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class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Column partly projecting from the surface of a wall</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Maison_Carr%C3%A9e,_1st_century_BCE_Corinthian_temple_commissioned_by_Marcus_Agrippa,_Nemausus_(N%C3%AEmes,_France)_(14562056828).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/The_Maison_Carr%C3%A9e%2C_1st_century_BCE_Corinthian_temple_commissioned_by_Marcus_Agrippa%2C_Nemausus_%28N%C3%AEmes%2C_France%29_%2814562056828%29.jpg/220px-The_Maison_Carr%C3%A9e%2C_1st_century_BCE_Corinthian_temple_commissioned_by_Marcus_Agrippa%2C_Nemausus_%28N%C3%AEmes%2C_France%29_%2814562056828%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/The_Maison_Carr%C3%A9e%2C_1st_century_BCE_Corinthian_temple_commissioned_by_Marcus_Agrippa%2C_Nemausus_%28N%C3%AEmes%2C_France%29_%2814562056828%29.jpg/330px-The_Maison_Carr%C3%A9e%2C_1st_century_BCE_Corinthian_temple_commissioned_by_Marcus_Agrippa%2C_Nemausus_%28N%C3%AEmes%2C_France%29_%2814562056828%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/The_Maison_Carr%C3%A9e%2C_1st_century_BCE_Corinthian_temple_commissioned_by_Marcus_Agrippa%2C_Nemausus_%28N%C3%AEmes%2C_France%29_%2814562056828%29.jpg/440px-The_Maison_Carr%C3%A9e%2C_1st_century_BCE_Corinthian_temple_commissioned_by_Marcus_Agrippa%2C_Nemausus_%28N%C3%AEmes%2C_France%29_%2814562056828%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Engaged columns embedded in a side wall of the <a href="/wiki/Cella" title="Cella">cella</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Maison_Carr%C3%A9e" class="mw-redirect" title="Maison Carrée">Maison Carrée</a>, <a href="/wiki/N%C3%AEmes" title="Nîmes">Nîmes</a>, France, unknown architect, 2nd century</figcaption></figure> <p>An <b>engaged column</b> is an <a href="/wiki/Architectural_element" class="mw-redirect" title="Architectural element">architectural element</a> in which a <a href="/wiki/Column" title="Column">column</a> is embedded in a wall and partly projecting from the surface of the wall, which may or may not carry a partial structural load. Sometimes defined as semi- or three-quarter detached,<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> engaged columns are rarely found in <a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Ancient_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Architecture of Ancient Greece">classical Greek architecture</a>, and then only in exceptional cases, but in <a href="/wiki/Roman_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman architecture">Roman architecture</a> they exist in abundance, most commonly embedded in the <a href="/wiki/Cella" title="Cella">cella</a> walls<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of <a href="/wiki/Pseudoperipteral" class="mw-redirect" title="Pseudoperipteral">pseudoperipteral</a> <a href="/wiki/Roman_temple" title="Roman temple">Roman temples</a> and other buildings. </p><p>In the temples it is attached to the cella walls, repeating the columns of the <a href="/wiki/Peristyle" title="Peristyle">peristyle</a>, and in the theatres and amphitheatres, where they subdivided the arched openings: in all these cases engaged columns are utilized as a decorative feature, and as a rule the same proportions are maintained as if they had been isolated columns. In <a href="/wiki/Romanesque_architecture" title="Romanesque architecture">Romanesque</a> work the classic proportions were no longer adhered to; the engaged column, attached to the <a href="/wiki/Pier_(architecture)" title="Pier (architecture)">piers</a>, has always a special function to perform, either to support subsidiary arches, or, raised to the vault, to carry its transverse or diagonal <a href="/wiki/Rib_vault" title="Rib vault">ribs</a>. The same constructional object is followed in the earlier <a href="/wiki/Gothic_architecture" title="Gothic architecture">Gothic styles</a>, in which they become merged into the mouldings. Being virtually always ready made, so far as their design is concerned, they were much affected by the Italian revivalists.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Engaged_column&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 302px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 300px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:26660-_papyrus-shaped_capitals_at_Saqqara.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ancient Egyptian engaged columns of the House of the North, detail of papyrus-shaped capitals, in the Heb-sed court of Djoser's Funerary Complex, Saqqara, Egypt, unknown architect, 2667-2648 BC[2]"><img alt="Ancient Egyptian engaged columns of the House of the North, detail of papyrus-shaped capitals, in the Heb-sed court of Djoser's Funerary Complex, Saqqara, Egypt, unknown architect, 2667-2648 BC[2]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/26660-_papyrus-shaped_capitals_at_Saqqara.jpg/450px-26660-_papyrus-shaped_capitals_at_Saqqara.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/26660-_papyrus-shaped_capitals_at_Saqqara.jpg/675px-26660-_papyrus-shaped_capitals_at_Saqqara.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/26660-_papyrus-shaped_capitals_at_Saqqara.jpg/900px-26660-_papyrus-shaped_capitals_at_Saqqara.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8256" data-file-height="5504" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_architecture" title="Ancient Egyptian architecture">Ancient Egyptian</a> engaged columns of the House of the North, detail of papyrus-shaped capitals, in the <a href="/wiki/Heb-sed_court" class="mw-redirect" title="Heb-sed court">Heb-sed court</a> of <a href="/wiki/Djoser" title="Djoser">Djoser</a>'s Funerary Complex, <a href="/wiki/Saqqara" title="Saqqara">Saqqara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, unknown architect, 2667-2648 BC<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 268.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 266.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Step_Pyramid_complex_of_Djoser_at_Saqqara,_ca._2700_BCE_(19).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ancient Egyptian engaged columns in the Heb-sed court of Djoser's Funerary Complex, unknown architect, 2667-2648 BC"><img alt="Ancient Egyptian engaged columns in the Heb-sed court of Djoser's Funerary Complex, unknown architect, 2667-2648 BC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Step_Pyramid_complex_of_Djoser_at_Saqqara%2C_ca._2700_BCE_%2819%29.jpg/400px-Step_Pyramid_complex_of_Djoser_at_Saqqara%2C_ca._2700_BCE_%2819%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="267" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Step_Pyramid_complex_of_Djoser_at_Saqqara%2C_ca._2700_BCE_%2819%29.jpg/600px-Step_Pyramid_complex_of_Djoser_at_Saqqara%2C_ca._2700_BCE_%2819%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Step_Pyramid_complex_of_Djoser_at_Saqqara%2C_ca._2700_BCE_%2819%29.jpg/800px-Step_Pyramid_complex_of_Djoser_at_Saqqara%2C_ca._2700_BCE_%2819%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ancient Egyptian engaged columns in the Heb-sed court of Djoser's Funerary Complex, unknown architect, 2667-2648 BC</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 228px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 226px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:4-12_Bulevardul_Regina_Elisabeta,_Bucharest_(02).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Engaged columns on the Beaux Arts facade of the University of Bucharest on Strada Edgar Quinet, Bucharest, Romania, by Nicolae Ghika-Budești, in collaboration with Duiliu Marcu, 1914-1934[3]"><img alt="Engaged columns on the Beaux Arts facade of the University of Bucharest on Strada Edgar Quinet, Bucharest, Romania, by Nicolae Ghika-Budești, in collaboration with Duiliu Marcu, 1914-1934[3]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/4-12_Bulevardul_Regina_Elisabeta%2C_Bucharest_%2802%29.jpg/339px-4-12_Bulevardul_Regina_Elisabeta%2C_Bucharest_%2802%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/4-12_Bulevardul_Regina_Elisabeta%2C_Bucharest_%2802%29.jpg/509px-4-12_Bulevardul_Regina_Elisabeta%2C_Bucharest_%2802%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/4-12_Bulevardul_Regina_Elisabeta%2C_Bucharest_%2802%29.jpg/679px-4-12_Bulevardul_Regina_Elisabeta%2C_Bucharest_%2802%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3646" data-file-height="3223" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Engaged columns on the <a href="/wiki/Beaux_Arts_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Beaux Arts architecture">Beaux Arts</a> facade of the University of Bucharest on Strada Edgar Quinet, <a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Ghika-Bude%C8%99ti" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicolae Ghika-Budești">Nicolae Ghika-Budești</a>, in collaboration with <a href="/wiki/Duiliu_Marcu" title="Duiliu Marcu">Duiliu Marcu</a>, 1914-1934<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 264px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 262px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:56_Bulevardul_Dacia,_Bucharest_(01).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Romanian Revival engaged columns on the C.N. Câmpeanu House on Bulevardul Dacia, Bucharest, by Constantin Nănescu, c.1923[4]"><img alt="Romanian Revival engaged columns on the C.N. Câmpeanu House on Bulevardul Dacia, Bucharest, by Constantin Nănescu, c.1923[4]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/56_Bulevardul_Dacia%2C_Bucharest_%2801%29.jpg/393px-56_Bulevardul_Dacia%2C_Bucharest_%2801%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="262" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/56_Bulevardul_Dacia%2C_Bucharest_%2801%29.jpg/589px-56_Bulevardul_Dacia%2C_Bucharest_%2801%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/56_Bulevardul_Dacia%2C_Bucharest_%2801%29.jpg/785px-56_Bulevardul_Dacia%2C_Bucharest_%2801%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3879" data-file-height="2964" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Revival_architecture" title="Romanian Revival architecture">Romanian Revival</a> engaged columns on the C.N. Câmpeanu House on Bulevardul Dacia, Bucharest, by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Constantin_N%C4%83nescu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Constantin Nănescu (page does not exist)">Constantin Nănescu</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr>1923<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 99.333333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 97.333333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1A_Pia%C8%9Ba_Revolu%C8%9Biei,_Bucharest_(02).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Engaged Corinthian columns on the Ministry of Internal Affairs Building, Bucharest, by Emil Nădejde, 1938-1941[5]"><img alt="Engaged Corinthian columns on the Ministry of Internal Affairs Building, Bucharest, by Emil Nădejde, 1938-1941[5]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/1A_Pia%C8%9Ba_Revolu%C8%9Biei%2C_Bucharest_%2802%29.jpg/146px-1A_Pia%C8%9Ba_Revolu%C8%9Biei%2C_Bucharest_%2802%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="98" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/1A_Pia%C8%9Ba_Revolu%C8%9Biei%2C_Bucharest_%2802%29.jpg/219px-1A_Pia%C8%9Ba_Revolu%C8%9Biei%2C_Bucharest_%2802%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/1A_Pia%C8%9Ba_Revolu%C8%9Biei%2C_Bucharest_%2802%29.jpg/292px-1A_Pia%C8%9Ba_Revolu%C8%9Biei%2C_Bucharest_%2802%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2281" data-file-height="4688" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Engaged <a href="/wiki/Corinthian_order" title="Corinthian order">Corinthian</a> columns on the Ministry of Internal Affairs Building, Bucharest, by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Emil_N%C4%83dejde&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emil Nădejde (page does not exist)">Emil Nădejde</a>, 1938-1941<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 141.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 139.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:89_Bulevardul_Eroii_Sanitari,_Bucharest_(03).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mediterranean Revival engaged columns of the Prof. C.A. Teodorescu House on Bulevardul Eroii Sanitari, Bucharest, Ion Giurgea, 1941[6]"><img alt="Mediterranean Revival engaged columns of the Prof. C.A. Teodorescu House on Bulevardul Eroii Sanitari, Bucharest, Ion Giurgea, 1941[6]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/89_Bulevardul_Eroii_Sanitari%2C_Bucharest_%2803%29.jpg/209px-89_Bulevardul_Eroii_Sanitari%2C_Bucharest_%2803%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/89_Bulevardul_Eroii_Sanitari%2C_Bucharest_%2803%29.jpg/314px-89_Bulevardul_Eroii_Sanitari%2C_Bucharest_%2803%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/89_Bulevardul_Eroii_Sanitari%2C_Bucharest_%2803%29.jpg/419px-89_Bulevardul_Eroii_Sanitari%2C_Bucharest_%2803%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2777" data-file-height="3974" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Revival_architecture" title="Mediterranean Revival architecture">Mediterranean Revival</a> engaged columns of the Prof. C.A. Teodorescu House on Bulevardul Eroii Sanitari, Bucharest, Ion Giurgea, 1941<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Engaged_column&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hexastyle" class="mw-redirect" title="Hexastyle">Hexastyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypostyle" title="Hypostyle">Hypostyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octastyle" class="mw-redirect" title="Octastyle">Octastyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peristyle" title="Peristyle">Peristyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilaster" title="Pilaster">Pilaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portico" title="Portico">Portico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrastyle" class="mw-redirect" title="Tetrastyle">Tetrastyle</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Engaged_column&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-EB1911-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> </span>One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Engaged_Column" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Engaged Column">Engaged Column</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 9 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">404–</span>405.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Engaged+Column&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E404-%3C%2Fspan%3E405&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEngaged+column" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobertson2022" class="citation book cs1">Robertson, Hutton (2022). <i>The History of Art - From Prehistory to Presentday - A Global View</i>. Thames & Hudson. p. 90. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-500-02236-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-500-02236-8"><bdi>978-0-500-02236-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Art+-+From+Prehistory+to+Presentday+-+A+Global+View&rft.pages=90&rft.pub=Thames+%26+Hudson&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-0-500-02236-8&rft.aulast=Robertson&rft.aufirst=Hutton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEngaged+column" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMariana_Celac,_Octavian_Carabela_and_Marius_Marcu-Lapadat2017" class="citation book cs1">Mariana Celac, Octavian Carabela and Marius Marcu-Lapadat (2017). <i>Bucharest Architecture - an annotated guide</i>. Ordinul Arhitecților din România. p. 37. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-973-0-23884-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-973-0-23884-6"><bdi>978-973-0-23884-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bucharest+Architecture+-+an+annotated+guide&rft.pages=37&rft.pub=Ordinul+Arhitec%C8%9Bilor+din+Rom%C3%A2nia&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-973-0-23884-6&rft.au=Mariana+Celac%2C+Octavian+Carabela+and+Marius+Marcu-Lapadat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEngaged+column" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoinaroski2013" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Woinaroski, Cristina (2013). <i>Istorie urbană, Lotizarea și Parcul Ioanid din București în context european</i> (in Romanian). SIMETRIA. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-973-1872-30-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-973-1872-30-8"><bdi>978-973-1872-30-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Istorie+urban%C4%83%2C+Lotizarea+%C8%99i+Parcul+Ioanid+din+Bucure%C8%99ti+%C3%AEn+context+european&rft.pub=SIMETRIA&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-973-1872-30-8&rft.aulast=Woinaroski&rft.aufirst=Cristina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEngaged+column" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMariana_Celac,_Octavian_Carabela_and_Marius_Marcu-Lapadat2017" class="citation book cs1">Mariana Celac, Octavian Carabela and Marius Marcu-Lapadat (2017). <i>Bucharest Architecture - an annotated guide</i>. Ordinul Arhitecților din România. p. 62. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-973-0-23884-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-973-0-23884-6"><bdi>978-973-0-23884-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bucharest+Architecture+-+an+annotated+guide&rft.pages=62&rft.pub=Ordinul+Arhitec%C8%9Bilor+din+Rom%C3%A2nia&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-973-0-23884-6&rft.au=Mariana+Celac%2C+Octavian+Carabela+and+Marius+Marcu-Lapadat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEngaged+column" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGhigeanu2022" class="citation book cs1">Ghigeanu, Mădălin (2022). <i>Curentul Mediteraneean în arhitectura interbelică</i>. Vremea. p. 360. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-606-081-135-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-606-081-135-0"><bdi>978-606-081-135-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Curentul+Mediteraneean+%C3%AEn+arhitectura+interbelic%C4%83&rft.pages=360&rft.pub=Vremea&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-606-081-135-0&rft.aulast=Ghigeanu&rft.aufirst=M%C4%83d%C4%83lin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEngaged+column" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li>Stierlin, Henri <i>The Roman Empire: From the Etruscans to the Decline of the Roman Empire</i>, <a href="/wiki/Taschen" title="Taschen">TASCHEN</a>, 2002</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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order">Superposed</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caryatid" title="Caryatid">Caryatid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonnade" title="Colonnade">Colonnade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concatenation_(architecture)" title="Concatenation (architecture)">Concatenation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coupled_column" title="Coupled column">Coupled column</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_architecture#Columns" title="Ancient Egyptian architecture">Egyptian column</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Engaged column</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estipite" title="Estipite">Estipite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercolumniation" title="Intercolumniation">Intercolumniation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knotted_column" title="Knotted column">Knotted column</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_and_Holy_Trinity_columns" title="Marian and Holy Trinity columns">Marian column</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_column" title="Persian column">Persian column</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pier_(architecture)" title="Pier (architecture)">Pier</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Compound_pier" title="Compound pier">Compound pier</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilaster" title="Pilaster">Pilaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piloti" title="Piloti">Piloti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulvino" title="Pulvino">Pulvino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Outram#Cambridge_Judge_Business_School,_1995" title="John Outram">Robot order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomonic_column" title="Solomonic column">Solomonic column</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoa" title="Stoa">Stoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterleaf_(architecture)" title="Waterleaf (architecture)">Waterleaf</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style 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