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vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Function"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Function</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Function-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Function subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Function-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cardiac_effects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cardiac_effects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Cardiac effects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cardiac_effects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Urogenital_and_hormonal_effects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Urogenital_and_hormonal_effects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Urogenital and hormonal effects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Urogenital_and_hormonal_effects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Clinical_significance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clinical_significance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Clinical significance</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Clinical_significance-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Clinical significance subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Clinical_significance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Stimulation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stimulation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Stimulation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stimulation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vagotomy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vagotomy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Vagotomy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vagotomy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vagus_nerve_pathology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vagus_nerve_pathology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Vagus nerve pathology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vagus_nerve_pathology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cluster_headaches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cluster_headaches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Cluster headaches</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cluster_headaches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Etymology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Etymology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Additional_illustrations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Additional_illustrations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Additional illustrations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Additional_illustrations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Vagus nerve</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 47 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-47" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">47 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B5%D8%A8_%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%87%D9%85" title="عصب مبهم – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عصب مبهم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azan_sinir" title="Azan sinir – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Azan sinir" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B5%D1%89_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2" title="Блуждаещ нерв – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Блуждаещ нерв" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nerv_lutalac" title="Nerv lutalac – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Nerv lutalac" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nervi_vague" title="Nervi vague – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nervi vague" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloudiv%C3%BD_nerv" title="Bloudivý nerv – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bloudivý nerv" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nervus_vagus" title="Nervus vagus – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Nervus vagus" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nervus_vagus" title="Nervus vagus – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nervus vagus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uitn%C3%A4rv" title="Uitnärv – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Uitnärv" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%85%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%8D%CF%81%CE%BF" title="Πνευμονογαστρικό νεύρο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πνευμονογαστρικό νεύρο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nervio_vago" title="Nervio vago – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nervio vago" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vago" title="Vago – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Vago" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nerbio_bago" title="Nerbio bago – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Nerbio bago" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B5%D8%A8_%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%AF" title="عصب واگ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="عصب واگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nerf_vague" title="Nerf vague – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nerf vague" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_n%C3%A9ar%C3%B3g_l%C3%BAbach" title="An néaróg lúbach – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An néaróg lúbach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nervio_vago" title="Nervio vago – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Nervio vago" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%8B%A0%EA%B2%BD" title="미주신경 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="미주신경" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%A1%D6%83%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%B8%D5%B2_%D5%B6%D5%B5%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A4" title="Թափառող նյարդ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Թափառող նյարդ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="वेगस तंत्रिका – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="वेगस तंत्रिका" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saraf_vagus" title="Saraf vagus – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Saraf vagus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nervo_vago" title="Nervo vago – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nervo vago" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%A6%D7%91_%D7%94%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%94" title="העצב התועה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="העצב התועה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B6%D2%AF%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%96" title="Кезеген жүйкесі – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Кезеген жүйкесі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nervus_vagus" title="Nervus vagus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Nervus vagus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klejot%C4%81jnervs" title="Klejotājnervs – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Klejotājnervs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klajoklinis_nervas" title="Klajoklinis nervas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Klajoklinis nervas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolyg%C3%B3ideg" title="Bolygóideg – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bolygóideg" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2_%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Нерв луталник – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Нерв луталник" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nervus_vagus" title="Nervus vagus – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Nervus vagus" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BF%B7%E8%B5%B0%E7%A5%9E%E7%B5%8C" title="迷走神経 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="迷走神経" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nervus_vagus" title="Nervus vagus – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Nervus vagus" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A8rvi_vague" title="Nèrvi vague – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Nèrvi vague" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nerw_b%C5%82%C4%99dny" title="Nerw błędny – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nerw błędny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nervo_vago" title="Nervo vago – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Nervo vago" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nerv_vag" title="Nerv vag – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Nerv vag" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%8E%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2" title="Блуждающий нерв – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Блуждающий нерв" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vagusni_%C5%BEivec" title="Vagusni živec – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Vagusni živec" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%86_%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86" title="Живац луталац – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Живац луталац" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDivac_lutalac" title="Živac lutalac – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Živac lutalac" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiert%C3%A4j%C3%A4hermo" title="Kiertäjähermo – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kiertäjähermo" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vagusnerven" title="Vagusnerven – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Main nerve of the parasympathetic nervous system</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:lemonchiffon">Vagus nerve</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray791.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Gray791.png/250px-Gray791.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="251" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Gray791.png/375px-Gray791.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5e/Gray791.png 2x" data-file-width="449" data-file-height="450" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Plan of the upper portions of the <a href="/wiki/Glossopharyngeal_nerve" title="Glossopharyngeal nerve">glossopharyngeal</a>, vagus, and <a href="/wiki/Accessory_nerve" title="Accessory nerve">accessory nerves</a>.</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray793.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Gray793.png/250px-Gray793.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="579" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Gray793.png/375px-Gray793.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4b/Gray793.png 2x" data-file-width="432" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Course and distribution of the <a href="/wiki/Glossopharyngeal_nerve" title="Glossopharyngeal nerve">glossopharyngeal</a>, vagus, and <a href="/wiki/Accessory_nerve" title="Accessory nerve">accessory nerves</a>.</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em">Innervates</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Levator_veli_palatini" title="Levator veli palatini">Levator veli palatini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salpingopharyngeus_muscle" title="Salpingopharyngeus muscle">salpingopharyngeus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palatoglossus_muscle" title="Palatoglossus muscle">palatoglossus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palatopharyngeus_muscle" title="Palatopharyngeus muscle">palatopharyngeus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Superior_pharyngeal_constrictor" class="mw-redirect" title="Superior pharyngeal constrictor">superior pharyngeal constrictor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Middle_pharyngeal_constrictor" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle pharyngeal constrictor">middle pharyngeal constrictor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inferior_pharyngeal_constrictor_muscle" title="Inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle">inferior pharyngeal constrictor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Organ_(biology)#Viscera" title="Organ (biology)">viscera</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>nervus vagus</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D014630">D014630</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/NeuroNames" title="NeuroNames">NeuroNames</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=702">702</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA98</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ifaa.unifr.ch/Public/EntryPage/TA98%20Tree/Entity%20TA98%20EN/14.2.01.153%20Entity%20TA98%20EN.htm">A14.2.01.153</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA2</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ta2viewer.openanatomy.org/?id=6332">6332</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Foundational_Model_of_Anatomy" title="Foundational Model of Anatomy">FMA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/FMA/?p=classes&conceptid=http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.org%2Fsig%2Font%2Ffma%2Ffma5731">5731</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terms_of_neuroanatomy" title="Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy">Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy</a><div style="text-align: right;"><small class="noprint">[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190140" class="extiw" title="d:Q190140">edit on Wikidata</a>]</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="margin: 0.5em 0 0.5em 1em; width:auto; border-collapse: collapse;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="background:#ccccff;font-size:110%"><a href="/wiki/Cranial_nerves" title="Cranial nerves">Cranial nerves</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="text-align:left; padding-left:0.5em; padding-right:0.5em;"> <ul><li>CN 0 – <a href="/wiki/Terminal_nerve" title="Terminal nerve">Terminal</a></li> <li>CN I – <a href="/wiki/Olfactory_nerve" title="Olfactory nerve">Olfactory</a></li> <li>CN II – <a href="/wiki/Optic_nerve" title="Optic nerve">Optic</a></li> <li>CN III – <a href="/wiki/Oculomotor_nerve" title="Oculomotor nerve">Oculomotor</a></li> <li>CN IV – <a href="/wiki/Trochlear_nerve" title="Trochlear nerve">Trochlear</a></li> <li>CN V – <a href="/wiki/Trigeminal_nerve" title="Trigeminal nerve">Trigeminal</a></li> <li>CN VI – <a href="/wiki/Abducens_nerve" title="Abducens nerve">Abducens</a></li> <li>CN VII – <a href="/wiki/Facial_nerve" title="Facial nerve"> Facial</a></li> <li>CN VIII – <a href="/wiki/Vestibulocochlear_nerve" title="Vestibulocochlear nerve">Vestibulocochlear</a></li> <li>CN IX – <a href="/wiki/Glossopharyngeal_nerve" title="Glossopharyngeal nerve">Glossopharyngeal</a></li> <li>CN X – <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vagus</a></li> <li>CN XI – <a href="/wiki/Accessory_nerve" title="Accessory nerve">Accessory</a></li> <li>CN XII – <a href="/wiki/Hypoglossal_nerve" title="Hypoglossal nerve">Hypoglossal</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cranial_nerves" title="Cranial nerves">Overview</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Table_of_cranial_nerves" title="Table of cranial nerves">Table</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="padding-right:0.3em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cranial_nerves_short" title="Template:Cranial nerves short"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cranial_nerves_short" title="Template talk:Cranial nerves short"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cranial_nerves_short" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cranial nerves short"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>vagus nerve</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'v' in 'vie'">v</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span><span title="/./: syllable break">.</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span></span>/</a></span></span>), also known as the <b>tenth cranial nerve</b>, <b>cranial nerve X</b>, or simply <b>CN X</b>, is a <a href="/wiki/Cranial_nerve" class="mw-redirect" title="Cranial nerve">cranial nerve</a> that carries sensory fibers that create a pathway that interfaces with the <a href="/wiki/Parasympathetic" class="mw-redirect" title="Parasympathetic">parasympathetic</a> control of the <a href="/wiki/Heart" title="Heart">heart</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lung" title="Lung">lungs</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Digestive_tract" class="mw-redirect" title="Digestive tract">digestive tract</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It comprises two nerves—the left and right vagus nerves, each containing about 100,000 fibres—but they are typically referred to collectively as a single subsystem. </p><p>The vagus is the longest nerve of the <a href="/wiki/Autonomic_nervous_system" title="Autonomic nervous system">autonomic nervous system</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Human_body" title="Human body">human body</a> and comprises both sensory and motor fibers. The sensory fibers have their nuclei either in the <a href="/wiki/Jugular_ganglion" class="mw-redirect" title="Jugular ganglion">jugular</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Nodose_ganglion" class="mw-redirect" title="Nodose ganglion">nodose ganglion</a>, whereas the motor fibers come from neurons of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus and the <a href="/wiki/Nucleus_ambiguus" title="Nucleus ambiguus">nucleus ambiguus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Walker_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Walker-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The vagus was also historically called the <b>pneumogastric nerve</b>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vagus_nerve&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Upon leaving the <a href="/wiki/Medulla_oblongata" title="Medulla oblongata">medulla oblongata</a> between the <a href="/wiki/Olivary_body" title="Olivary body">olive</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Inferior_cerebellar_peduncle" title="Inferior cerebellar peduncle">inferior cerebellar peduncle</a>, the vagus nerve extends through the <a href="/wiki/Jugular_foramen" title="Jugular foramen">jugular foramen</a>, then passes into the <a href="/wiki/Carotid_sheath" title="Carotid sheath">carotid sheath</a> between the <a href="/wiki/Internal_carotid_artery" title="Internal carotid artery">internal carotid artery</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Internal_jugular_vein" title="Internal jugular vein">internal jugular vein</a> down to the <a href="/wiki/Neck" title="Neck">neck</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chest" class="mw-redirect" title="Chest">chest</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Abdomen" title="Abdomen">abdomen</a>, where it contributes to the innervation of the <a href="/wiki/Viscera" class="mw-redirect" title="Viscera">viscera</a>, reaching all the way to the <a href="/wiki/Large_intestine" title="Large intestine">colon</a>. Besides giving some output to various organs, the vagus nerve comprises between 80% and 90% of <a href="/wiki/Afferent_nerve" class="mw-redirect" title="Afferent nerve">afferent nerves</a> mostly conveying <a href="/wiki/Sense" title="Sense">sensory</a> information about the state of the body's organs to the <a href="/wiki/Central_nervous_system" title="Central nervous system">central nervous system</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The right and left vagus nerves descend from the cranial vault through the jugular foramina,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> penetrating the carotid sheath between the internal and external carotid arteries, then passing posterolateral to the common carotid artery. The cell bodies of <a href="/wiki/General_visceral_afferent_fibers" class="mw-redirect" title="General visceral afferent fibers">visceral afferent</a> fibers of the vagus nerve are located bilaterally in the <a href="/wiki/Inferior_ganglion_of_vagus_nerve" title="Inferior ganglion of vagus nerve">inferior ganglion of the vagus nerve</a> (nodose ganglia). </p><p>The vagus runs parallel to the common carotid artery and internal jugular vein inside the carotid sheath. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Slide6rom.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Slide6rom.JPG/220px-Slide6rom.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Slide6rom.JPG/330px-Slide6rom.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Slide6rom.JPG/440px-Slide6rom.JPG 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>Vagus nerve</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Slide1EBA.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Slide1EBA.JPG/220px-Slide1EBA.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Slide1EBA.JPG/330px-Slide1EBA.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Slide1EBA.JPG/440px-Slide1EBA.JPG 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>Vagus nerve</figcaption></figure> <p>The right vagus nerve gives rise to the right <a href="/wiki/Recurrent_laryngeal_nerve" title="Recurrent laryngeal nerve">recurrent laryngeal nerve</a>, which hooks around the right <a href="/wiki/Subclavian_artery" title="Subclavian artery">subclavian artery</a> and ascends into the neck between the <a href="/wiki/Trachea" title="Trachea">trachea</a> and <a href="/wiki/Esophagus" title="Esophagus">esophagus</a>. The right vagus then crosses anterior to the right subclavian artery, runs posterior to the <a href="/wiki/Superior_vena_cava" title="Superior vena cava">superior vena cava</a>, descends posterior to the <a href="/wiki/Right_main_bronchus" class="mw-redirect" title="Right main bronchus">right main bronchus</a>, and contributes to <a href="/wiki/Cardiac_plexus" title="Cardiac plexus">cardiac</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pulmonary_plexus" title="Pulmonary plexus">pulmonary</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Esophageal_plexus" title="Esophageal plexus">esophageal plexuses</a>. It forms the <a href="/wiki/Posterior_vagal_trunk" title="Posterior vagal trunk">posterior vagal trunk</a> at the lower part of the esophagus and enters the <a href="/wiki/Thoracic_diaphragm" title="Thoracic diaphragm">diaphragm</a> through the <a href="/wiki/Esophageal_hiatus" title="Esophageal hiatus">esophageal hiatus</a>. </p><p>The left vagus nerve enters the <a href="/wiki/Thorax" title="Thorax">thorax</a> between <a href="/wiki/Left_common_carotid_artery" class="mw-redirect" title="Left common carotid artery">left common carotid artery</a> and left <a href="/wiki/Subclavian_artery" title="Subclavian artery">subclavian artery</a> and descends on the <a href="/wiki/Aortic_arch" title="Aortic arch">aortic arch</a>. It gives rise to the left <a href="/wiki/Recurrent_laryngeal_nerve" title="Recurrent laryngeal nerve">recurrent laryngeal nerve</a>, which hooks around the <a href="/wiki/Aortic_arch" title="Aortic arch">aortic arch</a> to the left of the <a href="/wiki/Ligamentum_arteriosum" title="Ligamentum arteriosum">ligamentum arteriosum</a> and ascends between the trachea and esophagus. The left vagus further gives off thoracic cardiac branches, breaks up into the <a href="/wiki/Pulmonary_plexus" title="Pulmonary plexus">pulmonary plexus</a>, continues into the esophageal plexus, and enters the abdomen as the <a href="/wiki/Anterior_vagal_trunk" title="Anterior vagal trunk">anterior vagal trunk</a> in the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Branches">Branches</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vagus_nerve&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Branches"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pharyngeal_branch_of_vagus_nerve" title="Pharyngeal branch of vagus nerve">Pharyngeal nerve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superior_laryngeal_nerve" title="Superior laryngeal nerve">Superior laryngeal nerve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aortic_nerve" title="Aortic nerve">Aortic nerve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superior_cervical_cardiac_branches_of_vagus_nerve" class="mw-redirect" title="Superior cervical cardiac branches of vagus nerve">Superior cervical cardiac branches of vagus nerve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inferior_cervical_cardiac_branch" class="mw-redirect" title="Inferior cervical cardiac branch">Inferior cervical cardiac branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recurrent_laryngeal_nerve" title="Recurrent laryngeal nerve">Recurrent laryngeal nerve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardiac_branches_of_the_vagus_nerve" title="Cardiac branches of the vagus nerve">Thoracic cardiac branches</a></li> <li>Branches to the <a href="/wiki/Pulmonary_plexus" title="Pulmonary plexus">pulmonary plexus</a></li> <li>Branches to the <a href="/wiki/Esophageal_plexus" title="Esophageal plexus">esophageal plexus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anterior_vagal_trunk" title="Anterior vagal trunk">Anterior vagal trunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posterior_vagal_trunk" title="Posterior vagal trunk">Posterior vagal trunk</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nuclei">Nuclei</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vagus_nerve&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Nuclei"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The vagus nerve includes <a href="/wiki/Axon" title="Axon">axons</a> which emerge from or converge onto four <a href="/wiki/Cranial_nerve_nucleus" title="Cranial nerve nucleus">nuclei</a> of the medulla: </p> <ol><li>The <a href="/wiki/Dorsal_nucleus_of_vagus_nerve" title="Dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve">dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve</a> – which sends <a href="/wiki/Parasympathetic_nervous_system" title="Parasympathetic nervous system">parasympathetic</a> output to the viscera, especially the intestines</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Nucleus_ambiguus" title="Nucleus ambiguus">nucleus ambiguus</a> – which gives rise to the branchial efferent motor fibers of the vagus nerve and preganglionic parasympathetic neurons that innervate the heart</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Solitary_nucleus" title="Solitary nucleus">solitary nucleus</a> – which receives afferent taste information and primary afferents from visceral organs</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Spinal_trigeminal_nucleus" title="Spinal trigeminal nucleus">spinal trigeminal nucleus</a> – which receives information about deep/crude touch, pain, and temperature of the outer ear, the <a href="/wiki/Dura_mater" title="Dura mater">dura</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Posterior_cranial_fossa" title="Posterior cranial fossa">posterior cranial fossa</a> and the mucosa of the larynx</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Development">Development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vagus_nerve&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Motor_system" title="Motor system">motor</a> division of the glossopharyngeal nerve is derived from the <a href="/wiki/Basal_plate_(neural_tube)" title="Basal plate (neural tube)">basal plate</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Embryo" title="Embryo">embryonic</a> <a href="/wiki/Medulla_oblongata" title="Medulla oblongata">medulla oblongata</a>, while the <a href="/wiki/Sensory_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Sensory system">sensory</a> division originates from the <a href="/wiki/Cranial_neural_crest" title="Cranial neural crest">cranial neural crest</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Function">Function</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vagus_nerve&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Function"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The vagus nerve supplies motor <a href="/wiki/Parasympathetic" class="mw-redirect" title="Parasympathetic">parasympathetic</a> fibers to all the organs (except the <a href="/wiki/Adrenal" class="mw-redirect" title="Adrenal">adrenal</a> glands) from the <a href="/wiki/Neck" title="Neck">neck</a> down to the second segment of the <a href="/wiki/Transverse_colon" title="Transverse colon">transverse colon</a>. The vagus also controls a few <a href="/wiki/Skeletal_muscle" title="Skeletal muscle">skeletal muscles</a>, including: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cricothyroid_muscle" title="Cricothyroid muscle">Cricothyroid muscle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levator_veli_palatini_muscle" class="mw-redirect" title="Levator veli palatini muscle">Levator veli palatini muscle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salpingopharyngeus_muscle" title="Salpingopharyngeus muscle">Salpingopharyngeus muscle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palatoglossus_muscle" title="Palatoglossus muscle">Palatoglossus muscle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palatopharyngeus_muscle" title="Palatopharyngeus muscle">Palatopharyngeus muscle</a></li> <li>Superior, middle and inferior <a href="/wiki/Pharyngeal_constrictor" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharyngeal constrictor">pharyngeal constrictors</a></li> <li>Muscles of the <a href="/wiki/Larynx" title="Larynx">larynx</a> (<a href="/wiki/Speech_communication" class="mw-redirect" title="Speech communication">speech</a>).</li></ul> <p>This means that the vagus nerve is responsible for such varied tasks as <a href="/wiki/Heart_rate" title="Heart rate">heart rate</a>, gastrointestinal <a href="/wiki/Peristalsis" title="Peristalsis">peristalsis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sweating" class="mw-redirect" title="Sweating">sweating</a>, and quite a few muscle movements in the mouth, including <a href="/wiki/Speech_communication" class="mw-redirect" title="Speech communication">speech</a> (via the <a href="/wiki/Recurrent_laryngeal_nerve" title="Recurrent laryngeal nerve">recurrent laryngeal nerve</a>). It also has some afferent fibers that innervate the inner (canal) portion of the <a href="/wiki/Outer_ear" title="Outer ear">outer ear</a> (via the auricular branch, also known as <a href="/wiki/Auricular_branch_of_vagus_nerve" title="Auricular branch of vagus nerve">Arnold's or Alderman's nerve</a>) and part of the <a href="/wiki/Meninges" title="Meninges">meninges</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The vagus nerve is also responsible for regulating inflammation in the body, via the <a href="/wiki/Inflammatory_reflex" title="Inflammatory reflex">inflammatory reflex</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Forbes_2023_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forbes_2023-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Efferent_nerve_fiber" title="Efferent nerve fiber">Efferent</a> vagus nerve fibers innervating the pharynx and back of the throat are responsible for the <a href="/wiki/Gag_reflex" class="mw-redirect" title="Gag reflex">gag reflex</a>. In addition, <a href="/wiki/5-HT3_receptor" title="5-HT3 receptor">5-HT<sub>3</sub> receptor</a>-mediated afferent vagus stimulation in the gut due to <a href="/wiki/Gastroenteritis" title="Gastroenteritis">gastroenteritis</a> is a cause of <a href="/wiki/Vomiting" title="Vomiting">vomiting</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stimulation of the vagus nerve in the <a href="/wiki/Cervix" title="Cervix">cervix uteri</a> (as in some medical procedures) can lead to a <a href="/wiki/Vasovagal_response" class="mw-redirect" title="Vasovagal response">vasovagal response</a>. </p><p>The vagus nerve also plays a role in satiation following food consumption.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid18482776_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid18482776-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Knocking out vagal nerve receptors has been shown to cause <a href="/wiki/Polyphagia" title="Polyphagia">hyperphagia</a> (greatly increased food intake).<sup id="cite_ref-pmid25161883_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid25161883-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Neuroscientist <a href="/wiki/Ivan_De_Araujo" title="Ivan De Araujo">Ivan De Araujo</a> and colleagues have shown that the vagus nerve transmits reward signals from the body to the brain,<sup id="cite_ref-pmid23950538_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid23950538-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid30245012_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid30245012-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> potentially explaining how stimulation of the nerve leads to emotional changes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cardiac_effects">Cardiac effects</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vagus_nerve&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Cardiac effects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sinoatrial_node_high_mag.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Sinoatrial_node_high_mag.jpg/220px-Sinoatrial_node_high_mag.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Sinoatrial_node_high_mag.jpg/330px-Sinoatrial_node_high_mag.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Sinoatrial_node_high_mag.jpg/440px-Sinoatrial_node_high_mag.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/H%26E_stain" title="H&E stain">H&E stained</a> fibers of the vagus nerve (bottom right) innervate the <a href="/wiki/Sinoatrial_node" title="Sinoatrial node">sinoatrial node</a> tissue (middle left)</figcaption></figure> <p>Parasympathetic innervation of the heart is partially controlled by the vagus nerve and is shared by the <a href="/wiki/Thoracic_ganglia" title="Thoracic ganglia">thoracic ganglia</a>. Vagal and spinal ganglionic nerves mediate the lowering of the <a href="/wiki/Heart_rate" title="Heart rate">heart rate</a>. The right vagus branch innervates the <a href="/wiki/Sinoatrial_node" title="Sinoatrial node">sinoatrial node</a>. In healthy people, parasympathetic tone from these sources is well-matched to sympathetic tone. Hyperstimulation of parasympathetic influence promotes <a href="/wiki/Bradyarrhythmias" class="mw-redirect" title="Bradyarrhythmias">bradyarrhythmias</a>. When hyperstimulated, the left vagal branch predisposes the heart to <a href="/wiki/Heart_block" title="Heart block">conduction block</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Atrioventricular_node" title="Atrioventricular node">atrioventricular node</a>. </p><p>At this location, neuroscientist <a href="/wiki/Otto_Loewi" title="Otto Loewi">Otto Loewi</a> first demonstrated that nerves secrete substances called <a href="/wiki/Neurotransmitters" class="mw-redirect" title="Neurotransmitters">neurotransmitters</a>, which have effects on receptors in target tissues. In his experiment, Loewi electrically stimulated the vagus nerve of a frog heart, which slowed the heart. Then he took the fluid from the heart and transferred it to a second frog heart without a vagus nerve. The second heart slowed without electrical stimulation. Loewi described the substance released by the vagus nerve as <a href="/wiki/Vagusstoff" title="Vagusstoff">vagusstoff</a>, which was later found to be <a href="/wiki/Acetylcholine" title="Acetylcholine">acetylcholine</a>. </p><p>Drugs that inhibit the <a href="/wiki/Muscarinic_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="Muscarinic receptor">muscarinic receptors</a> (<a href="/wiki/Anticholinergic" title="Anticholinergic">anticholinergics</a>) such as <a href="/wiki/Atropine" title="Atropine">atropine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hyoscine_hydrobromide" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyoscine hydrobromide">scopolamine</a>, are called vagolytic because they inhibit the action of the vagus nerve on the heart, gastrointestinal tract, and other organs. Anticholinergic drugs increase heart rate and are used to treat <a href="/wiki/Bradycardia" title="Bradycardia">bradycardia</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Urogenital_and_hormonal_effects">Urogenital and hormonal effects</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vagus_nerve&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Urogenital and hormonal effects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Excessive activation of the vagal nerve during <a href="/wiki/Emotional_stress" class="mw-redirect" title="Emotional stress">emotional stress</a>, which is a parasympathetic overcompensation for a strong <a href="/wiki/Sympathetic_nervous_system" title="Sympathetic nervous system">sympathetic nervous system</a> response associated with stress, can also cause <a href="/wiki/Reflex_syncope" title="Reflex syncope">vasovagal syncope</a> due to a sudden drop in <a href="/wiki/Cardiac_output" title="Cardiac output">cardiac output</a>, causing <a href="/wiki/Brain_ischemia" title="Brain ischemia">cerebral hypoperfusion</a>. Vasovagal syncope affects young children and women more than other groups. It can also lead to temporary <a href="/wiki/Urinary_incontinence" title="Urinary incontinence">loss of bladder control</a> under moments of extreme fear. </p><p>Research has shown that women having had complete <a href="/wiki/Spinal_cord_injury" title="Spinal cord injury">spinal cord injury</a> can experience <a href="/wiki/Orgasm" title="Orgasm">orgasms</a> through the vagus nerve, which can go from the <a href="/wiki/Uterus" title="Uterus">uterus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cervix" title="Cervix">cervix</a> to the brain.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Insulin" title="Insulin">Insulin</a> signaling activates the <a href="/wiki/Adenosine_triphosphate" title="Adenosine triphosphate">adenosine triphosphate</a> (ATP)-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels in the <a href="/wiki/Arcuate_nucleus" class="mw-redirect" title="Arcuate nucleus">arcuate nucleus</a>, decreases AgRP release, and through the vagus nerve, leads to decreased glucose production by the liver by decreasing gluconeogenic enzymes: <a href="/wiki/Phosphoenolpyruvate_carboxykinase" title="Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase">phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glucose_6-phosphatase" title="Glucose 6-phosphatase">glucose 6-phosphatase</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Clinical_significance">Clinical significance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vagus_nerve&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Clinical significance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stimulation">Stimulation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vagus_nerve&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Stimulation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Vagus_nerve_stimulation" title="Vagus nerve stimulation">Vagus nerve stimulation</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be <b>updated</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2023</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Vagus_nerve_stimulation" title="Vagus nerve stimulation">Vagus nerve stimulation</a> (VNS) therapy via a <a href="/wiki/Neurostimulation" title="Neurostimulation">neurostimulator</a> implanted in the chest has been used to control <a href="/wiki/Seizure" title="Seizure">seizures</a> in <a href="/wiki/Epilepsy" title="Epilepsy">epilepsy</a> patients and has been approved for treating drug-resistant <a href="/wiki/Clinical_depression" class="mw-redirect" title="Clinical depression">clinical depression</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several noninvasive VNS devices that stimulate an afferent branch of the vagus nerve are available. GammaCore is recommended by <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_for_Health_and_Care_Excellence" title="National Institute for Health and Care Excellence">The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)</a> for cluster headaches.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>VNS may also be achieved by one of the <i><a href="/wiki/Vagal_maneuver" title="Vagal maneuver">vagal maneuvers</a></i>: holding the breath for 20 to 60 seconds, dipping the face in cold water, coughing, humming or singing, or tensing the stomach muscles as if to bear down to have a bowel movement.<sup id="cite_ref-vagal_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vagal-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Patients with <a href="/wiki/Supraventricular_tachycardia" title="Supraventricular tachycardia">supraventricular tachycardia</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-vagal_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vagal-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Atrial_fibrillation" title="Atrial fibrillation">atrial fibrillation</a>, and other illnesses may be trained to perform vagal maneuvers (or find one or more on their own).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Vagus nerve blocking (VBLOC) therapy is similar to VNS but used only during the day. In a six-month <a href="/wiki/Open-label_trial" title="Open-label trial">open-label trial</a> involving three medical centers in Australia, Mexico, and Norway, vagus nerve blocking helped 31 obese participants lose an average of nearly 15 percent of their excess weight. As of 2008<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vagus_nerve&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, a yearlong <a href="/wiki/Blind_experiment#Double-blind_trials" class="mw-redirect" title="Blind experiment">double-blind</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clinical_trial#Phase_II" title="Clinical trial">phase II</a> trial had begun.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vagotomy">Vagotomy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vagus_nerve&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Vagotomy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Vagotomy" title="Vagotomy">Vagotomy</a> (cutting of the vagus nerve) is a now obsolete therapy that was performed for <a href="/wiki/Peptic_ulcer_disease" title="Peptic ulcer disease">peptic ulcer disease</a> and now superseded by oral medications, including H2 antagonists, proton pump inhibitors and antibiotics. Vagotomy is currently being researched as a less invasive alternative weight-loss procedure to <a href="/wiki/Gastric_bypass_surgery" title="Gastric bypass surgery">gastric bypass surgery</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The procedure curbs the feeling of hunger and is sometimes performed in conjunction with putting bands on patients' stomachs, resulting in an average of 43% of excess weight loss at six months with diet and exercise.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One serious side effect of vagotomy is a <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_B12" title="Vitamin B12">vitamin B<sub>12</sub></a> deficiency later in life – perhaps after about 10 years – that is similar to <a href="/wiki/Pernicious_anemia" title="Pernicious anemia">pernicious anemia</a>. The vagus normally stimulates the stomach's <a href="/wiki/Parietal_cell" title="Parietal cell">parietal cells</a> to secrete acid and intrinsic factor. <a href="/wiki/Intrinsic_factor" title="Intrinsic factor">Intrinsic factor</a> is needed to absorb vitamin B<sub>12</sub> from food. The vagotomy reduces this secretion and ultimately leads to deficiency, which, if left untreated, causes nerve damage, tiredness, dementia, paranoia, and ultimately death.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Researchers from <a href="/wiki/Aarhus_University" title="Aarhus University">Aarhus University</a> and Aarhus University Hospital have demonstrated that vagotomy prevents (halves the risk of) the development of <a href="/wiki/Parkinson%27s_disease" title="Parkinson's disease">Parkinson's disease</a>, suggesting that Parkinson's disease begins in the gastrointestinal tract and spreads via the vagus nerve to the brain.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Or giving further evidence to the theory that dysregulated environmental stimuli, such as that received by the vagus nerve from the gut, may have a negative effect on the dopamine reward system of the <a href="/wiki/Substantia_nigra" title="Substantia nigra">substantia nigra</a>, thereby causing Parkinson's disease.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vagus_nerve_pathology">Vagus nerve pathology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vagus_nerve&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Vagus nerve pathology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The sympathetic and parasympathetic components of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) control and regulate the function of various organs, glands, and involuntary muscles throughout the body (e.g., vocalization, swallowing, heart rate, respiration, gastric secretion, and intestinal motility). Hence, most of the signs and symptoms of vagus nerve dysfunction, apart from vocalisation, are vague and non specific. Laryngeal nerve palsy results in paralysis of an ipsilateral vocal cord and is used as a pointer to diseases affecting the vagus nerve from its origin down to termination of its branch of the laryngeal nerve. </p> <ul><li><b>Sensory neuropathy</b></li></ul> <p>The hypersensitivity of vagal afferent nerves causes refractory or idiopathic cough. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Auricular_branch_of_vagus_nerve" title="Auricular branch of vagus nerve">Arnold's nerve</a> ear-cough reflex, though uncommon, is a manifestation of a vagal sensory neuropathy and this is the cause of a refractory chronic cough that can be treated with <a href="/wiki/Gabapentin" title="Gabapentin">gabapentin</a>. The cough is triggered by mechanical stimulation of the external auditory meatus and accompanied by other neuropathic features such as throat irritation (laryngeal paresthesia) and cough triggered by exposure to nontussive triggers such as cold air and eating (termed allotussia). These features suggest a neuropathic origin to the cough.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b>Motor neuropathy</b></li></ul> <p>Pathology of the vagus nerve proximal to the laryngeal nerve typically presents with symptom hoarse voice and physical sign of paralysed vocal cords. Although a large proportion of these are the result of idiopathic vocal cord palsy but tumours especially lung cancers are next common cause. Tumours at the apex of right lung and at the hilum of the left lung are the most common oncological causes of vocal cord palsy. Less common tumours causing vocal cord palsy includes thyroid and proximal oesophageal malignancy. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cluster_headaches">Cluster headaches</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vagus_nerve&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Cluster headaches"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>NICE in the UK recommend VNS for cluster headaches.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vagus_nerve&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Etymology">Etymology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vagus_nerve&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> word <i>vagus</i> means literally "wandering" (the words <i><a href="/wiki/Vagrancy_(people)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vagrancy (people)">vagrant</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Vagabond_(person)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vagabond (person)">vagabond</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Vague" class="mw-redirect" title="Vague">vague</a></i>, and <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/divagation" class="extiw" title="wikt:divagation"><i>divagation</i></a> come from the same root). Sometimes the right and left branches together are spoken of in the plural and are thus called <b>vagi</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'v' in 'vie'">v</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span><span title="/dʒ/: 'j' in 'jam'">dʒ</span><span title="/aɪ/: 'i' in 'tide'">aɪ</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">VAY</span>-jy</i></a>). The vagus was also historically called the <i>pneumogastric</i> nerve since it innervates both the lungs and the stomach. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Additional_illustrations">Additional illustrations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vagus_nerve&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Additional illustrations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brain_human_normal_inferior_view_with_labels_en.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Inferior view of the human brain, with the cranial nerves labeled."><img alt="Inferior view of the human brain, with the cranial nerves labeled." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Brain_human_normal_inferior_view_with_labels_en.svg/101px-Brain_human_normal_inferior_view_with_labels_en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="101" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Brain_human_normal_inferior_view_with_labels_en.svg/151px-Brain_human_normal_inferior_view_with_labels_en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Brain_human_normal_inferior_view_with_labels_en.svg/201px-Brain_human_normal_inferior_view_with_labels_en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="424" data-file-height="505" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Inferior view of the human brain, with the cranial nerves labeled.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray384.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Section of the neck at about the level of the sixth cervical vertebra"><img alt="Section of the neck at about the level of the sixth cervical vertebra" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Gray384.png/102px-Gray384.png" decoding="async" width="102" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Gray384.png/154px-Gray384.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Gray384.png/205px-Gray384.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Section of the neck at about the level of the sixth cervical vertebra</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray503.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Transverse section of thorax, showing relations of pulmonary artery"><img alt="Transverse section of thorax, showing relations of pulmonary artery" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Gray503.png/120px-Gray503.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Gray503.png/180px-Gray503.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Gray503.png/240px-Gray503.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="576" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Transverse section of thorax, showing relations of pulmonary artery</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray505.png" class="mw-file-description" title="The arch of the aorta, and its branches"><img alt="The arch of the aorta, and its branches" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Gray505.png/77px-Gray505.png" decoding="async" width="77" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Gray505.png/116px-Gray505.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Gray505.png/154px-Gray505.png 2x" data-file-width="451" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The arch of the aorta, and its branches</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray567.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Dura mater and its processes exposed by removing part of the right half of the skull, and the brain"><img alt="Dura mater and its processes exposed by removing part of the right half of the skull, and the brain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Gray567.png/120px-Gray567.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Gray567.png/180px-Gray567.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Gray567.png/240px-Gray567.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="531" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Dura mater and its processes exposed by removing part of the right half of the skull, and the brain</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray622.png" class="mw-file-description" title="The tracheobronchial lymph glands"><img alt="The tracheobronchial lymph glands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Gray622.png/120px-Gray622.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Gray622.png/180px-Gray622.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Gray622.png/240px-Gray622.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="570" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The tracheobronchial lymph glands</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray694.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Section of the medulla oblongata at about the middle of the olive"><img alt="Section of the medulla oblongata at about the middle of the olive" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Gray694.png/120px-Gray694.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Gray694.png/180px-Gray694.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Gray694.png/240px-Gray694.png 2x" data-file-width="487" data-file-height="392" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Section of the medulla oblongata at about the middle of the olive</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray719.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Hind- and mid-brains; postero-lateral view"><img alt="Hind- and mid-brains; postero-lateral view" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Gray719.png/120px-Gray719.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Gray719.png/180px-Gray719.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Gray719.png/240px-Gray719.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="503" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hind- and mid-brains; postero-lateral view</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray792.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Upper part of medulla spinalis and hind- and mid-brains; posterior aspect, exposed in situ"><img alt="Upper part of medulla spinalis and hind- and mid-brains; posterior aspect, exposed in situ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Gray792.png/115px-Gray792.png" decoding="async" width="115" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Gray792.png/173px-Gray792.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Gray792.png/231px-Gray792.png 2x" data-file-width="577" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Upper part of medulla spinalis and hind- and mid-brains; posterior aspect, exposed in situ</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray838.png" class="mw-file-description" title="The right sympathetic chain and its connections with the thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic plexuses"><img alt="The right sympathetic chain and its connections with the thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic plexuses" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Gray838.png/75px-Gray838.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Gray838.png/113px-Gray838.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Gray838.png/151px-Gray838.png 2x" data-file-width="503" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The right sympathetic chain and its connections with the thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic plexuses</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray848.png" class="mw-file-description" title="The celiac ganglia with the sympathetic plexuses of the abdominal viscera radiating from the ganglia"><img alt="The celiac ganglia with the sympathetic plexuses of the abdominal viscera radiating from the ganglia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Gray848.png/103px-Gray848.png" decoding="async" width="103" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Gray848.png/154px-Gray848.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Gray848.png/205px-Gray848.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="643" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The celiac ganglia with the sympathetic plexuses of the abdominal viscera radiating from the ganglia</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray1032.png" class="mw-file-description" title="The position and relation of the esophagus in the cervical region and in the posterior mediastinum, seen from behind"><img alt="The position and relation of the esophagus in the cervical region and in the posterior mediastinum, seen from behind" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Gray1032.png/107px-Gray1032.png" decoding="async" width="107" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Gray1032.png/161px-Gray1032.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Gray1032.png/215px-Gray1032.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="559" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The position and relation of the esophagus in the cervical region and in the posterior mediastinum, seen from behind</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray1174.png" class="mw-file-description" title="The thyroid gland and its relations"><img alt="The thyroid gland and its relations" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Gray1174.png/117px-Gray1174.png" decoding="async" width="117" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Gray1174.png/176px-Gray1174.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Gray1174.png/234px-Gray1174.png 2x" data-file-width="586" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The thyroid gland and its relations</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray1178.png" class="mw-file-description" title="The thymus of a full-term fetus, exposed in situ"><img alt="The thymus of a full-term fetus, exposed in situ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Gray1178.png/120px-Gray1178.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Gray1178.png/180px-Gray1178.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Gray1178.png/240px-Gray1178.png 2x" data-file-width="542" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The thymus of a full-term fetus, exposed in situ</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Slide6rom.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Deep dissection of vagus nerve"><img alt="Deep dissection of vagus nerve" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Slide6rom.JPG/120px-Slide6rom.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Slide6rom.JPG/180px-Slide6rom.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Slide6rom.JPG/240px-Slide6rom.JPG 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="720" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Deep dissection of vagus nerve</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Internal_carotid_artery.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vagus nerve – dissection"><img alt="Vagus nerve – dissection" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Internal_carotid_artery.jpg/120px-Internal_carotid_artery.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Internal_carotid_artery.jpg/180px-Internal_carotid_artery.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Internal_carotid_artery.jpg/240px-Internal_carotid_artery.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="720" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Vagus nerve – dissection</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vagus_nerve&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article uses <a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terminology" title="Anatomical terminology">anatomical terminology</a>.</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Porphyria" title="Porphyria">Porphyria</a> – A rare disorder can cause seizures and damage to the vagal nerve.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vagovagal_reflex" title="Vagovagal reflex">Vagovagal reflex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inflammatory_reflex" title="Inflammatory reflex">Inflammatory reflex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vagus_ganglion" title="Vagus ganglion">Vagus ganglion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vagus_nerve_stimulation" title="Vagus nerve stimulation">Vagus nerve stimulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vagusstoff" title="Vagusstoff">Vagusstoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyvagal_theory" title="Polyvagal theory">Polyvagal theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gastroparesis" title="Gastroparesis">Gastroparesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reflex_syncope" title="Reflex syncope">Reflex syncope</a> - Vasovagal syncope is one of the major types of reflex syncope.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vagus_nerve&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPrescottLiberles2022" class="citation journal cs1">Prescott SL, Liberles SD (February 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8857038">"Internal senses of the vagus nerve"</a>. <i>Neuron</i>. <b>110</b> (4): 579–599. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.neuron.2021.12.020">10.1016/j.neuron.2021.12.020</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8857038">8857038</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35051375">35051375</a>.</cite><span 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National institute for health and care excellence.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nice.org.uk&rft.atitle=gammaCore+for+cluster+headache&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nice.org.uk%2Fguidance%2Fmtg46%2Fdocuments%2Ffinal-scope&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVagus+nerve" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vagus_nerve&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Nervus_vagus" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Nervus vagus">Nervus vagus</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Loyola_University_Chicago" title="Loyola University Chicago">MedEd at Loyola</a> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.meddean.luc.edu/Lumen/MedEd/grossanatomy/h_n/cn/cn1/cn10.htm">grossanatomy/h_n/cn/cn1/cn10.htm</a></i></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303222022/http://www.yale.edu/cnerves/cn10/cn10_1.html">"10-1"</a>. <i>Cranial Nerves</i>. <a href="/wiki/Yale_School_of_Medicine" title="Yale School of Medicine">Yale School of Medicine</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yale.edu/cnerves/cn10/cn10_1.html">the original</a> on 3 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cranial+Nerves&rft.atitle=10-1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yale.edu%2Fcnerves%2Fcn10%2Fcn10_1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVagus+nerve" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wesnorman.com/cranialnerves.htm">cranialnerves</a> at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University) (<i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wesnorman.com/Images/X.jpg">X</a></i>)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="The_cranial_nerves" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cranial_nerves" title="Template:Cranial nerves"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cranial_nerves" title="Template talk:Cranial nerves"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cranial_nerves" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cranial nerves"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="The_cranial_nerves" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">The <a href="/wiki/Cranial_nerves" title="Cranial nerves">cranial nerves</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Terminal_nerve" title="Terminal nerve">Terminal</a> (CN 0)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nuclei <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Septal_nuclei" class="mw-redirect" title="Septal nuclei">septal nuclei</a></li></ul></li> <li>Course <ul><li><i>no significant branches</i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Olfactory_nerve" title="Olfactory nerve">Olfactory</a> (CN I)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nuclei <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anterior_olfactory_nucleus" title="Anterior olfactory nucleus">anterior olfactory nucleus</a></li></ul></li> <li>Course <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olfactory_bulb" title="Olfactory bulb">olfactory bulb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olfactory_tract" title="Olfactory tract">olfactory tract</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Optic_nerve" title="Optic nerve">Optic</a> (CN II)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nuclei <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lateral_geniculate_nucleus" title="Lateral geniculate nucleus">lateral geniculate nucleus</a></li></ul></li> <li>Course <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Optic_chiasm" title="Optic chiasm">optic chiasm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optic_tract" title="Optic tract">optic tract</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oculomotor_nerve" title="Oculomotor nerve">Oculomotor</a> (CN III)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nuclei <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oculomotor_nucleus" title="Oculomotor nucleus">oculomotor nucleus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinger%E2%80%93Westphal_nucleus" title="Edinger–Westphal nucleus">Edinger–Westphal nucleus</a></li></ul></li> <li>Branches <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Superior_branch_of_oculomotor_nerve" class="mw-redirect" title="Superior branch of oculomotor nerve">superior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parasympathetic_root_of_ciliary_ganglion" class="mw-redirect" title="Parasympathetic root of ciliary ganglion">parasympathetic root</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ciliary_ganglion" title="Ciliary ganglion">ciliary ganglion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inferior_branch_of_oculomotor_nerve" class="mw-redirect" title="Inferior branch of oculomotor nerve">inferior</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Trochlear_nerve" title="Trochlear nerve">Trochlear</a> (CN IV)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trochlear_nucleus" title="Trochlear nucleus">Nucleus</a></li> <li>Branches <ul><li><i>no significant branches</i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Trigeminal_nerve" title="Trigeminal nerve">Trigeminal</a> (CN V)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nuclei <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Principal_sensory_nucleus_of_trigeminal_nerve" title="Principal sensory nucleus of trigeminal nerve">PSN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinal_trigeminal_nucleus" title="Spinal trigeminal nucleus">spinal trigeminal nucleus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesencephalic_nucleus_of_trigeminal_nerve" title="Mesencephalic nucleus of trigeminal nerve">MN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trigeminal_motor_nucleus" title="Trigeminal motor nucleus">TMN</a></li></ul></li> <li>Course <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trigeminal_ganglion" title="Trigeminal ganglion">trigeminal ganglion</a></li></ul></li> <li>Branches <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ophthalmic_nerve" title="Ophthalmic nerve">ophthalmic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxillary_nerve" title="Maxillary nerve">maxillary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandibular_nerve" title="Mandibular nerve">mandibular</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Abducens_nerve" title="Abducens nerve">Abducens</a> (CN VI)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abducens_nucleus" title="Abducens nucleus">Nucleus</a></li> <li>Branches <ul><li><i>no significant branches</i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Facial_nerve" title="Facial nerve">Facial</a> (CN VII)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Near origin</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intermediate_nerve" title="Intermediate nerve">Intermediate nerve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geniculate_ganglion" title="Geniculate ganglion">Geniculate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Inside<br /><a href="/wiki/Facial_canal" title="Facial canal">facial canal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_petrosal_nerve" title="Greater petrosal nerve">Greater petrosal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pterygopalatine_ganglion" title="Pterygopalatine ganglion">pterygopalatine ganglion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nerve_to_the_stapedius" title="Nerve to the stapedius">Nerve to the stapedius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chorda_tympani" title="Chorda tympani">Chorda tympani</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lingual_nerve" title="Lingual nerve">lingual nerve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submandibular_ganglion" title="Submandibular ganglion">submandibular ganglion</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">At <a href="/wiki/Stylomastoid_foramen" title="Stylomastoid foramen">stylomastoid<br />foramen</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Posterior_auricular_nerve" title="Posterior auricular nerve">Posterior auricular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suprahyoid_muscles" title="Suprahyoid muscles">Suprahyoid</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digastric_branch_of_facial_nerve" title="Digastric branch of facial nerve">digastric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stylohyoid_branch_of_facial_nerve" title="Stylohyoid branch of facial nerve">stylohyoid</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parotid_plexus" title="Parotid plexus">Parotid plexus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Temporal_branches_of_the_facial_nerve" title="Temporal branches of the facial nerve">temporal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zygomatic_branches_of_the_facial_nerve" title="Zygomatic branches of the facial nerve">zygomatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buccal_branch_of_the_facial_nerve" class="mw-redirect" title="Buccal branch of the facial nerve">buccal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marginal_mandibular_branch_of_facial_nerve" class="mw-redirect" title="Marginal mandibular branch of facial nerve">mandibular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cervical_branch_of_the_facial_nerve" title="Cervical branch of the facial nerve">cervical</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nuclei</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Facial_motor_nucleus" title="Facial motor nucleus">Facial motor nucleus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solitary_nucleus" title="Solitary nucleus">Solitary nucleus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superior_salivary_nucleus" class="mw-redirect" title="Superior salivary nucleus">Superior salivary nucleus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vestibulocochlear_nerve" title="Vestibulocochlear nerve">Vestibulocochlear</a> (CN VIII)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nuclei <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vestibular_nuclei" title="Vestibular nuclei">vestibular nuclei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cochlear_nuclei" class="mw-redirect" title="Cochlear nuclei">cochlear nuclei</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cochlear_nerve" title="Cochlear nerve">Cochlear nerve</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Striae_medullares" class="mw-redirect" title="Striae medullares">striae medullares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lateral_lemniscus" title="Lateral lemniscus">lateral lemniscus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vestibular_nerve" title="Vestibular nerve">Vestibular</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scarpa%27s_ganglion" class="mw-redirect" title="Scarpa's ganglion">Scarpa's ganglion</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Glossopharyngeal_nerve" title="Glossopharyngeal nerve">Glossopharyngeal</a> (CN IX)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Before <a href="/wiki/Jugular_fossa" title="Jugular fossa">jugular fossa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Ganglia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Superior_ganglion_of_glossopharyngeal_nerve" title="Superior ganglion of glossopharyngeal nerve">superior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inferior_ganglion_of_glossopharyngeal_nerve" title="Inferior ganglion of glossopharyngeal nerve">inferior</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">After <a href="/wiki/Jugular_fossa" title="Jugular fossa">jugular fossa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tympanic_nerve" title="Tympanic nerve">Tympanic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tympanic_plexus" title="Tympanic plexus">tympanic plexus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesser_petrosal_nerve" title="Lesser petrosal nerve">lesser petrosal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otic_ganglion" title="Otic ganglion">otic ganglion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stylopharyngeal_branch_of_glossopharyngeal_nerve" title="Stylopharyngeal branch of glossopharyngeal nerve">Stylopharyngeal branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharyngeal_branches_of_glossopharyngeal_nerve" title="Pharyngeal branches of glossopharyngeal nerve">Pharyngeal branches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonsillar_branches_of_glossopharyngeal_nerve" title="Tonsillar branches of glossopharyngeal nerve">Tonsillar branches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingual_branches_of_glossopharyngeal_nerve" title="Lingual branches of glossopharyngeal nerve">Lingual branches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Branch_of_glossopharyngeal_nerve_to_carotid_sinus" class="mw-redirect" title="Branch of glossopharyngeal nerve to carotid sinus">Carotid sinus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nuclei</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nucleus_ambiguus" title="Nucleus ambiguus">Nucleus ambiguus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inferior_salivatory_nucleus" class="mw-redirect" title="Inferior salivatory nucleus">Inferior salivatory nucleus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solitary_nucleus" title="Solitary nucleus">Solitary nucleus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vagus</a> (CN X)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Before <a href="/wiki/Jugular_fossa" title="Jugular fossa">jugular fossa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Ganglia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Superior_ganglion_of_vagus_nerve" title="Superior ganglion of vagus nerve">superior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inferior_ganglion_of_vagus_nerve" title="Inferior ganglion of vagus nerve">inferior</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">After <a href="/wiki/Jugular_fossa" title="Jugular fossa">jugular fossa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meningeal_branch_of_vagus_nerve" title="Meningeal branch of vagus nerve">Meningeal branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auricular_branch_of_vagus_nerve" title="Auricular branch of vagus nerve">Auricular branch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Neck" title="Neck">Neck</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pharyngeal_branch_of_vagus_nerve" title="Pharyngeal branch of vagus nerve">Pharyngeal branch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pharyngeal_plexus_of_vagus_nerve" title="Pharyngeal plexus of vagus nerve">pharyngeal plexus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superior_laryngeal_nerve" title="Superior laryngeal nerve">Superior laryngeal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/External_laryngeal_nerve" class="mw-redirect" title="External laryngeal nerve">external</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internal_laryngeal_nerve" class="mw-redirect" title="Internal laryngeal nerve">internal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recurrent_laryngeal_nerve" title="Recurrent laryngeal nerve">Recurrent laryngeal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superior_cervical_cardiac_branches_of_vagus_nerve" class="mw-redirect" title="Superior cervical cardiac branches of vagus nerve">Superior cervical cardiac</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Thorax" title="Thorax">Thorax</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inferior_cardiac_branches_of_the_vagus_nerve" class="mw-redirect" title="Inferior cardiac branches of the vagus nerve">Inferior cardiac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulmonary_branches_of_vagus_nerve" title="Pulmonary branches of vagus nerve">Pulmonary</a></li> <li>Vagal trunks <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anterior_vagal_trunk" title="Anterior vagal trunk">anterior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posterior_vagal_trunk" title="Posterior vagal trunk">posterior</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Abdomen" title="Abdomen">Abdomen</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celiac_branches_of_vagus_nerve" title="Celiac branches of vagus nerve">Celiac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renal_branches_of_vagus_nerve" title="Renal branches of vagus nerve">Renal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hepatic_branches_of_anterior_vagal_trunk" title="Hepatic branches of anterior vagal trunk">Hepatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anterior_gastric_branches_of_anterior_vagal_trunk" title="Anterior gastric branches of anterior vagal trunk">Anterior gastric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posterior_gastric_branches_of_posterior_vagal_trunk" title="Posterior gastric branches of posterior vagal trunk">Posterior gastric</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nuclei</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nucleus_ambiguus" title="Nucleus ambiguus">Nucleus ambiguus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorsal_nucleus_of_vagus_nerve" title="Dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve">Dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solitary_nucleus" title="Solitary nucleus">Solitary nucleus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Accessory_nerve" title="Accessory nerve">Accessory</a> (CN XI)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nuclei <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nucleus_ambiguus" title="Nucleus ambiguus">nucleus ambiguus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinal_accessory_nucleus" title="Spinal accessory nucleus">spinal accessory nucleus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cranial_root_of_accessory_nerves" title="Cranial root of accessory nerves">Cranial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinal_root_of_accessory_nerve" title="Spinal root of accessory nerve">Spinal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hypoglossal_nerve" title="Hypoglossal nerve">Hypoglossal</a> (CN XII)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hypoglossal_nucleus" title="Hypoglossal nucleus">Nucleus</a></li> <li>Branches <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lingual_branches_of_hypoglossal_nerve" class="mw-redirect" title="Lingual branches of hypoglossal nerve">lingual</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190140#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190140#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190140#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1163685/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4187315-4">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85141766">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12258874h">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12258874h">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="bloudivý nerv"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph1228027&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX532098">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000290723&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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