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Jugular fossa - Wikipedia

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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:whitesmoke">Jugular fossa</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Jugular_fossa.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Jugular_fossa.PNG/250px-Jugular_fossa.PNG" decoding="async" width="250" height="407" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Jugular_fossa.PNG/375px-Jugular_fossa.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Jugular_fossa.PNG/500px-Jugular_fossa.PNG 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="977" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Base of the skull. Inferior surface. Jugular fossa labeled in purple near center.</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray911.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Gray911.png/250px-Gray911.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Gray911.png/375px-Gray911.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Gray911.png/500px-Gray911.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="338" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">View of the inner wall of the <a href="/wiki/Eardrum" title="Eardrum">tympanum</a>. (Jugular fossa visible at bottom.)</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em">Part of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Temporal_bone" title="Temporal bone">Temporal bone</a> of <a href="/wiki/Skull" title="Skull">skull</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>fossa jugularis ossis temporalis</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA98</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ifaa.unifr.ch/Public/EntryPage/TA98%20Tree/Entity%20TA98%20EN/02.1.06.041%20Entity%20TA98%20EN.htm">A02.1.06.041</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA2</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ta2viewer.openanatomy.org/?id=678">678</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Foundational_Model_of_Anatomy" title="Foundational Model of Anatomy">FMA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/FMA/?p=classes&amp;conceptid=http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.org%2Fsig%2Font%2Ffma%2Ffma56429">56429</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terms_of_bone" title="Anatomical terms of bone">Anatomical terms of bone</a><div style="text-align: right;"><small class="noprint">&#91;<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6304968" class="extiw" title="d:Q6304968">edit on Wikidata</a>]</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>jugular fossa</b> is a deep depression (<a href="/wiki/Fossa_(anatomy)" title="Fossa (anatomy)">fossa</a>) in the inferior part of the <a href="/wiki/Temporal_bone" title="Temporal bone">temporal bone</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Base_of_the_skull" class="mw-redirect" title="Base of the skull">base of the skull</a>. It lodges the bulb of the <a href="/wiki/Internal_jugular_vein" title="Internal jugular vein">internal jugular vein</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jugular_fossa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The jugular fossa is located in the <a href="/wiki/Temporal_bone" title="Temporal bone">temporal bone</a>, posterior to the <a href="/wiki/Carotid_canal" title="Carotid canal">carotid canal</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Cochlear_aqueduct" title="Cochlear aqueduct">cochlear aqueduct</a>. </p><p>In the bony ridge dividing the carotid canal from the jugular fossa is the small inferior tympanic canaliculus for the passage of the tympanic branch of the <a href="/wiki/Glossopharyngeal_nerve" title="Glossopharyngeal nerve">glossopharyngeal nerve</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Gray&#39;s_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gray&#39;s-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the lateral part of the jugular fossa is the <a href="/wiki/Mastoid_canaliculus" title="Mastoid canaliculus">mastoid canaliculus</a> for the entrance of the <a href="/wiki/Auricular_branch_of_vagus_nerve" title="Auricular branch of vagus nerve">auricular branch</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Vagus_nerve" title="Vagus nerve">vagus nerve</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Gray&#39;s_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gray&#39;s-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Behind the jugular fossa is a quadrilateral area, the jugular surface, covered with cartilage in the fresh state, and articulating with the jugular process of the <a href="/wiki/Occipital_bone" title="Occipital bone">occipital bone</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Gray&#39;s_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gray&#39;s-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Variation">Variation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jugular_fossa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Variation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The jugular fossa has variable depth and size in different skulls. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Function">Function</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jugular_fossa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Function"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The jugular fossa lodges the bulb of the <a href="/wiki/Internal_jugular_vein" title="Internal jugular vein">internal jugular vein</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Gray&#39;s_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gray&#39;s-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Clinical_significance">Clinical significance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jugular_fossa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Clinical significance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Abnormally shaped jugular fossae may cause ear problems.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> If it lies close to the <a href="/wiki/Cochlea" title="Cochlea">cochlea</a>, it may cause <a href="/wiki/Tinnitus" title="Tinnitus">tinnitus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> A high jugular fossa may be linked to <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9ni%C3%A8re%27s_disease" title="Ménière&#39;s disease">Ménière's disease</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jugular_fossa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fossa_(anatomy)" title="Fossa (anatomy)">Fossa (anatomy)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Additional_images">Additional images</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jugular_fossa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: Additional images"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray141.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Left temporal bone. Inferior surface. (Label for jugular fossa at left, sixth from bottom.)"><img alt="Left temporal bone. Inferior surface. (Label for jugular fossa at left, sixth from bottom.)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Gray141.png/120px-Gray141.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Gray141.png/180px-Gray141.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Gray141.png/240px-Gray141.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="495" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Left <a href="/wiki/Temporal_bone" title="Temporal bone">temporal bone</a>. Inferior surface. (Label for jugular fossa at left, sixth from bottom.)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Temporal_bone1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Temporal bone"><img alt="Temporal bone" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Temporal_bone1.jpg/120px-Temporal_bone1.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Temporal_bone1.jpg/180px-Temporal_bone1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Temporal_bone1.jpg/240px-Temporal_bone1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3168" data-file-height="2376" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Temporal bone</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jugular_fossa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Gray&#39;s-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gray&#39;s_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gray&#39;s_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gray&#39;s_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gray&#39;s_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> <i>One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a> from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/anatomyofhumanbo1918gray#page/144/mode/2up">page 144</a> of&#160; the 20th edition of <a href="/wiki/Gray%27s_Anatomy" title="Gray&#39;s Anatomy">Gray's Anatomy</a> (1918)</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWadinThomanderWilbrand1986" class="citation journal cs1">Wadin, K.; Thomander, L.; Wilbrand, H. (1986-11-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177/028418518602700603">"Effects of a High Jugular Fossa and Jugular Bulb Diverticulum on the Inner Ear: A Clinical and Radiologic Investigation"</a>. <i>Acta Radiologica. Diagnosis</i>. <b>27</b> (6): 629–636. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F028418518602700603">10.1177/028418518602700603</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0567-8056">0567-8056</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3101406">3101406</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Acta+Radiologica.+Diagnosis&amp;rft.atitle=Effects+of+a+High+Jugular+Fossa+and+Jugular+Bulb+Diverticulum+on+the+Inner+Ear%3A+A+Clinical+and+Radiologic+Investigation&amp;rft.volume=27&amp;rft.issue=6&amp;rft.pages=629-636&amp;rft.date=1986-11-01&amp;rft.issn=0567-8056&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F3101406&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F028418518602700603&amp;rft.aulast=Wadin&amp;rft.aufirst=K.&amp;rft.au=Thomander%2C+L.&amp;rft.au=Wilbrand%2C+H.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1177%2F028418518602700603&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJugular+fossa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jugular_fossa&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060416081054/http://face-and-emotion.com/dataface/anatomy/skullviews.jsp">Picture (#32 on third diagram)</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120722052131/http://www.tk.de/rochelexikon/pics/s34257.000-1.html">"Anatomy diagram: 34257.000-1"</a>. <i>Roche Lexicon - illustrated navigator</i>. Elsevier. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tk.de/rochelexikon/pics/s34257.000-1.html">the original</a> on 2012-07-22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Roche+Lexicon+-+illustrated+navigator&amp;rft.atitle=Anatomy+diagram%3A+34257.000-1&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tk.de%2Frochelexikon%2Fpics%2Fs34257.000-1.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJugular+fossa" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Neurocranium" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Neurocranium"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Neurocranium_of_the_skull" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Neurocranium" title="Neurocranium">Neurocranium</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Human_skull" class="mw-redirect" title="Human skull">skull</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Occipital_bone" title="Occipital bone">Occipital</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Squama_occipitalis" class="mw-redirect" title="Squama occipitalis">Squamous part</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>external</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inion" class="mw-redirect" title="Inion">Inion</a>/<a href="/wiki/External_occipital_protuberance" title="External occipital protuberance">External occipital protuberance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occipital_bun" title="Occipital bun">Occipital bun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/External_occipital_crest" title="External occipital crest">External occipital crest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuchal_lines" title="Nuchal lines">Nuchal lines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suprainiac_fossa" title="Suprainiac fossa">Suprainiac fossa</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>planes</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Occipital_plane" class="mw-redirect" title="Occipital plane">Occipital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuchal_plane" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuchal plane">Nuchal</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>internal</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cruciform_eminence" title="Cruciform eminence">Cruciform eminence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internal_occipital_protuberance" title="Internal occipital protuberance">Internal occipital protuberance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internal_occipital_crest" title="Internal occipital crest">Internal occipital crest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groove_for_transverse_sinus" title="Groove for transverse sinus">Groove for transverse sinus</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lateral_parts_of_occipital_bone" title="Lateral parts of occipital bone">Lateral parts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Occipital_condyle" class="mw-redirect" title="Occipital condyle">Condyle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Condyloid_fossa" title="Condyloid fossa">Condyloid fossa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Condylar_canal" title="Condylar canal">Condylar canal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypoglossal_canal" title="Hypoglossal canal">Hypoglossal canal</a></li> <li><i>jugular</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jugular_process" title="Jugular process">Jugular process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jugular_tubercle" title="Jugular tubercle">Jugular tubercle</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Basilar_part_of_occipital_bone" title="Basilar part of occipital bone">Basilar part</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pharyngeal_tubercle" title="Pharyngeal tubercle">Pharyngeal tubercle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clivus_(anatomy)" title="Clivus (anatomy)">Clivus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foramen_magnum" title="Foramen magnum">Foramen magnum</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basion" class="mw-redirect" title="Basion">Basion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opisthion" class="mw-redirect" title="Opisthion">Opisthion</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Parietal_bone" title="Parietal bone">Parietal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parietal_eminence" title="Parietal eminence">Parietal eminence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temporal_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Temporal line">Temporal line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parietal_foramina" title="Parietal foramina">Parietal foramen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sagittal_sulcus" title="Sagittal sulcus">Sagittal sulcus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sagittal_keel" title="Sagittal keel">Sagittal keel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sagittal_crest" title="Sagittal crest">Sagittal crest</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Frontal_bone" title="Frontal bone">Frontal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Squama_frontalis" class="mw-redirect" title="Squama frontalis">Squamous part</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frontal_suture" title="Frontal suture">Frontal suture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frontal_eminence" title="Frontal eminence">Frontal eminence</a></li> <li><i>external</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Superciliary_arches" class="mw-redirect" title="Superciliary arches">Superciliary arches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glabella" title="Glabella">Glabella</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>foramina</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supraorbital_foramen" title="Supraorbital foramen">Supraorbital foramen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brow_ridge" title="Brow ridge">Brow ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foramen_cecum_(frontal_bone)" title="Foramen cecum (frontal bone)">Foramen cecum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zygomatic_process_of_frontal_bone" class="mw-redirect" title="Zygomatic process of frontal bone">Zygomatic process</a></li> <li><i>internal</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sagittal_sulcus" title="Sagittal sulcus">Sagittal sulcus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frontal_crest" title="Frontal crest">Frontal crest</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Orbital_part_of_frontal_bone" title="Orbital part of frontal bone">Orbital part</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethmoidal_notch" title="Ethmoidal notch">Ethmoidal notch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fossa_for_lacrimal_gland" title="Fossa for lacrimal gland">Fossa for lacrimal gland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trochlear_fovea" title="Trochlear fovea">Trochlear fovea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frontal_sinus" title="Frontal sinus">Frontal sinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frontonasal_duct" title="Frontonasal duct">Frontonasal duct</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Temporal_bone" title="Temporal bone">Temporal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Squama_temporalis" class="mw-redirect" title="Squama temporalis">Squamous part</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Articular_tubercle" title="Articular tubercle">Articular tubercle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suprameatal_triangle" title="Suprameatal triangle">Suprameatal triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandibular_fossa" title="Mandibular fossa">Mandibular fossa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrotympanic_fissure" title="Petrotympanic fissure">Petrotympanic fissure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zygomatic_process_of_temporal_bone" class="mw-redirect" title="Zygomatic process of temporal bone">Zygomatic process</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mastoid_part_of_the_temporal_bone" title="Mastoid part of the temporal bone">Mastoid part</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mastoid_foramen" title="Mastoid foramen">Mastoid foramen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mastoid_process" class="mw-redirect" title="Mastoid process">Mastoid process</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mastoid_cells" title="Mastoid cells">Mastoid cells</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mastoid_notch" class="mw-redirect" title="Mastoid notch">Mastoid notch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occipital_groove" class="mw-redirect" title="Occipital groove">Occipital groove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigmoid_sulcus" title="Sigmoid sulcus">Sigmoid sulcus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mastoid_antrum" title="Mastoid antrum">Mastoid antrum</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aditus_to_mastoid_antrum" title="Aditus to mastoid antrum">Aditus</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Petrous_part_of_the_temporal_bone" title="Petrous part of the temporal bone">Petrous part</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carotid_canal" title="Carotid canal">Carotid canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facial_canal" title="Facial canal">Facial canal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hiatus_for_greater_petrosal_nerve" title="Hiatus for greater petrosal nerve">Hiatus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internal_auditory_meatus" title="Internal auditory meatus">Internal auditory meatus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cochlear_aqueduct" title="Cochlear aqueduct">Cochlear aqueduct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stylomastoid_foramen" title="Stylomastoid foramen">Stylomastoid foramen</a></li> <li><i>fossae</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Subarcuate_fossa" title="Subarcuate fossa">Subarcuate fossa</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jugular fossa</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>canaliculi</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inferior_tympanic_canaliculus" class="mw-redirect" title="Inferior tympanic canaliculus">Inferior tympanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mastoid_canaliculus" title="Mastoid canaliculus">Mastoid</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temporal_styloid_process" title="Temporal styloid process">Styloid process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrosquamous_suture" title="Petrosquamous suture">Petrosquamous suture</a></li> <li><i>(note: <a href="/wiki/Ossicles" title="Ossicles">ossicles</a> in petrous part, but not part of temporal bone)</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tympanic_part_of_the_temporal_bone" title="Tympanic part of the temporal bone">Tympanic part</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suprameatal_spine" title="Suprameatal spine">Suprameatal spine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sphenoid_bone" title="Sphenoid bone">Sphenoid</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Surfaces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Superior surface:</i> <a href="/wiki/Sella_turcica" title="Sella turcica">Sella turcica</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dorsum_sellae" title="Dorsum sellae">Dorsum sellae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuberculum_sellae" title="Tuberculum sellae">Tuberculum sellae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypophysial_fossa" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypophysial fossa">Hypophysial fossa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posterior_clinoid_processes" title="Posterior clinoid processes">Posterior clinoid processes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethmoidal_spine" title="Ethmoidal spine">Ethmoidal spine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiasmatic_groove" title="Chiasmatic groove">Chiasmatic groove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_clinoid_process" title="Middle clinoid process">Middle clinoid process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrosal_process" title="Petrosal process">Petrosal process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clivus_(anatomy)" title="Clivus (anatomy)">Clivus</a></li> <li><i>Lateral surface:</i> <a href="/wiki/Carotid_groove" title="Carotid groove">Carotid groove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sphenoidal_lingula" title="Sphenoidal lingula">Sphenoidal lingula</a></li> <li><i>Anterior surface:</i> <a href="/wiki/Sphenoidal_sinus" class="mw-redirect" title="Sphenoidal sinus">Sphenoidal sinuses</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Greater_wing_of_sphenoid_bone" title="Greater wing of sphenoid bone">Great wings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>foramina</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foramen_rotundum" title="Foramen rotundum">Rotundum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foramen_ovale_(skull)" title="Foramen ovale (skull)">Ovale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sphenoidal_emissary_foramen" title="Sphenoidal emissary foramen">Vesalii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foramen_spinosum" title="Foramen spinosum">Spinosum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spine_of_sphenoid_bone" title="Spine of sphenoid bone">Spine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infratemporal_crest" title="Infratemporal crest">Infratemporal crest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulcus_of_auditory_tube" title="Sulcus of auditory tube">Sulcus of auditory tube</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lesser_wing_of_sphenoid_bone" title="Lesser wing of sphenoid bone">Small wings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Superior_orbital_fissure" title="Superior orbital fissure">Superior orbital fissure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anterior_clinoid_process" title="Anterior clinoid process">Anterior clinoid process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optic_canal" title="Optic canal">Optic canal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pterygoid_processes_of_the_sphenoid" title="Pterygoid processes of the sphenoid">Pterygoid<br />processes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>fossae</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pterygoid_fossa" title="Pterygoid fossa">Pterygoid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scaphoid_fossa" title="Scaphoid fossa">Scaphoid</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>pterygoid plates</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lateral_pterygoid_plate" class="mw-redirect" title="Lateral pterygoid plate">Lateral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medial_pterygoid_plate" class="mw-redirect" title="Medial pterygoid plate">Medial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pterygoid_canal" title="Pterygoid canal">Pterygoid canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pterygoid_hamulus" title="Pterygoid hamulus">Hamulus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Body_of_sphenoid_bone" title="Body of sphenoid bone">Body</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sphenoidal_conchae" title="Sphenoidal conchae">Sphenoidal conchae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ethmoid_bone" title="Ethmoid bone">Ethmoid</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Plates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cribriform_plate" title="Cribriform plate">Cribriform plate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crista_galli" title="Crista galli">Crista galli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olfactory_foramina" title="Olfactory foramina">Olfactory foramina</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpendicular_plate_of_ethmoid_bone" title="Perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone">Perpendicular plate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Surfaces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Lateral surface</i> <a href="/wiki/Orbital_lamina_of_ethmoid_bone" title="Orbital lamina of ethmoid bone">Orbital lamina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncinate_process_of_ethmoid_bone" title="Uncinate process of ethmoid bone">Uncinate process</a></li> <li><i>Medial surface</i> <a href="/wiki/Supreme_nasal_concha" title="Supreme nasal concha">Supreme nasal concha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superior_nasal_concha" title="Superior nasal concha">Superior nasal concha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superior_meatus" class="mw-redirect" title="Superior meatus">Superior meatus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_nasal_concha" title="Middle nasal concha">Middle nasal concha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_meatus" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle meatus">Middle meatus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Labyrinth_of_ethmoid" class="mw-redirect" title="Labyrinth of ethmoid">Labyrinth</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethmoid_sinus" title="Ethmoid sinus">Ethmoid sinus</a></li> <li><i>ethmoidal foramina</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Posterior_ethmoidal_foramen" title="Posterior ethmoidal foramen">Posterior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anterior_ethmoidal_foramen" title="Anterior ethmoidal foramen">Anterior</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 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