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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Usage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Usage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Usage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Usage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roles_and_responsibilities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roles_and_responsibilities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Roles and responsibilities</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Roles_and_responsibilities-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Roles and responsibilities subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Roles_and_responsibilities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Duties_at_meetings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Duties_at_meetings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Duties at meetings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Duties_at_meetings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Powers_and_authority" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Powers_and_authority"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Powers and authority</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Powers_and_authority-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Disciplinary_procedures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Disciplinary_procedures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Disciplinary procedures</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Disciplinary_procedures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_corporations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_corporations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Public corporations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Public_corporations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Public corporations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Public_corporations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Chairman_and_CEO" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chairman_and_CEO"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Chairman and CEO</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chairman_and_CEO-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Executive_chair" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Executive_chair"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Executive chair</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Executive_chair-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Non-executive_chair" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Non-executive_chair"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Non-executive chair</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Non-executive_chair-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Examples" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Examples"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Examples</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Examples-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vice-chair_and_deputy_chair" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vice-chair_and_deputy_chair"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Vice-chair and deputy chair</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vice-chair_and_deputy_chair-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Chair (officer)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 45 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-45" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">45 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9" title="رئيس مجلس الإدارة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رئيس مجلس الإدارة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="চেয়ারম্যান – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="চেয়ারম্যান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%BA-se%CC%8Dk" title="Chú-se̍k – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chú-se̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%8F_(%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0)" title="Старшыня (пасада) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Старшыня (пасада)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7" title="अध्यक्ष – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="अध्यक्ष" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D1%82%D3%B3%C3%A7%C4%95" title="Ертӳçĕ – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Ертӳçĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C5%99edseda" title="Předseda – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Předseda" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sachigaro" title="Sachigaro – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Sachigaro" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadeirydd" title="Cadeirydd – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cadeirydd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formand" title="Formand – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Formand" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vorsitzender" title="Vorsitzender – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Vorsitzender" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3_%D9%87%DB%8C%D8%A6%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%87" title="رئیس هیئت مدیره – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رئیس هیئت مدیره" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foarsitter" title="Foarsitter – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Foarsitter" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%9A%8C%EC%9E%A5" title="회장 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="회장" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7" title="अध्यक्ष – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अध्यक्ष" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ketua" title="Ketua – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ketua" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forma%C3%B0ur" title="Formaður – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Formaður" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%91_%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A9" title="יושב ראש – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יושב ראש" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%A7%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B7" title="ಅಧ್ಯಕ್ಷ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಅಧ್ಯಕ್ಷ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirmininkas" title="Pirmininkas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Pirmininkas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%BB" title="അദ്ധ്യക്ഷൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അദ്ധ്യക്ഷൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pengerusi" title="Pengerusi – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pengerusi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voorzitter" title="Voorzitter – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Voorzitter" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7" title="अध्यक्ष – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="अध्यक्ष" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%9A%E9%95%B7" title="会長 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="会長" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Styreleder" title="Styreleder – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Styreleder" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Styreleiar" title="Styreleiar – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Styreleiar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%80" title="ਸਭਾਪਤੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸਭਾਪਤੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%8F%D8%B1%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D9%88%D8%A7%DD%A8" title="کُرسی واݨ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کُرسی واݨ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Przewodnicz%C4%85cy" title="Przewodniczący – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Przewodniczący" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Председатель – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Председатель" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kryetari" title="Kryetari – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kryetari" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chairperson" title="Chairperson – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Chairperson" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predseda" title="Predseda – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Predseda" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%86%DA%A9" title="سەرۆک – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سەرۆک" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puheenjohtaja" title="Puheenjohtaja – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Puheenjohtaja" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chairperson&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairperson">Chairperson</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Leading or presiding officer of an organized group</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Chairman of the Board" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Board_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Chairman of the Board (disambiguation)">Chairman of the Board (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Agustin_V%C3%A1squez_G%C3%B3mez,_chairperson_of_OPCW%27s_Fourth_Review_Conference,_2018.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Agustin_V%C3%A1squez_G%C3%B3mez%2C_chairperson_of_OPCW%27s_Fourth_Review_Conference%2C_2018.jpg/300px-Agustin_V%C3%A1squez_G%C3%B3mez%2C_chairperson_of_OPCW%27s_Fourth_Review_Conference%2C_2018.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Agustin_V%C3%A1squez_G%C3%B3mez%2C_chairperson_of_OPCW%27s_Fourth_Review_Conference%2C_2018.jpg/450px-Agustin_V%C3%A1squez_G%C3%B3mez%2C_chairperson_of_OPCW%27s_Fourth_Review_Conference%2C_2018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Agustin_V%C3%A1squez_G%C3%B3mez%2C_chairperson_of_OPCW%27s_Fourth_Review_Conference%2C_2018.jpg/600px-Agustin_V%C3%A1squez_G%C3%B3mez%2C_chairperson_of_OPCW%27s_Fourth_Review_Conference%2C_2018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4810" data-file-height="3207" /></a><figcaption>Agustín Vásquez Gómez, ambassador of the <a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">Republic of El Salvador</a>, chairing the <a href="/wiki/Organisation_for_the_Prohibition_of_Chemical_Weapons" title="Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons">OPCW</a>'s Fourth Review Conference, November 2018</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>chair</b>, also <b>chairman</b>, <b>chairwoman</b>, or <b>chairperson</b>, is the presiding officer of an organized group such as a <a href="/wiki/Board_of_directors" title="Board of directors">board</a>, <a href="/wiki/Committee" title="Committee">committee</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Deliberative_assembly" title="Deliberative assembly">deliberative assembly</a>. The person holding the office, who is typically elected or appointed by members of the group or organisation, presides over meetings of the group, and is required to conduct the group's business in an orderly fashion.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In some organizations, the chair is also known as <i><a href="/wiki/President_(corporate_title)" title="President (corporate title)">president</a></i> (or other title).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In others, where a board appoints a president (or other title), the two terms are used for distinct positions. The term chairman may be used in a neutral manner, not directly implying the gender of the holder. In meetings or conferences, to "chair" something (chairing) means to lead the event.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Terminology">Terminology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chair_(officer)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Terminology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/chair" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:chair">chair</a></b></i>, <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/chairman" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:chairman">chairman</a></b></i>, <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/chairwoman" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:chairwoman">chairwoman</a></b></i>, <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/chairperson" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:chairperson">chairperson</a></b></i>, or <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/preside" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:preside">preside</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <p>Terms for the office and its holder include <i>chair</i>, <i>chairperson</i>, <i>chairman</i>, <i>chairwoman</i>, <i>convenor</i>, <i>facilitator</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Moderator_(town_official)" title="Moderator (town official)">moderator</a></i>, <i>president</i>, and <i>presiding officer</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dictionary2_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dictionary2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The chair of a parliamentary chamber is sometimes called the <i><a href="/wiki/Speaker_(politics)" title="Speaker (politics)">speaker</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Chair</i> has been used to refer to a <a href="/wiki/Seat" title="Seat">seat</a> or office of authority since the middle of the 17th century; its earliest citation in the <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a></i> dates to 1658–1659, four years after the first citation for <i>chairman</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dicrefman_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dicrefman-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Feminist critiques have analysed <i>Chairman</i> as an example of <a href="/wiki/Sexism" title="Sexism">sexist</a> language, associating the male gender with the exercise of authority, this has led to the widespread use of the generic "Chairperson".<sup id="cite_ref-sexistbundle_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sexistbundle-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/World_Schools_Style_debating" class="mw-redirect" title="World Schools Style debating">World Schools Style debating</a>, as of 2009, <i>chairperson</i> or <i>chair</i> refers to the person who controls the debate; it recommends using <i>Madame Chair</i> or <i>Mr. Chairman</i> to address the chair.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i><a href="/wiki/FranklinCovey" title="FranklinCovey">FranklinCovey Style Guide for Business and Technical Communication</a></i> and the <a href="/wiki/American_Psychological_Association" title="American Psychological Association">American Psychological Association</a> style guide advocate using <i>chair</i> or <i>chairperson</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>The Oxford Dictionary of American Usage and Style</i> (2000) suggested that the gender-neutral forms were gaining ground; it advocated <i>chair</i> for both men and women.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a></i>'s style guide bans the use of <i>chair</i> and <i>chairperson</i>; the newspaper's position, as of 2018, is that "chairman is correct English".<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Parliamentarians" title="National Association of Parliamentarians">National Association of Parliamentarians</a> adopted a resolution in 1975 discouraging the use of <i>chairperson</i> and rescinded it in 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Usage">Usage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chair_(officer)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Leena_Al-Hadid,_chairperson,_IAEA,_2018.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Leena_Al-Hadid%2C_chairperson%2C_IAEA%2C_2018.jpg/260px-Leena_Al-Hadid%2C_chairperson%2C_IAEA%2C_2018.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Leena_Al-Hadid%2C_chairperson%2C_IAEA%2C_2018.jpg/390px-Leena_Al-Hadid%2C_chairperson%2C_IAEA%2C_2018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Leena_Al-Hadid%2C_chairperson%2C_IAEA%2C_2018.jpg/520px-Leena_Al-Hadid%2C_chairperson%2C_IAEA%2C_2018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5568" data-file-height="3712" /></a><figcaption>Ambassador <a href="/wiki/Leena_Al-Hadid" title="Leena Al-Hadid">Leena Al-Hadid</a> of Jordan chairs a meeting of the <a href="/wiki/International_Atomic_Energy_Agency" title="International Atomic Energy Agency">International Atomic Energy Agency</a>, 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The word <i>chair</i> can refer to the place from which the holder of the office presides, whether on a chair, at a lectern, or elsewhere.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During meetings, the person presiding is said to be "in the chair" and is also referred to as "the chair".<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_procedure" title="Parliamentary procedure">Parliamentary procedure</a> requires that members address the "chair" as "Mr. (or Madam) Chairman (or Chair or Chairperson)" rather than using a name – one of many customs intended to maintain the presiding officer's impartiality and to ensure an objective and impersonal approach.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the British <a href="/wiki/Music_hall" title="Music hall">music hall</a> tradition, the chairman was the <a href="/wiki/Master_of_ceremonies" title="Master of ceremonies">master of ceremonies</a> who announced the performances and was responsible for controlling any rowdy elements in the audience. The role was popularised on British TV in the 1960s and 1970s by <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Sachs" title="Leonard Sachs">Leonard Sachs</a>, the chairman on the variety show <i><a href="/wiki/The_Good_Old_Days_(British_TV_series)" title="The Good Old Days (British TV series)">The Good Old Days</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-baker_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-baker-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>"Chairman" as a quasi-title gained particular resonance when socialist states from 1917 onward shunned more traditional <a href="/wiki/Leadership" title="Leadership">leadership</a> labels and stressed the collective control of <i>Soviets</i> (councils or committees) by beginning to refer to executive figureheads as "Chairman of the X Committee". <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Lenin" title="Vladimir Lenin">Lenin</a>, for example, officially functioned as the head of Soviet Russian government not as prime minister or as president but as "Chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_People%27s_Commissars" title="Council of People's Commissars">Council of People's Commissars</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the same time, the head of the state was first called "Chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Central_Executive_Committee_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Union">Central Executive Committee</a>" (until 1938) and then "Chairman of the Presidium of the <a href="/wiki/Presidium_of_the_Supreme_Soviet" title="Presidium of the Supreme Soviet">Presidium of the Supreme Soviet</a>". In Communist China, <a href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong" title="Mao Zedong">Mao Zedong</a> was commonly called "Chairman Mao", as he was officially <a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party">Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Central_Military_Commission_(China)" title="Chairman of the Central Military Commission (China)">Chairman of the Central Military Commission</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Roles_and_responsibilities">Roles and responsibilities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chair_(officer)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Roles and responsibilities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Duties_at_meetings">Duties at meetings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chair_(officer)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Duties at meetings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ThompsonWatergate.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/ThompsonWatergate.jpg/220px-ThompsonWatergate.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/ThompsonWatergate.jpg/330px-ThompsonWatergate.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/ThompsonWatergate.jpg/440px-ThompsonWatergate.jpg 2x" data-file-width="606" data-file-height="403" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Sam_Ervin" title="Sam Ervin">Sam Ervin</a> (right), chairman of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Watergate_Committee" title="United States Senate Watergate Committee">United States Senate Watergate Committee</a>, 1973</div></div></div></div></div> <p>In addition to the administrative or executive duties in organizations, the chair presides over meetings.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such duties at meetings include: </p> <ul><li>Calling the meeting to order</li> <li>Determining if a <a href="/wiki/Quorum" title="Quorum">quorum</a> is present</li> <li>Announcing the items on the "order of business", or <a href="/wiki/Agenda_(meeting)" title="Agenda (meeting)">agenda</a>, as they come up</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_(parliamentary_procedure)" title="Recognition (parliamentary procedure)">Recognition</a> of members to have the <a href="/wiki/Floor_(legislative)" title="Floor (legislative)">floor</a></li> <li>Enforcing the rules of the group</li> <li>Putting questions (<a href="/wiki/Motion_(parliamentary_procedure)" title="Motion (parliamentary procedure)">motions</a>) to a vote, which is the usual way of resolving disagreements following discussion of the issues</li> <li>Adjourning the meeting</li></ul> <p>While presiding, the chair should remain impartial and not interrupt a speaker if the speaker has the floor and is following the rules of the group.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In committees or small boards, the chair votes along with the other members; in assemblies or larger boards, the chair should vote only when it can affect the result.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At a meeting, the chair only has one vote (i.e. the chair cannot vote twice and cannot override the decision of the group unless the organization has specifically given the chair such authority).<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Powers_and_authority">Powers and authority</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chair_(officer)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Powers and authority"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The powers of the chair vary widely across organizations. In some organizations they have the authority to hire staff and make financial decisions. In others they only make recommendations to a <a href="/wiki/Board_of_directors" title="Board of directors">board of directors</a>, or may have no executive powers, in which case they are mainly a <a href="/wiki/Spokesperson" title="Spokesperson">spokesperson</a> for the organization. The power given depends upon the type of organization, its structure, and the rules it has created for itself. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Disciplinary_procedures">Disciplinary procedures</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chair_(officer)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Disciplinary procedures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>If the chair exceeds their authority, engages in misconduct, or fails to perform their duties, they may face disciplinary procedures. Such procedures may include <a href="/wiki/Censure" title="Censure">censure</a>, suspension, or <a href="/wiki/Declare_the_chair_vacant" class="mw-redirect" title="Declare the chair vacant">removal from office</a>. The rules of the organization would provide details on who can perform these disciplinary procedures.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Usually, whoever appointed or elected the chair has the power to discipline them. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Public_corporations">Public corporations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chair_(officer)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Public corporations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are three common types of chair in public corporations. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chairman_and_CEO">Chairman and CEO<span class="anchor" id="Chairperson_and_CEO"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chair_(officer)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Chairman and CEO"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Chief_executive_officer" title="Chief executive officer">chief executive officer</a> (CEO) may also hold the title of chair, in which case the board frequently names an independent member of the board as a lead director. This position is equivalent to the position of <a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A9sident-directeur_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral_(France)" title="Président-directeur général (France)">président-directeur général</a> in France.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Executive_chair">Executive chair</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chair_(officer)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Executive chair"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Executive chair is an office separate from that of CEO, where the titleholder wields influence over company operations, such as <a href="/wiki/Larry_Ellison" title="Larry Ellison">Larry Ellison</a> of <a href="/wiki/Oracle_Corporation" title="Oracle Corporation">Oracle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Flint" title="Douglas Flint">Douglas Flint</a> of <a href="/wiki/HSBC" title="HSBC">HSBC</a> and <a href="/wiki/Steve_Case" title="Steve Case">Steve Case</a> of <a href="/wiki/AOL_Time_Warner" class="mw-redirect" title="AOL Time Warner">AOL Time Warner</a>. In particular, the group chair of <a href="/wiki/HSBC" title="HSBC">HSBC</a> is considered the top position of that institution, outranking the chief executive, and is responsible for leading the board and representing the company in meetings with government figures. Before the creation of the group management board in 2006, HSBC's chair essentially held the duties of a chief executive at an equivalent institution, while HSBC's chief executive served as the deputy. After the 2006 reorganization, the management cadre ran the business, while the chair oversaw the controls of the business through compliance and audit and the direction of the business.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Non-executive_chair">Non-executive chair <span class="anchor" id="Non-executive_chairperson"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chair_(officer)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Non-executive chair"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Non-executive chair is also a separate post from the CEO; unlike an executive chair, a non-executive chair does not interfere in day-to-day company matters. Across the world, many companies have separated the roles of chair and CEO, saying that this move improves corporate governance. The non-executive chair's duties are typically limited to matters directly related to the board, such as:<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Chairing the meetings of the board.</li> <li>Organizing and coordinating the board's activities, such as by setting its annual agenda.</li> <li>Reviewing and evaluating the performance of the CEO and the other board members.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Examples">Examples</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chair_(officer)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Christina_Magnuson_group_2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Christina_Magnuson_group_2016.jpg/220px-Christina_Magnuson_group_2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Christina_Magnuson_group_2016.jpg/330px-Christina_Magnuson_group_2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Christina_Magnuson_group_2016.jpg/440px-Christina_Magnuson_group_2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1202" data-file-height="909" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Princess_Christina,_Mrs._Magnuson" title="Princess Christina, Mrs. Magnuson">Christina Magnuson</a>, as chairman,<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> presides over the 2016 annual meeting of the Friends of the <a href="/wiki/Confidencen" title="Confidencen">Ulriksdal Palace Theater</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Many companies in the US have an executive chair; this method of organization is sometimes called the American model. Having a non-executive chair is common in the UK and Canada; this is sometimes called the British model. Expert opinion is rather evenly divided over which is the preferable model.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is a growing push by public market investors for companies with an executive chair to have a lead independent director to provide some element of an independent perspective.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The role of the chair in a private equity-backed board differs from the role in non-profit or publicly listed organizations in several ways, including the pay, role and what makes an effective private-equity chair.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Companies with both an executive chair and a CEO include <a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/HSBC" title="HSBC">HSBC</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Alphabet_Inc." title="Alphabet Inc.">Alphabet Inc.</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Hewlett-Packard" title="Hewlett-Packard">HP</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vice-chair_and_deputy_chair">Vice-chair and deputy chair<span class="anchor" id="Vice_chairman_and_deputy_chairman"></span><span class="anchor" id="Vice-chairperson"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chair_(officer)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Vice-chair and deputy chair"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A vice- or deputy chair, subordinate to the chair, is sometimes chosen to assist and to serve as chair in the latter's absence, or when a motion involving the chair is being discussed.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the absence of the chair and vice-chair, groups sometimes elect a <i>chair <a href="/wiki/Pro_tempore" title="Pro tempore">pro tempore</a></i> to fill the role for a single meeting.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In some organizations that have both titles, deputy chair ranks higher than vice-chair, as there are often multiple vice-chairs but only a single deputy chair.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This type of deputy chair title on its own usually has only an advisory role and not an operational one (such as <a href="/wiki/Ted_Turner" title="Ted Turner">Ted Turner</a> at Time Warner).<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An unrelated definition of vice- and deputy chairs describes an executive who is higher ranking or has more seniority than an <a href="/wiki/Executive_Vice_President" class="mw-redirect" title="Executive Vice President">executive vice-president</a> (EVP). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chair_(officer)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Executive_director" title="Executive director">Executive director</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-executive_director" title="Non-executive director">Non-executive director</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_procedure_in_the_corporate_world" title="Parliamentary procedure in the corporate world">Parliamentary procedure in the corporate world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_(corporate_title)" title="President (corporate title)">President (corporate title)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chair_(officer)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRobert2011" class="citation book cs1">Robert, Henry M.; et al. (2011). <a href="/wiki/Robert%27s_Rules_of_Order" title="Robert's Rules of Order"><i>Robert's Rules of Order Newly Revised</i></a> (11th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Da Capo Press. p. 22. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-306-82020-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-306-82020-5"><bdi>978-0-306-82020-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Robert%27s+Rules+of+Order+Newly+Revised&rft.place=Philadelphia%2C+PA&rft.pages=22&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Da+Capo+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-306-82020-5&rft.aulast=Robert&rft.aufirst=Henry+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChair+%28officer%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRobert2011">Robert 2011</a>, p. 448</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSturgis2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alice_Sturgis" title="Alice Sturgis">Sturgis, Alice</a> (2001). <a href="/wiki/The_Standard_Code_of_Parliamentary_Procedure" title="The Standard Code of Parliamentary Procedure"><i>The Standard Code of Parliamentary Procedure</i></a> (Fourth ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. p. 163. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-07-136513-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-07-136513-0"><bdi>978-0-07-136513-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Standard+Code+of+Parliamentary+Procedure&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=163&rft.edition=Fourth&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-07-136513-0&rft.aulast=Sturgis&rft.aufirst=Alice&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChair+%28officer%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/chairing">"Chairing"</a>. <i>Cambridge Dictionary</i> (Online ed.)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chairing&rft.btitle=Cambridge+Dictionary&rft.edition=Online&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdictionary.cambridge.org%2Fdictionary%2Fenglish%2Fchairing&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChair+%28officer%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHellinger2001" class="citation book cs1">Hellinger, Marlis, ed. (2001). <i>Gender across languages: The Linguistic Representation of Women and Men (IMPACT: Studies in Language and Society)</i>. Amsterdam: Benjamins. p. 125. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-272-1841-2" title="Special:BookSources/90-272-1841-2"><bdi>90-272-1841-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gender+across+languages%3A+The+Linguistic+Representation+of+Women+and+Men+%28IMPACT%3A+Studies+in+Language+and+Society%29&rft.place=Amsterdam&rft.pages=125&rft.pub=Benjamins&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=90-272-1841-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChair+%28officer%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dictionary2-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dictionary2_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/chairperson">"Chairperson"</a>. Merriam-Webster<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-01-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chairperson&rft.pub=Merriam-Webster&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Fchairperson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChair+%28officer%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSturgis2001">Sturgis 2001</a>, p. 11</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chambersharrap.co.uk/chambers/features/chref/chref.py/main?query=Moderator&title=21st">"moderator"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Chambers_21st_Century_Dictionary" class="mw-redirect" title="Chambers 21st Century Dictionary">Chambers 21st Century Dictionary</a> via Search Chambers</i>. Edinburgh: <a href="/wiki/Chambers_Harrap" class="mw-redirect" title="Chambers Harrap">Chambers Harrap</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chambers+21st+Century+Dictionary+via+Search+Chambers&rft.atitle=moderator&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chambersharrap.co.uk%2Fchambers%2Ffeatures%2Fchref%2Fchref.py%2Fmain%3Fquery%3DModerator%26title%3D21st&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChair+%28officer%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Although <i>convener</i> means someone who summons (convenes) a meeting, the convener may take the chair. The <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a></i> (2nd edition, 1989) offers this citation: 1833 Act 3–4 Will. IV, c. 46 §43 "The convener, who shall preside at such committee, shall be entitled to a casting vote." This meaning is most commonly found in assemblies with Scottish heritage.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190509034657/https://www.parliament.nz/en/visit-and-learn/how-parliament-works/office-of-the-speaker/speeches-pre-2013/document/48Speakspeech010220061/the-many-roles-of-the-speaker">"The many roles of the Speaker"</a>. <i>New Zealand Parliament</i>. Office of the Speaker, <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of New Zealand">Parliament of New Zealand</a>. 2006-02-01. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parliament.nz/en/visit-and-learn/how-parliament-works/office-of-the-speaker/speeches-pre-2013/document/48Speakspeech010220061/the-many-roles-of-the-speaker">the original</a> on 2019-05-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-05-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+Zealand+Parliament&rft.atitle=The+many+roles+of+the+Speaker&rft.date=2006-02-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.parliament.nz%2Fen%2Fvisit-and-learn%2Fhow-parliament-works%2Foffice-of-the-speaker%2Fspeeches-pre-2013%2Fdocument%2F48Speakspeech010220061%2Fthe-many-roles-of-the-speaker&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChair+%28officer%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080609075343/http://www.parliament.uk/about/how/principal/lord_speaker.cfm">"About Parliament: The Lord Speaker"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">Parliament of the United Kingdom</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parliament.uk/about/how/principal/lord_speaker.cfm">the original</a> on 2008-06-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-10-23</span></span>. <q>... responsibilities of the Lord Speaker include chairing the Lords debating chamber,...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+Parliament%3A+The+Lord+Speaker&rft.pub=Parliament+of+the+United+Kingdom&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parliament.uk%2Fabout%2Fhow%2Fprincipal%2Flord_speaker.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChair+%28officer%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Merriam-Webster's dictionary of English usage</i>. Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster. 1993. p. 235. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87779-132-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-87779-132-5"><bdi>0-87779-132-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Merriam-Webster%27s+dictionary+of+English+usage.&rft.place=Springfield%2C+Mass.&rft.pages=235&rft.pub=Merriam-Webster&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=0-87779-132-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChair+%28officer%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dicrefman-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dicrefman_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/chairman">"Chairman"</a>. <i>Dictionary.com Unabridged (v 1.1)</i>. 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-10-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dictionary.com+Unabridged+%28v+1.1%29&rft.atitle=Chairman&rft.date=2006&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdictionary.reference.com%2Fbrowse%2Fchairman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChair+%28officer%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See also the <i>American Heritage Dictionary</i>, the <i>Oxford English Dictionary</i>, the online edition of the current Merriam-Webster Dictionary, <i>Word Origins</i> by Anatoly Liberman (page 88), <i>Merriam-Webster's Dictionary of English Usage</i> (page 235)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sexistbundle-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sexistbundle_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">*<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMargrit_Eichler2013" class="citation book cs1">Margrit Eichler (28 October 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RdfYAQAAQBAJ&pg=PP4"><i>Nonsexist Research Methods: A Practical Guide</i></a>. Routledge. p. 14. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-134-97797-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-134-97797-0"><bdi>978-1-134-97797-0</bdi></a>. <q>Typically, these analyses pointed out the use of so-called generic male terms as sexist... As a consequence of these critiques, guides were published that replaced so-called generic male terms with truly generic terms: policeman became police officer; fireman, fire fighter; postman, mail carrier; workman, worker; chairman, chairperson; mankind, humanity; and so on.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nonsexist+Research+Methods%3A+A+Practical+Guide&rft.pages=14&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013-10-28&rft.isbn=978-1-134-97797-0&rft.au=Margrit+Eichler&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRdfYAQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPP4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChair+%28officer%29" class="Z3988"></span> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarrie_ThorneNancy_Henley1975" class="citation book cs1">Barrie Thorne; Nancy Henley (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SWywAAAAIAAJ"><i>Language and Sex: Difference and Dominance</i></a>. Newbury House Publishers. p. 28. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780883770436" title="Special:BookSources/9780883770436"><bdi>9780883770436</bdi></a>. <q>Is it possible to change sexist language? ... Much of the debate has centered around two types of change: the coining of new terms (such as <i>Ms.</i> to replace <i>Miss/Mrs.</i>, and <i>chairperson</i> to replace <i>chairman</i> and <i>chairwoman</i>), and various proposal to replace <i>he</i> as the generic third person singular pronoun.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Language+and+Sex%3A+Difference+and+Dominance&rft.pages=28&rft.pub=Newbury+House+Publishers&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=9780883770436&rft.au=Barrie+Thorne&rft.au=Nancy+Henley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSWywAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChair+%28officer%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDale_Spender1990" class="citation book cs1">Dale Spender (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-YStAQAACAAJ"><i>Man Made Language</i></a>. Pandora. pp. 29–30. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-04-440766-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-04-440766-9"><bdi>978-0-04-440766-9</bdi></a>. <q>Another factor which we must bear in mind is that women need more words - and more positive words - not less. The removal of sexist words would not leave a large repertoire of words for women to draw upon! ... Some attempts have been made to modify sexist words and there arc signs that this on its own is insufficient to reduce sexism in language. Words such as police <i>officer</i> and chair<i>person</i> have been an attempt to break away from the negative value which female words acquire by the creation of sex-neutral terms</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Man+Made+Language&rft.pages=29-30&rft.pub=Pandora&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-04-440766-9&rft.au=Dale+Spender&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-YStAQAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChair+%28officer%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190510155031/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/writing-help/the-language-of-gender">"The language of gender"</a>. <i>Oxford Living Dictionary</i>. Oxford University Press. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/writing-help/the-language-of-gender">the original</a> on 2019-05-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-05-20</span></span>. <q>People also object to the use of the ending -<i>man</i> in words referring to professions and roles in society, for example <i>postman</i>, <i>spokesman</i>, or <i>chairman</i>. Since women are generally as likely as men to be involved in an occupation or activity nowadays, this type of word is increasingly being replaced by gender-neutral terms, e.g. <i>postal worker</i>, <i>spokesperson</i>, or <i>chair</i>/<i>chairperson</i>.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+language+of+gender&rft.btitle=Oxford+Living+Dictionary&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.oxforddictionaries.com%2Fwriting-help%2Fthe-language-of-gender&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChair+%28officer%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/chairman?q=chairman">"Chairman - More About"</a>. <i>Oxford Learner's Dictionary</i>. Oxford University Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170530020103/https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/chairman?q=chairman">Archived</a> from the original on May 30, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-05-20</span></span>. <q>When you are writing or speaking English it is important to use language that includes both men and women equally. Some people may be very offended if you do not ... Neutral words like <b>assistant</b>, <b>worker</b>, <b>person</b> or <b>officer</b> are now often used instead of -<i>man</i> or -<i>woman</i> in the names of jobs ... Neutral words are very common in newspapers, on television and radio and in official writing, in both British English and North American English.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chairman+-+More+About&rft.btitle=Oxford+Learner%27s+Dictionary&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com%2Fdefinition%2Fenglish%2Fchairman%3Fq%3Dchairman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChair+%28officer%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/chairman">"Chairman - Note"</a>. <i>Cambridge Dictionary</i>. Cambridge University Press<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-05-20</span></span>. <q>Although chairman can refer to a person of either sex, chairperson or chair is often preferred to avoid giving the idea the person is necessarily male.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chairman+-+Note&rft.btitle=Cambridge+Dictionary&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdictionary.cambridge.org%2Fus%2Fdictionary%2Fenglish%2Fchairman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChair+%28officer%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dictionary.com/browse/chairperson">"Chairperson (usage note)"</a>. <i>Dictionary.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-05-20</span></span>. <q>Chairperson has, since the 1960s, come to be used widely as an alternative to either chairman or chairwoman. This change has sprung largely from a desire to avoid chairman, which is felt by many to be inappropriate and even sexually discriminatory when applied to a woman ... Chairperson is standard in all varieties of speech and writing.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chairperson+%28usage+note%29&rft.btitle=Dictionary.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dictionary.com%2Fbrowse%2Fchairperson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChair+%28officer%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.macmillandictionary.com/us/dictionary/american/chairman">"Chairman (usage note)"</a>. <i>Macmillan Dictionary</i>. Springer<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-05-20</span></span>. <q>Many people prefer to say chair or chairperson, because the word chairman suggests that the person in this position is always a man.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chairman+%28usage+note%29&rft.btitle=Macmillan+Dictionary&rft.pub=Springer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.macmillandictionary.com%2Fus%2Fdictionary%2Famerican%2Fchairman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChair+%28officer%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=chairman">"Chairman (usage note)"</a>. <i>The American Heritage Dictionary</i>. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-05-20</span></span>. <q>These compounds sometimes generate controversy because they are considered sexist by some people who believe that -<i>man</i> necessarily excludes females. Others believe that -<i>man</i>, like the word <i>man</i> itself, is an accepted and efficient convention that is not meant to be gender-specific.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chairman+%28usage+note%29&rft.btitle=The+American+Heritage+Dictionary&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin+Harcourt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ahdictionary.com%2Fword%2Fsearch.html%3Fq%3Dchairman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChair+%28officer%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/chairman">"Chairman (usage note)"</a>. <i>Collins English Dictionary</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-05-20</span></span>. <q><i>Chairman</i> can seem inappropriate when applied to a woman, while <i>chairwoman</i> can be offensive. <i>Chair</i> and <i>chairperson</i> can be applied to either a man or a woman; <i>chair</i> is generally preferred to <i>chairperson</i></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chairman+%28usage+note%29&rft.btitle=Collins+English+Dictionary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.collinsdictionary.com%2Fdictionary%2Fenglish%2Fchairman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChair+%28officer%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarshall_Cavendish_Corporation2010" class="citation book cs1">Marshall Cavendish Corporation (2010). <i>Sex and society Volume 1: Abstinence – Gender Identity</i>. New York: Marshall Cavendish Reference. p. 300. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7614-7906-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7614-7906-2"><bdi>978-0-7614-7906-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sex+and+society+Volume+1%3A+Abstinence+%E2%80%93+Gender+Identity&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=300&rft.pub=Marshall+Cavendish+Reference&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-7614-7906-2&rft.au=Marshall+Cavendish+Corporation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChair+%28officer%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZinsser2007" class="citation book cs1">Zinsser, William (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/onwritingwellcla00zins_4/page/81"><i>On writing well : the classic guide to writing nonfiction</i></a> (30. anniversary ed., 7. ed., rev. and updated, [Nachdr.] ed.). New York: HarperCollins. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/onwritingwellcla00zins_4/page/81">81</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-089154-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-089154-1"><bdi>978-0-06-089154-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=On+writing+well+%3A+the+classic+guide+to+writing+nonfiction&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=81&rft.edition=30.+anniversary+ed.%2C+7.+ed.%2C+rev.+and+updated%2C+%5BNachdr.%5D&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-06-089154-1&rft.aulast=Zinsser&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fonwritingwellcla00zins_4%2Fpage%2F81&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChair+%28officer%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQuinn2009" class="citation book cs1">Quinn, Simon (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=N1_Zjo9GDJ8C&pg=PA5"><i>Debating in the World Schools style: a guide</i></a>. New York: International Debate Education Association. p. 5. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-932716-55-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-932716-55-9"><bdi>978-1-932716-55-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Debating+in+the+World+Schools+style%3A+a+guide&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=5&rft.pub=International+Debate+Education+Association&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-932716-55-9&rft.aulast=Quinn&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DN1_Zjo9GDJ8C%26pg%3DPA5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChair+%28officer%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEnglandCoveyFreeman2012" class="citation book cs1">England, Breck; Covey, Stephen R.; Freeman, Larry H. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fd1CnmaFD80C&pg=PA27"><i>FranklinCovey style guide for business and technical communication</i></a> (5th ed.). Upper Saddle River, N.J.: FT Press. p. 27. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-13-309039-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-13-309039-0"><bdi>978-0-13-309039-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=FranklinCovey+style+guide+for+business+and+technical+communication&rft.place=Upper+Saddle+River%2C+N.J.&rft.pages=27&rft.edition=5th&rft.pub=FT+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-13-309039-0&rft.aulast=England&rft.aufirst=Breck&rft.au=Covey%2C+Stephen+R.&rft.au=Freeman%2C+Larry+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dfd1CnmaFD80C%26pg%3DPA27&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChair+%28officer%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGurungSchwartzLandrum2012" class="citation book cs1">Gurung, Regan A. R.; Schwartz, Beth M.; Landrum, R. Eric (2012). <i>An easyguide to APA style</i>. 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Which Should You Use?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Parliamentarians" title="National Association of Parliamentarians">National Association of Parliamentarians</a>. 6 October 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parliamentarians.org/chairperson-resolution/">the original</a> on 2019-02-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-02-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chair%2C+Chairperson%2C+Chairman+...+Which+Should+You+Use%3F&rft.pub=National+Association+of+Parliamentarians&rft.date=2017-10-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.parliamentarians.org%2Fchairperson-resolution%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChair+%28officer%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMillerSwift2000" class="citation book cs1">Miller, Casey; Swift, Kate (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KY_XiQa5PhMC&pg=PA32"><i>The Handbook of Nonsexist Writing: For writers, editors and speakers</i></a> (2nd ed.). Lincoln, NE: iUniverse.com. p. 32. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-595-15921-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-595-15921-4"><bdi>0-595-15921-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Handbook+of+Nonsexist+Writing%3A+For+writers%2C+editors+and+speakers&rft.place=Lincoln%2C+NE&rft.pages=32&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=iUniverse.com&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-595-15921-4&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Casey&rft.au=Swift%2C+Kate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKY_XiQa5PhMC%26pg%3DPA32&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChair+%28officer%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDixit2018" class="citation news cs1">Dixit, Aabha (24 September 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iaea.org/newscenter/news/ambassador-leena-al-hadid-takes-over-as-new-chairperson-of-iaea-board-of-governors">"Ambassador Leena Al-Hadid Takes Over as New Chairperson of IAEA Board of Governors"</a>. International Atomic Energy Agency.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ambassador+Leena+Al-Hadid+Takes+Over+as+New+Chairperson+of+IAEA+Board+of+Governors&rft.date=2018-09-24&rft.aulast=Dixit&rft.aufirst=Aabha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iaea.org%2Fnewscenter%2Fnews%2Fambassador-leena-al-hadid-takes-over-as-new-chairperson-of-iaea-board-of-governors&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChair+%28officer%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRobert2011">Robert 2011</a>, p. 23</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-baker-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-baker_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaker2014" class="citation book cs1">Baker, Richard Anthony (2014). <i>British Music Hall: An Illustrated History</i>. Barnsley: Pen & Sword. p. 207. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78383-118-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78383-118-0"><bdi>978-1-78383-118-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=British+Music+Hall%3A+An+Illustrated+History&rft.place=Barnsley&rft.pages=207&rft.pub=Pen+%26+Sword&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-78383-118-0&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=Richard+Anthony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChair+%28officer%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCawthorne2012" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Cawthorne" title="Nigel Cawthorne">Cawthorne, Nigel</a> (2012-07-24). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2CAEAwAAQBAJ"><i>Stalin: The Murderous Career of the Red Tsar</i></a>. Arcturus Publishing (published 2012). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84858-951-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84858-951-3"><bdi>978-1-84858-951-3</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-02-25</span></span>. <q>[...] Lenin, Stalin, Trotsky, Molotov and Abel Yenukidze [...] began discussing the structure of the new government. Lenin did not want to have 'ministers' as such, so Trotsky suggested that they should be called "peoples' commissars". The government itself would be the "Council of People's Commissars" and its chairman would be prime minister, in effect.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stalin%3A+The+Murderous+Career+of+the+Red+Tsar&rft.pub=Arcturus+Publishing&rft.date=2012-07-24&rft.isbn=978-1-84858-951-3&rft.aulast=Cawthorne&rft.aufirst=Nigel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2CAEAwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChair+%28officer%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrackman2004" class="citation book cs1">Brackman, Roman (2004). <i>The Secret File of Joseph Stalin: A Hidden Life</i>. Routledge. p. 116. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-135-75840-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-135-75840-0"><bdi>978-1-135-75840-0</bdi></a>. <q>On 26 October 1917, Lenin announced the creation of the Council of People's Commissars, having rejected the traditional title of <i>minister</i> as being too "bourgeois", and named himself the "Chairman of the Council".</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Secret+File+of+Joseph+Stalin%3A+A+Hidden+Life&rft.pages=116&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-135-75840-0&rft.aulast=Brackman&rft.aufirst=Roman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChair+%28officer%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRobert2011">Robert 2011</a>, p. 449</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRobert2011">Robert 2011</a>, p. 44: "The presiding officer must never interrupt a speaker simply because he knows more about the matter than the speaker does."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041112102258/http://www.robertsrules.com/faq.html#1">"Frequently Asked Questions about RONR (Question 1)"</a>. <i>The Official Robert's Rules of Order Web Site</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-12-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Official+Robert%27s+Rules+of+Order+Web+Site&rft.atitle=Frequently+Asked+Questions+about+RONR+%28Question+1%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.robertsrules.com%2Ffaq.html%231&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChair+%28officer%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRobert2011">Robert 2011</a>, p. 406</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041112102258/http://www.robertsrules.com/faq.html#20">"Frequently Asked Questions about RONR (Question 20)"</a>. <i>The Official Robert's Rules of Order Web Site</i>. 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Retrieved on 2013-08-22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.news.com.au/business/hsbc-chief-michael-geoghegan-to-quit-after-failing-to-get-top-job/story-e6frfm1i-1225928665163">HSBC chief Michael Geoghegan 'to quit' after failing to get top job</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131204195626/http://www.news.com.au/business/hsbc-chief-michael-geoghegan-to-quit-after-failing-to-get-top-job/story-e6frfm1i-1225928665163">Archived</a> 2013-12-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. News.com.au (2010-09-24). Retrieved on 2013-08-22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/banksandfinance/8212815/HSBC-ex-chief-Michael-Geoghegan-relaxes-as-another-marathon-looms.html">HSBC ex-chief Michael Geoghegan relaxes as another marathon looms</a>. Telegraph. Retrieved on 2013-08-22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKefgen2004" class="citation news cs1">Kefgen, Keith (2004-05-11). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071027135952/http://www.hvs.com/Jump/?aid=1033">"The Non-Executive Chairman Comes of Age"</a>. <i>HVS web site</i>. HVS. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-02-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nurole.com&rft.atitle=What+is+the+role+of+a+chair+of+the+board+in+a+private+equity+company%3F%5C&rft.date=2018-05-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nurole.com%2Fnews_and_guides%2Frole-of-a-chair-in-private-equity&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChair+%28officer%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110511112107/http://blog.ford.com/article_display.cfm?article_id=141">"About Us"</a>. <i>Ford Motor Company</i>. <a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford Motor Company</a>. 2019. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://corporate.ford.com/company.html">the original</a> on 2011-05-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-04-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ford+Motor+Company&rft.atitle=About+Us&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcorporate.ford.com%2Fcompany.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChair+%28officer%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hsbc.com/who-we-are/leadership">"Leadership"</a>. <a href="/wiki/HSBC" title="HSBC">HSBC</a>. 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-09-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=HP+Investor+Relations+%E2%80%93+Board+of+directors&rft.pub=Hewlett-Packard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fh30261.www3.hp.com%2Fphoenix.zhtml%3Fc%3D71087%26p%3Dirol-govboard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChair+%28officer%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRobert2011">Robert 2011</a>, p. 452</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRobert2011">Robert 2011</a>, p. 453</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rbccm.com/about/cid-264063.html">"Leadership"</a>. <i>Rbccm.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rbccm.com&rft.atitle=Leadership&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rbccm.com%2Fabout%2Fcid-264063.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChair+%28officer%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.digitalspy.com/ustv/news/a10201/ted-turner-quits-as-aoltw-vice-chairman.html">"Ted Turner quits as AOLTW Vice Chairman – TV News"</a>. Digital Spy. 2003-01-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-12-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ted+Turner+quits+as+AOLTW+Vice+Chairman+%E2%80%93+TV+News&rft.pub=Digital+Spy&rft.date=2003-01-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.digitalspy.com%2Fustv%2Fnews%2Fa10201%2Fted-turner-quits-as-aoltw-vice-chairman.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChair+%28officer%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chair_(officer)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrohan2014" class="citation book cs1">Trohan, Colette Collier (2014). <i>A Great Meeting Needs a Great Chair</i>. A Great Meeting. <a href="/wiki/ASIN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ASIN (identifier)">ASIN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00NP7BR8O">B00NP7BR8O</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Great+Meeting+Needs+a+Great+Chair&rft.pub=A+Great+Meeting&rft.date=2014&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2Fdp%2FB00NP7BR8O%23id-name%3DASIN&rft.aulast=Trohan&rft.aufirst=Colette+Collier&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChair+%28officer%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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title="Chief administrative officer">Administrative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_analytics_officer" title="Chief analytics officer">Analytics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_audit_executive" title="Chief audit executive">Audit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_automation_officer" title="Chief automation officer">Automation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_brand_officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief brand officer">Brand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_business_officer" title="Chief business officer">Business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_channel_officer" title="Chief channel officer">Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_commercial_officer" title="Chief commercial officer">Commercial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_relations_officer" title="Public relations officer">Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_compliance_officer" title="Chief compliance officer">Compliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_content_officer" title="Chief content officer">Content</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_creative_officer" title="Chief creative officer">Creative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_data_officer" title="Chief data officer">Data</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_design_officer" title="Chief design officer">Design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_digital_officer" title="Chief digital officer">Digital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_diversity_officer" title="Chief diversity officer">Diversity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_executive_officer" title="Chief executive officer">Executive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_experience_officer" title="Chief experience officer">Experience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_financial_officer" title="Chief financial officer">Financial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_gaming_officer" title="Chief gaming officer">Gaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_happiness_officer" title="Chief happiness officer">Happiness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_human_resources_officer" title="Chief human resources officer">Human resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_information_officer" title="Chief information officer">Information</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_information_security_officer" title="Chief information security officer">Information security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_innovation_officer" title="Chief innovation officer">Innovation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_investment_officer" title="Chief investment officer">Investment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_knowledge_officer" title="Chief knowledge officer">Knowledge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_learning_officer" title="Chief learning officer">Learning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_counsel" title="General counsel">Legal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_marketing_officer" title="Chief marketing officer">Marketing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Medical_Officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Medical Officer">Medical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_merchandising_officer" title="Chief merchandising officer">Merchandising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_networking_officer" title="Chief networking officer">Networking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_operating_officer" title="Chief operating officer">Operating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_privacy_officer" title="Chief privacy officer">Privacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_procurement_officer" title="Chief procurement officer">Procurement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_product_officer" title="Chief product officer">Product</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_research_officer" title="Chief research officer">Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_restructuring_officer" title="Chief restructuring officer">Restructuring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_revenue_officer" title="Chief revenue officer">Revenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_risk_officer" title="Chief risk officer">Risk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_scientific_officer" title="Chief scientific officer">Science</a></li> <li><a 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0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Management" title="Management">Manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_manager" title="General manager">General manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Account_manager" title="Account manager">Account manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supervisor" title="Supervisor">Supervisor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Product_manager" title="Product manager">Product manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supervisor" title="Supervisor">Foreman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Board_of_directors" title="Board of directors">Board of directors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_governance" title="Corporate governance">Corporate governance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_compensation" title="Executive compensation">Executive compensation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_business_and_finance_abbreviations" title="List of business and finance abbreviations">List of business and finance abbreviations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senior_management" title="Senior management">Senior management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supervisory_board" title="Supervisory board">Supervisory board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talent_management" title="Talent management">Talent management</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Parliamentary_procedure" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Parliamentary_procedure" title="Template:Parliamentary procedure"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Parliamentary_procedure" title="Template talk:Parliamentary procedure"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Parliamentary_procedure" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Parliamentary procedure"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Parliamentary_procedure" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_procedure" title="Parliamentary procedure">Parliamentary procedure</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_parliamentary_procedure" title="History of parliamentary procedure">History of parliamentary procedure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principles_of_parliamentary_procedure" title="Principles of parliamentary procedure">Principles of parliamentary procedure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deliberative_assembly" title="Deliberative assembly">Deliberative assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee" title="Committee">Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meeting_(parliamentary_procedure)#Session" title="Meeting (parliamentary procedure)">Session</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quorum" title="Quorum">Quorum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chairperson" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairperson">Chair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floor_(legislative)" title="Floor (legislative)">Floor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_(parliamentary_procedure)" title="Recognition (parliamentary procedure)">Recognition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_(parliamentary_procedure)" title="Motion (parliamentary procedure)">Motion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_(parliamentary_procedure)" title="Second (parliamentary procedure)">Second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debate_(parliamentary_procedure)" title="Debate (parliamentary procedure)">Debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_(parliamentary_procedure)#Main_motion" title="Motion (parliamentary procedure)">Main motion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agenda_(meeting)#Order_of_business" title="Agenda (meeting)">Order of business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minutes" title="Minutes">Minutes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voting_methods_in_deliberative_assemblies" title="Voting methods in deliberative assemblies">Voting methods in deliberative assemblies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majority" title="Majority">Majority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unanimous_consent" title="Unanimous consent">Unanimous consent</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Motion_(parliamentary_procedure)#Subsidiary_motion" title="Motion (parliamentary procedure)">Subsidiary motions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Postpone_indefinitely" title="Postpone indefinitely">Postpone indefinitely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amend_(motion)" title="Amend (motion)">Amend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee#Commit_(motion)" title="Committee">Commit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postpone_to_a_certain_time" title="Postpone to a certain time">Postpone to a certain time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debate_(parliamentary_procedure)#Motion_to_limit_or_extend_limits_of_debate" title="Debate (parliamentary procedure)">Limit or extend limits of debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Previous_question" title="Previous question">Previous question</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloture" title="Cloture">Cloture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Table_(parliamentary_procedure)" title="Table (parliamentary procedure)">Lay on the table</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Motion_(parliamentary_procedure)#Privileged_motion" title="Motion (parliamentary procedure)">Privileged motions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agenda_(meeting)#Call_for_the_orders_of_the_day" title="Agenda (meeting)">Call for the orders of the day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raise_a_question_of_privilege" title="Raise a question of privilege">Raise a question of privilege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recess_(break)#Parliamentary_procedure" title="Recess (break)">Recess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adjournment#Motion_to_adjourn" title="Adjournment">Adjourn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adjournment#Motion_to_Fix_the_time_to_which_to_adjourn" title="Adjournment">Fix the time to which to adjourn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Motion_(parliamentary_procedure)#Incidental_motion" title="Motion (parliamentary procedure)">Incidental motions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Point_of_order" title="Point of order">Point of order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appeal_(motion)" title="Appeal (motion)">Appeal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suspension_of_the_rules" title="Suspension of the rules">Suspend the rules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Objection_to_the_consideration_of_a_question" title="Objection to the consideration of a question">Objection to the consideration of a question</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Division_of_a_question" title="Division of a question">Division of a question</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consideration_by_paragraph_or_seriatim" class="mw-redirect" title="Consideration by paragraph or seriatim">Consideration by paragraph or seriatim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Division_of_the_assembly" title="Division of the assembly">Division of the assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voting_methods_in_deliberative_assemblies#Motions_relating_to_methods_of_voting_and_the_polls" title="Voting methods in deliberative assemblies">Motions relating to methods of voting and the polls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nomination#Motions_relating_to_nominations" title="Nomination">Motions relating to nominations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_motion" title="Prayer motion">Prayer motion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Requests_and_inquiries#Request_to_be_excused_from_a_duty" title="Requests and inquiries">Request to be excused from a duty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Requests_and_inquiries" title="Requests and inquiries">Requests and inquiries</a> (<a href="/wiki/Requests_and_inquiries#Parliamentary_inquiry" title="Requests and inquiries">Parliamentary inquiry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Requests_and_inquiries#Request_for_information" title="Requests and inquiries">Request for information</a>, <a href="/wiki/Requests_and_inquiries#Request_for_permission_to_withdraw_or_modify_a_motion" title="Requests and inquiries">Request for permission to withdraw or modify a motion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Requests_and_inquiries#Request_to_read_papers" title="Requests and inquiries">Request to read papers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Requests_and_inquiries#Request_for_any_other_privilege" title="Requests and inquiries">Request for any other privilege</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Motion_(parliamentary_procedure)#Motions_that_bring_a_question_again_before_the_assembly" title="Motion (parliamentary procedure)">Motions that bring a question<br />again before the assembly</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Table_(parliamentary_procedure)" title="Table (parliamentary procedure)">Take from the table</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repeal#Parliamentary_procedure" title="Repeal">Rescind, repeal, annul or amend something previously adopted</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee#Discharge_a_committee" title="Committee">Discharge a committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconsideration_of_a_motion" title="Reconsideration of a motion">Reconsider</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_procedure#Legislatures" title="Parliamentary procedure">Legislative procedures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Call_of_the_house" class="mw-redirect" title="Call of the house">Call of the house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoist_(motion)" title="Hoist (motion)">Hoist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_to_pass_on" title="Motion to pass on">Motion to pass on</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recall_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Recall of Parliament">Recall of Parliament</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Disciplinary_procedures" class="mw-redirect" title="Disciplinary procedures">Disciplinary procedures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Censure" title="Censure">Censure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declare_the_chair_vacant" class="mw-redirect" title="Declare the chair vacant">Declare the chair vacant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impeach_(motion)" title="Impeach (motion)">Impeach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naming_(parliamentary_procedure)" title="Naming (parliamentary procedure)">Naming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_authority" title="Parliamentary authority">Parliamentary authorities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Robert%27s_Rules_of_Order" title="Robert's Rules of Order">Robert's Rules of Order Newly Revised</a></i> (RONR)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Standard_Code_of_Parliamentary_Procedure" title="The Standard Code of Parliamentary Procedure">The Standard Code of Parliamentary Procedure</a></i> (TSC or Sturgis)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Demeter%27s_Manual_of_Parliamentary_Law_and_Procedure" title="Demeter's Manual of Parliamentary Law and Procedure">Demeter's Manual of Parliamentary Law and Procedure</a></i></li> <li><i><a 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