiske opprinnelsen til <i>mulato</i>. Ifølge disse kildene oppstod <i>mulato</i> fra <i>muwallad</i> uavhengig av det beslektede ordet <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mulad%C3%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muladí (ikke skrevet ennå)">muladí</a></i>, som ble brukt om iberiske kristne som hadde konvertert til islam under det mauriske styret på Den iberiske halvøy i middelalderen. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Real_Academia_Espa%C3%B1ola" title="Real Academia Española">Real Academia Española</a> har imidlertid sådd tvil om <i>muwallad</i>-teorien. </p><p>Ordet kan oppfattes som nedsettende i noen situasjoner eller kulturer.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kritikere av ordet argumenterer med at ordet muligvis sammenligner mennesker med muldyr. Bruken av ordet varierer betydelig på verdensbasis, og det brukes mange steder, bl.a. i Afrika og Latin-Amerika, som et vanlig, deskriptivt uttrykk uten spesielle negative konnotasjoner. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Afrika">Afrika</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mulatt&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Rediger avsnitt: Afrika" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mulatt&action=edit&section=2" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Afrika"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I det portugisisktalende Afrika brukes betegnelsen <i><a href="/wiki/Mesti%C3%A7o" class="mw-redirect" title="Mestiço">mestiço</a></i> offisielt for å betegne personer av blandet europeisk og afrikansk opprinnelse. </p><p>I <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_og_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="São Tomé og Príncipe">São Tomé og Príncipe</a> defineres flertallet av innbyggerne som <i>mestiço</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Også 71 % av befolkningen i <a href="/wiki/Kapp_Verde" title="Kapp Verde">Kapp Verde</a> kategoriseres slik.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Majoriteten av befolkningen stammer fra portugisere som slo seg ned på øyene fra det <a href="/wiki/15._%C3%A5rhundre" title="15. århundre">15. århundre</a> og svarte afrikanere som kom fra det afrikanske fastlandet som slaver. </p><p>I <a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a> og <a href="/wiki/Mosambik" title="Mosambik">Mosambik</a> utgjør mulattene en minoritet.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>I <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8r-Afrika" title="Sør-Afrika">Sør-Afrika</a> brukes betegnelsen «farvet» (kalt <i>Bruinmense</i>, <i>Kleurlinge</i> eller <i>Bruin Afrikaners</i> på <a href="/wiki/Afrikaans" title="Afrikaans">afrikaans</a> og <i>Coloured</i> på <a href="/wiki/Engelsk" title="Engelsk">engelsk</a>) om personer som har svarte aner. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Latin-Amerika_og_Karibia">Latin-Amerika og Karibia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mulatt&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Rediger avsnitt: Latin-Amerika og Karibia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mulatt&action=edit&section=3" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Latin-Amerika og Karibia"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mulatter utgjør en betydelig andel av befolkningen i en rekke land i <a href="/wiki/Latin-Amerika" title="Latin-Amerika">Latin-Amerika</a> og <a href="/wiki/Karibia" title="Karibia">Karibia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I <a href="/wiki/Den_dominikanske_republikk" title="Den dominikanske republikk">Den dominikanske republikk</a> er 73 % mulatter<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, på <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a> 23 %, i <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a> 30 %, i <a href="/wiki/Brasil" title="Brasil">Brasil</a> 38,5 % mestis + mulatt + eurasier<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, i <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a> inntil 11 %, i <a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a> 25 %, i <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a> 14 %, i <a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a> inntil 5 %, og i tillegg deler av befolkningene i <a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Curaçao">Curaçao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba">Aruba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bonaire" title="Bonaire">Bonaire</a> og <a href="/wiki/Trinidad" title="Trinidad">Trinidad</a>. </p><p>De ca. 200 000 afrikanske slavene som kom til <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> ble for det meste absorbert i <a href="/wiki/Mestis" title="Mestis">mestisbefolkningen</a> som ellers består av etterkommere etter europeere og den indianske urbefolkningen. Delstaten <a href="/wiki/Guerrero" title="Guerrero">Guerrero</a> hadde før en stor befolkning av afrikanske slaver. Andre meksikanske delstater som har innbyggere av delvis afrikansk opprinnelse er <a href="/wiki/Oaxaca" title="Oaxaca">Oaxaca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Veracruz" title="Veracruz">Veracruz</a> og <a href="/wiki/Yucat%C3%A1n" title="Yucatán">Yucatán</a>. </p><p>I en kartlegging av 800 puertoriceres DNA hadde 61 % mitokondrisk DNA fra en indiansk kvinnelig stammor, 27 % fra en afrikansk og 12 % fra en europeisk.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Motsatt hadde 70 % av mennene et <a href="/wiki/Y-kromosom" title="Y-kromosom">Y-kromosom</a> fra en europeisk forfar, 20 % fra en afrikansk og mindre enn 10 % fra en indiansk.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ettersom disse undersøkelsene kun viser avstamning i enten mannslinjen eller kvinnelinjen, kan de ikke fortelle med sikkerhet nøyaktig hvor stor andel av europeisk og afrikansk opprinnelse noen har. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brasil">Brasil</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mulatt&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Rediger avsnitt: Brasil" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mulatt&action=edit&section=4" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Brasil"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ifølge en undersøkelse fra <a href="/w/index.php?title=Instituto_Brasileiro_de_Geografia_e_Estat%C3%ADstica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (ikke skrevet ennå)">Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística</a> fra 2000 definerer 38,5 % av brasilianerne seg som <i>pardo</i>, dvs. av blandet herkomst.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dette tallet omfatter ikke kun mulatter, men også andre grupper av blandet opprinnelse (hvit og urfolk). En tilsvarende undersøkelse fra 2006 viste at 42,6 % av brasilianerne definerte seg som <i>pardo</i><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ordet mulatt (<i>mulato</i> på portugisisk) har ikke noen nedsettende konnotasjoner i Brasil, og brukes i dagligtale som et deskriptivt ord, på samme måte som <a href="/wiki/Moreno" title="Moreno">moreno</a> og avledede ord som lys moreno, mørk moreno, osv., som mer fokuserer på hudfargen eller bare hårfargen. Moreno kan også brukes om andre grupper enn mulatter. </p><p><a href="/wiki/13._mai" title="13. mai">13. mai</a> er <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mulattdagen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mulattdagen (ikke skrevet ennå)">mulattdagen</a> i Brasil. Datoen er en referanse til avskaffelsen av slaveriet i landet, noe som ble vedtatt 13. mai <a href="/wiki/1888" title="1888">1888</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Haiti">Haiti</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mulatt&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Rediger avsnitt: Haiti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mulatt&action=edit&section=5" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Haiti"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I <a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a> utgjør mulatter en mindre andel av befolkningen enn i mange andre latinamerikanske land. I dag er 5 % av befolkningen mulatter. På 1700-tallet utgjorde mulattene en egen klasse, kalt <i>gens de couleur</i>. De hadde ofte god utdannelse og kunne være velstående. Mange mulatter på Haiti eide selv slaver og deltok aktivt i undertrykkelsen av den svarte majoriteten. Enkelte deltok imidlertid også i kampen for å avskaffe slaveriet. Mange mulatter ble drept eller fordrevet av svarte haitiere under uavhengighetskrigene. En del svarte hadde tidligere alliert seg med franskmennene mot mulattene under det første og andre mulattopprøret. I Haiti hadde mulattene opprinnelig samme rettsstilling som den hvite franske befolkningen. Dette sikret dem mange fordeler, bl.a. rett til å arve. På 1700-tallet innskrenket den hvite befolkningen mulattenes rettigheter, av frykt for slaveopprør, men mulattene gjenvant disse rettighetene i 1791. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="USA">USA</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mulatt&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Rediger avsnitt: USA" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mulatt&action=edit&section=6" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen USA"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mulatt eksisterte som en kategori i folketellingene i USA til 1930. I sydstatene i USA arvet mulatter slavestatusen hvis moren var slave. I en del områder under spansk eller fransk innflytelse (særlig <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans,_Louisiana" class="mw-redirect" title="New Orleans, Louisiana">New Orleans, Louisiana</a>) var flere mulatter frie og eide selv slaver i tiden før <a href="/wiki/Den_amerikanske_borgerkrigen" title="Den amerikanske borgerkrigen">den amerikanske borgerkrigen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Selv om mulatt vanligvis brukes om personer av dels hvit og dels svart opprinnelse, ble begrepet tidligere også brukt i USA for å betegne andre grupper av blandet opprinnelse. F.eks. ble datteren av en <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">indisk</a> far og en irsk mor, født i Maryland i 1680, klassifisert som mulatt og solgt som slave.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dersom en mulatt fikk barn med en hvit, kaltes avkommet <i>kvadron</i> (<a href="/wiki/Engelsk_spr%C3%A5k" class="mw-redirect" title="Engelsk språk">eng</a>: <i>Quadroon</i>), altså kvart negroid. Avkommet til en <i>kvadron</i> og en hvit ble kalt <i>oktoron</i> (<a href="/wiki/Engelsk_spr%C3%A5k" class="mw-redirect" title="Engelsk språk">eng</a>: <i>Octoroon</i>) dvs. åttendels negroid. «Systemet» ble ofte forstyrret av at der kunne være foreldre som hver seg var blandet. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Problematiske_konnotasjoner">Problematiske konnotasjoner</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mulatt&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Rediger avsnitt: Problematiske konnotasjoner" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mulatt&action=edit&section=7" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Problematiske konnotasjoner"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I Norge, som i mange andre (særlig europeiske) land, er bruken av ordet mulatt svært omdiskutert. Antirasistiske organisasjoner som <a href="/wiki/Afrikan_Youth_in_Norway" title="Afrikan Youth in Norway">Afrikan Youth in Norway</a> er blant de som har engasjert seg i å forsøke å få slutt på bruken av et ord som de mener har negative assosiasjoner.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referanser">Referanser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mulatt&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Rediger avsnitt: Referanser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mulatt&action=edit&section=8" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Referanser"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Robert K. Barnhart. Chambers Dictionary of Etymology, s. 684</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mgar.net/var/esclavos3.htm">Julio Izquierdo Labrado. La esclavitud en Huelva y Palos (1570–1587)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.syriatoday.ca/salloum-arab-lan.htm">Habeeb Salloum. The impact of the Arabic language and culture on English and other European languages</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080630193414/http://www.syriatoday.ca/salloum-arab-lan.htm">Arkivert</a> 2008-06-30, hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Irving L. Allen. The language of ethnic conflict: social organization and lexical culture. Columbia University Press, 1983. <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/0231055579" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0231055579</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/9780231055574" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9780231055574</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0107943.html">http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0107943.html</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0107395.html">http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0107395.html</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0107280.html">http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0107280.html</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0107804.html">http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0107804.html</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190106010801/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2075.html">«CIA – The World Factbook -- Field Listing – Ethnic groups»</a>. Arkivert fra <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2075.html">originalen</a> 6. januar 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 1. april 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AMulatt&rft.btitle=CIA+%E2%80%93+The+World+Factbook+--+Field+Listing+%E2%80%93+Ethnic+groups&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Ffields%2F2075.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Basert på folketellingen i 1960. Befolkningen blir ikke lenger etnisk klassifisert av myndighetene</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0107357.html">http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0107357.html</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kacike.org/MartinezEnglish.pdf">Juan C. Martínez Cruzado. The Use of Mitochondrial DNA to Discover Pre-Columbian Migrations to the Caribbean: Results for Puerto Rico and Expectations for the Dominican Republic. KACIKE: The Journal of Caribbean Amerindian History and Anthropology. 2002</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040622184420/http://www.kacike.org/MartinezEnglish.pdf">Arkivert</a> 22. juni 2004 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.puertorico-herald.org/issues/2003/vol7n50/PRGenePool.html">Puerto Rican Gene Pool Runs Deep</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080628014602/http://www.puertorico-herald.org/issues/2003/vol7n50/PRGenePool.html">Arkivert</a> 28. juni 2008 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibge.gov.br/english/presidencia/noticias/20122002censo.shtm">Last stage of publication of the 2000 Census presents the definitive results, with information about the 5,507 Brazilian municipalities</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/censo2000/populacao/cor_raca_Censo2000.pdf">Populaçăo residente, por cor ou raça, segundo a situaçăo do domicÌlio e os grupos de idade – Brasil</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/condicaodevida/indicadoresminimos/sinteseindicsociais2006/indic_sociais2006.pdf">Sintese de Indicadores Sociais</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070825023323/http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/condicaodevida/indicadoresminimos/sinteseindicsociais2006/indic_sociais2006.pdf">Arkivert</a> 25. august 2007 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090102220406/http://backintyme.com/essays/?p=17">«Frank W. Sweet. Barbadian South Carolina: A Class-Based Color Line»</a>. Arkivert fra <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://backintyme.com/essays/?p=17">originalen</a> 2. januar 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 1. april 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AMulatt&rft.btitle=Frank+W.+Sweet.+Barbadian+South+Carolina%3A+A+Class-Based+Color+Line&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbackintyme.com%2Fessays%2F%3Fp%3D17&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indolink.com/displayArticleS.php?id=111605054006">Francis C. Assisi. Indian-American Scholar Susan Koshy Probes Interracial Sex, 2005</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090130022356/http://www.indolink.com/displayArticleS.php?id=111605054006">Arkivert</a> 30. januar 2009 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110122011857/http://ayin.no/index.php?id=370468">«Arkivert kopi»</a>. Arkivert fra <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ayin.no/index.php?id=370468">originalen</a> 22. januar 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 29. november 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AMulatt&rft.btitle=Arkivert+kopi&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ayin.no%2Findex.php%3Fid%3D370468&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> African Youth in Norway, lest 29.11.2010</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23230704">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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